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4,508,600 | Purchasing Power: US Overseas Defense Spending and Military Statecraft The literature on economic statecraft has long focused on the effectiveness of foreign aid and trade as tools of inducement. However, existing scholarship largely neglects the role played by government procurement. By choosing to purchase goods or hire labor in foreign states, governments can provide economic benefits for strategic ends. The United States in particular leverages its defense procurement as a foreign policy tool. We introduce a new data set of US government procurement using information on all contracts executed overseas from 2000 to 2015. We develop a typology of how states use procurement to achieve foreign policy goals—power projection, counterinsurgency, and development—and provide descriptive statistics to explore variation in spending across countries and over time. We illustrate the power of the contract data by using it to code US military access in Africa, assess the relationship between spending and economic growth, and test whether economic inducements can buy influence. | 197796921 |
4,508,601 | Expression, linkage, and polymorphism of MHC-related genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The architecture of the MHC in teleost fish, which display a lack of linkage between class I and II genes, differs from all other vertebrates. Because rainbow trout have been examined for a variety of immunologically relevant genes, they present a good teleost model for examining both the expression and organization of MHC-related genes. Full-length cDNA and partial gDNA clones for proteasome delta, low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 2, TAP1, TAP2A, TAP2B, class Ia, and class IIB were isolated for this study. Aside from the expected polymorphisms associated with class I genes, LMP2 and TAP2 are polygenic. More specifically, we found a unique lineage of LMP2 (LMP2/delta) that shares identity to both LMP2 and delta but is expressed like the standard LMP2. Additionally, two very different TAP2 loci were found, one of which encodes polymorphic alleles. In general, the class I pathway genes are expressed in most tissues, with highest levels in lymphoid tissue. We then analyzed the basic genomic organization of the trout MHC in an isogenic backcross. The main class Ia region does not cosegregate with the class IIB locus, but LMP2, LMP2/delta, TAP1A, and TAP2B are linked to the class Ia locus. Interestingly, TAP2A (second TAP2 locus) is a unique lineage in sequence composition that appears not to be linked to this cluster or to class IIB. These results support and extend the recent findings of nonlinkage between class I and II in a different teleost order (cyprinids), suggesting that this | 15756321 |
4,508,602 | unique arrangement is common to all teleosts. | 15756321 |
4,508,603 | Sarcopenia predicts reduced survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at first diagnosis. Background. Sarcopenia is a complication and independent risk factor for mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. AIM To assess the prevalence and influence of sarcopenia on overall survival in a cohort of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma managed in a tertiary center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Abdominal computed tomography of 92 consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhotic patients, enrolled and followed from 2004 to 2014, were retrospectively studied with a software analyzing the cross-sectional areas of muscles at third lumbar vertebra level. Data was normalized for height, skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated and presence of Sarcopenia measured. Sarcopenia was defined by SMI ≤ 41 cm2/m2 for women and ≤ 53 cm2/m2 for men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, and ≤ 43 cm2/m2 for men and women with BMI < 25, respectively. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 71.9 years (30.7-86.4) and BMI 24.7 (17.5-36.7), comparable in women 23.1, (17.5-36.7) and men 24.7 (18.4-36.7). A class of CHILD score and BCLC A prevailed (55.4% and 41.3%, respectively); metastatic disease was found in 12% of cases. Sarcopenia was present in 40.2% of cases, mostly in females (62.9%; p = 0.005). Mean overall survival was reduced in sarcopenic patients, 66 (95% CI 47 to 84) vs. 123 (95% CI 98 to 150) weeks (p = 0.001). At multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was a predictor of reduced overall survival, independent of age (p = 0.0027). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study shows high prevalence of sarcopenia among cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 44632521 |
4,508,604 | Presence of sarcopenia was identified as independent predictor of reduced overall survival. As easily measurable by CT, sarcopenia should be determined for prognostic purposes in this patient population. | 44632521 |
4,508,605 | Evaluation of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1 β Levels in Febrile Status Seizures Background: Seizures triggered by fever are known as febrile seizures, and they are the most common form in children. The cause of febrile seizures is still a mystery, even though numerous studies have been carried out. Researchers have found cytokines may play an important role in the development of febrile seizures. Objective: to evaluate the role of Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β levels in febrile status epilepticus. Patients and methods; This was a prospective case-control study, conducted at the Neurological Unit of the Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt on 52 children (26 in each group), plasma cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) levels were detected as a main part of the initial study design. Results: A significant difference was found between both groups as regard IL-6 and IL-1β . Conclusion: A genetic risk factor for fever-related seizures in children may be associated with promotor variations in IL-1 β genes rather than IL-6 or HMGB1 genes. | 248185371 |
4,508,606 | Erratum: An Epidemiological Compartmental Model With Automated Parameter Estimation and Forecasting of the Spread of COVID-19 With Analysis of Data From Germany and Brazil Citation: Frontiers Production Office (2022) Erratum: An Epidemiological Compartmental Model With Automated Parameter Estimation and Forecasting of the Spread of COVID-19 With Analysis of Data From Germany and Brazil. Front. Appl. Math. Stat. 8:935742. doi: 10.3389/fams.2022.935742 Erratum: An Epidemiological Compartmental Model With Automated Parameter Estimation and Forecasting of the Spread of COVID-19 With Analysis of Data From Germany and Brazil | 249476571 |
4,508,607 | Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates. Fusarium virguliforme is the cause of sudden death syndrome in soybean. Physiological variability among isolates of the fungus is unknown. One way to measure physiologic variability is to analyze growth on different carbon sources. The carbon source utilization profiles of 18 F. virguliforme isolates were examined using the Biolog FF 96-well microplate, which contains 95 different carbon sources. The utilization of dextrin,D-mannitol, maltotriose,D-lactic acid methyl ester, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, salicin, D-trehalose, and L-alanine differed significantly among isolates (P = 0.05). Carbon sources were grouped into 3 clusters based on their ability to promote growth of F. virguliforme, after calculating Euclidean distances among them. About 12% of the carbon sources promoted a high amount of mycelial growth, 39% promoted a medium amount of growth, and 49% promoted a low amount of mycelial growth; the latter was not significantly different from the water blank control. A hierarchical tree diagram was produced for the 18 isolates based on their carbon source utilization profiles using Ward's hierarchical analysis method. Two main clusters of isolates were formed. One cluster represented greater average mycelial growth on all of the carbon sources than the other cluster. In this study, variability in carbon source utilization among F. virguliforme isolates was evident, but the results were not associated with geographic origin of the isolates, year collected, or published data on aggressiveness. Additional research is needed to determine if these carbon utilization profiles are associated with other biological characteristics, like spore germination, propagule formation, and saprophytic competitiveness. | 32119221 |
4,508,608 | Progressive critical care education. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Primary Children’s Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, has developed an orientation and progressive education program to provide both mentorship and clinical guidance for nurses as they move from novice to expert in the critical care environment. The PICU is a diversified and challenging place to work. Our unit is a state-of-the-art, 26bed, multidisciplinary unit for children ages newborn to 18 years. These young patients have a wide variety of illness or injury needs, including respiratory distress, multisystem organ failure, multiple trauma, and postoperative cardiovascular care. Nurses are often overwhelmed entering this setting. Because of the nursing shortage, the unit must now hire new graduates. These eager but inexperienced nurses are placed into a special, progressive education program that begins in a medical-surgery area. During the 6 to 12 months when they are assigned to the medical-surgical area, these nurses can gain experience caring for children and acquire organizational skills. Also during this period, they meet once a month with a PICU educator for debriefing and an introduction to skills and critical thinking. With input from the medical-surgical team, the educator and novice nurse mutually decide when it is time to make the transition into the PICU. It is at this time that the nurse begins general orientation. Phases 1 to 3 of the orientation are similar to programs traditionally offered in critical care units, with 6 weeks devoted to didactics and mentored clinical shifts. Because the experience is often intense, only a small amount | 38224721 |
4,508,609 | of the information is actually fully retained by the orientee. These nurses are able to provide adequate care for stable PICU patients of all ages. If, after approximately 4 months of this independent nursing care experience, competence is demonstrated, the nurse begins phase 4 of orientation. During this phase, the novice nurse returns to the classroom for an additional 12 hours of didactics, which focus on neurotrauma and respiratory care as it builds on the basic knowledge foundation established in the earlier orientation phases. Neurotrauma and respiratory concepts such as oxygen transport and assessment and treatment of increased intracranial pressure are reviewed. The course work is followed by 2 mentored shifts caring for unstable patients. The novice learner is given a checklist of skills to complete IN OUR UNIT | 38224721 |
4,508,610 | Response to `Comment on “A critical understanding of the fractal model of metabolic scaling'” The exponent of the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass has been the subject of debate for more than a century. The argument is at two levels, one concerning questions of empirical support for the exponent and the other, how to derive it theoretically. At this second level, the exponent is usually treated as the outcome of an underlying physical burden and approached as the search for a natural law emerging within energetic and geometric constraints. Recently, a model relying on fractal geometry was proposed as a general explanation for the phenomenon. In the present study, a reanalysis of the fractal model is performed to verify its validity. All the conditions that allow for the connection between the geometric proposition and the allometric exponent are evaluated, as well as the energy loss minimization procedure put forward in the model. It is demonstrated that the minimization procedure is mathematically incorrect and ill-posed. Also, it is shown that none of the connecting conditions are fulfilled. Therefore, it is concluded that the fractal model lacks self-consistency and correct statement: it relies on strong assumptions of homogeneity in morpho-physiological features among organisms instead of demonstrating them, as claimed by its authors. It is proposed that empiricists and theoreticians should rather evaluate the frameworks for addressing metabolic scaling phenomena. | 23197521 |
