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4,510,100 | Congress's attacks on science-based rules Proposed laws based on false premises could undermine science for the public interest There is a growing and troubling assault on using credible scientific knowledge in U.S. government regulation that will put science and democracy at risk if unchecked. We present five examples, and the false premises on which they are based, of current attempts in the U.S. Congress in the supposed pursuit of transparency and accountability but at the expense of the role of science in policy-making. | 206638111 |
4,510,101 | Experimental mass excess of 40Cl and 42Cl. The beta-decay energy Q/sub ..beta../ of the neutron-rich chlorine isotopes /sup 40,42/Cl produced by fragmentation of a tantalum target with a 2-..mu..A proton beam has been determined. Energies of the beta transitions to bound levels in the daughter nuclei were measured by means of a scintillation telescope in singles or in coincidence with a high-efficiency Ge(Li) gamma counter. The /sup 40/Cl and /sup 42/Cl inferred experimental mass excesses, -27.72 +- 0.08 and -24.66 +- 0.22 MeV, respectively, are compared to mass predictions. | 39604961 |
4,510,102 | [State of the rat thyroid gland in coarctation of the abdominal aorta]. In order to study connections between blood vessels and follicular thyrocytes, the method of modulation (a purposeful change of state in one element with registration of states in other elements of the system) was used. In rats chronic increase of blood stream was produced in the thyroid gland; in 15 days it was 54% as high as in the control. The volume of the vascular bed increased by 28% and that of follicles by 26%. Volumetric ratio between the thyroid epithelium and colloid did not changed. Follicular thyrocytes grew high and the nuclear volumes of these cells increased. Thyrocytes greately varied in their height. The number of mast cells in the thyroid gland remained the same. Iodine absorption by the thyroid gland increased as it is dependent on the volume of the vascular bed of the organism (+0.82). The data obtained demonstrate a significant connection existing between the follicular thyrocytes and blood vessels. | 45382161 |
4,510,103 | A hardware implementation of an orthorectification process This paper presents a hardware implementation of an image orthorectification process using the back-projection algorithm. Image orthorectification is integral to effective analysis and exploitation of aerial imagery and is often one of the largest processing bottlenecks. As imaging sensors grow in pixel count and associated target footprint, the image orthorectification process requires an associated increase in compute capability. In order to support size, weight, and power (SWaP) constrained processing environments, such as on-board systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), efficient and scalable solutions must be developed. Moreover, in surveillance applications minimizing latency is paramount. This paper presents an integer-based high performance FPGA implementation of a back-projection algorithm for orthorectification. A 2.4x speedup is achieved over software processing with an associated 15x reduction in total power draw. | 19177611 |
4,510,104 | Experimental investigation on manufactured sand (m-sand) for determining the basic properties and compare the results with river sand in zone-II Nowadays getting river sand is major problem in our country for construction purpose. So the alternate to river sand is must at this moment. There are lot of alternatives are available for river sand such as Manufactured sand (M-sand), Artificial sand (A-sand), Eco sand etc. Among the above M-sand is most widely used in construction, since it is easily available and cost wise economical. Much technical information is not available for M-sand. This paper deals about the properties of M-sand such as Fineness, specific gravity, sieve analysis, grain size distribution etc. By this paper a clear idea about M-sand is obtained and the results are compared with river sand in zone-II.Nowadays getting river sand is major problem in our country for construction purpose. So the alternate to river sand is must at this moment. There are lot of alternatives are available for river sand such as Manufactured sand (M-sand), Artificial sand (A-sand), Eco sand etc. Among the above M-sand is most widely used in construction, since it is easily available and cost wise economical. Much technical information is not available for M-sand. This paper deals about the properties of M-sand such as Fineness, specific gravity, sieve analysis, grain size distribution etc. By this paper a clear idea about M-sand is obtained and the results are compared with river sand in zone-II. | 199753861 |
4,510,105 | Single-Crystalline All-Oxide α-γ-β Heterostructures for Deep-Ultraviolet Photodetection. Recent advancements in gallium oxide (Ga2O3)-based heterostructures have allowed optoelectronic devices to be used extensively in the fields of power electronics and deep-ultraviolet photodetection. While most previous research has involved realizing single-crystalline Ga2O3 layers on native substrates for high conductivity and visible-light transparency, presented and investigated herein is a single-crystalline β-Ga2O3 layer grown on an α-Al2O3 substrate through an interfacial γ-In2O3 layer. The single-crystalline transparent conductive oxide layer made of wafer-scalable γ-In2O3 provides high carrier transport, visible-light transparency, and antioxidation properties that are critical for realizing vertically oriented heterostructures for transparent oxide photonic platforms. Physical characterization based on X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging confirms the single-crystalline nature of the grown films and the crystallographic orientation relationships among the monoclinic β-Ga2O3, cubic γ-In2O3, and trigonal α-Al2O3, while the elemental composition and sharp interfaces across the heterostructure are confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Furthermore, the energy-band offsets are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the β-Ga2O3/γ-In2O3 interface, elucidating a type-II heterojunction with conduction- and valence-band offsets of 0.16 and 1.38 eV, respectively. Based on the single-crystalline β-Ga2O3/γ-In2O3/α-Al2O3 all-oxide heterostructure, a vertically oriented DUV photodetector is fabricated that exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 94.3 A/W, an external quantum efficiency of 4.6 × 104%, and a specific detectivity of 3.09 × 1012 Jones at 250 nm. The present demonstration lays a strong foundation for and paves the way to future all-oxide-based transparent photonic platforms. | 227037411 |
4,510,106 | Vector of Changes in the Life Strategies of Student Youth Modern realities of Russian life have a serious impact on the formation of life strategies of young people. Not only the personal but also the future public good will largely depend on the terminal and instrumental values and the orientation of its social attitudes. The purpose of the comparative sociological research conducted in 2005, 2012, 2018 was to identify the most relevant and important for modern students’ patterns of social behavior. The focus of the authors’ research interest was focused on what life strategies, to what extent and why are attractive for today’s youth. | 240520861 |
4,510,107 | Asthma Medication Use in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Survivors: A Retrospective Population Level Data Analysis. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine if congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors had worse long-term respiratory outcomes compared with age-matched controls, as measured by inhaled bronchodilator use, inhaled steroid use, and asthma-related physician visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective case-control study of infants with isolated CDH from 1991 to 2013. The primary outcome measures were inhaled bronchodilator prescriptions, inhaled steroid prescriptions, and asthma-related physician visits between 0 and 5 years of age and between 5 and 10 years of age. Subgroup analysis compared the same outcomes for CDH patients grouped by: birth weight, gestational age, side of defect, defect size, liver herniation, hernia sac, and pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS Fifty-six patients with CDH and 753 age-matched controls met the inclusion criteria for the 0 to 5 years of age analysis. Between 0 and 5 years of age, more CDH survivors were prescribed an inhaled bronchodilator (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47[1.38-4.48], p = 0.001) and inhaled steroid (OR = 2.03[1.07-3.74], p = 0.03), and had an asthma-related physician visit (OR = 1.92[1.00-3.56], p = 0.04). Thirty-eight cases and 491 controls met the inclusion criteria for the 5 to 10 years of age analysis. Between 5 and 10 years of age, CDH survivors were not more likely to be prescribed inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, or have an asthma-related physician visit. Among the CDH patients, we did not find a clinical characteristic associated with increased inhaled bronchodilator or steroid prescriptions at | 207938661 |
4,510,108 | any age. CONCLUSION A history of CDH is associated with higher rates of inhaled bronchodilator prescriptions, inhaled steroid prescriptions, and asthma-related physician visits from 0 to 5 years of age compared with age-matched controls. However, this difference resolves by 5 to 10 years of age. | 207938661 |
4,510,109 | Use of Some Complexes of Platinum in the Radiolytic Decomposition of Water TThe radiolysis of water in the presence of complexes of Pt with amines and iodine acting as catalysts of the hydrogen production is reported. A radionuclide of 60Co with an activity of about 5x104 Ci was employed as an irradiation g source. A considerable increase of the amount of hydrogen resulting from the radiolysis of water in the presence of the above mentioned complex combinations was noticed in comparison with the reference sample, irradiated under the same experimental conditions, but without any catalyst. The products have been identified by means of a method based on mass spectrometry. A mechanism for the catalysed reaction is proposed. | 101235711 |
4,510,110 | Real-time measurement of CO2 isotopologue ratios in exhaled breath by a hollow waveguide based mid-infrared gas sensor. A hollow waveguide (HWG) based mid-infrared gas sensor using a 2.73 µm distributed feedback (DFB) laser was developed for simultaneously measuring the concentration changes of the three isotopologues 13CO2, 12CO2, and 18OC16O in exhaled breath by direct absorption spectroscopy, and then determining the 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio (δ13C) and 18OC16O/12CO2 isotope ratio (δ18O). The HWG sensor showed a fast response time of 3 s. Continuous measurement of δ13C and δ18O in the standard CO2 sample with known isotopic ratios for ∼2 h was performed. Precisions of 2.20‰ and 1.98‰ for δ13C and δ18O respectively at optimal integration time of 734 s were estimated from Allan variance analysis. Accuracy of -0.49‰ and -1.20‰ for δ13C and δ18O, respectively, were obtained with comparison to the values of the reference standard. The Kalman filtering method was employed to improve the precision and accuracy of the HWG sensor while maintaining high time resolution. Precision of 5.45‰ and 4.88‰ and the accuracy of 0.21‰ and -1.13‰ for δ13C and δ18O, respectively, were obtained at the integration time of 0.54 s with the application of Kalman filtering. The concentrations of 12CO2, 13CO2 and 18OC16O in breath cycles were measured and processed by Kalman filtering in real time. The measured values of δ18O and δ13C in exhaled breath were estimated to be -21.35‰ and -33.64‰, respectively, with the integration time of 1 s. This study demonstrates the ability of the HWG sensor to obtain δ13C and δ18O | 216528561 |
4,510,111 | values in breath samples and its potential for immediate respiratory monitoring and disease diagnosis. | 216528561 |
4,510,112 | A re-evaluation of aff. Megaloolithidae eggshell fragments from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Pyrenees and implications for crocodylomorph eggshell structure The Upper Cretaceous outcrops of the Pyrenees yield one of the most extensive and continuous records of paleoological remains anywhere in the world. Most of eggs and eggshells have been referred to the oofamily Megaloolithidae. In this study, we present a revision of eggshell fragments from the Blasi 2 locality, lattermost Maastrichtian in age, previously assigned to aff. Megaloolithidae. The presence of a blocky extinction pattern and basal knobs supports a crocodilian affinity of these materials. We classify them as Krokolithidae indet. Three structural layers can be recognised in the Blasi 2 eggshells, a feature that is shared with other recent eggshells (e.g. Crocodylus porosus and Crocodylus niloticus) and fossil crocodylomorph eggshells (Krokolitheswilsoni), which were previously described as single layered. The new proposed affinity of the Blasi 2 eggshells reduces the Megaloolithidae oodiversity of the last few million years of the Cretaceous in the Pyrenees to only two valid ootaxa, Megaloolithusmamillare and Megaloolithusbaghensis. The lack of more complete material precludes the erection of new ootaxa based on the Blasi 2 material. | 128819961 |
4,510,113 | Effects of blind pedestrians on motorists. Factors that influenced 187 Canadian motorists to stop or not stop when blind pedestrians started to cross a busy city street were investigated. The motorists were significantly more likely to stop for a blind pedestrian than for a sighted pedestrian. This finding is consistent with the norm of social responsibility. However, the impact of this norm was dampened by the possible costs entailed in stopping, such as the risk to the blind pedestrian of crossing when other motorists had failed to see him or were unwilling to stop. These perceived costs, tending to decrease motorist helpfulness, were reduced by the addition of a sighted companion. The motorists were also more likely to stop for pairs of pedestrians than for single pedestrians. | 44361261 |
