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4,508,300 | Do different presentations of performance information on government websites affect citizens’ decision making? A survey experiment Abstract Citizen-government interactions through performance information have recently gained attention in public administration. To enhance these interactions, governments utilize interactive information presentations to deliver information, in the hope of allowing citizens to make informed decisions. However, there is little empirical evidence on whether the implementation of interactive presentational formats helps citizens to make more accurate decisions. Drawing on information processing and cognitive fit theories, we argue that citizens make more accurate decisions using an interactive information presentation, which reduces the complexity of the task and boosts their cognition. Using a survey experiment, we test the effect of interactive presentation of information on the accuracy of citizens’ decisions. Our findings show that an interactive information presentation, as compared to a static one, increases the accuracy of their decisions. The results suggest that it is essential for governments not only to publish performance information, but also to consider the way in which information is presented, so they can make it more useful to citizens. | 235524711 |
4,508,301 | Accelerating K-Means clustering with parallel implementations and GPU computing K-Means clustering is a popular unsupervised machine learning method which has been used in diverse applications including image processing, information retrieval, social sciences and weather forecasting. However, clustering is computationally expensive especially when applied to large datasets. In this paper, we explore accelerating the performance of K-means clustering using three approaches: 1) shared memory using OpenMP, 2) distributed memory with message passing (MPI), and 3) heterogeneous computing with NVIDIA Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) programmed with CUDA-C. While others have looked at accelerating K-means clustering, this is the first study that compares these different approaches. In addition, K-means performance is very sensitive to the initial means chosen. We evaluate different initializations in parallel and choose the best one to use for the entire algorithm. We evaluate results on a range of images from small (300×300 pixels) to large (1164×1200 pixel). Our results show that all three parallel programming approaches give speed-up, with the best results obtained by OpenMP for smaller images and CUDA-C for larger ones. Each of these approaches gives approximately thirty times overall speed-up compared to a sequential implementation of K-means. In addition, our parallel initialization gives an additional 1.5 to 2.5 times speed-up over the accelerated parallel versions. | 8967361 |
4,508,302 | Measurement of thermally induced changes in the refractive index of glass caused by laser processing. The effects of CO2 laser heating of pure fused silica are investigated. Studies show that the laser heating process causes a small volume of glass to be left in an altered microstructural state. To measure the refractive index of this altered region, a process was developed to create a thin film of altered glass. Samples were measured with a prism coupler, and a theoretical model was developed to predict the intensity values collected during the measurement. A least-squares routine was used to determine the refractive index that results in the best fit between the experimental and predicted intensity data. The refractive index in the altered glass was found to increase by approximately 0.07%. | 1384611 |
4,508,303 | A Proposed Miniature Red/Infrared Oximeter Suitable for Mounting on a Catheter Tip A miniature red/infrared oximeter has, been developed that is suitable for mounting on a catheter tip and does not use fiber-optics. Two light-emitting diodes (LED's) and a phototransistor are mounted on the catheter tip such that conversion between optical and electrical signals takes place right at the tip. In vitro calibration shows that the infrared-to-red reflectance ratio is essentially linearly dependent on oxygen saturation (OS). The calibration constants depend on hematocrit and on blood flow. | 10701711 |
4,508,304 | Critical Approach to the Contribution Made by Education Research to the Social Construction of the Value of Teaching Work Current changes affecting education systems have impacted teaching work as a whole. The concept of teachers' and establishments' effectiveness was introduced to operationalise an approach that is dominated by the cost-benefit model. This article uses this premise to suggest an analysis of the social value of teaching work, and more specifically the contribution made by education research in developing this value. The article outlines the most significant trends in education research in conjunction with teaching work — that is, work on the effectiveness of teachers and establishments — and applies a critical approach (methodology, theory and axiology) to indicate its limits. The article concludes with a clarification approach to enable education research to fully fulfil its social, critical and heuristic functions and renew its contribution to the definition of the social value of teaching work. | 30967521 |
4,508,305 | RELOCATABLE DETECTOR CONCEPT FOR DILEMMA ZONE PROTECTION AT HIGH-SPEED INTERSECTIONS High-speed intersections can substantially impact the safety of the public and the efficiency of the intersection if not designed properly. Although advance detectors are used to respond to varying traffic demands, most detectors in use today consist of inductive loops permanently placed under the surface of the pavement and located according to the roadway design speed. Because the location and size of a dilemma zone vary depending on traffic and roadway conditions, permanent placement of detectors offers limited dilemma zone protection. This research looks into a relocatable detector concept as an alternative solution to providing dilemma zone | 38014221 |
4,508,306 | Rater Variation in Ultrasound Detection of Dorsal Cortex Screw Protrusion in Fixed-Angle Volar Plating of the Distal Radius. This study evaluates rater accuracy and variation for the purpose of using intraoperative ultrasound (US) imaging to detect dorsal screw protrusion during fixed-angle volar plating of distal radius fractures. Stabilizing volar plates and screws with varying lengths of dorsal protrusion were applied to 10 cadaver wrist pairs. After a brief training session, seven surgeons without prior ultrasound experience assessed screw protrusion on two separate occasions using a diagnostic ultrasound machine. Screw protrusions were visually confirmed after data collection was completed. Statistical analyses included percent agreement and Cohen's kappa for accuracy and intra- and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Only two out of seven raters met acceptable levels of accuracy and consistency. Our findings inform us that accuracy and consistency of ultrasound-guided detection of dorsal screw protrusion are negatively impacted by rater variation. Further investigations are needed to improve rater effectiveness. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 28(4):260-267, 2019). | 209512071 |
4,508,307 | Paradigm shifts in boundary and border studies: disclosing geopolitical assumptions ABSTRACT This article argues that four paradigm shifts have unfolded in boundary and border studies from the delimitation of the Durand line as the Indo-Afghan frontier. Three subsequent paradigm shifts relate to cooperative management of the Canada–US border after WW1, cultural hybridization across the Mexico-US border since the 1980s, and current networked assemblage of EU’s external border. The paradigm-shift framework connects conceptual advancements in boundary making and border studies with the geopolitical prominence of given borders. The article claims that scholars draw ideal types from the paradigmatic borders of their times, either by accepting or contesting the values anchored in them. | 245760251 |
4,508,308 | From a Philosophy of Self to a Philosophy of Nature: Goethe and the Development of Schelling's Naturphilosophie Abstract One of the most significant moments in the development of German idealism is Schelling's break from his mentor Fichte. On account of its significance, there have been numerous studies examining the origin and meaning of this transition in Schelling's thought. Not one study, however, considers Goethe's influence on Schelling's development. This is surprising given the fact that in the fall of 1799 Goethe and Schelling meet every day for a week, to go through and edit what came to be Schelling's most path-breaking work. This paper considers Goethe's influence on the development of Schelling's thought, and argues that it was by appropriating Goethe's idea of metamorphosis that Schelling was able to put forth a conception of nature as independent from the mind. | 170106601 |
4,508,309 | Liquid crystal main-chain polymers for high-performance fibre applications The chemistry and physics of high-performance fibre spinning based on main-chain liquid crystal polymer (MCLCP) solutions and melts is discussed, which is the largest industrial application of liquid crystal technology. The high modulus and strength of liquid crystal polymer-based high-performance fibres is due to the exceptionally high orientational order that can be achieved, reaching values of 0.95 and higher. Together with the chemistry that ensures strong intermolecular interactions, often based on hydrogen bonding, it is possible to make fibres with unusual mechanical and thermal properties. The modulus and strength of such fibres can reach values at about 50–75% of the theoretical limit. Within materials science high-performance fibres are especially interesting, as they are one of the few systems where the material properties can be successfully predicted based on molecular models for the orientational order together with rather simple assumptions on the effect of flow on the director alignment. The most studied MCLCP systems for high-performance fibre spinning PPTA/H2SO4, cellulose/phosphoric acid, PIPD(M5)/PPA and melt-spun VectranTM are discussed. | 95876351 |
4,508,310 | Influence of cooling lights’ low-frequency pointing instability on the quality of magneto-optical trapping In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the research areas of quantum sensing, which leads to more and more interest in field applications of high-precision sensors based upon cold atoms. Since magneto-optical trapping (MOT) serves as the mainstream technological platform to generate cold atoms, it is then natural to question its stability under harsh conditions of field operations, such as mechanical vibrations and acoustic noises, and this motivates our research work. In this article, we report our recent study of MOT quality when the cooling lasers are suffering instabilities from low-frequency acoustic vibrations, both theoretically and experimentally. We have implemented numerical simulations for a MOT capturing process under the presence of such instabilities, which reveals the kinematics of atoms for this scenario. Meanwhile, we have carried out experiments to test the outcome, especially by resorting to the time-of-light measurements, where acoustic vibrations are introduced to the cooling lights of MOT in a controlled manner. We demonstrate that a properly constructed MOT is robust against the low-frequency vibrations of cooling lights. Moreover, we also discuss potential applications of assessing MOT properties by the method of applying prescribed vibrations to cooling lights. | 213528151 |
4,508,311 | Potatoes – Production, Marketing and Programs for Developing Countries. By Douglas Horton. Boulder: Westview Press, London: IT Publications (1987), pp. 244, £12.95. The book brings together both the biological and engineering aspects of cereals in a very competent manner. Since the subject matter is tackled from a global point of view, it will find relevance in any part of the world, especially as this edition covers sorghum and millet in addition to rice and maize. It is an ideal textbook for any student in food science or technology as well as agriculture, agricultural engineering, nutrition and biology. It contains a very useful list of references at the end of every chapter, and bristles with facts, figures and statistics. The largest section of the book deals with wheat in terms of production, processing, food products, nutrition and food technology. Many of the techniques for both food and drink products are referred to including extrusion, fermentation and bread making, although little detail is given of on-farm storage and handling technology. Other cereals are covered in much less depth which makes the book more appropriate to the reader from temperate climates, but nevertheless to find a book which covers such a wide range of crops in this detail is most unusual. It is a very useful reference book and, although not unique in its field, is certainly one of the best. B. Clarke | 85968551 |
