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4,508,200 | Effects of oxygen administration on the circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. OBJECTIVE Repeated nocturnal hypoxia is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We hypothesized that circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are affected by nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with OSAS. METHODS We examined the serum VEGF levels in patients with OSAS and in control subjects. We also tested the effects of oxygen or air administration on the subjects' VEGF levels. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four OSAS patients (mean age 54.2 +/- 3.6 years) and 24 age-matched control subjects (53.2 +/- 3.6 years). Their serum samples were tested. RESULTS Serum VEGF levels at 8:00 AM were significantly higher in OSAS patients than in controls (p<0.01). VEGF levels decreased from 515 +/- 31 (pg/ml) to 178 +/- 16 (pg/m) (p<0.01) in OSAS patients whose nocturnal hypoxemia was found to be improved by administration of 2 l/min of oxygen during the night. However, the administration of compressed air affected neither the VEGF level nor nocturnal oxygen desaturation in OSAS patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate that circulating VEGF levels are elevated in OSAS patients, primarily due to nocturnal hypoxemia. | 39863651 |
4,508,201 | Abdominal sarcoidosis presenting as bilateral simultaneous optic disc granulomas ABSTRACT A 24-year-old male presents with diminution of vision in both eyes of acute onset with floaters. He has a history of fever of unknown origin. Examination revealed bilateral optic disc granulomas with mild vitritis. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme was found to be elevated and tuberculin skin test was negative. Computed tomography scan of the chest showed clear lung fields with no hilar lymphadenopathy but mildly enlarged pretracheal lymph nodes. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes with hepatosplenomegaly, and ultrasound-guided biopsy of one of these lymph nodes showed chronic granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in resolution of ocular inflammation with no recurrence. | 80973801 |
4,508,202 | Periodontal conditions around tipped and upright molars in adults. An intra-individual retrospective study. In 69 individuals from a randomized epidemiological material comprising 450 adults, an intra-individual comparison of the periodontal condition of 73 mesially tipped molars (30 degrees or more to a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane) and contralateral upright molars was made. The alveolar bone level mesially and distally of each tooth was registered in periapical radiographs. The occurrence of plaque, gingivitis and probeable pocket depths of 4 mm or more mesially and distally of each tooth was registered. No significant differences between tipped and upright molars could be found, regardless of the variable tested. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed from an orthodontic as well as a periodontal and prosthetic point of view. | 38961751 |
4,508,203 | Biomimetic Artificial Epigenetic Code for Targeted Acetylation of Histones. While the central role of locus-specific acetylation of histone proteins in eukaryotic gene expression is well established, the availability of designer tools to regulate acetylation at particular nucleosome sites remains limited. Here, we develop a unique strategy to introduce acetylation by constructing a bifunctional molecule designated Bi-PIP. Bi-PIP has a P300/CBP-selective bromodomain inhibitor (Bi) as a P300/CBP recruiter and a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide (PIP) as a sequence-selective DNA binder. Biochemical assays verified that Bi-PIPs recruit P300 to the nucleosomes having their target DNA sequences and extensively accelerate acetylation. Bi-PIPs also activated transcription of genes that have corresponding cognate DNA sequences inside living cells. Our results demonstrate that Bi-PIPs could act as a synthetic programmable histone code of acetylation, which emulates the bromodomain-mediated natural propagation system of histone acetylation to activate gene expression in a sequence-selective manner. | 44124501 |
4,508,204 | Analysis of the diversity of the AvBD gene region in Japanese quail. The avian β-defensin (AvBD) gene region is an important component of the innate immune system, encoding a variety of antimicrobial peptides. The AvBD region forms a multigene cluster in a specific chromosomal region. Comparison of the AvBD region among various birds suggests the presence of defects, duplications, and pseudogenization at many loci. The AvBD region in certain galliform birds, namely chicken, turkey, and bobwhite quail, includes AvBD3, -6, and -7, with the latter exhibiting copy number variants (CNVs) in chickens. DNA for genomic analysis was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail (Coturnix japonica) from six inbred lines. Nine CjAvBD1 and eight CjAvBD12 alleles were detected. Ten haplotypes, including three that were strain specific, were found in alleles from the quail AvBD1 (CjAvBD1) and -12 (CjAvBD12) loci. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the CjAvBD gene region (56 to 70 kb) for seven homozygous diplotypes of these 10 haplotypes. These seven haplotypes contained between 12 and 16 CjAvBD genes and were composed of 11 common loci: CjAvBD1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, and -14, but lacked CjAvBD3 and -7. Furthermore, up to five CjAvBD101 (AvBD6 ortholog) CNVs were observed among the seven haplotypes. In addition, we detected amino acid substitutions causing net charge mutations that could affect antimicrobial activity in CjAvBD4, -13, -14, and -101. These results suggest that the CjAvBD region is unique among the Galliformes and that its diversity results in | 221344701 |
4,508,205 | potential functional variation in innate immunity. | 221344701 |
4,508,206 | Cadomian orogenic collapse in the Ibor and Alcudia anticlines of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain Abstract In the Central Iberian Zone, the Cadomian orogenic collapse is represented by chaotic megabreccias, olistostromes and mélange deposits reflecting a drastic change from slope-related deposits, fed by denudation of the Cadomian arc, to offshore-dominant settings episodically punctuated by phosphogenetic processes. In the Ibor and Alcudia anticlines, the pre-rift unconformity is marked by paraconformable to angular discordant contacts separating variable tilted strata of the Ediacaran Lower Alcudian – Domo Extremeño Supergroup and the upper Ediacaran – lower Terreneuvian Ibor Group from the overlying Terreneuvian San Lorenzo and Fuentepizarra formations. The sedimentation of the San Lorenzo Formation reflects two palaeogeographic scenarios: (i) a low-angle stable basement recording shoaling-upward siliciclastic cycles, and (ii) perturbations of basement fault scarps feeding slope-related conglomeratic channels, with NE-directed palaeocurrents, and sourced from topographic palaeohighs controlled by the movement along synsedimentary normal fault systems, such as the so-called El Guijo Fault. The intra-Fortunian age of the pre-rift unconformity is constrained by the ichno- and microfossil content of the succession, and is bracketed between the first occurrence of Treptichnus pedum in the Arrocampo Formation (Ibor Group) and of Anabarella plana in the Fuentepizarra Formation. | 236569351 |
4,508,207 | Polymorphism of C3 component of complement in the Polish population. I. Population and family studies. In a sample of the Polish population numbering 4741 subjects, the three common types C3S, C3F and C3FS and 15 phenotype variants were found with frequencies 0.0046. The frequencies of C3S and C3F genes determining the common types were 0.8227 and 0.1750, respectively. Examination of 40 newborns and their mothers has revealed that C3 types are formed during the fetal life. The results of studies on 76 families with 157 children and 2332 mother-child pairs have confirmed that 3C3 types are determined by a single genetic locus in which codominant autosomal alleles are situated. | 19308201 |
4,508,208 | Information technology of user authentication in cross-platform systems In conditions of information technology growth, systems which are being developed to be used on multiple platforms, gain in importance and popularity. As a rule, such systems have client-server architecture and have strong security requirements for user authentication. In this paper the information technology of user authentication for cross-platform systems has been developed, which is characterized by high reliability and efficiency. Additional researches on the appearance of collisions while generating unique keys for user authentication have been carried out. These investigations allowed for recommendation the appropriate identifier length for a real project. | 27075601 |
4,508,209 | Development of miniature, high frequency pulse tube cryocoolers Because acoustic power density is proportional to frequency, the size of pulse tube cryocoolers for a given refrigeration power can be reduced by operating them at higher frequencies. A frequency of about 60 Hz had been considered the maximum frequency that could be used while maintaining high efficiency. Recently, we have shown through modeling that by decreasing the volume and hydraulic diameter of the regenerator and increasing the average pressure, it is possible to maintain high efficiency even for frequencies of several hundred hertz. Subsequent experimental results have demonstrated high efficiencies for frequencies of 100 to 140 Hz. The very high power density achieved at higher pressures and higher frequencies leads to very short cooldown times and very compact devices. The use of even higher frequencies requires the development of special compressors designed for such conditions and the development of regenerator matrices with hydraulic diameters less than about 30 Μm. To demonstrate the advantages of higher frequency operation, we discuss here the development of a miniature pulse tube cryocooler designed to operate at 80 K with a frequency of 150 Hz and an average pressure of 5.0 MPa. The regenerator diameter and length are 4.4 mm and 27 mm, respectively. The lowest temperature achieved to date has been 97 K, but a net refrigeration power of 530 mW was achieved at 120 K. Acoustic mismatches with existing compressors significantly limit the efficiency, but necessary modifications to improve the acoustic impedance match between the compressor and the cold head | 109667151 |
4,508,210 | are discussed briefly. | 109667151 |
4,508,211 | [Functional preservation in rectal cancer surgery]. Improvement in the cancer eradication and prevention of pelvic organ dysfunction are the most important strategy in rectal cancer surgery. More than 90% of rectal cancer in my experiences received APR resection before 1962. However, after 1963 anal function preserving operations were adopted 45% or more of rectal cancer. Pull-through was adopted at the beginning, however, anterior resection took the place of this procedure after 1969. When the suture instruments were applied to rectal surgery in 1984, 65% of patients were treated by instrumental end-to end reconstruction. Cancers, which have depth invasion a1, are treated enough with 2 cm length of distal stump, while cancers further depth invasion need 3 cm or more distal stump. Dysuria and male sexual impotence are caused by intrapelvic nerve injuries during surgery. Dysuria was found in 49% and impotence in 38% following conventional surgery. The incidence of dysuria and impotence, however, increased to 67% and 97% by extended dissection, respectively. To prevent these deteriorations, the pelvic node dissection should be limited to do for the locally advanced cases. Nerve preserving operation was performed for cancer with flat sm and slight invasion into pm layer, and the incidence of dysuria and impotence was decreased to 15% and 21%, respectively. | 36401651 |
4,508,212 | The reverse propensity score to detect selection bias and correct for baseline imbalances The propensity score has been proposed, and for the most part accepted, as a tool to allow for the evaluation of medical interventions in the presence of baseline imbalances arising in the context of observational studies. The lack of an analogous tool to allow for the evaluation of medical interventions in the presence of potentially systematic baseline imbalances in randomized trials has required the use of ad hoc methods. This, in turn, leads to challenges to the conclusions. For example, much of the controversy surrounding recommendations for or against mammography for some age groups stems from the fact that all the randomized trials to study mammography had baseline imbalances, to some extent, in important prognostic covariates. While some of these trials used cluster randomization, baseline imbalances are prevalent also in individually randomized trials. We provide a systematic approach for evaluating medical interventions in the presence of potentially systematic baseline imbalances in individually randomized trials with allocation concealment. Specifically, we define the reverse propensity score as the probability, conditional on all previous allocations and the allocation procedure (restrictions on the randomization), that a given patient will receive a given treatment. We demonstrate how the reverse propensity score allows for both detection of and correction for selection bias, or systematic baseline imbalances. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | 21892701 |