4,508,611 | Toosendanin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Toosendanin, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., possesses different pharmacological effects in humans and an important value in agriculture. As indicated by previous reports, the molecular mechanisms of toosendanin's anticancer effects remain poorly clarified. In this study we used both in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the anti-cancer effects of toosendanin and their possible molecular mechanisms. In the in vitro experiment, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines [SMMC-7721(p53+) and Hep3B (p53-)] were coincubated with toosendanin of different concentrations (0.1~ 0.9 µM). Anti-proliferation effects were observed to be in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC(50) of TSN treated after 72 h for SMMC-7721 and Hep3B cells was 0.5 µM and 0.9 µM, respectively. Results from morphological analysis, annexin V staining, detection of caspases activity, and expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Fas indicated that the anticancer effects of toosendanin were associated with its induction of apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway in p53- and p53+ hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In the IN VIVO experiment, BALB/c mice were s.c. inoculated with mouse hepatocellular carcinoma H (22) cells. Both high-dose (0.69 mg/kg) and low-dose (0.173 mg/kg) toosendanin administrated intraperitoneally resulted in strongly suppressive effects on the tumorigenicity and apoptotic response. Results from the immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2, Bax, as well as for Fas showed that the anticancer effects of toosendanin were induced via apoptosis in a mitochondria-dependent manner, which confirmed the findings in the in vitro experiment. The findings above demonstrate that toosendanin possesses strong anticancer effects in | 14369821 |
4,508,612 | vivo and in vitro via inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | 14369821 |
4,508,613 | Novel insulation concept for an MV dry-cast medium-frequency transformer A 240 kVA, 10 kHz medium-frequency transformer (MFT) to be used in MV DC/DC conversion was developed. The transformer has separately dry-cast windings and was designed for DC system voltages up to 50 kV. For dimensioning and optimization, a MATLAB-based tool was used, containing fast models for electromagnetic, insulation, and thermal design, as well as losses in windings and core. Starting from a small set of primary parameters, a particular MFT design is completed, and an optimization parameter is determined, containing specific MFT cost and size. Automatic optimization is achieved by sweeping over the space of primary parameters, using meshes of increasing resolution. The optimal MFT design was verified and the field grading analyzed in more detail using 3-d electrostatic simulation. Prototypes were built and the insulation was experimentally verified by 70 kV AC and 150 kV lightning impulse tests. Careful field grading and insulation of the HV connections are key to avoid discharges in air up to the PD test voltage, flashovers, and discharges to the nearby grounded components of the MFT. The experimental verification included thermal tests that demonstrated the attractive combination of small air-insulation distances and efficient air cooling of the chosen MFT concept. | 22189971 |
4,508,614 | A multidisciplinary approach to clitoral reconstruction after female genital mutilation: the crucial role of counselling Abstract Objectives: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is becoming more widely seen in the West, due to immigration and population movement. Health services are being confronted with the need to provide care for women with FGM. One of the more recent trends is the provision of clitoral reconstruction. It remains unclear, however, what constitutes good practice with regard to this type of surgery. Methods: Based on a keynote presentation about reconstructive clitoral surgery, we briefly discuss the possible consequences of FGM and the findings from recent publications on clitoral reconstruction. Recognising individual differences in women, we suggest a multidisciplinary counselling model to provide appropriate care for women requesting clitoral reconstruction. Results: The literature shows that FGM influences physical, mental and sexual health. Clitoral reconstructive surgery can lead to an increase in sexual satisfaction and orgasm in some, but not all, women. A multidisciplinary approach would enable a more satisfactory and individually tailored approach to care. The multidisciplinary team should consist of a midwife, a gynaecological surgeon, a psychologist-psychotherapist, a sexologist and a social worker. Comprehensive health counselling should be the common thread in this model of care. Our proposed care pathway starts with taking a thorough history, followed by medical, psychological and sexological consultations. Conclusions: Women with FGM requesting clitoral reconstruction might primarily be looking to improve their sexual life, to recover their identity and to reduce pain. Surgery may not always be the right answer. Thorough counselling that includes medical, psychological | 34526221 |
4,508,615 | and sexual advice is therefore necessary as part of a multidisciplinary approach. | 34526221 |
4,508,616 | A study on the three-dimensional image processing method for 3DX Multi Image Micro CT Abstract Objective : A clinical model of limited cone-beam X-ray CT (3DX Multi Image Micro CT) has been developed by Arai et al. [Y. Arai, E. Tammisalo, K. Iwai, K. Hashimoto, K. Shinoda, Development of ortho cubic super high resolution CT (Ortho-CT), Car '98 Computer-Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998, pp. 780–785] for dental use. In this paper, a three-dimensional image processing method for 3DX Multi Image Micro CT (3DX), which is capable of obtaining clear three-dimensional images, is proposed. Method : First of all, the three-dimensional projection data are decomposed to a set of two-dimensional data. However, the obtained data contain much noise because the projection data are obtained by low-level X-ray. Therefore, we proposed the following steps for obtaining clear three-dimensional images. Firstly, contrast stretching is applied to the set of two-dimensional image data based on the contrast information of the target image for avoiding noise. Then, the edge detection with the Canny operator is performed. In our method, the loss of the target image, which is caused by noise reduction and edge detection, can be interpolated by the image obtained from different directions. Finally, the clear edge of the two-dimensional image data is reconstructed to the three-dimensional image data. Result : It is shown that clear three-dimensional images are obtained when we applied the proposed method for three-dimensional imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Conclusion : A new method for constructing three-dimensional images from the image data obtained from | 44849721 |
4,508,617 | limited cone-beam-type X-ray CT is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by constructing three-dimensional images of the temporomandibular joint. | 44849721 |
4,508,618 | The Impact of Presidential Appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court: Cohesive and Divisive Voting within Presidential Blocs Previous research by Robert Dahl and others has argued that the predominant pattern of Supreme Court decisionmaking reflects the appointments Presidents make to the Court. But each President's impact on the Court's decisions may be limited if that President appoints multiple justices who fail to vote cohesively. In this article we evaluate the relative impact of five Presidents' appointments by focusing on the group behavior of blocs of presidential appointees, emphasizing the extent to which such blocs vote cohesively or fragment in determining actual case outcomes. After first constructing “cohesion scores” for these “presidential blocs” to test the level of cohesive voting within each bloc, we examine particular configurations of votes in order to evaluate each bloc's adherence to its appointing President's ideological expectations on various issues. We find that in order for the chief executive to wield the strong influence hypothesized by Dahl and others, three conditions must be met: (1) the President must have the opportunity to appoint one or more justices; (2) when multiple justices are appointed, they must vote cohesively relative to the Court as a whole; and (3) voting cohesion among multiple appointments must further the President's (and the political majority's) policy preferences. Among modern Presidents, these conditions were fulfilled only by the Nixon and Reagan appointments. | 154941671 |
4,508,619 | Selectins ligand decorated drug carriers for activated endothelial cell targeting. New active particulate polymeric vectors based on branched polyester copolymers of hydroxy-acid and allyl glycidyl ether were developed to target drugs to the inflammatory endothelial cell surface. The hydroxyl and carboxyl derivatives of these polymers allow grafting of ligand molecules on the polyester backbones at different densities. A known potent nonselective selectin ligand was selected and synthesized using a new scheme. This synthesis allowed the grafting of the ligand to the polyester polymers, preserving its binding activity as assessed by docking simulations. Selectin expression on human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was induced with the pro-inflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with the nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase L-NAME. Strong adhesion of the ligand decorated nanoparticles was evidenced in vitro on activated HUVEC. Binding of nanoparticles bearing ligand molecules could be efficiently inhibited by prior incubation of cells with free ligand, demonstrating that adhesion of the nanoparticles is mediated by specific interaction between the ligand and the selectin receptors. These nanoparticles could be used for specific drug delivery to the activated vascular endothelium, suggesting their application in the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. | 27264871 |
4,508,620 | Comparison of univariate and multivariate predicted method based on support vector regression for silicon content in hot metal Silicon content plays an important role in reflecting the thermal state of a blast furnace (BF). The commonly used methods to predict silicon content at present are univariate and multivariate predicted method. The univariate predicted method only uses the information of silicon content in hot metal and can not reflect the complexity of blast furnace ironmaking process. The multivariate predicted method takes advantage of the rich information in blast furnace, different variables usually have a strong correlation with each other, which is not only useless for prediction but also brings in a lot of noise. So it always can not obtain the special satisfactory results. In this article, we have collected the real data from a medium-size BF and done three experiments based on support vector regression. These experiments can divide into two categories, univariate predicted method (UPM) and multivariate predicted method (MPM), the latter includes local variables prediction (LVP) and whole variables prediction (WVP). Multivariate correlation analysis and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient are applied to select variables which have low correlation for LVP. Phase space reconstruction is used to obtain the input and output of UPM. The experiment results show that LVP is better than the UPM and WVP. This also powerfully illustrates that choosing more variables can indeed bring in more useful information for prediction, especially when the correlation is eliminated through the selection of variables, the prediction result will be better. | 39250621 |
4,508,621 | Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. Four dietary treatments were tested in a Latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Treatments were control (C, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or C with 4% soybean oil (S), 4% linseed oil (L) or 2% soybean oil plus 2% linseed oil (SL) in a 4 × 4 Latin square with four periods of 21 days. Forage and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0800 and 2000 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected every 2 h over a 12-h period on day 19 of each experimental period and pH was measured immediately. Samples were prepared for analyses of concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) by GLC and ammonia. Counts of total and individual bacterial groups (cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic bacteria and total viable bacteria) were performed using the roll-tube technique, and protozoa counts were measured via microscopy in ruminal fluid collected at 0, 4 and 8 h after the morning feeding. Content of ruminal digesta was obtained via the rumen cannula before the morning feeding and used immediately for DNA extraction and quantity of specific bacterial species was obtained using real- time PCR. Ruminal pH did not differ but total VFA (110 v. 105 mmol/l) were lower (P < 0.05) with oil supplementation compared with C. Concentration of ruminal NH3-N (4.4 v. | 9282721 |
4,508,622 | 5.6 mmol/l) was greater (P < 0.05) due to oil compared with C. Compared with C, oil supplementation resulted in lower (P < 0.05) cellulolytic bacteria (3.25 × 108 v. 4.66 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml) and protozoa (9.04 × 104 v. 12.92 × 104 cell/ml) colony counts. Proteolytic bacteria (7.01 × 108 v. 6.08 × 108 CFU/ml) counts, however, were greater in response to oil compared with C (P < 0.05). Among oil treatments, the amount of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in ruminal fluid was substantially lower (P < 0.05) when L was included. Compared to C, the amount of Ruminococcus albus decreased by an average of 40% regardless of oil level or type. Overall, the results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms, except proteolytic bacteria, are highly susceptible to dietary unsaturated fatty acids supplementation, particularly when linolenic acid rich oils were fed. Dietary oil effects on ruminal fermentation parameters seemed associated with the profile of ruminal microorganisms. | 9282721 |
