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4,508,500 | Globalization, Tax Distortions and Public Sector Retrenchment It is widely perceived that globalization is a threat to tax financed public sector activities. The argument is that public activities (public consumption and transfers) financed by income taxes distort labour markets and cause higher wages and thus a loss of competitiveness. Since this link is strengthened by globalization, it is inferred that the marginal costs of public funds increase and a retrenchment of the public sector follows. We challenge whether these conclusions have support in a general equilibrium model featuring standard effects from open macroeconomics and trade theory. Even though income taxation unambiguously worsens wage competitiveness, it does not follow that marginal costs of public funds increase with product market integration due to gains from trade. Moreover, non-cooperative …fiscal policies do not have a race-to-the-bottom bias despite that taxes harm competitiveness. In fact we identify an expansionary bias in fiscal policies that is likely to increase with globalization when taxes finance either public consumption or transfers. | 219392521 |
4,508,501 | Existential hazards of the multicultural individual: defining and understanding "cultural homelessness". Cultural homelessness (CH) is the authors' term to describe unique experiences and feelings reported by some multicultural individuals. Ethnically related concepts found in the cross-cultural and multiethnic literature (e.g., marginality, intercultural effectiveness, ethnic enclaves, reference group) are used to explain how CH may arise from cross-cultural tensions within the ethnically mixed family and between the family and its culturally different environment, especially due to geographic moves. CH is conceptualized as a situationally imposed developmental challenge, forcing the child to accommodate to contradictory and changing norms, values, verbal and nonverbal communication styles, and attachment processes. Culturally homeless individuals may enjoy a broader, stronger cognitive and social repertoire because of their multiple cultural frames of reference. However, code-switching,complexities may lead to emotional and social confusion, which, if internalized, may result in self-blame and shame. Culturally encoded emotion labeling may be disrupted, leading to alexithymia. | 261821 |
4,508,502 | A role for central spindle proteins in cilia structure and function Cytokinesis and ciliogenesis are fundamental cellular processes that require strict coordination of microtubule organization and directed membrane trafficking. These processes have been intensely studied, but there has been little indication that regulatory machinery might be extensively shared between them. Here, we show that several central spindle/midbody proteins (PRC1, MKLP‐1, INCENP, centriolin) also localize in specific patterns at the basal body complex in vertebrate ciliated epithelial cells. Moreover, bioinformatic comparisons of midbody and cilia proteomes reveal a highly significant degree of overlap. Finally, we used temperature‐sensitive alleles of PRC1/spd‐1 and MKLP‐1/zen‐4 in C. elegans to assess ciliary functions while bypassing these proteins' early role in cell division. These mutants displayed defects in both cilia function and cilia morphology. Together, these data suggest the conserved reuse of a surprisingly large number of proteins in the cytokinetic apparatus and in cilia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | 2405171 |
4,508,503 | Assessing Income Distribution at the District Level for India Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery Several studies have been carried out relating nighttime lights with economic activity. But most studies relating nighttime lights with economic activity have focused on associating higher totals in economic activity with higher sum of lights across regions. The question addressed in this paper is how best to model the relationship of nighttime lights with not just the wealthy but also the relatively worse-off within a region. The implications of such an exercise are immense with respect to ascertaining income distribution aspects of any area. The methods developed in this paper explore the relation between households in different income brackets at the district level for India, and the radiance-calibrated nighttime image of 2004. Besides the radiance-calibrated data of 2004, estimates of household incomes and number of households in different income brackets, made by Indicus Analytics (specialized economic research firm, based in New Delhi, India) were used. The results were mapped and insights were drawn for all districts based on their socio-economic profile. These results illustrate the advantage of using this easily available data for determining income inequalities, especially in information-deficient countries such as India. | 55257971 |
4,508,504 | SK‐NEP‐1 and Rh1 are Ewing family tumor lines The utility of preclinical models of childhood cancers is contingent upon reliably classifying them with their corresponding clinical counterparts. Molecular tools such as gene expression profiling allow researchers to confirm the similarity between clinical tumors and preclinical models. We describe the use of gene expression profiling to show that SK‐NEP‐1, a cell line previously thought to represent anaplastic Wilms tumor, is instead related to Ewing sarcoma. RT‐PCR confirmed that SK‐NEP‐1 expresses EWS–FLI1 gene fusion transcripts characteristic of Ewing sarcoma, and DNA sequencing demonstrated the joining of exon 7 of EWS with exon 5 of FLI1 for these transcripts. Rh1, which was previously categorized as an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, also has a gene expression profile suggestive of Ewing sarcoma and expresses EWS‐FLI1 fusion transcripts in which exon 7 of EWS is joined with exon 6 of FLI1. These examples illustrate the importance of molecularly characterizing pediatric preclinical models used for testing new agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:703–706. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | 19134971 |
4,508,505 | (Un)Ethical Early Interventions in the Alzheimer’s “Marketplace of Memory” Over the last century, Alzheimer’s disease has proven a highly malleable concept. Initially an obscure diagnosis pertaining to rare cases of young onset dementia, by the latter half of the 20th century the label had replaced “senility” as the global shorthand for age-related memory loss—a discreet end-of-life disease amenable to cure (Whitehouse and George 2008). However, failures to develop effective therapies in the 21st century have, as McKeown, Malhi, and Singh (2021) write, engendered another paradigmatic shift away from late-stage treatments and toward a pre-symptomatic model aimed at identifying the condition upstream using biomarkers/ genes and interceding with “personalized” treatments. New socially-constructed “pre-disease” categories such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), and preclinical Alzheimer’s have emerged to promote treatment of milder-and-milder forms of memory loss—the latter construct representing a situation wherein Alzheimer’s-associated biomarkers are present in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms. This early intervention paradigm is fraught with practical, philosophical, and ethical challenges. At the core sits an inconvenient truth: that what we have singularly called “Alzheimer’s disease” for the last halfcentury is defined by its heterogeneous, age-related, and multi-factorial nature, and thus more appropriately regarded as a syndrome, i.e., “Alzheimer’s diseases”. Consequently, for a condition where pathology is not destiny (to the point where AD is difficult to diagnose at autopsy given use of variable criteria and methods) (Hyman et al. 2012), it is daunting to imagine a future where early-stage biomarkers assume predictive power. Invariably, as McKeown et al. (2021) | 240000021 |
4,508,506 | write, pursuit of early diagnostics will be burdened with potential for false positives/negatives until proven adequately reliable, specific, sensitive, and valid. So too does the conceptual move upstream to earlier “diagnostic” labeling risk excess medicalization, especially when some degree of memory loss and accumulation of neuropathology associated with socalled “Alzheimer’s disease” is the statistical norm for aging brains beyond sixty-five years. Do we wish to extend one of society’s most feared and stigmatizing labels to people, especially when present treatments are so limited and a “cure” non-existent and even unlikely given complexities with heterogeneity/overlap with aging? Ultimately, it is sentient human beings with fragile, finite lives and relational bonds who must bear the consequences of medical labels, and we must approach telling people they are “at-risk” for dementia (or becoming caregivers) with requisite caution, sensitivity, and humanity (George 2010). There are also valid concerns about industry’s influence within the “upstream” paradigm. Early intervention tests (e.g., amyloid-imaging) can be lucrative for commercial providers even as their use offers unclear diagnostic accuracy and creates anxiety, ambiguity, and uncertainty for patients and families. Moreover, it is possible that “pre-disease” categories will augment offlabel use of current FDA-approved (but rather ineffective) Alzheimer’s drugs. Professional organizations and big pharma have funded expert panels that have established diagnostic parameters for MCI and preclinical Alzheimer’s, frequently producing biased articles reifying the categories that justify therapeutic trials for patients with pre-disease labels. As this “diagnostic creep” occurs, there are inevitably increasing opportunities for companies offering treatment/diagnostics to enlarge market share, and any engagement with | 240000021 |
4,508,507 | the ethics of early intervention must grapple with the conflicts | 240000021 |
4,508,508 | Solving Square Jigsaw Puzzle by Hierarchical Loop Constraints We present a novel computational puzzle solver for square-piece image jigsaw puzzles with no prior information such as piece orientation or anchor pieces. By “piece” we mean a square $d$d x $d$d block of pixels, where we investigate pieces as small as 7 × 7 pixels. To reconstruct such challenging puzzles, we propose to find maximum geometric consensus between pieces, specifically hierarchical piece loops. The proposed algorithm seeks out loops of four pieces and aggregates the smaller loops into higher order “loops of loops” in a bottom-up fashion. In contrast to previous puzzle solvers which aim to maximize compatibility measures between all pairs of pieces and thus depend heavily on the pairwise compatibility measures used, our approach reduces the dependency on the pairwise compatibility measures which become increasingly uninformative for small scales and instead exploits geometric agreement among pieces. Our contribution also includes an improved pairwise compatibility measure which exploits directional derivative information along adjoining boundaries of the pieces. We verify the proposed algorithm as well as its individual components with mathematical analysis and reconstruction experiments. | 51705771 |
4,508,509 | Why We Do What We Do: Exploring Priorities within Public Services Librarianship Public services librarians perform an increasingly diverse set of duties, and this study explores which job components are most important to librarians. The researchers surveyed public services librarians at ARL libraries to gather data on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence how public services librarians spend their time. The study examines librarian opinions about job aspects that are most personally satisfying and issues related to tenure and librarian education. The results show a disconnect between what librarians view as important to users and what is important for achieving tenure. The year of graduation also appears as a key factor in perceptions and practices, including a perceived lack of library school training for instruction work. | 62598121 |
4,508,510 | Heat elution: a modification of the Landsteiner-Miller method Abstract Elution removes antibodies coating red blood cells and allows for serologic testing of the recovered antibodies. Heat elution may be used in the investigation of ABO hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, in the detection of weak A and B antigens in combination with adsorption-elution using polyclonal antibodies, and for the resolution of interfering IgM agglutinating antibodies. | 195760771 |
4,508,511 | Spatial variability of snow chemistry in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica During the austral summer of 1993-94 a number of 1-2 m deep snow pits were sampled in connection with firn-coring in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The traverse went from 800 to about 3000 m a.s.l. upon the high-altitude plateau. Profiles of cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+), anions (Cl−, NO3-, SO4 2- , CH3SO3 −) and stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) from 11 snow pils are presented here. Close to the coast 2 m of snow accumulates in about 2-3 years, whilst at sites on the high-altitude plateau 2 m of snow accumulates in 10—14 years. The spatial variation in ion concentrations shows that the ions can be divided into two groups, one with sea-salt elements and methane sulfonate and the other with nitrate and sulfate. For the sca-salt elements and methane sulfonate the concentrations decrease with increasing altitude and increasing distance from the coast, as well as with decreasing temperature and decreasing accumulation rate. For nitrate and sulfate the concentrations are constant or increase with respect to these parameters. This pattern suggests that the sources for sca-salt elements and methane sulfonate are local, whereas the sources for nitrate and sulfate are a mixture of local and long-range transport. | 54779871 |