4,508,312 | PEPFAR's support for orphans and vulnerable children: some beneficial effects, but too little data, and programs spread thin. Sixteen million children in developing and middle-income countries have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS, and at least another million children per year are rendered vulnerable by parental HIV/AIDS-related illness. Since 2003 the US government has provided approximately $1.6 billion to give four million of these children care and support through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). We conducted five studies to evaluate the effectiveness of PEPFAR's interventions for such children in East Africa and southern Africa. We found evidence of beneficial changes in school enrollment rates and on the psychosocial well-being of children. However, we could not demonstrate empirically the impact of most of the PEPFAR initiatives that we examined, primarily because of a lack of baseline data and clear outcome and impact indicators. We also found that many programs were spread so thin across a vulnerable population that little in the way of services actually reached beneficiaries, which raises questions about whether PEPFAR funds are sufficient, or if the program is attempting to do much with too few resources. We offer several recommendations, including better measuring the effect of programs for orphans and vulnerable children by collecting baseline data and conducting well-designed, rigorous outcome and impact evaluations. | 24356151 |
4,508,313 | Reconstruction after temporal bone resection Until the description by Lewis (1975) of the technique of temporal bone resection carcinoma of the external auditory canal and middle ear were treated either by combined radiotherapy and radical mastoidectomy or by radiation alone. Although temporal bone resection is a formidable procedure it is safe in experienced hands. In combination with post-operative radiotherapy the outlook in terms of a 5-year survival has improved from a mere 6 per cent before to around 30 per cent at present. In order to derive the maximum benefit from this line of treatment, however, the patient should begin post-operative radiotherapy as soon as possible after surgery. The techniques employed during surgery and the methods employed in the closure of the wound play a significant role in this respect. The purpose of this article is to review the various reconstructive procedures described and to present alternative approaches from personal experience. | 8725801 |
4,508,314 | Reverse Arrangement of rRNA Subunits in the Microsporidium Glugoides intestinalis ABSTRACT. The rRNA gene cluster of microsporidia is typically arranged in the order small subunit‐internal transcribed spacer‐large subunit, which conforms with the general arrangement of these genes in nearly all organisms. We found a rearrangement of the cluster in the microsporidium Glugoides intestinalis, where the large subunit precedes the small subunit. Such a rearrangement has already been reported for several species in the microsporidian genus Nosema, and we provide evidence that the arrangement reported here is a second, independent event. | 41118451 |
4,508,315 | Separatist Threat, Militarization and Voter Turnout: Exploring the Dynamics of the 2017 Governorship Election in Anambra State, Nigeria Using the qual-dominant mixed methods approach, this study analysed the impact of the separatist threat and the militarization of elections on voter turnout during the 2017 governorship election in Anambra State, Nigeria. Findings indicate that perceived and real marginalization of the Igbo in Nigeria’s state-building is largely driving the neo-Biafra separatist threat to boycott elections in Anambra State. This does not only account for the state militarization of elections in order to guarantee security; it also inadvertently engendered fear among citizens, undermined voter turnout and exacerbated political exclusion. This study concludes that inclusive political development presents an opportunity for de-escalation of separatist threats, demilitarization of elections and enhancement of voter turnout in Nigeria. | 216181201 |
4,508,316 | E-HEALTH APPLICATIONS in TURKEY Today's states are living the stage of information society after agriculture and industrial society level. The concepts such as speed, quality, efficiency and productivity have gained importance in the information society. The most important competitive tool in the information society is the acquisition of information and sharing among the institutions. The most important contribution of the information society to public administration reforms is the e-government, which provides advantages in terms of time and labour costs. E-government practices strengthen communication between citizens and administrative institutions. E-government is accelerating mutual communication between public institutions and increases communication possibilities. It makes public administrators accountable directly to the public. It prevents administrative corruption. It increases citizen participation in administrative processes and political practices in a democratic manner. The ehealth, which refers to the e-government's practices in the health sector, ensures that the services provided to all stakeholders are delivered quickly and easily in the field of health. Turkey is still in its first phase in e-health applications. Since the announcement of the health transformation program in 2003, many e-health projects have been developed and put into practice. This study aims to explain the concepts of information society and e-government, to examine and evaluate the e-health applications in Turkey. From a methodological point of view, the study discusses the e-health projects in Turkey in a methodological way starting from the literature on e-government theory. It demonstrates the contribution of e-health projects in Turkey’s e-transformation process. | 249367401 |
4,508,317 | A new solution for maintenance scheduling using maintenance market simulation based on game theory This paper proposes a new solution for maintenance scheduling in deregulated power market by applying an independent market for maintenance scheduling based on game theory. Maintenance scheduling is one of the main issues in restructured power electricity markets, because each generation company desires to maximize its own payoffs and ISO has its own reliability and security concerns that mostly, these two points of view conflict with each other. The paper presents a dynamic maintenance market (MM) simulation based on dynamic game theory for resolving maintenance scheduling problem in deregulated market. In this market, GENCOs set their strategies in participating in wholesale power electricity market or maintenance market by considering load uncertainty, price forecasting and strategy of other GENCOs. On the other hand, ISO manages the maintenance market relying on reliability concerns and offering incentives or disincentives for GENCOs. This paper presents the ISO behaviors by using Monte Carlo Method for reliability indices computation based on load uncertainty and interactions with GENCOs. Numerical results are determined by applying Roy Billinton test system (RBTS) & IEEE reliability test system for testing accuracy and applicability of the new presented solution. | 25711551 |
4,508,318 | Problems with different time scales In this section we discuss a very simple problem. Consider the scalar initial value problem Here ε > 0 is a small constant and a = a1 + ia2, a1, a2 real, is a complex number with |a| = 1. We can write down the solution of (1.1) explicity. It is where is the forced solution and is a solution of the homogeneous equation yS varies on the time scale ‘1’ while yF varies on the much faster scale 1/ε. We say that yS, yF vary on the slow and fast scale, respectively. We use also the phrase: yS and yF are the slow and the fast part of the solution, respectively. | 123520601 |
4,508,319 | [What is mental health?]. Our mental health affects our everyday life. Think for a moment about how difficult it can be to focus on work if you’re worried about your family. Your mental health is affecting (however minimally) your work. Mental health involves the overall way that people get along—with their families, at school, on the job, at play, with their peers, and in their communities. It involves the way that each person balances his or her needs, ambition, abilities, ideals, feelings and conscience in order to meet the demands of every day life. | 34564301 |
4,508,320 | Design and Characteristics of a New Pre-Evaporation Chamber Geometry for Low-Grade Palm Oil Fuel Evaporation for Micro Gas Turbine Application Recent increase in fuel prices, greenhouse emissions, global warming issue, as well as future predictions regarding fossil fuel depletion concerns have prompted widespread research on carbon-neutral renewable liquid biofuels as an alternative of petroleum fuels. In the present study, a numerical approach was used to design and optimize a novel design of pre-evaporation chamber, to pre-evaporate crude palm oil fuel using exhaust gas recycling to allow partially premixed fuel vapors to be introduced to the main combustion chamber. Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and species non-premixed model used in ANSYS-FLUENT software to simulate fuel evaporation. The pre-chamber optimization included the addition of variable number of revolve geometry to the walls to induce turbulence and to enhance the cyclonic motion caused by the tangential hot exhaust gas inlets with different fuel injection configurations. The number of revolves was varied in the range of 5-8 and diameter range of 40-90 mm with three injector configurations. The results revealed that the optimum chamber geometry consist of 7 revolves with 70 mm diameter with fuel evaporation rate about 0.0023kg/s and fuel evaporation percentage about 89%. Increasing the exhaust gas temperature from 950 °C up to 1050°C did not show a significant fuel evaporation enhancement. Results also showed that the evaporation enhancement is proportional to the number of fuel injectors where evaporation increased gradually from 73% to 89% when increasing number of injectors from 1 to 3. | 249295951 |
4,508,321 | EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CURRENT PROTOCOL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH RH-SENSEBILIZATION In recent years, medical science and practice in our country has achieved significant success in the management of pregnant women with immunological problems. One of the signs of progress was the development and implementation of programs for the revention of Rh-sensitization that develops during pregnancy, which significantly reduced perinatal and infant morbidity and mortality from this pathology. But despite all this, the problem of a steady decline in these indicators in the Russian Federation has not yet lost its relevance | 251370551 |
4,508,322 | Convection in the presence of a first-order phase change. We report experimental and theoretical results for two-phase convection in a thin horizontal layer of a fluid with a first-order phase change and heated from below. A top layer of the nematic phase of a liquid crystal is located above the bottom layer of the isotropic phase of the same substance. A horizontal field of 1000 G is applied in order to align the director of the nematic phase. Over some ranges of the thickness of the isotropic phase, and in sufficiently large thermal gradients, the more dense nematic phase can be stably stratified above the less dense isotropic one, with a stable interface between them. Based on the equations of motion derived for this problem by Busse and Schubert [J. Fluid Mech. 46, 801 (1971)], we evaluate the bifurcation lines between the quiescent and convecting states and the corresponding critical wave vectors as a function of the interface position. We report experimental measurements based on Nusselt-number determinations for the locations of the bifurcation lines. They are in good agreement with the theoretical results. We also report approximate determinations of the critical wave numbers which are semiquantitatively consistent with the theory. A great diversity of patterns is observed in the convecting states, including normal and parallel rolls, rolls with defects and disorder, target patterns and spirals, and cellular flow with upflow or downflow at the cell center. These patterns are discussed in terms of the breaking of the mirror symmetry at the horizontal midplane by the interface, | 21454001 |
4,508,323 | and in terms of the orienting effects of the magnetic field. | 21454001 |
4,508,324 | Another attempt to quantify the benefits of reducing inflation This article estimates the benefits of reducing U.S. inflation below its current level when the government simultaneously raises another distortionary tax. Other researchers have suggested that reducing inflation would have fairly large benefits—from 1 to 3 percent of gross domestic product. But that result depends on the unrealistic assumption that the government would replace inflation with a lump-sum tax, one which does not affect people's incentives. If, instead, inflation is replaced with an increase in the labor income tax, then the welfare gains that can be expected from reducing inflation below its current level are much smaller—from one-third to one-half of 1 percent of gross domestic product. | 15300501 |