4,508,213 | Slip displacement sensors for intelligent robots: Solutions and models This paper discusses the design of modern tactile sensor systems for intelligent and adaptive robots. It provides information on three approaches for using slip displacement signals (for correction of claiming force, for identification of manipulated object mass and for correction of robot control algorithm). The study presents the analysis of different methods for slip displacement signals detection, as well as new sensors schemes, mathematical models and correction methods. Special attention is paid to investigations of developed by authors sensors with the capacity, magnetic sensitive elements and with automatic adjustment of claiming force. | 6876651 |
4,508,214 | Music-listening regulates human microRNA transcriptome Here, we used microRNA sequencing to study the effect of 20 minutes of classical music-listening on the peripheral blood microRNA transcriptome in subjects characterized for musical aptitude and music education and compared it to a control study without music for the same duration. In participants with high musical aptitude, we identified up-regulation of six microRNAs (hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-421, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-25-3p) and down-regulation of two microRNAs (hsa-miR-378a-3p, hsa-miR-16-2-3p) post music-listening. The up-regulated microRNAs were found to be regulators of neuron apoptosis and neurotoxicity, consistent with previously reported neuroprotective role of music. Some up-regulated microRNAs were reported to be responsive to neuronal activity (miR-132, miR-23a, miR-23b) and modulators of neuronal plasticity, CNS myelination and cognitive functions like long-term potentiation and memory. miR-132 and DICER, up-regulated after music-listening, protect dopaminergic neurons and is important for retaining striatal dopamine levels. miR-23 putatively activates pro-survival PI3K/AKT signaling cascade, which is coupled with dopaminergic signaling. Some of the transcriptional regulators (FOS, CREB1, JUN, EGR1 and BDNF) of the up-regulated microRNAs are sensory-motor stimuli induced immediate early genes and top candidates associated with musical traits. Amongst these, BDNF is co-expressed with SNCA, up-regulated in music-listening and music-performance, and both are activated by GATA2, which is associated with musical aptitude. Some of the candidate microRNAs and their putative regulatory interactions were previously identified to be associated with song-learning, singing and seasonal plasticity networks in songbirds and imply evolutionary conservation of the auditory perception process: miR-23a, miR-23b and miR-25 repress PTEN and indirectly activates the MAPK signaling pathway, a | 145876801 |
4,508,215 | regulator of neuronal plasticity which is activated after song-listening. We did not detect any significant changes in microRNA expressions associated with music education or low musical aptitude. Our data thereby show the importance of inherent musical aptitude for music appreciation and for eliciting the human microRNA response to music-listening. | 145876801 |
4,508,216 | Dopamine Receptors Direct the Plasticity Orchestra in the Motor Cortex The motor cortex is not functionally normal in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Surprisingly, how changes in dopaminergic cortical innervation may contribute to abnormal neuronal activity in the motor cortex has been largely unexplored. In their article, Guo and colleagues reveal a new dynamic rewiring of motor cortex in several PD animal models They investigated the effect of dopamine depletion in the motor cortex (M1) of MPTP and reserpine mice models of PD by imaging the dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons. The authors used transcranial 2-photon laser scanning microscopy to follow the evolution of the spines over time and found that spine formation and elimination were enhanced in these models, thus concluding that dopaminergic deficit leads to the abnormal turnover of spines in the motor cortex. This effect was restored with L-dopa treatment. Evidence was also provided for distinct roles of D1 and D2 receptors in the regulation of spine remodeling. D1 is uniquely involved in spine elimination and D2 in formation. Functionally, they also demonstrated that dopamine control synaptic because dopamine depletion enhances spine elimination and formation by reducing the activity of both receptors. In addition, the analysis of the dynamic remodeling of spines via suppressing long-term potentiation could be involved in motor and behavioral control and dopamine replacement therapy. A remarkable aspect of the study by Guo and colleagues is their success at approaching the study of spine plasticity from both functional and structural perspectives, unraveling their dynamic features at the cortical level, a field | 3453101 |
4,508,217 | in which previous researchers have failed using classic morphological techniques. Conceivably this same tool could be used in future studies of other regions such as the basal ganglia to help describe its circuitry in a more precise manner. Finally, this study should lead to a revisit with newer methodology synaptic changes in the motor cortex and other cortical regions well known to be involved in the pathophysiology and manifestations of PD. | 3453101 |
4,508,218 | Fundamental frequency and perceived prominence of accented syllables. Perceived prominence differences between accented words have been accounted for in terms of fundamental frequency (F0) variations. In one theory prominence is related to the relative magnitude of F0 changes, and in another theory prominence is related to relative frequencies of F0 maxima. Two experiments with the same group of subjects contrasted the two theories. The experiments used reiterant speech consisting of "maMAmamamaMAma" utterances with synthesized F0 contours, with F0 maxima on the second and penultimate syllables (P1 and P2, respectively). In one experiment the utterances had no baseline declination, and in the other experiment the slope of the baseline was varied. In both experiments, subjects performed an adjustment task under two different instructions: They were instructed to adjust P2 so that it had the same pitch or prominence as P1. The results show that both variables (instruction and presence or absence of baseline declination) affect the adjustments of P2. It is concluded that neither theory gives a satisfactory account of the results, and that perceived prominence is related in a complex way to the range of F0 values employed. | 9467701 |
4,508,219 | Formation of styrene during the Maillard reaction is negligible The elucidation of chemical pathways and the identification of intermediates leading to vinylogous compounds such as acrylamide by the Maillard reaction have proven challenging. This study was conducted to assess the formation of styrene from L-phenylalanine, employing binary mixtures of the amino acid heated together with simple C3-sugar analogue (1-hydroxyacetone) or methylglyoxal. The formation of the corresponding vinylogous product, i.e. styrene, was measured under different moisture, pH, and temperature conditions. The formation of intermediates over time was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) together with the target compound styrene. Two intermediates, i.e. 1-phenethylaminopropan-2-one and 2-phenylethylamine, play a role in the formation of styrene, the latter of more importance in high-moisture systems, whilst the former favours the release of styrene in low-moisture systems. The model further showed that Strecker-type reactions are of less importance in the formation of styrene, as the yield from single immediate precursors was maximally 0.03 mol%. The low conversion rate of L-phenylalanine to the vinylogous product and existing data on the occurrence of free L-phenylalanine in food plants suggests that the amounts of styrene expected in foods subjected to thermal treatment are negligible. | 28273251 |
4,508,220 | Strategy Development and Deployment in Private Universities – A Case of Srinivas University, India Purpose: The design and implementation of strategies in Universities provide formal and informal arrangements to coordinate academic and administrative planning and implementation in order to achieve its objectives. It also provides a sophisticated learning atmosphere wherein students can develop and improve their leadership and teamwork skills, creativity and intellectual powers, and passion in learning by providing a high standard in imparting education. Methodology: An exploratory research design is used to conduct a case study. The necessary information is gathered from the literature review. The Google Scholar search engine is used to conduct a literature review in order to establish a strong conceptual framework for this article. Results & Outcome: To be a leader among universities and to develop students who emerge as leaders with competence, conscience, and compassion by providing them with a solid education and high ethical and professional standard. Strategies employed by the University help students to mould academically empowered and job-ready professionals in different fields in society or industry. It also helps universities to contribute to the national building by developing a pool of trained human resources in various fields and allowing them to build and promote a more humane, just, and sustainable world for the future generation. Originality: A case study of analysing strategy development and deployment process in a University. Type of the Paper: Case Study & Analysis. | 252732551 |
4,508,221 | The Prevalence of Anisometropia in Population Base Study Purpose: To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and its determinants in the population of Mashhad. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2008, 4453 residents of Mashhad city between the ages of 1 and 90 years were selected using stratified cluster sampling, of which 70.4% participated in the study. All respondents had visual acuity and refraction testing. Anisometropia was defined as the absolute interocular difference in the spherical equivalent based on non-cycloplegic refraction. The prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of anisometropia were determined based on cut points of 0.5 diopter (D), 1.0 D, and 2.0 D or more, and we used the 1.0 D cut point to examine associations. Results: After applying exclusion criteria, data from 2947 participants were used in the analyses. Based on cut points of 0.5 D, 1.0 D, and 2.0 D or more, the prevalence of anisometropia was 17.0% (n = 451) (95% CI, 15.1–18.8), 5.6% (n = 148) (95% CI, 4.6–6.6), and 1.7% (n = 50) (95% CI, 1.2–2.2), respectively. The odds of anisometropia showed a significant increase of 2.8% with every year of aging (P < 0.001); 2.6% and 2.8% were anisomyopic and anisohyperopic, respectively. The prevalence of anisometropia was directly associated with myopia (P < 0.001) as well as a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.001). The prevalence of anisoastigmatism was 5.6% and significantly increased with age (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of anisometropia in the studied population, compared to studies conducted in the Middle Eastern Region and | 25496501 |
4,508,222 | East Asia, is in the midrange. The prevalence of anisometropia is higher at older age, however, children should receive more attention due to the risk of amblyopia. A history of ocular trauma is a risk factor for anisometropia. | 25496501 |
4,508,223 | Limitation of lower limb VO(2) during cycling exercise in COPD patients. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually stop exercise before reaching physiological limits in terms of O(2) delivery and extraction. A plateau in lower limb O(2) uptake (VO(2)) and blood flow occurs despite progression of the imposed workload during cycling in some patients with COPD, suggesting that maximal capacity to transport O(2) had been reached and that it had been extracted in the peripheral exercising muscles. This study addresses this observation. Symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise was performed by 14 men [62 +/- 11 (SD) yr] with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s = 35 +/- 7% of predicted value). Leg blood flow was measured at each exercise step with a thermodilution catheter inserted in the femoral vein. This value was multiplied by two to account for both working legs (Q(LEGS)). Arterial and femoral venous blood was sampled at each exercise step to measure blood gases. Leg O(2) consumption (VO(2LEGS)) was calculated according to the Fick equation. Total body VO(2) (VO(2TOT)) was measured from expired gas analysis, and tidal volume (VT) and minute ventilation (VE) were derived from the flow signal. In eight patients, VO(2LEGS) kept increasing in parallel with VO(2TOT) as external work rate was increasing. In six subjects, a plateau in VO(2LEGS) and Q(LEGS) occurred during exercise (increment of <3% between 2 consecutive increasing workloads) despite the increase in workload and VO(2TOT) [corresponding mean was 110 +/- 38 ml (11 +/- 4%)]. These six patients also exhibited a plateau in O(2) | 38141671 |