4,508,512 | Design and characterization of LC strain sensors with novel inductor for sensitivity enhancement This paper presents a LC strain sensor with a novel encapsulated serpentine helical inductor. The helical coil of the inductor is formed by serpentine wire to reduce the radial rigidity. Also the inductor is encapsulated by material with high Poisson’s ratio. When an axial deformation is applied to this encapsulated inductor, the cross-sectional area of the helical coil will have more evident change due to lower radial rigidity and encapsulation. Therefore, the variation of inductance or LC resonant frequency can be enhanced to provide better sensitivity of the LC strain sensor. By using PDMS as encapsulated material, it is shown that the sensitivity of the conventional helical inductor with or without encapsulation are both about 73.0 kHz/0.01ε, which means that encapsulation on the conventional helical inductor does not help to improve the sensitivity due to high radial rigidity of the conventional helical coil. It is also found that the encapsulated serpentine helical inductor has better sensitivity (121.9 kHz/0.01ε) than the serpentine helical inductor without encapsulation (62.7 kHz/0.01ε), which verifies the sensitivity enhancing capability of the proposed encapsulated serpentine helical inductor design. The error between simulation and measurement results on sensitivity of LC strain sensor with the encapsulated serpentine inductor is about 5.57%, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. The wireless sensing capability is also successfully demonstrated. | 55822571 |
4,508,513 | Collective shape oscillations of SiGe islands on pit-patterned Si(001) substrates: a coherent-growth strategy enabled by self-regulated intermixing. The shape of coherent SiGe islands epitaxially grown on pit-patterned Si(001) substrates displays very uniform collective oscillations with increasing Ge deposition, transforming cyclically between shallower "dome" and steeper "barn" morphologies. Correspondingly, the average Ge content in the alloyed islands also displays an oscillatory behavior, superimposed on a progressive Si enrichment with increasing size. We show that such a growth mode, remarkably different from the flat-substrate case, allows the islands to keep growing in size while avoiding plastic relaxation. | 41109971 |
4,508,514 | Treatment-related morbidity and hospital league tables: experience from a national audit of radiotherapy-induced morbidity in cervical carcinoma. Data are now available from a U.K. audit of survival and late morbidity following curative radiotherapy for cancer of the cervix treated in 1993. The complication rate per centre ranges from 0 to 67%. Although the frequency of complications following curative radiotherapy for cancer of the cervix might be considered to be an indicator of clinical performance, variation in treatment outcomes can be explained by sampling variability rather than real differences in quality of care. In the present study we have asked the question: could the disparity in complication rates between centres be no more or less than would be expected by chance? Our analysis suggests that this is the case, and for this reason it would be premature to use such outcome data to produce league tables or to assess institutional differences. Thus, ranking centres according to complication rate would not be valid, as the differences in rates observed are probably not significantly different from the national average. It is important that audit data are not used inappropriately and this analysis further highlights the need for reliable prospective collection of clinical information and the importance of considering sampling variability in interpreting the results of such studies. | 11513671 |
4,508,515 | Hydrological changes of the past 1400 years recorded in δD of sedimentary n-alkanes from Poyang Lake, southeastern China Hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) of plant leaf wax have been increasingly used for paleohydrological reconstructions over various geological timescales. Here, we analyzed downcore variations of δD values of long-chain C31 and C33 n-alkanes from Poyang Lake in southeastern China to infer hydrological changes recorded in terrestrial higher plants during the past 1400 years. Variations in δD values of long-chain n-alkanes were generally consistent with fluctuations of published rainfall proxy (Dry–Wet Index) in southern regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley. We suggest that the δD record from Poyang Lake is likely influenced by the regional rainfall variations, which is interpreted as a result of the combined effect of ‘amount effect’ and evapotranspiration. More negative δD values during ca. AD 1200–1500 with a higher amount of rainfall suggested a wetter ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP), and more positive δD values at ca. AD 1500–1900 with a lower amount of rainfall indicated a relatively dry ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). This pattern of hydrological changes generally corresponded to the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) as recorded in oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) of stalagmite from the Wanxiang Cave in central China, providing further support that ASM has played an important role in controlling hydrological changes during the MWP and LIA in monsoon-dominated southeastern China. | 129699221 |
4,508,516 | Optimal Seasonal Spinning Reserve Scheduling for Islanded Microgrid Operation Under Contingency Conditions The spinning reserve (SR) can be defined as the amount of unused power capacity in an online power generation unit which can compensate for power shortages or frequency deviation within a given period of time. Power shortage is a common issue in microgrid operation. Hence, determining optimal scheduling of SR for microgrid operation under contingency condition is one of the most important aspects of microgrid operation under contingency events. This paper proposes an economic dispatch optimization algorithm to find optimal scheduling of spinning reserves in islanded microgrid operation under both normal and contingency conditions. The seasonal variation of net load is considered in this study. The problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and carried out using CPLEX software. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. | 249688621 |
4,508,517 | The effect of Hypericum perforatum on isolated rat aorta Context: Different Hypericum species such as Hypericum perforatum (HP) L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra are well known and widely used traditional medicine in Turkey. Objectives: We investigated the effect of standardized HP extract on endothelium and vascular function. Materials and methods: After suspending the aortas with endothelium in organ baths containing Krebs solution, contractile and relaxant responses were assessed in the absence and presence of HP (0.05 mg/ml). Results: Although there were significant reductions in the contractile responses to phenylephrine (1113.73 ± 164.11; 477.40 ± 39.94; p < 0.05) and potassium chloride (745.58 ± 66.73; 112.58 ± 26.58; p < 0.05), no differences in the relaxant responses to acetylcholine (94.61 ± 2.65; 87.79 ± 9.40) and sodium nitroprusside (108.82 ± 5.06; 106.43 ± 7.45) were observed. Discussion and conclusion: These data suggest that even the high dose of HP intervention does not bring any harmful effect on endothelium and smooth muscle function; meanwhile it might be beneficial on some of diseases accompanied with increased vascular contraction. | 10560771 |
4,508,518 | Surface viscoelasticity of concentrated salt solutions: specific ion effects. Herein, we study the viscoelastic response of concentrated salt solutions using surface waves excited by electrocapillarity. We show that the hydrodynamic behaviour of the solutions is similar to that of water at concentrations up to 2 m-well above the concentration C*, at which inhibition of bubble coalescence occurs in these solutions. This result excludes the occurrence of changes in the slip conditions at C*, postulated to explain this inhibition. Our study is carried out on salts that both increase and decrease the surface tension. We observe that the salt that decreases the tension does not change the surface behaviour at all, whereas the other two salts essentially produce negative contributions to the surface viscoelasticity at very high salt concentrations. The effects observed are quite large and remain to be explained. | 40989121 |
4,508,519 | Stabilization of a protein by removal of unfavorable abnormal pKa: substitution of undissociable residue for glutamic acid-35 in chicken lysozyme. Glu35 in chicken lysozyme has an abnormally high pKa (6.1) partly due to the hydrophobic environment provided by Trp108. The relationship between protein stability and abnormal pKa was investigated in detail by using mutant lysozymes in which Glu35 was replaced by undissociable residues and an oppositely ionizable residue. It was found that lysozyme was stabilized at alkaline pH range by the replacement of Glu35 with an undissociable residue, Gln (E35Q lysozyme) or Al (E35A lysozyme). On the other hand, when Glu35 was replaced by His (E35H lysozyme), which could have an opposite charge to Glu by ionization, the introduced His35 was found to have an abnormally low pKa (3.6), leading to the destabilization of lysozyme at acidic pH. These observations are completely consistent with the situation that the environment around Glu35 is highly hydrophobic and therefore the placement of either a positive or negative charge in such an environment leads to destabilization of lysozyme. These observations also indicate that the replacement of an acidic residue having abnormally high pKa or a basic residue having abnormally low pKa by an undissociable residue is a very efficient and general method for stabilization of a protein. | 6582671 |
4,508,520 | [Determination of diterpene glycosides in coffee (author's transl)]. The determination of 3'O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2'-O-isovaleroyl-2beta-(2-desoxy-atractyligenin)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (KA 1) and 2-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-atractyligenin (KA II) in coffee was carried out by liquid/liquid-partition, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and photometry. In robusta and arabusta green coffees KA I levels were below the limit of detection, in arabica green coffees between 170 and 460 mg/kg. KA II was present in robusta green coffees between 10 and 45 mg/kg, in arabusta green coffee at about 60 mg/kg, in arabica green coffees between 290 and 340 mg/kg. During roasting these values are reduced, but not during commercial extraction. | 8323121 |
4,508,521 | Cerebral Ischemia Elicits Aberration in Myocardium Contractile Function and Intracellular Calcium Handling The mechanisms of myocardial dysfunction and calcium handling disturbance underlying cerebral ischemia remain obscure. Here we for the first time report that acute cerebral ischemia significantly increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), but decreased +dP/dt, -dP/dt, and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP). Significant increase in either the resting or KCl-induced [Ca2+]iin ventricular myocytes was also detected by scanning confocal microscopy at 2 and 24 hours after cerebral ischemia. Verapamil as a blocker of ICa,L, ryanodine as a specific inhibitor of RyR, thapsigargin as a highly specific inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and SEA0400 as a selective NCX inhibitor changed the area under the curve of averaged ratio of fluorescence (FI/F₀I) induced by KCl. Cardiac expression of Cav1.2 was significantly up-regulated at 2 and 24 hours after cerebral ischemia, whereas cardiac expression of SERCA2a and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) was significantly down-regulated at the same time period after cerebral ischemia. Cardiac expression of phospholamban (PLB) was significantly elevated at 2 hours after cerebral ischemia but was restored to about normal level at 24 hours after injury. These data suggest that acute cerebral ischemia may specifically disturb cardiac function and calcium homeostasis, which are related to increase of Cav1.2 and decrease of through up-regulating Cav1.2 and PLB, down-regulating SERCA2a and NCX, subsequently leading to Ca2+ overload by the enhancement of Ca2+ influx and inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ extrusion and cerebral ischemia-induced myocardial dysfunction. | 17871471 |
4,508,522 | Gene Conversion Between Cationic Trypsinogen (PRSS1) and the Pseudogene Trypsinogen 6 (PRSS3P2) in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis Mutations of the human cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) are frequently found in association with hereditary pancreatitis. The most frequent variants p.N29I and p.R122H are recognized as disease‐causing mutations. Three pseudogene paralogs in the human trypsinogen family, including trypsinogen 6 (PRSS3P2), carry sequence variations in exon 3 that mimic the p.R122H mutation. In routine genetic testing of patients with chronic pancreatitis, we identified in two unrelated individuals similar gene conversion events of 24–71 nucleotides length between exon 3 of the PRSS1 (acceptor) and PRSS3P2 (donor) genes. The converted allele resulted in three nonsynonymous alterations c.343T>A (p.S115T), c.347G>C (p.R116P), and c.365_366delinsAT (p.R122H). Functional analysis of the conversion triple mutant revealed markedly increased autoactivation resulting in high and sustained trypsin activity in the presence of chymotrypsin C. This activation phenotype was identical to that of the p.R122H mutant. In addition, cellular secretion of the triple mutant from transfected HEK 293T cells was increased about twofold and this effect was attributable to mutation p.R116P. Our observations confirm and extend the notion that recombination events between members of the trypsinogen family can generate high‐risk PRSS1 alleles. The pathogenic phenotype of the novel conversion is explained by a unique combination of increased trypsinogen activation and secretion. | 563721 |