4,508,325 | Self-Governance, Polycentricity, and Environmental Policy This chapter explores Elinor and Vincent Ostroms’ normative and analytical arguments regarding self-governance and how self-governing systems can resolve environmental problems without the need for top-down, centralized policies. On the normative side, the Ostroms argued that citizens should be free to develop their own rules and strategies for solving environmental problems. The Ostroms’ conception of self-governance pushes back against the practice of far-removed politicians and bureaucrats manipulating the actions of citizens like pieces on a chessboard. On the analytical side, self-governance can solve environmental problems because people who are nearest to an environmental problem often have more knowledge and better incentives to solve it. Much of the Ostroms’ research found that polycentric systems, which have multiple, overlapping decision-making centers, allow societies to both achieve self-governance and effectively solve environmental problems. A polycentric approach allows lower levels of government and private associations to find solutions that are better tailored to local conditions, take advantage of local knowledge, and have more direct involvement with local populations. This chapter examines a case study of sage-grouse conservation in the American West that shows how polycentric and community-oriented institutions can solve environmental problems and uphold self-governance. | 213309301 |
4,508,326 | Review of Sabina Leonelli’s Data-Centric Biology: A Philosophical Study Introduction. The word “data” is everywhere in current discussions of science. How we store and share things people label “data” has become a central concern for the Open Science movement, for example, and the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health have invested billions of dollars to create publicly accessible databases as a major new source of intellectual capital in science and industry. What is new here? Has there been a shift in what “data” means that is key to understanding the future of science? Sabina Leonelli’s new book,Data-Centric Biology: A Philosophical Study, argues for an important and fruitful answer outside the comfort zone of many philosophers. Along the way, she also delivers valuable insights into expanding efforts to standardize, automate, and communicate how scientists handle, share, reproduce, interpret, and store data. From the start, Leonelli rejects the idea that we can understand the significance of data for science in terms of intrinsic properties data possess as material traces of past processes. Similarly, the changes we are seeing in science are not driven simply by revolutionary technologies or methods. “The real source of innovation in current biology is the attention paid to data handling and dissemination practices and the ways in which such practices mirror economic and political modes of interaction and decision making” (1). In other words, data have moved to the center of intense social, economic, and political negotiations | 90662901 |
4,508,327 | Gene organization in herpesvirus of turkeys: identification of a novel open reading frame in the long unique region and a truncated homologue of pp38 in the internal repeat. The DNA sequence of a 4.792-kb fragment comprising 3.176 kb of the long unique region (UL) and 1.605 kb of the internal repeat (IRL) flanking UL of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) was determined. Three potential open reading frames (ORFs) and an origin of replication have been identified. ORF 1, which maps entirely within UL, has the capacity to code for an 82K protein, 731 amino acids long, which has a counterpart in Marek's disease virus (MDV) but not in other herpesviruses. ORF 2 has the potential to encode a protein consisting of 129 amino acids with a predicted M(r) of 13.5K which appears to be unique to HVT. ORF 3 is encoded entirely within IRL and codes for an 84 amino acids long protein with a predicted M(r) of 8.5K. ORF 3 shows significant homology with the C-terminal region of the MDV-1-specific phosphoprotein pp38 and its recently identified homologue in MDV-2. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from HVT-infected chick embryo fibroblasts identified a 5.6-kb RNA transcribed in a leftward direction toward UL scanning ORF 1, ORF 2, and ORF 3 and a 2.8-kb also transcribed leftward toward UL which spanned only ORFs 2 and 3. In addition, a 2.3- to 2.8-kb RNA family was transcribed rightwards through the origin of replication. In vitro transcription and translation of ORF 1 and ORF 3 resulted in the synthesis of | 23682151 |
4,508,328 | polypeptides consistent with their expected M(r), but ORF 2 failed to produce any translation product. | 23682151 |
4,508,329 | Possible site of zinc control of hepatoma cell division in Wistar rats. The effect of zinc on the growth of a transplantable DAB hepatoma in young male Wistar rats was determined. Both a zinc deficiency (less than 0.5 microgram/g feed) as well as high levels of dietary zinc (500 micrograms/g feed) significantly reduced tumor growth. Both high- and low-zinc diets resulted in reduced activity of the salvage pathway of thymidine synthesis as well as reduced 32PO4 incorporation into DNA and diminished DNA polymerase activity. Blockage of the de novo pathway of DNA synthesis by the folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) resulted in greatly increased flux through the thymidine salvage pathway and increased DNA polymerase activity but decreased 32PO4 incorporation in the transplantable hepatomas in Wistar rats fed normal zinc diets (50 micrograms/g feed). MTX had the effect of reducing all these activities in the groups fed low- and high-zinc diets. These data suggested a site of action of zinc associated with the salvage pathway of thymidine synthesis. | 25372301 |
4,508,330 | A monoclonal antibody to human brain-type creatine kinase. Increased avidity with mercaptans. 1. A monoclonal antibody (subclass immunoglobulin G1) has been raised against human brain-type creatine kinase (CK-BB). This antibody did not cross-react with either muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) or heart-type creatine kinase (CK-MB). 2. The binding constant measured with native antibody was 6 X 10(8) M-1. In the presence of 2mM-dithiothreitol this constant was some 40-50-fold greater. 3. Partial reduction and alkylation showed that the increased binding was due to a direct effect on the antibody and was associated with concomitant cleavage of the heavy-heavy interchain disulphide bonds. The binding constant measured with Fab' fragments produced from reduced and alkylated antibody was similar to that shown by the native, unreduced antibody. 4. The molecular weight of the complex found in the absence of mercaptans was consistent with one antibody and one CK-BB molecule, whereas the molecular weight estimated with reduced and alkylated antibody was consistent with a complex of two antibodies and two CK-BB molecules. 5. It is proposed that mercaptans increase the flexibility of the hinge region of the antibody molecule, allowing the formation of a higher-order complex with increased avidity for the CK-BB dimer. | 8314951 |
4,508,331 | Effectiveness of using discrete utterance speech recognition software This descriptive study explored text generation speeds, recognition accuracy, and participants' perceptions of the advantages/disadvantages of using discrete utterance speech recognition software. Six participants (ages 19 to 35) with physical disabilities and intelligible speech were interviewed about their experiences using their speech recognition software. Using this software on their home computers, the participants completed five dictation tasks. Average individual dictation speeds ranged from 9 to 15 words per minute and average recognition accuracy ranged from 62 to 84%. The use of formatting and correction commands resulted in an average of two utterances being required to generate each dictation word. Participants found that recognition accuracy was not acceptable and that their speech recognition software was appropriate for use with word processors but had limited use with other applications. This study found that discrete utterance speech recognition can be effective for people who cannot use a keyboard to write. However, the slow speeds of text generation achieved by the participants suggest that people who can use a keyboard to some extent (e.g., slow typists) may not be able to increase their speed by using discrete utterance speech recognition software. The advantages and disadvantages of discrete products that are also relevant to continuous products are discussed. | 62694801 |
4,508,332 | Complexity, Accent, and Conviviality: Concluding Comments Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. | 15391901 |
4,508,333 | Life Cycle Assessment of alkali activated materials: preliminary investigation for pavement applications The capital investment in the US for construction and maintenance of the infrastructure road network is $150 billion/year. Investments in OECD countries will likely stabilize, while other countries will face an exponential growth of investments for infrastructures driven by the development of metropolitan cities. Continued “business-as-usual” practice for portland and asphalt cement concrete pavement construction ignores the increasing warning calls for the identification of more sustainable and less energy intensive paving materials. Alkali activated materials concrete (AAM) have been studied with growing interest during the last three decades. AAM show promising results in terms of mechanical performance, while also having a global warming potential impact 30-80% less than that of portland cement concrete. The global warming potential of AAM is closely dependent on the: 1) activating solution used to activate the raw material and 2) origin of the raw material. Specifically, the impact of the transport for both of these components is ~ 10% of its global warming potential. Hence, to increase the adoption of AAM for pavements, it is fundamental to analyze the existing literature to clarify the link between environmental impact and mechanical performance, identifying opportunities for applications that are tailored to the local availability of raw material. | 245066701 |
4,508,334 | Gastroparesis: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Impairment of gastrointestinal motility is common among patients with chronic dyspepsia. Gastroparesis can lead to devastating clinical consequences including malnutrition, weight loss, metabolic acidosis and psychological dysfunction. In this article, the current concepts of gastric motor function are reviewed and the diagnostic and treatment modalities of gastroparesis are discussed in detail. | 3313201 |
4,508,335 | Lists as Social Grid: Ratings and Rankings in Everyday Life It is argued that the inundation of lists in our everyday lives has become part of the social grid, which tells us who and what we are and how we relate to the world. Using Baudrillard's three mutations of the sign, this paper examines the relationship between lists (rankings and ratings) and social life. This updated grid, which is increasingly defined by market capitalism, makes for not only a greater commodified self but a simulated self based on the external statistical world. | 145553551 |
4,508,336 | A Novel Super-resolution Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Subspace Projection Increasing image resolution is a challenging and fundamental image-fusion operation, super-resolution a technique to increase image resolution. However, most of method can not reconstruct image from un-regular sampled data. In this paper, we propose a novel super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on polynomial bases. This algorithm can be combined with intensity information and structural details in the image. The density of sampled data and local structure decide the certainty function and structural-adaptive applicability function of neighbourhood. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve denoising effect in the super-resolution reconstruction image, and achieve a state-of-the-art high-resolution visual effect in the edges and detailed features of image. | 6132551 |
4,508,337 | Triangular excision and submucosal rejoining to correct horizontally folded caudal nasal septum Surgical correction of severe caudal deviation of nasal septum using an endonasal approach is challenging for surgeons. Among cases of severe caudal septal deflection, fracture lines along the horizontal direction are occasionally encountered during the surgery. We devised a simple and efficient technique called “triangular excision and submucosal rejoining” to address this kind of deformity. | 201617201 |
