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4,508,800 | area opening at the brain surface in a circular region of interest. | 15069071 |
4,508,801 | The Emergent Independent Press in Benin and Cote D’ivoire: From Voice of the State to Advocate of Democracy ship with an attitude, this may or may not be disconcerting. One thing for sure—Perlmutter brings personal passion to his discourse. What does come through loud and clear in this very worthwhile book is the need to buttress with empirical evidence what too often is superficial and subjective critique of icons of outrage. Results from the author's rather casual inquiries conducted among students in his classrooms concerning photographic images are sprinkled throughout the text. These certainly are not publishable as scholarship in the top journals of the discipline, but they are highly suggestive ofthe type ofphotojournalism research ideas that should be investigated. In fact, Perlmutter's modest classroom data collection forays provide some of the best evidence to date concerning photography's effects, or lack thereof, available to the scholarly community. Perlmutter's book sets forth a research agenda larded with ideas, challenging serious em- | 164087571 |
4,508,802 | Clinical, biochemical and pathological study of perinatal lambs in a commercial flock The birth and fate of 818 lambs born to 571 ewes on a low-ground farm in the Scottish Borders with a history of substantial perinatal mortality were monitored with a range of physiological, biochemical and pathological measurements. In lambs which survived, the rectal temperature, birthweight and plasma concentrations of fructose, insulin, thyroxine and the third component of complement at birth, and the weight at four months of age, decreased with litter size. One hundred and thirty-seven lambs were stillborn or died within four days and seven others died later. The mothers of 77 per cent of these lambs had low condition scores, but the lamb deaths did not correlate significantly with the condition scores. From data relating to birthweight, temperature, packed cell volume and plasma composition it was deduced that placental insufficiency was involved in 24 per cent of these deaths; acute hypoxaemia at birth accounted for 35 per cent, inadequate thermogenesis for 12 per cent and starvation for 13 per cent. The remaining 16 per cent of dead lambs could not be assigned to any of these categories. Using only clinicopathological criteria, 37 per cent of the lamb deaths were attributed to antenatal influences which included immaturity, developmental anomalies, and degenerative or inflammatory changes. Thirty-three per cent of the deaths were due to post natal factors which included, in declining order of frequency, starvation, enteritis, misadventure, pneumonia, navel infections and septicaemia. No conclusions could be drawn from the pathological examinations alone in the | 24254571 |
4,508,803 | remaining 30 per cent, although almost half of these had low rectal temperatures after birth, death being attributed to hypothermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | 24254571 |
4,508,804 | HIV infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection among children with severe malaria. BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are reported among children with severe malaria. However, it is unclear whether their cooccurrence with falciparum parasitization and severe disease happens by chance or by association among children in areas where malaria is endemic. METHODS We examined 3068 consecutive children admitted to a Kenyan district hospital with clinical features of severe malaria and 592 control subjects from the community. We performed multivariable regression analysis, with each case weighted for its probability of being due to falciparum malaria, using estimates of the fraction of severe disease attributable to malaria at different parasite densities derived from cross-sectional parasitological surveys of healthy children from the same community. RESULTS HIV infection was present in 133 (12%) of 1071 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-15%). Parasite densities were higher in HIV-infected children. The odds ratio for admission associated with HIV infection for admission with true severe falciparum malaria was 9.6 (95% CI, 4.9-19); however, this effect was restricted to children aged 1 year. Malnutrition was present in 507 (25%) of 2048 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% CI, 23%-27%). The odd ratio associated with malnutrition for admission with true severe falciparum malaria was 4.0 (95% CI, 2.9-5.5). IBI was detected in 127 (6%) of 2048 consecutive parasitemic admitted children (95% CI, 5.2%-7.3%). All 3 comorbidities were associated with increased case fatality. CONCLUSIONS HIV, malnutrition and IBI are biologically associated with severe disease due to falciparum | 33125771 |
4,508,805 | malaria rather than being simply alternative diagnoses in co-incidentally parasitized children in an endemic area. | 33125771 |
4,508,806 | Influence of Surface Treatment on Composite Adhesion in Noncarious Cervical Lesions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of dentin surface treatments on the retention rate of resin composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Seven randomized clinical trials were included in this review. Data regarding retention rate, type of surface treatment, and the main characteristics of studies were analyzed. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to December 2016 in eight databases: PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, Ibecs, Web of Science, BBO, Scopus, Scielo and The Cochrane Library. Only clinical trials evaluating dentin surface treatments in resin composite restoration in NCCLs were included. Noncontrolled clinical trials, reviews, editorial letters, case reports, case series and studies published in a language other than English, Portuguese, or Spanish were not included. The included studies evaluated different surface treatments, such as using an adhesive system with a frictional technique, drying the dentin, and removing sclerotic dentin by using a bur and applying EDTA before primer use. The analysis considering the mechanical removal of dentin surface with a bur and the application of an adhesive system in a frictional mode showed these treatments improved retention rates of the resin composite restorations in NCCLs ( p<0.05). There is evidence in the literature suggesting that the mechanical removal of dentin surface with a bur and the application of an adhesive system in a frictional mode could improve the retention rates of resin composite restorations in NCCLs. However, the studies showed high heterogeneity, and additional clinical trials are | 4241621 |
4,508,807 | needed to determine the best dentin treatment option in NCCLs. | 4241621 |
4,508,808 | Dietary supplementation of bitter gourd reduces the risk of hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol fed sprague dawley rats. Functional and health endorsing benefits of various foods are often attributed to their phytochemistry. The bitter gourd holds potential in improving the health of the individuals owing to its incredible versatility in phytochemistry. However, the efficacy of different parts of bitter gourd needs attention of the researchers. In the current exploration, different parts of bitter gourd were evaluated for their cholesterol lowering potential in cholesterol fed Sprague dawley rats. For the purpose, four types of bitter gourd part i.e. whole fruit, seedless fruit, seeds, and seed extracts were used and compared with placebo in hypercholesterolemic rats. In placebo, momentous increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels was observed. All parts attenuate the cholesterol 18.79 to 40.17% triglycerides 25.97 to 37.01% and LDL 14.49 to 26.09%. However, 1% extract powder was most effective in reducing the cholesterol and triglycerides. From the present study, it is deduced that bitter gourd extract can be supplemented in food products for the management of hypercholesterolemia. However, future studies in human subjects needs to be conducted for meticulousness of the present findings. | 21147071 |
4,508,809 | Does a Southern European Model Exist? Introduction In the comparative literature on welfare systems1, South European countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) have been considered part of the conservative corporative model (Esping Andersen 1990; 1999) which is characterised by two main features: 1) a high level of subsidiarity to the family; and 2) the importance of the breadwinner position within the labour market. In this model, a relevant role in the de-commodification of people is played by family and by those associations operating in the non-profit sector (Laville 1994; Ascoli, 1999), the state intervenes only when the family fails. Access to social rights depends heavily, directly or indirectly, on employment entitlements, creating strong opposing poles of ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The model of the adult male breadwinner, protected by state and trade-union action, is the main form of citizenship in terms of income maintenance. However, apart from these main common features, there are important differences which make it necessary to distinguish continental European countries (France, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands) from South European ones. In this contribution, we will try to give reasons for these differences adopting an historical narrative. Taking Esping Andersen’s work as starting point, we will frame it from an historical and not from a determinist perspective. This gives us the possibility of reading the differences in historical developments and the different factors which helped to create a separate cluster. From an historical point of view, taking the last fifty years, proletarianisation and migration are particularly relevant, as they contributed to the construction of welfare | 42990921 |
4,508,810 | systems and the different groups at risk of poverty and social exclusion. These two processes are linked to the industrialisation process. The economy of | 42990921 |
4,508,811 | Serotonin 1A and Serotonin 4 Receptors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the mostly widely used treatment for major depressive disorders and also are prescribed for several anxiety disorders. However, similar to most antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suffer from two major problems: They only show beneficial effects after 2 to 4 weeks and only about 33% of patients show remission to first-line treatment. Thus, there is a considerable need for development of more effective antidepressants. There is a growing body of evidence supporting critical roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 receptor subtypes in mediating successful depression treatments. In addition, appropriate activation of these receptors may be associated with a faster onset of the therapeutic response. This review will examine the known roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 receptors in mediating both the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety and the treatment of these mood disorders. At the end of the review, the role of these receptors in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis will also be discussed. Ultimately, we propose that novel antidepressant drugs that selectively target these serotonin receptors could be developed to yield improvements over current treatments for major depressive disorders. | 13938421 |
4,508,812 | The influence of an increasing photoperiod, a modified natural daylength and feed restriction during the rearing period on the performance of five S.C.W.L. genotypes. Abstract Three tests involving approximately 7,000 S.C.W.L. birds were used to study three light treatment effects as follows: (1) a photoperiod that was gradually increased during the rearing period; (2) a modified natural photoperiod for Northern Hemisphere spring-hatched birds with the photoperiod decreased during the latter part of the rearing period; and (3) a constant 14-hour photoperiod from hatching to the end of the laying test. Restricting feed during the rearing period was also compared with full-feeding. Five commercial egg production genotypes were used in each of these experiments. Increasing the photoperiod during the rearing period was detrimental to general performance and reduced returns over costs when compared with a constant 14-hour daylength. The comparison between a 14-hour constant daylength and a modified simulated natural daylength which included a declining photoperiod during part of the rearing period, was not conclusive, although the latter treatment appeared to be somewhat superior to the constant 14-hour daylength. Although the birds on feed restriction returned more income over feed costs compared with full-fed birds, the difference was not significant and the effect was not considered important enough under conditions of this experiment to offset the extra cost of imposing feed restriction, however, in an environment in which the photoperiod cannot be controlled, feed restriction may be used to offset disadvantages associated with an adverse daylength. Evidence is presented which indicates that genotype × photoperiod interactions may | 3608471 |
4,508,813 | be important. It is concluded that in windowless houses, photoperiodism can be used effectively to achieve optimum performance among S.C.W.L. egg production genotypes without the necessity of using a rearing period feed restriction program. | 3608471 |