4,510,114 | Obstetric sequelae of female circumcision. Circumcision of the female has been reported to give rise to major complications both to the mother and the infant during delivery, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and fetal loss. In a controlled series of 167 circumcised patients, receiving optimal ante-natal and intra-partum care in hospital, we observed only short-term complications at delivery, with no long-term effects on the mother or the baby. We conclude that these patients should all be delivered in hospitals with specialised units. | 5858051 |
4,510,115 | A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Lactinex in the Prophylaxis of Amoxicillin-Induced Diarrhea The disruption of the natural flora of the gastrointestinal tract (especially Lactobacillus acidophilus) may occur during antibiotic therapy. This may lead to diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. It has been suggested that replacement of the lactobacilli with a commercially available product may prevent the diarrhea. The efficacy and safety of prophylactically administered Lactinex (culture of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus) was compared with placebo for the prevention of amoxicillin-induced diarrhea in pediatric patients. Lactinex or placebo was administered four times a day for ten days to coincide with the antibiotic therapy. The Lactobacillus preparation did not appear to consistently prevent diarrhea in this patient population. Patients' age, diet, and parental definition of diarrhea were factors that may have influenced the results. | 41583301 |
4,510,116 | Ph2PCH2CH2B(C8H14) and Its Formaldehyde Adduct as Catalysts for the Reduction of CO2 with Hydroboranes. We study two metal-free catalysts for the reduction of CO2 with four different hydroboranes and try to identify mechanistically relevant intermediate species. The catalysts are the phosphinoborane Ph2P(CH2)2BBN (1), easily accessible in a one-step synthesis from diphenyl(vinyl)phosphine and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (H-BBN), and its formaldehyde adduct Ph2P(CH2)2BBN(CH2O) (2), detected in the catalytic reduction of CO2 with 1 as the catalyst but properly prepared from compound 1 and p-formaldehyde. Reduction of CO2 with H-BBN gave mixtures of CH2(OBBN)2 (A) and CH3OBBN (B) using both catalysts. Stoichiometric and kinetic studies allowed us to unveil the key role played in this reaction by the formaldehyde adduct 2 and other formaldehyde-formate species, such as the polymeric BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)BBN(HCO2) (3) and the bisformate macrocycle BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)BBN(HCO2)BBN(HCO2) (4), whose structures were confirmed by diffractometric analysis. Reduction of CO2 with catecholborane (HBcat) led to MeOBcat (C) exclusively. Another key intermediate was identified in the reaction of 2 with the borane and CO2, this being the bisformaldehyde-formate macrocycle (HCO2){BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)}2Bcat (5), which was also structurally characterized by X-ray analysis. In contrast, using pinacolborane (HBpin) as the reductant with catalysts 1 and 2 usually led to mixtures of mono-, di-, and trihydroboration products HCO2Bpin (D), CH2(OBpin)2 (E), and CH3OBpin (F). Stoichiometric studies allowed us to detect another formaldehyde-formate species, (HCO2)BBN(CH2)2(Ph2P)(CH2O)Bpin (6), which may play an important role in the catalytic reaction. Finally, only the formaldehyde adduct 2 turned out to be active in the catalytic hydroboration of CO2 using BH3·SMe2 as the reductant, yielding a mixture | 220075851 |
4,510,117 | of two methanol-level products, [(OMe)BO]3 (G, major product) and B(OMe)3 (H, minor product). In this transformation, the Lewis adduct (BH3)Ph2P(CH2)2BBN was identified as the resting state of the catalyst, whereas an intermediate tentatively formulated as the Lewis adduct of compound 2 and BH3 was detected in solution in a stoichiometric experiment and is likely to be mechanistically relevant for the catalytic reaction. | 220075851 |
4,510,118 | Dependence of anomalous resistivity on bulk drift velocity of electrons in the reconnecting current sheets in solar flares Anomalous resistivity is critical for triggering fast magnetic reconnection in the nearly collisionless coronal plasma. Its nonlinear dependence on bulk drift velocity is usually assumed in MHD simulations. However, the mechanism for the production of anomalous resistivity and its evolution is still an open question. We numerically solved the one dimension Vlasov equation with the typical solar coronal parameters and realistic mass ratios to infer the relationship between anomalous resistivity and bulk drift velocity of electrons in the reconnecting current sheets as well as its nonlinear characteristics. Our principal findings are summarized as follows: 1) the relationship between the anomalous resistivity and bulk drift velocity of electrons relative to ions may be described as Ωm for vd/ve in the range of 1.4–2.0 and Ωm for vd/ve in the range of 2.5–4.5; 2) if drift velocity is just slightly larger than the threshold of ion-acoustic instability, the anomalous resistivity due to the wave-particle interactions is enhanced by about five orders as compared with classic resistivity due to Coulomb collisions. With the increase of drift velocity from 1.4ve to 4.5ve, the anomalous resistivity continues to increase 100 times; 3) in the rise phase of unstable waves, the anomalous resistivity has the same order as the one estimated from quasi-linear theory; after saturation of unstable waves, the anomalous resistivity decreases at least about one order as compared with its peak value; 4) considering that the final velocity of electrons ejected out | 250688901 |
4,510,119 | of the reconnecting current sheet (RCS) decreases with the distance from the neutral point in the neutral plane, the anomalous resistivity decreases with the distance from the neutral point, which is favorable for the Petschek-like reconnection to take place. | 250688901 |
4,510,120 | Complex data analysis in high‐resolution SSFP fMRI In transition‐band steady‐state free precession (SSFP) functional MRI (fMRI), functional contrast originates from a bulk frequency shift induced by a deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration change in the activated brain regions. This frequency shift causes a magnitude and/or phase‐signal change depending on the off‐resonance distribution of a voxel in the balanced‐SSFP (bSSFP) profile. However, in early low‐resolution studies, only the magnitude signal activations were shown. In this paper the task‐correlated phase‐signal change is presented in a high‐resolution (1 × 1 × 1 mm3) study. To include this phase activation in a functional analysis, a new complex domain data analysis method is proposed. The results show statistically significant phase‐signal changes in a large number of voxels comparable to that of the magnitude‐activated voxels. The complex‐data analysis method successfully includes these phase activations in the activation map and thus provides wider coverage compared to magnitude‐data analysis results. Magn Reson Med 57:905–917, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | 16672801 |
4,510,121 | Assessment of mathematical models for predicting Staphylococcus aureus growth in cooked meat products. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus in commercially available vacuum-packaged cooked ham, turkey breast meat, and chicken breast meat stored at 2.3, 6.5, 10, 13.5, and 17.7 degrees C was studied. Growth rates observed in these food products were compared with those predicted on the basis of various growth models found in the literature and with those generated by the Pathogen Modeling Program and the Food MicroModel software using graphical and mathematical analysis for performance evaluation. In general, the models studied overestimated the growth of S. aureus. The Dengremont and Membré model most closely matched the observed behavior of S. aureus in ham and chicken breast meat, with bias factors of 1.56 and 1.09, respectively. The Eifert et al. model accurately described the growth of S. aureus in turkey breast meat, with a bias factor of 1.51. The remaining models provided safe predictions of the growth rate of S. aureus, but with poor accuracy. Predictive microbiology models have an immediate practical application in improving microbial food safety and quality and are very useful decision support tools, but they should not be used as the sole determinant of product safety. | 22852451 |
4,510,122 | CMOS Detector Biased Negative Body Voltages for Sub-Terahertz Imaging System A CMOS detector with the core transistors biased using negative body voltages is proposed to improve the quality of the sub-terahertz imaging system. The negative body voltage decreases the subthreshold slope by increasing the depletion layer, which can improve the voltage responsivity of the detector. The proposed detector consists of an integrated differential antenna, three parallel differential core transistors biased with differential body voltages, a preamplifier to combine the DC outputs as the current, and the main amplifier with a high voltage gain. The proposed detector fabricated on with TSMC 0.25 $\mu m$ mixed-signal CMOS process shows 2.6 times higher voltage responsivity and 2.9 times higher sensitivity than the detector biased with zero body voltages at the 200 GHz signal. The measurement results show the voltage responsivity of 5.7 MV/W and noise equivalent power of 62.4 p$\mathbf{W} / \sqrt{\mathbf{H} z}$ at the gate bias of 0.15 V and the body bias set (0, –0.2, and –0.4 V). The raster-scanned images using 200 GHz signals generated from the gyrotron achieve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30.6 dB obtained from the proposed detector, compared with an SNR of 25.5 dB obtained from the zero-biased detector. | 238994251 |
4,510,123 | The nature of the chemical bond in the dicarbon molecule. The molecular dissociation energy has often been explained and discussed in terms of singlet bonds, formed by bounded pairs of valence electrons. In this work, we use a highly correlated resonating valence bond ansatz, providing a consistent paradigm for the chemical bond, where spin fluctuations are shown to play a crucial role. Spin fluctuations are known to be important in magnetic systems and correspond to the zero point motion of the spin waves emerging from a magnetic broken symmetry state. Within our ansatz, a satisfactory description of the carbon dimer is determined by the magnetic interaction of two carbon atoms with antiferromagnetically ordered S = 1 magnetic moments. This is a first step that, thanks to the highly scalable and efficient quantum Monte Carlo techniques, may open the door for understanding challenging complex systems containing atoms with large spins (e.g., transition metals). | 221954111 |
4,510,124 | An innovative design of light collimator based on freeform microlens array This study presents an innovative freeform lens used in the NLIS (Natural Light Illumination System). The NLIS is used to guide the natural light indoors for illumination, which system is implemented in energy saving smart buildings to reduce energy consumption. The freeform lens is based on microlens array to collimate the light from the collecting sub-system before entering the light transmitting sub-system. Results show better parallelism can be achieved for later light transmission. | 109631911 |
4,510,125 | The impact of unfractionated heparin or bivalirudin on patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention OBJECTIVES To compare bleeding and clinical events of patients with stable angina or silent ischemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or bivalirudin. BACKGROUND Few direct comparisons between UFH monotherapy versus bivalirudin exist for patients with stable ischemic heart disease undergoing PCI. METHODS A prospective, investigator-initiated, single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial of UFH versus bivalirudin was conducted. The primary endpoint was all bleeding (major and minor) from index-hospitalization to 30 days post discharge. Secondary endpoints included major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (MACCE) and net adverse clinical events (NACE). RESULTS Two-hundred-sixty patients were randomized for treatment with either UFH (n = 123) (47%) or bivalirudin (n = 137) (53%) There were no significant differences in baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics between the two groups. Primary endpoint was similar in both groups (10.9% with bivalirudin vs 7.3% with UFH [P = 0.31]). Major bleeding rates were 5.8% and 2.4%, respectively (P = 0.17). There was a higher MACCE (3.5% vs 0%, P = 0.03) and NACE (8.8% vs 2.4%, P = 0.03) rate with bivalirudin compared to UFH, respectively. Bivalirudin had increased odds of NACE (OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.00-13.3.6). Death and stent thrombosis rates were low and similar in both groups. Radial access was associated with fewer bleeding events compared to femoral access but not statistically significant (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable angina or silent ischemia, there was no difference between | 4782161 |
4,510,126 | UFH and bivalirudin in bleeding rates up to 30-days post-PCI. MACCE and NACE were higher among the bivalirudin group. Radial access was associated with a numerically lower rate of bleeding compared with femoral access. | 4782161 |
4,510,127 | Prenatal diagnosis of de novo proximal interstitial deletion of 14q associated with cebocephaly. We report on the prenatal diagnosis of a case of cebocephaly, alobar holoprosencephaly, and microcephaly associated with a de novo proximal interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14: del(14)(q13q21.1) or (q13q21.2). This is the third case of holoprosencephaly in association with a deletion in this region. The present report concerns the association between prenatal craniofacial development, a holoprosencephaly locus, and the chromosomal segment 14q13. | 27776561 |