4,508,523 | Changes in motility, gene expression and actin dynamics: Cdk6‐induced cytoskeletal changes associated with differentiation in mouse astrocytes Cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and cdk6 have historically been understood to be D‐cyclin kinases that phosphorylate pRb in the nucleus to regulate G1 phase of the cell cycle. In conflict with this understood redundancy are several studies that have demonstrated a novel role for cdk6 in differentiation. Cdk6 expression must be reduced to allow proper osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, enforced cdk6 expression blocked differentiation of mouse embryo fibroblasts, and cdk6 expression in primary astrocytes favored the expression of progenitor cell markers (Ericson et al. [2003] Mol Cancer Res 1:654–664; Matushansky et al. [2003] Oncogene 22:4143–4149; Ogasawara et al. [2004a] J Bone Miner Res 19:1128–1136; Ogasawara et al. [2004b] Mol Cell Biol 24:6560–6568). Experiments shown here investigate novel cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of cdk6. These data demonstrate that cdk6 expression in mouse astrocytes results in changes in patterns of gene expression, changes in the actin cytoskeleton including loss of stress fibers, and enhanced motility. These changes in cdk6‐infected cells are associated with the process of cellular differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 635–646, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | 37367871 |
4,508,524 | Let’s talk about dying Imagine a situation where most people with a common condition do not have it diagnosed. Where opportunities are repeatedly missed to identify the problem and to offer structured evidence based care. Where people are too often denied a chance to influence their care in a planned proactive way. This area of healthcare generates 54% of all hospital complaints. What is this condition? Dying. Despite huge advances and successes in end of life care in the United Kingdom, of which we should be rightly proud, we have not yet managed to transform care. Someone in Britain dies every minute, yet many of us are afraid to discuss dying, leaving many people unprepared and unable to plan. All of us must do more to talk about this if we are to give patients the best chance of a good death. Even people with advanced progressive illness who are admitted to hospital are often not identified for end of life care, meaning that many patients who could benefit from palliative care never have that opportunity. Too many people still die in distress with uncontrolled symptoms, are inappropriately … | 43895271 |
4,508,525 | Identification of Managerial Criteria for Efficient Coordination between a Manufacturer and Suppliers in Supply Chains In supply chains, coordination between a manufacturer and suppliers is regarded as the most important issue when partnership of organizations is considered. Since the suppliers are external to the manufacturer and poor coordination between them results in excessive delays and ultimately leads to poor customer service, manufacturers need a new methodology to select suppliers and to manage and enhance the partnership between manufacturer and suppliers. We suggest a methodology that extends knowledge obtained from the supplier selection process to the supplier management process. We reserved a word, the supplier selection and management system (SSMS) for this methodology. In this paper, we explain how the SSMS is applied to a real supply chain. The methodology identifies the managerial criteria using information derived from supplier selection process and makes use of them in the supplier management process. These managerial criteria include key criteria that are major criteria required by the manufacturer for the best quality of parts from suppliers according to the character of each part, and weak criteria that show the shortcomings of selected suppliers as compared with alternative suppliers with regard to each criterion. The effectiveness of supplier management with managerial criteria was verified by a t-test and a correlation analysis with data collected and hypothesized from a Korean air-conditioner manufacturer. | 166347321 |
4,508,526 | ARIES-RS loss of coolant accident (LOCA) analysis Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) analysis has been performed for the ARIES-RS fusion power plant. LOCA occurs when one or more supply tubes outside the reactor are damaged or ruptured preventing the coolant from reaching the in-vessel components. For this analysis, it is assumed that the plasma is immediately quenched and the temperature of the chamber components begins to increase due to the generated afterheat. This work examines the thermal behavior of the in-vessel components to determine the maximum temperature reached and addresses various schemes of afterheat removal. The thermal behavior of the reactor following a LOCA is simulated using a transient 2-D finite element model. The toroidal field (TF) magnets are perfectly thermally insulated from the rest of the reactor components and are not used as a heat sink. The analysis shows that the outboard first wall will reach a maximum temperature of 1174/spl deg/C for a vanadium first wall and will remain at a temperature higher than 1100/spl deg/C for about 10 hours. This means that a passive afterheat removal system should be incorporated in the design to protect the ARIES-RS plant in-vessel components from being damaged in case of LOCA. | 111025421 |
4,508,527 | The Angantyr Model for Heavy-Ion Physics in PYTHIA8 †‡ We have formulated a new model for collisions with nuclei, called Angantyr, which is now included in PYTHIA8 event generator. The model is inspired by the old Fritiof model, but also includes effects of hard partonic interactions. It uses a Glauber model to calculate the number of wounded nucleons, but includes fluctuations in the nucleon-nucleon(NN) interaction to separate non-diffractively and diffractively wounded nucleons. The MC simulates final states without assuming a thermalised plasma. In this manner we are providing an event generator to be used to simulate events from pp to AA with the same underlying physics approach. Collective effects due to high string density are not included in the present version, but will be added in future work. | 146027821 |
4,508,528 | Incorporating Motif Analysis into Gene Co-expression Networks Reveals Novel Modular Expression Pattern and New Signaling Pathways Understanding of gene regulatory networks requires discovery of expression modules within gene co-expression networks and identification of promoter motifs and corresponding transcription factors that regulate their expression. A commonly used method for this purpose is a top-down approach based on clustering the network into a range of densely connected segments, treating these segments as expression modules, and extracting promoter motifs from these modules. Here, we describe a novel bottom-up approach to identify gene expression modules driven by known cis-regulatory motifs in the gene promoters. For a specific motif, genes in the co-expression network are ranked according to their probability of belonging to an expression module regulated by that motif. The ranking is conducted via motif enrichment or motif position bias analysis. Our results indicate that motif position bias analysis is an effective tool for genome-wide motif analysis. Sub-networks containing the top ranked genes are extracted and analyzed for inherent gene expression modules. This approach identified novel expression modules for the G-box, W-box, site II, and MYB motifs from an Arabidopsis thaliana gene co-expression network based on the graphical Gaussian model. The novel expression modules include those involved in house-keeping functions, primary and secondary metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. In addition to confirmation of previously described modules, we identified modules that include new signaling pathways. To associate transcription factors that regulate genes in these co-expression modules, we developed a novel reporter system. Using this approach, we evaluated MYB transcription | 18212121 |
4,508,529 | factor-promoter interactions within MYB motif modules. | 18212121 |
4,508,530 | A Nyström Method for the Eigenvalue Problem of a Class of Noncompact Operators We consider the eigenvalue problem of certain kind of noncompact linear operators given as the sum of a multiplication and a kernel operator. Under the assumption that there is a unique (up to normalization) positive eigenfunction f p , we propose a combination of the finite section and Nyström methods for approximation of f p and the corresponding eigenvalue. It is proved that the proposed method is convergent. Some examples of the problem are solved numerically using the proposed method. | 122113171 |
4,508,531 | [Tauopathies--a new class of neurodegenerative diseases]. Recently it was shown by several research groups that mutations in the gene encoding for the tau protein associated with microtubuli on chromosome 17 caused a distinct form of dementia named frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism (FTDP-17). This disease includes familial asymmetrical frontal and, in the further course, frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism, which is often initially sensitive to levodopa, signs of upper motor neuron degeneration, and, less commonly, amyotrophy. Tau is an intracellular protein of the cytoskeleton, which is responsible for the arrangement and stabilization of microtubuli. The discovery of mutations in the tau gene causing a distinct neurodegenerative disease in humans has firmly established the importance of the tau gene for neurodegenerative processes, not only in tauopathies but also in other degenerative disorders with tau pathology, such as corticobasal degeneration, supranuclear progressive paralysis, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam, and Alzheimer's disease. Our experience with patients suffering from PTDP-17 shows that its phenotype varies more than was described in the first consensus conferences. In the future, it will be important to designate the diagnostic gold standard not by clinical description, but etiologic classification. | 42482521 |
4,508,532 | Platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in disc herniation tissue: and immunohistochemical study. Angiogenesis is essential in tissue growth and regeneration. There are several factors that are able to stimulate vascular endothelial cell growth, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Disc herniation tissue (DHT) contains vascular ingrowth, which promotes granulation tissue formation. In this study we observed 50 disc herniations for PDGF and VEGF immunoreactivity. PDGF immunopositivity was detected in 38 samples (78%). In 28 samples (56%) there were PDGF immunopositive capillaries, PDGF immunopositive disc cells were detected in 19 samples (38%) and PDGF immunopositive fibroblasts in 6 DHT samples (12%). VEGF immunopositive capillaries were identified in 44 DHT samples (88%). For neither growth factor was immunopositivity dependent on preoperative radicular pain duration. In extrusions (n = 25) VEGF immunopositive capillaries were detected in 23 samples (92%) and PDGF immunopositivity in 21 samples (84%). PDGF immunopositivity was more commonly associated with capillaries than with nuclei of disc cells. In sequesters (n = 20) VEGF immunopositive capillaries were identified in all samples and PDGF immunopositivity in 16 (80%). As in extrusions, PDGF immunoreaction was more prevalent in capillaries than in disc cells. Patient age did not relate to VEGF expression. In all age groups it was higher than 80%. Thus capillaries in disc herniation tissue are evidently newly formed and our results demonstrate that PDGF and VEGF participate in the neovascularization process. The presence of PDGF in fibroblasts and in disc cells suggests that this growth factor regulates the | 6040821 |
4,508,533 | function of these cells, possibly the proliferation of the cells and the production of extracellular matrix components. | 6040821 |
4,508,534 | Low-Cost Multicystalline Silicon Wafers by Purifying Metallurgical Grade Silicon with Tin Solution The PV industry is currently facing serious difficulty in finding silicon feedstock to shore up their expansion plan to meet the rapid growth of the solar cell market. The work reported here is an effort to tackle the severe problem of silicon shortage for PV industry, and to bring down the cost for solar wafer production. A single-step process of producing silicon wafers directly from metallurgical grade silicon (MGSi) is being developed in GT Equipment Technologies, Inc (GTi). In this process, tin is used as a solvent to dissolve both silicon and impurities in the MGSi, and to retain most of the impurities during silicon crystallization. By applying the shaped crystal growth technology, silicon ribbons are pulled out of the Si-Sn melt. The thin silicon ribbons can be used directly as solar wafers. The final goal of this project is to obtain silicon ribbon that can be used directly as wafers for solar cells with targeting efficiency of no less than 14%. The preliminary objectives of the current research phase is to obtain 2" wide silicon ribbons, to analyze the purity of the grown ribbons, to characterize the electrical properties of the ribbon, and to develop a prototype puller for growing 5 to 6 inch wide silicon ribbons out of the Si-Sn solution. The experimental work on the single-step silicon wafer from MG-Si so far has demonstrated that silicon ribbons can be pulled from the MG-Si and Sn solution. Significant reduction of concentration in | 22554721 |
4,508,535 | the grown ribbons has been observed for most of the metallic impurities. The reduction effect results from partitioning of impurities into tin. However, the reduction of both boron and phosphorus is not significant. Also, the obtained samples contain large amount of tin (several hundred ppm to 1%). The measured lifetime of the obtained wafer is still low (0.1 to 1.0 microsecond). Further reduction in boron and phosphorus level is required and the effect the tin inclusion needs to be investigated | 22554721 |