4,508,224 | extraction during exercise. Peak exercise work rate was higher in the eight patients without a plateau than in the six with a plateau (51 +/- 10 vs. 40 +/- 13 W, P = 0.043). VT, VE, and dyspnea were significantly greater at submaximal exercise in patients of the plateau group compared with those of the nonplateau group. These results show that, in some patients with COPD, blood flow directed to peripheral muscles and O(2) extraction during exercise may be limited. We speculate that redistribution of cardiac output and O(2) from the lower limb exercising muscles to the ventilatory muscles is a possible mechanism. | 38141671 |
4,508,225 | On Validity of Sentiment Analysis Scores and Development of Classification Model for Student-Lecturer Comments Using Weight-based Approach and Deep Learning In this paper, a novel state-of-art classification method was presented for student-lecturer comment classification. Tf-Idf was used to assign weights for each word and several different ANN structures were tested. A large dataset, 52571 comments, was used during training. The results show that developed models clearly overperformed existing classification models in this field. 97% of prediction accuracy was achieved on 3-class dataset, while the prediction accuracy for 5-class dataset was 92%. | 222178121 |
4,508,226 | FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION FOR ROTATIONAL PARTS TAKING 3D DATA FILES AS INPUT ABSTRACT Feature extraction and classification is considered as the bridge between Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP). This paper proposes a method that can extract and classify turning (including symmetric and non-symmetric) and non-turning features that are concave, convex, or complex for rotational parts taking a 3D data file as input. In addition, feature interactions are also taken into consideration in this methodology. The proposed feature extraction and classification method consists of three basic procedures. The first procedure extracts concave, convex and complex features from a 3D CAD data file. The second procedure classifies the extracted features. The third procedure merges and decomposes extracted features. Two sample application descriptions are presented for demonstration purposes. The system has been implemented in C on a PC-based system. | 17980471 |
4,508,227 | WE-AB-209-08: Novel Beam-Specific Adaptive Margins for Reducing Organ-At-Risk Doses. PURPOSE Current practice of using 3D margins in radiotherapy with high-energy photon beams provides larger-than-required target coverage. According to the photon depth-dose curve, target displacements in beam direction result in minute changes in dose delivered. We exploit this behavior by generating margins on a per-beam basis which simultaneously account for the relative distance of the target and adjacent organs-at-risk (OARs). METHODS For each beam, we consider only geometrical uncertainties of the target location perpendicular to beam direction. By weighting voxels based on its proximity to an OAR, we generate adaptive margins that yield similar overall target coverage probability and reduced OAR dose-burden, at the expense of increased target volume. Three IMRT plans, using 3D margins and 2D per-beam margins with and without adaptation, were generated for five prostate patients with a prescription dose Dpres of 78Gy in 2Gy fractions using identical optimisation constraints. Systematic uncertainties of 1.1, 1.1, 1.5mm in the LR, SI, and AP directions, respectively, and 0.9, 1.1, 1.0mm for the random uncertainties, were assumed. A verification tool was employed to simulate the effects of systematic and random errors using a population size of 50,000. The fraction of the population that satisfies or violates a given DVH constraint was used for comparison. RESULTS We observe similar target coverage across all plans, with at least 97.5% of the population meeting the D98%>95%Dpres constraint. When looking at the probability of the population receiving D5<70Gy for the rectum, we observed median absolute increases of 23.61% (range, 2.15%-27.85%) and | 27898721 |
4,508,228 | 6.97% (range, 0.65%-17.76%) using per-beam margins with and without adaptation, respectively, relative to using 3D margins. CONCLUSION We observed sufficient and similar target coverage using per-beam margins. By adapting each per-beam margin away from an OAR, we can further reduce OAR dose without significantly lowering target coverage probability by irradiating more less-important tissues. This work is supported by Cancer Research UK under Programme C33589/A19908. Research at ICR is also supported by Cancer Research UK under Programme C33589/A19727 and NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at RMH and ICR. | 27898721 |
4,508,229 | 120918 , a P-Glycoprotein Modulator , Increases the Concentration of Unbound Amprenavir in the Central Nervous System in Rats GF120918, a P-Glycoprotein Modulator, Increases the Concentration of Unbound Amprenavir in the Central Nervous System in Rats Jeffrey E. Edwards, Kenneth R. Brouwer, and Patrick J. McNamara* Graduate Center for Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, and Bioanalysis and Drug Metabolism, Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina | 37143321 |
4,508,230 | Neutron Polarization Measurements Using the Pulsed-Polarized Proton and Deuteron Beams at TUNL Nanosecond wide pulses of polarized protons or deuterons at a repetition rate of 4 MHz are now routinely available for studying interactions involving outgoing neutrons. Up to 90 nA of protons and 200 nA of deuterons have been observed on target. Our first experiments involved the determination of the analyzing power Ay(¿) for a few (p,n) and (d,n) reactions using conventional neutron time-of-flight detection. A major program for observing polarization effects in neutron elastic scattering has been initiated. The source of polarized neutrons for this program is the 2H(d,n) 3He reaction which yields a neutron beam having 90% of the polarization of the incident deuterons. | 39639221 |
4,508,231 | Manganese Oxide Coated Carbon Materials as Hybrid Catalysts for the Application in Primary Aqueous Metal-Air Batteries Abstract: One of the major challenges of metal-air batteries is the impeded oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) during discharge occurring at the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) of the battery. Due to theimpeded ORR, high overpotentials emerge and result in a loss of energy efficiency. In order toimprove the latter, suitable catalysts have to be employed. Transition metal oxides like manganeseoxides (e.g., MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , Mn 5 O 8 , MnOOH) [1,2] are known as good and inexpensivematerials for the ORR in alkaline media. A drawback of manganese oxide catalysts is the poorelectrical conductivity. Hence, the approach presented in this work aims to enhance the catalyticactivity of Mn 3 O 4 and –MnO 2 by the incorporation of conductive carbon material into the puremanganese oxide. The resulting hybrid catalysts are prepared either by impregnation of Super C 65,Vulcan XC 72, and Kuraray YP 50F via a sol-gel technique employing a MnO 2 precursor sol or bydirect precipitation of Mn 3 O 4 or –MnO | 1526171 |
4,508,232 | Time-scaling of sinusoids for intelligent jitter buffer in packet based telephony Two packet loss combating schemes for voice over packet switched networks are studied. The methods are based on time-scaling performed directly on the parameters of a harmonic sinusoidal speech model and are implemented at the receiving end only. Subjective listening tests show promising results indicating the potential of sinusoidal coding schemes for voice-over-IP (VoIP). | 60480471 |
4,508,233 | Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the smooth muscles of isolated guinea pig gallbladder. Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the smooth muscles of isolated guinea pig gallbladder were investigated. TM-906 inhibited the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation (5 Hz) and to acetylcholine (3 X 10(-8) g/ml) to the same extent, both of which produced much the same amplitude of contraction. TM-906 noncompetitively antagonized the contractile response to methacholine, and it caused a parallel shift of dose-response curves for the contractile response to CaCl2 to higher concentrations. Moreover, TM-906 inhibited the contractile response to 50 mM KCl in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, TM-906 itself evoked a slight contractile response in a dose-dependent manner. The contractile response induced by TM-906 was prevented by exposure to Ca++-free solution, but not by tetrodotoxin or atropine. From these results, it was suggested that TM-906 inhibited the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation, acetylcholine, methacholine and 50 mM KCl by reducing the influx of calcium ion across the cell membrane, while it was assumed that TM-906 itself evoked a slight contractile response by increasing in some way the concentration of the intracellular free calcium ion available for the contractile systems. | 25712021 |
4,508,234 | Machine learning-based mobile threat monitoring and detection Mobile device security must keep up with the increasing demand of mobile users. Smartphones are every day becoming connected to more devices and services, interacting with the growing Internet of things. Every new service, and connection, creates a new pathway for intrusion and data theft. Each intrusion can yield further opportunities for breaches of corporate and enterprise infrastructure, and significant cost. In our study, we propose a mobile security platform that combines our developed security web server, analysis module, and Android OS application, with the Google Cloud Messaging service for queued and targeted device messaging. In the cloud, the developed LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) server sends, receives, and stores data from a connected device via the corresponding Android OS application. The data consists of system information for device identification, and application data to be distributed to the analysis module for malicious content to be extracted and identified. The analysis module, utilizing the Weka software, performs both static and dynamic analyses to detect Android malware, simultaneously providing rapid and intuitive security with predictive capabilities. The server additionally provides device status visualization and manual security operations. | 9571871 |
4,508,235 | Continuing developments with the automated platelet count 1 The four main procedures for platelet counting are: manual phase contrast microscopy, impedance, optical light scatter/fluorescence and flow cytometry. Early methods to enumerate platelets were inaccurate and irreproducible. The manual count is still recognized as the gold standard or reference method, and until very recently the calibration of platelet counts by the manufacturers of automated cell counters and quality control material was performed by this method. However, it is time‐consuming and results in high levels of imprecision. The introduction of automated full blood counters using impedance technology resulted in a dramatic improvement in precision. However, impedance counts still have limitations as cell size analysis cannot discriminate platelets from other similar‐sized particles. More recently, light scatter or fluorescence methods have been introduced for automated platelet counting, but there are still occasional cases where an accurate platelet count remains a challenge. Thus, there has been interest in the development of an improved reference procedure to enable optimization of automated platelet counting. This method utilizes monoclonal antibodies to platelet cell surface antigens conjugated to a suitable fluorophore. This permits the possible implementation of a new reference method to calibrate cell counters, assign values to calibrators, and to obtain a direct platelet count on a variety of pathological samples. In future, analysers may introduce additional platelet parameters; a reliable method to quantify immature or reticulated platelets would be useful. | 25510921 |
4,508,236 | A mandatory student health insurance program at a large state university. Abstract A new compulsory-with-waiver health insurance plan at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUN-YAB) was designed in 1976 after assessing available literature on students' insurance, morbidity, health care costs, attitudes, data from past SUNYAB insurance plans and health service statistics. Previous findings that the morbidity of this population is low is corroborated by the data available on the students considered within this project. Illnesses common to this age group are predominantly acute, and require a low rate of hospitalization. The new insurance program cost an unmarried single student $67.00 and was a success by several criteria. Approximately 5,000 more students were enrolled in the complusory plan than in the previous voluntary one. Among students interviewed, both those who enrolled and those who did not, felt that the idea of compulsory health insurance for students was a good idea. Virtually all full-time students in the university were covered by some health insurance. | 10095021 |