4,510,128 | Evaluation of cardiac function and 30-day clinical outcome with synchronized analysis of phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram in patients with acute myocardial infarction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with short-term and long-term mortality. Survivors of AMI suffer from cardiovascular events, among which heart failure (HF) is the most important factor affecting the prognosis. Echocardiography is a traditional method of measuring cardiac function, but it is inconvenient. Previous studies have identified the effectiveness of a new wearable coin-sized phonocardiogram (PCG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) device in HF patients. In our study, we apply this device in the hospitalization monitoring of post-AMI patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the synchronized analysis of PCG and ECG in identifying cardiac functions in hospitalized AMI patients and to forecast adverse events for 30-days post-AMI in general clinical practice. One hundred and sixty-three ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and sixty-nine non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients were enrolled. All were admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with AMI. The left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) was determined by echocardiography and synchronized PCG and ECG signals were recorded using the wearable coin-sized PCG and ECG device on the first day of admission. PCG and ECG signals were analyzed to determine electromechanical activation time (EMAT), EMAT/RR (EMAT%), pre-ejection period/RR (PEP%), left ventricular systolic time/RR (LVST%), left ventricular ejection time/RR (LVET%). Primary endpoint was defined as the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following AMI in thirty days. ROC analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of EMAT% >12.1% for the diagnosis | 252942561 |
4,510,129 | of LVEF <50% were 81% and 82%, respectively. Overall, 232 patients were enrolled who were divided into four groups according to the classification of AMI and EMAT%. Patients in STEMI group with EMAT% >12.1% had a lower LVEF% (p<0.001), greater EMAT (p<0.001), PEP% (p<0.001), LVET% (p<0.001), LVST% (p=0.001), LVEDV (p<0.001) and LVESV (p<0.001). The same pattern was observed in NSTEMI patients between EMAT% >12.1% and EMAT≤12.1% group. Twenty-eight STEMI patients (17.28%) and seventeen NSTEMI patients (24.6%) developed a MACE event. Compared with EMAT≤12.1% group, EMAT% >12.1% group showed a higher occurrence of MACE, especially in post-STEMI patients (36.54% vs 8.11%, p<0.001). PCG and ECG offer the possibility to assess the systolic parameters associated with left ventricular (LV) function and clinical status that differ between normal and heart failure states in acute AMI patients, with EMAT% >12.1% as a cut-off for deceased LV systolic function. Moreover, EMAT% >12.1% showed strong association with clinical outcome, suggesting EMAT% may be helpful to further improve the risk stratification of post-AMI patients, especially STEMI patients. Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine,Clinical Research Plan of SHDC | 252942561 |
4,510,130 | Dependable group-oriented mobile transactions Several mobile services, such as mobile auctions, mobile financial services, and multi-party interactive games, require support for transactions. This is a difficult challenge due to both intermittent connectivity and potential failures in part(s) of wireless infrastructure. In this paper, we present a multi-network access based wireless architecture and related protocols to enhance the dependability performance for transactions. The key idea is to allow group users to utilize access to one or more wireless networks to complete different steps of a transaction. We also present some preliminary results for transaction performance across multiple networks. | 7185911 |
4,510,131 | World Real Interest Rates We think of the expected real interest rate for ten OECD countries (our counterpart of the world economy) as determined by the equation of aggregate investment demand to aggregate desired saving. Stock-market returns isolate shifts to investment demand, and changes in oil prices, monetary growth, and fiscal variables isolate shifts to desired saving. In this paper, we estimated the reduced form for GDP-weighted world averages of the expected short-term real interest rate and the investment ratio over the period 1959-88. The estimates reveal significant effects in the predicted direction for world stock returns, oil prices, and world monetary growth, but fiscal variables trurned out to be unimportant. Structural estimation implies that an increase by 1% in the expected real interest rates raises the desired saving rate by one-third of a percentage point. Simulations of the model indicate that fluctuations in world stock returns and oil prices explain a good deal of the time series for the world average of expected real interest rates, specifically, why the rates were low in 1974-79 and high in 1981-86. The model also explains the fall in real rates in 1987-88 and the subsequent upturn in 1989. The fitted relation forecasts an increase in the world average of real interest rates in 1990 to a value, 5.6%, that is nearly a full percentage point above the highest value attained in the entire prior sample, 1958-89. We estimated systems of equations for individual countries' expected real interest rates and investment ratios. One finding is that each country's expected | 153881411 |
4,510,132 | real interest rate depends primarily on world factors, rather than own-country factors, thereby suggesting a good deal of integration of world capital and goods markets. | 153881411 |
4,510,133 | Ce que les vibrisses disent au cerveau tactile The rodent whisker system became one of the main system models for the study of the functional properties of sensory neurons. This is due on one hand to the detailed knowledge that we have on the afferent pathways linking the mechanoreceptors in the follicles to the primary somatosensory cortex and on the other hand to the possibility of controlling the sensory input at a micrometer and millisecond scale. The observation of the natural use of the whiskers by rodents indicates that exploration of objects and textures imply multiple contacts with tens of whiskers simultaneously. We have studied the neural code in the barrel cortex, which receives tactile information from the whiskers. By combining multi-electrode recordings and controlled multiwhisker tactile stimulation with theoretical analysis, we have observed a dependence of neural responses on the statistics of the sensory input. Several classes of neuronal responses, similar to those described in a number of cortical visual areas, were observed in the same cortical volume, indicating that various coding schemes are implemented in the same cortical network and can be put into play differentially to cope with the changing statistics of the peripheral stimuli. | 196595761 |
4,510,134 | ATP Induces a Conformational Change in Lipid-bound Cytochrome c * Resonance energy transfer studies using a pyrene-labeled phospholipid derivative 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(pyren-1-yl)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (donor) and the heme (acceptor) of cytochrome c (cytc) have indicated that ATP causes changes in the conformation of the lipid-bound protein (Rytömaa, M., Mustonen, P., and Kinnunen, P. K. J. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22243–22248). Accordingly, after binding cytc via its so called C-site to neat phosphatidylglycerol liposomes (mole fraction of PG = 1.0) has commenced, further quenching of donor fluorescence is caused by ATP, saturating at 2 mm nucleotide. ATP-induced conformational changes in liposome-associated cyt c could be directly demonstrated by CD in the Soret band region (380–460 nm). The latter data were further supported by time-resolved spectroscopy using the fluorescent cytc analog with a Zn2+-substituted heme moiety. A high affinity ATP-binding site has been demonstrated in cytc (Craig, D. B., and Wallace, C. J. A. (1993) Protein Sci. 2, 966–976) that is compromised by replacing the invariant Arg91 to norleucine. Although no major effects on conformation and function of cyt c were concluded due to the modification, a significantly reduced effect by ATP on the lipid-bound [Nle91]cyt c was evident, implying that this modulation is mediated via the Arg91-containing binding site. | 41043461 |
4,510,135 | Effect of Udvartan to Promote the Beauty w.s.r. to Skin-A Review The skin means to help, including protection, excretion, expression, appearance, regulation, and sensation, among others. It also plays an important role in the recording of history. It is treated as a specialty in modern medicine. Ayurveda must recognise the necessity of the hour to identify not only skin ailments caused by modern lifestyles, but also other ailments. Happiness, melancholy, grief, and relaxation, according to Ayurveda, are elements that are expressed by the face and body and cannot be hidden with cosmetics. Ayurveda, in other words, puts a focus on both visible and internal attractiveness. Ayurveda believes that by knowing and practicing the basic principles of Ayurveda, one can improve one's interior beauty. In Ayurveda, there is a secret beauty or the third dimension of beauty, which is also known as "self-realization." A selfrealized individual is thought to be perpetually attractive and does not require the usage of external cosmetics or expensive clothing. The therapies, treatments, and suggestions in Ayurveda, on the other hand, are concerned with physical beauty, which is thought to be the way to the secret of beauty. In Ayurveda, health promotion, beauty management, and healing are based on removing Ama (toxins), restoring cellular nutrition, promoting full elimination, and restoring Dosha balance. In this article, Basics about quality of skin & factors responsible for it including Prakruti; its maintenance with Udvartana. | 247274161 |
4,510,136 | THE REDUCTION AND QUENCHING OF PHOTOEXCITED FLAVINS BY EDTA Riboflavin was irradiated anaerobically in aqueous EDTA solutions over the pH range 2.5–10. In other dye systems (Bonneau and Pereyre, 1975), only the trivalent anion of EDTA was found to have significant reactivity for photoreduction. For riboflavin, the reactivity begins with monoanionic EDTA, and the reactivity is markedly increased as the charge increases. This suggests that the charge on the reductant is more important to the electron transfer process for riboflavin than the formation of a nonhydrogen bonded nitrogen site on EDTA. At high concentrations of EDTA in the pH range 4–8, quenching of the photoreduction occurs, which can be explained by an energy transfer between the excited singlet state of riboflavin and trianionic EDTA, possibly as an association complex. The rate constants for the photoreduction of riboflavin by the monovalent, divalent, and trivalent anions of EDTA are 1.0 times 107M‐1 s‐l, 4.8 times 10′M‐1 s‐l, and 2.0 times 108M‐1s‐1, respectively. The rate constant for the singlet state quenching by trianionic EDTA is 3 times 109M‐l s‐1, and the limiting quantum yield for intersystem crossing for riboflavin in aqueous solution is 0.50 ± 0.05. | 86457511 |
4,510,137 | Intergenerational learning of traditional knowledge through informal education: the Mongolian context ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the research on intergenerational learning of Traditional Knowledge (TK) through informal education. Using qualitative methods, case study was used to explore storytelling by nomadic herders to educate the youth in Mongolian rural areas. This case study consists of 22 interviews with nomad herders, their children, and urban older adults with more education. The first part provides an overview of the TKof pastoralists and the impact of modernisation. The second part addresses the concept of a TK system as informal and nonformal learning within lifelong education , as well as its contextualisation in Mongolia. Thereafter, the research methodology and the study design are outlined, and data presented. The last part identifies the issues of TK transmission within the intergenerational informal learning practice of nomads . The findings suggest that intergenerational informal learning programs are necessary as part of lifelong learning, to promote Traditional nomadic culture and knowledge, and develop incentive policies for participation. The article concludes with recommendations to develop intergenerational informal learning for TK transmission. This study contributes to a richer understanding of lifelong education, particularly the usefulness of older and younger generations transmitting as well as learning nearly forgotten knowledge and values. | 238672761 |
4,510,138 | Genetic Algorithm Based Optimized Routing Methodology through Big Data Analytics in MANET MANET faces topology dynamics due to its infrastructure less nature and faces issues of energy conservation and node movement that requires the concept of dynamic load balancing based routing coming through the structure of big data analytics. The lifetime of a network is governed through the concept of load balancing and QOS based data transfer governed by effective routing. Application of genetic algorithm helps optimizing the networks performance and accumulated the changes of topology. Genetic algorithm helps to select the energy efficient cluster for maintaining the load balance routes the data efficiently. Simulation results of the proposed "Genetic Algorithm Based Optimized Routing Methodology through Big Data Analytics in MANET" increases the networks lifetime by QOS optimization | 209497061 |