4,508,536 | A security pass for messages: message keys In this paper we introduce the concept of Message Keys by proposing that their function is similar to that of an employee's security pass in that they identify legitimate messages. We describe numerous types and forms of keys, their usage, advantages and disadvantages. Further we describe the requirements of three different types of key issuing facilities and the types of keys typically issued by each. We explore the dynamics of user confidence in systems that utilize user feedback or training, and identify the benefits of supplementing user feedback with an automated "Message Keys" system. We discuss two different implementation architectures, user acceptance, and system scalability. Finally we argue that exposing a user to spam in their Spam folder is still exposing the user to Spam, and that the best way to avoid this exposure is to avoid false positives. | 14323221 |
4,508,537 | Research on meta‐action decomposition and meta‐action unit modeling technology for electromechanical product The current decomposition methods are not suitable for electromechanical product; the smallest decomposition units obtained by these methods are static parts or components, which cannot reflect the characteristics of electromechanical product that ‘action determines motion, and motion determines function'. Meta‐action is the smallest action to realize the function of electromechanical product, and it is reasonable to regard meta‐action as the smallest decomposition unit of electromechanical product. Meta‐action unit is the smallest structural unit to ensure the normal operation of meta‐action, and it is also the smallest carrier of electromechanical product quality characteristics. Meta‐action unit modeling technology is the basis of other subsequent research, so it is necessary to study it. In this paper, detailed criteria for meta‐action decomposition and meta‐action unit separation are formulated, and the standardized structural model, symbolized conceptual model, and assembly model of meta‐action unit are also studied, which provide a basis for mechanical, kinematic, and failure mechanism research of electromechanical product. A CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool made in China is taken as an example for meta‐motion decomposition and meta‐action unit modeling, and the results verify the applicability and correctness of the method proposed in this paper. The proposed method is also applicable to other types of electromechanical product. | 203098821 |
4,508,538 | Proteomic Insights into Metabolic Adaptations in Alcanivorax borkumensis Induced by Alkane Utilization ABSTRACT Alcanivorax borkumensis is a ubiquitous marine petroleum oil-degrading bacterium with an unusual physiology specialized for alkane metabolism. This “hydrocarbonoclastic” bacterium degrades an exceptionally broad range of alkane hydrocarbons but few other substrates. The proteomic analysis presented here reveals metabolic features of the hydrocarbonoclastic lifestyle. Specifically, hexadecane-grown and pyruvate-grown cells differed in the expression of 97 cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins whose genes appeared to be components of 46 putative operon structures. Membrane proteins up-regulated in alkane-grown cells included three enzyme systems able to convert alkanes via terminal oxidation to fatty acids, namely, enzymes encoded by the well-known alkB1 gene cluster and two new alkane hydroxylating systems, a P450 cytochrome monooxygenase and a putative flavin-binding monooxygenase, and enzymes mediating β-oxidation of fatty acids. Cytoplasmic proteins up-regulated in hexadecane-grown cells reflect a central metabolism based on a fatty acid diet, namely, enzymes of the glyoxylate bypass and of the gluconeogenesis pathway, able to provide key metabolic intermediates, like phosphoenolpyruvate, from fatty acids. They also include enzymes for synthesis of riboflavin and of unsaturated fatty acids and cardiolipin, which presumably reflect membrane restructuring required for membranes to adapt to perturbations induced by the massive influx of alkane oxidation enzymes. Ancillary functions up-regulated included the lipoprotein releasing system (Lol), presumably associated with biosurfactant release, and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis enzymes associated with carbon storage under conditions of carbon surfeit. The existence of three different alkane-oxidizing systems is consistent with the broad range of oil hydrocarbons degraded by A. borkumensis and | 13645421 |
4,508,539 | its ecological success in oil-contaminated marine habitats. | 13645421 |
4,508,540 | Sustainability and EU Road Transport Carbon Emissions from Consumption of Diesel and Gasoline in 2000 and 2018 To accomplish the 1.5 °C and 2 °C climate change targets, the European Union (EU) has set up several policy initiatives. Within the EU, the carbon emissions of the road transport sector from the consumption of diesel and gasoline are constantly rising. (1) Background: due to road transport policies, diesel and gasoline use within the EU is increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and adding to climate risks. (2) Methods: sustainability analysis used was based on the method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (3) Results: to meet its road transport requirements, the EU produces an estimated 0.237–0.245 billion tonnes of carbon per year from its total consumption of diesel and gasoline. (4) Conclusion: if there is no significant reduction in diesel and gasoline carbon emissions, there is a real risk that the EU’s carbon budget commitment could lapse and that climate change targets will not be met. Sustainability analysis of energy consumption in road transport sector shows the optimum solution is the direct electrification of road transport. | 238662821 |
4,508,541 | On conductivity measurements at temperatures exceeding 1500 /spl deg/C Ferrous metallurgy with light arc furnaces using conducting slag has working temperatures well over 1500 degrees centigrade (1500 /spl deg/C). An essential parameter for the metallurgy process is the conductivity of the slag at these high temperatures. The precise measurement of the slag conductivity and the temperature in this range is a very demanding task for the mechanical design of the measurement system as well as for the layout of the measurement electronics. This paper describes the measurement system in mechanical and electrical design; in detail the specially developed differential measurement amplifiers (milli-volt amplifiers) are shown. | 31775171 |
4,508,542 | Laser Beam Propagation through Scattering Medium for Sub-surface Laser Dosimetry Title: LASER BEAM PROPAGATION THROUGH SCATTERING MEDIUM FOR SUB-SURFACE LASER DOSIMETRY Renee D. Naphas, Master of Science, 2011 Thesis Directed by: Dr. Yu Chen Departent of Bioengineering Dr. Ilko Ilev Food and Drug Administration Optical therapeutic (OT) devices, which range in applications from laser tissue ablation and surgery to photodynamic (PDT) and low-level laser therapies (LLLT), are assessed for safety and efficacy on the basis of Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE), which measures radiation dose in J/cm, delivered to the target area as well as surrounding tissues. We present the characterization of an imaging system for, and method of, determining the maximum dose of devices capable of delivering peak energy level to sub-surface tissue layers. This method utilizes a fiber optic based imaging system designed to allow for comparability across laser parameters, tissue sample type and layer thickness. LASER BEAM PROPAGATION THROUGH SCATTERING MEDIUM FOR SUB-SURFACE LASER DOSIMETRY | 109186421 |
4,508,543 | A Unified Framework for Dividing and Predicting a Large Set of Action Units This paper presents a unified framework for robust and real-time recognition of a full set of Action Units or a majority of them. The key idea is to systematically divide the AUs into two subsets: strongly connected AUs (SAUs) and weakly connected AUs (WAUs). A probabilistic scoring function is introduced to divide the AUs into SAUs and WAUs based on the strength of spatial AU relations. Then, a spatio-temporal model is created to predict WAUs in real-time without using any computer vision techniques. A number of empirical analyses were performed to validate the proposed framework. The systematic division of AUs is found to be consistent across various datasets. It is also observed that the spatio-temporal model is robust in predicting WAUs within and across datasets. For example, comparison of the proposed framework with the state-of-the-art technique, such as Computer Expression Recognition Tool Kit (CERT), is performed on posed, FERA 2011, and spontaneous expression databases. The average two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) scores of WAUs on these databases are found to be 0.931, 0.637, and 0.654 for the unified framework. The corresponding numbers for the CERT are 0.795, 0.434, and 0.414 for the same datasets. Hence, the 2AFCs are improved by 17.11, 46.77, and 57.97 percent, respectively. Most importantly, the proposed approach outperforms the CERT significantly with spontaneous facial expressions. In addition, the unified framework is found to be effective in minimizing errors introduced by simultaneous display of emotion and speaking. In particular, it is | 15498721 |
4,508,544 | observed that it has an 75.87 percent improvement over the CERT in identifying WAUs on speaking part of the FERA 2011 dataset. Additionally, it was also observed that proposed framework has better 2AFC score compared to another state of the art AU detector: LAUD 2010. Finally, the proposed approach also contributes in a significant reduction of the run-time and improves robustness in predicting WAUs from various datasets. | 15498721 |
4,508,545 | Investigation into distortion control in OFDM radar by spectral avoidance The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation/demodulation scheme is finding interest as a radar modulation scheme. While advantages are seen in the fidelity of the waveforms generated, and the ability to adapt the modulation quite rapidly, OFDM schemes have been noted in the past to suffer in the presence of non-linearities in the electronic system. Here the spectral avoidance scheme is investigated in order to reduce the influence of non-linearities in OFDM radar. Measurements on an experimental OFDM Radar show that the spectral avoidance scheme can indeed reduce the influence of non-linearities. The scheme does not compromise the ability of OFDM to provide waveform fidelity and adaptability. | 13068471 |
4,508,546 | The quality of acute stroke units on a nation‐wide level: the Austrian Stroke Registry for acute stroke units Concepts for stroke units that cover the acute phase vary. Therefore, the network of acute stroke units that is being set up in Austria in a uniform way is of general interest. This nationwide network has been established in accordance to evidence‐based recommendations and prespecified criteria for available resources. The location for such a unit follows a maximum of 90‐min isochrones (transport time) to the hospital. The quality of the network is currently documented and the results are reported. | 24760321 |
4,508,547 | Magnetorheological Isolators Using Multiple Fluid Modes This study presents the experimental and theoretical evaluation of an MR (magnetorheological) isolator using multiple fluid modes including shear, flow and squeeze. For doing so, a novel type of multi-mode MR isolator against multi-degree-of-freedom excitations is proposed and fabricated. The experimental testing of the proposed MR isolator is conducted by an MTS machine and its damper characteristics are experimentally evaluated by equivalent damping and complex stiffness methods. To construct a theoretical model of the MR isolator, its dynamic equation is derived and important model parameters are identified by the force averaging method using the force—displacement or the force-velocity plots. Using the theoretical model, the damper characteristics of the MR isolator are also predicted and compared to those computed using the experimental data. | 137206121 |
4,508,548 | A Review of the Dry Valley Drilling Project, 1971–76 The Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, lying some 75 km west of McMurdo station, form an arid, ice-free area of roughly 2 500 km2. Since the late 1950s, this region has provided a remarkable opportunity for geoscientific studies of the exposed surface rocks, within easy reach of logistic support at McMurdo and Scott bases on Ross Island (Fig 1). As a result of a study of Lake Vanda in the Wright Valley, which began during the 1963–64 summer field season, scientists from the United States, New Zealand and Japan supported the view that further advances in our knowledge of the Dry Valleys would require an examination of the unconsolidated material, and the geothermal regime at lake sites, using direct shallow drilling techniques. As drilling techniques and interestin the geological history of the McMurdo region as a whole (encompassing the Transantarctic Mountains, Ross Island, McMurdo Sound and the Dry Valleys) developed, an international, multidisciplinary project—the Dry Valley Drilling Project (DVDP)—was conceived. By 1969 the US National Science Foundation (NSF) had decided to coordinate proposals from scientists wishing to drill the first intermediate and deep cores into the sediment and rock of Antarctica; the aim, a reconstruction of Antarctic geological history that traditional surface or near-surface studies alone could never achieve. Initially, the approach was to be a sub-surface physical, chemical and biological examination of theDry Valleys, but as the project developed it encompassed studies of the Ross Island volcanic complex and McMurdo Sound sediments. | 140608721 |
4,508,549 | All-purpose and plug-in power-law detectors for transient signals A power-law statistic operating on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) data has emerged as a basis for a remarkably robust detector of transient signals having unknown structure, location, and strength. We offer a number of improvements to Nuttall's (1994) original power-law detector. Specifically, the power-law detector requires that its data be prenormalized and spectrally white; a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) and self-whitening version is developed and analyzed. Further, it is noted that transient signals tend to be contiguous both in the temporal and frequency sense, and consequently, new power-law detectors in the frequency and the wavelet domains are given. The resulting detectors offer exceptional performance and are extremely easy to implement. There are no parameters to tune. They may be considered "plug-in" solutions to the transient detection problem and are "all-purpose" in that they make minimal assumptions on the structure of the transient signal, save of some degree of agglomeration of energy in time and/or frequency. | 17121771 |