4,508,338 | Bounding a Random Environment for Two-dimensional Edge-reinforced Random Walk We consider edge-reinforced random walk on the innite two-dimensional lattice. The process has the same distribution as a random walk in a certain strongly dependent random environment, which can be described by random weights on the edges. In this paper, we show some decay properties of these random weights. Using these estimates, we derive bounds for some hitting probabilities of the edge-reinforced random walk. 12 | 15759451 |
4,508,339 | Use of automated solid-phase extraction equipment for the determination of isoniazid in milk The possibility of using automated equipment for solid phase extraction of isoniazid from milk has been investigated. This equipment provides two noteworthy advantages: it shortens the time of analysis and avoids SPE column plugging, stabilizing flow rates. After setting the correct programme on software controlling the equipment, some validation parameters have been determined to obtain recovery and repeatability data. The mean recovery for spiked samples resulted in the range 75–95%, the standard error ranged from -5 to -20% while the RSD varied from 2 to 22%. Therefore the method can be considered reliable and fast. | 6472751 |
4,508,340 | Expression and localization of human oxytocin receptor mRNA and its protein in chorion and decidua during parturition. Oxytocin (OT) is widely used to induce labor in the clinical setting. However, its physiological role in normal human parturition remains unclear. We demonstrated the enhanced expression of OT receptor (OTR) mRNA in chorio-decidual tissue, using the polymerase chain reaction after the reverse transcriptase reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis. OTR gene expression in chorio-decidual tissue increased fivefold during the course of parturition. In situ hybridization of fetal membrane revealed the expression of OTR mRNA in maternally derived decidual cells. The OTR mRNA was also detected in fetally derived chorionic trophoblast cells. Immunohistochemistry, using a newly developed anti-OTR monoclonal antibody, demonstrated the distribution of OTR protein in fetal membrane. The distribution pattern of OTR protein and OTR mRNA was identical, indicating that the regulation of OTR expression occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. These results support the idea that the expression of decidual OTR regulates the initiation and amplification of labor. The implications of these findings with regard to the pathogenesis of preterm labor are also discussed. | 11592301 |
4,508,341 | The effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing treatment‐related symptoms and improving emotional adjustment in acute non‐surgical cancer treatment: a meta‐analytical review Cancer patients often have to deal with severe side effects and psychological distress during cancer treatment, which have a substantial impact on their quality of life. Among psychosocial interventions for reducing treatment‐related side effects, relaxation and imagery were most investigated in controlled trials. In this study, meta‐analytic methods were used to synthesize published, randomized intervention–control studies aiming to improve patients' treatment‐related symptoms and emotional adjustment by relaxation training. Mean weighted effect sizes were calculated for 12 categories, treatment‐related symptoms (nausea, pain, blood pressure, pulse rate) and emotional adjustment (anxiety, depression, hostility, tension, fatigue, confusion, vigor, overall mood). Significant positive effects were found for the treatment‐related symptoms. Relaxation training also proved to have a significant effect on the emotional adjustment variables depression, anxiety and hostility. Additionally, two studies point to a significant effect of relaxation on the reduction of tension and amelioration of the overall mood. Intervention features of the relaxation training, the time the professional spent with the patient overall (intervention intensity) and the schedule of the intervention (offered in conjunction with or independent of medical treatment to the cancer patient) were relevant to the effect of relaxation on anxiety. The interventions offered independently of medical treatment proved to be significantly more effective for the outcome variable anxiety. Relaxation seems to be equally effective for patients undergoing different medical procedures (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, hyperthermia). According to these results relaxation training should be implemented | 1892701 |
4,508,342 | into clinical routine for cancer patients in acute medical treatment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | 1892701 |
4,508,343 | Isolation, Characterization and Antianxiety Activity of Pentacosan-13-ol from Ferula sumbul Hook. Roots Abstract Ferula sumbul Hook. (Apiaceae) has been traditionally used as a sedative in hysteria and other nervous disorders. Present study aims to isolate the antianxiety constituent(s) from F. sumbul roots using bioactivity guided fractionation approach. Dried coarsely powdered of F. sumbul roots were subjected to successive exhaustive Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol. Finally, decoction of the marc was prepared using distilled water. The extracts were screened for antianxiety activity in mice using elevated plus maze model at three different dose levels. Chloroform extract, exhibiting significant antianxiety activity, was subjected to column chromatography to obtain 4 fractions (F1-F4) which were further evaluated for antianxiety activity. Column chromatography of F4 yielded 5 sub-fractions (F4.1-F4.5) and a white amorphous compound. All these were evaluated for antianxiety activity. Characterization studies elucidated the structure to be pentacosan-13-ol. The compound exhibited significant antianxiety activity at the dose of 20 mg/kg, po. Present study validates the traditional use of F. sumbul roots in nervous disorders. Pentacosan-13-ol is the antianxiety constituent of F. sumbul roots. This is the first report on antianxiety activity of F. sumbul roots. | 89753351 |
4,508,344 | Difficult Ventilation in an Infant After Successful Intubation. Manufacturing defects in the connector of the endotracheal tube are not frequently encountered in emergency and planned intubations. In cases where they are encountered, however, they may cause partial or complete airway obstruction in sick infants with limited reserves, giving rise to a life-threatening situation following the intubation. For this reason, endotracheal tubes must be checked carefully before use. To this end, a stylet can be passed through the tube to check for a defect in the tube lumen or tube connector as part of a routine check of an endotracheal tube. This report features a patient who experienced a complete airway obstruction following intubation due to a manufacturing defect in the connector of the endotracheal tube. | 251646351 |
4,508,345 | NUMERICAL AND SPATIAL RESPONSES OF GEOFFROY'S CAT (ONCIFELIS GEOFFROYI) TO PREY DECLINE IN ARGENTINA Abstract We examined the numerical and spatial responses of Geoffroy's cats (Oncifelis geoffroyi) to a prey decline in central Argentina between April 2002 and November 2003. The 2nd year of the study coincided with a severe drought. Relative abundance of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) declined from 5.6 individuals/10 km during the predrought period to about 0.6 individuals/10 km during the drought. Small-rodent biomass also showed the lowest level for the study area during the drought of 2002–2003 (134.5 g/ha). During the predrought and drought periods, 3 male and 1 female, and 1 male and 9 female Geoffroy's cats, respectively, were radiotagged and monitored. Home ranges for males of the predrought period averaged 202.8 ha ± 156.8 SD and that of the single female was 27.3 ha. During the drought period, 4 females occupied an average home range of 254.9 ± 254.1 ha, and the home-range size of the single predrought female increased by a factor of 2. No obvious change in mean daily distance traveled between the 2 periods was observed. Geoffroy's cats predominantly used habitats of dense cover during the predrought period, but they became more habitat generalists during the drought. Recruitment of juveniles was only recorded during the predrought period, and all monitored Geoffroy's cats dispersed or died of starvation after the prey decline. Consequently, density of Geoffroy's cats dropped from 2.9 individuals/10 km2 before the drought to 0.3 individuals/10 km2, probably because of food scarcity. This is the 1st | 85310901 |
4,508,346 | study to examine the spatial ecology of a small wild cat species under nutritional (energetic) stress in South America. | 85310901 |
4,508,347 | Anomalous refraction in an all-dielectric gradient metasurface We present an all-dielectric resonant metasurface with full 2π phase control at microwave frequency. Through numerical simulation, we show that by overlapping its magnetic and electric resonances, the dielectric resonator can achieve a full 2π phase modification. A metasurface working at 6.4 GHz is further designed, consisting of eight different sizes of discrete blocks to cover a gradient refraction phase from 0 to 2π. Numerical simulation clearly shows the anomalous refraction, with refraction angle in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. | 50786451 |
4,508,348 | Interaction of baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in normal humans. Animal studies have demonstrated that activation of the baroreflex by increases in arterial pressure inhibits cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to activation of peripheral chemoreceptors (PC) with hypoxia. In this study, we examined the influences of baroreflex activation on the sympathetic response to stimulation of PC and central chemoreceptors in humans. PC were stimulated by hypoxia (10% O2/90% N2) (n = 6) and central chemoreceptors by hypercapnia (7% CO2/93% O2) (n = 6). Responses to a cold pressor stimulus were also obtained as an internal reflex control to determine the selectivity of the interactive influence of baroreflex activation. Baroreflex activation was achieved by raising mean blood pressure by greater than 10 mmHg with intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (PE). Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to muscle was recorded from a peroneal nerve (microneurography). During hypoxia alone, SNA increased from 255 +/- 92 to 354 +/- 107 U/min (P less than 0.05). During PE alone, mean blood pressure increased and SNA decreased to 87 +/- 45 U/min (P less than 0.05). With hypoxia during baroreflex activation with PE, SNA did not increase (50 +/- 23 U/min). During hypercapnia alone, SNA increased from 116 +/- 39 to 234 +/- 72 U/min (P less than 0.01). Hypercapnia during baroreflex activation with PE increased SNA from 32 +/- 25 U/min during PE alone to 61 +/- 26 U/min during hypercapnia and PE (P less than 0.05). Like hypercapnia (but unlike hypoxia) the cold pressor test also increased SNA during | 15882151 |
4,508,349 | PE. We conclude that baroreflex activation selectively abolishes the SNA response to hypoxia but not to hypercapnia or the cold pressor test. The inhibitory interaction of the baroreflex and the peripheral chemoreflex may be explained by convergence of baroreceptor and peripheral chemoreceptor afferents on neurons in the medulla. | 15882151 |
4,508,350 | The patterns and clinical relevance of contact allergen sensitization in a pediatric population with atopic dermatitis. BACKGROUND/AIM Data about contact allergen sensitization (CAS) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and patterns of CAS in children with AD by using a ready-to-use patch test system. MATERIALS AND METHODS After receiving the history of CAS in the patients, the severity of AD and IgE-mediated allergen sensitization were determined. RESULTS Of 134 children with AD, 33.8% (n = 45) had at least 1 positive reaction. The most frequent positive reaction was to nickel sulfate (NS) (37.8%, 17/45), followed by methylchloroisothiazolinone (20.0%, 9/45) and thimerosal (15.6%, 7/45). The total Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score was significantly higher in the NS-sensitized group (P = 0.036). The patients with NS sensitization had moderate-severe AD more frequently than those without any reaction (P = 0.020). When the SCORAD score was evaluated in detail, extent of eczema, score of sleep loss, and pruritus were significantly higher in the patients with NS sensitization than those without any reaction (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study confirms the necessity of CAS in the management of AD. In particular, NS sensitization should be considered for children with severe AD or larger extent of eczema and trunk involvement. | 31971951 |