4,510,139 | Distinct genetic interactions between multiple Vegf receptors are required for development of different blood vessel types in zebrafish. Recent evidence indicates a specific role for vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa) during artery development in both zebrafish and mouse embryos, whereas less is known about signals that govern vein formation. In zebrafish, loss of vegfa blocks segmental artery formation and reduces artery-specific gene expression, whereas veins are largely unaffected. Here, we describe a mutation in the zebrafish vegf receptor-2 homolog, kdra, which eliminates its kinase activity and leads to specific defects in artery development. We further find that Flt4, a receptor for Vegfc, cooperates with Kdr during artery morphogenesis, but not differentiation. We also identify an additional zebrafish vegfr-2 ortholog, referred to as kdrb, which can partially compensate for loss of kdra but is dispensable for vascular development in wild-type embryos. Interestingly, we find that these Vegf receptors are also required for formation of veins but in distinct genetic interactions that differ from those required for artery development. Taken together, our results indicate that formation of arteries and veins in the embryo is governed in part by different Vegf receptor combinations and suggest a genetic mechanism for generating blood vessel diversity during vertebrate development. | 33461961 |
4,510,140 | Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions Treated With Systemic Therapies: A Population-based Study Objective To describe characteristics and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving systemic therapies vs the general population. Methods This descriptive retrospective cohort study used data from the United States Optum deidentified COVID-19 electronic health record dataset (2007–2020). Adults with COVID-19 were stratified into 3 disease cohorts (patients with RA, PsA, or UC who had received systemic therapy) and a comparator cohort not meeting these criteria. Incidence proportions of hospitalization and clinical manifestations of interest were calculated. Using logistic regression analyses, risk of endpoints was estimated, adjusting for demographics and demographics plus comorbidities. Results This analysis (February 1 to December 9, 2020) included 315,101 patients with COVID-19. Adjusting for demographics, COVID-19 patients with RA (n = 2306) had an increased risk of hospitalization (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.39–1.70) and in-hospital death (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–2.00) compared with the comparator cohort (n = 311,563). The increased risk was also observed when adjusted for demographics plus comorbidities (hospitalization OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.39 and in-hospital death OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.68]). The risk of hospitalization was lower in COVID-19 patients with RA receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) vs non-TNFi biologics (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.53) and the comparator cohort (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.51–1.17). The risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 was similar between patients receiving tofacitinib and the comparator cohort. Conclusion Compared with | 244131211 |
4,510,141 | the comparator cohort, patients with RA were at a higher risk of more severe or critical COVID-19 and, except for non-TNFi biologics, systemic therapies did not further increase the risk. (ENCePP; registration no. EU PAS 35384) | 244131211 |
4,510,142 | Collimation of a D-D Neutron Generator for Clinical Implementation of Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography: a Monte Carlo Study This work is an investigation into collimator designs for a deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron generator for an inexpensive and compact neutron imaging system that can be implemented in a hospital. The envisioned application is for a spectroscopic imaging technique called neutron stimulated emission computed tomography (NSECT). Previous NSECT studies have been performed using a Van-de-Graaff accelerator at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL) in Duke University. This facility has provided invaluable research into the development of NSECT. To transition the current imaging method into a clinically feasible system, there is a need for a high-intensity fast neutron source that can produce collimated beams. The DD neutron generator from Adelphi Technologies Inc. is being explored as a possible candidate to provide the uncollimated neutrons. This DD generator is a compact source that produces 2.5 MeV fast neutrons with intensities of 10 12 n/s (4π). The neutron energy is sufficient to excite most isotopes of interest in the body with the exception of carbon and oxygen. However, a special collimator is needed to collimate the 4π neutron emission into a narrow beam. This work describes the development and evaluation of a series of collimator designs to collimate the DD generator for narrow beams suitable for NSECT imaging. v A neutron collimator made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and lead was modeled and simulated using the GEANT4 toolkit. The collimator was designed as a 52 x 52 x 52 cm 3 HDPE | 125409911 |
4,510,143 | block coupled with 1 cm lead shielding. Non-tapering (cylindrical) and tapering (conical) opening designs were modeled into the collimator to permit passage of neutrons. The shape, size, and geometry of the aperture were varied to assess the effects on the collimated neutron beam. Parameters varied were: inlet diameter (1-5 cm), outlet diameter (1-5 cm), aperture diameter (0.5-1.5 cm), and aperture placement (13-39 cm). For each combination of collimator parameters, the spatial and energy distributions of neutrons and gammas were tracked and analyzed to determine three performance parameters: neutron beam-width, primary neutron flux, and the output quality. To evaluate these parameters, the simulated neutron beams are then regenerated for a NSECT breast scan. Scan involved a realistic breast lesion implanted into an anthropomorphic female phantom. This work indicates potential for collimating and shielding a DD neutron generator for use in a clinical NSECT system. The proposed collimator designs produced a well-collimated neutron beam that can be used for NSECT breast imaging. The aperture diameter … | 125409911 |
4,510,144 | The Effects of Distortion on Trajectory of Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) from Mobile Sources Laboratory and field measurements were performed to understand the effects of local urban aerodynamics on particulate matter (PM) concentration. For the laboratory experiments, an open-circuit wind tunnel along with exhaust from a small diesel engine were used. The field measurements were performed along the Alameda Corridor railroad under the bridge adjacent to the control room at the location where distortion due to the building structure was present. Results indicate that the PM concentration is a function of the local wind speed and direction and the blockage effect. | 111068561 |
4,510,145 | Stretch activates heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor expression in bladder smooth muscle cells. Cultured rat bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) were grown on collagen-coated silicone membranes and subjected to continuous cycles of stretch-relaxation. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed a time-dependent increase in heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) mRNA levels after stretch, with maximal levels appearing after 4 h. Immunostaining for proHB-EGF revealed higher levels of HB-EGF protein in the stretched than in the nonstretched SMC. The ANG II receptor type 1 antagonist losartan markedly suppressed stretch-activated HB-EGF expression. ANG II levels were 3.3-fold higher in the stretch- than in the non-stretch-conditioned media. Stretch stimulation of bladder SMC that had been transiently transfected with an HB-EGF promoter-luciferase expression construct resulted in an 11-fold increase in reporter activity. Mechanical stretch induced a 4.7-fold increase in tritiated thymidine incorporation rate, and this was reduced by 25% in the presence of losartan. We conclude that mechanical stretch activates HB-EGF gene expression in bladder SMC and that this is mediated in part by autocrine ANG II secretion. | 4393811 |
4,510,146 | Bioactive and passive mechanisms of pollutant removal in bioreduction processes in fixed bed columns: Numerical simulations A dynamic model was developed for representing the abatement of sulfates and metals in column reactors inoculated with sulfate reducing bacteria. The model framework includes both bioactive mechanisms (bioreduction of sulfates and bioprecipitation of metals) and passive abiotic mechanism (sorption onto the column filling). Sorption capacities of column filling material were determined by dedicated tests of sulfate and cadmium removal. These experimental data implemented in model framework denoted that before steady state sorption mechanism could predominate over bioactive mechanism. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that, varying sorption and bioreduction parameters in typical range of laboratory scale systems, sorption cannot be neglected before steady state. An operative equation was obtained by literature data and model simulations showing that in the majority of works reported in the literature the operational times used for column experiments are not sufficient to saturate column sorption capacity. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 70–80, 2014 | 97478311 |
4,510,147 | Agent-Based Computing for Enterprise Collaboration--Agent-Oriented Workflows and Services The fourth "agent-based computing for enterprise collaboration " workshop at WETICE aimed at bringing together researcher in the field of collaboration supported by software agents. This paper briefly discusses the content of the papers as presented by the participating authors. Moreover, there is a summary of the main issues of the concluding discussions. | 31846611 |
4,510,148 | Eye protection from airborne allergens. The need for eye protection from hazards such as flying objects, particles, dust, noxious gases and chemicals is well established, and is part of normal safety procedures where these hazards exist. There have been recent reports that eye protection from airborne allergens may be an effective method for reducing the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and hay fever. This review examines the literature on these devices which appear to offer an alternative to conventional drug therapy. | 30726811 |
4,510,149 | A reappraisal of the use of 5‐methoxypsoralen in the therapy of psoriasis Abstract 5‐methoxypsoralen (5‐MOP) is considered an alternative to 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) for photochemotherapy of psoriasis. We have compared the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 5‐MOP (1.2 mg/kg)‐UVA versus 8‐MOP (0.6 mg/kg)‐UVA therapy in 25 patients of skin type III and IV, affected by relapsing plaque‐type psoriasis of similar body involvement; indeed, the same patients were given 8‐MOP during 1 year and 5‐MOP during the subsequent year after relapsing. Both treatments cleared psoriatic lesions with a comparable number of exposures, but 5‐MOP required significantly higher cumulative UVA doses. The difference was due to the lower phototoxicity of 5‐MOP, as assessed by the determination of the minimal phototoxic dose, and to its higher tanning activity, as assessed by the weekly grading of pigmentation. Nevertheless, therapy by 5‐MOP‐UVA seemed particularly interesting in that it showed a higher tolerability since only 1 patient experienced nausea, whereas during therapy with 8‐MOP‐UVA nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 7 patients, sunburn in 6 and itching in 3. Since we have treated the same patients with the two drugs, our results were not influenced by interindividual variations of phototoxic responses, tanning ability and susceptibility to develop psoraleninduced short‐term side‐effects. It was concluded that, although long‐term side‐effects of the 5‐MOP‐UVA treatment have still to be determined, such treatment of psoriasis should be reappraised due to its higher tolerability in comparison to 8‐MOP‐UVA treatment. | 24525261 |
4,510,150 | Women of Burma Speak Out: Workshops to Deconstruct Gender-Based Violence and Build Systems of Peace and Justice Refugee and internally displaced women of Burma examined structural and institutional violence against women within their communities within workshop formats. Group members also discussed strategies for transforming systems supporting gender-based violence into structures of peace and gender justice. The authors describe their methodology, based on principles from liberation theory and feminist psychology, in collaborating with the women of Burma to articulate culturally relevant information and recommendations. Common themes generated by workshop participants are presented, including forms of violence against women, the structures and institutions that support and reinforce gender-based violence, and strategies for social change. Examples of follow-up projects emerging from this work are provided. | 145656111 |