4,508,623 | Optimal Data Allocation for Keeping Fairness of Online Game In our previous work, we proposed a load distribution technique and dynamic data reallocation method for web-based MORPG system. This approach could reduce the average server latency for game players. However, each latency widely varied, which leads unfair situation for game players. In this paper, we deal with data allocation with taking into account the fairness as a combinational optimization problem. We develop an optimization model whose objective function is to minimize the difference among latency value. We exactly solve this problem and compare the results with our previous data allocation method. | 15801871 |
4,508,624 | Concurrence of Quantum States: Algebraic Dynamical Method Study XXX Models in a Time-Depending Random External Field Based on algebraic dynamics and the concept of the concurrence of the entanglement, we investigate the evolutive properties of the two-qubit entanglement that formed by Heisenberg XXX models under a time-depending external held. For this system, the property of the concurrence that is only dependent on the coupling constant J and total values of the external field is proved. Furthermore, we found that the thermal concurrence of the system under a static random external field is a function of the coupling constant J, temperature T, and the magnitude of external held. | 250913321 |
4,508,625 | International Neuropathy Workshop of 2009: Introduction to the final reports Neuropathies are amongst the most common of the long‐term complications of diabetes, affecting up to 50% of patients. Their clinical features vary immensely and patients may present with a wide spectrum of specialties, from neurology to urology, for example, or from cardiology to podiatry. Neuropathies are typically characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fibres which may affect both of the principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The epidemiology and natural history of the diabetic neuropathies remain poorly defined. | 24822221 |
4,508,626 | Dynamic Analysis and Vibration Attenuation of Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators for Large Workspace Applications Cable-driven parallel manipulators are one of the best solutions to achieving large workspace since flexible cables can be easily stored on reels. However, due to the negligible flexural stiffness of cables, long cables will unavoidably vibrate during operation for large workspace applications. In this paper a finite element model for cable-driven parallel manipulators is proposed to mimic small amplitude vibration of cables around their desired position. Output feedback of the cable tension variation at the end of the end-effector is utilized to design the vibration attenuation controller which aims at attenuating the vibration of cables by slightly varying the cable length, thus decreasing its effect on the end-effector. When cable vibration is attenuated, motion controller could be designed for implementing precise large motion to track given trajectories. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the dynamic model and the control algorithm. | 110511521 |
4,508,627 | Do Improvements After Inpatient Dialectial Behavioral Therapy Persist in the Long Term?: A Naturalistic Follow-Up in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder Three months of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy proved to be highly effective in patients with borderline personality disorder. This study investigates whether the effects of DBT persist after the patients returned to their usual lives. Thirty-one patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (DSM-IV) were prospectively followed-up for an observation period of 21 months after discharge from the DBT program, under naturalistic conditions. Improvements as observed after discharge persisted over the full follow-up period. This is reflected in a steady rate of remitted patients and in a broad range of psychopathology showing statistically and clinically significant effect-sizes ranging from 0.70 to 1.71. Analyses of courses over time revealed a high intraindividual concordance, indicating that short term treatment response predicted remission after 2 years follow-up. The effects of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy seem to persist after patients returned to their usual lives. | 31067421 |
4,508,628 | The evaluation of relationship between vitamin D and muscle power by micro manual muscle tester in end-stage renal disease patients. Muscle force of lower limb is a major factor for sustaining physical activity. Decreased muscle force can limit physical activity, which can increase mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Muscle force depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) that affects muscle function in both uremic and non-uremic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum level of 25-OHD and muscle force of lower extremities in hemodialysis patients estimated by a Micro Manual Muscle Tester, a digital instrument that measures muscle force in kilograms This cross-sectional study was performed on 135 adult patients, 69 male (51%) and 66 female (69%) (mean: 1.4, standard deviation: 0.5), undergoing hemodialysis. Standard biochemistry parameters were measured before hemodialysis, including 25-OHD, calcium, albumin, para-hyroid hormone and C-reactive protein (CRP). Based on the result of serum level of 25-OHD, patients were classified into the following three groups: 85 patients (63%) were 25-OHD deficient (25-OHD <30), 43 patients (32%) had a normal level of 25-OHD (30-70) and seven patients (5%) had a toxic level of 25-OHD (>70) (mean: 1.42, standard deviation: 0.59). Also, based on the result of muscle force, patients were classified into the following three groups: 84/133 patients (62%) had weak muscle force (<5 kg), 46/133 patients (34%) had normal muscle force (5-10 kg) and three patients (21%) had strong muscle force (>10 kg) (mean: 1.39, | 40810171 |
4,508,629 | standard deviation: 0.53). There was a significant relation between 25-OHD level and muscle force (P = 0.02), between age and muscle force (P = 0.002) and between gender and muscle force (P <0.001). In our opinion, 25-OHD can be a useful drug in ESRD patients to improve muscle force and physical activity. | 40810171 |
4,508,630 | Structural Controllability of Networks With Dynamical Structured Nodes In this note, we consider networks that are governed by external controls. The internal nodes of the network are composed of structured linear dynamic systems with a single incoming state vertex and a single outgoing state vertex. Combining the network graph with the node graphs provides with a global graph that will allow the study of the structural controllability of the global system. We give necessary and sufficient controllability conditions for the global system, with respect to the controllability of the nodes and to the properties of the network graph. The conditions are expressed in terms of an auxiliary graph that has the same size as the network graph, but takes into account important features of the node graphs. Besides its interest in terms of insight in the controllability of networks with dynamical nodes, this approach is also much more efficient computationally than a direct checking of the controllability of the global system. | 204184321 |
4,508,631 | Studying the possibility of new Azo dye on raw canvas surface and means of dyeing process A new dye AZO 4-antipyl azo (benzoic acid) was prepared. The possibility of adsorption of the water solution to the dye was studied on a raw white cloth surface where the cloth was treated and the impurities removed Before conducting adsorption experiments. The results showed that the suitable conditions for the adsorption process were in the acidic medium of the water solution of the dye. In the neutral and basal medium, the adsorption process was not induced. The effect of temperature on the adsorption process was also studied , The aim of this study was to use dye prepared in the dyeing process. | 234276521 |
4,508,632 | Existence and multiplicity of solutions to equations of N-Laplacian type with critical exponential growth in RN In this paper, we deal with the existence of solutions to the nonuniformly elliptic equation of the form −div(a(x,∇u)) + V (x)|u|N−2u = f (x,u) |x|β + εh(x) (0.1) in RN when f : RN ×R → R behaves like exp(α|u|N/(N−1)) when |u| → ∞ and satisfies the Ambrosetti– Rabinowitz condition. In particular, in the case of N -Laplacian, i.e., a(x,∇u) = |∇u|N−2∇u, we obtain multiplicity of weak solutions of (0.1). Moreover, we can get the nontriviality of the solution in this case when ε = 0. Finally, we show that the main results remain true if one replaces the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition on the nonlinearity by weaker assumptions and thus we establish the existence and multiplicity results for a wider class of nonlinearity, see Section 7 for more details. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | 10248821 |
4,508,633 | The tactics of architecture education under the contemporary cultural environment This paper expounds the tactics of architecture education in China under the contemporary cultural environment. It is said that we should cultivate the students to possess the Philosophy and the Art qualities, with which they would not be restricted with many regulations and would design the real shock-hearted great works. | 34634671 |
4,508,634 | Word processing developments at Oberlin College Word processing as an application of computing resources has been the object of great interest in recent years. Its effect on the processes of business and education have been the subject of speculation and prognostication in many forums. I intend to review in this presentation Oberlin College's attempts over the past few years to explore the current state of word processing, evaluate its feasibility for the College, and define possible alternatives to bring about its introduction. | 13167421 |
4,508,635 | Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Alterations in voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the arterial smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated using the whole-cell voltage clamp and compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Single cells were freshly isolated from resistance mesenteric arteries from 4- to 5-week-old (young) and 16- to 18-week-old (adult) SHR. Elevated blood pressure was only evident in adult SHR, not in young SHR. In young rats, the Ca2+ channel current density (current amplitude normalized by cell capacitance) was significantly higher (P < .01) in SHR than in WKY rats at the command potential of -10 mV or higher (with 50 mmol/L Ba2+): The current density at 20 mV was -16.8 +/- 1.1 pA/pF in SHR (n = 38 cells) and -11.0 +/- 0.8 pA/pF in WKY rats (n = 30 cells). In adult rats, the difference in current densities disappeared: -15.9 +/- 1.3 pA/pF in SHR (n = 25 cells) and -15.6 +/- 1.5 pA/pF in WKY rats (n = 29 cells). The ratio of maximal amplitude of T-type current to that of L-type current was low in young SHR (0.10 +/- 0.01) compared with the other three groups (0.16 to 0.20). Neither the activation curve nor the steady-state inactivation curve of SHR was different from that of age-matched WKY rats. However, the activation curves in adult rats were shifted to a hyperpolarized direction compared with those of young rats in both strains. These results suggest that the increased activity of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels of resistance | 13170021 |
4,508,636 | arteries in young SHR may be related to the development of hypertension. The changes observed in adult rats may be due to a secondary modification of the channel during maturation and the presence of hypertension. | 13170021 |
4,508,637 | In their proposal for an enactive approach to cognition Evan Thompson, PhD Context Matters: Steps to an Embodied Cognitive Science. is the author of Radical Embodied Cognitive Science and, with Stephan She takes an embodied approach to understanding perception, including a focus on Introduction The past decades Situated and Embodied Cognitive Science EMBODIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 5 of the Embodied Simulation approach (most T. Gomila (Eds.) Handbook of Cognitive Science: An Embodied Approach (pp. | 15643071 |