4,508,814 | [Association between platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene polymorphisms and gastrointestinal bleeding in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. OBJECTIVE To study the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ninth exon Val279Phe of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) gene and gastrointestinal bleeding in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). METHODS A total 516 children with HSP were enrolled, among whom 182 had gastrointestinal bleeding and 334 had no gastrointestinal bleeding. PCR was used to investigate the distribution of genotypes and alleles in the SNPs of Val97Phe. The plasma PAF-AH activity was measured, as well as the levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), granular membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and platelet factor 4 (PF4). RESULTS The Val279Phe genotype and allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the homozygous genotype TT and heterozygotes accounted for 0.97% and 6.05% respectively. The gastrointestinal bleeding group had a significantly higher allele frequency than the control group (5.22% vs 3.33%; P<0.01). The HSP patients with GG genotype in the gastrointestinal bleeding group had significantly higher levels of plasma PAF and GMP-140 than those in the non-gastrointestinal bleeding group (P<0.05), while the non-gastrointestinal bleeding group had a significantly higher PAF-AH activity than the gastrointestinal bleeding group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in β-TG and PF4 between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Val279Phe gene polymorphisms in PAF-AH are associated with PAF-AH activity and PAF and GMP-140 levels and may be a risk factor for HSP with gastrointestinal bleeding. | 34693171 |
4,508,815 | Method for obtaining partially or completely neutralized acrylate used for obtaining acrylate-containing polymer Usage: acrylate monomer to produce polymers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: partially or completely neutralized acrylate obtained dobavIzobretenie relates to the field of acrylic Ls, in particular to an improved process for preparing partially or completely neutralized acrylate. used to prepare the acrylate polymer. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the polymer. This goal is achieved by the fact. that acrylic acid and an alkali hydroxide leniem acrylic acid and an alkali metal hydroxide in water at 20-50 deg. C for the reaction to neutralize them, while maintaining the ratio of the neutralized product of acrylic acid in the neutralization reaction in the range from 75 to 100 percent. Maud. said reaction product to neutralize the alkali metal hydroxide are added to neutralize actuating insulating ratio of acrylic acid to neutralize said reaction product ranging from 100.1 to 110 percent. . Say, withstand the specified product neutralization reaction has neytralizatsion- tion ratio of acrylic acid in the range of 100.1 to 110 per cent; mol. at a temperature of from 20 to 50 degrees. C for 1-120 minutes for aging the neutralization product to said reaction product of acrylic acid was added to drive the neutralization ratio of acrylic acid in said reaction product ranges from 30 to 100 percent. mol. Table 3. metal is added to water at 20-50 & amp; deg; C to the reaction to neutralize them. When this ratio is maintained neytralizatsion- tion product of | 104095321 |
4,508,816 | acrylic acid in the neutralization reaction in the range from 75 to 100 mol.%, Said reaction product to neutralize the added alkali metal hydroxide oting actuating neutralization ratio of acrylic acid in said reaction product it (A O C CO GJ CO of N gO | 104095321 |
4,508,817 | The Chinese Renaissance: A Transcultural Reading This paper examines the ways in which the idea of renaissance was understood and appropriated by Chinese intellectuals in the early twentieth century. My discussion foregrounds Hu Shi, one of the most important intellectual leaders in modern China and the main architect of the Chinese vernacular movement. I analyze his rewriting and reinvention of the European Renaissance as well as his declaration and presentation of the Chinese Renaissance in various contexts. Hu's creative uses of the Italian Renaissance and passionate claims for a Chinese Renaissance reveal the performative magic of the word renaissance and prompt us to ask what a renaissance is. The Chinese Renaissance and the fact that various non-European countries have declared and promoted their own renaissances invite a scholarly reconsideration of “renaissance” as a trans-cultural phenomenon rather than as a critical category originated and therefore owned by a certain culture. | 162185771 |
4,508,818 | Induction of Zugunruhe by photostimulation of encephalic receptors in white-crowned sparrows. Daily 20-hour encephalic photophases (DEPP), transmitted (hours 0 to 20) via chronically implanted light-conducting fibers to selected sites in the basal hypothalamus of male white-crowned sparrows, were superimposed on daily 8-hour (hours 0 to 8) external ambient photophases (DAPP). Initially the birds displayed motor activity only during the 8-hour DAPP. After a delay of at least 2 weeks, some of the birds became intensively active during hours 8 to 20. We postulate that this period of "nocturnal" activity is equivalent to the nocturnal Zugunruhe shown by caged individuals of many nocturnally migratory species subjected to long days; such activity is generally regarded as the expression of migratory behavior. | 37800771 |
4,508,819 | Chronic lithium nephropathy: MR imaging for diagnosis. PURPOSE To evaluate the appearance of lithium nephropathy at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with renal insufficiency and clinical and laboratory evidence of nephropathy secondary to therapy with lithium salts were examined with a 1.5-T MR imaging unit with T1-weighted, T2-weighted fast imaging with steady-state precession (true FISP), rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, half-Fourier turbo spin-echo, and gadolinium-enhanced (FISP three-dimensional MR angiographic) sequences. Renal size and the presence, number, location and size of parenchymal cysts were analyzed. The cysts in each kidney were defined as rare (fewer than 10 cysts), sparse (between 10 and 30 cysts), abundant (30-60 cysts), or very abundant (more than 60 cysts). RESULTS The mean length of both kidneys was 104 mm +/- 9 in seven cases, and one or both kidneys were less than 90 mm in length in nine cases. Renal microcysts measuring from 1 to 2 mm were detected in all patients. They were either very abundant (n = 12), abundant (n = 2), or sparse (n = 2). The cysts were located with equal abundance in both the cortex and the medulla in 11 cases and were predominantly located in the renal cortex in five cases. No renal artery stenosis was present. CONCLUSION Microcysts secondary to long-term lithium therapy can be detected with MR imaging. | 27369271 |
4,508,820 | Serum Lipids and Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Chinese NIDDM Patients: Relation to metabolic control OBJECTIVE To compare serum blood lipids and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and nondiabetic control subjects and also to determine the influence of diabetes control on serum Lp(a) concentration in Chinese individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the serum blood lipids and Lp(a) levels in NIDDM patients (n = 100) and age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects (n = 100) who participated in a case-control study. Comparisons of Lp(a) concentrations were made between a normal control group, a group of diabetic patients with HbA1c < 8.0%, and a group of diabetic patients with HbA1c of 8% or higher. RESULTS The diabetic patients had higher total triglyceride, apolipoprotein B (apo B), and apo B-to-apo AI ratios, but lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo AI concentrations than nondiabetic controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). A similar pattern of distribution of Lp(a) levels according to the degree of metabolic control was seen in patients with NIDDM and nondiabetic controls. No correlation was observed between Lp(a) levels and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo B, and triglyceride levels in all diabetic patients. No difference in the Lp(a) levels was noted between diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects, even in poorly controlled diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Lp(a) levels are not elevated in diabetic patients, even in poorly controlled metabolic conditions. | 26119171 |
4,508,821 | Inhibitory effect of the Isolator blood culture system on growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare in BACTEC 12B bottles The examination of 6,938 clinical specimens collected during the period January 1991 through December 1992 suggested that the Isolator blood culture system (Wampole) inhibited growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) in BACTEC 12B medium. Of 162 MAC blood culture isolates, 94% were recovered from Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium, while only 50% were recovered from 12B medium. The time to detection with LJ medium was 18 days, while that with 12B medium was 24 days. In contrast, 62% of the 305 MAC nonblood culture isolates were recovered from the LJ medium, while 87% were found in the 12B medium. The time to detection for these cultures was also reversed, i.e., 28 days for LJ medium versus 15 days for 12B medium. Dilution studies using the lysis-anticoagulant reagent from Isolator tubes demonstrated inhibition of both clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains of MAC, even at low concentrations of lysis-anticoagulant reagent. Washing the Isolator blood sediment prior to inoculating the 12B bottles eliminated any growth inhibition. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the use of the Isolator blood culture tube with the BACTEC 12B medium is contraindicated for mycobacterial blood cultures. | 25780021 |
4,508,822 | Introduction of Lihua Xiao, Recipient of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal for 2012 ing) in a humble home in a small, ancient town near the city of Yueyang, China. He was raised with a brother and 2 sisters by parents working in a local factory. During the Cultural Revolution, the entire family suffered as his father endured persistent persecution resulting from accusations of his being a bourgeois rightist. In 1976, when the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution finally ended, Lihua was 14. The education system that had been severely impacted or brought to a virtual halt for 10 yr became revitalized, providing a small gap in time for Lihua to focus on his schooling. He excelled as a student and was able to rise above fierce competition to receive the coveted approval to enter college in the second group of students to do so after the Cultural Revolution. In 1982, at Hunan Agricultural University, he received his degree in veterinary medicine. Lihua had developed an interest in parasitic diseases of livestock and was accepted into a graduate program at the Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin to study gastric nematodiasis of cattle under the direction of Professor Zhou. It was there he met his wife-to-be, Chungfu Yang, also a student of Professor Zhou. In 1985, he received his M.S. degree and became a faculty member in the veterinary school. However, Lihua wanted to further his education, but an opportunity did not exist in China at the time. Lihua was familiar with the publications of Harold Gibbs at | 25699571 |
4,508,823 | the University of Maine. Their interests were similar. So, he wrote to Dr. Gibbs, sending an abstract from his Master's Thesis and a request to study under Gibbs' mentorship. In 1987, he was offered a graduate assistantship, enabling him to come to the United States and begin studies on the pathophysiological effects of Ostertagia, the brown stomach worm, in cattle, which led to his Ph.D. in 1990. Lihua spent the following 2 and a half years as a postdoctoral fellow at Ohio State University with Rupert Herd, where he continued studies on GI nematodes. He also initiated surveys on Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farm animals, 2 parasites that would later become major subjects of interest for him. In 1993, an opportunity arose for him to work in the Division of Parasitic Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control in Chamblee, Georgia. In the laboratory of Altaf Lal, Lihua led studies on the surface proteins, cytoadherence, and antigenicity of | 25699571 |
4,508,824 | Bodily Practices and Colonialism: Sport and Physical Culture in Luanda, 1860–1930 Abstract During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in Luanda, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, institutionalized colonial sport and physical culture practices revealed social conflicts and racial categories. They also influenced expressions of social and cultural identities. Newspaper accounts of sport and physical culture published in and circulated around Luanda reveal the cultural interests and political positions of competing social groups. As in many other colonies and regions, bodily practices in Luanda defined and redefined social arrangements during the processes of modernization and Westernization. | 150321221 |
4,508,825 | 5G URLLC Local Deployment Architecture for Industrial TSN Services In the industrial scenario, the requirements for network quality and data security of industrial Time Sensitive Network (TSN) services are becoming more and more stringent. 5G technology has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, low latency, and massive connections. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can improve the utilization of resources and the security of data, while future reducing the transmission delay. However, for industrial TSN services, a new network deployment architecture is still needed to provide reliable, flexible, and secure services for the industrial Internet. This paper proposes a local deployment architecture and adopts a deployment optimization scheme of Distributed Unit/ Centralized Unit/ User Plane Function/ TSN Translator (DU/CU/UPF/TT) convergence integration, highly integrated network elements, build DU/CU/UPF/TT compact integrated equipment, realize the idea of the separation of control plane and user plane, and realize efficient data forwarding. Meanwhile, some technologies such as Multiple-transmission/Reception Point (Multi-TRP) and New Radio Dual Connectivity (NR-DC) are used to meet the requirements of the low latency of industrial TSN services, and ensure data security and improve network quality. | 250713221 |