4,510,151 | Predator–prey trophic relationships in response to organic management practices A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator–prey population dynamics and impact the structure of these communities. Central to understanding the interplay between predator and prey populations and their importance is characterizing the corresponding trophic interactions. Here, we use a well‐documented molecular approach to examine the structure of the community of natural enemies preying upon the squash bug, Anasa tristis, a herbivorous cucurbit pest that severely hinders organic squash and pumpkin production in the United States. Primer pairs were designed to examine the effects of organic management practices on the strength of these trophic connections and link this metric to measures of the arthropod predator complex density and diversity within an experimental open‐field context. Replicated plots of butternut squash were randomly assigned to three treatments and were sampled throughout a growing season. Row‐cover treatments had significant negative effects on squash bug and predator communities. In total, 640 predators were tested for squash bug molecular gut‐content, of which 11% were found to have preyed on squash bugs, but predation varied over the season between predator groups (coccinellids, geocorids, nabids, web‐building spiders and hunting spiders). Through the linking of molecular gut‐content analysis to changes in diversity and abundance, these data delineate the complexity of interaction pathways on a pest that limits the profitability of organic squash production. | 38537761 |
4,510,152 | A method of frost observation based on intensity changing regularity simulation and texture analysis Frost is a kind of ground coagulation phenomena, and if the temperature of dew point is below 0Co , the water vapor condenses as solid, which is called frost. The frost phenomena observing is an important step in daily ground observation work, and the results is one of 36 critical data in meteorological observation field. This work is usually accomplished by manual. In this paper, we propose an effective method for frost observation based on image processing. The changing of frost formation process is well simulated by using the curve fitting of gray correlation coefficient between certain lengths of frames, while the characteristic of frost surface texture is also well described by texture analysis based on texture descriptor. The experiment results show that our method can get high detection accuracy in the different kinds of continuous changing environment. | 129428611 |
4,510,153 | Mapping numerical perception and operations in relation to functional and anatomical landmarks of human parietal cortex Human functional imaging has identified the middle part of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as an important brain substrate for different types of numerical tasks. This area is often equated with the macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP) where neuronal selectivity for non-symbolic numbers is found. However, the low spatial resolution and whole-brain averaging analysis performed in most fMRI studies limit the extent to which an exact correspondence of activation in different numerical tasks with specific sub-regions of the IPS can be established. Here we disentangled the functional neuroanatomy of numerical perception and operations (comparison and calculation) by acquiring high-resolution 7T fMRI data in a group of human adults, and relating the activations in different numerical contrasts to anatomical and functional landmarks on the cortical surface. Our results reveal a functional heterogeneity within human intraparietal cortex where the visual field map representations in superior/medial parts of IPS and superior parietal gyrus are involved predominantly in numerosity perception, whereas numerical operations predominantly recruit lateral/inferior parts of IPS. Since calculation and comparison-related activity fell mainly outside the field map representations considered the functional equivalent of the monkey VIP/LIP complex, the areas most activated during such numerical operations in humans are likely different from VIP. | 145946911 |
4,510,154 | [Value of image guided neurosurgery in neuro-oncology]. Brain tumor surgery, stereotactic or by resection, is based on the precise knowledge of the spatial position of the target and of their relationships with the normal brain structures. Modern computed neuroimaging allows image guidance of neurosurgical procedures, using robots driven by the coordinates of the target and of the entry point. We have developped a stereotactic robot as well as a robotized microscope which are guided from digitized images. They are used in routine daily practice and will become part of the standard neurosurgical equipment. | 31752211 |
4,510,155 | Private-sector vaccine purchase costs and insurer payments: A disincentive for using combination vaccines? Combination vaccines have been endorsed as a means to decrease the number of injections needed to complete the childhood immunization schedule, yet anecdotal reports suggest that private providers lose money on combination vaccines. The objective of this study was to determine whether practices purchasing combination vaccines had significantly different vaccine costs and reimbursement compared to practices that were not purchasing combination vaccines. Using cross-sectional purchase and insurer payment data collected from a targeted sample of private practices in five US states, we calculated the average total vaccine cost and reimbursement across the childhood immunization schedule. The average vaccine purchase cost across the childhood schedule was significantly higher for practices using a combined vaccine with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, and Hepatitis B vaccine (DTaP-IPV-HepB) than for practices using either separate vaccine products or a combined vaccine with Haemophilus influenzae, type b vaccine and Hepatitis B vaccine (Hib-HepB). The average insurer payment for vaccine administration across the childhood schedule was significantly lower for practices using DTaP-IPV-HepB combination vaccine than for practices using separate vaccine products. This study appears to validate anecdotal reports that vaccine purchase costs and insurer payment for combination vaccines can have a negative financial impact for practices that purchase childhood vaccines. | 37648661 |
4,510,156 | Evaluation of a Hybrid Method of User Location Anonymization Recently, highly accurate positioning devices enable us to provide various types of location based services (LBS). Since location information may reveal private information, preserving location privacy has become a significant issue in LBS. Lots of different techniques for securing the location privacy have been proposed, for instance the concept of Silent period, the concept of Dummy node, and the concept of Cloaking-region. However, many of these researches have a problem that quality of the LBS (QoS) decreased when anonymity is improved, and anonymity falls down when QoS is improved. In this paper, we present a node density-based location anonymization scheme which can provide location privacy by utilizing hybrid concept of Dummy node and Cloaking-region. Simulation is conducted to evaluate our proposed method in the view point of the location error in LBS and the probability of tracking of a target node. Simulation results show that the probability of tracking of a target node by an adversary is reduced and the QoS of LBS is also improved. | 1719511 |
4,510,157 | Cell membrane receptors in head and neck cancer the management of patients who have failed to respond to simple first aid measures. I do try and leave the local anaesthetic for a few minutes as long as there is no ongoing uncontrolled haemorrhage. Nevertheless, from my own observation, there is no good correlation between length of local anaesthetic application and patients’ tolerance of posterior nasal packing. Eu Chin Ho 59 Spiceland Road Birmingham B31 1NL, UK E-mail: [email protected] | 34524061 |
4,510,158 | What's in a game? A game is an interactive structure that requires players to struggle toward a goal. " Salon Magazine " We have gathered so much of information from the sexuality game that we would love to play it again and again and try to help our kid brothers and sisters in their sexual behaviors. We would try to explain to them the complexities as well as simplicities related to sex. " Meeta, India, age 25 | 5120861 |
4,510,159 | Time-dependent Expression of MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA in the Contused Skeletal Muscle of Rats. OBJECTIVES To investigate the time-dependent expression of metallothionein （MT） 1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA in contused skeletal muscle of rats. METHODS A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into two parts: control group （n=6） and contusion groups （0.5, 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after contusion, n=6）. Total RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle. The expression levels of MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA were detected by SYBR Green I real-time PCR. RESULTS The expression trends of the two potential marker genes were related to wound age. In addition to 0.5 h, there were significant contrasts between the control group and contused group （P<0.05）, about the expression levels of MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA in different phases. As the extension of wound age, the relative expression of MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h and 18 h after contusion demonstrated upgrade tendency until its expression levels in 18 h peak with 239.41±15.20 and 717.42±50.76, respectively. When time extends to 24 h after injury, the expression of above two marks decreased, respectively. The MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA expression levels increased at 30 h and then decreased. CONCLUSIONS Determination of MT1A mRNA and MT2A mRNA levels by real-time PCR may be useful for the estimation of wound age. | 3760611 |
4,510,160 | Non-Agonist-Binding Subunit Interfaces Confer Distinct Functional Signatures to the Alternate Stoichiometries of the α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor: An α4–α4 Interface Is Required for Zn2+ Potentiation The α4β2 subtype is the most abundant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain and possesses the high-affinity binding site for nicotine. The α4 and β2 nAChR subunits assemble into two alternate stoichiometries, (α4)2(β2)3 and (α4)3(β2)2, which differ in their functional properties and sensitivity to chronic exposure to nicotine. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of both receptor stoichiometries to modulation by Zn2+. We show that Zn2+ exerts an inhibitory modulatory effect on (α4)2(β2)3 receptors, whereas it potentiates or inhibits, depending on its concentration, the function of (α4)3(β2)2 receptors. Furthermore, Zn2+ inhibition on (α4)2(β2)3 nAChRs is voltage-dependent, whereas it is not on (α4)3(β2)2 receptors. We used molecular modeling in conjunction with alanine substitution and functional studies to identify two distinct sets of residues that determine these effects and may coordinate Zn2+. Zn2+ inhibition is mediated by a site located on the β2(+)/α4(−) subunit interfaces on both receptor stoichiometries. α4H195 and β2D218 are key determinants of this site. Zn2+ potentiation on (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs is exerted by a site that resides on the α4(+)/α4(−) of this receptor stoichiometry. α4H195 on the (−) side of the ACh-binding α4 subunit and α4E224 on the (+) side of the non-ACh-binding α4 subunit critically contribute to this site. We also identified residues within the β2 subunit that confer voltage dependency to Zn2+ inhibition on (α4)2(β2)3, but not on (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs. | 44727811 |
4,510,161 | Implementation Fidelity of a Complex Behavioral Intervention to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus in Two Safety Net Patient-Centered Medical Homes in New York City BackgroundIt is critical to assess implementation fidelity for complex interventions to understand the reasons for their success or failure. However, few interventions systematically report implementation evaluation. Therefore, we conducted a concurrent process evaluation of CHORD (Community Health Outreach to Reduce Diabetes), a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, controlled trial to test the impact of a Community Health Workers (CHW) led, health coaching intervention on preventing incident type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). MethodsThe study population included primary care (PC) patients with prediabetes at 2 safety-net hospitals - VA NY Harbor and Bellevue (BH). PC teams were randomized to receive the one-year intervention or usual care. Of the 559 patients in the intervention group to date, 79.4% completed an intake survey, constituting the analytic sample for fidelity assessment. The Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity (CFIF) was applied to measure implementation fidelity and factors moderating fidelity of four core intervention components: patient goal setting, education topic coaching, PC visits, and referrals to address social determinants of health, using descriptive statistics and regression models.ResultsBH contributed 60.0% of the sample and VA contributed 40.0%. Content adherence was high for three components with nearly 80.0% of patients setting >1 goal, having >1 PC visit and receiving coaching on >1 education topic. Only 45.0% patients received >1 referral. After adjusting for patient gender, language, race, ethnicity, and age, the study site moderated adherence to goal setting (77.4% BH vs. 87.7% VA), educational coaching (78.9% | 238852811 |
4,510,162 | BH vs. 88.3% VA), number of successful CHW-patient encounters (6 BH vs 4 VA) and percent of patients receiving all four components (41.1% BH vs. 25.7% VA). ConclusionsThe CFIF enabled analysis of implementation fidelity of a complex, behavioral intervention. The fidelity of CHORD implementation varied across its four components and was moderated by site. Despite implementation in a research setting, interventions may not completely adhere to their core components, which can influence outcomes. Our study emphasizes the importance of examining implementation fidelity of interventions and of assessing moderating factors. Our study also empirically tested the CFIF using quantitative concurrent intervention fidelity evaluation.Trial registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 12/30/2016 and the registration number is NCT03006666. The link to trial registration is: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006666 | 238852811 |