4,508,638 | Specification of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons from Primate Pluripotent Stem Cells By sequentially applying sonic hedgehog (C25II) and CHIR99021 (GSK3β inhibitor) to induce the midbrain floor plate (FP) progenitors and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) to promote dopaminergic differentiation in a chemically defined medium, we have established a robust system for the generation of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons from human and rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We found that CHIR99021 specifies diencephalon to hind brain fates in a concentration‐dependent manner and only a narrow concentration range of CHIR99021 at a particular window is necessary to induce the midbrain FP progenitors, expressing Corin, En1, FoxA2, and Lmx1a. FGF8 enhances the dopaminergic fate of the progenitors, thus generating DA neurons with midbrain characteristics, including expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, Lmx1a/b, FoxA2, FoxP1, Nurr1, and En1 as well as typical electrophysiological properties. More than half of these DA neurons expressed A9 DA neuron markers Girk2 and ALDH1a1. The new strategy will allow generation of enriched populations of functional midbrain DA neurons from both human and monkey PSCs for disease modeling, drug testing, and potential cell therapy. STEM CELLS2012;30:1655–1663 | 22772671 |
4,508,639 | Biochemical and Pharmacological Applications of Essential Oils in Human Health Especially in Cancer Prevention. BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) are aromatic, volatile and concentrated hydrophobic liquids extracted from plant material. EOs are also called as ethereal oils, volatile oils or aetherolea. EOs also play a crucial role in plant defence and signalling processes. They are mostly used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps and other products for flavouring food, drinks, adding scents to incense and household cleaning products. EOs have a long medicinal history. METHODS Reported research literature and online contents related to the use of EOs for their biochemical pharmacological applications in cancer prevention therapy were reviewed. The most relevant and updated citations were included in this review. RESULTS This review elaborates the various types of EOs, their biochemical characteristics, and pharmacology. Medicinal benefits of essential oil products range from various skin treatments to different types of therapies for cancer and are dependent entirely on historical backgrounds of use of EOs for these properties. EOs have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiparasitical, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, viricidal, fungicidal, wound healing, antihypertensive, analgesic properties and other medicinal properties. The efficiency of EOs in medical treatments and treatment of cancers are these days a subject of interest in most countries. CONCLUSION This review elaborated the potentials of EOs in regulating cancer cell growth and have explored the probable EOs that can be used in drug development. | 52900721 |
4,508,640 | Successful treatment of angiofibromata of tuberous sclerosis complex with rapamycin Abstract Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome manifesting as hamartomatous growths in multiple organs. We present two cases of patients with TSC and associated facial angiofibromata treated with topical and oral rapamycin and discuss the role for rapamycin in the treatment of these disfiguring lesions. Our patients demonstrated decreased numbers of angiofibromata and less redness with this treatment. This is the first published report on the use of topical rapamycin for the treatment of angiofibromata. | 207493771 |
4,508,641 | Exploring Multiliteracies Pedagogies With Pre-Service Teachers This chapter provides a review of the research literature related to contemporary views of literacy, including the concept of multiliteracies that originated with the New London Group in the 1990s. The chapter aims to facilitate understanding of a pedagogy of multiliteracies from a Canadian perspective, both in terms of the current research agenda and the implementation of multiliteracies in practice, with a specific focus on the role of teacher education programs. Using a self-study methodology, the author shares her experiences as a teacher educator in British Columbia and proposes a pedagogical framework for pre-service teachers that aims to deepen their understanding of multiliteracies through situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice. The chapter includes a discussion of digital resources that may enhance educators' ability to design literacy programs that are responsive to the rich cultural and linguistic identities of their students. | 197968021 |
4,508,642 | Intense terahertz pulses from SLAC electron beams using coherent transition radiation. SLAC has two electron accelerators, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET), providing high-charge, high-peak-current, femtosecond electron bunches. These characteristics are ideal for generating intense broadband terahertz (THz) pulses via coherent transition radiation. For LCLS and FACET respectively, the THz pulse duration is typically 20 and 80 fs RMS and can be tuned via the electron bunch duration; emission spectra span 3-30 THz and 0.5 THz-5 THz; and the energy in a quasi-half-cycle THz pulse is 0.2 and 0.6 mJ. The peak electric field at a THz focus has reached 4.4 GV/m (0.44 V/Å) at LCLS. This paper presents measurements of the terahertz pulses and preliminary observations of nonlinear materials response. | 16422921 |
4,508,643 | Practical pointers for grappling with GERD. Heartburn gnaws at quality of life for many patients. GERD is a common condition, generally caused by transient LES relaxations. The spectrum of disease due to GERD is wide, ranging from symptoms alone to esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and respiratory tract complications. Excellent diagnostic test are available to confirm the diagnosis and stage the disease, and medications can predictably relieve symptoms and heal even the most severe forms of esophagitis. Finally, surgical therapy is an effective option for patients with truly refractory disease or for those patients with significant disease who prefer not to use drug treatment. | 6439321 |
4,508,644 | Laboratory goniometer approach for spectral polarimetric directionality A two meter inner diameter goniometer provides approximately 0.1° angular positioning precision for a series of spectral and polarimetric instruments to enable measurements of the directionality of polarized reflectance from soils in the laboratory, at 10° increments along the azimuth and zenith. Polarimetric imaging instruments to be mounted on the goniometer, with linear polarizers in rotators in front of each instrument, include broadband focal plane array imagers in the Visible band (Vis), Near InfraRed (NIR), Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR), and Long Wave InfraRed (LWIR) spectral bands, as well as a hyperspectral imager in the Vis through NIR. Two additional hyperspectral polarimetric imagers in the Vis through NIR, and SWIR, are to be mounted separately with angles measured by laser on the goniometer frame. | 130901121 |
4,508,645 | Preoperative Irradiation and Surgery for Carcinoma of the Base of the Tongue From 1960 through 1978, 101 patients with histologically proven epidermoid carcinoma of the base of the tongue were treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery at Washington University School of Medicine. Local and regional control at 3 years was achieved in 65% of the patients, and at 5 years in 57%. Sixteen percent of patients who suffered local or regional failure were salvaged by further surgery. Distant metastases developed in approximately 18% of patients and second malignancies developed in 20%. It appears that the combination of preoperative irradiation plus surgery provides substantial local control rates and survival for patients with base of tongue cancer in both early and moderately advanced stages. | 10818221 |
4,508,646 | Selective inhibition of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding to mouse brain membranes by ethanol Recent reports have indicated that ethanol inhibits the binding of a number of iigands to brain membranes in vitro (Ross et al 1977; Ciofalo 1978, 1980; Fairhurst & Liston 1979; Hruska & Silbergeld 1980; Shanley et al 1980). During screening of drugs dissolved in ethanol. I observed that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in mouse brain membranes labelled with [aH]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and ["HHT were also sensitive to this alcohol. Further work revealed that 5-HT receptors labelled with ["]LSD were about three times more sensitive to ethanol than those labelled with ['HIS-HT. Moreover, ethanol lowered the B, for [=HILSD binding while increasing the affinity (K,) for the ligand, suggesting uncompetitive inhibition. I observed no change in the Hill coefficient for ["]LSD binding in the of ethanol. ['HILSD binding to dopamine receDtors in mouse brain membranes was also inhibited by kthano~. A preliminary report of this data has appeared (Hirsch 1980). | 37535221 |
4,508,647 | Inputs and losses by surface runoff and subsurface leaching for pastures managed by continuous or rotational stocking. Pasture management practices can affect forage quality and production, animal health and production, and surface and groundwater quality. In a 5-yr study conducted at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, we compared the effects of two contrasting grazing methods on surface and subsurface water quantity and quality. Four pastures, each including a small, instrumented watershed (0.51-1.09 ha) for surface runoff measurements and a developed spring for subsurface flow collection, received 112 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and were grazed at similar stocking rates (1.8-1.9 cows ha(-1)). Two pastures were continuously stocked; two were subdivided so that they were grazed with frequent rotational stocking (5-6 times weekly). In the preceding 5 yr, these pastures received 112 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) after several years of 0 N fertilizer and were grazed with weekly rotational stocking. Surface runoff losses of N were minimal. During these two periods, some years had precipitation up to 50% greater than the long-term average, which increased subsurface flow and NO(3)-N transport. Average annual NO(3)-N transported in subsurface flow from the four watersheds during the two 5-yr periods ranged from 11.3 to 22.7 kg N ha(-1), which was similar to or less than the mineral-N received in precipitation. Flow and transport variations were greater among seasons than among watersheds. Flow-weighted seasonal NO(3)-N concentrations in subsurface flow did not exceed 7 mg L(-1). Variations in NO(3)-N leached from pastures were primarily due to variable precipitation rather than the | 32921801 |
4,508,648 | effects of continuous, weekly rotational, or frequent rotational stocking practices. This suggests that there was no difference among these grazing practices in terms of NO(3)-N leaching. | 32921801 |
4,508,649 | Tele-Interpersonal Psychotherapy Acutely Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Depressed HIV-Infected Rural Persons: A Randomized Clinical Trial ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive rural individuals carry a 1.3-times greater risk of a depressive diagnosis than their urban counterparts. This randomized clinical trial tested whether telephone-administered interpersonal psychotherapy (tele-IPT) acutely relieved depressive symptoms in 132 HIV-infected rural persons from 28 states diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV major depressive disorder (MDD), partially remitted MDD, or dysthymic disorder. Patients were randomized to either 9 sessions of one-on-one tele-IPT (n = 70) or standard care (SC; n = 62). A series of intent-to-treat (ITT), therapy completer, and sensitivity analyses assessed changes in depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems, and social support from pre- to postintervention. Across all analyses, tele-IPT patients reported significantly lower depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems than SC controls; 22% of tele-IPT patients were categorized as a priori “responders” who reported 50% or higher reductions in depressive symptoms compared to only 4% of SC controls in ITT analyses. Brief tele-IPT acutely decreased depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems in depressed rural people living with HIV. | 46800001 |
4,508,650 | Feather buds exert a polarizing activity when transplanted to chick limb buds Homeoproteins have been shown to be expressed in a position‐specific manner along the anterior‐posterior axis in the developing chick feather bud, as seen also in the developing limb bud. These facts raise the possibility that there may be common mechanistic features in the establishment of the anterior‐posterior polarity between both organs. In order to investigate this possibility, feather bud tissues were transplanted into the anterior region of limb buds to determine whether feather bud tissues possess properties such as the zone of polarizing activity of the limb bud. The manipulated limb bud formed a mirror image duplication of the skeletal elements, mainly (2)2234 digit pattern or sometimes 3(2)234. Both the anterior and posterior halves of feather bud tissue exhibited almost equal activity in inducing ectopic skeletal elements. Hoxd‐12 and Hoxa‐13 were expressed coordinately around the transplanted site of the operated limb bud. This secondary axis‐inducing activity of the feather bud was enhanced when grafts were pretreated with trypsin. In contrast, the presumptive feather bud tissue and inter‐feather bud tissue did not induce a secondary axis of the limb bud. These results suggest that the feather bud contains a region that exerts polarizing activity and that this region may play key roles in the formation of the anterior‐posterior and, if it exists, proximal‐distal axis of the feather bud, possibly via the regulation of region specific expression of Hox genes. | 85120901 |