4,508,550 | The nearby: A scope of seeing The world during the COVID-19 pandemic became more divided than united, both between states and among individuals. Opinions are polarized partly because, as I have observed in urban China, the public is simultaneously preoccupied by the very near (the self) and the very far (the imagined ‘world’), but neglect the space in between, and as a result fail to recognize how the social world is concretely constituted through interconnected differences. This article advocates a way of perceiving the world by taking ‘the nearby’ (fujin in Chinese) as a central scope. The nearby is a lived space where one encounters people with diverse backgrounds on a regular basis. The nearby brings different positions into one view, thus constituting a ‘scope’ of seeing. Such a scope enables nuanced understandings of reality and facilitates new social relations and actions. The nearby could form a line of resistance against the power of the state, capital and technology, that is turning local communities into units of administrative control and value extraction. This article calls for a ‘First Mile Movement’, in which artists, researchers and activists work together to help facilitate citizens with the construction of their nearby as a basis for reflecting upon life experiences, testing grand ideologies and engaging in public discussion. | 243823921 |
4,508,551 | The Falémé deposits, Republic of Senegal – an old kid, new on the iron ore block Abstract The Falémé iron ore deposits are located in the so-called 'Birrimian' volcano-sedimentary complex that extends in a general NE-SW direction across Eastern Senegal and part of Mali and Guinea. The rocks underwent folding and greenschist facies metamorphism, as well as various events of granitoid emplacement. The deposits formed part of the Dialé-Daléma Series of the Birrimian Supergroup and were subjected to contact metamorphism. The Fe-mineralisation occurs as primary magnetite within the metamorphic aureole. Supergene oxidation (martitisation) of this mineralisation produced the hematite-rich iron deposits that can be seen as prominent hills across the plains of this southeastern corner of Senegal. The Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières of France and Société des Mines de Fer du Sénégal Oriental have conducted several phases of prospecting since 1957. Their aim was to delineate the primary magnetite and oxidised ore (hematite) deposits and to assess the grade, beneficiation characteristics and marketability of the iron ore. A hematite feasibility study by Fluor Daniel was completed in 1992. Results indicated that, at the time, the resource could not compete in the international arena in terms of size and accessibility. The growing iron ore market and additional available resources in the area now challenge the 1992 feasibility study results and put the old kid back on the iron ore block. The project faces some mining challenges, such as the amount of magnetite in the hematite product that will be acceptable to the market. Previous project | 130280671 |
4,508,552 | evaluations only considered the secondary hematite deposits as economically viable. It is therefore important to accurately delineate the magnetite/hematite contact zone to optimise the resource tonnage. Project logistic constraints also exist in terms of railway access and harbour facilities. The resource is, however, well situated for the European iron ore market and aims to find a place in the rapidly expanding iron ore seaborne trade. | 130280671 |
4,508,553 | The Glyptothorax of the Bolaven Plateau, Laos (Teleostei: Sisoridae): new and endangered. Glyptothorax forabilis, new species, and G. porrectus, new species, are described from the Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos. Both species closely resemble G. laosensis, but can be distinguished from it and other Indochinese congeners by combinations of color pattern, morphometry (with particular regards to the eye, body depth, and caudal peduncle) and thoracic adhesive apparatus morphology. Both species are endemic to the Bolaven Plateau, have a very limited distribution and are threatened by hydropower and agricultural activities. | 34499471 |
4,508,554 | Amphiphilic N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Self-Assembly in Polar Solvents. Soft matter-directed self-assembly of amphiphilic inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has recently emerged as a promising approach to access NP ensembles with superior collective properties. While thiol-terminated molecules are primarily employed to tether the amphiphilic ligand to the metal, concerns remain regarding the stabilities of the resulting NPs and their corresponding aggregates. As an alternative, we report amphiphilic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To accomplish this, an amphiphilic NHC-AuI complex based on an asymmetric triethylene glycol-/dodecyl-functionalized benzimidazole was first synthesized and used to prepare the corresponding stable amphiphilic NHC-decorated AuNPs. The resulting NPs were comprehensively characterized using both solution- and solid-state-based techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By optimizing the self-assembly behavior of these amphiphilic AuNPs in deionized water, ethanol, and their mixtures, we were able to fine-tune the plasmonic properties of the AuNPs in the wide range of 525-640 nm. Furthermore, when treated with thiols, the ensembles showed greater stability compared to their parent discrete AuNP counterparts at room temperature. | 206680321 |
4,508,555 | Angiotensin II receptor blockade and progression of nondiabetic-mediated renal disease. While the bulk of the existing data are in diabetic renal disease, there are some animal and clinical studies that compare the effects of angiotensin I (AT-1) receptor antagonists to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in renal disease of nondiabetic origin. Based on these data, preservation of renal function and morphology occurs with AT-1 receptor antagonists in animal models where renal injury is hemodynamically mediated such as in the remnant kidney. Conversely, in non-hemodynamically mediated renal injury such as in puromycin nephrosis, AT-1 receptor antagonists have not consistently protected against declines in glomerular filtration rate or development of interstitial fibrosis. This may, however, be related to dosage, since high doses of AT-1 receptor antagonists show some protection against progression in these models. It is too early, however, to make judgments regarding the clinical impact of the AT-1 receptor antagonists on progression of nondiabetic renal disease. The result of the ELITE trial support the concept that progression of renal dysfunction associated with heart failure is ameliorated to a similar extent between ACE inhibitors and the AT-1 receptor antagonist, losartan. The AT-1 receptor antagonist group also had fewer side effects including the absence of cough as well as a lower, albeit not statistically significant, incidence of hyperkalemia. Thus, the emerging database supports the concept that AT-1 receptor antagonists have an efficacy similar to ACE inhibitors for preserving renal function and morphology in hemodynamically mediated renal injury. It is unclear, however, whether this drug class will reduce immunologically-mediated renal | 30750071 |
4,508,556 | injury. | 30750071 |
4,508,557 | ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RAT GASTRIC FUNDIC WALL AFTER THE IMPACT OF THE COMPLEX OF FOOD ADDITIVES The main submicroscopic changes in the gastric wall of rats after exposure to monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite and Ponceau 4R were determined. It was found that the effect of a complex of food additives on the mucous membrane of the fundus of the stomach of rats led to a violation of secretion and secretion, which at the ultrastructural level was manifested by violations of architecture and electron density of secretory granules in major exocrinocytes, cervical mucocytes and superficial epithelium. The impact of the complex of food additives on the mucous membrane of the rat gastric fundus is manifested primarily by dystrophic changes in superficial scrobiculus exocrinocytes, which are in direct contact with exogenous factors, as well as in the exocrinocytes of gastric glands; disorders of microcirculation are also noted. parietal well as the gastric the In the mucocytes, mitosis been quite found, a of their cambial role in the gastric epithelium. The cells had an orbicular nucleus, sometimes with an irregular contour in the basal part. Ultramicroscopic examination reveals granules of medium electron-optical density and a developed Golgi complex. On the bottom of the fundal glands, the main exocrinocytes have been mainly found. have a pyramidal shape; the basal part of the cytoplasm. granules, | 250159921 |
4,508,558 | Kebab restaurant workers ; A Risky Business The analysis of the effects of the fumes generated during the cooking process in the kebab establishments on the respiratory health. PM10 and PM2.5 measurements were performed in the indoor environment of 3 kebab restaurant in the center of Urfa province. Questionnaire involving respiratory complaints and past medical history and respiratory function tests were performed on workers (57 male kebab workers). Average age of kebab workers were 33 years and their cigarette consumption was 9.5 p / yr and average work year was 13 years. The incidence of complaints were calculated(cough % 71.4, sputum % 71.4, dispnea %71.4 , eye burning sensation % 81, tightness in chest %83.3, burning sensation in nose and throat %92.9, sneeze %83.5, wheezing %95, headache %95, fatique %100, tiredness %95. Average forced vital capacity (FVC) was % 93 and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was % 95. Average peak expiratory flow rates of the kebab workers were % 79 and the maximal mid expiratory flow rate were % 93. Mean levels of PM10 and PM2.5 (PM10: 1900 μg / m3 and PM2.5: 570 μg / m3) were measured in the kebab restaurants. At the same timet outdoor environment PM10 (300 μgr / m3) and PM2.5 (130 μgr / m3) levels are significantly lower than PM levels of kebab restaurants. Maximum PM values were high in Kebab restaurants(PM10: 5695 µgr/m3 ile PM2.5: 956 µgr/m3). High levels of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution were observed in indoor kebab restaurants. Respiratory complaints of Kebap workers | 81834571 |
4,508,559 | increased and respiratory functions were effected. It is important to ensure proper indoor ventilation and respiratory protection in the kebab manufacturing business, which produces high levels of PM pollution | 81834571 |
4,508,560 | Structural basis for the inactivation of Thermus thermophilus proline dehydrogenase by N-propargylglycine. The flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of proline catabolism, the oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Here we report the first crystal structure of an irreversibly inactivated proline dehydrogenase. The 1.9 A resolution structure of Thermus thermophilus proline dehydrogenase inactivated by the mechanism-based inhibitor N-propargylglycine shows that N5 of the flavin cofactor is covalently connected to the -amino group of Lys99 via a three-carbon linkage, consistent with the mass spectral analysis of the inactivated enzyme. The isoalloxazine ring has a butterfly angle of 25 degrees , which suggests that the flavin cofactor is reduced. Two mechanisms can account for these observations. In both, N-propargylglycine is oxidized to N-propargyliminoglycine. In one mechanism, this alpha,beta-unsaturated iminium compound is attacked by the N5 atom of the now reduced flavin to produce a 1,4-addition product. Schiff base formation between Lys99 and the imine of the 1,4-addition product releases glycine and links the enzyme to the modified flavin. In the second mechanism, hydrolysis of N-propargyliminoglycine yields propynal and glycine. A 1,4-addition reaction with propynal coupled with Schiff base formation between Lys99 and the carbonyl group tethers the enzyme to the flavin via a three-carbon chain. The presumed nonenzymatic hydrolysis of N-propargyliminoglycine and the subsequent rebinding of propynal to the enzyme make the latter mechanism less likely. | 295521 |
4,508,561 | Targeting the anthrax receptors, TEM-8 and CMG-2, for anti-angiogenic therapy. The anthrax toxin receptors tumor endothelial marker-8 (TEM-8) and capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG-2) are responsible for allowing entry of anthrax toxin into host cells. These receptors were first discovered due to their enhanced expression on endothelial cells undergoing blood vessel growth or angiogenesis in model systems. Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important strategy for current anti-cancer therapies and treatment of retinal diseases. Functional roles for TEM-8 and CMG-2 in angiogenesis have recently emerged. TEM-8 appears to regulate endothelial cell migration and tubule formation whereas a role for CMG-2 in endothelial proliferation has been documented. TEM-8 and CMG-2 bind differentially to extracellular matrix proteins including collagen I, collagen IV and laminin and these properties may be responsible for their apparent roles in regulating endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis. TEM-8-binding moieties have also been suggested to be useful in selectively targeting anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic therapies to tumor endothelium. Additionally, studies of modified forms of lethal toxin (LeTx) have demonstrated that targeted inhibition of MAPKs within tumor vessels may represent an efficacious anti-angiogenic strategy. | 5977521 |