4,510,163 | Market reforms for the health care system. To the Editor. —I am amused by the apparent confusion Dr Ginzberg 1 is trying to create in the health care system reform arena by only focusing on financing and capacity. We are dealing with a control crisis. It is well known that the markets in a purely capitalistic society are cruel. The private sector historically participates in areas in which the perceived risks are balanced with appropriate compensation, otherwise known as profits. It is at that point that society, through its governmental institutions, can address those individuals who "fall between the cracks." Ginzberg correctly states that government finances about half of the medical care in the United States. However, this does not mean that government bureaucrats have the right to establish their own hospitals, clinics, and other assorted monuments without first placing the provision of these services out to bid with the private sector. Much of the health care problem | 33236261 |
4,510,164 | Physical Properties of Geotextiles Reinforced by Recycled Kevlar Selvages Kevlar fiber are artifical fibers that have been globally commonly used due to their attributes of a high modulus, a low elongation, an impact resistance, a chemical resistance, and thermostability. Therefore, this study proposes nonwoven geotextiles by corporating with recycled Kevlar unidirectoinal selvage with a low production cost, crimped polyester (PET) fibers, and low-melting-point PET (LPET) fibers. The content of LPET fiber is specified as 20 wt%, while the content of Kevlar fiber varies as 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%. The optimal tear strength of 195 N occurs with a content of Kevlar fiber being 20 wt%. | 110000661 |
4,510,165 | Exergetic examination of a novel solar-thermochemical-based integrated system for multigeneration In this paper, a thermodynamic examination of novel solar-thermochemical assisted integrated system is designed for multigeneration purpose. This multigeneration system consists of six sub-systems that are the solar dish collector (SDC) system, double stage-organic Rankine cycle (DS_ORC), organic Rankine cycle (ORC), single effect absorption cooling (SEAC), hybrid magnesium chlorine (Mg-Cl) thermochemical system, and hydrogen liquefaction system. In this regard, the parametric study is given to examine how the whole thermodynamic performance integrated system are affected by way of various factors, such as reference temperature, solar irradiation, thermochemical reaction temperature, compression pressure. Furthermore, the overall energetic, exergetic performance and overall exergy destruction rate of multigeneration system are investigated. The exergy destruction rate and exergetic performance of Mg-Cl cycle are computed as 12,400 kW and 43.85%. Furthermore, the energetic and exergetic efficiency of overall multigeneration system are computed as 54.17% and 50.46%. | 126925811 |
4,510,166 | Do we act upon what we see? Direct effects of alcohol cues in movies on young adults' alcohol drinking. AIMS Ample survey research has shown that alcohol portrayals in movies affect the development of alcohol consumption in youth. Hence, there is preliminary evidence that alcohol portrayals in movies also directly influence viewers' drinking of alcohol while watching movies. One process that might account for these direct effects is imitation. The present study therefore examined whether young people imitate actors sipping alcohol on screen. METHODS We observed sipping behaviours of 79 young adults (ages 18-25) watching a 60-min movie clip, 'What Happens in Vegas', in a semi-naturalistic home setting. Each of the 79 participants was exposed to 25 alcohol cues. Two-level logistic regression analyses were used to analyse whether participants in general imitated actors' sipping during this clip. In addition, we applied proportional hazard models in a survival analysis framework (Cox regression) to test whether there was a difference in imitation of the cues between male and female participants, and to test whether the timing of the actors' sipping throughout the movie played a role. RESULTS The findings showed that participants were more likely to sip in accordance with the actors' sipping than without such a cue. Further, we found that men were more likely to imitate actors' sipping than females and that participants tended to respond to actors' sipping at the beginning of the movie rather than at the end. CONCLUSION Exposure to actors sipping alcohol in a movie seems to have an immediate impact on | 1700311 |
4,510,167 | the drinking behaviour of viewers, via the mechanism of imitation. | 1700311 |
4,510,168 | When Fringe Goes Mainstream: A Sociohistorical Content Analysis of the Christian Coalition's Contract With The American Family and the Republican Party Platform Successful social movements gain an inside voice and reshape the larger system from within. Knowing the extent to which the Christian Right has gained a voice within the Republican Party is vital to understanding the current state of party politics and civil religion in America. This study considers sociohistorical developments in the Christian Right and analyzes the placement of the goals contained within the Christian Coalition's Contract with the American Family in Republican platforms. The goals, which sought the legislation of morality, were in alignment with and an outworking of the larger social and ideological context of the Christian Right and its legitimating myth. Each of the goals of the CAF was placed within the 2000 Republican platform to varying degrees, from increased emphasis on what was already present to shifted focus or new inclusion of previously absent propositions. The incorporation of Coalition goals indicated assimilation of Christian Right ideology within the GOP, precipitated the Coalition's demise as a dissenting social movement organization, and widened the religion gap in American politics. The election of George W. Bush and dominionist interpretation of following events illustrate an increased Christian Right influence from within the Republican Party, which shifted further right in conjunction with the Christian Coalition's decline. | 144532011 |
4,510,169 | Ökologische Beurteilung von Bauinstandsetzungen / Environmental assessment of building restoration Because construction affects our environment to a significant extent, building materials and products have been evaluated in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for several years. The technique aspires to quantify the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. It is used to identify and realize opportunities to improve the environmental aspects of processes, and to compare | 130015211 |
4,510,170 | Post-Hypnotic Amnesia as Disrupted Retrieval: A Role-Playing Paradigm Evans and Kihlstrom (1973) have proposed that the phenomenon of “disrupted retrieval” may be an unobtrusive measure of post-hypnotic amnesia not readily explicable in terms of role-playing or task motivational paradigms of hypnotic behaviour. An attempt was made to test the viability of a role-playing explanation of hypnotic disrupted retrieval by giving equivalent role-playing instructions to carry out hypnosis scale suggestions to unhypnotised subjects. When given the instruction to “pretend” to remember on a few items, unhypnotised subjects recalled items in a random and disorganised manner similar to Evans' and Kilstrom's “hypnotised” subjects; when not given this instruction the unhypnotised subjects showed the sequential organised recall of Evan's and Kihlstrom's hypnotically insusceptible subjects. It was concluded that the phenomenon of disrupted retrieval in post-hypnotic amnesia can readily be explained in terms of the role-playing behaviour implicitly demanded of hypnotically susceptible subjects. | 37688961 |
4,510,171 | Design of transimpedance low-pass filters The input of a transimpedance filter is a current signal, while its output is a voltage signal. In this article, a design method for a transimpedance filter is introduced. Also, the topologies and calculation methods of the parameters of three biquadratic transimpedance low-pass (LP) filter circuits are presented in detail, according to the value of Q which is low or medium or high. As for the high-order filter, it can be designed by transimpedance LP biquad section as first stage cascaded with voltage-mode LP filters. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the design, a design example of a high-order transimpedance LP filter is given. | 108889911 |
4,510,172 | Subjective impacts of dental caries and fluorosis in rural Ugandan children. OBJECTIVE Describe the oral health related quality of life among a group of children in rural Uganda and compare impacts on oral health related quality of life associated with dental caries and fluorosis. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical and questionnaire analytical study. PARTICIPANTS Proportional sample of 174 12 year olds attending primary schools in a rural sub-county of Uganda. OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical assessments using WHO basic methods and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index of Fluorosis (TFI). Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life data collected with self-administered child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14). RESULTS Two thirds of children reported a dental impact 'often' or 'everyday'. The mean number of impacts per child at this threshold was 2.6 and the mean total CPQ11-14 score was 25.8 (sd 21.1). Mean DMFT was 0.68. No children had fillings. Forty-one children had dental fluorosis with 10 having scores greater than 2. CPQ11-14 showed acceptable criterion validity and reliability. The number of sites with gingivitis or the presence of calculus or trauma were not associated with summary measures of CPQ11-14 whereas having any dental caries or treatment experience was associated with higher total scores and more impacts. Socially noticeable fluorosis (TFI >2) was associated with more impacts but not with higher total scores. CONCLUSIONS Despite low levels of oral disease these children experience appreciable impacts on oral health related quality of life. The greatest burden was associated with dental caries and to a lesser extent, fluorosis. | 7131261 |
4,510,173 | THz spectroscopic estimation of water content in human articular cartilage Water distribution of human osteoarthritic articular cartilage has been characterized using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The evaluation of water content in cartilage tissue can be helpful to diagnose the early degenerative joint diseases. The estimated water content in our measurement decreases along the depth of the cartilage tissue and shows a good agreement with the previous results acquired by destructive biochemical methods. | 34717311 |
4,510,174 | A single chip 64*16 broadband switch Conventional space switches encounter speed degradation and are limited in size due to stray capacitances in the crosspoints and their interconnections. A single-chip 64-input*16-output broadband switch that removes these limitations is described. The operation is based on a new switching technique that provides improved speed and increased switch matrix size by isolating each switching crosspoint from the stray capacitive loading in the array. The chip, containing onchip control and decoding, was implemented in 3- mu m CMOS and operates in excess of 150 Mb/s. Computer simulation indicates a potential for 1 Gb/s with 1- mu m CMOS implementation.<<ETX>> | 62044961 |
4,510,175 | Prostaglandin-Mediated Effects on Growth and Markers of Biochemical Development in the Rat Summary: Several markers of growth and biochemical development in the rat were studied after administration of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16, 16DM PGE2). Intermittent administration of PGI2 for 3 days to 10− and 19-day-old animals, with subsequent sacrifice at 14 and 23 days, resulted in significant dose related decreases in growth at 23 days. Total sucrase and maltase (glucoamylase) activities were elevated compared to controls at 14 days. Total activities of these enzymes were decreased in postweaned 23-day-old animals, but specific activities per mg intestinal protein were not significantly different. 16,16DM PGE2 administered continuously between day 10–16 of life caused alterations in growth as well as increases in sucrase and maltase (glucoamylase) activities. Exogenously administered prostaglandins, therefore, are associated with altered growth and markers of biochemical development in the rat. | 12072211 |
4,510,176 | Growth characteristics of the Ross 708 broiler chicken. A growth trial was conducted with the Ross 708 broiler chicken to corroborate the relationships between changes in the growth curve (7 to 35 days) and in vitro metabolic parameters. These in vitro parameters also included estimates of the expression of certain genes regulating proteins implicated with regulation of lipogenesis. Birds were fed diets containing 24% protein from 0 to 14 days of age, 21% from 14 to 26 days of age and 18% protein until 35 days of age. Birds were selected and killed at ages corresponding to protein changes. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to approximate body composition of birds at day 35. The switch from the starter protein level of 24% crude protein to the only slightly lower protein grower diet (21% crude protein) increased both in vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity. A similar observation was noted when the birds were switched to the 18% crude protein finisher diet. These same switches also elicited initial increases in malic enzyme, fatty acids synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase gene expression that were not sustained following adaptation to the dietary change. Data also show that DXA can be used to estimate body composition of this type of bird. | 32926761 |