4,508,651 | A STUDY OF THE STRATEGIC IS PLANNING PRACTICES IN CROATIA The role of information technology in recent years grows in its importance. Thus the strategic IS planning becomes a part of company strategic business plans. This paper presents the results of survey on the strategic IS planning practices of Croatian companies. The result of the survey are compared with similar surveys in Slovenia and Singapore. In large Croatian companies IT is still concerned just as a tool for automatization of present business processes, completely neglecting challenging role of IT as competitive resource on market. It is obvious that source of this problems comes from lack of knowledge and interest from top management structures of large corporations. Thus the significant efforts must be done on management side, and solution lays maybe in necessity to develop completely new hybrid manager profile. Evidently that this type of manager must get additional knowledge in strategic business planning and IT management. | 9649951 |
4,508,652 | Distribution of Tocotrienols in Rats Fed a Rice Bran Tocotrienol Concentrate To examine the distribution of rice bran tocotrienol (T3), we gave rice bran T3 to rats after considering an acceptable daily intake of vitamin E for humans. Male SD rats (5 weeks of age) were fed for 3 weeks on a commercial diet containing 6.4 mg of vitamin E per 100 g wt and additively received vitamin E or the vehicle (vitamin E-free corn oil) by oral intubation. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups depending on the type of test diet: control (vehicle), non-T3 (no T3 + 4.3 mg of tocopherol (TOC)/kg body weight (b.w.)/day), low-T3 (0.8 mg T3 + 3.5 mg TOC/kg b.w./day), and high-T3 (3.2 mg T3 + 1.1 mg TOC/kg b.w./day). The control rats and rats in the non-T3, low-T3, and high-T3 groups took 4.3 and 8.6 mg of vitamin E/kg b.w./day, respectively. Rice bran γ-T3 was significantly distributed to the adipose tissue and increased from 1.1 to 10.2 nmol/g of adipose tissue according to the rice bran T3 intake. | 36215901 |
4,508,653 | Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis by occupation of hospital employees in the National Health Service in England and Wales 1980-84. Examination of occupational health records for National Health Service employees in hospitals in England and Wales for 1980-84 has shown that the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has fallen for all occupations. Levels for all occupational groups, except mortuary attendants, are now comparable to or lower than that for the general population. An average of 3 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis would be expected to occur annually amongst the 20,790 staff (including mortuary attendants) classified as being at higher risk and offered annual X-rays. Routine annual X-rays failed to identify 60 per cent of the cases found within this group in this study, the diagnosis being made after individuals presented with clinical symptoms. The falling incidence and low yield from chest X-rays found in this study suggest that the current policy of annual chest X-rays for NHS staff in the higher risk category no longer seems justified. | 21304201 |
4,508,654 | Contact Allergy to Surfactants in a Hypoallergenic Liquid Cleanser &NA;Surfactants are a relatively rare cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and testing patients to personal care products containing these ingredients has historically been difficult given their irritant properties. Using the semiopen technique, we were able to identify ACD to a hypoallergenic liquid cleanser in 2 patients who presented to our patch test clinic only months apart. Additional patch testing to individual ingredients led to subsequent identification of 3 novel surfactant allergens (sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, isostearamidopropyl morpholine lactate, and disodium lauroamphodiacetate). Only one of these allergens, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, has previously been reported as a cause of ACD. | 20647951 |
4,508,655 | Interactive Robotics Using the Internet We report on a project currently under way within the department of Computer Science at the University of Reading exploiting networking and multimedia technology to provide a shared robotics laboratory on the Internet. The laboratory is for use by our own students and students at other Higher Education (HE) institutions in the UK. We present a mobile robot system we have developed to support teaching, and we describe how the Internet is being used to provide and control access to the robot. A case study is presented illustrating the use of the mobile robot in student project work. The key goal of the work we are pursuing is the provision of robots as networked resources similar to other computing resources, in this way making them accessible to many more students than would otherwise be able to gain access to this advanced technology. | 205614301 |
4,508,656 | Influence of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a GnRH-agonist on granulosa cell steroidogenesis. The influence of gonadotropin releasing hormone and Decapeptyl on steroidogenic activity was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml culture medium. In the granulosa cell cultures of 9 out of 18 patients addition of Decapeptyl or gonadotrophin releasing hormone to the culture media caused dose-dependent inhibition of progesterone and oestradiol secretion in vitro. The steroidogenic activity in vitro of the granulosa cells of 84 IVF cycles was correlated to the maximal serum E2 levels of the patients at induction of ovulation. The granulosa cells of patients who were stimulated including Decapeptyl produced on average higher E2 levels in vitro as compared to granulosa cells from hMG stimulation cycles. This may be regarded as an indirect clue to an inhibitory effect of Decapeptyl on oestradiol synthesis in vivo. | 38732101 |
4,508,657 | Lipschitz properties of convex mappings The present paper is concerned with Lipschitz properties of convex mappings. One considers the general context of mappings defined on an open convex subset $\Omega$ of a locally convex space $X$ and taking values in a locally convex space $Y$ ordered by a normal cone. One proves also equi-Lipschitz properties for pointwise bounded families of continuous convex mappings, provided the source space $X$ is barrelled. Some results on Lipschitz properties of continuous convex functions defined on metrizable topological vector spaces are included as well. The paper has a methodological character - its aim is to show that some geometric properties (monotonicity of the slope, the normality of the seminorms) allow to extend the proofs from the scalar case to the vector one. In this way the proofs become more transparent and natural. | 16596461 |
4,508,658 | CHARACTERISTICS, PATTERNS OF PATHOGENS, AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AT RSUP DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, especially arachnoid and pia mater, which occurs due to the invasion of bacteria into the subarachnoid space. Bacterial meningitis cases are distributed throughout the world, with an incidence of 2-6 / 100,000 people per year with a peak incidence in infants, adolescents, and the elderly. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study to look for sociodemographic characteristics, pathogens and resistance patterns, and clinical outcomes of bacterial meningitis patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. There were 43 cases of bacterial meningitis, and only 13 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most cases of bacterial meningitis were in the 30-45 years (30%) and 46-55 years (30%) age groups, with predominantly female patients (69%). The most noted clinical manifestations were fever and neck stiffness (100%). decreased consciousness (92%), hemiparesis (77%), headache (70%) and seizures (54%). The mortality rate of bacterial meningitis patients reached 53% with a disability rate reaching 39%. Pathogens found based on culture results were Staphylococcus sp. (69%), Acinetobacter baumanii (5.3%), Klebsiella pneumonie (15%), Shigella somnei, and E. coli (5.3%). Antibiotic resistance to Staphylococcus sp. Was quite high, namely Erythromycin and Oxacillin reaching 77%, Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole 55%, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, levofloxacin reached 33%. Higher mortality was found in patients with drug resistance. | 225133261 |
4,508,659 | A multisite analysis of missed doses of antibiotics administered in hospital care Objectives The study aimed to quantify the incidence of missed antibiotic doses in acute hospitals and identify the underlying reasons using data from electronic prescribing and medicines administration systems (EPMAS), thus establishing the feasibility of determining a minimal acceptable range for missed antibiotic doses. Methods Prescribing and administration data for antimicrobials were extracted from three hospital EPMAS (1 April 2010–31 March 2011). Data transfer protocols were developed and context mapping undertaken to ensure consistent analysis and interpretation. Total and missed numbers of antibiotic doses were calculated. The top 20 prescribed antibiotics were determined and the reasons for missed antibiotic doses were recorded. Results A data set of 1 157 576 antibiotic administration events was compiled. The percentage of missed antibiotic doses ranged from 5.90% to 10.26% of the total. The percentage use of the ‘Medicine unavailable’ reason for missed antibiotic doses was a very small proportion of the total numbers of antibiotic doses prescribed (range 0.64–0.98%). Conclusions This study has demonstrated that large data sets from different EPMAS can be used to quantify the incidence of missed antibiotic doses in acute hospitals. It is proposed that the numbers of ‘Nil By Mouth’ and ‘appropriate clinical reasons’ for dose omission provide an estimate of the maximum proportion of valid missed antibiotic doses within any hospital (range 0.3–4.6% of total antibiotic doses prescribed), so it is suggested that the acceptable level of missed antibiotics should be approximately 5% of the total number of doses intended. Active | 72819811 |
4,508,660 | intervention by senior hospital management appears to lead to the reduction in numbers of missed antibiotic doses. Medicines supply failure was not a significant reason for missed antibiotic administration. | 72819811 |
4,508,661 | Disaster risk reduction of mount agung cold lava flood at the Bali cultural centre in Klungkung Regency The Bali Province Government plans the development of Bali Cultural Centre as a comprehensive cultural information centre to support the development of Culture-oriented Bali Tourism. The Bali Cultural Centre site is situated in an area of post-mining remnants in Klungkung Regency. The sites located at coordinates 8°32‘41.35” - 8°34‘30.94” South Latitude and 115°24‘54.92” - 115°26‘6.99” East Longitude. This site is also portion of estuary area of the Unda River which has a high potential for the danger of cold lava flood from the Mount Agung eruption. The structure to manage cold lava floods at the Unda River estuary is being conducted. The construction is divided into two locations which design to satisfactory a 50-year design flood with discharge of 1436.11 m3 per second. The first location is at upstream (north side of Prof. Ida Bagus Mantra Street) using a single rectangular cross section. The second location is at downstream (south area of Prof. Ida Bagus Mantra Street) using a combine double rectangular cross section. These two types of cross sections are designed to accommodate the capacity of water discharge under normal conditions and still able to drain water discharge in the 50-year return period. The presence of this channel allows the cold lava flood flow directly towards the sea-shore and so as to reduce the risk. It is possible that the sediments settle at the base of the channel, therefore, channel shape normalization and periodic dredging for maintenance are | 247127711 |
4,508,662 | essential. | 247127711 |