4,508,826 | Macrodynamic Cooperative Complexity of Information Dynamics The introduced concept and measure of macrocomplexity (MC) arise in an irreversible macrodynamic cooperative process and determine the process components ability to assemble into an integrated system. MC serves as a common indicator of the origin of the cooperative complexity measured by the specific entropy speed per assembled volume, rather than the entropy, as it has been accepted before. The MC cooperative mechanism is studied using the variation principle (VP) of information macrodynamics (IMD), applied to a complex system with the macrolevel dynamics and random microlevel stochastics and different forms of physical and virtual transitions of information. This principle describes a transition from a local unstable process movement to a local stable process — the former is associated with the current influx of information that precedes cooperation, and the latter is continued after the cooperation with incoming information and its accumulation. This transition enables the production of the cooperative phenomena and, in particular, the contributions from different superimposing processes, which are measured by the MC. MC, arising as an indicator of these phenomena at the unification (or decomposition) of the system processes, is defined by the invariant information measure, allowing for both analytical formulation and computer evaluation. An optimal multi-dimensional consolidation process, satisfying the VP, forms the information hierarchical network (IN) consisting of the model eigenvalues sequential cooperation in triples. The MC of such an optimal cooperative triplet structure is measured by the IN triplet code (as an algorithm of the minimal program, which evaluates the IN hierarchical structure by | 30985421 |
4,508,827 | the triplet information contributions in bits of information). The distributed IN allows for the automatic arrangement and measurement of the MC-local complexities in a multi-dimensional cooperative process, taking into account the MC time-space locations and mutual dependencies, and providing the MC hierarchical invariant information measure by quantity and quality in the triplet code. The MC is connected to Kolmogorov (K) complexity, which measures a deterministic order over a stochastic disorder by a minimal program. The MC specific consists of providing a computable complexity measure of a cooperative dynamic irreversible process, as an opposite to the K incomputability. | 30985421 |
4,508,828 | A Case Study in Federalism - the United States and Michigan Constitutions: Not Double Vision, Double Constitutions Each citizen in America lives under two Constitutions - the United States, federal Constitution which applies to all citizens, and the constitution of the state in which the citizen lives. Often overlooked and basically unknown, the state constitutions play a vital role in governance and preserving our unalienable rights. Perhaps the best way to understand each constitution is to compare and contrast them. Accordingly, as a case study, this article examines the age, length, predecessors, drafting process, conventions, ratification process, and amendment procedures of the State of Michigan Constitution of 1963 and the U.S. Constitution. Furthermore, this article examines how each of these constitutions addresses the separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, local government, transportation, education, finance, taxation, and the protection of unalienable rights. Armed with this understanding, we will be better informed citizens, and more ably equipped to participate in self-governance and protect the unalienable rights of the citizenry. Note: At times this article quotes constitutional text which refers to “he” or “him.” The grammatical convention at the time was to make masculine all generic gender references. That this article quotes the text does not equate to an endorsement of the convention nor did the drafters intend that only men could serve as public officials. | 236651521 |
4,508,829 | Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a practical approach to diagnosis and management Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are the immune-mediated effects of a remote cancer and are characterised by an autoantibody response against antigens expressed by the tumour. Classically, well-characterised ‘onconeuronal’ antibodies target intracellular antigens and hence cannot access their antigens across intact cell membranes. The pathogenic mediators are likely to be neuronal-specific T cells. There is a variable response to immunotherapies and the clinical syndrome helps to direct the search for a specific set of tumours. By contrast, many newly emerging autoantibodies with oncological associations target cell surface epitopes and can exert direct pathogenic effects on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Patients with these cell-surface directed autoantibodies often clearly respond to immunotherapies. Overall, the clinical, serological and oncological features in an individual patient help to determine the clinical relevance of the syndrome and hence guide its management. We summarise current knowledge and a practical approach to the investigation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients with suspected PNS. | 237493971 |
4,508,830 | Investigation of the effects of sporting activities on educational life of students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Background: The effects of sports activities on educational life of students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, was aimed in this study. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire that contains 16 questions was applied to totally 100 dental students (Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey) who were joined the sports activities. The questions were included in age, sex, student type, ports-related interests, part-time work (number of hours per week), leisure activities, and Likert scale questions about to focused on investigating stress levels. The data were analyzed with descriptive, crosstabs, Chi-square, and independent sample t-tests and Spearman's correlation test. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between any of the variables and stress levels (P > 0.05). However, the mean values and distributions of the variables vary and give numerical results. Conclusion: Although sporting activities do not adversely affect students' lessons, they help to reduce stress levels. | 218687021 |
4,508,831 | WhiteBus: A Platform Independent Plug-and-Play Interface for IoT Infrastructures The IoT industry involves a wide diversity of sensing and control transducers, each using a different type of interfacing and operation technology. Such diversity creates a wide range of challenges to large-scale IoT development and deployment. Despite the numerous research efforts in current literature that aim to provide solutions for IoT transducer interfacing, there remains a massive lack of critical features that enable the broad adoption for large-scale applications. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic transducer interface, WhiteBus, that has the simplicity of bare-metal interfacing for IoT developers yet offers low-cost transducer integration flexibility for the manufacturers. WhiteBus exposes multiple peripherals from an IoT device to the connected transducers using a compact bus interface, mapping only the peripherals required by each transducer. Thus allowing manufacturers to reduce the time to market and reach a larger adoption audience without the need for integrating complex interfacing controllers, instead, only adding a memory unit to the transducer. We illustrate WhiteBus architecture and operational flow while outlining how it simplifies the integration and improves the cost-effectiveness for both IoT transducer manufacturers and platform developers. We then qualitatively compare WhiteBus with selected interfacing efforts for IoT, illustrating their essential differences and noting WhiteBus applicability in the IoT industry. | 198168671 |
4,508,832 | Hierarchical image segmentation by polygon grouping We present a simple cascading algorithm for rapid hierarchical image segmentation based on perceptually driven contour completion and scene statistics. We start with an initial fine-scale segmentation of an image obtained by perceptual completion of partial contours into polygonal regions using region-contour correspondences established by Delaunay triangulation of edge pixels. The resulting polygon size distribution is analyzed for a dominant mode of granularity of the image. Polygons whose sizes are less than or equal to this granularity are merged with their spectrally closest neighbors to obtain the next level of polygonal segments in the hierarchy. The iterative application of this process precipitates textured regions as polygons with highly convolved boundaries and helps distinguish them from objects which typically have more regular boundaries. | 14762171 |
4,508,833 | SUDDEN UNEXPECTED NEAR DEATH IN EPILEPSY: MALIGNANT ARRHYTHMIA FROM A PARTIAL SEIZURE Cardiac arrhythmias are a well-described complication of partial seizures.1 During epileptic seizures, the most common finding is sinus tachycardia, found in up to 99% of patients in one series.2 More concerning rhythm disturbances such as bradycardia, asystole, and conduction abnormalities, while less common, have been reported in 13% of patients.2 The degree to which these rhythm disturbances contribute to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is unknown.3 We report a patient electively admitted for video-EEG monitoring who developed ventricular fibrillation requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as a result of a seizure. ### Case report. A 51-year-old right-handed woman with a history of epilepsy since childhood was admitted for elective long-term video-EEG monitoring. Seizures began at age 3 and became refractory to medical treatment. At the time of admission, she reported cognitive decline and 2–3 seizures per week characterized by staring, head deviation rightward, and unresponsiveness lasting 10–15 seconds. She was taking four anticonvulsants (carbamazepine [serum level, 6.2 μg/dL], phenytoin [serum level, 15.5 μg/dL], zonisamide [serum level, 17 μg/dL], and topiramate [serum level, 0.7 μg/dL]). Past medical history … | 32677921 |
4,508,834 | Differences in the chemical composition and carbohydrate metabolism of Echinococcus granulosus (horse and sheep strains) and E. multilocularis Summary Metabolic studies in vitro and studies on chemical composition indicate basic biochemical differences between the horse and sheep strains of Echinococcus granulosus and between these and the closely related species, E. multilocularis. The horse strain of E. granulosus has a similar level of DNA, but significantly more polysaccharides and lipids, with less RNA and protein than the sheep strain. E. multilocularis has significantly more lipids and DNA but less polysaccharides than the horse and sheep strains of E. granulosus, more RNA and protein than the horse strain but similar protein to and less RNA than the sheep strain. Incubations under air and under 95% N2-5% CO2 for 3 h show that only E. multilocularis takes up glucose, that all three forms consume different amounts of oxygen and endogenous glycogen and produce different concentrations of lactate, succinate, acetate, malate, pyruvate, propionate and ethanol as end products of carbohydrate metabolism. | 33529271 |
4,508,835 | Gabapentin for essential tremor: A multiple‐dose, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder that often becomes refractory to conventional pharmacologic management. Open‐label studies suggest that gabapentin is efficacious for ET, but the results of controlled trials have been mixed. To determine the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin in ET, we conducted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial evaluating two doses (1800 mg per day and 3600 mg per day; N = 25). Patients on other ET medications were maintained on their concurrent medications for 3 months prior to study initiation and throughout the study. Twenty patients (mean age, 69.9 ± 6.1 yrs) completed the study. Overall, patient global assessments (p <0.05), observed tremor scores (p <0.005), water pouring scores (p <0.05), and activities of daily living scores (p <0.005) significantly improved. Accelerometry scores, spirographs, and investigator global impression scores did not improve. The results were similar for high and low doses. Statistical regression models did not demonstrate any significant predictors for response. Gabapentin may be effective in some cases of ET. | 20871171 |
4,508,836 | Reduction of the ERP Measurement Time by a Weighted Averaging Using Deep Learning In clinical examination, event-related potentials (ERPs) are estimated by averaging across multiple responses, which suppresses background EEG. However, acquiring the number of responses needed for this process is time consuming. We therefore propose a method for shortening the measurement time using weighted-average processing based on the output of deep learning. Using P300 as a representative component, here we focused on the shape of the ERP and evaluated whether our method emphasizes the P300 peak amplitude more than conventional averaging, while still maintaining the waveform shape and the P300 peak latency. Thus, using either CNN or EEGNet, the correlation coefficient reflecting the waveform shape, the peak P300 amplitude, and the peak latency were evaluated and compared with the same factors obtained from conventional waveform averaging. Additionally, the degree of background EEG suppression provided by our method was evaluated using the root mean square of the pre-stimulation waveform, and the number of fewer responses required for averaging (i.e., the reduction in measurement time) was calculated.The results showed that compared with P300 values obtained through conventional averaging, our method allowed for the same shape and response latency, but with a higher amplitude, while requiring a smaller number of responses. Our method showed that by using EEGNet, measurement time could be reduced by 13.7%. This corresponds to approximately a 40-second reduction for every 5 minutes of measurement time. | 244571471 |