4,508,237 | Galectin-7 Impairs Placentation and Causes Preeclampsia Features in Mice Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-induced disorder unique to humans. The etiology of preeclampsia is poorly understood; however, poor placental formation is thought causal. Galectin-7 is produced by trophoblast and is elevated in first-trimester serum of women who subsequently develop preeclampsia. We hypothesized that elevated placental galectin-7 may be causative of preeclampsia. Here, we demonstrated increased galectin-7 production in chorionic villous samples from women who subsequently develop preterm preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. In vitro, galectin-7 impaired human first-trimester trophoblast outgrowth, increased placental production of the antiangiogenic sFlt-1 splice variant, sFlt-1-e15a, and reduced placental production and secretion of ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase12) and angiotensinogen. In vivo, galectin-7 administration (E8–E12) to pregnant mice caused elevated systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, impaired placentation (reduced labyrinth vascular branching, impaired decidual spiral artery remodeling, and a proinflammatory placental state demonstrated by elevated IL1β, IL6 and reduced IL10), and dysregulated expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the placenta, decidua, and kidney, including angiotensinogen, prorenin, and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Collectively, this study demonstrates that elevated galectin-7 during placental formation contributes to abnormal placentation and suggests that it leads to the development of preeclampsia via altering placental production of sFlt-1 and renin-angiotensin system components. Targeting galectin-7 may be a new treatment option for preeclampsia. | 221382371 |
4,508,238 | Simulation of the interaction of a high energy laser beam with the sea surface in the short wavelength infrared. The knowledge of the interaction of a high energy laser beam with a dynamic sea surface is of great practical interest in maritime environments. The components transmitted into the sea and reflected at the sea surface have to be considered. The calculation of energy transfer into the sea is fundamental to the prediction of upper-ocean heating and temperature-dependent optical properties of the sea, which in turn influence its reflectance characteristics. In addition, the spatial energy (or power) distribution of the laser beam reflected at the dynamic sea surface is also of high significance. For the estimation of the laser light energy reflected into a specific spatial direction, several parameters need to be considered, e.g., wind speed, wind direction, and fetch. The calculated amount of light energy reflected into a specific direction varies statistically and depends largely on the dynamics of the wavy sea surface. A 3D simulation of a dynamic sea surface is presented interacting with a high energy laser beam in the short wavelength infrared spectral band. The simulation computes the upper-ocean heating, the temperature-dependent Fresnel reflectances, and the absorption in seawater considering the laser geometric configuration. For the reflectance calculations, a bistatic configuration of the laser source and receiver is regarded, where the receiver positions are on a virtual hemisphere having the laser spot center as the center point. The specular reflection of the laser beam at the sea surface is modeled by an analytical | 207814721 |
4,508,239 | statistical bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the sea surface. The simulation is restricted to sea surfaces heated to the boiling point to avoid complex phase transition effects between water and gas. For a high energy laser beam focused on a small laser spot on the evolving wavy sea surface, the maximum expected reflected laser power is calculated for the specular forward- and back-reflection direction for glints. The probability of occurrence and temporal occurrence of those glint events is estimated for both directions. | 207814721 |
4,508,240 | Biological Effects of the Herbal Plant-Derived Phytoestrogen Bavachin in Primary Rat Chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the anabolic and anticatabolic functions of bavachin in primary rat chondrocytes. With bavachin treatment, chondrocytes survived for 21 d without cell proliferation, and the proteoglycan content and extracellular matrix increased. Short-term monolayer culture of chondrocytes showed that gene induction of both aggrecan and collagen type II, major extracellular matrix components, was significantly upregulated by bavachin. The expression and activities of cartilage-degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs were inhibited significantly by bavachin, while tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease were significantly upregulated. Bavachin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a representative catabolic factor, and downregulated the expression of nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2 in a dose-dependent manner in chondrocytes. Our results suggest that the bavachin has anabolic and potent anticatabolic biological effects on chondrocytes, which may have considerable promise in treating articular cartilage degeneration in the future. | 36126071 |
4,508,241 | Submitted to the Annals of Statistics THE BERNSTEIN – VON MISES THEOREM FOR NON-REGULAR GENERALISED LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS We consider a broad class of nonlinear statistical inverse problems from a Bayesian perspective. This provides a flexible and interpretable framework for their analysis, but it is important to understand the relationship between the chosen Bayesian model and the resulting solution, especially in the ill-posed case where in the absence of prior information the solution is not unique. Following earlier work about consistency of the posterior distribution of the reconstruction, we obtain approximations to the posterior distribution in the form of a Bernstein–von Mises theorem for nonregular Bayesian models. Emission tomography is taken as a canonical example for study, but our results hold for a wider class of generalised linear models with constraints. | 15464471 |
4,508,242 | Design of a Smart Net Metering Controller for the Dual Axis Photovoltaic System with Energy Management System The use of solar energy has become more prevalent as years passed by. Nowadays, installations of photovoltaic modules are done in residential households to help the consumers to save energy and cut expenses. This study aims to design a smart net metering controller for a dual axis photovoltaic system with energy management capabilities. Using a smart controller which is responsible for the dual-axis solar tracking system that rotates from the x and y axis through detection of light using four light dependent resistors (LDR) to locate the position where the sunlight is more extensive for greater solar power generation. It is also responsible for the energy management system which displays the voltage, current and power on a graphical user interface (GUI) and the data that was measured is transferred wirelessly through a Bluetooth device. | 115153021 |
4,508,243 | Analysis of Financial Ratios For Financial Distress conditions in Manufacturing Companies Bankruptcy does not just happen, but starts from financial difficulties and liquidation, which is commonly referred to as a financial distress. In predicting financial distress, measurements can be made with certain ratios. This study aims to examine the role of financial ratios in predicting financial distress. The sample consists of 24 manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used are the 2013-2016 financial statements. The 2015-2016 financial reports are used as determinants of financial distress, and the 2013-2014 reports are the data processed in this study. Logistic regression is an analytical tool used to test hypotheses. In this case, the financial ratios of the Altman model and the financial ratios of cash flows will be used to predict the company's financial distress. The results of this study indicate that the ratio of EBITTA, WCTA, RETA, CFOTA has a significant negative effect in predicting financial distress. Meanwhile, the MVETL and SATA financial ratios have no effect in predicting the company's financial distress. The classification power of prediction accuracy in this research model is 83.3%. | 234585821 |
4,508,244 | Liposuction surgery under local anesthesia: limited blood loss and minimal lidocaine absorption. A large volume of lidocaine with epinephrine can be administered in dilute concentrations into the subcutaneous space, resulting in minimal blood lidocaine levels. This allows large-volume, multiple-area liposuction to be done painlessly under local anesthesia with only oral and intramuscular sedation and analgesia. Other advantages include minimal blood loss, decreased patient morbidity and expense, and elimination of the risks of general anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia/sedation. | 27037671 |
4,508,245 | Origin and migration of cushion tissue in the developing heart. The origin of cushion tissue mesenchyme in the developing chick heart was investigated by three basic methods: use of an inert metabolic marker; time lapse recording of organ-cultured heart regions; and scanning stereo-microscopy. All three approaches support the hypothesis that the endocardium is the progenitor of cushion tissue mesenchyme. Additional observations show a cell:matrix interaction by the endocardium prior to the formation of mesenchyme. It is postulated that this activity in some manner alters the underlying matrix and helps to initiate and maintain migratory activity of the mesenchyme. | 27798321 |
4,508,246 | Anisotropic Turbulence in Two-dimensional Electron Magnetohydrodynamics Spectral anisotropy within decaying incompressible electron magnetohydrodynamics turbulence is investigated by two-dimensional fluid simulations. An initially isotropic turbulent spectrum exhibits anisotropy in the spectral cascade because of the presence of a self-consistent large-scale or an externally imposed magnetic field. Our simulations show that the anisotropy scales linearly with the strength of the ambient magnetic field. The linear scaling of the anisotropic spectral cascades appears to be rather generic as turbulent excitation scales larger than kde < 1 as well as those smaller than kde > 1, the collisionless electron inertial or skin depth length scale (de), follow a similar trend. | 123013221 |
4,508,247 | Blood safety and zoonotic emerging pathogens: now it's the turn of Zika virus! Zika virus is a flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae, which derives its name from the Zika forest in Uganda where it was initially identified in 1947 in the Rhesus macaque population1,2. Like other viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors (e.g., West Nile, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses), in the great majority of cases Zika virus infection causes an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic flu-like disease3–5. There are essentially two reasons for the growing interest from health authorities and the scientific community towards this emerging viral infection. The first is that Zika virus infection is not confined only to limited areas of Africa 6,7, since major outbreaks have recently been recorded in different areas of the world, including Asia, Oceania, and South America, thus shifting interest in this arbovirus from a local to a global level. Such epidemics have been made possible by the rapidly increasing, worldwide diffusion of Aedes mosquito species, the main vector of Zika virus7. The second reason, which is related to the first, is that the blood-borne transmission of this pathogen raises major concerns regarding the safety of blood donations and transfusions in those geographical areas characterised by a potential widespread circulation of the virus (and its vector)8. For these reasons, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)9 and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Controls (ECDC)10 have recently issued a bulletin to alert their national health and blood safety authorities about this still poorly recognised viral infection. All these aspects of Zika | 35687121 |