4,508,562 | An Efficient Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Partial Hadamard Feature Extraction and Hybrid Neural Network Based Monarch Butterfly Optimization for Liver Tumor Classification The liver tumor is one of the most widely occurring cancers nowadays. There are several forms of liver tumors, which are most often caused by hepatitis and cirrhosis. Furthermore, metastatic liver cancer may spread to other organs, posing a serious health risk. Hence it is ineluctable to diagnose this intimidating problem as early as possible. Liver tumour classification from ultrasound images is a challenging task since it is based on the structure and orientation of the liver tumour cells. To overcome this challenge, a novel hybrid artificial neural network-based monarch butterfly optimization algorithm is proposed for accurate liver tumour classification. Before the classification process, the liver tumor cells are preprocessed using different techniques such as adaptive filtering, median filtering, and color to greyscale transformation. Then the preprocessed images are segmented using the adaptively regularized kernel-based fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and level enhanced segmentation which enhances the segmentation process and the same features are aligned in the same segment. Further, the feature vectors are extracted with the aid of the hybrid Discrete Wavelet Transform-based partial Hadamard transform method, and the same features are mapped as the same vector. The classification task is performed by a hybrid artificial neural network-based monarch butterfly optimization algorithm which enhances the classification accuracy. The comparative analyses with the state-of-art works show that the proposed work outperforms all the other approaches in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, recall, and F1-score. | 245225171 |
4,508,563 | Unwanted transverse modes in SAW resonators caused by stitching errors and stripe nonlinearities High Q SAW and STW resonators utilize interdigital transducers with transverse weighting. This weighting is fit to the fundamental mode (M0) of the resonator cavity, so the transducer should not couple to the higher order transverse modes (M1, M2, ...). Errors in the actual resonator pattern caused by stitching errors in laser generated photomasks will introduce an asymmetry which can excite both higher order symmetric (M2, M4, ...) and antisymmetric (M1, M3, ...) transverse modes. Non-uniformities due to processing can also contribute to these higher order modes. Higher order modes in oscillators are undesirable because they degrade linearity or induce frequency popping. The majority of high resolution (0.5um or better) 1X photomasks are fabricated using laser mask-making machines. This approach is adequate for most SAW devices; however SAW resonators are very sensitive to small variations in linewidths and line positions - variations that cannot be detected by normal optical examination. A typical resonator pattern (2mm × 2mm active area) is too large to be exposed in a single laser stripe. The objective of this study is to determine the photomask fabrication method which can minimize the higher order transverse modes. A 695MHz STW resonator was designed and realized in an array of 26 rows and 16 columns on multiple 1x dark field quartz masks exposed with different photomask tools. The tools were Etec Alta 3500 and 3900 laser pattern generators, Micronic laser writer and an ASET 645 15" Image Repeater used with a | 21148671 |
4,508,564 | 10x reticle. Multiple wafers were contact-printed from each mask, and all dies on the wafers were RF-probed to acquire S11 over a span of 40MHz centered at 695MHz. The data was converted to admittance, and the main response was fitted to a lumped-element model, which was then removed. The residual data, which contained the extraneous modes, was then analyzed for correlation to: position in the array of dies; mask technology; wafer number. Electrical measurements of STW resonators fabricated with different photomask tools do exhibit differences in transverse mode levels, the newer pattern generators having lower high order modes. Those fabricated with mask generated with the 10X stepper exhibited the best performances. | 21148671 |
4,508,565 | Fundamental rights at work : Overview and prospects Editorial V The ILO Declaration and the supervisory mechanisms Core labour standards: A level playing field for all countries, Relevance of fundamental principles and rights and the dynamics of international labour standards, by Jean-Claude Javillier 4 Fundamental rights at work: A greater role for trade unions, Trade union rights at the dawn of the millennium: An overview, by Janek Kuczkiewicz 29 Core labour standards in export processing zones, by Claude Kwaku Akpokavie 35 When privatization means exploitation: Prison labour in privatized facilities, by Colin Fenwick 40 A world consensus for a final blow to the worst forms of child labour?, | 17023621 |
4,508,566 | Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of Nanoporous Gold Here we present current issues in understanding the mechanical behavior of nanoporous foams as a new class of high yield strength / low density materials. Gold nanoporous foams are used for a systematic study of mechanical properties since they can be synthesized with a wide range of ligaments sizes and densities. Preliminary tests demonstrate that a) Au foams have a fracture behavior dictated by the ligament size, and b) nanoporous Au is a high yield strength material. | 1139471 |
4,508,567 | A carrageenan/agarose composite sponge and its immunomodulatory activities towards RAW264.7. A kind of commercial hybrid carrageenan (HC) /agarose composite sponge containing κ-, μ-, ι-, and ν-carrageenan, which could turn into hydrogel and release carrageenan at human body temperature was fabricated for immune stimulation and modulation. Release behavior demonstrated that the hybrid carrageenan contained sponge was mechanically stable and could release carrageenan constantly. RT-PCR and ELISA experiments showed that the leaching liquor of the sponge could stimulate RAW264.7 from M0 state to a polarized state by secreting more anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 than pro-inflammatory ones such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Transwell experiments also indicated that the leaching liquor could promote the proliferation of NIH-3T3 by stimulating RAW264.7 of M0 state after 7 days. Results of particle size and intracellular concentration analyses suggested that the released carrageenan might enter into the cellular interior of RAW264.7 in the form of microgels or protein complexes. The sponge would be a promising candidate for skin wound dressing. | 220890371 |
4,508,568 | Religion, Politics and Civic Education The proper role and influence of religion in the public sphere continues to be contested and has important implications for civic education in a liberal democracy. Paul Weithman and Michael Perry argue that religion makes valuable contributions to civic participation and that religiously grounded beliefs should be fully welcome in political decision-making. In response, this paper strives for a middle ground of preparing citizens to engage thoughtfully with a wide range of moral perspectives, religious and otherwise, while promoting a civic virtue that still honours a commitment to public reason. | 143882221 |
4,508,569 | The Quality Assessment of Forests in the Cadastral District of Zvolen (Slovakia) SLÁMOVÁ MARTINA, JANČURA PETER, MODRANSKÝ JURAJ. 2018. The Quality Assessment of Forests in the Cadastral District of Zvolen (Slovakia). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 66(1): 183 – 194. The town of Zvolen was founded on an ancient trade route. Forests occupy more than half of its cadastral district and nearly a half the area is expected to be a recreational zone according to a urban planning documentation. The article focuses on the forest quality assessment using criteria (A and VA) indicating forest values and their accessibility from town centre, primarily by pedestrians: the forest accessibility (A) (the quality of peri‐urban zone; the accessibility by greenways; the presence of natural and urban barriers) and forest values (VA) (natural heritage and biodiversity; cultural and historical heritage; hiking trails; educational pathways and greenways). To accomplish this objective the importance of criteria was assigned for each one and the evaluation was proceeded within a decision matrix. Access to forests was tested on 13 greenways; forests were accessible from the town centre by 6 greenways overlapping hiking trails in a distance of 11.85 km (30.09 %) and historical roads in a distance of 6.28 km (15.96 %); 2 greenways exhibited the shortest distances and the most comfortable connection from the town centre to the most valuable forests (the Borová Hora Arboretum and municipal forests in surroundings of the Deserted Castle). Additionally, we pointed out, that these forests corresponded with the most popular place‐based identity localities. According to | 55628021 |
4,508,570 | the results, we noticed a reserve for the improvement of recreational facilities in forests and a hiking trail was proposed in the forest bearing the highest quality. The establishment of a functional greenbelt in the vicinity of the town is challenging opportunity to valorise still underestimated cultural and tourism potential of surrounding forests. | 55628021 |
4,508,571 | Characteristics and abruptness of InGaAs/InP quantum well and optoelectronic applications of quantum wells grown by GSMBE High quality quantum well structures of InGaAs/InGaAsP and InAlAs/InGaAsP were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements, transverse electromagnetic (TEM) observation of the cleaved edge, and high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns obtained during growth of the interface are used to investigate the characteristics of the heterointerface. Multiple quantum well separate confinement heterostructure (MQW-SCH) laser diodes, voltage-controlled bistable laser diodes, and InGaAsP/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes are discussed as device applications.<<ETX>> | 122497671 |
4,508,572 | Causes of Infertility among 1000 Patients in Ghana Infertility is a serious problem in Africa; affecting large number of women and causing much suffering. To address this problem an infertility clinic was opened in an isolated District General Hospital in Ghana. Statistics were kept over an 18-month period to identify the numbers of patients involved and the main cause of infertility. 1000 patients were registered during the course of twice-weekly clinics over 18 months. 118 patients (11.8%) became pregnant during this time and in 482 (48.2%) others a definite diagnosis was reached. The remaining patients were still under investigation or lost to follow-up at the end of the study period. Of the 118 pregnancies 40% had suffered from primary and 60% from secondary infertility. The duration of infertility ranged from 1 to 10 years. As expected the "successful" patients tended to be young (65% under 25 years) and to have had subfertility of limited duration (77% 4 years). 113 patients had evidence of tubal damage (43% primary and 57% secondary infertility), 63% had a history of pelvic inflammatory disease and 37% had a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. 219 male partners were subfertile: 38% were azoospermic; 33% severely oligospermic ( 5 x 10 to the 6th power/ml); 29% moderately oligospermic (20 x 10 tot he 6th power/ml); and 40% had never fathered a child. 61 patients were anovulatory as judged by amenorrhea or an irregular menstrual cycle. 10 of them were thought to be perimenopausal. 37 patients had uterine factors (27% primary and 73% secondary). | 12032021 |
4,508,573 | 33 women had fibroids, 2 congenital abnormalities and 2 previous subtotal hysterectomies. 52 patients had unexplained infertility, although there were associated factors in 5; 3 men refused to have seminal analysis, 1 woman had unilateral tubal block on hysterosalpingogram and 1 required dilatation of a stenosed cervix early in the study. That infertility is a serious problem in Africa is shown by the large numbers of patients registering at the clinic during the study. 60% either became pregnant or had the cause of their infertility explained. The commonest causes of infertility were male factor (45%) and tubal damage (23% of those diagnosed). This is almost certainly explained by the high rates of genital infection, encouraged by prevailing sexual ethics and poor health facilities. Health education has an essential role to play in the prevention of fertility problems-- both in over and underfertility. | 12032021 |
4,508,574 | Outcomes of VAC temporization following the excision of microinvasive sarcomas pending negative formal pathologic margins. e23559 Background: Microinvasive sarcomas can yield a high number of false negative intraoperative pathology margin analyses. Additional oncologic resection after soft tissue coverage is technically challenging and oncologically inaccurate. As a result the rate of local recurrence for these histologies can be 25% or higher. In select patients we have temporized the sarcoma tumor bed with a wound VAC pending final pathologic margins. If positive, the patient can return to the OR for a tumor bed excision. If negative, soft tissue coverage can proceed. Here we evaluate our outcomes using this approach. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with primary sarcomas managed with a VAC temporizing approach from from 1/1/2003 to 12/1/2019 with a minimum of 2 years of oncologic follow-up. Patients with unplanned ("oopsie") excisions were also included. Our primary outcome was local recurrence. Data is presented as percentages or mean ± standard deviation where appropriate. Results: Sixty-three patients were included (Table). Mean age was 62.3 ± 22.3 (median 67.3) years, 23 (36.5%) were female, and mean age-adjusted charlson comorbidity index was 5.3 ± 1.9. Twenty-four (38.1%) had undergone “oopsie” excisions. R0 margins were achieved in 59 (93.7%) patients, while the other 4 were known R1 resections due to patient tolerance or anatomy. Five local recurrences (7.9%) were diagnosed 3.2 ± 1.5 years after surgery, of which 3 had known positive margins. Free flaps were needed in 17 (27.0%) patients. Metastatic disease was diagnosed in 8 (12.7%) patients, who all died | 236348921 |