4,508,837 | GLI1/GLI2 functional interplay is required to control Hedgehog/GLI targets gene expression. The Hedgehog-regulated transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 play overlapping roles in development and disease, however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay remain elusive. We report for the first time that GLI1 and GLI2 physically and functionally interact in cancer cells. GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Mapping analysis demonstrated that the zinc finger domains of both proteins are required for their heteromerization. RNAi knockdown of either GLI1 or GLI2 inhibited expression of a number of well characterized GLI target genes (BCL2, MYCN PTCH2, IL7 and CCND1) in PANC1 cells, whereas PTCH1 expression was only inhibited by GLI1 depletion. qPCR screening of a large set of putative canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog/GLI targets identified further genes (e.g., E2F1, BMP1, CDK2) strongly downregulated by GLI1 and/or GLI2 depletion in PANC1 cells, and demonstrated that ANO1, AQP1 and SOCS1 are upregulated by knockdown of either GLI1 or GLI2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Further, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites. Together, these findings indicate that GLI1 and GLI2 coordinately regulate the transcription of some genes, and provide mechanistic insight into the roles of GLI proteins in carcinogenesis. | 221077721 |
4,508,838 | [Results of polychemotherapy in the advanced stages of cervico-facial tumors]. An association of cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and methotrexate already employed with success against solid tumours in other sites was used in the treatment of 62 patients with advanced tumours of the head and neck. Complete (40.32%) and partial (43.55%) regressions were obtained relatively quickly. A satisfactory period of remission occurred in patients for whom no further treatment had seemed possible, either on account of the extent of the disease, or because surgery and/or radiotherapy had already been performed. | 30778421 |
4,508,839 | Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage During periods with epidemic mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) populations in lodge- pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests, large amounts of tree foliage are thought to undergo changes in moisture content and chemistry brought about by tree decline and death. However, many of the pre- sumed changes have yet to be quantified. In this study, we quantified and compared fuel moisture, chemistry, and resulting flammability of bark beetle affected foliage in terms of ignitability, combustibility, consumability, and sustainability at a site in far eastern Idaho, USA. Results revealed substantial decreases in moisture content, the proportion of starches and sugars, and crude fat and increases in the proportions of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in foliage of trees attacked in the pre- vious year (yellow foliage) or more than two years previously (red foliage). Increases in emission rates of several terpenes that were correlated with flammability were also detected in yellow foliage. The flammability of fresh yellow and red foliage increased with regard to ignitability and sustainability, with shorter times to ignition, lower temperatures at ignition, and higher heat yields when compared with unattacked green foliage. Our results confirm the overwhelming importance of fuel moisture on flammability and suggest that fuel chemical composition also has significant effects on lodgepole pine foliage flammability. Resume : Durant les periodes ou les populations de dendroctone du pin ponderosa (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) at- teignent des niveaux epidemiques dans les forets de pin tordu | 6132021 |
4,508,840 | (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), on croit que la teneur en humidite et les caracteristiques chimiques de grandes quantites de feuillage subissent des changements provoques par le deperissement et la mort des arbres. Cependant, plusieurs des changements presumes n'ont toujours pas ete quantifies. Dans cette etude, nous avons quantifie et compare l'humidite des combustibles, les caracteristiques chimiques et l'inflammabilite du feuillage a la suite de l'attaque du dendroctone en termes d'allumabilite, de combustibilite, de | 6132021 |
4,508,841 | The human fibrinolytic system is a target for the staphylococcal metalloprotease aureolysin. The major opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus utilizes the human fibrinolytic system for invasion and spread via plasmin(ogen) binding and non-proteolytic activation. Because S. aureus secretes several proteases recently proposed as virulence factors, we explored whether these enzymes could add to the activation of the host's fibrinolytic system. Exposure of human pro-urokinase [pro-uPA (where uPA is urokinase-type plasminogen activator)] to conditioned growth media from staphylococcal reference strains results in an EDTA-sensitive conversion of the single-chain zymogen into its two-chain active form, an activity not observed in an aureolysin-deficient strain. Using purified aureolysin, we verified the capacity of this thermolysin-like metalloprotease to activate pro-uPA, with a 2.6 x 10(3) M(-1) x s(-1) catalytic efficiency. Moreover, activation also occurs in the presence of human plasma, as well as in conditioned growth media from clinical isolates. Finally, we establish that aureolysin (i) converts plasminogen into angiostatin and mini-plasminogen, the latter retaining its capacity to be activated by uPA and to hydrolyse fibrin, (ii) degrades the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and (iii) abrogates the inhibitory activity of alpha(2)-antiplasmin. Altogether, we propose that, in parallel with the staphylokinase-dependent activation of plasminogen, aureolysin may contribute significantly to the activation of the fibrinolytic system by S. aureus, and thus may promote bacterial spread and invasion. | 1127771 |
4,508,842 | The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in squamous cell carcinoma of the foot: a case report. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer in humans. Because the incidence of metastasis from SCC of the skin is rare, regional lymphadenectomy is generally not recommended for the patients with clinically node-negative disease. However, in patients with an intermediate and high risk of metastasis, evaluation of the lymph nodes to detect the absence of metastatic nodal disease is a difficult task. Here, we present a patient with a large SCC on the dorsum of the foot with clinically negative inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping technique was used to make the decision of the inguinal node dissection. Two sentinel lymph nodes that were biopsy negative were found; therefore, only tumor excision was performed without adding complete inguinal node dissection. The defect was reconstructed with the free flap. After a 4-year carcinoma-free period, we determined that the pathology of the sentinel lymph nodes reflected that of the inguinal region. The use of selective lymphadenectomy technique in extremity SCC is very new. However, it might be useful in staging patients with SCC of the lower extremity by being able to detect absence or presence of occult metastatic nodal disease and avoid unnecessary complete inguinal node dissection. | 11875771 |
4,508,843 | Reconstruction of the breast by tissue expansion. The use of tissue expanders has considerable merit and wide applicability in breast reconstruction. The majority of patients who have undergone conservative modified radical mastectomies in the past fifteen years can be reconstructed without extensive flap procedures. The expansion prosthesis greatly increases the number of patients who can be reconstructed simply with a submuscular prosthesis. | 1690571 |
4,508,844 | Analysis of 'sensitive' periods of fetal and child growth. BACKGROUND Birth weight and weight gain in infancy and early childhood are commonly studied as risk factors for later cardiometabolic diseases. In this study, we explore methods for quantifying weight gain during different age periods and for comparing the magnitude of the associations with later blood pressure. METHODS Based on data from a birth cohort study nested within a large cluster-randomized trial with repeated measures of weight from birth to 16 years of age, we compared the results of four analytic approaches to assess sensitive periods of growth in relation to blood pressure at age 16 years. RESULTS Approaches based on z-scores of weight or weight gain velocity (both standardized for age and sex) or on regression-based conditional weight standardized residuals yielded more coherent results than an approach based on absolute weight gain velocity. Weight gain standardized by sex and age was positively associated with blood pressure at 16 years at all postnatal age periods, but the magnitude of association was larger during adolescence (11.5-16 years) than during earlier intervals (0-3 months, 3-12 months, 1-6.5 years or 6.5-11.5 years). CONCLUSIONS Standardization of weight and weight gain by age and sex, or regression-based standardized residuals based on conditional weight, reflects relative gain and thus accounts for the rapid weight gains normally observed in early infancy and puberty. Adolescence appears to be a more sensitive period for relative weight gain effects on later blood pressure than earlier periods, even those of similar duration. | 4596821 |
4,508,845 | Does the dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases contribute to recurrent implantation failure? ABSTRACT Introduction: The progress in in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques for infertility management has led to the investigation of embryo implantation site proteins such as Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which may have a key role in embryo-endometrium crosstalk and in the molecular mechanisms of the embryo implantation. Areas covered: Numerous studies have generated much information concerning the relation between the different proteins at the site of implantation such as cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and MMPs. However, the exact role of the MMPs in embryo implantation and the impact of their dysregulation in recurrent implantation failure have yet to be characterized. Expert commentary: The proteomic investigation of the MMPs and their molecular pathways may enable scientists and clinicians to correct this dysregulation (via appropriate means of prevention and treatment), better manage embryo transfer during IVF cycles, and thus increase the ongoing pregnancy rate. | 4791721 |
4,508,846 | United States-China Space Offensive: A Dangerous Competition ABSTRACT With the rise of China and the resurgence of Russia in international politics, a new power politics has emerged between the Great Powers, which has extended the arenas of power competition. One such significant and emerging area for the strategic competition is space, as it holds the key to the projection and protection of all forms of power. The paper explores the contours of the emerging space competition between the United States and China and its ramifications. It argues that the emerging commercialization of space will cause legal, political, and environmental issues due to its satellite saturation, space debris, and high competition for space dominance. This competition encompasses various sectors including space tourism, space mining, exploration of Mars, and militarization, weaponization, and territorialization of space. This study attempts to critically view the power competition in space through the lens of offensive realism, proposing that the desire for ‘power in space for states’ hegemony has led to a security dilemma between United States and China, which has far-reaching consequences for international peace and stability. | 252703221 |
4,508,847 | Piezogenerator impedance matching using Mason equivalent circuit for harvester identification Any piezoelectric generator structure can be modeled close to its resonance by an equivalent circuit derived from the well known Mason equivalent circuit. This equivalent circuit can therefore be used in order to optimize the harvested power using usual electrical impedance matching. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the full process leading to the definition of the proper passive load allowing the optimization of the harvested energy of any harvesting device. First, the electric equivalent circuit of the generator is derived from the Mason equivalent circuit of a seismic harvester. Theoretical ideal impedance matching and optimal load analyze is then given emphasizing the fact that for a given acceleration a constant optimal output power is achievable for any frequency as long as the optimal load is feasible. Identification of the equivalent circuit of an experimental seismic harvester is then derived and matched impedance is defined both theoretically and experimentally. Results demonstrate that an optimal load can always be obtained and that the corresponding output power is constant. However, it is very sensitive to this impedance, and that even if impedance matching is a longtime well known technique, it is not really experimentally and practically achievable. | 122214121 |
4,508,848 | Unifying Synchronization and Events in a Multicore Operating System Effective coordination and synchronization between processes remains a challenge that becomes even more important with the rise of multicore hardware. This thesis introduces Octopus, a coordination service for the Barrelfish operating system. Octopus addresses the problem of coordination between concurrent processes or activities in Barrelfish. The Octopus design is influenced by ideas from distributed computing. We show that these ideas are transferrable to operating systems. We used a declarative, logic programming engine to implement parts of the Octopus service and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of this approach. In a case study, we used Octopus to write a service that is responsible for device management and bootstrapping the OS as well as a replacement for the Barrelfish name server. Our experience with Octopus has shown that it simplifies programming services that require complex coordination patterns by a great deal, while at the same time offering a flexible API for a programmer to solve a wide range of coordination and synchronization problems. | 12102821 |