4,510,177 | Ambient Temperature Deposition Of MgF2 With Noble And Fluorocarbon Ion Assistance We have investigated the properties of magnesium fluoride films made using ion assisted deposition, with argon or Freon as the source gas. The effect of the ion species and residual gases on the chemical, physical, and optical properties have been determined. For all films, the optical performance is strongly depen-dent on the presence of residual oxygen-bearing gases. For the Freon bombarded films the incorporation of carbon is not seen to degrade their transparency, and a more stoichiometric Mg:F ratio is acheived. | 98430061 |
4,510,178 | Size distribution and hormonal responsiveness of dispersed rabbit luteal cells during pseudopregnancy. Due to the evidence for two distinct steroidogenic cell types in corpora lutea of large domestic animals, cells of the rabbit corpus luteum were characterized with respect to cell diameters, relative abundance, steroidogenic capacity and responsiveness to hormones. Pseudopregnancy was induced in New Zealand rabbits by injection of 30-160 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed in 2-4 days by an i.m. injection of 20-35 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Corpora lutea were obtained 2, 5 and 9 days after injection of GnRH and dissociated into single cell suspensions. Suspended steroidogenic cells were incubated (2 h, 37 degrees C) in medium 199 alone or in medium containing ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) (100 ng/ml), or isoproterenol (100 microM). Media were collected and assayed for progesterone content. Secretion of progesterone (means +/- SE, n = 4) was stimulated (p less than 0.05) by oLH on each day: Day 2 = 1.7 +/- 0.2-fold; Day 5 = 3.5 +/- 0.4-fold; and Day 9 = 3.1 +/- 0.6-fold stimulation above controls. Isoproterenol also stimulated (p less than 0.05) secretion of progesterone by suspended luteal cells on Days 2 and 9. Microscopic examination of cell suspensions stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) activity provided identification of cells with steroidogenic capacity. The diameters (means +/- SE) for steroidogenic cells increased (p less than 0.05) from Days 2 to 9 (Day 2 = 15.2 +/- 0.2 micron; Day 5 = 22.4 +/- 0.4 micron; Day 9 = 28.3 +/- 1.6 | 22707061 |
4,510,179 | micron). The large cell to small cell ratio increased from 0.01 on Day 2 to 2.03 on Day 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | 22707061 |
4,510,180 | [Study of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in thyroid papillary cancer]. Metastasis of cancer starts with the penetration of cancer cells through the membrane surrounding the cancer focus into the stroma (extracellular matrix). The focal membrane consists of mainly type-IV collagen. An immunochemical study of 28 patients with benign thyroid nodular diseases and 27 patients with papillary carcinoma revealed the fragmentation of type-IV collagen in 4 patients with papillary carcinoma. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are the major enzymes which decompose type-IV collagen, and they have been suggested to be related to cancer metastasis. Therefore, we conducted biochemical and immunohistochemical studies to determine the relationship between these MMPs and the degree of malignancy in thyroid diseases. The concentration of MMP-2 in the serum of patients with papillary carcinoma and patients with benign nodules was 526.0 +/- 96.6 and 522.7 +/- 114.6 ng/ml, respectively, and that of MMP-9 was 53.8 +/- 40.3 and 39.9 +/- 36.0 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the concentration of either enzyme. The concentration of TIMP-2 in the serum was below the detectable level. On the other hand, the concentration of MMP-2 in the tissue of papillary carcinoma, benign nodules and normal tissue was 12.1 +/- 8.1, 5.7 +/- 4.3, and 0.6 +/- 0.5 ng/mg tissue protein, respectively, and that of MMP-9 was 4.2 +/- 4.1, 2.1 +/- 1.7, and 0.4 +/- 0.3 ng/mg tissue protein, respectively. Concentrations of both enzymes were significantly higher in the papillary carcinoma tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a diffuse granular distribution of MMP-2 | 707811 |
4,510,181 | in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. These findings imply that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are related to the degree of malignancy of cancer, especially metastasis. | 707811 |
4,510,182 | AB0124 Iguratimod, a novel DMARD, inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro Background Iguratimod (T-614), a novel DMARD, was originally discovered by Toyama Chemical. The drug has been reported to have good efficacy in the ACR 20 response rate in the clinical trials on Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Using animal models of arthritis or autoimmune disease, we reported that iguratimod exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects (2). Notably, it was found to show a significant improvement in bone and cartilage destruction in rat type II collagen-induced arthritis (3). Objectives To elucidate the mechanism for improvement effect of iguratimod on the progression of articular destruction, we investigated its effect on osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and compared with other nonbiologic DMARDs. Methods Murine RAW264.7 cells and primary osteoclast precursor monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow (BMMs) were used for experiments. To differentiate into osteoclast-like cells, RAW264.7 cells and BMMs were cultured with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and RANKL + M-CSF, respectively. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)-positive multinucleated (>3 nuclei) cells (MNCs) were counted as osteoclast-like cells, and TRACP activity in the cell lysate was measured using para-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate. Bone resorption activity was measured using fluoresceinated calcium phosphate-coated plate. To examine the effect of iguratimod on nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), expression of NFATc1 was determined by western blot analysis using anti-NFATc1 monoclonal antibody. DNA binding was assessed using TransAM NFATc1 transcriptional factor assay kit. Results Iguratimod remarkably inhibited the increase of TRACP activity in a dose dependent manner | 75885761 |
4,510,183 | (IC50 =0.7 μM) without inhibiting cell proliferation, and decreased the number of TRACP-positive MNCs at 1 μM in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Teriflunomide (active metabolite, leflunomide) also showed inhibitory effect on TRACP activity (IC50 =1.3 μM). On the other hand, reductions of TRACP activity by methotrexate were coincident with inhibition of the cell proliferation. Salazosulfapyridine did not show any clear effects. Similar results were also obtained with assay of TRACP activity in BMMs. Furthermore, iguratimod inhibited the bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Western blot analysis revealed that iguratimod significantly suppressed the NFATc1 expression induced by RANKL-stimulation, but not the DNA binding of NFATc1. Conclusions Iguratimod showed the inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the suppression of NFATc1 expression without blocking the cell proliferation, unlike other DMARDs. These results suggest that such action would contribute to the clinical effect on articular destruction in patients with RA. References Hara M., et al. Efficacy and safety of iguratimod compared with placebo and salazosulfapyridine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study. Mod Rheumatol 2007;17:1-9. Tanaka K, Iguratimod (T-614): A novel disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug. Rheumatol Rep 2009;1:e4. Du F, et al. T-614, a novel immunomodulator, attenuates joint inflammation and articular damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R136. Disclosure of Interest H. Murao Employee of: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., M. Mikami Employee of: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., J. Funaki Employee of: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., K. Muramoto Employee of: Eisai Co., Ltd., K. Tanaka Employee of: Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. | 75885761 |
4,510,184 | Controlling the multi-electron dynamics in the high harmonic spectrum from N2O molecule using TDDFT. In this study, high harmonic generation from a multi-atomic nitrous oxide molecule was investigated. A comprehensive three-dimensional calculation of the molecular dynamics and electron trajectories through an accurate time-dependent density functional theory was conducted to efficiently explore a broad harmonic plateau. The effects of multi-electron and inner orbitals on the harmonic spectrum and generated coherent attosecond pulses were analyzed. The role of the valence electrons in controlling the process and extending the harmonic plateau was investigated. The main issue of producing a super-continuum harmonic spectrum via a frequency shift was considered. The time-frequency representation by means of a wavelet transform of the induced dipole acceleration provided a good insight into the distorted effects from the nonlinear processes in high harmonic emission. The effect of the chirped laser pulse on the production of broadband amplitude was justified in this model. By adjusting the optimal laser parameters to an input intensity of 2.5 × 1014 W cm-2, an isolated 68 as pulse was generated. | 49419111 |
4,510,185 | Diagnosis of mitral insufficiency using impedance cardiography technique ICG Abstract Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a non-invasive tool for assessing the hemodynamic parameters. It has been used for diagnosing several cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, cardio-myopathy, and valvular diseases. Particularly, the valvular heart disease is characterized by the damage in one of the four heart valves: the mitral, aortic, tricuspid or pulmonary valves. The mitral valve insufficiency and the aortic valve stenos are the most frequent valve diseases in the world. In this paper, we propose to diagnosis the mitral valve insufficiency using the impedance cardiography technique. The study group consisted of 40 subjects (20 control subjects and 20 patients with mitral insufficiency). A parameter “I” is calculated from the impedance cardiogram waveform and it is used to differentiate control subjects from patients with mitral insufficiency. The parameter “I” was related significantly to the abnormalities of the impedance cardiogram waveform. For patients with mitral insufficiency, “I” was higher than for the healthy subjects with a difference ratio of 89% (p<0.001). To improve the diagnosis, we determined the stroke volume, cardiac output, and other hemodynamic parameters for the two groups of subjects. Finally, we concluded that we could identify, easily, patients with mitral insufficiency based on the abnormalities of the impedance cardiogram tracings and a characteristic parameter “I”. | 78250361 |
4,510,186 | Different heavy metals have various effects on Picea wilsonii pollen germination and tube growth Heavy metal pollution has became one of the realistic matters of globality. Previous reports indicated that heavy metals could significantly inhibit pollen germination and tube growth. In the present study, comparative studies on the effects of different heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr and Cu) on in-vitro picea wilsonii pollen gernimation and tube growth were carried out. Microscopic evaluation revealed that different heavy metals had various degree of toxicity on P. wilsonii pollen tube development. As showed the most toxic effects on pollen germination, which was followed by Hg and Cd, while Cr and Cu showed relatively lower toxicity. Besides, pollentubes showed varying shapes in response to different heavy metal stress. Pollen tubes treated with Cd, Hg and As were usually characterized by irregularly increasing diameters and swelling tips with distinct cytoplasimic vacuolation. On the other hand, except for the slightly increased diameters, no obvious abnormal shape were observed in tubes treated with Cr or Cu. Lyso-Tracker Green staining indicated that only Cd-treated pollen tubes showed numerous vacuole-like acidic organelles, though cytoplasmic vacuolization were also observed in pollen tubes treated with Hg and A. In brief, our data indicated that different heavy metals have various effects on Picea wilsonii pollen germination and tube growth, and that in-vitro pollen culture might be used as a competent system for biomonitoring of air pollution. | 28677371 |
4,510,187 | Performance change of managers in two different uses of upward feedback: a longitudinal study in Korea Using longitudinal data collected over a seven-year period, we explored the effectiveness of upward feedback programs in changing managerial behaviors over time. We also examined the different impact of upward feedback programs used for two different purposes (developmental vs. administrative) on the performance (i.e. upward ratings) of R&D managers. We found that managers who initially performed poorly showed more performance improvement than those whose initial performance was good. We also found that managers' performance improved more when the upward feedback program was used for administrative purposes than when used for developmental purposes. We noted a significant performance improvement at the time when the purpose of upward feedback program changed from developmental to administrative. Herein, we discuss the practical and theoretical implications of integrating upward feedback programs into standard corporate practice. | 154865621 |
