id
int64 0
4.51M
| text
stringlengths 1
10.1k
| doc_id
stringlengths 2
9
|
|---|---|---|
4,510,200 | Iconic Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes. METHOD The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers. All participants took a partial report test (PRT) to compare iconic memory performance between the healthy control group and the OCD group as a whole and in OCD subgroups. RESULTS Loss of iconic memory did not differ between OCD group and the controls. The iconic memory scores, expressed as the d' values, at specified time points correlated negatively with age and positively with education duration in all groups. When the subgroup data were analyzed by controlling for age, the d1'value showing formation of iconic information was lower in the washers subgroup in comparison to the checkers subgroup and the nonwashers and non-checkers subgroup. The d7' value was also lower in the washers subgroup than in the the non-washers and non-checkers subgroup and the healthy control group. The iconic decay rate of the washers subgroup between the time points d6' and d7' was significantly higher in comparison to the healthy control group. The scores of OCD patients on the washing subscale of the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) showed negative correlations with the iconic memory scores at | 234120801 |
4,510,201 | all time points. CONCLUSION This study showed that washer OCD patients may have impaired iconic formation and fast iconic decay, which could significantly affect the amount of information transferred to visual memory. | 234120801 |
4,510,202 | [The treatment of nonpalpable breast lesions. Our experience]. Thanks to the diffusion of the clinico-mammographic screening, in the last ten years a considerable increase of breast carcinomas diagnosed in a subclinical stage has been registered. The authors report the preliminary results of their experience in nonpalpable lesions of the breast and confirm the validity of conservative surgery for their treatment. Nonpalpable breast carcinomas must be considered as an early stage of palpable T1 tumors, for which validity of conservative surgery is largely demonstrated. Moreover, results are not compromised by possible multicentricity and/or positivity of axillary lymph nodes. | 45899901 |
4,510,203 | Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial | 240853051 |
4,510,204 | system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations. | 240853051 |
4,510,205 | Bureaucracy, trust and time: recruitment in a low-risk study of paediatric protocols forchildren who miss medicalappointments As Roe et al 1 point out, failing to ensure access to paediatric appointments has implications for a range of outcomes, including safeguarding. Here we report challenges we experienced in finding out from the frontline how protocols intended to address this problem are experienced on the ground. Following our did not attend (DNA)2 3 studies, we reviewed recruitment notes on our attempts to talk to people tasked with producing or implementing these protocols. After speedy institutional ethics review, we required research and development (R&D) approval from each trust where we had identified a relevant DNA protocol in order to ask potential interviewees if we could talk to them. R&D contacts were helpful but risk-averse. Challenges included … | 206861301 |
4,510,206 | A Fast and High-Performance Object Proposal Method for Vision Sensors: Application to Object Detection Use of the object proposal method as a preprocessing step for object detection of vision sensors has improved computational efficiency in recent years. Good object proposal methods require high object detection recall, low computational cost, good localization accuracy, and repeatability. However, existing methods cannot always achieve a good balance of performance. To solve this problem, we propose a fast and high-performance object proposal algorithm. First, we propose a construction method to enhance frequency features that are combined with a linear classifier to learn and generate a set of proposal boxes. Second, we propose a strategy of binarizing frequency features and classifiers to accelerate the calculation. Last, we propose a merging strategy to improve the localization quality of the proposal boxes. Empirically, for the VOC2007 and MSCOCO2017 datasets using the intersection over union (IOU) threshold of 0.5 and 104 proposals, our method achieves 99.3% object detection recall, 81.1% mean average best overlap, and 80% mean repeatability with an average time of 0.0014 seconds per image. The average time is three times faster than the current fastest method, and the mean repeatability is 11% higher than that of the region proposal network (RPN) method. We applied our method to the target detection of autonomous vehicles, and in the experiment with the Oxford RobotCar dataset, we achieved 95.6% detection precision and 91.2% detection recall. This work could provide a new way to improve real-time performance and detection accuracy in the object detection of visual sensors. | 248754001 |
4,510,207 | Tableau-Like Automata-Based Axiomatization for Propositional Linear Temporal Logic Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (PLTL) is a very popular formalism for specification and verification of computer programs and systems. This extended abstract sketches a tableau-like axiomatization for PLTL based on automata-theoretic decision procedure coupled with tableau for local model checking of the propositional µ-Calculus. Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (PLTL) is a very popular formalism for specification and verification of computer programs and systems [6, 1]. Fundamental results on decidability, model checking, and axiomatization for PLTL have become a part of the Computer Science classics [3, 9]. The axiomatization issues for PLTL have been studied first on base of modal logic tradition [4]. But tableau and tableau-base decision procedure for PLTL have been developed with aid of automata-theoretic technique also [10]. The talk will present sound and complete experimental tableau-like axiomatization for PLTL. This axiomatization is automata decision procedure for PTLP augmented by model checking deciding automata as a finite model. A deduction strategy within the axiomatization consists of a number of stages. These stages are sketched below along with outlines of the approach. First we introduce the rewriting rules that eliminate negations outside literals and emulate subformulae of all until constructs (U) by new propositional symbols. The rules preserve tautologies and lead to a so-called simple formulae. Then we study a special class of automata on infinite words. An automaton in this class accepts an infinite word as soon as it enters any accepting control state. A (fairness) constraint is a set of input symbols. An infinite word | 2775451 |
4,510,208 | meets the constraint iff all specified symbols occur finite number of times at most. The halting (termination) problem with the constraint consists in checking whether an automaton accepts every infinite word that meets the constraint; if it is the case than we say that the automaton totally accepts the constraint. We prove that the problem is decidable 1 . At the next step we translate simple formulae of PTLP into automata with fairness constraint. Control states of the automata are finite sets of formulae. The main property of this translation follows: a formula is a tautology iff the automaton totally accepts the constraint. After that we consider automata as finite labeled transition systems (i.e. Kripke structures) for the propositional µ-Calculus of D. Kozen (µC) [5], and encode the halting problem with constrains by a particular formula of µC. An automaton totally accepts a constraint iff the formula holds in some initial state of the corresponding model. In simple words: we interpret halting problem with fairness constraint(s) as the local model checking problem for some fixed formula of the propositional µ-Calculus. | 2775451 |
4,510,209 | On a non-local equation arising in population dynamics We study a one-dimensional non-local variant of Fisher's equation describing the spatial spread of a mutant in a given population, and its generalization to the so-called monostable nonlinearity. The dispersion of the genetic characters is assumed to follow a non-local diffusion law modelled by a convolution operator. We prove that, as in the classical (local) problem, there exist travelling-wave solutions of arbitrary speed beyond a critical value and also characterize the asymptotic behaviour of such solutions at infinity. Our proofs rely on an appropriate version of the maximum principle, qualitative properties of solutions and approximation schemes leading to singular limits. | 3828751 |
4,510,210 | A superconducting diplexer for cosmic microwave background experiments Cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies require observations in several frequency bands simultaneously. For example, the detection of clusters of remote galaxies can be performed by comparing CMB photon fluxes at different frequencies, using the spectral deformation of the Planck law, due to the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect. We propose a single pixel design to receive and detect simultaneously two frequency bands of the (CMB), centered at 150 and 220 GHz. It is composed of a bow-tie antenna, sensitive to the polarization of the incident radiation, feeding a diplexer structure to separate the signal towards two kinetic inductance resonators associated respectively with the 130–170 and 200–270 GHz frequency bands. The diplexer makes use of 150 nm thick niobium-based superconducting transmission lines of the coplanar strip-lines (CPS) type, for filtering and separation purposes, deposited on a 30 μm thick quartz substrate. A new coplanar matching structure, taking into account the kinetic inductance of the superconducting films, is proposed and achieves a nearly perfect match over more than 25% of each frequency band, along with a signal separation ratio above 30 dB at both center frequencies. The size of a single pixel is 0.9 mm × 1.2 mm. | 122528201 |
4,510,211 | Ascorbic acid effect on ethanol sensitivity via possible dopaminergic mediation. Mice were injected with 0, 107, 215, 430, or 1720 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. Thirty min later they were tested for ethanol (3.5 g/kg) induced sleep time. Brain ethanol levels were determined upon awakening. Another group of mice were tested for apomorphine (3 mg/kg) induced locomotor activity also 30 min after ascorbic acid injection. Ascorbic acid in doses above 215 mg/kg augmented ethanol sleep time up to 210% at the highest doses, the increase being significant from 430 mg/kg. Brain ethanol levels upon awakening were reduced by ascorbic acid treatment; this reduction was significant at 1720 mg/kg dose. Ascorbic acid decreased apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in a dose response manner that paralleled the ascorbic acid increase of ethanol sleep time. At the highest dose of ascorbic acid, apomorphine-induced locomotor activity was completely eliminated. It is suggested that ascorbic acid increases brain sensitivity to ethanol by lowering the activity of dopamine receptors. | 13057351 |
4,510,212 | The Use of Generalization Gradients for the Study of Mediational Processes. In Experiment I three groups (N = 60 college students) were presented with a 60° training stimulus (TS) and subsequently tested for generalization along a line-tilt dimension with the use of an asymmetrical test series. During training, one group labeled the TS with a high-imagery word, another with a low-imagery word, while a third served as a no-label control. While the control group showed an expected central tendency shift, the shift was completely inhibited for the high-imagery group. The low-imagery group's gradient appeared to show a partial inhibition effect, although statistical confirmation for a differential imagery effect was not obtained. In Experiment II (N = 180 college students) three words of high and three of low imagery were employed as labels. While the control condition resulted in a central tendency shift, both labeling conditions produced complete inhibition, indicating that verbal pretraining produces inhibitory effects regardless of the labels employed. The findings were discussed in terms of the acquired-distinctiveness-of-cues hypothesis. | 31220601 |
4,510,213 | [Problems concerning pedestrians run over while in prone position]. By the analysis of 54 traffic accidents involving prone, run-over people it is shown that the vast majority were drunken males who lay on the road during the night and were there driven over. There are many reasons for the "lying on the road" including, falling due to sickness, voluntary lying for suicide, falling of lying due to an alcoholic condition. For evidence respectively exclusion a previous accident, the clothing must be precisely examined for trace evidence (textile changes, transfer of paint, glass fragments, tyretread patterns, skidmarks from shoes). An analysis of skin, bones and internal organs indicates the cause of the injuries (driving into, throwing on to, throwing off and rolling over). | 7507951 |