4,508,663 | Impact of plasma exchange on indices of demyelination in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy We studied the impact of plasma exchange (PE) on indices of primary demyelination in patients of the Canadian multicenter trial of PE in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Individual motor nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial) were studied: distal motor latencies (DMLs), proximal and distal compound muscle action potential (M‐wave) amplitudes, negative peak areas and durations, and motor conduction velocities (CVs). Proximal M‐wave amplitudes in individual motor territories, particularly in the ulnar nerve (from below elbow, above elbow, and axillary stimulating sites) demonstrated significant improvement with PE, but not sham exchange. Proximal ulnar M‐wave areas also had significant improvement with PE. Trends toward improvement of individual nerve motor CVs, M‐wave durations, and DMLs did not achieve statistical significance. Proximal M‐wave amplitudes, particularly in the ulnar motor territory, and proximal M‐wave areas (providing a measure of conduction block) were the most sensitive indices of improvement conferred by PE in CIDP. In individual patients, these indices may help judge the efficacy of therapy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 23: 206–210, 2000. | 21937111 |
4,508,664 | Fast optical re-phasing of segmented primary mirrors For highly segmented primary mirrors, as that of the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) with its 798 segments, the capability to update regularly the optical phasing solution is essential for robust operations. The duration of standard phasing procedures is driven by the difficulty of maintaining the registration of the image of the primary on the phasing sensor with tolerances of ~0.02% of the mirror diameter. The paper describes a re-phasing procedure with a dynamic range of about ±1.5 microns. This is based on a standard Shack-Hartmann phasing sensor operated at 2 narrow bands filters with wavelength separation of 30%. Controlled registration offsets are applied during the acquisitions, allowing the registration parameters to be estimated from the phasing data. The procedure has been successfully validated at the Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC). | 55851161 |
4,508,665 | Paraxial magnetic surfaces in an ℓ = 3 torsatron A study of the averaged magnetic-surface equations leads to analytical expressions for the conditions of absence of an island structure of the vacuum magnetic surfaces in the paraxial region of an ℓ = 3 torsatron magnetic field. An analysis of these expressions allows the choice of the optimum modulation for the angle of the helical conductor winding, which considerably reduces the resulting transverse magnetic field required to satisfy the condition for no or minimal island structure. In this case, the displacement of the torsatron magnetic axis from the circular torus axis is much smaller than in the absence of modulation. | 119402861 |
4,508,666 | The Resistance-Strain Characteristics of the Knitted Fabric Based on Conductive Composite Yarn A kind of conductive composite yarn was designed and manufactured, then the resistance-strain characteristics of the knitted fabric based on the conductive composite yarn were tested and analyzed. The result showed that the yarn has excellent elastic deformation, better conductive performance, and good spin ability. The relationship between tensile deformation and resistance complies with contact resistance theory, the increasing of the elongation, the decreasing of the resistance. The resistance-strain curve accords with quadratic model, but the curve is linear Approximation and highly sensitive for the stresses of 0—12%. The sensitive of the curve is affected by the twist of the conductive composite yarn, the smaller the twist, the higher the sensitivity. | 137287911 |
4,508,667 | The Optimal Capital Structure of an Economy Hans Gersbach In a general equilibrium model we examine the optimal allocation of equity and debt across banks and industrial rms when both are plagued by incentive problems and rms can borrow from banks. Increasing bank equity mitigates bank-level moral hazard but may exacerbate rm-level moral hazard due to dilution of rm equity. Competition of banks will not result in a socially e cient level of equity. Imposing capital requirements on banks can trigger the socially optimal capital structure of an economy in the sense of maximizing aggregate output. Such capital regulation is second-best and must balance three costs: excessive risk taking of banks, credit restrictions banks impose on rms with low equity, and credit restrictions because of high loan interest rates. | 567561 |
4,508,668 | Recombinant erythropoietin trial in children with transfusion-dependent homozygous beta-thalassemia. Augmentation of gamma-gene synthesis by using recombinant human erythropoietin (r-Hu-EPO) represents a new approach to the therapy of beta-thalassemia. A prospective study was conducted in 26 transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major patients. r-Hu-EPO (Eprex/Cilag, Switzerland) was given to the patients at an initial dose of 500 IU/kg s.c. 3 times a week for at least 2 months during which no transfusion was applied. A sustained hemoglobin (Hb) level greater than 8 g/dl was considered as a response to EPO treatment. In the patients whose Hb levels remained under 8 g/dl or did not increase in comparison to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks, the dose of r-Hu-EPO was increased to 1,000 IU/kg 3 times a week and applied for another 4 weeks. Only 16 cases also received oral iron supplementation. The whole blood and reticulocyte counts, the biochemical tests including BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and ferritin were done and the percentages of HbF and F cells were analyzed regularly. At the end of the 2nd month, 6 cases qualified to continue with the trial. At the end of the 6th month, r-Hu-EPO therapy was ceased in 3 cases of the 6 since their Hb levels had decreased below 7 g/dl. Only 3 cases (11.5%) continued with the r-Hu-EPO therapy without transfusion for up to 12 months. In conclusion, r-Hu-EPO may be useful in some selected transfusion-dependent patients with beta-thalassemia major. Selection criteria should include a mild beta-genotype of coinheritance of alpha-thalassemia, splenectomy and pretreatment reticulocyte response of the | 46797961 |
4,508,669 | patients as well as the patients' compliance. | 46797961 |
4,508,670 | Monovision correction for diplopia. Acquired, incomitant strabismus frequently results in diplopia. Affected patients complain of chronic annoyance and frustration with the false image. Therapy has usually been aimed at either re-establishing binocularity by using prisms or vision training, or by eliminating one image through occlusion. An alternative approach is to allow each eye its own "domain," one eye corrected for distance vision and the other for near vision. This alternative may eliminate the competitive, unfusible images and yet maintain visual function in each eye. | 30395511 |
4,508,671 | Group Improvisation in Secondary School Instrumental Ensembles Group improvisation encourages students to improvise in a collective setting to build confidence in their individual and group improvisational skills. In this article, I describe group improvisation methods that offer an accessible entry into creative music-making for learners in secondary school instrumental ensembles. Instructional considerations and establishing a positive classroom environment are discussed. | 252647011 |
4,508,672 | The proper view of cluster free energy in nucleation theories Abstract The free energy barrier is fundamental to nucleation studies. Most of the existing literature interprets the free energy barrier as the reaction free energy of the nucleating system, whereas a positive reaction free energy of a large nucleation system means that nucleation is not spontaneous according to the second law of thermodynamics. Here we clarify the meaning of the free energy barrier and demonstrate that it is not the reaction free energy for the nucleation process under realistic conditions. Instead, it implicitly assumes that the concentration of each cluster is equal to the monomer concentration. In terms of the proper reaction free energy of cluster formation, the dependency of the partial molar free energy of clusters on their concentration is demonstrated to be important. In fact, a positive reaction free energy when cluster concentrations equal the vapor concentration (i.e., the free energy barrier) indicates that clusters will spontaneously evaporate under those conditions. This dependency on cluster concentration is consistent with kinetic understandings that the concentration gradient of clusters in the size space drives cluster growth and the critical cluster size is not the only decisive factor for cluster growth. Compared to cluster evolutions simulated using nucleation kinetics, the proper reaction free energy is shown to be able to well explain the nucleation process. Copyright © 2022 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical Abstract | 248902261 |
4,508,673 | A comprehensive digital forensic investigation process model A formal process model is needed to enable digital forensic practitioners in following a uniform approach and to enable courts of law in determining the reliability of digital evidence presented to them. Such a model also needs to be generic in that it can be applicable in the different fields of digital forensics including law enforcement, corporates and incident response. There does not currently exist such a comprehensive process model that is both formal and generic. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a model that is formal in that it can enable the digital forensic practitioners in following a uniform approach when carrying out investigations and that is generic in that it can be applied in the different environments of digital forensics. | 44516161 |
4,508,674 | Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes and Efficient FFT Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Systems Spread spectrum (SS) and multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques are recognized as potential candidates for the design of underlay and interweave cognitive radio (CR) systems, respectively. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) is a spread spectrum technique generally used in underlay CR systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the basic MCM technique, primarily used in interweave CR systems. There are other MCM schemes derived from OFDM technique, like Non-Contiguous OFDM, Spread OFDM, and OFDM-OQAM, which are more suitable for CR systems. Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Modulation (MCSSM) schemes like MC-CDMA, MC-DS-CDMA and SS-MC-CDMA, combine DS-CDMA and OFDM techniques in order to improve the CR system performance and adaptability. This article gives a detailed survey of the various spread spectrum and multicarrier modulation schemes proposed in the literature. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) plays a vital role in all the multicarrier modulation techniques. The FFT part of the modem can be used for spectrum sensing. The performance of the FFT operator plays a crucial role in the overall performance of the system. Since the cognitive radio is an adaptive system, the FFT operator must also be adaptive for various input/output values, in order to save energy and time taken for execution. This article also includes the various efficient FFT algorithms proposed in the literature, which are suitable for CR systems. | 1023561 |
4,508,675 | A 11-mW quadrature frequency tripler with fundamental cancellation A low-power quadrature frequency tripler is designed by using the sub-harmonic mixer configuration. The circuit is implemented in CMOS 0.180um technology. The frequency tripler consumes 11.5mW, while the output buffers consumes 43.1mW, all with supply voltage of 1.8V. The fundamental Harmonic Rejection Ratio (HRR1) achieves more than 35dB, and the conversion gain achieves −4.2dB at output frequency of 4.5GHz. The entire chip area occupied 1.4×1.1 mm2. | 17481511 |
4,508,676 | A male germ cell tumor-susceptibility-determining locus, pgct1, identified on murine chromosome 13. Inbred 129 strain mice are predisposed to developing male germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the testes. The inherent genetic defects that underlie male GCT susceptibility in the 129 mouse strain are unknown. GCT incidence is increased in 129 strain males that lack functional p53 protein, and we have used this finding to facilitate the generation of panels of GCT-bearing intercross and backcross mice for genetic mapping analysis. A 129 strain locus, designated pgct1, that segregates with the male GCT phenotype has been identified on chromosome 13 near D13Mit188. This region of murine chromosome 13 may be syntenic to a portion of human chromosome 5q that is implicated in male GCT susceptibility in humans. | 28004311 |
4,508,677 | Modelling Genetic Variations using Fragmentation-Coagulation Processes We propose a novel class of Bayesian nonparametric models for sequential data called fragmentation-coagulation processes (FCPs). FCPs model a set of sequences using a partition-valued Markov process which evolves by splitting and merging clusters. An FCP is exchangeable, projective, stationary and reversible, and its equilibrium distributions are given by the Chinese restaurant process. As opposed to hidden Markov models, FCPs allow for flexible modelling of the number of clusters, and they avoid label switching non-identifiability problems. We develop an efficient Gibbs sampler for FCPs which uses uniformization and the forward-backward algorithm. Our development of FCPs is motivated by applications in population genetics, and we demonstrate the utility of FCPs on problems of genotype imputation with phased and unphased SNP data. | 77111 |