4,508,351 | Control of protein synthesis by a temperature-sensitive mutant of reovirus 3. I. Temperature-sensitive function of ts261-b mutant The ability of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of reovirus, ts261-b, to synthesize virus-specific RNAs and proteins during infection at the nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees C) was investigated. The relative amounts of the mutant virus-specific single-stranded (ss) RNA's and double-stranded (ds) RNA's synthesized in cells at 37 degrees C were 20 to 25% as much as those synthesized in the wild-type virus-infected cells. The 10 segments of the mutant ds RNAs and the three size classes of the ss RNAs were synthesized in the usual proportions. The methylation of the mutant viral mRNA's (ss RNAs) was not blocked at 37 degrees C in infected cells. A striking temperature-sensitive restricted function of the ts261-b mutant was expressed in the synthesis of the viral proteins. This study, which uses an in vitro protein-synthesizing system reconstituted with an endogenous polysomal fraction and a postribosomal supernatant from reovirus-infected cells, has demonstrated that the endogenous polysomes obtained from ts261-b mutant-infected cells at 37 degrees C are not active in the synthesis of the viral polypeptides of known molecular weights, and the amounts of the mutant viral polypeptides synthesized in vitro by these polysomes are 5 to 9% of those synthesized by the corresponding fraction from wild-type-infected cells. The impaired protein-synthesizing capacity of the mutant virus-specific polysomes can be restored during maintenance of the infected cells at 30 degrees C after shift-down from 37 degrees C. The in vitro synthesis of viral polypeptides of known size | 20568501 |
4,508,352 | by the active endogenous polysomes derived from cells infected at the permissive temperature is accelerated by the addition of the postribosomal supernatant obtained from cells infected at the permissive temperature. The postribosomal supernatant from mutant-infected cells at 37 degrees C did not have a stimulatory effect, but rather, it inhibited in vitro viral protein synthesis. | 20568501 |
4,508,353 | Speech perception in noise using directional microphones in open-canal hearing aids. BACKGROUND Individuals with impaired hearing find it difficult to understand speech in the presence of background noise--a problem addressed effectively by directional microphones. As open-canal fittings have become increasingly popular in the recent past, so has the debate about the effective directional benefit available from these devices. PURPOSE This study investigates the benefit of directional microphones in two commercially available open-canal behind-the-ear hearing aids using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). STUDY SAMPLE Sixteen individuals, between 50 and 85 year of age, with high-frequency bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and no previous hearing aid experience participated in this study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data Collection and Analysis: Individuals were asked to repeat sentences (presented at 0 degrees azimuth) in the presence of a diffuse-field uncorrelated broadband speech-shaped noise. HINT performance was compared across hearing instruments and conditions using a linear model with repeated measures. RESULTS There was a directional advantage of 2.6 dB as compared to the unaided condition. Average performance was worse in the omnidirectional mode as compared to the unaided condition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that directional signal processing should not be precluded in open-canal instruments for listening in noisy environments. | 6495601 |
4,508,354 | Observer-based real-time frequency analysis for combustion engine-based power trains with applications to identification and control The typical motion of a combustion engine, such as the four-stroke Otto engine, is characterized by a periodic variation of its torque over the rotation angle of the driven shaft. This torque variation leads to the effect of time-varying accelerations and angular velocities. Modeling approaches for combustion engines that can be used for the implementation of control strategies for corresponding engine test rigs can follow two different approaches. Firstly, it is possible to describe the torque variations on the basis of the thermodynamic processes in the interior of the cylinder. Secondly, black box models can be derived on the basis of a frequency analysis of the measured torque and/ or the measured angular velocities and accelerations. Especially, black box models belonging to the second class are sufficient if a synchronization of a combustion engine with an electric motor/ generator unit acting on the same driven shaft is desired. However, classical frequency analysis techniques such as the Fast Fourier Transform are usually only applicable offline. Therefore, an online-applicable observer approach is developed in this paper which allows for the real-time frequency analysis of measured angular velocities. The estimation results, for both stationary and non-stationary operating points, are then applied on the one hand for a system identification and on the other hand for the implementation of control strategies in the framework of combustion engine test rigs. A numerical stability analysis and experimental results conclude this paper. | 15425351 |
4,508,355 | A new species of Eoceratoconcha Newman and Ladd, 1974 (Cirripedia, Archaeobalanidae) from the Pliocene of Florida The coral-inhabiting archaeobalanid barnacle genus Eoceratoconcha Newman and Ladd, 1974, previously known only from the middle Miocene of Trinidad and questionably from the lower Miocene of Jamaica, is represented by a new species, E. weisbordi, in the coral Solenastrea bournoni Milne-Edwards and Haime from the upper Pliocene Pinecrest beds of Sarasota County, Florida. The new species differs from Miocene species of Eoceratoconcha in its larger overall size and more subdued wall plate ribbing, and is further distinguished from the type species, E. kugleri Newman and Ladd, in having a well-developed scutal adductor ridge and conspicuous tergal depressor muscle crests. The opercular morphology of E. weisbordi further supports the proposal of Newman and Ladd (1974) that Eoceratoconcha is ancestral to the pyrgomatid genus Ceratoconcha Kramberger-Gorjanovic. | 88598351 |
4,508,356 | Still With Me? Assessing the Persisting Relationship to a Deceased Loved-One - Validation of the "Continuing Bonds Scale" in a German Population. Continuing the bond (CB) to a deceased loved one plays a clinically significant role in grief. We validated the Continuing Bonds Scale (CBS) examining externalized CB (illusions and hallucinations) versus internalized CB (use of the deceased as a secure base) in relation to risk factors of complicated grief and bereavement-related adjustment. Data from 364 bereaved German participants on CBS, Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Posttraumatic Personal Growth Inventory (PPGI) entered an exploratory factor analysis. This yielded a two-factor-solution representing externalized and internalized CB (KMO = .89, χ2 = 2100.5, df = 120). Both factors demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .87). ICG and PPGI highly correlated with externalized and internalized CB. Cause of death and feelings of responsibility were associated with externalized CB. In the future, the use of the CBS could help predict problems in grief processing and consequently implement early interventions. | 247521551 |
4,508,357 | Power speed characteristics of a novel double-stator PM generator integrated with a magnetic gear This paper describes the power speed characteristics of a novel double-stator permanent magnet generator integrated with a magnetic gear (MG) using 2-D finite element method (2D-FEM). The machine is proposed for low-speed applications and it has a novel structure with two iron ring pole pieces and three permanent magnet rotors consisting of an outer field PM, inner field PM and prime PM. A prototype of the proposed machine is constructed and tested experimentally. The power characteristics including voltage, current, torque and speed are analyzed and compared with the measured results. The measured power characteristics are in good agreement with the calculated results but there is limitation on the measured speed characteristics which is primarily due to the constraint on the transmission torque of the magnetic gear. The predicted and measured results validate the proposed machine design. | 25293551 |
4,508,358 | Oligarchy by Jeffrey A. Winters In democracies, the rich protect their freedom with wealth, and the people protect theirs with laws. This notion, associated with Demosthenes in classical Athens, and revived by Leonardo Bruni in republican Florence, imputes a roughly fair equilibrium to popular government: Private wealth and public institutions, so the truism goes, combine in democracies to ensure that both wealthy and common citizens live with fewer arbitrary restrictions on their behavior than in any other kind of regime. | 147600801 |
4,508,359 | UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS OF PARADIGMATIC CHANGES IN SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY In the article the features of the development of classical and nonclassical types of science of Ukrainian studies in accordance with the transformation processes of epistemological methodology, its scientific, natural, socio-political paradigm are analyzed. The article focuses on the modern changes in the methodological paradigms of the Ukrainian studies. Decoding the meanings of Ukrainian studies, attention is drawn to the fact that the term carries on both the knowledge about external world of Ukraine: factual, objective, mainly subjective in the natural-scientific paradigm of epistemological methodology and the knowledge (information) about internal subjective world of humans (rational, irrational), which is the basis of epistemological methodology. Researches in the fields of Ukrainian studies through the prism of scientific methodology make it possible to analyze in depth the processes of humanization, humanitarianism, humanization, which approach the "meetings" of subjective and objective, irrational and rational etc., actualize the problem of approaching the natural and human-dimensional world. Such structural epistemological factors of cognition are the foundations of cultural and anthropological paradigms, worldview navigations, which are considered in the context of value orientations of classical, nonclassical Ukrainian studies, as the basis of the inner human-dimensional world, detailed culturalanthropological, technological and worldviews paradigms of scientific methodology. Attention is paid to the "decoding" of the terminological system, in particular the gravitas of Ukrainian studies, whose semantics lays the cross-cutting idea of New European science - the approximation of objectivity and subjectivity. | 226870001 |
4,508,360 | Complex of praseodymium with lipid as a NMR temperature sensor and probe of liposome states The goal of the research was to show the limits within which Pr3+ can be used as a linear response probe. The temperature-dependence of lanthanide-induced chemical shifts (LISs) was studied using examples of different phospholipids (POPC, DPPC and the mixture DPPC + DOPC) by means of NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that this dependence is strongly influenced by the lipid composition, and features of the temperature-dependence indicate the features of the thermal changes of the structure of liposomes. Features of the temperature-dependence were detected for DPPC and the mixture of DPPC + DOPC. The width of these features corresponds to the width of the phase transitions. The analysis of paramagnetic properties such as the temperature sensitivity of LIS indicates the prospect of using kinetically unstable lanthanide complexes as shifting temperature-sensitive probes for determining local temperature and prospective diagnosis of diseases using MRI technology. In the long term, nonlinear changes in the LIS in the inflection region can be useful for practical use (to obtain a very sensitive temperature response, similar to classical titration, when a sharp change close to equivalence makes the measurement sensitive). | 224933451 |
4,508,361 | Systematic Risk and Prudential Supervision This paper develops a new viewpoint about how to supervise the systematic risk in financial institution. The author suggests that different prudential supervision mode should be applied for different objects. For a single bank, the department should strengthen the micro-prudential supervision, using rigid constraint provision to monitor the balance sheets. For the correlation between financial institutions and products, the regulators should stress the macro-prudential supervision on the whole system, using free judgment provision to regulate the risk. | 12599001 |