4,508,849 | In This Issue of the Journal. August 2020 1 Robert J. Gropler, MD Editor in Chief, Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging I want to welcome you to the August issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. This special theme issue entitled “Heart-Brain Interactions” focuses on our growing understanding of the cross talk between the heart and brain in various diseases. The nidus for this issue was a plenary session devoted to this topic that was held at the American Heart Association’s 2019 Scientific Sessions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The issue contains new science investigating this relationship, as well as review articles providing in-depth perspectives of key components of the interaction on heart and brain in disease. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a significant risk of stroke. Current scoring systems for atrial fibrillation–related stroke are primarily based on demographic and clinical characteristics. It remains unclear whether measurements of left atrial strain may improve risk stratification of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. Liao et al report left atrial strain measurements by a 3-beat method are feasible and reproducible in atrial fibrillation patients and provide additional prognostic implication over clinical information and conventional echocardiographic measures for ischemic stroke. Neurobiological responses, as reflected by the level of amygdalar activity, to chronic exposure to socioeconomic or environmental stressors varies across individuals. However, it is unknown whether the magnitude of the response in amygdalar activity modulates the relationship between the chronic stress exposure and cardiovascular risk and if so, the extent to which vascular inflammation contributes to this modulation. Using whole-body positron emission tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, | 221124471 |
4,508,850 | Dar and colleagues provide evidence that the magnitude of the amygdalar response to chronic stress exposure is associated with altered cardiovascular risk, at least in part, via vascular inflammation. Although mental stress has been shown to be a determinant of angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease, brain mechanisms responsible for this association are unclear. Moazzami et al report that patients with coronary artery disease exhibit a dose-response relationship between stress-induced inferior frontal lobe activation (measured with positron emission tomography and 15O-water) and angina frequency and that mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (measured with single-photon emission computed tomography) and other brain regions associated with pain processing (thalamus, insula, and amygdala) partly mediate the relationship. While coronary artery calcium score is a well-established biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis burden and cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic patients, its predictive accuracy continues to be refined based on the types of cardiovascular events (eg, coronary artery disease versus stroke) and across sex and race/ethnic groups. Leveraging the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Dallas Heart Study, Mehta and colleagues provide further refinement by reporting coronary artery cal© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. EDITOR’S NOTE | 221124471 |
4,508,851 | A Mn(II)-Mn(III) EPR signal arises from the interaction of NO with the S1 state of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II. It was shown recently [Goussias, C., Ioannidis, N., and Petrouleas, V. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 9261-9266] that incubation of photosystem II preparations with NO at -30 degrees C in the dark results in the formation of a new intermediate of the water-oxidizing complex. This is characterized by an EPR signal centered at g = 2 with prominent manganese hyperfine structure. We have examined the detailed structure of the signal using difference EPR spectroscopy. This is facilitated by the observations that NO can be completely removed without decrease or modification of the signal, and illumination at 0 degree C eliminates the signal. The signal spans 1600 G and is characterized by sharp hyperfine structure. 14NO and 15NO cw EPR combined with pulsed ENDOR and ESEEM studies show no detectable contributions of the nitrogen nucleus to the spectrum. The spectrum bears similarities to the experimental spectrum of the Mn(II)-Mn(III) catalase [Zheng, M., Khangulov, S. V., Dismukes, G. C., and Barynin, V. V. (1994) Inorg. Chem. 33, 382-387]. Simulations allowing small variations in the catalase-tensor values result in an almost accurate reproduction of the NO-induced signal. This presents strong evidence for the assignment of the latter to a magnetically isolated Mn(II)-Mn(III) dimer. Since the starting oxidation states of Mn are higher than II, we deduce that NO acts effectively as a reductant, e.g., Mn(III)-Mn(III) + NO--> Mn(II)-Mn(III) + NO+. The temperature dependence of the nonsaturated EPR-signal intensity in the | 25093971 |
4,508,852 | range 2-20 K indicates that the signal results from a ground state. The cw microwave power saturation data in the range 4-8 K can be interpreted assuming an Orbach relaxation mechanism with an excited state at delta = 42 K. Assuming antiferromagnetic coupling, -2JS1.S2, between the two manganese ions, J is estimated to be 10 cm-1. The finding that an EPR signal from the Mn cluster of PSII can be clearly assigned to a magnetically isolated Mn(II)-Mn(III) dimer bears important consequences in interpreting the structure of the Mn cluster. Although the signal is not currently assigned to a particular S state, it arises from a state lower than S1, possibly lower than S0, too. | 25093971 |
4,508,853 | SSZ-87: a borosilicate zeolite with unusually flexible 10-ring pore openings. The structure of the as-synthesized borosilicate zeolite SSZ-87 has been solved by combining high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) and rotation electron diffraction (RED) techniques. The unit cell and space group symmetry were found from the XPD data, and were essential for the initial analysis of the RED data. Although the RED data were only 15% complete, this proved to be enough for structure solution with the program Focus. The framework topology is the same as that of ITQ-52 (IFW), but for SSZ-87 the locations of the structure directing agent (SDA) and the B atoms could also be determined. SSZ-87 has large cages interconnected by 8- and 10-rings. However, results of hydroisomerization and Al insertion experiments are much more in line with those found for 12-ring zeolites. This prompted the structure analyses of SSZ-87 after calcination, and Al insertion. During calcination, the material is also partially deboronated, and the location of the resulting vacancies is consistent with those of the B atoms in the as-synthesized material. After Al insertion, SSZ-87 was found to contain almost no B and to be defect free. In its calcined and deboronated form, the pore system of SSZ-87 is more flexible than those of other 10-ring zeolites. This can be explained by the fact that the large cages in SSZ-87 are connected via single rather than double 10-ring windows and that there are vacancies in some of these 10-rings. | 22208471 |
4,508,854 | Space science. Mars mission delayed as mad dash to prep probe falls short. Space ScienceRussia and China were gearing up to send a pair of probes next month to Mars and Phobos, the larger of the two martian moons, and return samples from Phobos. But a breakneck effort to get the main spacecraft ready fell short, and last week the Russian Federal Space Agency, known as Roscosmos, announced that the launch will be postponed until 2011—the next favorable window. | 28524721 |
4,508,855 | Effects of physical training on proprioception in older women. Older adulthood is accompanied by declines in muscular strength, coordination, function, and increased risk of falling. Resistance training increases muscular strength in this population but its effect on proprioception is unknown. To evaluate the effect of resistance training on proprioception, community dwelling older women completed a three-month exercise study. A resistance training (RT) group (N=19) underwent supervised weight training three times per week while a non-strength trained control (NSTC) group (N=19) performed range-of-motion activities that mimicked the movements of the RT group without the benefit of muscle loading. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks for strength and proprioception. Muscular strength was assessed by measuring the subject's one repetition maximum performance on four different exercises. Static proprioception was measured by the subject's ability to reproduce a target knee joint angle while dynamic proprioception was measured by the subject's ability to detect passive knee motion. The RT group made significant strength improvements compared to the NSTC group. Proprioception significantly improved in both groups by 6 weeks. Our findings suggest that improvements in proprioception can be obtained via regular activity that is independent of heavy muscle loading. | 9062871 |
4,508,856 | On-chip optical interconnection network performance evaluation using power penalty metrics from silicon photonic modulators We examine the complex relationship between experimentally-measured power penalty performance metrics of a silicon photonic modulator, and its broad impact on the throughput performance of a full-scale on-chip optical interconnection network. Using our physically-accurate network-level simulation environment, we further evaluate this impact from hypothetical device performance improvements. The results indicate that in order to achieve the highest throughput, an intricate balance must be reached between modulation rate and device performance. | 15112721 |
4,508,857 | Intensification and persistence of kharif agricultural drought during 1987 Weekly Aridity Index (AI) based on Thornthwaite's water balance technique has been employed to study the intensification and persistence of. kharif agricultural drought during the southwest monsoon season of 1987, In 33 meteorological sub-divisions of India, by adopting a simple criterion. The periods and areas of maximum intensification and persistence have been identified. The analysis revealed that intensification occurred in only seven sub-divisions confined mostly to the northern and western regions of the country. Persistence was invariably associated with intensification whereas reverse observation was not perceptible. Mixed mode drought persistence was maximum in Rajasthan and Gujarat region. A comparison with meteorological drought, however, revealed that either intensification or persistence of agricultural drought did occur in those sub-divisions that were affected by severe meteorological drought. | 248444571 |
4,508,858 | Data assimilation and parameter estimation via ensemble Kalman filter coupled with stochastic moment equations of transient groundwater flow The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a powerful tool for assimilating data in earth system models. The approach allows real time Bayesian updating of system states and parameters as new data become available. This paper focuses on EnKF data assimilation in models of groundwater flow through complex geologic media. It has become common to treat the hydraulic conductivity of such media as correlated random fields conditioned on measured conductivity (medium property) and/or hydraulic head (system state) values. This renders the conductivity nonstationary and the corresponding conditional flow equations stochastic. Solving these equations and coupling them with EnKF generally entails computationally intensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We propose to circumvent the need for MC through a direct solution of approximate nonlocal (integrodifferential) equations that govern the space‐time evolution of conditional ensemble means (statistical expectations) and covariances of hydraulic heads and fluxes. We illustrate and explore our approach on synthetic two‐dimensional examples in which a well pumps water from a randomly heterogeneous aquifer subject to prescribed head and flux boundary conditions. Embedding the solution in EnKF provides sequential updates of conductivity and head estimates throughout the space‐time domain of interest. We demonstrate the computational feasibility and accuracy of our methodology, showing that hydraulic conductivity estimates are more sensitive to early than to later head values and improve with increasing assimilation frequency at early time. | 129655371 |
4,508,859 | Human Subject Research Protection Ethics in the Research and Development (R&D) of Non-lethal Weapons ABSTRACT Non-lethal weapons (NLW) have become an increasingly important class of weapons. Creating these armaments requires examination of ethical issues in their research and development processes. Chief among these ethical concerns is the need for research, testing, and evaluation of these weapons against their intended targets: people. Research and development of NLW can be compromised by the avoidance of human target experimentation. At the root of this avoidance is a lack of knowledge of the ethical and regulatory guidelines that govern human subject research within the NLW community. As with all research, NLW research activities must comply with regulations that rest on the ethical concepts of Beneficence, Justice, and Respect for Persons. However, moderate modification must be made in the typical framework surrounding ethical oversight of NLW experimentation. The process discussed entails a sequence of questions “Is the activity research?”, “Is the risk worth the benefit?”, “How is the potential subject informed of the risks of participating?” and “How are the risks of harm to the subject mitigated throughout the experiment?” The ethical conduct of NLW research is vital to protecting the rights of subjects and increasing the pace of developments of NLW armaments. | 229935921 |
4,508,860 | A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction Many developed countries are experiencing a rapidly “greying” population, and cognitive decline is common in the elderly. There is no cure for dementia, and pharmacotherapy options to treat cognitive dysfunction provide limited symptomatic improvements. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), a popular herb highly valued in Ayurvedic medicine, has often been used to aid memory and cognition. This systematic review thus aimed to evaluate the clinical evidence base and investigate the potential role of W. somnifera in managing cognitive dysfunction. Using the following keywords [withania somnifera OR indian ginseng OR Ashwagandha OR winter cherry] AND [brain OR cognit* OR mental OR dementia OR memory], a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Clinicaltrials.gov databases found five clinical studies that met the study's eligibility criteria. Overall, there is some early clinical evidence, in the form of randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials, to support the cognitive benefits of W. somnifera supplementation. However, a rather heterogeneous study population was sampled, including older adults with mild cognitive impairment and adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. In most instances, W. somnifera extract improved performance on cognitive tasks, executive function, attention, and reaction time. It also appears to be well tolerated, with good adherence and minimal side effects. | 208165571 |