4,508,248 | virus infection (i.e., epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical manifestations) are addressed in a comprehensive and updated review published in this issue of Blood Transfusion by Marano and Colleagues11. The section dedicated to the preventive strategies towards Zika virus infection played out in different countries according to the epidemiology of this arbovirus is particularly interesting. Correctly, the authors identified close cooperation between veterinary and transfusion medicine specialists as being among the key strategies for implementing effective entomological and human surveillance systems. As documented by the recent alert from the Italian Ministry of Health12, the issue of Zika virus infection is really topical and of potential concern even to Italy10, because of the recent Universal Exposition (Expo Milan 2015). It is estimated that, by its closure, this event will have attracted and concentrated approximately 20 million visitors from many countries to a limited geographical area characterised by the widespread diffusion of Aedes albopictus, also known as the tiger mosquito. Finally, the very recent report of a case of Zika virus infection in an Italian traveller returning from Brazil13 teaches us that the risk of this infection is far from theoretical in Italy and that this arbovirus, like West Nile and Chikungunya viruses, could rapidly become a real threat to the national blood safety. | 35687121 |
4,508,249 | An application of the virtual reference feedback tuning for an MIMO process This paper provides an application of the virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) method to a process control. The VRFT method is a direct method which determines parameters of a feedback controller using a set of input and output data of a plant. Originally, the VRFT method is presented for a design of a single-input single-output control system. In this paper, the VRFT method is applied for a design of a multi-input multi-output system. Experimental test is carried out and test results show availability of the VRFT method. | 28169071 |
4,508,250 | Integrated framework of IDEF modelling methods for structured design of shop floor control systems The information architecture for a shop floor controller provides the accurate and relevant data in an appropriate format. The information architecture is built by specifying the information requirements and by defining the information handling mechanism. The objective of the paper is to capture and specify the information requirements of workstation and machine controllers for hierarchical shop floor control in a discrete part manufacturing system. The information contents managed by the workstation and machine controllers are identified through IDEF0 function modelling activities. The IDEF0 function modelling method is used in order to guarantee the complete capture of the required information contents. Once being captured through inputs, outputs, controls and mechanisms of the function model, they are classified into two categories: Message and stored data. The flow models and specifications of the identified messages are presented using a variant IDEF3 process modelling method. Since the sequence of t... | 5606721 |
4,508,251 | Classroom Management Approach of STE Science Teachers in Region 1 Philippines Current researches indicate that what teacher does in the classroom significantly influence learning and one of which is classroom management. This study aimed to determine the classroom management approach of STE science teachers in Region 1, Philippines. Further, this study will also look on the influence of demographic profile on the classroom management approach; this includes sex, age, position and length of service. This will help in providing an environment that is more conducive for learning. The findings of this study will also be a baseline data for future studies and may contribute to the scarcity of demographic studies on classroom management. This study used descriptive quantitative design. This study used total enumeration with 113 respondents. Analysis of data includes: frequency, percentage, Pearson chi-square, point-biserial and Kendall tau-b. It revealed that most (70.8%) STE science teachers employ student-centered classroom management approach; Pearson chi-square yielded (X (1), is 0.049 p= 0.824) in terms of sex, in terms of age Point-biserial score yielded (rpb,= 0.116, p= 0.220), in terms of position, Kendall tau-b test revealed (Tb= 0.140, p= 0.104) and in terms of length of service point-biserial score yielded (rpb,= 0.116, p= 0.220), all this revealed that there is there is no significant association and relationship. In light of the results of this study, the following are concluded: most STE science teachers are able to adapt and employ the advocacy of DepEd in employing cooperative learning through student-centered classroom management approach. Moreover classroom management approach of STE | 66160021 |
4,508,252 | science teachers is not affected by their sex, age, position and length of service. | 66160021 |
4,508,253 | Correlation between Gas Bubble Formation and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics at Nanoelectrodes. We report the correlation between H2 gas bubble formation potential and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity for Au and Pt nanodisk electrodes (NEs). Microkinetic models were formulated to obtain the HER kinetic information for individual Au and Pt NEs. We found that the rate-determining steps for the HER at Au and Pt NEs were the Volmer step and the Heyrovsky step, respectively. More interestingly, the standard rate constant ( k0) of the rate-determining step was found to vary over 2 orders of magnitude for the same type of NEs. The observed variations indicate the HER activity heterogeneity at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we discovered a linear relationship between bubble formation potential ( Ebubble) and log( k0) with a slope of 125 mV/decade for both Au and Pt NEs. As log ( k0) increases, Ebubble shifts linearly to more positive potentials, meaning NEs with higher HER activities form H2 bubbles at less negative potentials. Our theoretical model suggests that such linear relationship is caused by the similar critical bubble formation condition for Au and Pt NEs with varied sizes. Our results have potential implications for using gas bubble formation to evaluate the HER activity distribution of nanoparticles in an ensemble. | 4877671 |
4,508,254 | Environmental consultancy: dancing bee bioindicators to evaluate landscape “health” Here we explore how waggle dance decoding may be applied as a tool for ecology by evaluating the benefits and limitations of the methodology compared to other existing ways to evaluate the honey bees’ use of the landscape. The honey bee foragers sample and “report” back on large areas (c. 100km2). Because honey bees perform dances only for the most profitable resources, these data provide spatial information about the availability of good quality forage for any given time. We argue that dance decoding provides information for a wide range of ecological, conservation, and land management issues. In this way, one species and methodology gives us a novel measure of a landscape’s profitability and “health” that may be widely relevant, not just for honey bees, but for other flower-visiting insects as well. | 15114371 |
4,508,255 | [Deafness, induced by sodium ethacrynate in guinea pigs, alleviated by microwave treatment]. Microwave is used to treat temporal hearing loss caused by intravenous injection of the ethacrynic acid in guinea pigs. The recovery of hearing is much faster in the treated groups than in the control group. The article proposes possible mechanism of the effects against the ethacrynic acid induced deafness and assume that the result of this research can provide an experimental basis for treatment of some perceptive deafness due to ischemia of stria vascularis of the cochlea. | 36806071 |
4,508,256 | Optically orthogonal CDMA system performance with optical amplifier and photodetector noise The effect of photodetector and erbium-doped fiber amplifier noise, together with coupler splitting and intrinsic losses, on the performance of an incoherent optical code-division multiple-access star network using optically orthogonal codes is studied using the bit-error probability as the performance metric. It is shown that the system performance is extremely sensitive to the parameter settings, such as amplifier gain and detector threshold that can have a much greater impact on system performance than the effect of the noise. | 37528021 |
4,508,257 | Graph Grammar Encoding and Evolution of Automata Networks The global dynamics of automata networks (such as neural networks) are a function of their topology and the choice of automata used. Evolutionary methods can be applied to the optimisation of these parameters, but their computational cost is prohibitive unless they operate on a compact representation. Graph grammars provide such a representation by allowing network regularities to be efficiently captured and reused. We present a system for encoding and evolving automata networks as collective hypergraph grammars, and demonstrate its efficacy on the classical problems of symbolic regression and the design of neural network architectures. | 10026971 |
4,508,258 | Husbands' and wives' marital quality: The role of adult attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, and conflict resolution behaviors Although previous research has examined the role of adult attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, and conflict resolution behaviors (attacking and compromising) in marital quality, these variables have typically been considered separately. In the present study, these attributes were examined together in a community sample of 64 married couples. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations among the study variables and generally supported the hypothesized relations. When a regression series was applied to the data in order to examine indirect links between husbands' and wives' attachment orientations and their marital satisfaction, results provided some support for mediation; husbands' conflict resolution behaviors partially mediated the association between husbands' depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction. Interestingly, wives' conflict resolution behaviors did not mediate the association between wives' depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction. Instead, a different pattern was found; wives' conflict resolution behaviors partially mediated the association between wives' attachment anxiety and marital satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of considering husbands' and wives' attributes separately and suggest directions for future research on this topic. | 8330321 |
4,508,259 | Notes from the field: Emotions of place in the production and interpretation of text Focusing on the emotions generated by place, this paper describes a journey of emotional reactions to place, emotional reflection around cultural difference, followed by later reflection and reassessment. It is argued that the use of emotions as data can provide a mirror through which the taken for granteds of the researcher can be made visible. An example is given of the way that the concept of distance and the intersectionality of emotion, time and space as a confluence of culture and subject positions, can be used to operationalize emotions as data. | 146488421 |
4,508,260 | A Novel SFN Broadcast Services Selection Mechanism in Wireless Cellular Networks Single frequency networks (SFN) broadcast is an efficient method to provide broadcast services in cellular networks. How to select broadcast services by the SFN operation to trade off between the occupied bandwidth and the SFN performance including spectrum efficiency and broadcast service continuity is a new problem. To the best of our knowledge no solutions have been proposed to solve this problem so far in the literature. We define the problem of SFN broadcast services selection as a knapsack problem and solve it to minimize the occupied bandwidth while at the same time guaranteeing the SFN performance. Based on the solution, several SFN broadcast services selection algorithms are proposed which vary in the reselection policy. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithms are applicable to different cases with different system requirements and in particular, that the semi-dynamic-SFN broadcast services selection algorithm is an efficient solution in general. | 16346171 |
4,508,261 | Tuning to non‐symbolic proportions in the human frontoparietal cortex Humans share with many species a non‐verbal system to estimate absolute quantity. This sense of number has been linked to the activity of quantity‐selective neurons that respond maximally to preferred numerosities. With functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation, we now show that populations of neurons in the human parietal and frontal cortex are also capable of encoding quantity ratios, or proportions, using the same non‐verbal analog code as for absolute number. Following adaptation to visually presented constant proportions (specified by the ratio of line lengths or numerosities), we introduced novel relative magnitudes to examine the tuning characteristics of the population of stimulated neurons. In bilateral parietal and frontal cortex we found that blood oxygenation level‐dependent signal recovery from adaptation was a function of numerical distance between the deviant proportion and the adaptation stimulus. The strongest effects were observed in the cortex surrounding the anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region considered pivotal for the processing of absolute magnitudes. Overall, there was substantial overlap of frontoparietal structures representing whole numbers and proportions. The identification of tuning to non‐symbolic ratio stimuli, irrespective of notation, adds to the magnitude system a remarkable level of sophistication by demonstrating automatic access to a composite, derived quantitative measure. Our results argue that abstract concepts of both absolute and relative number are deeply rooted in the primate brain as fundamental determinants of higher‐level numerical cognition. | 18242271 |