4,508,362 | Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease Meynen G, Van Stralen H, Smit JH, Kamphorst W, Swaab DF, Hoogendijk WJG. Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease. Background: To investigate for the first time in a prospective study the relationship between depressive state and the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, using a scale for depressive symptoms in dementia, while controlling for clinical severity of dementia. Method: Within the framework of a prospective longitudinal study of depression in Alzheimer's disease, patients with dementia underwent a clinical evaluation every six months during the last years of their lives, using the Cornell scale for depression in dementia to assess depressive symptoms and using the Functional Assessment Staging scale to control for clinical severity of dementia. The brains of 43 Alzheimer patients were obtained. The last clinical evaluations prior to death together with post-mortem neuropathology measures were analysed. Results: We found a correlation between the Cornell scores and the sum score for the density of neuritic plaques in the entire cortex (p = 0.027), and even stronger in the temporal cortex (p = 0.012). The observed correlations were independent of sex, age of death, clinical dementia severity and duration of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: This study shows a positive relationship between depressive state at time of death and the presence of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease, which is independent of the clinical severity of dementia. | 37617751 |
4,508,363 | Identifying Potential Regulatory Sequences of Alternative Splicing Alternative splicing is an important mechanism that contributes to expanding protein diversity by generating multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. We have previously reported computational approach to infer alternative splicing patterns from Mus musculus full-length cDNA clones and microarray data [4]. Although we have predicted a large number of unreported splice variants, general mechanisms that regulate those alternative splicing were yet to be understood. In the present study, we constructed datasets of putative alternatively spliced genes by use of full-length cDNA clones and genomic DNA sequences. Our putative datasets were then evaluated by comparing information contents of constitutive splice-sites and those of alternative splice-sites. Using phylogenetic footprinting approach, we identied the potential regulatory sequences of alternative splicing. | 14548451 |
4,508,364 | Fast intra-prediction model selection for H.264 codec We investigate the encoding speed improvement for H.264 with a special focus on fast intra-prediction mode selection in this work. It is possible to adopt the rate-distortion (RD) optimized mode in H.264 to maximize the coding gain at the cost of a very high computational complexity. To reduce the complexity associated with the intra-prediction mode selection, we propose a two-step fast algorithm. In the first step, we make a course-level decision to split all possible candidate modes into two groups: the group to be examined further and the group to be ignored. The sizes of these two groups are adaptively determined based on the block activities. Then, in the second step, we focus on the group of interest, and consider an RD model for final decision-making. It is demonstrated by experiment results that the proposed scheme performs 5 to 7 time faster than the current H.264 encoder (JM5.0c) with little degradation in the coding gain. | 16287301 |
4,508,365 | Thirteen‐year retrospective study of Bowen's disease in Northern Ireland In a retrospective study we measured the incidence of internal malignancy in patients diagnosed as having Bowen's disease, in Northern Ireland, between 1970 and 1983. Data on 157 patients were obtained from hospital notes, death certificates, the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry and the patients' general practitioners. There was a preponderance of females with Bowen's disease with a female to male ratio of 2.8: 1. | 1761751 |
4,508,366 | "Tool Optimization for Matrix Composite Turning using Coated and Uncoated Cutting Tools " Industries usually want to make a profit; this includes everything from materials to equipment to deep-cutting tools to work materials, and one product that fits the bill is metal matrix composite. Due to its low cost, metal matrix composites are increasingly being used more and more in a variety of industries, including aerospace and automotive. However, because of their anisotropic and non-homogeneous structure, as well as the high abrasiveness of their reinforcing elements, metal matrix composite materials are difficult to machine. Even so, these industries are compelled to move with MMC because damage is frequently introduced into the work piece as well as very quick wear development in the cutting tool. When milling MMC, the cutting tool is said to be the most important component. A good cutting tool that doesn't break while milling MMC will undoubtedly produce good results and find widespread application. Although cutting speed has been found to be more efficient, the wear rate of the cutting tool significantly dropped as cutting parameters like feed and depth of cut were increased. High cutting speeds caused tool inserts to break suddenly. Tool life has been greatly increased using coated carbide tools. Compared to uncoated tools, coated tools produce better outcomes. Consequently, this research highlights a crucial feature in areas like optimization and design. Using coated and uncoated tools, Minitab software is used to analyze the tool's break even point during turning operations on Metal matrix composites while comparing the graph of | 251551201 |
4,508,367 | the material removal rate in MMC. | 251551201 |
4,508,368 | Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Cognition and Aggressive Behavior In this study, we examined how playing a violent video game affected aggressive cognition and aggressive behavior. A total of 300 children (Mage = 6.38, SD = 0.25) were randomly recruited to play a violent or a nonviolent video game. Results revealed that briefly exposing children to a violent video game increased aggressive cognition and aggressive behavior. In addition, a significant game × sex interaction showed that this effect was larger for boys than for girls. Mediational pathways were found such that aggressive cognition mediated the relationship between violent video games and aggressive behavior, especially for boys. Findings were interpreted within and supported the framework of the general aggression model. Violent video game effects remain a societal concern, and boys should be regarded as a special group for aggression intervention. | 229715851 |
4,508,369 | Structural Volatility in Mexico: A Policy Report This paper surveys Mexico`s economic weaknesses and provides related policy recommendations. Current problems include weak international financial links and external conditions, a recurrent credit crunch and financial underdevelopment problem, with particularly fragile banks, a weak fiscal situation, due to extreme vulnerability to internal and external shocks, and a latent monetary policy credibility problem. The paper`s policy recommendations include improving external financial links, reducing direct exposure to external shocks, accelerating domestic financial deepening and strengthening existing arrangements, reducing public accounts exposure to internal and external shocks, and stabilizing very high and very low frequency movements in the nominal exchange rate. | 155230001 |
4,508,370 | 2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications At the end of 2012, U.S. wind turbines in distributed applications reached a 10-year cumulative installed capacity of more than 812 MW from more than 69,000 units across all 50 states. In 2012 alone, nearly 3,800 wind turbines totaling 175 MW of distributed wind capacity were documented in 40 states and in the U.S. Virgin Islands, with 138 MW using utility-scale turbines (i.e., greater than 1 MW in size), 19 MW using mid-size turbines (i.e., 101 kW to 1 MW in size), and 18.4 MW using small turbines (i.e., up to 100 kW in size). Distributed wind is defined in terms of technology application based on a wind project’s location relative to end-use and power-distribution infrastructure, rather than on technology size or project size. Distributed wind systems are either connected on the customer side of the meter (to meet the onsite load) or directly to distribution or micro grids (to support grid operations or offset large loads nearby). Estimated capacity-weighted average costs for 2012 U.S. distributed wind installations was $2,540/kW for utility-scale wind turbines, $2,810/kW for mid-sized wind turbines, and $6,960/kW for newly manufactured (domestic and imported) small wind turbines. An emerging trend observed in 2012 was an increased usemore » of refurbished turbines. The estimated capacity-weighted average cost of refurbished small wind turbines installed in 2012 was $4,080/kW. As a result of multiple projects using utility-scale turbines, Iowa deployed the most new overall distributed wind capacity, 37 MW, in 2012. Nevada deployed the most small | 113010401 |
4,508,371 | wind capacity in 2012, with nearly 8 MW of small wind turbines installed in distributed applications. In the case of mid-size turbines, Ohio led all states in 2012 with 4.9 MW installed in distributed applications. State and federal policies and incentives continued to play a substantial role in the development of distributed wind projects. In 2012, U.S. Treasury Section 1603 payments and grants and loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Energy for America Program were the main sources of federal funding for distributed wind projects. State and local funding varied across the country, from rebates to loans, tax credits, and other incentives. Reducing utility bills and hedging against potentially rising electricity rates remain drivers of distributed wind installations. In 2012, other drivers included taking advantage of the expiring U.S. Treasury Section 1603 program and a prosperous year for farmers. While 2012 saw a large addition of distributed wind capacity, considerable barriers and challenges remain, such as a weak domestic economy, inconsistent state incentives, and very competitive solar photovoltaic and natural gas prices. The industry remains committed to improving the distributed wind marketplace by advancing the third-party certification process and introducing alternative financing models, such as third-party power purchase agreements and lease-to-own agreements more typical in the solar photovoltaic market. Continued growth is expected in 2013.« less | 113010401 |
4,508,372 | An application of fuzzy mathematics in ADS-B data validation Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) is providing significant operational enhancements to military and civilian applications, however, there are still security problems, such as the data can be falsified and the message can be received without authorization, which can be obstacles to the development of ADS-B. This paper proposed fuzzy mathematics application related theory in connection with the issue that ADS-B data can be falsified, through methods such as building fuzzy factor sets, choosing membership functions, allocating fuzzy factor weight sets, verifying track membership degree, etc., conduct dependent verification on ADS-B track data. The simulation results showed that this method is relatively effective and real-timed, which can meet the requirements for the reliability verification on the data. | 18078801 |
4,508,373 | Optimum bit allocation and decomposition for high quality audio coding Current audio compression schemes are capable of reducing the per channel bit rate of high quality audio signals from 16 bits per sample to around 2-4 bits per sample. In these schemes, knowledge of psychoacoustics is utilised and a uniform or nonuniform frequency decomposition method is used. In this paper we derive the optimum bit allocation to achieve the highest perceptual quality under a fixed bit rate, for an arbitrarily decomposed, critically sampled, filter bank. The resultant optimum bit allocation gives rise to a shaped reconstruction noise floor approximately parallel to the masking threshold level. Perceptual coding gain is defined and should be maximized for an optimum decomposition performed by the filter bank. Optimum band splitting is discussed and it is pointed out that decomposition in the manner of critical band splitting does not lead to optimal performance. | 10019501 |
4,508,374 | Multidimensional construct of health-related quality of life for Chinese dialysis patients. Quality of life is a term frequently used but seldom well defined in nursing research. The lack of a consistent definition and measures to assess the various quality of life dimensions makes it difficult to compare research findings across multiple studies. The aim of this article was to identify the factors that constitute quality of life as perceived by Chinese dialysis patients in Hong Kong. | 19719801 |