4,510,214 | Naloxone for shock. BACKGROUND There is pre-clinical evidence, involving several animal species, suggesting that opioid peptides play a role in the physiopathology of shock (endotoxic, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, spinal, anaphylactic). Many case reports have suggested that naloxone (an opiate antagonist) might be an effective treatment for shock in humans, but others have not supported such a point of view. This controversy led us to undertake a meta-analysis of the available evidence on the efficacy of naloxone as a treatment measure of shock in humans. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of naloxone in human shock and to estimate the methodological quality of the clinical trials. SEARCH STRATEGY Computerized bibliographic search up to December 2002, review of references of all papers found on the subject and contact with primary investigators of eligible studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials evaluating naloxone in human shock, regardless of the patient's age (adult, child or neonate). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three independent reviewers extracted data on study design, intervention, outcome and methodological quality. MAIN RESULTS Three independent readers reviewed 80 human publications and selected six clinical trials. Overall agreement on study selection was perfect (concordance: 100%). This meta-analysis includes six studies involving 126 patients with septic, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic or spinal shock. Naloxone therapy was associated with statistically significant hemodynamic improvement (odds ratio 0.24; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.09-0.68). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the naloxone groups than in the placebo groups (weighted mean difference: +9.33 mmHg; 95%CI 7.07-11.59). No heterogeneity was found for this outcome. The death rate | 21476801 |
4,510,215 | was lower in the naloxone group (odds ratio 0.59; 95%CI 0.21-1.67) but this was consistent with the play of chance. A significant heterogeneity for the latter outcome was detected (p<0.05). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Naloxone improves blood pressure, especially mean arterial blood pressure. However, the clinical usefulness of naloxone to treat shock remains to be determined, and additional randomized controlled trials are needed to assess its usefulness. | 21476801 |
4,510,216 | Effects of erythropoietin and androgens on erythroid stem cells after their selective suppression by BCNU. A single injection of BCNU (LD-10 range) caused in mice a prolonged suppression of erythropoiesis, whereas granulopoiesis recovered within a few days. The suppression of erythropoiesis was due to a delayed restoration of erythropoietin-responsive cells (ERC), although the CFU were only moderately suppressed and ranged from 30% to 60% of normal. Daily erythropoietin injections promptly restored normal ERC populations without affecting CFU. Injections of androgens after BCNU had no effect on ERC restoration, but they markedly enhanced CFU regeneration and caused neutrophil counts up to ten times normal. | 11761151 |
4,510,217 | The viability and performance under hot conditions of featherless broilers versus fully feathered broilers. Hot conditions decrease the difference between ambient temperature (AT) and the average temperature of the body surface. A smaller difference reduces the rate of sensible heat loss of excessive internal heat, elevates the body temperature (BT), and may lead to mortality during heat waves. Under conditions of chronic heat, broilers avoid lethal BT elevation by reducing their feed intake; consequently, growth rate and meat yield are lower. Practices to avoid hot conditions are costly, whereas breeding for heat tolerance offers a sustainable approach. Being featherless was shown to provide heat tolerance; this was reevaluated in experimental broilers with a growth rate similar to that of contemporary commercial broilers. In experiment 1, 26 featherless birds and 49 feathered siblings (sibs) were reared at warm AT and exposed to moderate and acute heat waves. The featherless birds maintained normal BT under a moderate heat wave, with a slight elevation under an acute heat wave, and only 1 bird died. In contrast, the heat waves led to a significant elevation in BT of the feathered sibs, and 34% of them died. In experiment 2, featherless broilers were compared with feathered sibs and commercial broilers at 2 AT treatments: a constant temperature of 25°C (control AT) or a constant temperature of 35°C (hot AT). The birds were reared to 46 or 53 d at the control and hot AT, respectively, and the measured traits included BT, growth, and weight of the whole body and carcass parts | 20605501 |
4,510,218 | (breast meat, legs, wings, and skin). At the hot AT, only the featherless broilers maintained a normal BT; their mean d 46 BW (2,031g) was significantly higher than that of birds maintained at the control AT, and it increased to 2,400 g on d 53, much higher than the corresponding means of all feathered broilers (approximately 1,700 g only). Featherless broilers had significantly higher breast meat yield (approximately 20% in both AT), lower skin weight, and supposedly better wing quality. These results confirmed that being featherless improved the livability and performance of fast-growing broilers in hot conditions and suggests that introduction of the featherless phenotype into commercial broiler stocks would facilitate highly efficient yet low-cost production of broiler meat under hot conditions. | 20605501 |
4,510,219 | Ganglioside GD1a Restores Infectibility to Mouse Cells Lacking Functional Receptors for Polyomavirus ABSTRACT Recent investigations on the pathway of cell entry by polyomavirus (Py) and simian virus 40 (SV40) have defined specific gangliosides as functional receptors mediating virus binding and transport from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (B. Tsai et al., EMBO J. 22:4346-4355, 2003; Gilbert and Benjamin, in press). These studies were carried out with C6 rat glioma cells, a heterologous host chosen for its known deficiency in ganglioside biosynthesis. Here, a cell genetic approach was undertaken to identify components required for the early steps of infection using mouse cells as the natural host for Py. Receptor-negative (R−) mouse cells, screened based on resistance to Py infection, were shown to bind Py but failed to allow entry of the virus. R− cells were also found to be resistant to SV40. Infectibility was restored or enhanced by the addition of the same specific gangliosides found in earlier studies with C6 cells. In one R− line, overexpression of caveolin-1 also increased infectibility. These results support and extend findings on gangliosides in lipid rafts as functional receptors and mediators of internalization for Py and SV40. | 37758551 |
4,510,220 | Theory of Nonadiabatic Superconductivity All high-temperature superconductors (and especially the C60 compounds) are characterized by a small Fermi energy (EF), of the order of the maximum phonon frequency (ωD). We generalize therefore the many-body theory of superconductivity to the nonadiabatic case (ωD/EF ≠ 0). This implies the breakdown of Migdal's theorem and it requires the inclusion of vertex renormalization and higher-order diagrams in the self-consistent gap equation. We show that these nonadiabatic effects produce a strong enhancement of Tc with respect to the usual theory (McMillan). The observed values of Tc for the C60 compounds and for the cuprates can be naturally obtained within the present theory with normal values for the electron-phonon coupling λ. In addition we predict an anomalous behaviour for the isotope effect. | 250768651 |
4,510,221 | Mutations affecting the superantigen activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B As a superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) possesses the ability to bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and be recognized by T cells bearing certain T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ alleles. Other investigators have utilized site‐specific mutagenesis to generate amino acid substitutions to identify residues that may be involved in the interaction with the TCR β‐chain. In an attempt further to define the face of the SEB molecule involved in the interaction with the β‐chain, we have employed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based, site‐specific mutagenesis method to generate amino acid substitutions with altered superantigen activity. Our results show that valine at position 169 appears to be involved in the function of this superantigen, since each of several substitutions at this position exhibit a significantly reduced ability to induce T‐cell proliferation. Analysis of the responding T cells to the residue 169 substitution shows that the mutant toxins maintain TCR Vβ selectivity. At the same time, mutation of the proximal histidine at position 166 does not alter the superantigen activity of SEB. Radiolabelled binding analysis of these H166 and V169 mutants shows that class II‐binding activity is not significantly altered. When viewed in the context of other results reported in the literature, combined with the crystal structure of the toxin, our results suggest that the interaction with the TCR probably involves SEB residues which ring a cavity along one side of the toxin molecule. | 41677501 |
4,510,222 | RNA "traffic lights": an analytical tool to monitor siRNA integrity. The combination of thiazole orange and thiazole red as an internal energy transfer-based fluorophore pair in oligonucleotides provides an outstanding analytical tool to follow DNA/RNA hybridization through a distinct fluorescence color change from red to green. Herein, we demonstrate that this concept can be applied to small interfering RNA (siRNA) to monitor RNA integrity in living cells in real time with a remarkable dynamic range and excellent contrast ratios in cellular media. Furthermore, we show that our siRNA-sensors still possess their gene silencing function toward the knockdown of enhanced green fluorescent protein in CHO-K1 cells. | 10449401 |
4,510,223 | Letters to the Editor both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. The public are looking for accountability from the medical profession, and the introduction of such an examination would no doubt further the former of these wishes. Whether acquiescence to public desires is desirable is an entirely different matter! Foreign medical graduates have a notoriously dif®cult time when coming to this country ± again, competence is often not considered. In the US all doctors have to pass the same set of exams and, again, this favours direct and fair competition. Studies have also shown in this country that those doctors with foreign sounding names, even those qualifying here, are less likely to be short-listed for interview. A standardized exam would again contribute to the elimination of such practices ± it is far harder to discriminate when comparing like with like. To summarize, USMLE-style national medical undergraduate examinations would not bring an end to the woes of medicine, but I believe it would provide clear bene®ts to those most deserving, help eliminate unfair practices, as well as adding transparency to job selection; a truly positive step. | 71867751 |
4,510,224 | Dissociation of energy selected Sn(CH3)4(+), Sn(CH3)3Cl+, and Sn(CH3)3Br+ ions: evidence for isolated excited state dynamics. The dissociation dynamics of Sn(CH(3))(4)(+), Sn(CH(3))(3)Cl(+), and Sn(CH(3))(3)Br(+) were investigated by threshold photoelectron photoion spectrometry using an electron imaging apparatus (iPEPICO) at the Swiss Light Source. The tetramethyltin ion was found to dissociate via Sn(CH(3))(4)(+) → Sn(CH(3))(3)(+) + CH(3) → Sn(CH(3))(2)(+) + 2CH(3), while the trimethyltin halide ions dissociated via methyl loss at low energies, and a competitive halogen loss at somewhat higher energies. The 0 K methyl loss onset for the three ions was found to be 9.410 ± 0.020 eV, 10.058 ± 0.020 eV, and 9.961 ± 0.020 eV, respectively. Statistical theory could not reproduce the observed onsets for the halogen loss steps in the halotrimethyltin ions. The halide loss signal as a function energy mimicked the excited state threshold photoelectron spectrum, from which we conclude that the halide loss from these ions takes place on an isolated excited state potential energy surface, which we describe by time dependent density functional calculations. The sequential loss of a second methyl group in the Sn(CH(3))(4)(+) ion, observed at about 3 eV higher energies than the first one, is also partially non-statistical. The derived product energy distribution resulting from the loss of the first methyl group is two-component with about 50% being statistical and the remainder associated with high translational energy products that peak at 2 eV. Time dependent DFT calculations show that a dissociative ͠B state lies in the vicinity of the experimental measurements. We thus propose that 50% of the | 44933501 |
4,510,225 | Sn(CH(3))(4)(+) ions produced in this energy range internally convert to the ͠X state, on which they dissociate statistically, while the remainder dissociate directly from the repulsive ͠B state leading to high kinetic energy products. | 44933501 |
4,510,226 | Fuzzy dissipativity design for global disturbance rejection of the nonlinear benchmark problem Nonlinear Benchmark Problem Yi Guo , David J. Hill , Zhong-Ping Jiang Department of Electrical Engineering The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, AUSTRALIA Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract| In this paper, we study the fuzzy dissipativity design method and apply it to the nonlinear benchmark problem. By representing the nonlinear system with a dynamical fuzzy model and then rendering each local subsystem dissipative, a global control law can be obtained by smooth aggregation of the local controllers. This method avoids solving the global nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi inequality but achieves global disturbance rejection for the closed loop system. | 10096951 |