4,508,262 | Trading Data Size and CNN Confidence Score for Energy Efficient CPS Node Communications In a context of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), energy-efficiency is a critical factor to achieve long operational life-time. The constraint of using battery-powered devices adds degrees of complexity, especially in a hard to reach environment with scarce network and energy resources. The reporting of data consumes large amount of energy, reducing the life-time of both individual nodes and the CPS as a whole. One way to reduce the energy cost of communication is to reduce the number of Bits to transmit. However, this is a viable approach only if the transmitted data remain suitable for further analysis.In this paper, we report on the effect of reducing the image dimensions on the confidence score computed by a convolutional neural network (CNN) determining the species of animals present in images. We also report on the energy consumption of transmitting full vs. reduced dimensions of images. CPS devices and CNNs developed by the Distributed Arctic Observatory (DAO) project are used as experimental platforms.The results show that the energy needed to report the images can be reduced by up to 98% while only reducing the average confidence of determining the species correctly by 0.10%. | 220606771 |
4,508,263 | Novel PWM-VSI fed brushless three-phase synchronous motor A description is given of a novel brushless stator DC-excited synchronous motor without a rotating AC exciter. The DC-exciting winding, having pole numbers different from that of the main three-phase winding, is incorporated in the stator. The rotor circuit consists of field coils short-circuited with diodes. The principle together with analytical and experimental studies of the PWM-inverter-fed brushless synchronous motor is explained. It is found that the power factor of the motor can be easily controlled by adjusting the stator DC current.<<ETX>> | 28627521 |
4,508,264 | In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of immune cells in the central nervous system with superparamagnetic antibodies We developed a novel MRI technique to image immune cell location and homing in vivo to the central nervous system (CNS). Superparamagnetic antibodies specific for cell surface markers allowed imaging of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Mac1+ cells in the CNS of mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Superparamagnetic antibodies have excellent T2, T2∗, and good T1 relaxation properties, which makes them ideal MRI contrast materials. Immunohistochemistry of corresponding sections confirmed the specificity of the technique to detect immune cell types in the CNS. This powerful technique has potential to image any cell with unique surface antigens. Because superparamagnetic antibodies similar to those used in the study are approved for human use, the in vivo MRI technique we have described could be developed for human use. | 40135121 |
4,508,265 | Generating value from infrastructure investments: an examination of client-server teams As one way to increase IS's contribution to their firms' business value, IS executives are introducing IT infrastructure changes in their organizations. Because the impact of these changes is difficult to -measure, it is unclear whether specific initiatives do, in fact, generate value. Furthermore, the conditions that must exist in order for them to result in anticipated benefits are unknown. This study examines two infrastructure initiatives--the implementation of client-server architectures and the adoption of team-based management structures in IS--in order to determine how these changes might result in increased business value. Findings from twelve case studies suggest that firms must attend to partnership, technology architecture and IS skill factors in order to achieve the benefits and avoid the risks of these management initiatives. This research was sponsored by the Advanced Practices Council of SIM International, MIT's Center for Information Systems Research, the Edwin L. Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University, and the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Business. The authors thank Judith Quillard for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. We are indebted to the individuals at our research sites who have so generously contributed their time and insights to this research. Generating Value from Infrastructure Investments: An Examination of Client-Server and Teams INTRODUCTION Stalked by visions of outsourcing and downsizing, IS executives are encountering increased pressure to justify the business value of information technology (IT) investments. Although recent studies across firms indicate that investments in IT have a | 17551471 |
4,508,266 | positive impact on productivity and business value (Brynjolfsson and Hitt, 1993; Weill, 1992), top managers at individual organizations often question the return on their IT dollar (Wilder, 1992). Thus, the challenge facing information systems (IS) executives is to manage IT to generate real value and to make that value apparent throughout the firm. IT can contribute value to organizations by enabling streamlined operations, increasing responsiveness to changing market conditions, and allowing executives to identify strategic opportunities faster. This demands fast, easy access to data as well as timely delivery of new business applications. These capabilities are dependent upon solid IT infrastructures (Niederman, Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1991; Weill, Broadbent and St. Clair, 1994). We define IT infrastructure as those IT assets that are leverageable, or reusable, by more than a single implementation. These include hardware, systems software, development environments, shared data bases, and common applications as well as the human expertise, skills and methodologies that, as they develop, become strategic assets. IS executives are taking a number of approaches to building IT infrastructures (Ross, Beath and Goodhue, 1994). Some of these efforts focus specifically on the technology, such as the implementation of client-server architectures and development of standards and common applications. Others focus specifically on the development of staff skills and expertise, such as the adoption of team structures, new recruiting and training techniques, and the recentralization of IS staff in order to facilitate communication and enforcement of standards. IS executives also manage infrastructure concerns through total quality management initiatives and IS planning processes that are linked | 17551471 |
4,508,267 | to business unit plans. | 17551471 |
4,508,268 | Morphology and self-arraying of SDS and DTAB dried on mica surface. Dewetting phenomena produce interesting patterns that may impart new properties to solid surfaces. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) aqueous solutions, dried on mica surfaces under different drying conditions, undergo dewetting events forming structured deposits that were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). Dry SDS, in most situations, displays long branched stripes formed due to fingering instability, while DTAB undergoes stick-slip motion forming patterns of parallel continuous or split stripes. In both systems, independently of drying conditions, surfactants pack forming lamellar structures, but with different orientations: SDS lamellae are aligned parallel to the substrate whereas DTAB lamellae are normal to the mica plane. Electric potential maps of SDS obtained by KFM show well-defined electrostatic patterns: surfactant layers deposited on mica are overall negative with a larger excess of negative charge in the interlamellar space than in the lamellar faces. | 22303471 |
4,508,269 | Incidence of leukaemia and other cancers in birth and schools cohorts in the Dounreay area. OBJECTIVE--To determine whether a raised incidence of leukaemia in the Dounreay area occurred in children born to local mothers (birth cohort) or in those who moved to the area after birth (schools cohort) and also whether any cases of cancer have occurred in children born near Dounreay who may have moved elsewhere. DESIGN--Follow up study. SETTING--Dounreay area of Caithness, Scotland. SUBJECTS--4144 children born in the area in the period 1969-88 and 1641 children who attended local schools in the same period but who had been born elsewhere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cancer registration records linked to birth and school records with computerised probability matching methods. RESULTS--Five cancer registrations were traced from the birth cohort compared with 5.8 expected on the basis of national rates (observed to expected ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0). All five cases were of leukaemia (2.3, 0.7 to 5.4). In the schools cohort three cases were found (2.1, 0.4 to 6.2), all of which were of leukaemia (6.7, 1.4 to 19.5). All eight children were resident in the Dounreay area at the time of diagnosis; thus no cases were found in children who were born in or had attended school in the study area but who subsequently moved away. CONCLUSION--The raised incidence of leukaemia in both the birth and schools cohorts suggests that place of birth is not a more important factor than place of residence in the series of cases of leukaemia observed near Dounreay area. | 18348871 |
4,508,270 | ONE-PRONG PROBLEM AND RECENT MEASUREMENTS BY THE HRS COLLABORATION We summarize recent measurements by the HRS collaboration of the topological branching fractions, the production cross section, the lifetime, and the rate into electrons of the T lepton. An inconsistency with theoretical expectations persists at the level of two standard deviations. Introduction The study of the production and decay properties of the T lepton is of particular interest in view of the long-standing discrepancy between the inclusive decay branching fraction into one charged particle and the sum of the exclusive one-prong final state. The problem was first noticed by T. Truong’l in 1984 and, despite recent precise measurements of the quantities involved, no convincing solution has emerged. We briefly outline the measurements of the topological branching fractions, production cross section, lifetime and rate into electrons of the 7 lepton by the High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) 11 b co a oration. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 300pb-’ which were collected at a center-of-mass energy 4 = 29 GeV at the PEP e+estorage ring. We summarize the results by comparing the values to theoretical expectations. | 12173521 |
4,508,271 | Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Botrytis cinerea Population from Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, China. Botrytis cinerea (anamorph of Botryotinia fuckeliana) causes gray mold on numerous plants, including kiwifruit. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the Botrytis cinerea population from kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, China. In all, 176 isolates were collected from kiwifruit orchards from eight geographic regions in Sichuan. All isolates were identified as B. cinerea sensu stricto based on the combined datasets, including morphological criteria, determination of the Bc-hch allele, and phylogenetic analysis of the genes RPB2, G3PDH, and HSP60. Three colony types (i.e., sclerotial, mycelial, and conidial) were observed on potato dextrose agar after 2 weeks, with sclerotial isolates, the predominant category, accounting for 40.91%. No obvious differences in microscopic characteristics were observed among the three types. Three genotypes of transposable elements were identified in the B. cinerea population: boty, flipper, and transposa types. The most prevalent genotype from different geographic populations of B. cinerea was transposa; in contrast, the flipper genotype accounted for only 3.98% of the total population, whereas the vacuma genotype was absent. According to MAT locus amplification, 87 and 89 isolates are MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 type, respectively, and the two mating types were found to be balanced overall in the population. Forty-eight representative isolates were all able to cause gray mold to some extent, and disease severities were significantly different between the cultivars Hongyang and Hort16A (P < 0.01). Disease severity was significantly greater on young leaves than on mature leaves | 73467021 |
4,508,272 | (P < 0.01). No significant relationship was found between pathogenicity and geographical region, colony type, or transposon distribution. The results obtained in the present study suggest a relatively uniform species diversity of Botrytis but rich phenotypic and genetic differentiation within the B. cinerea population on kiwifruit in China. Utilizing resistant cultivars and rain-shelter cultivation instead of fungicides may be an effective approach to delaying pathogen variability. | 73467021 |