4,508,861 | Critical illness with AH1N1v influenza in pregnancy: a comparison of two population‐based cohorts Please cite this paper as: Knight M, Pierce M, Seppelt I, Kurinczuk J, Spark P, Brocklehurst P, McLintock C, Sullivan E, on behalf of the UK’s Obstetric Surveillance System, the ANZIC Influenza Investigators, and the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System. Critical illness with AH1N1v influenza in pregnancy: a comparison of two population‐based cohorts. BJOG 2011;118:232–239. | 26587821 |
4,508,862 | A Semi-Parametric Model for Longitudinal Count Data Longitudinal count data analysis has been widely used in various social science and nature science. In this paper, we proposed a semi-parametric negative multinomia model for longitudinal count data. Using local likelihood technique and marginal distribution, we proposed an estimation procedure for our new model. The finite-sample properties are studied with a simulation study. | 122284071 |
4,508,863 | Development of small-sized aperture camera (SAC) for high-performance imaging on small satellites SAC is a compact camera for imaging in visible-NIR spectral ranges. SAC provides high-resolution images over the wide geometric and spectral ranges: 10 m GSD and 50 km swath-width in the spectral ranges of 520 ~ 890 nm. The missions incorporate various imaging operations: multi-spectral imaging; super swath-width imaging with cameras in parallel; along-track stereo imaging with slanted 2 cameras. In this paper, SAC is introduced with design and performance. Though developed for small satellites, presenting development status and test results will demonstrate the potential capability for worldwide remote sensing groups: short development period, cost-effectiveness, and high performance. | 128626871 |
4,508,864 | [Investigation of the arsenic levels in ecosystem aspect in water type of endemic arsenicosis area in Datong City]. OBJECTIVE To investigate the arsenic levels in endemic arsenism in Datong City, Shanxi Province. METHODS A total of 85 inhabitants from one village in endemic arsenism area in Datong City, Shanxi Province were collected as research subjects. The People's Republic of China health industry standard for endemic arsenism was used to identify and diagnosis the patients. Daily drinking water and soil were collected and detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The content of vegetables were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS In the study, 85 samples were collected. Arsenic concentration in the daily drinking water were 14.41 - 90.34 μg/L, and the median value was 43.88 μg/L. The arsenic concentration of vegetables were 0.001 - 0.771 mg/kg, and 43.04% of samples, were higher than the maximal permissible limit of As in food. The results that the arsenic concentration of vegetables constant changes in the leaf vegetables > tubers > fruit vegetables. The health risk of intaking arsenic pollution in vegetables up to 71.77%. The arsenic levels in village of four directions were not exceeded the Chinese standards. CONCLUSIONS Arsenic concentration in drinking water and vegetables are high in waterborn endemic arsenicosis area of Shanxi province. Arsenic in drinking water has been considered as a primary cause of arsenism, but direct intake of arsenic from vegetables can not be ignored. | 12260871 |
4,508,865 | Management of hepatitis B in China. A randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B to compare the efficacy of once-daily lamivudine and placebo on serum HBV DNA, and to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of lamivudine. Patients received lamivudine 100 mg (n = 322) or placebo (n = 107) once daily for 12 weeks, and were then offered open-label lamivudine treatment for 2 years. Lamivudine therapy resulted in increased hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss and seroconversion (loss of HBeAg plus the development of antibodies to HBeAg) in patients with high baseline serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. At 2 years, loss of HBeAg was achieved by 27% (38/140), 38% (25/66) and 60% (9/15), and seroconversion was achieved by 17% (24/140), 24% (16/66) and 33% (5/15) of patients with baseline serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations of >1 x upper limit of normal (ULN), >2 x ULN and >5 x ULN, respectively. With lamivudine treatment, serum HBV DNA decreased rapidly to very low concentrations and remained low throughout the 2 years of the study. At 1 year, 15% (43/295) of patients in the lamivudine group had developed YMDD (tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate amino acid motif of HBV polymerase) variant HBV. These patients derived clinical benefit with continued lamivudine therapy, demonstrated by serum HBV DNA and ALT concentrations below baseline, or normal serum ALT concentrations. Lamivudine was well tolerated and an effective once-daily oral therapy for Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B with viral replication and liver disease. | 25109571 |
4,508,866 | Semiotics-based Manufacturing System Integration The primary intention of this special issue (SI) is to promote semiotics as a candidate framework for a new Manufacturing System Integration (MSI) paradigm. Considering semiotics as an emergent discipline in engineering, there is a question: are there, and (supposing there are) what are the implications of semiotics for the MSI? In other words, could semiotics be a new theoretical, or meta-theoretical, base for the conceptual, theoretical or practical shift in MSI discipline? Or, to be inclusive (or conservative): could semiotics represent an extension of the solution space in conceptual, theoretical, and/or practical terms, for the MSI discipline? The need for the new MSI paradigm is more and more obvious for several reasons: | 13393671 |
4,508,867 | Legislating Without Constraints: The Effect of Minority Districting on Legislators' Responsiveness to Constituency Preferences Numerous critics have charged that the practice of minority districting, by weakening the electoral incentives central to representative behavior, leads legislators to be less responsive to constituency opinion. Using data on referenda and initiative voting to estimate constituency preferences in each of California's 80 Assembly districts, I assess the correspondence between district opinion and roll call voting for legislators from majority-minority and majority-white districts. I show that constituency preferences can explain the voting decisions of legislators equally well across districts. Despite the low levels of competition and voter turnout found in majority-minority districts, legislators from these districts are no less responsive to the policy demands of their constituents. | 32270471 |
4,508,868 | Higher Ultrafiltration Rate Is Associated with Longer Dialysis Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Conventional Hemodialysis Background: Increased mortality and morbidity are reported in association with high ultrafiltration rate (UFR) and with long dialysis recovery time (DRT). We studied the association between UFR and DRT. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study was conducted. Patients on thrice-weekly hemodialysis (HD) with self-reported DRT between August and December 2014 were included. We examined the association of 30-day average UFR with recovery time. Results: The total number of patients included in this study was 2,689. DRT in categories of immediate recovery, >0-≤2, >2-≤6, >6-≤12, and >12 h, were reported in 27, 28, 17, 9, and 20% of the patients respectively. In multivariable analysis, longer DRT was associated with female gender, non-black race, higher body weight, lower serum albumin, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, missed dialysis sessions, higher pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure, and larger UF volume. Compared to UFR of <10, UFR ≥13 mL/kg/h was associated with longer DRT, OR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.36), and 1.28 (95% CI 1.06-1.54) in the unadjusted and the adjusted analyses respectively. Intradialytic hypotension was also associated with longer DRT in the unadjusted (per 10% higher frequency, OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01-1.07]) and adjusted analyses (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00-1.07]). Conclusion: Long recovery time is common after HD. Rapid fluid removal is associated with longer DRT. | 4973371 |
4,508,869 | Quantum-Dot Phase Modulator Operating at 1300 nm We analyze the properties of InAs-GaAs quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers operating around 1300 nm. Using radiofrequency current modulation and phase sensitive detection, we characterize the phase-amplitude coupling (alpha-factor) as a function of injection current density. We obtain values for a up to 39 when the ground state is heavily saturated, and demonstrate large-signal phase modulator operation of the device. | 45490471 |
4,508,870 | A scalable distributed positioning system augmenting WiFi technology This paper presents a distributed localization system for indoor environment based on a network of compact anchor nodes. The system is based on available low-cost commercial components and it is capable of standard WiFi connectivity at 2.45 GHz. The basic node is equipped with a switch-beam antenna, which is the enabling technology for a Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation based on Maximum-Likelihood criteria. The adopted DoA estimation procedure is tolerant to noisy power measurements, making it suitable for low-cost effective solutions based on RSSI measurements. The node is designed to be placed in an unobtrusive area for the movement of a mobile target node and is capable to operating as an independent anchor, but it is optimized to cooperate with other identical nodes to form a coordinated network of anchors, capable to monitor an extended indoor area. An experimental characterization demonstrates the DoA performance of the single node. | 206930121 |
4,508,871 | [BLG gene knockout and hLF gene knock-in at BLG locus in goat by TALENs]. To knock out β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene and insert human lactoferrin (hLF) coding sequence at BLG locus of goat, the transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) mediated recombination was used to edit the BLG gene of goat fetal fibroblast, then as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. We designed a pair of specific plasmid TALEN-3-L/R for goat BLG exon III recognition sites, and BLC14-TK vector containing a negative selection gene HSV-TK, was used for the knock in of hLF gene. TALENs plasmids were transfected into the goat fetal fibroblast cells, and the cells were screened three days by 2 μg/mL puromycin. DNA cleavage activities of cells were verified by PCR amplification and DNA production sequencing. Then, targeting vector BLC14-TK and plasmids TALEN-3-L/R were co-transfected into goat fetal fibroblasts, both 700 μg/mL G418 and 2 μg/mL GCV were simultaneously used to screen G418-resistant cells. Detections of integration and recombination were implemented to obtain cells with hLF gene site-specific integration. We chose targeting cells as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. The mutagenicity of TALEN-3-L/R was between 25% and 30%. A total of 335 reconstructed embryos with 6 BLG-/hLF+ targeting cell lines were transferred into 16 recipient goats. There were 9 pregnancies confirmed by ultrasound on day 30 to 35 (pregnancy rate of 39.1%), and one of 50-day-old fetus with BLG-/hLF+ was achieved. These results provide the basis for hLF gene knock-in at BLG locus of goat and cultivating transgenic goat of low allergens | 32192321 |
4,508,872 | and rich hLF in the milk. | 32192321 |
4,508,873 | Research on Waveform Design and Imaging of MIMO-SAR MIMO SAR, a new type of SAR imaging system, is an effective way to solve the problem of HRWS (high-resolution and wide-swath). The core issue of MIMO SAR is the design of orthogonal waveforms. Microwaves with good-orthogonality, high-coherence, simple transmitting and large time-bandwidth product are beneficial for high-resolution imaging. Both the positive and negative frequency modulated signals and the short-term shift-orthogonal signals are suitable transmit signals for MIMO SAR. In this paper, based on the positive and negative frequency modulated signals and the short-term shift-orthogonal signals, we analyze the imaging performance of the two transmit signals by the correlation functions and imaging results of point targets. On this basis, through the ingenious combination of the positive and negative frequency modulated signals and the short-term shift-orthogonal signals, we design the four orthogonal transmit waveforms for MIMO SAR. The simulation of their correlation functions verifies the effectiveness of the four transmit waveform design. | 221283021 |
4,508,874 | Permanent Magnets Aging in Variable Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) operation above based speed is typically achieved by injecting negative $\boldsymbol{d}$-axis current to produce flux weakening. However, this increases permanent magnet (PM) losses, penalizing the efficiency and increasing the risk of demagnetization. Variable Flux PMSMs (VF-PMSM) in which PMs are magnetized/demagnetized during normal operation of the drive have been proposed to avoid the use of flux weakening current. However, aging effects due to PM magnetization/demagnetization cycles have not thoroughly studied yet. This paper analyzes the variation of NdFeB PMs properties (i.e. magnetic, electric and thermal properties) resulting from magnetization/demagnetization cycles.11This work was supported in part by the Research, Technological Development and Innovation Programs of the Spanish Ministry Economy and Competitiveness, under grant MINECO-17-ENE2016-80047-R. | 54452671 |