4,510,227 | Real‐time aspiration‐biopsy transducer In vitro and in vivo experience with a real‐time aspiration‐biopsy transducer indicates that the advantage of this instrument is that it permits the examiner to monitor the movement of the structure being aspirated or biopsied, as well as the movements of adjacent organs, while the needle tip is being inserted into the structure. When the needle tip is inserted into the skin, a strong acoustic shadow is produced along the path of the needle, indicating the optimum position for aspiration and biopsy. Within fluid‐filled areas the needle tip is imaged consistently. For solid‐organ biopsies, the movement of the structure of interest as well as the acoustic‐shadow path of the needle can be consistently observed, but the needle tip is recorded with more difficulty. | 33336351 |
4,510,228 | Differentiation of self, religious coping, and subjective well-being ABSTRACT This study examined the relationships between differentiation of self (DoS), religious coping, and subjective well-being in a sample of undergraduate students at a religiously affiliated university. Intrapersonal DoS or the ability to (1) experience emotions, but (2) not be forced to respond to them is an important capacity for self-regulation with important implications for well-being and spiritual maturity. In this study, DoS was a potential method for understanding one’s emotional experience, and perhaps facilitated respondents’ use of a more collaborative religious coping style to manage this experience. | 152139701 |
4,510,229 | Comparison of Bothropoides jararaca bites with and without envenoming treated at the Hospital Vital Brazil of Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil Introduction: In Brazil, 90% of the venomous snake bites are caused by Bothrops, Bothropoides, Bothriopsis, Bothrocophias and Rhinocerophis , predominantly from hot and rainy months. Bothropoides jararaca is widespread in the south, southeastern and part of the northeastern Brazil. D ue to the fact they have great adaptative capacity, it is the predominate species in Sao Paulo City and neighborhood. Material and Methods: A r etrospective study was made in patients bitten by Bothropoides jararaca (n= 792) between 1990 to 2004 in Hospital Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The data was obtained from medical records. Results: The majority of the cases in this study were caused by female and juvenile snakes. No stomach contents were found in 93.4% of the snake specimens. There was no statistical difference between the occurrence of dry bites and maturity or sex of the snake. We observed that necrosis was more common in the digits of the feet and hands (4.8%) compared to the other body regions (1.8%). Significant difference was found between severity and time interval greater than 6 hours between the bite and hospital admission. We found a significant association between gingival bleeding and abnormal blood coagulability. It was observed that in accidents caused by adult snakes, necrosis was more frequent (7.2%) when compared to accidents caused by juvenile snakes (1%). Conclusion: On this work we highlight the association between some epidemiological data and biological parameters evolved in | 80549001 |
4,510,230 | the clinical picture of Bothrops -like accidents, contributing to improvement of the snake bite assistance. | 80549001 |
4,510,231 | Stochastic Computing for Sub-0.2V Applications—Technology Evaluation and Design Optimization Energy efficiency has been a big concern for the IC industry. Although the CMOS technology continues to scale down, the scaling of the Vdd on the other hand, has been stagnant for a long while, leading to the "dark silicon" dilemma, which means more cores can fit on a die, but a growing fraction cannot actually be turned on due to strict power constraint [1]. Meanwhile, the blooming development of internet-of-things (IoT) and wearable/implantable electronics has raised additional requirements on ultralow power. Thus, the community has re-started searching for alternative computing paradigms to overcome the power challenges and achieve performance improvements.Stochastic computing (SC) [2]-[4], which processes the data in form of random bit streams, is a promising alternative to conventional deterministic binary computing. It enables ultralow power, high error-tolerance and massive parallelism. In this talk, I will discuss the feasibility of SC circuits based on state-of-the-art FinFET technology. Applications of on-chip image processing [5] and stochastic computing neural networks [6] are taken as examples. Practical technical issues are carefully examined, including static and transient device variations. Design optimization methodology is also proposed for SC circuits, which can largely reduce its energy consumption with almost no accuracy loss. | 54456701 |
4,510,232 | [Ocular Hypotension: How the Retina Surgeon Sees the Causes and Therapeutic Options]. Ocular hypotension is a result of a lack of production or a loss of intraocular fluid. Intraocular inflammation, drugs, or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with overgrowth of the ciliary body can result in reduced secretion of intraocular fluid. Loss of intraocular fluid can result from external loss, such as in fistulating surgery or trauma, or internally, e.g. from cyclodialysis clefts or retinal detachment. In this review, we discuss the causal therapy of ocular hypotension: fixation of the ciliary body, removal of ciliary body membranes, surgery for PVR, choice of tamponade, possibilities and limitations of an iris diaphragm, and pharmacological options. | 22075501 |
4,510,233 | CFL learners' productions of relative clauses with demonstratives: From theory to empirical research Abstract Relative clauses (RCs), with their typological universality and structural complexity, have always been central to inquiries in generative linguistics and language acquisition. Although recent years witness a growing interest in psycholinguistic and acquisition research in Chinese RCs, few studies have attempted to make connections between psycholinguistic theories and Chinese as a second language learning and teaching. This paper tries to bridge the gap and uses an interdisciplinary approach to address the comparative difficulty of Chinese subject and object RCs in their interaction with demonstratives. Chinese L1 and L2 participants completed a written sentence completion task. More productions in a certain type of RC, when observed in both participant groups, were interpreted as evidence of structural preference, and differences between L1 and L2 patterns were analyzed as competence issues. It was found that both groups prefer subject RCs when the structure begins with a demonstrative, and this result corresponds to corpus studies of Chinese RCs as well as findings in previous acquisition research. At the same time, there was no asymmetry between the subject and object RCs produced when the demonstrative follows the RC. A multi-constraint model in which a “perspective” factor (MacWhinney 1977, 1982, MacWhinney and Pleh 1988) and a word order factor simultaneously contribute to production cost can explain the data. Meanwhile, L2 participants' errors were often related to neglecting the obligatory gap within the RC. Pedagogical implications were put forward. | 146851051 |
4,510,234 | A unique autocatalytic process and evidence for a concerted-stepwise mechanism transition in the dissociative electron-transfer reduction of aryl thiocyanates. Electrochemical reduction of p-methyl-, p-methoxy-, and 3,5-dinitrophenyl thiocyanates as well as p-methyl- and p-methoxyphenyl disulfides was investigated in acetonitrile at an inert electrode. This series of compounds reveals a striking change in the reductive cleavage mechanism of the S-CN bond in thiocyanates as a function of the substituent on the aryl ring of the aryl thiocyanate. With nitro substituents, a stepwise mechanism, with an anion radical as the intermediate, takes place. When electron-donating groups (methyl and methoxy) are present, voltammetric as well as convolution analyses provide clear evidence for a transition between the concerted and stepwise mechanisms based on the magnitude of the transfer coefficient alpha. Moreover, a very interesting autocatalytic process is involved during the electrochemical reduction of these compounds. This process involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction on the initial aryl thiocyanate by the electrochemically generated arenethiolate ion. As a result of this unusual process, the electrochemical characteristics (peak potential and peak width) of the investigated series are concentration dependent. | 30560651 |
4,510,235 | Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of plant extract of Lantana camara. Natural products continue to play an important role in the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Several chemical compounds have been extracted and identified from its species known as Lantana camara (L .camara). The present study was designed for phytochemical analysis of L. camara and extraction of bioactive compound by HPLC. This also included the antimicrobial activity of the bioactive compound obtained by crude extract and the column extract. The study showed the presence of the bioactive component parthenin extracted from the HPLC analysis at a peak height of 10.3807 and it was showing antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and E. fecalis, crude (6.8 to 8.1 mm ) and column (4.0 to 6.2 mm) zone of inhibition. | 30780251 |
4,510,236 | Crowdsourcing for Food Purchase Receipt Annotation via Amazon Mechanical Turk: A Feasibility Study (Preprint) BACKGROUND The decisions that individuals make about the food and beverage products they purchase and consume directly influence their energy intake and dietary quality and may lead to excess weight gain and obesity. However, gathering and interpreting data on food and beverage purchase patterns can be difficult. Leveraging novel sources of data on food and beverage purchase behavior can provide us with a more objective understanding of food consumption behaviors. OBJECTIVE Food and beverage purchase receipts often include time-stamped location information, which, when associated with product purchase details, can provide a useful behavioral measurement tool. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of processing data from fast-food restaurant receipts using crowdsourcing via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). METHODS Between 2013 and 2014, receipts (N=12,165) from consumer purchases were collected at 60 different locations of five fast-food restaurant chains in New Jersey and New York City, USA (ie, Burger King, KFC, McDonald’s, Subway, and Wendy’s). Data containing the restaurant name, location, receipt ID, food items purchased, price, and other information were manually entered into an MS Access database and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer; this was considered the gold standard. To assess the feasibility of coding receipt data via MTurk, a prototype set of receipts (N=196) was selected. For each receipt, 5 turkers were asked to (1) identify the receipt identifier and the name of the restaurant and (2) indicate whether a beverage was listed in | 240293401 |
4,510,237 | the receipt; if yes, they were to categorize the beverage as cold (eg, soda or energy drink) or hot (eg, coffee or tea). Interturker agreement for specific questions (eg, restaurant name and beverage inclusion) and agreement between turker consensus responses and the gold standard values in the manually entered dataset were calculated. RESULTS Among the 196 receipts completed by turkers, the interturker agreement was 100% (196/196) for restaurant names (eg, Burger King, McDonald’s, and Subway), 98.5% (193/196) for beverage inclusion (ie, hot, cold, or none), 92.3% (181/196) for types of hot beverage (eg, hot coffee or hot tea), and 87.2% (171/196) for types of cold beverage (eg, Coke or bottled water). When compared with the gold standard data, the agreement level was 100% (196/196) for restaurant name, 99.5% (195/196) for beverage inclusion, and 99.5% (195/196) for beverage types. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated high interrater agreement for questions across difficulty levels (eg, single- vs binary- vs multiple-choice items). Compared with traditional methods for coding receipt data, MTurk can produce excellent-quality data in a lower-cost, more time-efficient manner. | 240293401 |
4,510,238 | First Estimate of the Intrinsic Rate of Increase of a Millipede: Polydesmus angustus (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) in a Seasonal Environment ABSTRACT Although dramatic millipede outbreaks have been reported worldwide, there is no data available on the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of these arthropods. This parameter was estimated in the west-European millipede Polydesmus angustus Latzel, a seasonally-breeding species with mixed 1-yr and 2-yr life cycles within populations. Individuals from 20 broods were reared throughout their life cycle under seasonal conditions simulated in the laboratory (monthly mean temperatures and naturally varying photoperiods), to determine age-specific survival and fertility in annual (1-yr life cycle) and biennial (2-yr life cycle) females. The finite rate of increase (&lgr;m) was calculated using a periodic matrix model and rm was found to be 5.85 per year. This estimate suggests that outbreaks of annual polydesmidan species in greenhouses or under favorable field conditions can be generated by a small number of fertilized females in 2 yr. The relevance of seasonal conditions to measure rm per year in long-lived arthropod species that breed seasonally is emphasized. Estimates such as that obtained in P. angustus integrate most seasonal adaptations of the species and are ecologically plausible in the absence of extrinsic sources of mortality. Finally, the results show that biennial females represent a very small proportion of individuals in the stable population structure, but analysis of short-term dynamics indicates that they may be more successful as colonists than annual females. | 86135351 |