4,508,678 | Transboundary environmental management: A study of the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer in British Columbia and western Washington Abstract Political borders, which delineate divergent political, social, economic, and demographic systems, affect the management of shared natural resources. Transboundary environmental management will attract increasing global attention as trends of population growth and natural resource scarcity drive coordinated solutions for environmental problems. Water pollution, in particular, will be a high priority for many nations because of the undisputed importance of water to sustain life and the unyielding characteristic of water to flow freely across political borders. The study of the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer offers a model to investigate the nature of shared resource management problems within two divergent cultural regions (western Washington and southern British Columbia), bisected by a political boundary (U.S.‐Canada border). Using the newly developed Transboundary Environmental Management Index (TEMI), the coordinated management of the organizations was ranked according to their “institutional capacity.” The research found that groups representing smaller regions were more likely to reduce pollution inputs, however, the community‐based success was largely contingent on the higher‐level political groups to recognize, support, and fund scientific research. | 55427761 |
4,508,679 | An Approach with Maintainability , Structured Design and Automation with the Intension of Software Engineering Scientific software must be personalized for dissimilar execution environments, problem sets, and existing resources to make sure its competence and consistency. Even though adaptation patterns be able to be found in a extensive percentage of new scientific applications, the conventional scientific software stack be deficient in the sufficient adaptation concept and tools. As a consequence, scientific programmers physically implement ad-hoc solutions that are tough to retain and reuse. In this paper, illustrate the experimental evaluation of the level of inheritance in five object-oriented systems. The systems considered differ in together its size and application domain. A consequence from our analysis mutually with added new investigations appears to support the thesis that inheritance is used moreover sparingly or incorrectly. Statistical relationship among four inheritance metrics and a position of reliant variables (non-comment source lines, software understandability, known errors and error density) present evidence for this claim. It is also not clear that systems with the use of inheritance will essentially be more maintainable than those that do not. The data examined from two of our systems recommends that deeper inheritance trees are characteristics of systems which are harder to understand and (by implication) harder to preserve. By examining, why? This may be the case, and suggest ways of remedying this state of affairs. | 17939161 |
4,508,680 | Hearing screening in the newborn Significant hearing loss is more prevalent than many birth defects for which there is mandated screening. Language development is significantly disturbed if the hearing deficit is not identified and treated prior to 6 months of age. Earlier, high-risk registry hearing screening programs were found to miss 50% of children with significant hearing loss. This is because 50% of children with significant hearing loss have no identifiable risk factors and often no outward signs. Many states are moving toward universal hearing screening as recommended by the Task Force on Infant and Newborn Hearing and the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. The usual modes for detection of hearing loss are otoacoustic emissions or auditory brain stem response testing. As new technology is developed for screening, we must reassess which screening tool is best. The most important part of a successful screening program lies in close follow-up and implementation of services for the child with newly diagnosed hearing loss. Although children may pass newborn hearing screening, some will develop delayed hearing loss, either conductive or sensorineural. Hearing health should be assessed at all well-child examinations and children with known risks for delayed hearing loss should be tested at appropriate intervals. | 71302211 |
4,508,681 | Properties Of Optical Elements With Ultra-High Spatial Frequency Surface Corrugations In this paper we discuss the properties of optical elements fabricated by holographically recording an ultra-high spatial-frequency pattern in a photoresist mask followed by reactive ion etching to transfer this pattern into the surface of a quartz substrate. Such optical elements are envionmentally durable, potentially easy to replicate, and exhibit diffraction efficiencies in excess of 85%. In addition, two other properties are reported. Such elements at normal (00) incidence are antireflective, with broadband reflection coefficients as low as 0.035%. Also, the elements exhibit artificially produced birefringence making them useful as wave plates. These results may be particularly significant in the UV and IR, where damage-resistant antireflection coatings and transparent birefringent materials may not exist. | 135493011 |
4,508,682 | Turmeric effect on subcutaneous insulin-induced amyloid mass: an in vivo study Abstract Protein-derived amyloid structures are associated with a wide variety of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and local amyloidoses. Reports exist on the ability of insulin to form local amyloidoses under specific conditions. In vitro-generated fibrils of insulin have been previously shown to produce amyloid-containing masses upon repetitive subcutaneous injection in mouse. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of insulin fibrils injection in rats, as well as the potential of turmeric in attenuating this process. It was found that subcutaneous amyloid-containing masses could form in rats at a faster rate compared with mice. Upon addition of turmeric to the fibrils, previous to injection, formed masses had a significantly reduced size, as well as less ordered cellular structure. In conclusion, the results of this study show the potential of turmeric in attenuation of local amyloidosis. Furthermore, we suggest that this model could be of use in screening antiamyloid compounds. | 207437511 |
4,508,683 | A Dynamic Approach to Multi-transfer Container Management This paper introduces a dynamic approach to manage the processing of client requests in a multi-transfer container transportation (MTCT) system. At the operational level, this type of system is faced with a continuously changing environment. In this context, the need for dynamic creation and adaptation of solutions is of utmost importance. The adopted approach is based on a two-layer framework that exploits workflow technology. The latter proposes a formalism to describe sequences of activities to be enacted when processing requests, hence reducing the need for manual, time-consuming management and organization. The proposed two-layer framework has a workflow layer that encapsulates the set of concurrently running workflows associated to client requests. A coordination layer is mainly responsible for the instantiation of new workflows to be inserted in the workflow layer and for modifications of running ones. These modifications are motivated by resource sharing issues or triggered by unanticipated/unexpected events. According to this two-layer framework, an implementation of a prototype for a MTCT system is finally presented. Text | 14466861 |
4,508,684 | A Conceptual Model for Biomass Supply Chain Sustainability One of the key elements of future energy generation is the switch to non-depletable resources, widely known as renewable energy sources (RES). There are many types of RES, however, but the focus of this article is on biomass products, which mainly consists of forest production (wood) and energy crops. One of the main problems of using biomass products for renewable energy production is the fact that several constraints should be imposed for both the management of forests and land. There are different aspects of optimal management of biomass products that guarantees the sustainability of the ecological systems. In this article, an analysis of the management for forest and agricultural products from energy crops is presented, demonstrating latest trends in biomass products as primal resource for renewable energy. Finally, a conceptual model for a biomass supply chain is proposed and discussed. | 158572011 |
4,508,685 | Should Dosing of Rocuronium in Obese Patients Be Based on Ideal or Corrected Body Weight? BACKGROUND:Pharmacokinetic studies in obese patients suggest that dosing of rocuronium should be based on ideal body weight (IBW). This may, however, result in a prolonged onset time or compromised conditions for tracheal intubation. In this study, we compared onset time, conditions for tracheal intubation, and duration of action in obese patients when the intubation dose of rocuronium was based on three different weight corrections. METHODS:Fifty-one obese patients, with a median (range) body mass index of 44 (34–72) kg/m2, scheduled for laparoscopic gastric banding or gastric bypass under propofol-remifentanil anesthesia were randomized into three groups. The patients received rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) based on IBW (IBW group, n = 17), IBW plus 20% of excess weight (corrected body weight [CBW]20% group, n = 17), or IBW plus 40% of excess weight (CBW40% group, n = 17). Propofol was administered as a bolus of 200 mg and an infusion at 5 mg · kg−1 · h−1 and remifentanil was administered at 1.0 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1, both according to CBW40%. Neuromuscular function was monitored with train-of-four nerve stimulation and acceleromyography. The primary end point was duration of action, defined as time to reappearance of the fourth twitch in train-of-four. RESULTS:The median (range) duration of action was 32 (18–49), 38 (25–66), and 42 (24–66) min in the IBW, CBW20%, and CBW40% groups, respectively (P = 0.001 for comparison of the IBW and CBW40% group). There were no significant differences in onset time (85 vs | 28614011 |
4,508,686 | 84 vs 80 s) or in intubation conditions 90 s after administration of rocuronium. CONCLUSIONS:In obese patients undergoing gastric banding or gastric bypass, rocuronium dosed according to IBW provided a shorter duration of action without a significantly prolonged onset time or compromised conditions for tracheal intubation. | 28614011 |
4,508,687 | Antibiotic Adjuvant Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant Carbapenemases Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated Sepsis: A Case Study. Rising resistance and spread of K. pneumoniae strains, create great concerns in treating sepsis patients due to high incidence of mortality and morbidity. The current study is a case of a 20-year-old male with sepsis and bilateral lung lesions infected with Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae (KPC) showing resistance to carbapenem and polymyxin. Based on sensitivity report, patient was put on antibiotic adjuvant: Elores (ceftriaxone, sulbactam, disodium edetate) along with fluconazole for 10 days. Elores was instituted with remarkable recovery and patient was discharged. | 27436611 |
4,508,688 | On Newman polynomials which divide no Littlewood polynomial Recall that a polynomial P(x) G Z[x] with coefficients 0, 1 and constant term 1 is called a Newman polynomial, whereas a polynomial with coefficients -1, 1 is called a Littlewood polynomial. Is there an algebraic number ol which is a root of some Newman polynomial but is not a root of any Littlewood polynomial? In other words (but not equivalently), is there a Newman polynomial which divides no Littlewood polynomial? In this paper, for each Newman polynomial P of degree at most 8, we find a Littlewood polynomial divisible by P. Moreover, it is shown that every trinomial l + uxa +vxb, where a < b are positive integers and u, v € {1, 1}, so, in particular, every Newman trinomial 1 + xa + xb, divides some Littlewood polynomial. Nevertheless, we prove that there exist Newman polynomials which divide no Littlewood polynomial, e.g., x9+x6+x2+x+l. This example settles the problem 006:07 posed by the first named author at the 2006 West Coast Number Theory conference. It also shows that the sets of roots of Newman polynomials Vjv» Littlewood polynomials Vc and {-1,0,1} polynomials V are distinct in the sense that between them there are only trivial relations V/v C V and Vc C V. Moreover, V jz Vc U Vjsf. The proofs of several main results (after some preparation) are computational. | 18490161 |
4,508,689 | Conclusive proof needed for animal virus reservoirs Recent reports from Hong Kong and China have declared a dog to be infected with Covid-19. It is unsurprising to me that dogs should be infected with a beta coronavirus (the same group of coronaviruses into which Covid-19 is now placed). In 2003, myself and colleagues discovered a beta coronavirus in dogs during our investigations of an acute respiratory disease outbreak in a rehoming kennel … | 214600361 |