4,508,375 | Contaminated Foods in Healthcare Facilities To the Editor: During the summer of 1993, our hospital and skilled nursing home experienced a mixed foodborne outbreak during which over 100 residents were infected with Salmonella group B (Heidelberg) and/or Campylobacter jejuni (biotype III). The source of the pathogens was tracked to improperly prepared chopped chicken livers. As part of our corrective action plan, we enhanced our educational program for food-service personnel to heighten awareness of the need for proper handling and processing of potentially high-risk foods. An integral part of this education process was a program of microbiologic food surveillance with regular feedback of results to food-service staff. We targeted potentially high-risk foods prepared within the facility, such as tuna salad, egg salad, potato salad, macaroni salad, and chicken salad. In addition, surveillance was performed on commercially supplied precooked, ready-to-eat beef and poultry products (such as cooked turkey breast, corned beef, frankfurters, salami, and bologna) purchased from various vendors. Initially, during the 2-year surveillance period, testing frequently revealed total plate counts of in-house prepared food items (particularly tuna and egg salads) in excess of 100,000 bacteria/g, exceeding local health standards (New York City Department of Health Code 81.07). The most common microbial contaminants isolated from these foods consisted of mixed populations of Enterobacter species (cloacae, agglomerans), as well as Acinetobacter anitratus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus. Less frequently isolated were Streptococcus viridans and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Extensive evaluation of this problem disclosed that the initial inoculation of the salad with bacteria was due to the use of raw vegetables in | 1054761 |
4,508,376 | the salad preparation. Our studies showed that tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, and green peppers had high counts of the contaminating organisms on the surface. In addition, lesser quantities of Aeromonas hydrophila, a potential human enteric pathogen, were isolated regularly from the raw vegetables. Thorough washing of the vegetables was somewhat effective in reducing the numbers of bacteria; however, total counts remained relatively high. Interventions included intensive food-service employee education regarding temperature control and handwashing, as well as procedures for the use and handling of raw vegetables. These included the need to clean surfaces and utensils that come in contact with raw vegetables before using the area for other food preparation. In addition, a processing change was made that established a requirement for blanching in boiling water all raw vegetables used in protein-containing salads. These interventions were successful in eliminating the high bacterial counts in the salads. We believe that the greatest value of these surveillance cultures has been to instill in staff a heightened awareness of the consequences of improper food preparation and handling, thus providing a greater measure of assurance that safe handling and preparation methods for all foods will be followed. More disturbing has been our experience with significant bacterial contamination of commercially prepared, precooked, ready-to-eat products. In the last 2 years, we have identified beef and poultry products with high total plate counts comprising a variety of microorganisms within the sealed packages of the products. Ready-to-eat turkey breasts with total plate counts of >1,000,000/g of Aeromonas hydrophilia, Yersinia intermedia, Serratia liquifaciens, and Enterobacter species | 1054761 |
4,508,377 | resulted in a USDA product recall. In addition, precooked, ready-to-eat corned beefs obtained from three different manufacturers were found to have total counts in excess of 100,000 bacteria/mL in juice surrounding the product. Microbiologic analysis showed a variety of organisms including Enterobacter species, Serratia liquifaciens, Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus, and Acinetobacter anitratus. Similarly, frankfurters from multiple vendors had counts of bacteria in excess of 100,000/mL in surrounding meat juice, which contained organisms such as Enterococcus, Corynebacterium species, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquifaciens, and Lactobacillus species. Less frequently, bologna has been found to contain high counts of Lactobacillus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. In all cases, when the manufacturer has been notified, they have investigated and taken corrective actions. On two occasions the USDA was involved, with one investigation leading to a product recall. In another case, the manufacturer voluntarily condemned the product. Although none of these “contaminated” foods could be linked specifically to increased patient or staff morbidity, the elevated incidence of nonspecific diarrhea in a hospital or nursing home population makes this difficult to detect. In any case, the consumption of contaminated or spoiled food by already debilitated patients is a situation best avoided. The finding of contaminated commercially prepared products may serve as an indicator of poor manufacturing and inadequate quality assurance processes that could allow the growth of more problematic enteric pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria, or enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, should the food product be contaminated inadvertently during manufacture. We currently are using microbial surveillance screening as an aid in choosing vendors for purchase of | 1054761 |
4,508,378 | perishable or high-risk foods, as well as continuing surveillance on hospitalprepared foods to aid in educating food-preparation staff. | 1054761 |
4,508,379 | Technologies Integration of Immersive Virtual Reality on Smartphones with Real-Time Motion Capture This paper aims at presenting the integration of technologies used to improve the experience of immersion in virtual reality applications with affordable devices. The application explored the Kinect motion capture and the Smartphone sensors. Also, it used an intermediary computer and a virtual reality cardboard with a Smartphone. The application provided the interaction and the avatar control through natural body movements. The technologies integration has sufficient accuracy to recognize movements from user's thorax, arms and legs. | 26598961 |
4,508,380 | Performance of acoustic communications for AUVs operating in the North Sea In this article we investigate the performance of underwater acoustic communications between an AUV and a ground control station in a realistic use case for harbor protection/monitoring in the North Sea. In particular we focus on the contribution of nearby shipping noise and how it influences the maximum communication range of an underwater modem in two relevant frequency bands for high and low data rate communications. Our results suggest that acoustic communication performance is highly dependent on in situ shipping conditions and future tools for autonomous operation planning in harbor environment must take into account this effect to ensure efficiency and robustness. | 11125411 |
4,508,381 | Exchange Value as Pedagogy in Children's Leisure: Moral Panics in Children's Culture at Century's End This article examines the relatively recent emergence of a new ethos of acquisition for acquisition's sake in the practices of collecting and trading cards and plush toys purportedly manufactured for children. I analyze public debates surrounding three fads in children's popular culture in the late 1990s: sports "chase" cards, Beanie Baby plush toys and Pokemon trading cards. These crazes take the form of moral panics whereby sacred values are said to be threatened by the trading of these goods because of what they teach. That is, "appropriate" play and use of these goods constitutes an exercise in particular modes of seeing and relating to and in the world. | 144669811 |
4,508,382 | Localized Quadrilateral Coarsening In this paper we introduce a coarsening algorithm for quadrilateral meshes that generates quality, quad‐only connectivity during level‐of‐coarsening creation. A novel aspect of this work is development and implementation of a localized adaptation of the polychord collapse operator to better control and preserve important surface components. We describe a novel weighting scheme for automatic deletion selection that considers surface attributes, as well as localized queue updates that allow for improved data structures and computational performance opportunities over previous techniques. Additionally, this work supports optional and intuitive user controls for tailored simplification results. | 18689261 |
4,508,383 | Continuous phase modulation for future satellite communication systems in Ka band In this paper, a CPM (continuous phase modulation) based waveform is proposed. CPM is an efficient waveform for future satellite communication systems. It yields good power and spectral performance and provides a constant envelope signal. This class of modulation yields a constant envelope signal so that SSPA (solid state power amplifier) terminal amplifier can operate near saturation. These systems operate in Ka-band with MF-TDMA access method on the uplink with the requirements of future satellite communication systems. The system will overcome specific difficulties that may affect the quality of service. The brief summary of the main CPM signal properties and the receiver complexity, serially coded CPM with iterative decoding process is presented. Simulation results are presented in the paper such that coding and decoding schemes achieve good power performance. | 16435011 |
4,508,384 | Effects of Immigration on Labour Markets and Government Budgets - an Overview The paper provides an overview on recent trends of immigration in OECD countries and on the possible effects of immigration on labour markets and government budgets. It also discusses migration policies from an economic point of view. By bringing together a bulk of international literature on labour market and fiscal effects of migration in a systematic way it provides a framework for assessing the economic effects of migration and improving the knowledge base for migration policies. | 153188361 |
4,508,385 | Tweet analytics and tweet summarization using graph mining Social networking sites, like Twitter, have become the fastest means of communication. Millions of user tweet everyday discussing recent and important issues. Generally, the tweets are identical or similar in nature, which causes information overload on user's wall. This makes it difficult for the user to keep a track of all the events. The best solution for this is to summarize tweets that are similar, making it easier for user to understand and decide which tweets to follow. In this paper, we present a graph based clustering technique to generate summary for tweets that are similar or identical. In addition, the paper describes about the analytics performed on tweets. Analyzing tweets help in determining the popularity of a topic and in knowing user-interested topics. Twitter analytics is the key to measure the success of the tweets posted. The proposed system gives better results compared to other existing systems. | 21545761 |
4,508,386 | Bipyridine Derivatives Lower Arteriolar Resistance and Improve Left Ventricular Function in Newborn Lambs ABSTRACT. Milrinone may be used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive diseases of the newborn. We have studied its effects in chronically instrumented newborn lambs over a dose range from 1-100 jig/kg. These actions have been compared with those of amrinone. We have also tested the effect of milrinone on hypoxia and leukotriene Dj-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Injected into the right pulmonary artery, both amrinone and milrinone cause a dose-related fall in pulmonary arteriolar resistance with milrinone being approximately 20 times more potent than amrinone and possessing an ED50 of about 10 jig/kg. Both agents increase left ventricular dp/dt significantly and tend to increase cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance falls with both drugs but the change is significant only with milrinone. While milrinone attenuates the increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance induced by leukotriene D4 and hypoxia, this is probably an indirect effect. Milrinone does not modify either the increases in left atrial, aortic pressure, and systemic vascular resistance or the decreases in cardiac output and left ventricular dp/dt induced by leukotriene D4. These findings suggest that milrinone deserves clinical trial in newborn infants with pulmonary hypertension in whom myocardial depression often coexists. | 1527461 |
4,508,387 | Detecting Outlying Samples in a PARAFAC Model To explore multi-way data, different methods have been proposed. Here, we study the popular PARAFAC (Parallel factor analysis) model, which expresses multi-way data in a more compact way, without ignoring the underlying complex structure. To estimate the score and loading matrices, an alternating least squares procedure is typically used. It is however well known that least squares techniques suffer from outlying observations, making the models useless when outliers are present in the data. In this paper, we present a robust PARAFAC method. Essentially, it searches for an outlier-free subset of the data, on which we can then perform the classical PARAFAC algorithm. A robust diagnostic plot is introduced to identify outliers. Simulations and examples show the robustness of our approach. | 18060411 |