4,510,239 | Studies on Comparative Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Yankasa Sheep Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense Field Isolates of Nigerian Origin Background: African Animal Trypanosomosis is one of the key hindrances to full livestock development in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, despite years of efforts to eradicate the disease. It is an important parasitic disease of human and animals. Control of the disease relies majorly on chemotherapy of one of the three trypanocidal drugs. The severity of haematological indices depends on parasite species, host involved and nutrition. Hence, there is need to assess the pathogenicity and compare their effects on some of our local breeds of livestock. Methodology: Field isolates Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense of Nigerian origin were used. Thirty sheep were acquired and preconditioned for two weeks in arthropodproofed Original Research Article Ogbaje et al.; IJTDH, 41(10): 1-10, 2020; Article no.IJTDH.59165 2 pens before the commencement of the experiment. The sheep were divided into five groups (AT. vivax infected-treated, BT. vivax infected-untreated, CNo infection, no treatment, ET. congolense infected-treated and FT. congolense infected-untreated. Packed Cell Volume, serum protein, WBC, DLC were monitored weekly for 8 weeks. Results: There was gradual decreased in PCV of all the infected animals which was an indication of anaemia but more severe in T. vivax groups. Also decreased in plasma protein that was more pronounced and prolonged in T. vivax than the T. congolense groups, this was similar with WBC. Neutrophils had initial increased in all the groups before dropping and low value of monocyte at the | 222243251 |
4,510,240 | early period of infections which later disappeared. There was no basophil seen in all the T.vivax groups but few were observed in T. congolense groups. Conclusion: Anaemia is a general feature of most parasitic infections especially in trypanosomosis. Trypanosoma vivax used in this study is more pathogenic than the T. congolense, hence may have more negative effects in sheep production in author’s environment. | 222243251 |
4,510,241 | Erratum: Hurd et al., “Cannabis and the Developing Brain: Insights into Its Long-Lasting Effects” In the article “BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community”, by Elizabeth Litvina, Amy Adams, Alison Barth, Marcel Bruchez, James Carson, Jason E. Chung, Kristin B. Dupre, Loren M. Frank, Kathleen M. Gates, Kristen M. Harris, Hannah Joo, Jeff William Lichtman, Khara M. Ramos, Terrence Sejnowski, James S. Trimmer, Samantha White, and Walter Koroshetz, which appeared on pages 8275– 8284 of the October 16, 2019 issue, incorrect numbers of NIH budget support for small businesses were included within the “Small business programs for novel tools and technologies in neuroscience research” section. On page 8276, “A specific percentage of the NIH extramural budget supports Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant awards, as required by law 3.2 and 3.65%, respectively.” should instead read, “A specific percentage of the NIH extramural budget supports Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant awards, 3.2 and 0.45% respectively (3.65% total for Small Business programs as required by law).” This error does not affect the conclusions of the article, and the article has been corrected online. | 210121401 |
4,510,242 | Fluorescent localization of the beta-adrenergic receptor on DDT-1 cells. Down-regulation by adrenergic agonists. Continuous incubation of cultured cells with beta-adrenergic agonists results in the desensitization of adrenergic responsiveness accompanied by the down-regulation of cell surface beta-adrenergic receptors (beta AR). Previous studies have relied on measurements of ligand binding activity for the detection of the beta AR in the cell. In the present study, we have raised a monoclonal antibody to a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid numbers 226-239 of the hamster beta 2AR. This antibody was used to localize the beta AR in hamster smooth-muscle DDT-1 cells by immunofluorescence, without regard for the ability of the receptor to bind ligands. The beta AR was found to be localized primarily at the plasma membrane of these cells, with a nonhomogeneous pattern of distribution. A rapid loss of beta AR-specific immunofluorescence, which paralleled receptor down-regulation as measured by ligand-binding activity, was seen with beta-adrenergic agonists, but not with antagonists. In addition, a transient increase in fluorescence was observed after short times of exposure of the cells to agonists. This fluorescence increase may reflect a ligand-induced conformational change in the receptor. | 6484551 |
4,510,243 | Relationship between cortisol and glucose as physiological stress indicators during growth season in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii The relationship between cortisol and glucose was studied in two-year old farmed Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii with a body weight of 340±30 g (mean ± SD) and total length of 45±1 cm from August to November 2017. Thirty-six individuals were randomly selected and stocked in some 3×300 L fiberglass tanks. Blood samples were collected monthly from the tagged fish. The mean cortisol in August, September, October and November were 4.7±0.9, 23.5±3.0, 6.3±0.9 and 7.4±0.9 ng mL–1 respectively whereas glucose concentrations were 44.6±0.4, 27.3±0.6, 49.2±0.7 and 48.5±0.7 mg dL–1 respectively indicating a significant increase in cortisol and decrease in glucose in September, may be due to the exposure to prolonged high temperature (26–28.5°C). Although it was expected to happen naturally due to hyperglycemia of cortisol but no such phenomena was detected. Our results suggest that the consumption of glucose for maintenance of homeostasis and physiological status is a mechanism against the non-optimal thermal regime. This mechanism consumes glucose at a rate higher than that produced by cortisol, causing significant decrease of plasma glucose. In general, there was a reverse relationship between cortisol and glucose concentration during the experiment in Siberian sturgeons. | 249113451 |
4,510,244 | Microfluidic cell chips for high-throughput drug screening. The current state of screening methods for drug discovery is still riddled with several inefficiencies. Although some widely used high-throughput screening platforms may enhance the drug screening process, their cost and oversimplification of cell-drug interactions pose a translational difficulty. Microfluidic cell-chips resolve many issues found in conventional HTS technology, providing benefits such as reduced sample quantity and integration of 3D cell culture physically more representative of the physiological/pathological microenvironment. In this review, we introduce the advantages of microfluidic devices in drug screening, and outline the critical factors which influence device design, highlighting recent innovations and advances in the field including a summary of commercialization efforts on microfluidic cell chips. Future perspectives of microfluidic cell devices are also provided based on considerations of present technological limitations and translational barriers. | 20355901 |
4,510,245 | The Outcome of Family Interventions for the Mothers of Schizophrenia Patients in Iran Family intervention in schizophrenia is known to reduce high expressed emotion (EE) burden in relatives, reduce patients’ relapse and improve patient functioning; but these issues have not been studied in Iran. Aims: To examine the effects of behavioural family management (based on Falloon’s model) for Iranian mothers of patients with schizophrenia, compared with psychoeducation and standard care. Method: Randomized controlled trial in Iran with 55 mothers of outpatients with schizophrenia, of whom 18 received behavioural family management, 19 psychoeducation and 18 standard care. All groups included mothers in all sessions and excluded the patients. Intervention was provided for three months and outcomes were compared at the end of intervention (T1) and over a follow-up period: after three months (T2) and after six months (T3). Results: Psychoeducation consistently produced greater reduced burden in mothers and reduced positive symptoms in patients over the intervention and follow-up periods, compared with the other two treatments. On the other hand, behavioural family management significantly reduced EE in mothers compared to the other groups. However, the results indicated that family interventions have benefits for mothers and patients. Conclusions: Family interventions for Iranian mothers of schizophrenia patients can substantially benefit from family functioning. | 44413851 |
4,510,246 | Intermittent Animal Behavior: The Adjustment-Deployment Dilemma Intermittency is ubiquitous in animal behavior. We depict a coordination problem that is part of the more general structure of intermittent adaptation: the adjustment-deployment dilemma. It captures the intricate compromise between the time spent in adjusting a response and the time used to deploy it: The adjustment process improves fitness with time, but during deployment fitness of the solution decays as environmental conditions change. We provide a formal characterization of the dilemma, and solve it using computational methods. We find that the optimal solution always results in a high intermittency between adjustment and deployment around a non-maximal fitness value. Furthermore we show that this non-maximal fitness value is directly determined by the ratio between the exponential coefficient of the fitness increase during adjustment and that of its decay coefficient during deployment. We compare the model results with experimental data obtained from observation and measurement of intermittent behavior in animals. Among other phenomena, the model is able to predict the uneven distribution of average duration of search and motion phases found among various species such as fishes, birds, and lizards. Despite the complexity of the problem, it can be shown to be solved by relatively simple mechanisms. We find that a model of a single continuous-time recurrent neuron, with the same parametric configuration, is capable of solving the dilemma for a wide set of conditions. We finally hypothesize that many of the different patterns of intermittent behavior found in nature might respond to optimal solutions of complexified versions of the adjustment-deployment | 3242001 |
4,510,247 | dilemma under different constraints. | 3242001 |
4,510,248 | PREDICTION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN SEEDS (Parkia biglobosa) THROUGH NEURAL NETWORK For efficient design of post-harvest processing machines/equipment, knowledge of the physical properties of agricultural materials is required. Individual measurements of respective material’s properties are typically used to calculate the equipment/machines design parameters. These properties are important for grading and sorting processes. This study experimentally measured the individual dimensional properties of the seeds and by simulation used artificial neural network to predict some physical properties of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. Two artificial neural network structures, the Multilayer Propagation Neural Network (MLP) and the Radial Basis Neural Network (RBF) were employed. The dimensional properties of the seeds were used as the input variables and the derived seeds' properties - volume, surface and projected regions, geometric mean diameter and sphericity - were used as the output variables. The results showed that MLP structures of the artificial neural network could provide a better prediction of the seeds physical properties parameters, making it a viable replacement method for the manual approach. | 254846751 |
4,510,249 | MRI to Assess Neurological Function This article describes a detailed set of protocols for mouse brain imaging using MRI. We focus primarily on measuring changes in neuroanatomy, and provide both instructions for mouse preparation and details on image acquisition, image processing, and statistics. Practical details as well as theoretical considerations are provided. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | 49342801 |
4,510,250 | Malnutrition among patients suffering from HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah, Iran Background: Inadequate food intake is one of the causes of malnutrition, which is an important complication of HIV and accelerates the progress of HIV toward acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Objective: The present study aimed to assess nutritional status of people with HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 340 people with HIV/AIDS visiting Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Kermanshah Province. Malnutrition was measured by body mass index (BMI). Food Frequency Scale was used to assess food intake, and the amounts of food intake were compared to recommended daily allowance (RDA). The data were analyzed in Stata-11 using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and ANOVA tests. Results: Mean BMI among men and women was 22.12 ± 3.75 kg/m2 and 25.54 ± 4.66 kg/m2. The prevalence of BMI-based malnutrition was 42.21% (141 people). Of participating patients, 11.08% were underweight, 22.75% overweight, and 8.38% obese. Underweight was reported more prevalent in men than in women and also in singles than in married patients (P = 0.001). Intake of protein, folate, Vitamins A and E, and fiber was less than RDA in a significantly large number of patients. Vitamin A deficiency was more evident in men and folate and calcium deficiencies in women. Conclusion: The present study showed inadequate intake of micro- and macro-nutrients in patients with HIV/AIDS. Malnutrition was observed as varying degrees of underweight and overweight, which requires greater attention to and care for these patients. | 79937351 |