4,508,273 | SPECT MIBI imaging for cardiac output and index in end stage renal disease To compare cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) with a control group using gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Altered cardiovascular function with increased CO secondary to arterio‐venous fistulas (AVF) for dialysis has been reported in patients with ESRD. Thirty‐two patients (18 with AVF or graft) referred for pre‐renal transplant cardiac assessment using SPECT/CT were studied with 2 comparison groups, 42 normal weight (body mass index<30) and 46 obese (body mass index>30) patients. End‐stage renal disease patients had overall reduced mean hemoglobin 11.6 mg/dL and elevated mean parathyroid hormone of 396 pg/mL. Gated SPECT using MIBI was performed after Bruce protocol apart from 4 renal patients who underwent cardiac stressing with adenosine. Cardiac output was calculated by product of stroke volume and resting heart rate and CI determined. Mean CI was 2.6 L/min/m2 for renal disease group compared with 2.2 and 2.3 L/min/m2 for the normal weight and obese groups, P=0.005 and 0.005 respectively (Wilcoxon's rank test). Cardiac output was increased for the renal group; 4.9 L/min, equal to the obese group but greater than normal weight group at 4.3 L/min. No significant difference in LVEF was seen between the 3 patient groups. No significant difference in CI or output was seen between the renal disease patients with AVF and those without fistulas. Cardiac ouput and CI, assessed using SPECT/CT, are increased in patients with ESRD. This | 26947171 |
4,508,274 | may be independent of the presence of AVF or grafts and other factors such as anemia and hyperparathyroidism may contribute to this high output cardiac function. As LVEF is not increased for these patients, increased heart rate, may also contribute to elevated CO. | 26947171 |
4,508,275 | Finishing apparatus for slide fastener PURPOSE: A finishing apparatus for a slide fastener is provided to have general versatility in which a slider is automatically inserted by only a one-time operation by fingers using a single apparatus. CONSTITUTION: The finishing apparatus includes left and right gripper devices(110) for holding left and right tip side portions of a slide fastener chain, transferring the fastener chain in a longitudinal direction and opening and closing the left and right tip side portions in a Y-axis direction orthogonal to an X-axis direction based on a command sent from operation controller. An electric motor(117) is provided to controllably drive the left and right gripper devices in the X and Y axis direction of the gripper devices. A slider is automatically inserted by only a specified operation using a single device without preparing a special device for all types of fastener chains and sliders. | 196122271 |
4,508,276 | Modified Pearson Model for High-Energy Multi-Charge Implantation and Impurity Activation for Sensor Microsystems The mathematical Gauss and Pearson models, that qualitatively determine the physical processes of ion doping of acceptor (p) and donor (n) impurities, are used for the simulation of silicon submicron large scale integrated (LSI) structures. Such models are the basis of CAD-technology for calculating the concentration profiles of diode and transistor structures. This paper presents a modified Pearson model, which with high accuracy simulates the process of dual multicharge implantation of boron (B+, B++) and phosphorus (P+, P++) ions at the process of the formation of the isotype p+ -p and n+ -n contacts, which at present form the basis of combined drain-source areas of the CMOS submicron high speed structures. | 218563871 |
4,508,277 | Flexibility in thermoregulatory physiology of two dunnarts, Sminthopsis macroura and Sminthopsis ooldea (Marsupialia; Dasyuridae) SUMMARY Stripe-faced dunnarts (Sminthopsis macroura) and Ooldea dunnarts (S. ooldea) were acclimated for 2 weeks to ambient temperature (Ta) regimes of 12–22°C, 18–28°C and 25–35°C, and then measured for standard, basal (BMR) and maximum (MMR) metabolic rate using flow-through respirometry. Sminthopsis macroura maintained a stable body temperature under all experimental Ta and acclimation regimes. Although its BMR was not statistically different between the three acclimation regimes, the lower end of the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) shifted from 30°C under the 18–28°C and 12–22°C acclimation regimes to 35°C under the 25–35°C acclimation regime. MMR increased significantly at the cooler acclimation regimes. EWL increased at Ta=35°C, compared with lower Ta, in all acclimation regimes, but an increase in evaporative water loss (EWL) at Ta=10°C observed in cool acclimations did not occur at the 25–35°C regime. In contrast, S. ooldea had variable body temperature between experimental Ta in all acclimation regimes, but no acclimational shift in TNZ, which was between 30 and 35°C. Neither BMR nor MMR was affected by exposure to the three acclimation regimes. EWL did not change across Ta or with acclimation regime. Sminthopsis macroura was flexible in many aspects of its thermoregulation (involving energy and water balance) in response to thermal acclimation, presumably allowing it to balance its energy and water requirements over a broad range of climatic conditions. Sminthopsis ooldea seems to have an inflexible energetic and water balance in response to thermal acclimation, but has low nominal expenditure of either | 12859271 |
4,508,278 | resource on thermoregulation because it thermoregulates less precisely than S. macroura. It seems that S. ooldea is adapted to a more narrow, stable climate. | 12859271 |
4,508,279 | Joint Processing of Total-field And Gradient Magnetic Data Using Equivalent Sources The use of two to four magnetometers in airborne magnetic surveys is becoming more frequent, allowing for the observation of the total-field as well as its horizontal gradients (Redford, et al., 2006). There are advantages to these data types because of the increased and complementary information content in them. Yet little has been done to take full advantage of these data beyond simple enhancement of the total-field anomaly. As a first step, we have developed an equivalent source processing algorithm by making use of a well-known but little used relationship between the derivative of the total-field with the derivative of its source. Utilizing gradient and totalfield data allows for a constructed susceptibility model for total-field data, constrained by the observed gradients. In this paper, we discuss using gradients in order to construct a more representative dataset through equivalent source processing. The methodology of the joint equivalent source processing technique is presented and a synthetic example is shown. | 17106071 |
4,508,280 | Ventilator-associated pneumonia, liver disease and oral chlorhexldine. As part of the ventilator care bundle, the Department of Health (DH) in the U.K. recommends the use of chlorhexidine (CHX) for oral care to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in all mechanically ventilated patients. Due to the heterogenous nature of this population, however, it is important to consider whether such recommendations are also relevant to specific critical care patient population groups. This article reviews the available scientific evidence on the use of CHX in the prevention of VAP, with a focus on critically ill mechanically ventilated patients who have liver dysfunction. Findings will be discussed with reference to the wider research literature in order to make recommendations for future practice. | 263271 |
4,508,281 | Combining Machine Learning and Crowdsourcing for Better Understanding Commodity Reviews In e-commerce systems, customer reviews are important information for understanding market feedbacks on certain commodities. However, accurate analyzing reviews is challenging due to the complexity of natural language processing and informal descriptions in reviews. Existing methods mainly focus on studying efficient algorithms that cannot guarantee the accuracy for review analysis. Crowdsourcing can improve the accuracy of review analysis while it is subject to extra costs and low response time. In this work, we combine machine learning and crowdsourcing together for better understanding customer reviews. First, we collectively use multiple machine learning algorithms to pre-process review classification. Second, we select the reviews on which all machine learning algorithms cannot agree and assign them to humans to process. Third, the results from machine learning and crowdsourcing are aggregated to be the final analysis results. Finally, we perform real experiments with practical review data to confirm the effectiveness of our method. | 481321 |
4,508,282 | Multimolecule test-tube simulations of protein unfolding and aggregation Molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding or unfolding, unlike most in vitro experimental methods, are performed on a single molecule. The effects of neighboring molecules on the unfolding/folding pathway are largely ignored experimentally and simply not modeled computationally. Here, we present two all-atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of 32 copies of the Engrailed homeodomain (EnHD), an ultrafast-folding and -unfolding protein for which the folding/unfolding pathway is well-characterized. These multimolecule simulations, in comparison with single-molecule simulations and experimental data, show that intermolecular interactions have little effect on the folding/unfolding pathway. EnHD unfolded by the same mechanism whether it was simulated in only water or also in the presence of other EnHD molecules. It populated the same native state, transition state, and folding intermediate in both simulation systems, and was in good agreement with experimental data available for each of the three states. Unfolding was slowed slightly by interactions with neighboring proteins, which were mostly hydrophobic in nature and ultimately caused the proteins to aggregate. Protein–water hydrogen bonds were also replaced with protein–protein hydrogen bonds, additionally contributing to aggregation. Despite the increase in protein–protein interactions, the protein aggregates formed in simulation did not do so at the total exclusion of water. These simulations support the use of single-molecule techniques to study protein unfolding and also provide insight into the types of interactions that occur as proteins aggregate at high temperature at an atomic level. | 23577571 |
4,508,283 | Residential care in Australia, Part II: A review of recent literature and emerging themes to inform service development This is the second of a two-part discussion about the development of residential care services in Australia. It contains a review of some of the recent literature on residential care from Australia, the UK, Canada and the USA. It concludes with a look at the major themes and issues that emerge from this literature as well as the service trends and developments canvassed in Part I. | 56833021 |
4,508,284 | Symbiotic Relationship of Producer Services and Manufacturing Industries in Industry Cluster Recent years, producer services is the hot topic, as well as the main subject which researchers focus on. Producer services has been an important role in developed countries. The paper addresses that in the condition of industry cluster, the relationship of producer services and manufacturing industries is symbiotic based on the analysis of their interaction. And then it gives the theoretic interpretation on the symbiotic relationship which is in industry cluster from different perspectives. The paper takes use of Lorka-Volterra competition equations to construct symbiotic model of producer services and manufacturing industries in industry cluster on the basis of previous analysis, and get relevant conclusions. Keywords-Producer services; Manufacturing industries; Industry cluster; symbiotic | 20554471 |
4,508,285 | Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. I. Increased glucocorticoid receptor levels in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. Recently a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptors in human peripheral lymphocytes has been noted after in vitro mitogen stimulation. Here, we extend these observations to in vivo immunization. After unilateral immunization of adrenalectomized male rats, a 50% increase in glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell, determined by binding of dexamethasone, was observed in cell suspensions of homolateral lymph nodes over those from the contralateral nonimmunized side of the same animal. The association constant for dexamethasone was similar in both groups, as was the stereospecificity for various steroids, the time course of cytoplasmic and nuclear association, and cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation. Despite a 50% increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell, the cells from the homolateral and controlateral lymph nodes were equally sensitive to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone, as determined by measurements of the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein, RNA, and DNA, or measurements of in vitro cell survival. | 12168271 |