4,508,875 | Dual-Energy Computer Tomography and Digital Radiography Investigation of Organic and Inorganic Materials By means of a home made X-ray dual-energy computer tomography (CT) provided with a double set of X-ray detector arrays separated by a copper foil and by using a proper variant of filtered back projections reconstruction algorithm together with a set of well calibrated standard samples we have been able to determine with a precision varying between 3.5 % and 2 % the density as well as the effective atomic number distribution in any section of a great diversity of samples. In this way it was possible to discriminate different domestic materials that on a normal radiography generate the same signature such as soap, paper, leather, tooth past, the content of spray tubes, etc. The same CT has been use to investigate different geologic samples consisting of sediment cores collected at depth up to 600 m from the continental platform of the Black Sea and fragments of metamorphic rocks collected from the Sibischel shear zone from the Central Carpathian mountains. In the case of deep sea cores we have evidenced about 225 distinct laminae, 2 to 4 mm thick that by means of time series analysis revealed a periodicity of about 7 years, while in the case of metamorphic rocks we have observed diverse features such as garnet size and distribution, shear zones, mica laminations, etc. Numerical values of both density and especially effective atomic numbers allowed distinguishing between natural silicates and calcium carbonates, irrespective of the host rock. | 18236221 |
4,508,876 | Modeling of Nonlinear Propagation in Multi-layer Biological Tissues for Strong Focused Ultrasound A theoretical model of the nonlinear propagation in multi-layered tissues for strong focused ultrasound is proposed. In this model, the spheroidal beam equation (SBE) is utilized to describe the nonlinear sound propagation in each layer tissue, and generalized oblique incidence theory is used to deal with the sound transmission between two layer tissues. Computer simulation is performed on a fat-muscle-liver tissue model under the irradiation of a 1 MHz focused transducer with a large aperture angle of 35°. The results demonstrate that the tissue layer would change the amplitude of sound pressure at the focal region and cause the increase of side petals. | 250894421 |
4,508,877 | A phase I/II dose escalation study of apolizumab (Hu1D10) using a stepped-up dosing schedule in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute leukemia Apolizumab (Hu1D10), a humanized monoclonal anti- Human leukocyte antigen -DR β-chain antibody, mediates apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in vitro. We conducted a phase I/II dose-escalation study of thrice-weekly apolizumab (1.5, 3.0, 5.0 mg/kg/dose) for 4 weeks in relapsed CLL. Two of six patients at 5.0 mg/kg/dose developed treatment-related dose-limiting toxicity (aseptic meningitis, hemolytic uremia). Other toxicities included infusion toxicity, urticaria, and headache. Eleven patients were enrolled in a phase I/II expansion to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 3.0 mg/kg/dose. In total, 23 patients were enrolled (22 CLL, 1 ALL). Nineteen patients with CLL were treated at or above the MTD. One partial response was observed, and three patients had stable disease exceeding 6 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent Cmax increase and serum antibody accumulation after week 1 of therapy. Given the toxicity and lack of efficacy in this and other trials in lymphoma and solid tumors, further development of apolizumab was discontinued. | 22328921 |
4,508,878 | A hybrid-computer model of the cochlear partition. A hybrid‐computer simulation of the Peterson‐Bogert model of the cochlea is reported. The present simulation is shown to be a good representation of the original model except near 10 kHz. The output of the model at one point has many similarities to recent experimental data. In particular, the low‐frequency slope of the amplitude function is +6 dB/oct and the high‐frequency slope is steeply negative. The phase function shows a break from linearity near the resonance frequency and approaches +90° at low frequencies. Quantitative discrepancies between model and experimental data exist, but they could be appreciably reduced by changes in parameter values. Incorporating nonlinear membrane damping in the simulation produces nonlinear effects similar to those observed in the cochlea. With increasing intensity, the displacement peak becomes relatively reduced and occurs at a somewhat lower frequency. | 28594621 |
4,508,879 | Multiple relaxation modes in associative polymer networks with varying connectivity. The dynamics and mechanics of networks depend sensitively on their spatial connectivity. To explore the effect of connectivity on local network dynamics, we prepare transient polymer networks in which we systematically cut connecting bonds. We do this by creating networks formed from hydrophobically modified difunctionalized polyethylene glycol chains. These form physical gels, consisting of flowerlike micelles that are transiently cross-linked by connecting bridges. By introducing monofunctionalized chains, we can systematically reduce the number of bonds between micelles and thus lower the network connectivity, which strongly reduces the network elasticity and relaxation time. Dynamic light scattering reveals a complex relaxation dynamics that are not apparent in bulk rheology. We observe three distinct relaxation modes. First we find a fast diffusive mode that does not depend on the number of bridges and is attributed to the diffusion of micelles within a cage formed by neighboring micelles. A second, intermediate mode depends strongly on network connectivity but surprisingly is independent of the scattering vector q. We attribute this viscoelastic mode to fluctuations in local connectivity of the network. The third, slowest mode is also diffusive and is attributed to the diffusion of micelle clusters through the viscoelastic matrix. These results shed light on the microscopic dynamics in weakly interconnected transient networks. | 45322921 |
4,508,880 | Time involvement in journal reading and a suggested facilitation. In the field of continuing postgraduate education, the reading of professional journals is an accepted method of keeping informed in regard to new developments and contemporary thought on different philosophies of treatment. Not only is such reading realized as being an efficient educational vehicle, but there is now a growing awareness of the actual necessity for any clinician to set aside specific time to the exercise. It is not always readily apparent, however, how great the time commitment can be, even when the reading is limited to selected articles. This paper sets out to indicate in quantitative terms the time that could be expected to be utilized by both general dental practitioners and academic teachers if a thorough and conscientious perusal of the journals were to be undertaken. A practical strategy for facilitating at least part of the problem is put forward in the hope of reaching a helpful compromise. | 39824271 |
4,508,881 | Socialize More, Pay Less: Randomized Field Experiments on Social Pricing We propose social pricing, a novel pricing framework under which consumers with higher social capital enjoy a better price. Conceptually, social pricing enables firms to achieve price discrimination based on a consumer’s social value. This is in sharp contrast with traditional price discrimination strategies where price differentiation typically hinges on consumers’ personal value. We design and conduct two randomized field experiments on a leading online fresh food retailer to understand the value of social pricing. Social pricing has been commonly credited for its effectiveness in new customer acquisition. Interestingly, our study reveals that it is also highly effective on existing consumers. Our analysis shows that social pricing can increase an online retailer’s profit by 40% solely from existing consumers, compared with regular firm-offered discounts. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms reveals that perceived engagement and social cost are the main drivers, which not only help to increase purchasing frequency but also induce higher order value per purchase. In a follow-up experiment, we vary the rules of social interactions by requiring heterogeneity in consumers’ purchasing frequencies. The results suggest that a heterogeneity-based strategy can further amplify the benefits of social pricing. | 245888871 |
4,508,882 | Defective O-glycosylation due to a novel homozygous S129P mutation is associated with lack of fibroblast growth factor 23 secretion and tumoral calcinosis. BACKGROUND Homozygous mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF23) have recently been described as the genetic cause of one form of hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). However, it remained unclear to date how these mutations lead to loss of biologically active FGF23 in the circulation. METHODS We here report a novel homozygous mutation, c.385T>C in FGF23 exon 2, which changes codon 129 from serine to proline (S129P) in a previously described individual affected by HFTC. The S129P mutation as well as two known FGF23 mutations, S71G and S129F, were introduced into an expression vector encoding wild-type (wt) human (h) FGF23 to yield [P129]hFGF23, [F129]hFGF23, and [G71]hFGF23; whole lysates, glycoprotein fractions, and conditioned media from HEK293 and COS-7 cells expressing these constructs were subjected to Western blot analysis using affinity-purified goat anti-hFGF23(51-69) and anti-hFGF23(206-222) antibodies. RESULTS We detected 25- and 32-kDa protein species in total lysates of HEK293 cells expressing wt-hFGF23. The 32-kDa band, representing O-glycosylated hFGF23, was not detectable in the glycoprotein fraction of lysates from HEK293 cells expressing [P129]hFGF23, and in comparison with wt-FGF23 only small amounts of [P129]hFGF23 were secreted into the medium. Similar results were obtained for cells expressing [G71]hFGF23 and [F129]hFGF23. CONCLUSION Our data for the first time directly show that FGF23 mutations associated with HFTC impair O-glycosylation in vitro resulting in poor secretion of the mutant hormone thereby explaining the characteristic hyperphosphatemic phenotype of homozygous carriers in vivo. | 29310171 |
4,508,883 | A Hypomorphic Allele in the FGF8 Gene Contributes to Holoprosencephaly and Is Allelic to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency in Humans Holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common malformation of the human forebrain, may arise due to interacting genetic and environmental factors. To date, at least 12 contributory genes have been identified. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) belongs to the FGF family of genes expressed in several developmental signaling centers, including the anterior neural ridge, which is implicated in midline anomalies in mice. In humans, FGF8 mutations have been previously reported in facial clefting and in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but have not been reported in patients with HPE. We screened 360 probands with HPE for sequence variations in FGF8 using High Resolution DNA Melting (HRM) and sequenced all identified variations. Here we describe a total of 8 sequence variations in HPE patients, including a putative loss-of-function mutation in 3 members of a family with variable forms of classic HPE, and relate these findings to the phenotypes seen in other conditions. | 25037621 |
4,508,884 | Complexity Estimation for Feature Tracking Data Figure 1.Left: Synthetic Voronoi data set to mimick the behavior of dissipation elements. Points are seeded randomly inside this data set and each volume cell is labeled with its cell center. These are colored by cell center ID. Middle: Dissipation element data set, colored by ID Right: Dissipation element data set, colored by predicted complexity of the problemFeature tracking is a method of time-varying data analysis. Due to the complexity of the underlying problem, different feature tracking algorithms have different levels of correctness in certain use cases. However, there is no efficient way to evaluate their performance on simulation data since there is no ground-truth easily obtainable. Synthetic data is a way to ensure a minimum level of correctness, though there are limits to their expressiveness when comparing the results to simulation data. To close this gap, we calculate a synthetic data set and use its results to extract a hypothesis about the algorithm performance that we can apply to simulation data. | 195223871 |
4,508,885 | GENERATION OF TRIP FORECASTING MODEL FOR SARDAR PATEL RING ROAD: A CASE STUDY OF AHMEDABAD CITY With about 5.6 Million people, Ahmedabad is the biggest town of Gujarat state in India. Ahmedabad is growing at an exponential rate. As a result, the demand for infrastructure and transportation needs is also increasing. To design any of the transportation facility, scope for future demand is to be incorporated. Traffic is a dynamic phenomenon. Modelling of traffic is quite difficult and arduous task. This study involves the study of traffic in various areas of Ahmedabad within Sardar Patel Ring Road which covers major part of Ahmedabad city with an area of 484 km 2 . This Research project involves modelling of traffic which yields the number of trips generated in future. Out of around 250 houses visited, 130 agreed to provide relevant data for the project and hence 130 Data samples were collected from households by door to door survey. Mathematical modelling of data collected by door to door survey of households within the study area was done. Regression and Co-relation analysis were carried out using 4 parameters. Family size and composition and number of vehicles of different types i.e. two wheelers and four wheelers were taken as parameters for trip generation.It was observed that the most impactful factor for trip generation is the number of two wheelers with correlation coefficient of (+0.97) whereas the least impactful factor was the number of females in a household with correlation coefficient of (-0.05). The parameters chosen for study are relevant in | 240398371 |