4,508,575 | of disease. Mean follow-up was 4.4 ± 2.9 years. Conclusions: VAC temporization results few local recurrences in patients with formally confirmed negative margins. This technique is particularly useful in the treatment of microinvasive disease or in the management of vulnerable hosts who may not be able to tolerate additional surgery in the future.[Table: see text] | 236348921 |
4,508,576 | Delta‐tocotrienol suppresses Notch‐1 pathway by upregulating miR‐34a in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating various cellular functions by transcriptional silencing. miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors (oncomirs), depending on cancer types. In our study, using miRNA microarray, we observed that downregulation of the Notch‐1 pathway, by delta‐tocotrienol, correlated with upregulation of miR‐34a, in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Moreover, re‐expression of miR‐34a by transfection in NSCLC cells resulted in inhibition of cell growth and invasiveness, induction of apoptosis and enhanced p53 activity. Furthermore, cellular mechanism studies revealed that induction of miR‐34a decreased the expression of Notch‐1 and its downstream targets including Hes‐1, Cyclin D1, Survivin and Bcl‐2. Our findings suggest that delta‐tocotrienol is a nontoxic activator of mir‐34a which can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion, and thus offering a potential starting point for the design of novel anticancer agents. | 40377371 |
4,508,577 | Equatorial Circulation in the Western Indian Ocean During Onset of the 2018 Summer Monsoon and Links to the Bay of Bengal Cross‐equator transects occupied by an underwater glider and a research vessel in the western Indian Ocean captured the evolution of equatorial circulation during onset of the boreal summer monsoon in 2018. At the end of the winter monsoon in March, surface currents were westward, while the equatorial undercurrent carried salty Arabian Sea High‐Salinity Water eastward. As winds transitioned from westward to eastward during April, an eastward near‐surface Wyrtki Jet developed, while the equatorial undercurrent weakened, vanishing by May. A first‐mode baroclinic Kelvin wave propagated through the survey region after westward winds relaxed. However, the vertical structure of the evolving circulation was inconsistent with the first baroclinic mode, suggesting the influence of higher modes in setting observed vertical structure. The strong equatorial undercurrent at the end of the winter monsoon allowed high‐salinity waters from the western equatorial Indian Ocean to reach the southern Bay of Bengal in summer 2018. | 213442721 |
4,508,578 | [Diurnal variation of active movements: an indication of fetal hypotrophy?]. In a prospective study of 36 pregnancies, the authors made use of the mother's counting of active movements in order to evaluate the correlation between daytime fluctuations in active movements and fetal hypotrophy. With a threshold peak mean evening motor activity no more than 20 p. cent greater than in the morning throughout the period counted, daytime variations were found to have optimal diagnostic capacity for hypotrophy. During the last week preceding delivery, a threshold mean peak evening active movements no more than 35 p. cent greater than in the morning yielded optimum diagnosis of fetal hypotrophy. Furthermore, there was a correlation between daytime fluctuations in active movements and the findings of fetal ultrasound biometry and utero-umbilical flow velocimetry. | 13356821 |
4,508,579 | A micro optical flying head for a PCMCIA-sized optical data storage A micro optical flying head is presented for high-density PCMCIA-sized small form factor(SFF) optical data storage. It is composed of a high numerical-aperture(NA) objective lens, a micro lens actuator for adjusting the position of the lens to optimize the focal point to the recording layer of an optical disk, and an integrated air-bearing surface for flying over the spinning disk. The overall size of the fabricated micro optical flying head, assembled with high NA(0.85) objective lens, is as small as 3 mm/spl times/1.6 mm/spl times/0.5 mm(in length/spl times/width/spl times/thickness), which makes it suitable for the optical data storage device of mobile applications. Also, a basic operation of a PCMCIA type II optical drive prototype including the micro optical flying head is tested and presented. | 9911321 |
4,508,580 | [Restoration of the sensitivity of cells resistant to Coxsackie B3 virus after treatment with sensitive cell filtrate]. The study was done with J-96 cell line sensitive to Coxsackie B3 virus and the subline J-41 derived from it and resistant to this virus. In order to determine the substrates responsible for the susceptibility or resistance of these cells to Coxsackie B3 virus, homogenates and filtrates of the susceptible cells were inoculated into resistant ones and vice versa. Inoculation of the resistant cell homogenates into the susceptible cells at various intervals after virus inoculation did not inhibit virus development. Inoculation of a filtrate of the susceptible cells into resistant ones followed by long-term cultivation resulted in restoration of the susceptibility. Reversion of susceptibility to Coxsackie B3 virus was gradual and accompanied by restoration in the cells of positive Homari test to alkaline phosphatase. The positive result was obtained twice in the absence of reversion in control cells not treated with the filtrate. | 42797821 |
4,508,581 | High-content siRNA screening. Very recent developments in instrumentation and image analysis have made microscopy applicable to high-throughput screening (HTS). For 'High-Content Screening' modern automated microscopy systems provide a throughput of up to 100,000 (confocal) images, with amazingly high resolution, of cells fluorescently stained using multiple colours that are imaged simultaneously during the screen. Image analysis tools provide multi-parametric pattern extraction and quantification on-the-fly. Big pharmaceutical companies have presented image-based screens of more than 100,000 compounds, while academia has published data on large RNA interference screens for functional genomics. Numerous whole-genome sequencing projects have been completed and published. Gene annotation is still in flux. Nevertheless, about 23,000 human genes have been reliably annotated. Additionally, gene expression array technologies and proteomics have added further data on molecules present in cells and tissues. The major challenge of the present and future is to unravel the detailed function of all these gene products and their interaction. One way to gain insight, is to design oligonucleotides that induce lack-of-function phenotypes by specifically inhibiting protein production. | 44326161 |
4,508,582 | Manipulation Planning for Redundant Robots: A Practical Approach An emerging paradigm in solving the classical motion- planning problem (among static obstacles) is to capture the connectivity of the configuration space using a finite (but pos sibly large) set of landmarks (or nodes) in it. In this paper, we extend this paradigm to manipulation-planning problem, where the goal is to plan the motion of a robot so that it can move a given object from an initial configuration to a final configuration while avoiding collisions with the static obstacles and other movable objects in the environment. Our specific approach adapts Adriadne's clew algorithm, which has been shown effective for classical motion-planning prob lems (Mazer et al. 1994; Ahuactzin 1994). In our approach, landmarks are placed in lower dimensional submanifolds of the composite configuration space. These landmarks repre sent stable grasps that are reachable from the initial con figuration. From each new landmark, the planner attempts to reach the goal configuration by executing a local plan ner, again in a lower (but different) dimensional submani fold of the composite configuration space. The approach is probabilistically resolution complete, does not assume that a closed-form inverse-kinematics solution for the manipulator is available, and is particularly suitable for redundant manip ulators. We also demonstrate that our approach is practical for realistic problems in three-dimensional environments with manipulator arms having fairly large numbers of degrees of freedom. We have experimented with this approach for a 7- DOF manipulator in 3-D environments with one movable ob ject, and computation times range between a | 31882211 |
4,508,583 | few minutes and a few tens of minutes-in our experiments, between 3 min to 15 min, depending on the task difficulty. | 31882211 |
4,508,584 | Composite tissue allograft transplantation of cephalocervical skin flap and two ears. Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, with an incidence that continues to increase.1 It is liable to proliferate and metastasize with chemoresistance in a majority of cases. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for cutaneous malignant melanoma both primary and recurrent if possible. Monochemotherapy with dacarbazine is still the first choice for metastases,2 because trials have failed to demonstrate significant survival benefit in patients treated with polychemotherapy compared with monochemotherapy or in patients treated with adjuvant immunotherapy or biotherapy compared with chemotherapy.1,3,4 At present, interferon is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved adjuvant treatment for high-stage melanoma and has shown indefinite benefits at the price of considerable toxicity2,5,6; the optimal dosage and duration of treatment are yet to be defined by ongoing studies.4,5 Radical resection will leave extensive tissue defects that are difficult to reconstruct using limited sources of autogenous tissue. Full functional and aesthetic reconstruction is challenging and is only rarely achieved. Although the benefits versus risks of composite tissue allograft transplantation are a matter of debate, most clinicians agree on the goal of making it a clinically feasible treatment that would serve as an ideal source for the replacement or reconstruction of tissues after traumatic loss or tumor resection and for the repair of congenital abnormalities.7 New advances in immunosuppressive regimens have greatly improved the outcome of composite tissue allograft transplantation. The first human hand allograft transplant was successfully performed and reported in September of 1998,8 and some other | 11336811 |
4,508,585 | countries have also successfully performed hand allograft transplants.9,10 The successful experimental model of composite face/scalp flap transplantation in the rat11 encouraged us to develop a protocol for composite tissue allograft transplantation on a female patient with cutaneous melanoma. The transplant was designed and performed following the Declaration of Helsinki with the recipient’s informed consent. We made a comprehensive pretransplantation evaluation on the patient’s general condition and therapeutic efficacy of previous treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. We then discussed with the patient the treatment of her tumor. We informed her of the risks and benefits of transplantation surgery and chronic immunosuppression in detail. The patient realized all the risks of infection, rejection, and malignancy with chronic immunosuppression and the benefits of tumor ablation and aesthetic reconstruction. | 11336811 |
4,508,586 | Revealing the Complex Nature of Bonding in the Binary High-Pressure Compound FeO_{2}. Extreme pressures and temperatures are known to drastically affect the chemistry of iron oxides, resulting in numerous compounds forming homologous series nFeOmFe_{2}O_{3} and the appearance of FeO_{2}. Here, based on the results of in situ single-crystal x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional theory+dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we demonstrate that iron in high-pressure cubic FeO_{2} and isostructural FeO_{2}H_{0.5} is ferric (Fe^{3+}), and oxygen has a formal valence less than 2. Reduction of oxygen valence from 2, common for oxides, down to 1.5 can be explained by a formation of a localized hole at oxygen sites. | 224814261 |
4,508,587 | Progression from interpersonal problems to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder Importance: Clinicians treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often faced with the difficult challenge of assessing when, and for whom, risk for suicide is greatest. Addressing this dilemma requires longitudinal, prospective data from high-risk samples with an elevated base rate of suicide attempts.Objective: To test whether dispositional characteristics modulate the pathway from interpersonal dysfunction to suicide in BPD. Design: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted between 1990 and 2020. Data were analyzed between April and July 2020. Participants were assessed annually for up to 30 years (mean number of follow-ups = 7.82). Setting: Participants were recruited from inpatient, outpatient, and community referral sources.Participants: 458 individuals (Mean age = 28.59, 77% female) diagnosed with BPD.Main Outcomes and Measures: Presence or absence of a suicide attempt within one year of each follow-up assessment. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to 1) examine longitudinal, within-person transitions from interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation to suicide attempts (i.e., the [I]nterpersonal-[I]deation-[A]ttempt pathway); and 2) evaluate whether two maladaptive personality dimensions, negative affect and disinhibition, moderated these transitions.Results: At the within-person level, there was support for the I-I-A pathway: suicidal ideation accounted for the association between interpersonal dysfunction and suicide attempts. Personality further moderated each component of the I-I-A pathway: negative affect was associated with a stronger coupling between interpersonal dysfunction and ideation; and disinhibition was associated with a stronger coupling between ideation and attempts. Conclusions and Relevance: The escalation from interpersonal difficulties to a suicidal crisis in BPD | 241337161 |