4,508,690 | An ANFIS-based Computation to Study the Degradation-related Ageing effects in Nanoscale GAA-TFETs The degradation aspects associated with Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) have become an active research area that needs further development. In this work, a new computation methodology based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed for predicting the switching capabilities of Gate All Around (GAA) TFET devices including interface trap effects. Accordingly, several performance criteria including the current ratio (Ion/Ioff) ratio and the swing factor (S) are considered to analyze the device degradation phenomenon. ATLAS 2-D numerical simulator has been exploited for the elaboration of the training dataset of the neuro-fuzzy system. Based on the obtained outcomes, the proposed approach can provide new pathways for accurately predicting the performance of nanoelectronic circuits based on GAA-TFETs including the ageing effects. | 232312911 |
4,508,691 | Dense connectomic reconstruction in layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex Brain anatomy revealed in startling detail The mammalian cerebral cortex is an enormously complex network of neuronal processes that are long and thin, branching, and extremely densely packed. This high packing density has made the reconstruction of cortical neuronal networks challenging. Motta et al. used advanced automated imaging and analysis tools to reconstruct with high spatial resolution the morphological features of 89 neurons and their connections in the mouse barrel cortex. The reconstruction covered an area more than two orders of magnitude larger than earlier neuroanatomical mapping attempts. This approach revealed information about the connectivity of inhibitory and excitatory synapses of corticocortical as well as excitatory thalamocortical connections. Science, this issue p. eaay3134 An advanced, automated imaging and analysis tool reconstructs high-resolution morphological features of 89 neurons and their connections. INTRODUCTION The brain of mammals consists of an enormously dense network of neuronal wires: the axons and dendrites of nerve cells. Their packing density is so high that light-based imaging methods have so far only been able to resolve a very small fraction of nerve cells and their interaction sites, the synapses, in mammalian cortex. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy allow researchers to image every nerve cell and all chemical synapses in a given piece of brain tissue, opening up the possibility of mapping neuronal networks densely, not just sparsely. Although there have been substantial advances in imaging speed, the analysis of such 3D image data is still the limiting step. Therefore, dense reconstructions | 92802111 |
4,508,692 | of cortical tissue have thus far been limited to femtoliter-scale volumes, keeping the systematic analysis of axons, neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites of different types, and the dense connectome between them out of reach. RATIONALE Image analysis has made decisive progress using artificial intelligence–based methods, but the resulting reconstructions of dense nerve tissue are still too error-prone to be scientifically meaningful as is. To address this, human data analysis has been integrated into the generation of connectomes and it is the efficiency of this human–machine data analysis that now determines progress in connectomics. We therefore focused on efficiency gains by: (i) improving the automated segmentation quality, (ii) analyzing the automated segmentation for locations of likely errors and directing the human work to these locations only, and (iii) optimizing human data interaction by helping annotators to immediately understand the problem to be solved, allowing fast, in-browser parallel data flight, and by minimizing latency between annotator queries. With this, close to 100 student annotators solved hundreds of thousands of reconstruction problems within just 29 s each, including all preparation and transition time. RESULTS We reconstructed 2.7 m of neuronal wires densely in layer 4 of mouse somatosensory cortex within only ~4000 invested human work hours, yielding a reconstruction ~300 times larger than previous dense cortical reconstructions at ~20-fold increased efficiency, a leap for the dense reconstruction of connectomes. The resulting connectome between 6979 presynaptic and 3719 postsynaptic neurites with at least 10 synapses each, comprising 153,171 synapses total, was then analyzed for the dense circuit structure in | 92802111 |
4,508,693 | the cerebral cortex. We found that connectomic data alone allowed the definition of inhibitory axon types that showed established principles of synaptic specificity for subcellular postsynaptic compartments, but that at scales beyond ~5 μm, geometric predictability of the circuit structure was low and coarser models of random wiring needed to be rejected for dense cortical neuropil. A gradient of thalamocortical synapse density along the cortical axis yielded an enhanced variability of synaptic input composition at the level of single L4 cell dendrites. Finally, we quantified connectomic imprints consistent with Hebbian synaptic weight adaptation, obtaining upper bounds for the fraction of the circuit that could have undergone long-term potentiation. CONCLUSION By leveraging human–machine interaction for connectomic analysis of neuronal tissue, we acquired the largest connectome from the cerebral cortex to date. Using these data for connectomic cell-type definition and the mapping of upper bounds for the learned circuit fraction, we establish an approach for connectomic phenotyping of local dense neuronal circuitry in the mammalian cortex, opening the possibility for the connectomic screening of nervous tissue from various cortices, layers, species, developmental stages, sensory experience, and disease conditions. Dense reconstruction of ~500,000 cubic micrometers of cortical tissue yielding 2.7 m of neuronal cables (~3% shown, front) implementing a connectome of ~400,000 synapses between 34,221 axons and 11,400 postsynaptic processes (fraction shown, back). These data were used for connectomic cell-type definition, geometrical circuit analysis, and measurement of the possible plastic fraction (the “learnedness”) of the circuit. The dense circuit structure of mammalian cerebral cortex is still unknown. With developments | 92802111 |
4,508,694 | in three-dimensional electron microscopy, the imaging of sizable volumes of neuropil has become possible, but dense reconstruction of connectomes is the limiting step. We reconstructed a volume of ~500,000 cubic micrometers from layer 4 of mouse barrel cortex, ~300 times larger than previous dense reconstructions from the mammalian cerebral cortex. The connectomic data allowed the extraction of inhibitory and excitatory neuron subtypes that were not predictable from geometric information. We quantified connectomic imprints consistent with Hebbian synaptic weight adaptation, which yielded upper bounds for the fraction of the circuit consistent with saturated long-term potentiation. These data establish an approach for the locally dense connectomic phenotyping of neuronal circuitry in the mammalian cortex. | 92802111 |
4,508,695 | Anti-noise quick fuzzy-clustering digital image segmentation method The invention discloses an anti-noise quick fuzzy-clustering digital image segmentation method. The method includes the steps of performing feature extraction of an image to be segmented to obtain a feature data set X of the image; using the feature data set X and neighborhood information of the image to perform anti-noise pretreatment of an original image; initializing a cluster center by a K-means algorithm; calculating a fuzzy membership matrix; updating the fuzzy membership matrix through a space function based on space information construction; calculating the cluster center and a targeted function value used for implementing cluster segmentation based on the updated fuzzy membership matrix; performing loop iteration; and acquiring probability of data points belonging to a certain type according to a fuzzy membership matrix subjected to cluster output, and segmenting the image by performing classification markup to each data point according to the maximum probability principle. Satisfactory image segmentation effect can be obtained with few iterative times, influence of noise is eliminated well, and quality of image segmentation and stability of segmentation effect are increased. | 140297761 |
4,508,696 | [Out-patient treatment of deep vein thrombosis: management and experience of two vascular care centres in Germany]. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In Germany there are still major reservations about using low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Based on encouraging international reports, we have been establishing a primarily out-patient management of thrombosis since 1996. In our centres for vascular diseases we tried to evaluate the suitability of such a regimen for the treatment of patients in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1996 and October 1999 we evaluated the possibility of an out-patient therapy for all patients with acute deep vein thrombosis who had been referred to our institution. Suitable patients were treated with an initial daily dose of 200 IU Dalteparin per kg body-weight in addition to compression therapy. RESULTS During this time we treated 587 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities (41 % men and 59 % woman with a mean age of 60.3 +/- 13.8 years) of whom 105 were hospitalised. Out-patient therapy was without any complications in 94.2 % of the remaining 482 patients. Overall mortality was 0.4 % (2 patients). The deaths occurred without apparent relationship to the kind of therapy. Progressive thrombus extension occurred in five patients, symptomatic pulmonary embolism in one patient and >>recurrent thromboembolic events<< in nine patients. These results correspond with the good efficacy of Dalteparin as expected from the data in the literature. Severe bleedings were not observed. Three patients experienced mild bleeding. CONCLUSIONS We conclude from our data that, in | 23201211 |
4,508,697 | accordance with international studies, an out-patient thrombosis management with Dalteparin is efficacious and safe. | 23201211 |
4,508,698 | Prevalence of depression over a 12-month period in a nonpatient population. A nonpatient population of air traffic controllers, all of whom remained employed during the observation period, was examined monthly for one year for level of depression using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The average monthly prevalence of depression was 9.1%, with 7.0% at the symptom level, 1.9% at a level comparable to outpatients, and 0.2% with moderately severe levels. These figures were generally similar to those for other reported population groups, although exact comparisons were difficult because of the preselection for health in this population. Two patterns of depression were observed. One was characterized by an acute, episodic symptomatology returning to nonsymptomatic levels for most of the year, similar to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) category "episodic minor depressive disorder." The other showed a chronic, fluctuating course with significant depressive symptomatology over half the year, similar to RDC category "chronic and intermittent minor depressive disorder." | 28129211 |
4,508,699 | Future challenges and opportunities in child welfare. The advent of a new century stimulates a need in people to review the past and a readiness to contemplate future challenges and opportunities in one's area of interest. Those concerned with child welfare share this preoccupation. Looking back just a century ago, we see children riding orphan trains, no "safety net" for families, and child protection being addressed by voluntary organizations such as Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Few then would have predicted the changes to and challenges in child welfare today. Given the developments of the past 100 years, it is natural for us to wonder what lies ahead in the next 100. What are the challenges facing the field? What resources need to be strengthened or developed to meet those challenges? Are there ways in which the field needs to think more creatively? Are there innovations or reforms that should be considered? In what direction is the field heading-and is this where we want to be going? Child Welfare sought answers to these questions from leaders in the field, who were invited to share their reflections and recommendations about the future of child and family welfare as we enter the 21st century Their responses are compiled in this special issue. This issue of Child Welfare also commemorates the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Child Welfare League of America, which from its inception has steadfastly served as an advocate for children and families in need. Overview The responses to Child Welfare's invitation | 28176261 |
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