4,508,886 | any area of Ahmedabad and hence this model can be used anywhere to estimate the number of trips. | 240398371 |
4,508,887 | Better than Buffett?: a report on the success of the American Head and Neck Society Research Grant Program. It has been well established that a crisis exists in the biomedical research enterprise of clinical surgery departments: the extinction of the surgeon-scientist. A number of factors, including dwindling research funding, decreasing reimbursement from insurance providers, shrinking salaries for researchers, waning interest in academia among graduating residents, and financial pressures on departments for greater clinical productivity, have contributed to this phenomenon in recent years. 1 More importantly, the growing number of basic scientists who are competing with clinicians for investigator-initiated funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with the competitive advantage of clinicians from internal medicine specialties for these funds, has led to fewer awards to surgeons for research funds. 2 The downturn in the United States economy in 2008 has made these issues more pronounced, threatening the viability of many academic medical centers and the research enterprise in many surgical departments. | 30436771 |
4,508,888 | Controlled open drainage of severe intra-abdominal sepsis. Controlled open drainage of the abdomen (gauze in plastic intestinal bag/surgical glove packing of abscesses; wound closure only to the degree needed to prevent evisceration) was compared with closed drainage (soft rubber or sump drains; complete fascial closure) in 31 patients with severe intra-abdominal sepsis. Three (23%) of 13 patients died after open drainage vs eight (44%) of 18 after closed drainage. The difference was attributable to a lower incidence of recurrent abscesses in the former group (one recurrence) than in the latter (six recurrences). Thus, controlled open drainage may improve survival in this highly lethal condition. | 32383171 |
4,508,889 | Towards tangibility in gameplay: building a tangible affective interface for a computer game In this paper we describe a way of controlling the emotional states of a synthetic character in a game (FantasyA) through a tangible interface named SenToy. SenToy is a doll with sensors in the arms, legs and body, allowing the user to influence the emotions of her character in the game. The user performs gestures and movements with SenToy, which are picked up by the sensors and interpreted according to a scheme found through an initial Wizard of Oz study. Different gestures are used to express each of the following emotions: anger, fear, happiness, surprise, sadness and gloating. Depending upon the expressed emotion, the synthetic character in FantasyA will, in turn, perform different actions. The evaluation of SenToy acting as the interface to the computer game FantasyA has shown that users were able to express most of the desired emotions to influence the synthetic characters, and that overall, players, especially children, really liked the doll as an interface. | 10668421 |
4,508,890 | Learning and Development in After-School Programs United States in the latter part of the 19th century. These programs often had humble beginnings in church basements, storefronts, and settlement houses. Over time, the programs proliferated and built themselves into major national organizations, such as the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, 4-H clubs, and the YMCA/YWCA. The 40 largest national youth organizations today have a total membership of about 40 million youths. Over the past 15 years, there has been an explosion of interest in after-school programs. Many major cities, such as Chicago (After School Matters), Los Angeles (LA’s Best), and New York (The After School Corporation), have ramped up their after-school programs so that they are increasingly part of their education and youth services infrastructure. During the Clinton Administration, after-school programs began to receive dedicated funding in the federal budget under the 21st-Century Community Learning Centers Act. With the advent of No Child Left Behind, programs have increasingly emphasized academic support services. This has been controversial in the after-school community, resurfacing long-standing tensions between the goals of positive youth development, academic support, and problem prevention. On balance, participation in after-school programs has been associated with improved academic performance (grade point average, test scores) and psychosocial development (Durlak, Weissberg, and Pachan 2010; Mahoney, Vandell, Simpkins, and Zarrett 2009). Recent years have witnessed an increase in evaluation studies, but few of these evaluations have featured rigorous designs and fewer still address the integration of after-school programs with schools. How, then, do after-school programs address academic learning? How can | 147201171 |
4,508,891 | schools and after-school programs work together for mutual benefit? | 147201171 |
4,508,892 | Self-Assembly and Magnetic Properties of FePt, FeRh Nanoparticles, and FePt/FeRh Nanocomposite Particles FeRh nanoparticles with the composition of Fe<sub>75</sub>Rh<sub>25</sub> and Fe<sub>36</sub>Rh<sub>64</sub> have been fabricated by a solution phase chemical method. After refining and size selection, a particle size is about 2 to 5 nm by HRTEM observation. From XRD results, as-deposited FeRh nanopaticles reveal a typical chemically disordered fcc structure which can be transformed into CsCl-type structure through thermal annealing. In the case of annealed Fe<sub>64</sub>Pt<sub>36</sub> nanoparticles, the perpendicular coercivity increases comparing with that of as-deposited particles. It may be the results of the crystal orientation of fct-phase | 10754721 |
4,508,893 | [Treatment selection for stage I breast cancer--report of 412 cases]. From 1958 to 1982, 412 Stage I breast cancer patients treated by simple operation, operation plus radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are reported. Of them, 312 were treated by radical mastectomy (R), 43 by simple mastectomy (S), 31 by modified radical mastectomy (M), 20 by tumorectomy (T) and 6 by extended radical mastectomy (E). The results showed that M and T with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were similar to R in terms of survival and recurrence rates. There were no differences between R, S, M, E groups and combined treatment group in recurrence rate, but there was a significant difference between T group and combined treatment group (P less than 0.01). Recurrence rate of patients with positive axillary lymph nodes was similar to that of patients with negative nodes, because 91.5% of the former patients received combined treatment, but only 54.3% of the latter patients did (P less than 0.01). Six cases in T group recurred and 4 (67%) of them were retreated by salvage surgery. Three cases survived for 15 years, giving a better result than radical mastectomy. It is indicated that modified radical mastectomy and tumorectomy plus combined treatment are advisable for Stage I breast cancer. Prospective randomized clinical trials for assessment of different treatment modalities are needed. | 37331471 |
4,508,894 | Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. Deliberate self-harm is a major problem in the developing world, responsible for around 600 000 deaths in 1990. The toxicity of available poisons and paucity of medical services ensure that mortality from self-poisoning is far greater in the tropics than in the industrialized world. Few data are available on the poisons most commonly used for self-harm in different parts of the world. This paper reviews the literature on poisoning, to identify the important poisons used for self-harm in these regions. Pesticides are the most important poison throughout the tropics, being both common and associated with a high mortality rate. In some regions, particular pesticides have become the most popular method of self-harm, gaining a notoriety amongst both health-care workers and public. Self-poisoning with medicines such as benzodiazepines and antidepressants is common in urban areas, but associated with few deaths. The antimalarial chloroquine appears the most significant medicine, self-poisoning being common in both Africa and the Pacific region, and often fatal. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is used in many countries but in few has it reached the popularity typical of the UK. Domestic and industrial chemicals are responsible for significant numbers of deaths and long-term disabilities world-wide. Self-poisoning with plant parts, although uncommon globally, is locally popular in some regions. Few of these poisons have specific antidotes. This emphasizes the importance of determining whether interventions aimed at reducing poison absorption actually produce a clinical benefit, reducing death and complication rates. Future research to improve medical management and find effective | 23080571 |
4,508,895 | ways of reducing the incidence of self-harm, together with more widespread provision of interventions proven to be effective, could rapidly reduce the number of deaths from self-poisoning in the developing world. | 23080571 |
4,508,896 | TRANSLUMINAL ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF FENESTRATED DUODENAL MEMBRANES INTRODUCTION: Duodenotomy and resection or lateral duodenoduodenostomy by open or endoscopic surgery has been the traditional treatment of fenestrated duodenal membranes. A radial endoluminal incision of the membrane can widen its diameter and resolve the duodenal obstruction. OBJECTIVE: We describe a new endoscopic procedure for membranectomy of fenestrated duodenal membranes. METHODS: Under general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, we introduced a flexible videopanendoscope into the second duodenal portion to visualize the membrane. Through the fenestration, we inserted a triple-lumen stone extraction balloon of 15 mm. After insufflation, we performed gentle traction to expose the membrane and distinguish its border from the duodenal wall. We dilated the orifice and advanced the endoscope to localize Vater's ampoule. Using a sphincterotome, we performed 1 or 2 radial cuts of 1.5 to 2.0 cm in the membrane in an opposite direction to the ampoule. RESULTS: We performed this procedure on 10 patients. The mean duration of the procedure was 50 minutes. No patient had postoperative pain. Abdominal condition was normal, and all patients started oral intake 18 to 24 hours after the endoscopy. Patients were discharged asymptomatic. They completed 4 months to 4 years of follow-up. Eight continued to be asymptomatic. One had a double duodenal membrane and after 2 endoscopic cuts has occasional vomiting. Another 1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transluminal endoscopic treatment of fenestrated duodenal membranes has been a safe procedure that may be an effective and less invasive alternative to open or laparoscopic surgery. | 72295421 |
4,508,897 | Camera-Based Graphical Symbol Detection In this paper we present a method to locate and recognize graphical symbols appearing in real images. A vectorial signature is defined to describe graphical symbols. It is formulated in terms of accumulated length and angular information computed from polygonal approximation of contours. The proposed method aims to locate and recognize graphical symbols in cluttered environments at the same time, without needing a segmentation step. The symbol signature is tolerant to rotation, scale, translation and to distortions such as weak perspective, blurring effect and illumination changes usually present when working with scenes acquired with low resolution cameras in open environments. | 8080271 |
4,508,898 | Prognostic influence of CDX2 expression in gastric carcinoma after surgery with a curative intent. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES CDX2 is a specific transcription factor with a significant role in the early differentiation and maintenance of intestinal epithelial cells during gastrointestinal development and also as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of CDX2 expression as a prognostic predictor. MATERIAL AND METHODS ninety-two of 206 (44.6%) patients with gastric carcinoma that underwent a curative surgery and had immunohistochemical staining for CDX2 were enrolled into the study; 51.1% were female and the average age was 74.07 years. Overall, 56.5% of tumors were of the intestinal type, 33.7% were diffuse and 9.8% were mixed; 23.9% were T1/T2, 76.1% were T3/T4 and lymph node metastases (N+) were identified in 69.6% of cases; 13% (12) were clinical stage I, 40.2% (37) were stage II and 46.7% (43) were stage III. RESULTS a total of 68.5% (63) expressed CDX2. Our study suggests that CDX2 expression (HR = 0.339, p = 0.024) represents an independent risk marker together with the Lauren type (HR = 3.471, p = 0.022). There was association between a milder clinical stage and CDX2 expression (stage I) (p = 0.046). A significant difference was found in overall survival that favored patients with positive CDX2 expression (85.7% vs 65.5%, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION our results confirm that CDX2 expression in gastric carcinoma is associated with improved prognosis, although further studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions. | 169033471 |
4,508,899 | [Construction of protease resistant mutein of human CNTF and its expression in Pichia pastoris]. AX15 is a mutein of naturally occurring human ciliary neurophic factor (hCNTF), with improved biological activity, stability and solubility. AX15 is susceptible to protease degradation when expressed in Pichia pastoris. Amino acid sequencing revealed the degradation was occurred behind position 12 and 13 amino acid residues, which constitute a dibasic site, RR. Based on the substrate specificity of KEX2, a KEX2 resistant mutein of AX15-AX15 (R13K) was constructed, in which RR was replaced by RK. It was demonstrated that the stability of AX15 (R13K) improved significantly, as no degradation was detected even after 120 hours of induction. AX15 (R13K) was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. TF-1 cell survival bioassay showed AX15 (R13K) had equivalent specific activity to AX15. The protease resistant mutein of AX15 may have greater in vivo stability and thus have superior therapeutic potential. | 12776721 |
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