4,508,388 | Tissue engineering bone formation in novel recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2-atelocollagen composite scaffolds. BACKGROUND Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are important bone-induction factors, and the development of a suitable carrier for BMPs is a critical step to achieve osteoinductive function. The aims of the present study were to evaluate, at the cellular and molecular levels, the feasibility of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2)-collagen composite scaffold and its efficiency for carrying BMP-2 in ectopic bone formation in rats. METHODS Scaffolds with (test) or without rhBMP-2 (control) were made and implanted into the calf muscle of 16 5-week-old rats. The tissue responses to the scaffolds were examined by histology. Masson's trichrome and von Kossa stainings were performed to examine collagen matrix deposition and calcification at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. Expressions of bone phenotypic markers, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No detectable adverse responses were noted around the implanted scaffolds, and the area of the resorbed scaffold had been replaced by young connective tissue by 3 to 7 days in both groups. In the rhBMP-2 composite scaffold, collagen matrix deposition was found in the implanted site on day 7 and initial signs of endochondral differentiation also appeared. Mineralization and the expressions of key bone proteins were demonstrated in chondroblasts and osteoblasts at 7 to 14 days. Molecular cascades of bone induction were not shown in control specimens. CONCLUSION The rhBMP-2-atelocollagen scaffold showed excellent biocompatibility and possessed a bone-inducing capacity in rat within 2 weeks, and, thus, | 39341711 |
4,508,389 | may provide a potential application in tissue engineering of bone tissue. | 39341711 |
4,508,390 | 289 INSULIN INHIBITS THE SYNTHESIS OF THE MAJOR SURFACTANT APOPROTEIN IN HUMAN FETAL LUNG IN VITRO Fetal hyperinsulinemia may be a causative factor in the increased incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. We previously observed, however, that insulin acted synergistically with cortisol to increase disaturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis in human fetal lung explants in vitro. Surfactant apoproteins, which comprise ∼10% of surfactant composition, may serve an important role in surfactant function. In the present study, we utilized antibodies directed against the major human surfactant apoprotein, a 35 kDa glycoprotein, and immunoblot analysis to evaluate the effect of insulin on the specific content of this protein in human fetal lung explants in organ culture. The 35 kDa protein, which was not observed in the human fetal lung tissue prior to culture, was detectable in control explants after 2 days of incubation and was increased in concentration with increasing time in culture. Insulin caused a marked inhibition of surfactant apoprotein accumulation at concentrations as low as 0.5 nM. This inhibitory effect of insulin was dose-dependent and was apparent as early as day 2 of incubation. These findings are suggestive that fetal hyperinsulinemia may cause the production of surfactant deficient in the major apoprotein; this may provide an explanation for the increased incidence of RDS in infants of diabetic mothers. | 23088861 |
4,508,391 | Characterization of HIV type 1 subtype C protease gene: selection of L63P mutation in protease inhibitor-naive Indian patients. Significant subtype-specific differences were observed in the protease (PR) region of the HIV-1 pol gene. Most of the previous studies were restricted to subtype B, although subtype C accounts for more than 50% of HIV infections worldwide. In this study we characterized PR sequences from primary clinical isolates from protease inhibitor (PI)-naive patients in South India (n=39) as well as database-derived HIV-1 subtype C sequences from India (n=542) and globally (n=2970). All the study sequences were identified as subtype C, which is predominant in India. Drug resistance genotyping analysis identified 2.6% (1/39) prevalence of major PI resistance (I54T) and 7.7% (3/39) of minor PI resistance (L10I, T74S, and A71T). Selection of T12S, I15V, L19I, M36I, R41K, H69K, L89M, and I93L was observed both in global and Indian subtype C while the L63P mutation was selected in Indian PR sequences. Three different codon-based maximum likelihood methods agreed on four sites (12, 19, 36, and 82) under positive selection in Indian sequences. | 32173861 |
4,508,392 | THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM THE term "complement" was flrst coined at the end of the nineteenth century to describe a heat-labile factor in the serum, which was required in addition to speciflc antibody for the immune lysis of red cells and certain bacteria. However, it is only in the last decade that the nature and biochemistry of complement and its biological manifestations have been elucidated. H. J. Muller-Eberhard and his co-workers in California have been responsible for much of the work in this field. It is now recognized that complement plays an important role in the body's defence mechanisms by being the principal effector system of antigen-antibody reactions. In addition, certain low molecular weight cleavage compounds produced during the activation of the complement reaction sequence result in increased vascular permeability, directed migration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (chemotaxis) and liberation of histamine from mast cells, thus influencing significantly the inflammatory process. Activation of the complement system, nevertheless, is not always physiogenic and may result in tissue damage, including hremolysis, in immunopathological processes. | 61966211 |
4,508,393 | A Method of 3D Surface Correspondence for Automated Landmark Generation A method for corresponding the triangulated mesh surface representations of two shapes is presented. The algorithm produces a matching pair of sparse polyhedral approximations, one for each shape surface, using a global Euclidean measure of similarity. A method of surface patch parameterisation is presented and its use in the interpolation of surfaces for the construction of a merged mean shape with a densely triangulated surface is described. Results are presented for the production of a binary tree of merged biological shapes which may be used as a basis for automated landmarking. | 15681811 |
4,508,394 | Hepatitis B reactivation: diagnosis and management ABSTRACT Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can be induced by treatments that attenuate the immunological control over HBV, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The risk of HBV reactivation is determined by host immunity, viral factors, and the type and dose of treatments. Nevertheless, the risk of HBV reactivation for a growing number of novel therapies remains uncertain and needs to be carefully examined. Identification of patients at risk and administration of prophylactic antiviral agents are critical to prevent HBV reactivation. Early diagnosis and initiation of antiviral treatment are the keys to avoid devastating outcomes. Area covered We summarized the latest evidence and recommendations for risk stratification, early diagnosis, prophylaxis, and management of HBV reactivation. Expert opinion Universal screening, adequate prophylaxis, and close monitoring are essential for the prevention of HBV reactivation. Risk stratification of patients at risk with appropriate antiviral prophylaxis can prevent HBV reactivation effectively. Several emerging biomarkers have been proved to help determine the risk precisely. Early detection and timely administration of antiviral agents are crucial for management. Further studies on the precision of risk stratification as well as the optimal duration of prophylaxis and treatment are needed to establish an individualized strategy. | 218873711 |
4,508,395 | Don't believe the hype: get SARS in proportion. First war, then pestilence. The global relief that followed the collapse of the regime in Baghdad was short lived. In a matter of days a new public enemy had appeared on the horizon, as ruthless as Saddam Hussein, as invisible as Al-Qaeda, far less comical than Kim Jong-il. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was upon us. | 29784311 |
4,508,396 | An experimental view of jets (elementary particles) An account is given of the production and fragmentation of jets. Particular attention is paid to the way the major experimental features of their fragmentation can be due to very general properties of this fragmentation, so that these features cannot help to distinguish the production mechanism. Methods used for analysis of jet structures are described. The experimental features of jet structures in various processes are described, ranging from processes where jet structures are well-established and there is good evidence that these are due to fragmentation of quarks and gluons, to processes where this parentage is less certain or where quarks and gluons are believed to be involved but the resulting jet structures have yet to be observed. | 250734861 |
4,508,397 | Method for determining spectrum density of power of electric signal as to autocorrelation function of this signal FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: discrete values of autocorrelation function of an analysed signal are defined, and as per the above discrete values there defined are discrete values of spectrum power density. With that, range of controlled frequencies, which includes an analysed signal spectrum, is divided into small resolution elements, the size of which is determined by the required accuracy of spectrum analysis. They are numbered, and weight function depending on time, number and size of a resolution element is formed for each resolution element. Discrete values of autocorrelation function of the analysed signal are defined at time shifts suitable for their determination. Vector-matrix equation of measurements r → = w T f → + n → is composed, where vector r → includes discrete values of autocorrelation function W - weight matrix determined by values of weight functions at autocorrelation function discretisation moments, f → - spectrum vector including values of spectrum power density in each resolution element as components, n → - vector of determination errors of discrete values of autocorrelation function. By the measurement equation, there defined is assessment of spectrum vector the components of which represent assessments of components of spectrum power density of the analysed signal, which are discretised as to resolution elements. EFFECT: improving spectrum analysis accuracy, eliminating spectrum distortions due to effect of power leakage to neighbouring frequency areas and reducing time required for spectrum analysis. | 126193361 |
4,508,398 | Theoretical strength of 2D hexagonal crystals: application to bubble raft indentation By means of lattice and molecular dynamics we study the theoretical strength of homogeneously strained, defect-free 2D crystals whose atoms interact via pair potentials with short- and longer-ranged interactions, respectively. We calculate the instability surface, i.e. the boundary in the 3D homogeneous strain space (ε xx , ε yy , ε xy ), at which the first vanishing of the frequency of a vibrational mode occurs, taking into account all 2(N − 1) + 3 modes of a 2D periodic system of N atoms. We also compute the strain energies of the crystal on the instability surface, thus defining the most dangerous direction(s) of strain where the critical energy density is small. A theory is developed to incorporate the effect of loading device–sample interactions in the lattice instability criterion. The results are applied to the model problem of bubble raft indentation. We analyse the distribution of the unstable phonon modes in the first Brillouin zone as a function of the loading parameter, and discuss the post-critical behaviour of the lattice in the presence of strain gradients as in nano-indentation experiments. | 7187411 |
4,508,399 | Comparative analysis of various Machine Learning Techniques for Intrusion Detection System Surfing internet becomes common now-a-days that gave a chance for intruders to steal information. Therefore security is very important to detect any unwanted activities by using intrusion detection system. Intrusion detection system is one of the vast new technologies in this decade which makes the system to learn by itself and predict the values using machine learning techniques. To analyze intrusion detection system for detecting network attacks using various machine learning techniques has been proposed in this paper. Machine learning algorithms such as J48, Naive Bayes, Random Forest and REP tree are compared using Kddcup99 dataset. When comparing these machine learning algorithms in which random forest gives high detection rate. | 211055611 |
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