4,508,588 | involves two psychologically distinct process. An internalizing process links interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation and is facilitated by trait negative. An additional externalizing process links suicidal ideation to suicide attempts, and is facilitated by trait disinhibition. Assessment of these intra- and interindividual risk factors may inform clinical decisions about when, and for whom, crisis intervention is necessary. | 241337161 |
4,508,589 | Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) experiment is designed to detect and measure transient plasma features in the heliosphere, including coronal mass ejections, shock waves, and structures such as streamers which corotate with the Sun. SMEI will provide measurements of the propagation of solar plasma clouds and high-speed streams which can be used to forecast their arrival at Earth from one to three days in advance. The white light photometers on the HELIOS spacecraft demonstrated that visible sunlight scattered from the free electrons of solar ejecta can be sensed in interplanetary space with an electronic camera baffled to remove stray background light. SMEI promises a hundred-fold improvement over the HELIOS data, making possible quantitative studies of mass ejections. SMEI measurements will help predict the rate of energy transfer into the Earth's magnetospheric system. By combining SMEI data with solar, interplanetary and terrestrial data from other space and ground-based instruments, it will be possible to establish quantitative relationships between solar drivers and terrestrial effects. SMEI consists of three cameras, each imaging a 60 degree(s) X 3 degree(s) field of view for a total image size of 180 degree(s) X 3 degree(s). As the satellite orbits the earth, repeated images are used to build up a view of the entire heliosphere. | 121843961 |
4,508,590 | A Novel Cost-sensitive Capsule Network for Audit Fraud Detection In the face of increasing audit tasks, it is imperative to realize the transformation from manual audit based on domain expertise to intelligent audit based on algorithm, in order to improve the efficiency and quality of audit. However, the serious imbalance of data distribution and strong dependence on domain experts pose a huge challenge to the application of the algorithm in the field of audit. In response to the above challenges, this paper proposes a cost-sensitive capsule network (CSCN) to identify abnormal accounting vouchers. It can not only successfully extract features from multiple types of input data and improve the accuracy through capsule network, but also deal with extremely unbalanced data by introducing cost-sensitive loss function. The comparative experiment results show that the proposed CSCN algorithm accurately identifies all abnormal accounting vouchers, the G-mean index is increased by 5.3% and the average cost index is reduced by 64.6%, which fully verifies its effectiveness. | 247231111 |
4,508,591 | Results of the IRAM M 33 Large Program A very sensitive survey of the CO(2–1) emission of the entire disk of the Local Group galaxy M 33 is virtually complete. Hundreds of clouds down to a mass of 10000M are detected and we show that the cloud mass function (assuming a constant ratio between CO emission and H2 mass) steepens away from the center of M 33. Through comparison with dust emission and cloud Virial masses, we estimate a N (H2 )/ICO factor roughly twice Galactic. | 51883421 |
4,508,592 | Maternity care professionals' perceptions of supporting employed women in Norway. The World Health Organization calls on health professionals to support women in combining maternity and work. The aim of this study was to explore midwives' and public health nurses' perceptions of supporting employed women to balance work and family life during pregnancy and early motherhood. An exploratory design, including multistage focus group interviews, was used. The focus group consisted of five midwives and one public health nurse who was working in maternity care. The data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. The comprehensive theme, "empowering the women when they are in 'another' state of normality", was based on two themes, "being in dialogue with the women" and "supporting the women to manage daily activities". The first theme was based on the subthemes, "perceiving the women to be in 'another' state of normality" and "providing an open atmosphere for dialogue", while the second subtheme was based on "confirming self-esteem" and "suggesting adjustments at work". The midwives and public health nurse empowered the women by enhancing their ability to carry out the self-care that was necessary in order to manage both their work and family life. Collaboration between maternity healthcare providers and employers should be developed in order to support employed women. | 43341071 |
4,508,593 | Multiphase, Multicomponent Simulation for Flow and Transport during Polymer Flood under Various Wettability Conditions Accurate assessment of polymer flood requires the understanding of flow and transport of fluids involved in the process under different wettability of reservoirs. Because variations in relative permeability and capillary pressure induced from different wettability control the distribution and flow of fluids in the reservoirs, the performance of polymer flood depends on reservoir wettability. A multiphase, multicomponent reservoir simulator, which covers three-dimensional fluid flow and mass transport, is used to investigate the effects of wettability on the flow process during polymer flood. Results of polymer flood are compared with those of waterflood to evaluate how much polymer flood improves the oil recovery and water-oil ratio. When polymer flood is applied to water-wet and oil-wet reservoirs, the appearance of influence is delayed for oil-wet reservoirs compared with water-wet reservoirs due to unfavorable mobility ratio. In spite of the delay, significant improvement in oil recovery is obtained for oil-wet reservoirs. With respect to water production, polymer flood leads to substantial reduction for oil-wet reservoirs compared with water-wet reservoirs. Moreover, application of polymer flood for oil-wet reservoirs extends productive period which is longer than water-wet reservoir case. | 207556571 |
4,508,594 | Review Symposium : Behind Ghetto Walls: Black Families in a Federal Slum. Lee Rainwater (Chicago: Aldine, 1970, 446+ pages. $12.50) Shortly after Lee Rainwater published Behind Ghetto Walls, an account of family life in the Pruitt-Igoe housing project, the New York Times reported the astonishing decision to abandon and possibly tear down most of this now infamous, fifteen-year old St. Louis landmark (Herbers, 1970: 1, 36). By then two-thirds of its nearly three thousand apartments were vacant. It had become a national scandal. Many people involved professionally with city problems will read this book hoping to find out what went wrong in this monstrously troubled place. Over a decade, roughly the same decade during which Rainwater and his colleagues did their fieldwork and wrote their reports, Pruitt-Igoe has come to symbolize the failures of American slum clearance and low cost housing programs. Everyone in the trade has heard of the place. To a national audience of architects, urban planners, and housing professionals | 220915671 |
4,508,595 | Isolated nondisplaced capitate waist fracture diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Isolated capitate fractures are rare and may be underdiagnosed, especially when fracture displacement is minimal or absent. Our case report of a nondisplaced capitate waist fracture exemplifies the need for careful evaluation because initial plain radiographs were considered normal and appropriate treatment was delayed. This report also documents the use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing such fractures. | 45004171 |
4,508,596 | 1 Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (sads): Diagnostic Yield of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Paediatric First-degree Relatives Background Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) is most often caused by heritable cardiac diseases. Studies in adults have identified evidence of inherited cardiovascular diseases in up to 53% of families, but data on the prevalence of familial disease in children are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of clinical screening in paediatric first-degree relatives of victims of SADS or aborted cardiac arrest (ACA) using a systematic and comprehensive protocol. Methods All consecutive paediatric patients referred for family screening between 2003 and 2013 after a SCD or ACA of a family member were retrospectively enrolled into the study. Systematic evaluation of the children included clinical examination, family history, ECG, echocardiogram, 24-hour tape and signal averaged ECG. Older patients also underwent exercise testing, cardiac MRI and ajmaline provocation testing. Results A total of 110 children from 63 consecutive families were included in the study. An inherited cardiac disease was identified in 12 1st-degree children from 11 (17.5%) families (7 children were diagnosed with Brugada syndrome, 2 with long QT syndrome, 1 with CPVT, and 2 had late potentials on signal averaged ECGs). Conclusions These data show a high prevalence of inherited heart disease in paediatric first-degree relative in families with a history of SCD or ACA. The results highlight the importance of a systematic, comprehensive approach and ongoing screening of paediatric family members. | 71984921 |
4,508,597 | Accelerated Testing Procedures for Evaluating Separation Layer Performance in Open-Graded Base Courses An accelerated testing procedure was developed to evaluate pumping and deformation performance of separation layers used between open-graded bases and lime-treated and untreated subgrade soils. A pneumatically driven, electronically controlled repeated loading laboratory apparatus was developed. A low plasticity clay and a silty clay till soil were tested. A nonwoven geotextile and a dense-graded base aggregate were evaluated as separation layers. Tests were conducted at various loading levels and durations to develop the testing procedure. Comparisons of specimen pumping and deflection performance for stabilized, separated specimens were made relative to nonseparated and nonstabilized control specimens. Ultimately, loading at levels upwards of five times that expected in the field, for short durations (20,000 cycles or less), was performed to evaluate separation layer performance. Separation layer performance under accelerated loading correlated well to long-term field loading level performance. The testing method was sensitive to the use of geotextiles for separation between soils and open-graded aggregates, though some pumping of fines still occurred. The dense-graded separation level showed a marked drop-off in performance as moisture contents increased above optimum. A distinct breakpoint in subgrade soil performance occurred at a cone index of 200 (California bearing ratio 4). Soils with strengths less than cone index of 200 performed poorly, whereas soils above that strength pumped and deformed minimally regardless of separation layer type. Based upon performance comparisons with nonseparated test cases, the use of a separation layer between lime-stabilized subgrades and open-graded aggregate bases is recommended. | 109901371 |
4,508,598 | Virtual microscopy and virtual slides in teaching, diagnosis, and research The Coming Age of Virtual Microscopy: Current Technologies and Their Applications, Jiang Gu and Robert W. Ogilvie SECTION I Technological Advances Reinvention of Light Microscopy: Array Microscopy and Ultrarapidly Scanned Virtual Slides for Diagnostic Pathology and Medical Education, Ronald S. Weinstein, Michael R. Descour, Chen Liang, Lynne Richter, William C. Russum, James F. Goodall, Pixuan Zhou, Artur G. Olszak, and Peter H. Bartels A Fully Integrated Virtual Microscopy System for Analysis and Discovery, Dirk G. Soenksen The MicroBrightField Virtual Slice System, Jack R. Glaser and Kirsten Berggren Development of a Virtual Telemicroscope, Jiang Gu and Virginia M. Anderson The Trestle Digital Backbone(TM), Jack Zeineh MicroScreen, Edward Kujawski and MariBeth Gagnon SECTION II Applications in Teaching The Use of Microscopic Images in Medical Education, Robert A. Bloodgood Virtual Slides for Teaching Histology and Pathology, Fred R. Dee and Paul Heidger The Preparation and Use of Virtual Slides for Teaching Medical Histology at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Charles A. Blake, Holly A. LaVoie, Clarke F. Millete, and Christopher M. Prince WebMic, a Virtual Microscope for Learning Histology: Results of Implementation in a Medical Histology Course, Robert W. Ogilvie, Peter Groscurth, Hanspeter Rohr, Birgit Rohr, and Rolf Konig Next-Generation Teaching Systems Using Virtual Slides, Rebecca Crowley, Katsura Fujita, and Olga Medvedeva SECTION III Applications in Diagnosis Virtual Slide as a Tool for Education, Training and Diagnosis, FJW-M Leong Speed, Resolution, Focus, and Depth of Field in Clinical Whole Slide Imaging Applications, Yukako Yagi and John | 161731421 |
4,508,599 | Gilbertson Clinical Slide Digitization: Whole Slide Imaging in Clinical Practice Experience from the University of Pittsburgh, John Gilbertson, Ashokkumar A. Patel, and Yukako Yagi Virtual Microscopy and Automated Diagnosis, Klaus Kayser and Gian Kayser Virtual Slides: The AFIP Experience, Bruce H. Williams Telepathology in Europe, Gian Kayser and Klaus Kayser A Diagnostic Virtual Microscope System for Whole Slide Robotic Imaging: The Value of Virtual Slides for the Practice of Pathology, Michael J. Becich, Ashokkumar A. Patel, and Drazen Jukie SECTION IV Applications in Research Enhancing the Information Content of Digitally Archived Tissue Samples, Christopher M. Prince and Sterling J. Crabtree Development of a Whole Slide Image Archive, Jose J. Galvez, Robert J. Munn, Andrew S. Garbutt, Michael A. Hogarth, Betty I. Tarnowski, and Robert D. Cardiff Virtual Slides and Neuroanatomy: Atlases and Data Sharing, Lorin J. Freedman Index | 161731421 |
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