4,510,188 | Apparatus used for small-scale volatile extraction from ethanol-supplemented low-salt miso and GC-MS characterization of the extracted flavors. An extraction apparatus was equipped with a nitrogen-flushing vessel to purge volatiles from a 10-g miso prepared solution at 40 degrees C, a reflux condenser to recover water, a coiled cold-trap to separate ethanol in advance, and a glass-lined stainless (GLS) trap filled with Tenax TA for flavor adsorption. Volatiles in the GLS tube were released with a thermal desorption device and condensed with a Micro-cryo trap prior to connection with GC and GC-MS for characterization. After analysis, a broad volatile profile comprising 9 categories of functional group and 97 identified compounds was achieved. As affected by ethanol supplementation for miso fermentation, most volatiles except alcohols and acetals in the low-salt products fermented with 5% NaCl and 7.5% ethanol were higher than those in the control products fermented with 9% NaCl and 0% ethanol and the high-ethanol supplemented products fermented with 5% NaCl and 15% ethanol. It reveals that supplementation of ethanol in miso at an appropriate level not only enabled a low-salt miso fermentation but also enhanced flavor formation. | 19399871 |
4,510,189 | 17β-Estradiol Potentiates Kainate-Induced Currents via Activation of the cAMP Cascade Evidence for nongenomic actions of steroids is now coming from a variety of fields of steroid research. Mechanisms of steroid action are being studied with regard to the membrane receptors and the activation of second messengers. The present study investigated the mechanism for the rapid effect of estrogen on acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 neurons by using the whole-cell, voltage-clamp recording. Under the perforated patch configuration, 17β-estradiol potentiated kainate-induced currents in 38% of tested neurons. The potentiation was stereospecific, rapid in onset, and reversible after the removal of the steroid. Dose–response curves show that the potentiation by 17β-estradiol was evident at a concentration as low as 10 nm and saturated at 10 μm. 17β-Estradiol did not affect the kinetics (i.e., affinity and cooperativity) and reversal potential of kainate-induced currents. This suggests that the potentiation did not result from direct interaction with kainate receptors nor the activation of ion channels other than kainate receptor-channels. The potentiation by 17β-estradiol was similar to the enhancement of kainate-induced currents evoked by 8-bromo-cAMP, and was modulated by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (IBMX). The estrogen potentiation was blocked by a specific blocker of PKA (Rp-cAMPS). Under standard recording configuration, the effect was significantly affected by intracellular perfusing with GDP-β-S or GTP-γ-S. The data suggest that the potentiation of kainate-induced currents by 17β-estradiol was likely a G-protein(s) coupled, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation event. By involvement of this nongenomic mechanism, estrogen may play a role in the modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. | 34234621 |
4,510,190 | Carrier Supporting Carrier: With Customer Carrier Providing MPLS VPN Services to User Sites To connect geographically separated customer sites and to implement VPNs, most service providers are adopting MPLS technology. MPLSVPN is a service provides quality of service and secured private connection to exchange the information between two customer's sites connected to the ISP situated in distinct geographical areas. If the ISP doesn't have interconnectivity of their own areas where the customer sites are available, the provision of MPLSVPNs can be done by using the transport services of another ISP i.e. Carrier Supporting Carrier. In this project, we threw some light on a new method of providing MPLSVPN service between the branches of a customer connected to one ISP using Carrier Supporting Carrier methodology. The Carrier, who is supporting the other Carrier in the interconnection of their areas will treat this connection as an MPLSVPN at both ends and delivers traffic from one area to other area. Carrier can use that link to send internet / VPN Traffic as per their requirement. | 57376371 |
4,510,191 | Crashworthiness Analysis for Structural Stability and Dynamics In this paper, we fabricate human DNA and polar bear inspired thin-walled tube that tends to reduce the strength of decelerating force during impact, while escalating the amount of energy absorbed. The crashworthiness performance under axial impact is investigated using experimental analysis and non-linear finite element analysis (FEA). The investigation is conducted in three phases; the first phase consists of the design and fabrication of a novel bio-inspired tube (BIT) motivated by the most stable human DNA. Twelve BITs are created by filling cylindrical tubes into different positions of the BIT, which was inspired by the microstructural of polar bear hair. The second phase comprises the nonlinear FEA of energy-absorbed ability for different BITs under axial impact loading using LS-DYNA software, and then validated by the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) theorem. In the third phase, Radial Basis Function (RBF) meta-models and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are used for the multi-objective optimization design of BIT-11. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to confirm the crash behavior and energy absorption (EA) characteristics of the optimal structure over a base one. Based on the results, the suited configuration with required performance in crashworthiness is suggested, which should be incorporated into automobiles for safety consideration of passengers during an impact. The results show an increment of 49% in Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), suggesting the better choice of a particular tube over the base tube. | 229502871 |
4,510,192 | Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotor adaptation of a large-bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle eocene of Myanmar. A well-preserved fossil talus [National Museum of Myanmar Primates (NMMP) 82] of a large-bodied primate is described from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar. The specimen was collected at Thandaung Kyitchaung, a well-known amphipithecid primate-bearing locality near the village of Mogaung. NMMP 82 adds to a meager but growing sample of postcranial remains documenting the large-bodied primates of the Pondaung Formation. This new talus exhibits a suite of features that resemble conditions found in living and fossil haplorhine primates, notably anthropoids. As such, the phylogenetic signal deriving from the morphology of NMMP 82 conflicts with that provided by NMMP 20, a partial skeleton (including a fragmentary calcaneus) of a second large-bodied Pondaung primate showing undoubted adapiform affinities. Analysis subtalar joint compatibility in a hypothetical NMMP 82/NMMP 20 combination (talus/calcaneus) reveals a substantial degree of functional mismatch between these two tarsal bones. The functional incongruence in subtalar joint morphology between NMMP 20 and NMMP 82 is consistent with the seemingly divergent phylogenetic affinities of these specimens, indicating that two higher level taxa of relatively large-bodied primates are documented in the Pondaung Formation. On the basis of its size and morphology, we refer the NMMP 82 talus to the large-bodied amphipithecid Pondaungia. The occurrence of anthropoid-like tali in the Pondaung Formation obviates the need to invoke homoplasy to explain the shared, derived dental characters that are common to amphipithecids and undoubted anthropoids. Functionally, the NMMP 82 | 36780951 |
4,510,193 | talus appears to have pertained to a primate that is engaged in active quadrupedalism in an arboreal environment along broad and subhorizontal branches. The primate taxon represented by NMMP 82 was capable of climbing and leaping, although it was not particularly specialized for either of these activities. | 36780951 |
4,510,194 | THE FOCUS OF SKILLS IN EDUCATION AND THE DESIGN INDUSTRY With the constant technological, social and cultural changes facing the design industry, there is a pressure on design courses to maintain an agile focus on teaching the most relevant skills. It is the student that is faced with the choice of specialisation and of which skills to concentrate on during their limited study time in order to ensure a successful career in the future. But what skills do students and faculty perceive to have the highest value? And how do those compare to the skills valued in the industry? | 203237051 |
4,510,195 | Susceptibility of ponies to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (capsular type 3) Welsh Mountain ponies were inoculated with an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, SPE 1618 (capsular type 3) recovered from the equine respiratory tract: 10 ml of a suspension of 10(8) or 10(9) cfu/ml were instilled intratracheally. Fever was observed after either dose but the greater concentration also produced coughing, ocular and nasal discharge, depression and enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes. Cytological evidence of infection was also observed in tracheal washings during the first week after inoculation and corresponded with isolation of S. pneumoniae from the washes. Morbid anatomical and histopathological examinations of selected animals revealed focal pneumonia affecting the ventral lung, especially the cardiac area and accessory lobe, with a propensity to affect the right lung. S. pneumoniae was isolated directly in pure culture from these lesions or was demonstrable by immunostaining of macrophages bearing specific capsular type 3 antigen. By 10 days after inoculation, the ponies were healthy and had developed antibodies to S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae was therefore a primary pathogen in the horse under the conditions of the challenge. | 22361351 |
4,510,196 | Convex modeling for optimal battery sizing and control of an electric variable transmission powertrain This paper provides convex modeling steps for the problem of optimal battery sizing and energy management of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with an electric variable transmission. Optimal energy management is achieved by a switched model control, with driving modes identified by the engine on/off state. In pure electric mode, convex optimization is used to find the optimal torque split between two electric machines, in order to maximize powertrain efficiency. In hybrid mode, optimization is performed in a bilevel program. One level optimizes speed of a compound unit that includes the engine and electric machines. Another level optimizes the power split between the compound unit and the battery. The proposed method is used to minimize the total cost of ownership of a passenger vehicle for a daily commuter, including costs for battery, fossil fuel and electricity. | 88490101 |
4,510,197 | Enantioselective, palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of N-Boc pyrrolidine: in situ react IR spectroscopic monitoring, scope, and synthetic applications. A comprehensive study of the enantioselective Pd-catalyzed α-arylation of N-Boc pyrrolidine has been carried out. The protocol involves deprotonation of N-Boc pyrrolidine using s-BuLi/(-)-sparteine in TBME or Et(2)O at -78 °C, transmetalation with ZnCl(2) and Negishi coupling using Pd(OAc)(2), t-Bu(3)P-HBF(4) and the aryl bromide. This paper reports several new features including in situ React IR spectroscopic monitoring of the process; use of (-)-sparteine and the (+)-sparteine surrogate to access products with opposite configuration; development of a catalytic asymmetric lithiation-Negishi coupling reaction; extension to a wide range of heteroaromatic bromides; total synthesis of (R)-crispine A, (S)-nicotine and (S)-SIB-1508Y via short synthetic routes; and examples of α-vinylation of N-Boc pyrrolidine using vinyl bromides exemplified by the total synthesis of naturally occurring (+)-maackiamine (thus establishing its configuration as (R)). In this way, the full scope and limitations of the methodology are delineated. | 27428551 |
4,510,198 | Full-field wafer warpage measurement technique An innovative moiré technique for full-field wafer warpage measurement is proposed in this study. The wafer warpage measurement technique is developed based on moiré method, Talbot effect, scanning profiling method, stroboscopic, instantaneous phase-shift method, as well as four-step phase shift method, high resolution, high stability and full-field measurement capabilities can be easily achieved. According to the proposed full-field optical configuration, a laser beam is expanded into a collimated beam with a 2-inch diameter and projected onto the wafer surface. The beam is reflected by the wafer surface and forms a moiré fringe image after passing two circular gratings, which is then focused and captured on a CCD camera for computation. The corresponding moiré fringes reflected from the wafer surface are obtained by overlapping the images of the measuring grating and the reference grating. The moiré fringes will shift when wafer warpage occurs. The phase of the moiré fringes will change proportionally to the degree of warpage in the wafer, which can be measured by detecting variations in the phase shift of the moiré fringes in each detection points on the surface of the entire wafer. The phase shift variations of each detection points can be calculated via the instantaneous phase-shift method and the four-step phase-shift method. By adding up the phase shift variations of each detection points along the radii of the circular gratings, the warpage value and surface topography of the wafer can be obtained. Experiments show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining test results similar to that | 136201351 |
4,510,199 | of a commercial sensor, as well as performing accurate measurements under high speed rotation of 1500rpm. As compared to current warpage measurement methods such as the beam optical method, confocal microscopy, laser interferometry, shadow moiré method, and structured light method, this proposed technique has the advantage of full-field measurement, high resolution, stability and adaptability. | 136201351 |
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