4,510,251 | Periodic Pulse Plating of Mid-Aspect Ratio Printed Circuit Boards for Enhanced Productivity Pulse plating of copper has typically found use in the plating of very difficult, high aspect ratio printed circuit boards. Its ability to provide throwing power deep within through holes with aspect ratios as high as 30:1 is well established. This technology has long been thought of as a high technology, high cost, specialty process applicable only to high end products. This paper will discuss the advantages that pulse plating offers over conventional DC copper plating in high volume production applications for panels with aspect ratios of up to 12:1. These advantages are reduced plating time, increased throughput, and reduced plated copper thickness on the panel surface while meeting minimum in-hole copper thickness requirements. | 222360451 |
4,510,252 | [The Reproductive Exploitation of Women and the Myth of Altruistic Surrogacy: An Overview of the Phenomenon of Gestation by Substitution]. The article approaches the issue of surrogacy from a global point of view. Surrogacy is analysed from international and comparative law perspective, as well as the effects of the legalization of altruistic surrogacy in the first-world countries on vulnerable women in other parts of the world. The paper concludes extrapolating the conclusions of this analysis to the current debate about legalization of altruistic surrogacy in Spain. | 5009251 |
4,510,253 | Cyclic parallel structure Jacobi operator for real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians In this paper, from the property of Killing for structure Jacobi tensor $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$, we introduce a new notion of cyclic parallelism of structure Jacobi operator $R_{\xi }$ on real hypersurfaces in the complex two-plane Grassmannians. By virtue of geodesic curves, we can give the equivalent relation between cyclic parallelism of $R_{\xi }$ and Killing property of $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$. Then, we classify all Hopf real hypersurfaces with cyclic parallel structure Jacobi operator in complex two-plane Grassmannians. | 241186701 |
4,510,254 | Design a Multiport DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Nano-grid System Multiple renewable DC sources must interact in a DC Nano-grid to supply reliable power to loads. A nano-grid is a small form of a smart micro grid that can also be utilized as a standalone power generator. When combining several energy sources with varying voltage ranges, multiport converters are becoming one of the most suitable solutions. Multiport converters are becoming a main focus of research because of its small size, low switch required, and high efficiency. In this paper, a multiport DC-DC converter is presented to integrate fuel cells, solar panels, and batteries in a DC Nano-grid. The proposed converter has lower cost, a small number of switches, and has a high reliability. It also can provide bidirectional power flow between batteries and the DC grid. | 244735801 |
4,510,255 | Planning Autonomous Driving with Compact Road Profiles Current sensing and control of self-driving vehicles based on full-view recognition is hard to keep a high-frequency with a fast moving vehicle, as increasingly complex computation is employed to cope with the variations of driving environment. This work, however, explores a light-weight sensing-planning framework for autonomous driving. Taking the advantage that a vehicle moves along a smooth path, we only locate several sampling lines in the view to scan the road, vehicles and environments continuously, which generates a fraction of full video data. We have applied semantic segmentation to the streaming road profiles without redundant data computing. In this paper, we plan vehicle path/motion based on this minimum data set that contains essential information for driving. Based on the lane, headway length, and vehicle motion detected from road/motion profiles, a path and speed of ego-vehicle as well as the interaction with surrounding vehicles are computed. This sensing-planning scheme based on spatially sparse yet temporally dense data can ensure a fast response to events, which yields smooth driving in busy traffic flow. | 239989701 |
4,510,256 | Metabolic abnormalities and body composition of HIV-infected children on Lopinavir or Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy Background Few studies have assessed metabolic and body composition alterations in perinatally HIV-infected African children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared metabolic profiles and regional fat of children on ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (lopinavir/ritonavir), lamivudine and stavudine to those switched to nevirapine, lamivudine and stavudine. Methods This study evaluated metabolic and body composition outcomes in 156 HIV-infected children completing a randomised trial that assessed the continued use of lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART or switch to nevirapine-based ART in Johannesburg, South Africa (2005–2010). Fasting total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides total and regional body fat (BF) were measured. A clinical assessment for lipodystrophy (LD) was conducted. Results 156 children (mean age 5.1±0.8 years, mean duration of treatment 4.2±0.7 years, mean time since randomisation 3.4±0.7 years) were enrolled. 85 were randomised to the lopinavir/ritonavir group and 71 to the nevirapine group. The lopinavir/ritonavir group had lower mean HDL (1.3±0.4 vs 1.5±0.4 mmol/l, p<0.001) and higher mean TC (4.4±1.0 vs 4.1±0.8 mmol/l, p=0.097), LDL (2.6±0.9 vs 2.3±0.7 mmol/l, p=0.018) and triglycerides (1.1±0.4 vs 0.8±0.3 mmol/l, p<0.001). The lopinavir/ritonavir group had more total BF by mean skinfold sum (43±11.1 vs 39±10.1 mm, p=0.031) and BF% by bioelectrical impedance analysis (17.0±7.0 vs 14.1±8.0%, p=0.022). Thirteen (8.4%) met criteria for LD. Conclusions Unfavourable alterations in lipid profile and triglycerides, and differences in fat are detectable in young HIV-infected South African children receiving lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens versus those switched to nevirapine-based regimens. Interventions to mitigate these alterations are warranted to | 2622101 |
4,510,257 | reduce long-term cardiovascular disease risk. | 2622101 |
4,510,258 | Multi-target tracking algorithm based on FIR filters This research article proposes a multi-target tracking algorithm by using a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The advantage of the FIR filter is to observe robust filtering to incorrect data such as model uncertainty and noise, etc. This paper demonstrates robust tracking performance for multi-target tracking using the properties of FIR filter. In order to use FIR structure, all possible paths are constructed and the estimate of each path is chosen as the target through Mahalanobis distance if it is appropriate target. | 18681851 |
4,510,259 | Area-efficient buffer binding based on a novel two-part FIFO structure In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing buffer storage requirement in buffer binding for SDF (Synchronous Dataflow) graphs. First, we propose a new two-part FIFO buffer structure that can be efficiently shared by two produce/consumer pairs. Then we propose a buffer binding algorithm based on this two-port buffer structure for minimizing the buffer size requirement. Experimental results demonstrate 9.8%/spl sim/37.8% improvement in buffer requirement compared to the conventional approaches. | 195859501 |
4,510,260 | Cephalothoracoomphalopagus - a rare type of conjoined twins from the pathologists perspective. Objective: Case description and autopsy fi nding in conjoined twins dia gnosed in the 24th week of pregnancy. Results: We reporta case of a 31-year-old primigravida who was referred to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at our hospital with a presumptive dia gnosis of conjoined twins. The ultrasound examination with subsequent three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction demonstrated twin gestation complicated by cephalothoracoomphalopagus. Observations demonstrated that the twins were joined over an area that extended from the head to the thoraces down to the central abdomen. In view of multiple congenital malformations incompatible with postnatal life, the pregnancy was terminated. The twins then underwent an autopsy at the Department of Pathology and the autopsy confi rmed previous diagnosis. Conclusion: Cephalothoracoomphalopagus is one of the rarest forms of conjoined twins with unknown incidence due to a very small number of documented cases. | 252046401 |
4,510,261 | Bank Competition amid Digital Disruption: Implications for Financial Inclusion This paper studies how banks compete amid digital disruption and the resulting distributional effect across consumers. Digital disruption increases the geographic coverage of banking services, bringing new entrants to local markets. However, as digital customers shift from branches to digital services, banks close branches, and the remaining branching banks gain market power among non-digital customers that rely on branches. Consequently, digital customers benefit from the intensified bank competition at the cost of non-digital customers who pay higher prices for branch services and face the risk of financial exclusion. We provide empirical evidence by exploiting the staggered expansion of 3G networks, instrumented by regional distribution of lightning strike frequency. Using a structural model, we further quantitatively decompose the benefit and costs of digital disruption resulting from banks’ pricing, branching, and entry decisions. The results highlight the role of banks’ endogenous responses to digital disruption in widening the gap in access to banking services. Jiang is from the University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business. [email protected]. Yu is from Singapore Management University. [email protected]. Zhang is from UCLA Anderson School of Management. [email protected]. Runtong Cai provided outstanding research assistance. We are grateful to Kenneth Ahern, Greg Buchak, Matteo Benetton, Philip Bond, Marco Di Maggio, Andrea Eisfeldt, Valentin Haddad, Barney Hartman-Glaser, Gerard Hoberg, Rawley Heimer, Gregor Matvos, Shaun McRae, Clemens Otto, Amit Seru, Anthony Lee Zhang and seminar and conference participants at UCLA Anderson, USC Marshall, Singapore Management University, University of Washington at Seattle, University of Technology Sydney, IIOC 2022 | 251530101 |
4,510,262 | for comments. Yu thanks the support from Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics at SMU. First version: Feb, 2022. | 251530101 |
4,510,263 | What Factors Influence the Structure of the State Income Tax? This article contributes to a small body of literature that examines empirically the factors affecting the structure of state income taxes. We assume vote-maximizing politicians who are potentially influenced by information spillovers from other states in the spirit of yardstick competition. A number of nominal provisions of the income tax are considered in the empirical analysis, including earned income tax credits, top bracket rates, exemptions, and income thresholds. Politicians manipulate these and other structural features of the income tax to garner votes. The results yield no evidence of yardstick competition in the setting of income tax policy, regardless of how we define neighbors. Political factors like single-party control affect the choice of some tax provisions. Demographic factors play a mixed role; in particular, characteristics of the low-income population are seldom associated with provisions that benefit these particular groups. | 154645101 |
4,510,264 | A single-center experience with luminal venous cannulae obstruction caused by clot formation during bypass. Our institution experienced two bypass cases from January through December 2011 in which venous return was significantly variable and at times poor. Luminal clot formation in the venous cannulae was found in each case postbypass. These events were captured and monitored through our institution's Non-Routine Event Reporting Program and eventually reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We began inspecting all venous cannulae postbypass in December 2011. During a subsequent 9-month surveillance period, we documented 33 venous cannulae in 21 patients with luminal clot formation. Only one cannula during this surveillance period required change-out on bypass. The manufacturer eventually identified changes in production that likely caused the clotting events. The manufacturer modified their production methods and began supplying cannulae produced under the new method in September 2012. We have experienced only one clotting event with the new cannulae and in that instance, the metal tip was found to be defective. We recommend inspection of all venous cannulae postbypass with internal, manufacturer, and FDA reporting for those noted to have luminal clot formation. | 21965351 |
4,510,265 | Investigation of Leaky-Wave Antenna With Stable Wide Beam-Scanning Characteristic In this article, a compact magnetic dipole (MD) composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed, which is periodically loaded with rectangular gaps and short stubs. Then, in light of the dielectric resonator with a high dielectric constant, low loss tangent, and good radiation performance, we further add an alumina ceramic block (ACB) to stack on the gap in each CRLH-TL LWA unit cell for forming the MD, and thus, wide beam-scanning range and compactness are achieved. To validate this design, a traditional uniform CRLH-TL LWA is investigated in detail. The results of S-parameters, electrical field distribution, and radiation properties illuminate the effects of introducing the ACB, such as impendence matching improvement and high radiation efficiency. Furthermore, to verify the flexible control of the balanced condition and the attenuation constant by changing the microstrip gap width and the ACB thickness predicted in the circuit model analysis, a nonuniform CRLH-TL LWA with quasi-constant amplitude is fabricated. Experimental results demonstrate a higher antenna gain and the stability of wide beam-scanning range under the condition of a compact design. | 239199851 |
4,510,266 | [Cloning and expression of fusion gene of amyloid beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase decoy peptide aptamer (TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2)]. OBJECTIVE To construct TRX-ABAD-DP-TRX (T-A-T) fusion gene of a novel ABAD-DP aptamer through the insertion of ABAD-DP into the modified human thioredoxin (hTRX) and exploit the possibility of further applications for the gene therapy of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS According to the designed sequence, the target fragments of TRX1, TRX2 and ABAD-DP were created by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and then inserted into the multiple clone site of adeno-associated virus shuttle plasmid pSSHG-CMV with gene cloning technique. The corresponding fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 was identified by restriction enzymes digestion with EcoRI and BamHI. The recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV/T-A-T) was produced in HeLa cells with linear polyethylenimine. The expression of T-A-T fusion gene and co-localization between T-A-T and Aβ peptide in NIH 3T3 cells were examined by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The size of fusogenic fragment TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 was approximately 435 bp. And it was consistent with our design. T-A-T fusion gene was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Through co-expression, T-A-T aptamer and intracellular Aβ peptide were co-localized. It indicated that T-A-T aptamer could bind Aβ within NIH 3T3 cells. CONCLUSION The TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 fusion gene is successfully cloned and expressed. And it may provide rationales for further applications in the gene therapy of Alzheimer's disease's. | 25389801 |
4,510,267 | TU-H-BRC-08: Use and Validation of Flexible 3D Printed Tissue Compensators for Post-Mastectomy Radiation Therapy. PURPOSE Patient-specific tissue equivalent compensators can be used for post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) to achieve homogenous dose distributions with single-field treatments. However, current fabrication methods are time consuming and expensive. 3D-printing technology could overcome these limitations. The purposes of this study were to [1] evaluate materials for 3D-printed compensators [2] design and print a compensator to achieve a uniform thickness to a clinical target volume (CTV), and [3] demonstrate that a single-field electron compensator plan is a clinically feasible treatment option for PMRT. METHODS Blocks were printed with three materials; print accuracy, density, Hounsfield units (HU), and percent depth doses (PDD) were evaluated. For a CT scan of an anthropomorphic phantom, we used a ray-tracing method to design a compensator that achieved uniform thickness from compensator surface to CTV. The compensator was printed with flexible tissue equivalent material whose physical and radiological properties were most similar to soft tissue. A single-field electron compensator plan was designed and compared with two standard-of-care techniques. The compensator plan was validated with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements. RESULTS We identified an appropriate material for 3D-printed compensators that had high print accuracy (99.6%) and was similar to soft tissue; density was 1.04, HU was - 45 ± 43, and PDD curves agreed with clinical curves within 3 mm. We designed and printed a compensator that conformed well to the phantom surface and created a uniform thickness to the CTV. In-house fabrication was simple and inexpensive (<$75). Compared with | 33342051 |
4,510,268 | the two standard plans, the compensator plan resulted in overall more homogeneous dose distributions and performed similarly in terms of lung/heart doses and 90% isodose coverage of the CTV. TLD measurements agreed well with planned doses (within 5 %). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that 3D-printed compensators make single-field electron therapy a clinically feasible treatment option for PMRT. | 33342051 |
4,510,269 | Quantum interferometer and radar theory based on N00N, M and M or linear combinations of entangled states With the goal in mind of designing radars, interferometers and other sensors based on quantum entanglement the virtues of N00N states, plain M and M states (PMMSs) and linear combinations of M and M states (LCMMS) are considered. A derivation of the closed form expression for the detection operator that is optimal subject to constraints is provided. The raising and lowering properties of the detection operator and its square are developed. The expectations of the optimal detection operator and its square are derived. The expression for the visibility, the maximum expectation of the optimal detection operator, is developed. From the expectation of the square of the detection operator and the visibility, the phase error and the minimum phase error for the detection operator are derived. The optimal resolution for the maximum visibility and minimum phase error are found. For the visibility, comparisons between PMMSs, LCMMS and N00N states are provided. For the minimum phase error comparisons between LCMMS, PMMSs, N00N states, separate photon states (SPSs), the shot noise limit (SNL), and the Heisenberg limit (HL) are provided. A representative collection of computational results illustrating the superiority of LCMMS when compared to PMMSs and N00N states is given. It is found for a resolution 12 times the classical result LCMMS has visibility 11 times that of N00N states and four times that of PMMSs. For the same case, the minimum phase error for LCMMS is 10.7 times smaller than that | 121451901 |
4,510,270 | of PMMS and 29.7 times smaller than that of N00N states. | 121451901 |
4,510,271 | Comparison of Three Methods for Eliciting Phonological Processes 1 Eight articulatory disordered children were studied to compare the occurrence of phonological processes using three elicitation methods, including single-word productions, imitated sentences, and continuous speech sampling. A total of 11 phonological processes were shown by the subjects, with only the process of gliding indicative of significantly different rates of occurrence among the three procedures. These subjects were relatively consistent in their use of phonological processes under different speaking conditions. | 220708451 |
4,510,272 | Temperature Driven Bayesian Probabilistic Modelling of Electricity Demand, Capacity, and Adequacy The declining costs for various distributed energy resources such as solar and energy storage is driving an increase in the penetration level of these resources at the grid’s edge. The electricity market operator must account for these changes to effectively plan the system’s demand, supply, and adequacy for various scenarios. This paper proposes a simplified methodology to create a probabilistic model of demand and supply which can be used to model resource adequacy as a function of temperature. This adequacy model is then translated to describe adequacy by duration of need. This description can then inform the duration of service needed from limited energy storage resources to reduce the probability of load being unserved. We first use a Bayesian additive model to infer the relationship between demand and available capacity as function of temperature. We then calculate the probability for when demand will be greater than supply for each unit increment of temperature. This probability can be described as a binomial random variable of demand being greater than supply for that hour. Finally, we estimate the duration of need by approximating the sum of binomial random variables for the day. With this methodology, one can rapidly simulate various supply mixes by fuel type to understand its effects on the final duration of need. | 221473001 |
4,510,273 | An Irish breast cancer survivorship study: are we meeting our patients' needs? UNLABELLED Irish breast cancer survivor's needs have not been studied. Physical, psychological, social and spiritual concerns were investigated. Patient satisfaction with hospital discharge, GP follow-up, and the benefit of a discharge pack was investigated. A cohort of patients from the South East Cancer Centre was identified. INCLUSION CRITERIA localized breast cancer, completion of adjuvant therapy, GP-led follow-up in the last 5 years. An anonymous questionnaire was developed, and ethical approval obtained. Subgroup analyses for age and time since diagnosis and discharge were completed. 80 patients were identified. 44 patients (55%) completed the questionnaire, 5 (6%) were excluded. Commonest concerns included: fatigue (51%), fear of recurrence (69%) and second cancers concerns (69%) 23 (59%) and 25 patients (64%) were satisfied with discharge and GP follow-up respectively. 27 patients (67%) reported benefit from a discharge pack. Irish breast cancer survivors had concerns, and were satisfied with GP follow-up. | 27322601 |
4,510,274 | Fabrication of a Micro Lens Array with a High Filling Factor Using a Direct Molding Method In recent years, micro lens arrays have played a crucial role in optical illumination systems. The function of micro lens arrays (MLAs) is to create a uniform light intensity or shape the light profile. Polymers that are commonly used as MLAs have several advantages, such as cost effectiveness, light weight, and easy formation. In general, the ultra-precision diamond-turning technique and plastic injection molding technique have been combined to fabricate MLAs with polymer materials. However, residual stress and non-balance injection pressure are produced on MLAs during injecting processing. Therefore, this paper presents the fabrication of MLAs using a direct molding method (DMM). The STAVAX with electroless nickel coating and PMMA were used as the mold and polymer preform, respectively. First, a mold of MLA with 100% filling factor was fabricated using the ultra-precision diamond-turning technique. A high filling factor can decrease the non-effective area of the MLA in an optical system. Subsequently, an MLA was formed on the PMMA surface using DMM processing. This paper shows the DMM process parameters, including molding temperature, molding force, and cooling rate. Moreover, the profile of the MLA was measured using a laser confocal microscope. Finally, a high filling factor MLA with a diameter of 11.5 mm, and lenses with a height of 8.5 μm and a radius of 470 μm were formed on PMMA. | 136727651 |
4,510,275 | Evaluation of the proximal tubular function in individuals with primary renal hypouricemia: an NMR‐based metabonomic study Primary renal hypouricemia (PRH) refers to a rare condition of increased renal urate clearance, caused by an isolated inborn error of membrane transport of urate in the renal proximal tubule. Several cases of exercise‐induced acute renal failure and urolithiasis have been reported. This is the first study that assessed tubular function in PRH using NMR‐based metabonomic urine analysis. The study groups consisted of 36 unrelated asymptomatic subjects with PRH, defined as serum uric acid levels (sUA) <2.5 mg/dL and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) >10%, after exclusion of diseases and drugs that may affect urate homeostasis, and 39 sex and age‐matched healthy individuals with normal sUA levels (>4.0 mmol/L) and FEUA<10%. Individuals with primary hypouricemia presented similar biochemical profiles to the controls without significant differences with regard to FE of electrolytes and renal threshold for phosphate excretion. Individuals with primary hypouricemia were differentiated from healthy individuals in the orthogonal signal correction/partial least‐squares–discriminant analysis models of the NMR data with a statistically significant separation. The components that contributed to this separation were the lower levels of hippurate, creatinine, and trimethylaminoxide, and the higher levels of phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, acetate, and of an unidentified metabolite (3.3 ppm) observed in hypouricemic subjects compared with controls. Primary hypouricemia, though considered an isolated renal tubular defect, is often associated with a more generalized proximal tubular disorder that mimics a partial Fanconi syndrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | 19763151 |
4,510,276 | [Tissue lipolytic activity with various vitamin K and E allowances in white rats]. Experiments on white male rats were performed to study the activity of tissue lipase (pH 6.8-7.2) and lipoprotein lipase (pH 8.5) in the liver, skeletal muscles and kidneys depending on the body supply with vitamins K and E. It was established that in rats with food K-avitaminosis, liver and skeletal muscle lipase and lipoprotein lipase and kidney lipoprotein lipase were activated. The analogous changes in the activity of the test enzymes were discovered in animals given antivitamins K - hydroxycoumarins (e.g. pelentan). The exception to the rule was lipase (pH 6.8-7.2) of the kidneys. E-avitaminosis was accompanied by alterations in the activity of the test enzymes in the liver, skeletal muscles and kidneys. | 30989901 |
4,510,277 | An Ionic Polymer Bead-supported Lipid System Using Naturally Occurring Phospholipids Spherically supported bilayer membranes on cationic polymer beads were prepared from naturally occurring phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS)). The amount of phospholipids bound to the cationic polymer beads from the liposomal suspensions of various lipid compositions increased with increases in anionic PS. Confocal fluorescence microscopic observations with a fluorescence membrane probe indicated that the phospholipid molecules in the phospholipid-bead complexes were along the surface of the beads. Negatively charged trypan blue dye was preferably bound to the phospholipid-free beads by electrostatic attractive interaction, but was excluded from the phospholipid-bead complexes due to the bilayer membrane structure formed on the beads. This method could provide a better mimetic of biological membranes in comparison to physically unstable conventional liposomes. | 55576451 |
4,510,278 | Experimental determination of the ratio of partial photoionization cross sections from Na 3p 2P3/2 by polarization anisotropy quantum beats We demonstrate that polarization anisotropy quantum beats (QB) in two-photon ionization can be used to measure the ratio of photoionization cross sections to different angular momentum states of the photoelectron. Measurement of the ratio of photoionization cross sections has so far remained a non-trivial task by conventional photoionization techniques, including photoelectron angular distribution analysis. In this work, the amplitude of the polarization anisotropy QB for photoionization from the Na 3p 2P3/2 state was used to determine the ratio of the ionization cross sections near the ionization threshold. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions based on the quantum defect theory. | 95976251 |
4,510,279 | Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel or FOLFIRI in platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma-experience at two centres. Background Ramucirumab is a VEGFR-2 antibody that has proven to prolong overall survival (OS) in patients with pretreated metastatic gastric/gastrooesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. We present data from patients treated with ramucirumab and paclitaxel or FOLFIRI after failure of at least one platinum- and 5-FU-containing chemotherapy (CHT) regimen. Methods In this retrospective two-center study, 56 patients with metastatic gastric cancer (47%) or adenocarcinoma of the GEJ (53%) were treated with paclitaxel and ramucirumab (n=38) as second-line (75%) or beyond second-line (25%) therapy. FOLFIRI-ramucirumab (FOLFIRI-R) (n=16) was given to patients with a short interval between taxane-based perioperative CHT and occurrence of metastatic disease or to those ineligible for paclitaxel. Results The median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS for patients treated with paclitaxel-ramucirumab (pacl-R) were 2.9 (95% CI: 2.3-3.6) and 4.4 (4.1-4.7) months, respectively, and those for patients treated with FOLFIRI-R were 5.9 (95% CI: 0.35-11.4) and 8.3 (6.6-10) months, respectively (P=0.05). We observed a trend towards prolonged PFS after perioperative taxane-based FLOT CHT (n=12) with FOLFIRI-R compared with pacl-R. Adverse events were manageable, with neutropenia and polyneuropathy (PNP) being the most common events. More than two treatment lines were given to 48.2% of patients. Conclusions The use of ramucirumab in combination with FOLFIRI showed favourable PFS and OS in patients with prior treatments with platinum and/or taxane-based agents and allows further treatment lines after progression. In patients with taxane pretreatment or persistent high-grade PNP, the combination of FOLFIRI-R might be | 214781451 |
4,510,280 | a promising combination. | 214781451 |
4,510,281 | In vitro allergy testing This article reviews in vitro testing in the 1990s. Several tests remain standards. In the United States, modified radioallergosorbent test (RAST) scoring is performed by either a RAST or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method; in Europe, Phadebas RAST (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ) scoring is more popular. Newer quantitative tests reviewed include the Ala STAT, MAST, and CAP testing systems (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ). Qualitative test screens include the Phadiatop microscreen (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ) and Quidel dipstick multiscreen (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA). The newer tests produce results in 1 day or less. Test correlation with in vivo methods, including skin endpoint titration and skin prick testing is good. Current in vitro test methods are safe, cost-effective, expeditious, and accurate for use in the diagnosis and treatment of IgE-mediated allergic disease. | 71718751 |
4,510,282 | Calorimetric study of water's glass transition in nanoscale confinement, suggesting a value of 210 K for bulk water. At what temperature between 136 and 165 K the glass transition of water occurs is still controversial, while the crystallization of water prevents the determination. To confine water in nanopores stabilizes its liquid state down to low temperatures. Heat capacities and enthalpy relaxation effects of the water confined within MCM-41 nanopores with diameters in the range 1.5-5.0 nm were measured in this work by using adiabatic calorimetry. No fusion of the confined water was detected up to 2.0 nm, part of the water exhibited fusion in 2.1 nm pores, and the whole internal water which excludes the molecules interacting with the pore-wall atoms crystallized within pores with diameter of 2.3 nm and above. A glass transition of the internal water occurred at a temperature T(g) = 160-165 K for pore diameters in the range 1.5-2.0 nm and at 205-210 K for diameters of 2.0 and 2.1 nm; thus, the T(g) jumped from 165 to 205 K at 2.0 nm. The jump is connected to the development of hydrogen-bond network to a more complete one as the diameter is increased, and is conjectured as caused by the increase in the number, from three to four, of hydrogen bonds formed by each molecule. These imply that the glass transition of bulk water occurs at 210 K, which is much higher than 136 or 165 K debated so far. | 9768801 |
4,510,283 | FLIDND-MCN: Fake label images detection of natural disasters with multi model convolutional neural network Disasters occur due to naturally stirring events like earthquake, floods, tsunamis, storms hurricanes, wildfire, and other geologic measures. Social media fake image posting influence is increasing day by day regarding the natural disasters. A natural disaster can result in the death or destruction of property, as well as economic damage, the severity of which is determined by the resilience of the affected population and the infrastructure available. Many researchers applied different machine learning approaches to detect and classification of natural disaster types, but these algorithms fail to identify fake labelling occurs on disaster events images. Furthermore, when many natural disaster events occur at a time then these systems couldn’t handle the classification process and fake labelling of images. Therefore, to tackle this problem I have proposed a FLIDND-MCN: Fake Label Image Detection of Natural Disaster types with Multi Model Convolutional Neural Network for multi-phormic natural disastrous events. The main purpose of this model is to provide accurate information regarding the multi-phormic natural disastrous events for emergency response decision making for a particular disaster. The proposed approach consists of multi models’ convolutional neural network (MMCNN) architecture. The dataset used for this purpose is publicly available and consists of 4,428 images of different natural disaster events. The evaluation of proposed model is measured in the terms of different statistical values such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and f1-score. The proposed model shows the accuracy value of 0.93 percent for fake label disastrous images detection | 249349051 |
4,510,284 | which is higher as compared to the already proposed state-of-the-art models. | 249349051 |
4,510,285 | Fabrication of a Microlens Array with Controlled Curvature by Thermally Curving Photosensitive Gel Film beneath Microholes. A rapid method is developed for fabricating low-cost and high-numerical-aperture photosensitive-gel microlens arrays (MLAs) with well-controlled curvatures. An UV-curable photosensitive-gel film beneath the microholes of a silicon mold can be flexibly deformed by thermally manipulating the surface tension of the photosensitive gel and the pressure difference across the air-photosensitive-gel interface. The concave interface is then solidified through UV curing, forming a MLA with a concave curvature. MLAs with a focal length ranging from 51.4 to 71.9 μm and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.49 were fabricated. The photocured MLA has high mechanical and thermal strength and is suitable as a master mold for the further production of convex MLAs. The fabricated microlenses have uniform shapes and smooth surfaces. In a demonstration of imaging and focusing performance, clear and uniform images and focused light spots were observed using concave and convex MLAs. | 206443851 |
4,510,286 | A de‐embedding method with matrix rectification and influences of residual errors on model parameters extraction of InP HEMTs As the cutoff frequency of InP HEMTs enters the terahertz band, high frequency measurement and modeling techniques in hundreds of gigahertz become urgent needs for further millimeter monolithic integrated circuits design. We proposed a new de‐embedding method linking device measurements and modeling based on full EM simulation data acquired from HFSS and advanced design system (ADS). The simulation results for passive dummy structures are well consistent with experiments, and the de‐embedding method is proved very effective for a resistive passive device with high distributed embedding surroundings in frequency range below 40 GHz. Based on these experimental facts, the EM simulations were extended up to 300 GHz and corresponding de‐embedding deviation was further investigated. Results show that the proposed de‐embedding method has very high accuracy in the whole frequency region with a maximum S‐parameters deviation of only 2.58%. However, further analysis proves that the small residual errors still significantly affect extracted small signal model parameters of InP HEMTs especially for transit time τ. Thus, further improvements on de‐embedding accuracy or careful considerations of more error functions in modeling process are necessary for obtaining physically meaningful model parameters. | 216173601 |
4,510,287 | PROPOSED MONITORING OF LESSER MOUSE-DEER Tragulus kanchil The lesser mouse-deer Tragulus kanchil Raffles, 1821 is a small, herbivorous mammal inhabiting regions of Southeast Asia. Unlike other species belonging to the same genus, the lesser mouse-deer is not critically endangered, however the biology and population size of the species are not studied well enough. So far no methods of monitoring of the species condition have been developed and for this reason, an exemplary protocol of the monitoring of lesser mouse-deer is presented in the paper below. The main goal of such studies is to estimate the population size and density, as well as to assess the quality of the habitat occupied by the animals. In order to evaluate the species condition, population and habitat indicators were developed. The methodology of studies is mostly based on counting specimens in transects, together with assessing the habitat quality and availability of food supply. Supplementary methods were suggested, such as genetic testing and using camera traps. Conducting such research is believed to aid in better understanding of the environmental requirements and possible threats, which may have a significant impact on the lesser mouse- -deer population. In the future, methods suggested in this paper can be improved or extended, so that the matter is examined as comprehensively as possible and suitable conservation measures can be applied. | 233799851 |
4,510,288 | Modeling and Simulation of a Wastewater Pumping Plant Modeling wastewater pumping plants is rarely addressed in the literature. Standard component models as found in fluid simulation tool libraries are too complex, due to their projected generality, to be used for these applications. Lack of models results in a burden on engineers who have to test their control scenarios on real implemented systems. This may lead to unexpected delays and painful costs. In this work, easily manageable component-oriented models are derived and applied to the modeling and simulation of a real wastewater pumping system. The model derived in this paper is implemented in Modelica, and it helps better understanding the system dynamics. Thereby, a tool is provided for evaluating the performance of possible control schemes. | 15901651 |
4,510,289 | [Keeping pigs with undocked tails on conventionally producing farms. A feasibility study]. OBJECTIVE In this feasibility study, weaning and fattening pigs with undocked and docked tails were kept simultaneously on four conventionally producing farms in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was the aim of the study to test management recommendations to avoid and reduce tail biting under practical conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Before stocking, the farm-specific risk factors for tail biting had been analyzed and, if possible, reduced. Furthermore, on every farm, individual preventive measures, for example, additional pen enrichments and feed additives had been adopted. The farmers had been trained in animal observation, recognition of tail biting prior to outbreaks and measures to be taken when tail biting occurred. The tails of the pigs were examined daily by the farmer and every second week by the first author. Additionally, carcass characteristics were documented and analyzed. RESULTS Tail biting was observed in every batch on every farm during the rearing period. Combining data from all the farms, a mean of 53.5% of pigs with undocked tails could enter the fattening period without tail lesions. At the end of fattening, only 24.2% of the undocked slaughter pigs had intact tails. Additionally, in the group with undocked tails, mortality was significantly increased (p = 0.0104) in comparison with the control group and abscesses were detected significantly more frequently in carcasses of undocked pigs (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION As a consequence of these results, a transition period of several years is recommended to give farmers the opportunity to learn step | 23401001 |
4,510,290 | by step how to maintain animals with undocked tails and to prevent animal suffering due to tail biting. | 23401001 |
4,510,291 | Query smearing: Improving classification accuracy and coverage of search results using logs High dimensional concept spaces have various applications in web search including personalized search, related page computation, diversity preservation, user interest inference, similarity computation, and advertisement targetting. Clustering and classification methods are common means to map documents and users into concept spaces. In most classification algorithms, precision (accuracy) and recall (coverage) tend to be competing aspects. In this paper, we introduce Query Smearing, an algorithm that can significantly improve both the accuracy and coverage of an existing classifier by leveraging information contained in fully anonymized search engine logs. Starting with a potentially incomplete seed classification, it expands the classification information to cover various items in search engine logs using a weighted majority voting scheme. The technique is similar to semi-supervised learning approaches and may be classified as one, but we have notable differences from most such examples. In particular, initial labels are not fully trusted for accuracy or completeness (hence, after the first stage, they can be thrown away), and additional relationships between classified items are used extensively to guide the process. Empirical evaluation shows that our algorithm performs well under the following assumptions: i) the search engine log contains a sufficiently large number of query transactions, ii) most results of most queries are relevant and on-topic, and iii) sufficient fraction of search results are classified in the seed classification, and those classifications are reasonably accurate (but not necessarily complete). | 18598951 |
4,510,292 | Cognitive Function in a Randomized Trial of Evolocumab Background Findings from clinical trials of proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have led to concern that these drugs or the low levels of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that result from their use are associated with cognitive deficits. Methods In a subgroup of patients from a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of evolocumab added to statin therapy, we prospectively assessed cognitive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. The primary end point was the score on the spatial working memory strategy index of executive function (scores range from 4 to 28, with lower scores indicating a more efficient use of strategy and planning). Secondary end points were the scores for working memory (scores range from 0 to 279, with lower scores indicating fewer errors), episodic memory (scores range from 0 to 70, with lower scores indicating fewer errors), and psychomotor speed (scores range from 100 to 5100 msec, with faster times representing better performance). Assessments of cognitive function were performed at baseline, week 24, yearly, and at the end of the trial. The primary analysis was a noninferiority comparison of the mean change from baseline in the score on the spatial working memory strategy index of executive function between the patients who received evolocumab and those who received placebo; the noninferiority margin was set at 20% of the standard deviation of the score in the placebo group. Results A total of 1204 patients were followed for a median of 19 months; the mean (±SD) change from baseline over | 5457751 |
4,510,293 | time in the raw score for the spatial working memory strategy index of executive function (primary end point) was ‐0.21±2.62 in the evolocumab group and ‐0.29±2.81 in the placebo group (P<0.001 for noninferiority; P=0.85 for superiority). There were no significant between‐group differences in the secondary end points of scores for working memory (change in raw score, ‐0.52 in the evolocumab group and ‐0.93 in the placebo group), episodic memory (change in raw score, ‐1.53 and ‐1.53, respectively), or psychomotor speed (change in raw score, 5.2 msec and 0.9 msec, respectively). In an exploratory analysis, there were no associations between LDL cholesterol levels and cognitive changes. Conclusions In a randomized trial involving patients who received either evolocumab or placebo in addition to statin therapy, no significant between‐group difference in cognitive function was observed over a median of 19 months. (Funded by Amgen; EBBINGHAUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02207634.) | 5457751 |
4,510,294 | High-Intensity Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Source in Windowless Photochemical Vapor Deposition Reactor and Its Application to a-Si:H Deposition Optical emission characteristics of vacuum ultraviolet light which is effective in decomposing source gases used for deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon were investigated. The emission line from H atoms at 121.5 nm corresponds to the absorption peak of source gases of silicon hydrides. This emission line intensity increases markedly by mixing hydrogen with helium from 5 to 10% in concentration. The deposition rate of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films by windowless photochemical vapor deposition using this strong emission line at 121.5 nm is proportional to the emission intensity, which reaches as high as 270 Å/min. | 95384701 |
4,510,295 | Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to raw meat. BACKGROUND Raw meat may contain viable Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts and therefore handling of raw meat may represent a risk for T. gondii infection. AIMS To determine the association of T. gondii infection with occupational exposure to raw meat. METHODS Case-control seroprevalence study design with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence and levels of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. Those occupationally exposed to raw meat consisted of butchers working in two abattoirs and 35 butcher's shops in Durango, Mexico. The control group consisted of individuals from the general population from the same region. Socio-demographic, work, clinical and behavioural characteristics from each butcher were obtained. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four workers occupationally exposed to raw meat and 248 control subjects were examined. Eight (7%) of the butchers and 22 (9%) of the controls were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies [not statistically significant (NS)]. Anti-T. gondii IgG levels were >150 IU/ml in 7 (6%) butchers and 14 (6%) controls (NS). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in five (4%) of the butchers and four (2%) of the controls (NS). None of the factors examined appeared to predict seropositivity although both butchers who reported consuming dried beef were seropositive compared to 6/122 controls (95% CI 0.60-1.29). CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to raw meat was not associated with seropositivity for T. gondii infection. Consumption of dried beef may warrant further investigation. | 25705051 |
4,510,296 | Fuzzy clustering based fault diagnosis for aircraft engine health management Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in aircraft health management for modern military and commercial aircrafts. Accurate detection and diagnosis of impending aircraft faults can lay the foundation to reduce maintenance turnaround times, operational costs and improve flight safety. Modern aircrafts are capable of generating massive amount of in-flight data and maintenance reports, which makes the task of developing a robust fault diagnosis scheme greatly challenging. Using flight parameters such as Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Fuel Flow (FF), Engine Fan Speeds (N1 and N2), Total Air Temperature (TAT) decisions can be made on current and future health of aircraft engines. In this paper such flight parameters are used as the basis to develop a diagnostic scheme which can identify a fault and relate this information with the ground reports and maintenance data to allow the maintainer decide necessary maintenance procedures. The baseline values for the in-flight parameters are used as a reference for this evaluation. Any deviation from the baseline values can be considered as a system fault and has to be addressed by the maintenance crew. The data used for this analysis is obtained from flight data recorders. The final decision on a fault being accurately detected is taken by the ground maintenance crew or engineers. Once the fault has been accurately detected and identified Fault Isolation Manuals (FIM) are used to identify necessary maintenance actions required to repair the system or sub-system under fault. A robust fault diagnosis scheme combined with the maintenance actions | 6800451 |
4,510,297 | can give the maintainer enhanced foresight in aircraft system health thus reducing unnecessary maintenance actions. | 6800451 |
4,510,298 | Effect of heat-treatment on LiZn ferrite hollow microspheres prepared by self-reactive quenching technology Lithium-zinc ferrite hollow microspheres (LiZn FHMs) containing special surface crystals were synthesized by self-reactive quenching technology. The samples were heat-treated at 1200 °C and held for 4 h. The influence of the heat-treatment on LiZn FHMs was studied. The results show that the surface of hollow microspheres is smooth without heat-treatment. The phase components are Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Li0.435Zn0.195Fe2.37O4, and Li0.5Fe2.5O4. The minimum reflectivity is −13.5 dB, and the corresponding frequency is 7.5 GHz. The effective absorption band lower than −10 dB is 6.2–8.5 GHz, and the bandwidth is 2.3 GHz. After heat-treatment, crystals on the surface of hollow microspheres grow significantly. Multiple-shape micro-nano crystals containing triangular, polygonal, and irregular crystal are generated. However, the phase composition does not change. The real part of the permittivity (ε′), the imaginary part of permittivity (ε″), the real part of permeability (μ′), and the imaginary part of permeability (μ″) all increase, and the microwave absorption properties at low frequency are significantly increased, with the absorption peak moving to a lower frequency range. The minimum reflectivity is −26.5 dB, and the corresponding frequency changes to 3.4 GHz. The effective absorption band is 2.6–4 GHz, and the bandwidth is 1.4 GHz. | 255308611 |
4,510,299 | Mugged by reality Predictably, the English riots (they were, curiously, confined to England) have also fuelled the pet theories and hobby horses of media commentators, pundits and the increasingly ubiquitous ‘experts’ (i.e. academics or non-academics with a recent book release). Blame has been cast widely at multiculturalism and also at that equally nebulous entity, moral decay. Left wing pundits have blamed lack of opportunity and even on the government’s austerity cuts (even though more deprived regions of Scotland and Wales were unaffected). The right has diagnosed the evils of welfare payments and failed parenting by single mothers (although most children of single mothers were not involved and many did come from two-parent households). The educated, affluent middle classes have appeared effete and twee. Their vocabulary, which lacks the visceral rawness of colloquial English, means they have only been able to express their abhorrence with oddly tepid Edwardian refrains like ‘disgraceful’ and ‘absolutely unacceptable’. These sterile condemnations have only reinforced their cultural apartheid from the rest of the population. The literati of BBC Radio 4 have been aghast, although the looters will have been certainly oblivious; newspapers report that one of the few stores to escape the looting was the bookstore, Waterstones. Of course, criminality has long been a feature of our society and riots and mobs have centuries of history. In truth, there is nothing new about the violence and destruction we witnessed this week; what is new is how our postmodern and narcissistic society has sanitised its reflection: the image of the citizen on public | 1931061 |
Subsets and Splits