4,508,286 | Multiversity of the twenty-first century – examining opportunities for integrating community engagement in planning curricula Abstract This paper examines student-community engagement activity in planning. This is a subset of university–community engagement, and is a point of overlap between such engagement and planning education. Community engagement activity enables students to learn in situ practical skills within live projects, while community partners may benefit from technical knowhow, and labour input. Based on a UK-wide survey and three in-depth case studies, the paper explores the pedagogical designs underpinning community engagement activities involving students, as well as the various capacities in which the different participants – students, instructors and community members – act. The analysis reveals considerable diversity in approaches. An alignment of student engagement activities in the planning curriculum with emerging transformative co-learning models of university-community engagement could offer novel opportunities for the discipline of planning and their impact on communities as well as the fields standing in today’s multiversities. | 54179821 |
4,508,287 | Verapamil therapy: a new approach to the pharmacologic treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. II. Effects on exercise capacity and symptomatic status. Treadmill exercise capacity and symptomatic status were evaluated in 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy while on placebo, low and high dosages of propranolol and low and high dosages of verapamil. Exercise duration on placebo was 6.1 ± 0.8 minutes. Verapamil administration improved exercise capacity by 26 ± 8% (1.6 ± 0.5 minutes; p < 0.005); propranolol improved exercise capacity by 21 ± 8% (1.3 ± 0.5 minutes; p < 0.025). Twelve patients on verapamil and 11 on propranolol improved their exercise duration by at least 15% compared with placebo. No patient on verapamil but three on propranolol had more than 15% deterioration in exercise capacity. Seven patients considered their symptomatic status "best" while | 2610671 |
4,508,288 | Context dependent semantic granularity A fundamental issue to improve the accessibility to information resources is how to efficiently deal with huge amount(s) of data. In this respect, ontology driven techniques are expected to improve the overlap between the Cognitive Space applied by the user and the Information Space, which is defined by the information providers. In this paper we describe a powerful method to extract semantic granularities, which enable the navigation of a repository according to different levels of abstraction. In the formalisation we present, granularities are explicitly parameterised according to criteria induced by the context, which improves the method flexibility. Furthermore, the parameterisation assists the user allowing to formulate and refine the browsing criteria. Case studies are described to demonstrate how granularities ease the information sources browsing and to illustrate how they may vary according to the context. A validation of the cognitive principles behind the method is presented, together with the analysis of the results obtained by the experimentation. | 3034871 |
4,508,289 | Measurement of Secondary Electron Emission Coefficient (γ) of MgO Protective Layer with Various Crystallinities The secondary electron emission coefficient γ of a MgO protective layer with various crystallinities has been successfully measured by the γ-focused ion beam system with complete elimination of the charge accumulation problem by scanning-area adjustment techniques. It is found that the (111) surface has the highest γ from 0.14 to 0.26 in comparison with the other films with (200) and (220) crystallinities for operating Ne+ ions, while ranged from 0.03 to 0.24 for Ar+ ions, under operating ion energies from 50 eV to 500 eV throughout this experiment. These observations explain why the (111) crystallinity of the MgO protective layer plays an important role in lowering the firing voltages in AC plasma display panel compared to the films with other crystallinities. | 96228321 |
4,508,290 | Multiple forms of acid phosphatase in rat secretory enamel organ. Acid phosphatase activity was studied biochemically in homogenates of secretory enamel organs from the rat. Incubations with crude homogenate failed to show distinct pH optima or kinetics characteristic for single enzymes. Crude homogenate activity was strongly inhibited by concentrations higher than 1 mM of NaF and Na-tartrate, and higher than 10 mM of ZnSO4 and para-bromotetramisole oxalate. 10 mM MgCl2 gave a slight stimulation. CaCl2, KCl and EDTA were uneffective. Electrophoretic separation of the crude homogenate acid phosphatase on Triton X-100 containing polyacrylamide gel demonstrated the presence of at least three multiple forms of the enzyme. Two of them showed distinct pH optima at pH 4.4. The third one showed a broad pH plateau in the acid pH range. Kinetic studies of the three forms indicated single enzyme reactions. Two forms had electrophoretic mobilities similar to alkaline phosphatase. One form could be solubilized only after Triton X-100 treatment. All forms were strongly sensitive to 10 mM NaF when added to the reaction mixture. The sensibility to 10 mM ZnSO4, CuSO4, Na-tartrate and para-bromotetramisole oxalate differed between the different forms. | 45848121 |
4,508,291 | An Ominous Blooding? I enjoyed Richard A. Kerr's article about support for punctuated equilibrium (Research News, 10 Mar., p. 1421), but the accompanying headline "Did Darwin get it all right?"-is a bit problematic for those of us who deal regularly with the continuing evolution-creation controversy. It is virtually certain that this headline soon will reappear in creationist literature, accompanied by assertions that Darwin was completely wrong and that evolution theory therefore is bankrupt. It matters not that the article says nothing of the kind, that research on punctuated equilibrium occurs within a solidly Darwinian framework, or that debates about the mode and tempo of evolution demonstrate the nature and methods of science and the differences between science and religion. Creationists will distort the headline to meet their needs. This headline is reminiscent of one from some years back, when Science covered a meeting at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, also devoted to the debate about gradualism and punctuated equilibrium (R. Lewin, Research News, 21 Nov. 1980, p. 887). The headline, "Evolutionary theory under fire," provided a gold mine for subsequent creationist propaganda. I do not propose editorial censorship, but I suggest that a journal representing an organization of some 130,000 scientists be a bit more judicious in its choice of headlines. I realize that such headlines are intended to attract readers, but they should not have the subsidiary effect of providing support for those whose views are antithetical to science and reason. Joseph D. McInermey Director, Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, 5415 Mark Dabling Boulevard, Colorado | 208250121 |
4,508,292 | Springs, CO 80918-3842, USA | 208250121 |
4,508,293 | Yeast Viral Killer Toxin K1 Induces Specific Host Cell Adaptions via Intrinsic Selection Pressure The killer phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on the cytoplasmic persistence of two RNA viruses. In contrast to bacterial toxin producers, killer yeasts necessitate a specific immunity mechanism against their own toxin because they bear the same receptor populations as sensitive cells. Although the killer phenomenon is highly abundant and has a crucial impact on the structure of yeast communities, the influence of a particular toxin on its host cell has been barely addressed. In our study, we used two derivatives secreting different amount of the killer toxin K1 to analyze potential coadaptional events in this particular host/virus system. Our data underline the dependency of the host cell’s ability to cope with extracellular toxin molecules and intracellular K1 molecules provided by the virus. Therefore, this research significantly advances the current understanding of the evolutionarily conserved role of this molecular machinery as an intrinsic selection pressure in yeast populations. ABSTRACT The killer phenomenon in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) not only provides the opportunity to study host-virus interactions in a eukaryotic model but also represents a powerful tool to analyze potential coadaptional events and the role of killer yeast in biological diversity. Although undoubtedly having a crucial impact on the abundance and expression of the killer phenotype in killer-yeast harboring communities, the influence of a particular toxin on its producing host cell has not been addressed sufficiently. In this study, we describe a model system of two K1 killer yeast strains with distinct phenotypical differences | 208813061 |
4,508,294 | pointing to substantial selection pressure in response to the toxin secretion level. Transcriptome and lipidome analyses revealed specific and intrinsic host cell adaptions dependent on the amount of K1 toxin produced. High basal expression of genes coding for osmoprotectants and stress-responsive proteins in a killer yeast strain secreting larger amounts of active K1 toxin implies a generally increased stress tolerance. Moreover, the data suggest that immunity of the host cell against its own toxin is essential for the balanced virus-host interplay providing valuable hints to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying K1 immunity and implicating an evolutionarily conserved role for toxin immunity in natural yeast populations. IMPORTANCE The killer phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on the cytoplasmic persistence of two RNA viruses. In contrast to bacterial toxin producers, killer yeasts necessitate a specific immunity mechanism against their own toxin because they bear the same receptor populations as sensitive cells. Although the killer phenomenon is highly abundant and has a crucial impact on the structure of yeast communities, the influence of a particular toxin on its host cell has been barely addressed. In our study, we used two derivatives secreting different amount of the killer toxin K1 to analyze potential coadaptional events in this particular host/virus system. Our data underline the dependency of the host cell’s ability to cope with extracellular toxin molecules and intracellular K1 molecules provided by the virus. Therefore, this research significantly advances the current understanding of the evolutionarily conserved role of this molecular machinery as an intrinsic selection pressure in yeast populations. | 208813061 |
4,508,295 | Face-to-Face Versus Video Assessment of Facial Paralysis: Implications for Telemedicine Background Patients with facial nerve paralysis (FNP) experience challenges in accessing health care that could potentially be overcome by telemedicine. However, the reliability of telemedicine has yet to be established in this field. Objective This study aimed to investigate the consistency between face-to-face and video assessments of patients with FNP by experienced clinicians. Methods A repeated-measures design was used. A total of 7 clinicians assessed the FNP of 28 patients in a face-to-face clinic using standardized grading systems (the House-Brackmann, Sydney, and Sunnybrook facial grading systems). After 3 months, the same grading systems were used to assess facial palsy in video recordings of the same patients. Results The House-Brackmann system in video assessment had excellent reliability and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.780; principal component analysis [PCA]=87.5%), similar to face-to-face assessment (ICC=0.686; PCA=79.2%). Reliability of the Sydney system was good to excellent, with excellent agreement face-to-face (ICC=0.633 to 0.834; PCA=81.0%-95.2%). However, video assessment of the cervical branch and synkinesis had fair reliability and good agreement (ICC=0.437 to 0.597; PCA=71.4%), whereas that of other branches had good to excellent reliability and excellent agreement (ICC=0.625 to 0.862; PCA=85.7%-100.0%). Reliability of the Sunnybrook system was poor to fair for resting symmetry (ICC=0.195 to 0.498; PCA=91.3%-100.0%) and synkinesis (ICC=−0.037 to 0.637; PCA=69.6%-87.0%) but was good to excellent for voluntary movement (ICC=0.601 to 0.906; PCA=56.5%-91.3%) in face-to-face and video assessments. Bland-Altman plots indicated normal limits of agreement within ±1 between face-to-face and video-assessed scores only for the temporal and buccal branches of | 81244961 |
4,508,296 | the Sydney system and for resting symmetry in the Sunnybrook system. Conclusions Video assessment of FNP with the House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook systems was as reliable as face-to-face but with insufficient agreement, especially in the assessment of synkinesis. However, video assessment does not account for the impact of real-time interactions that occur during tele-assessment sessions. | 81244961 |
4,508,297 | Antibody and complement-binding activity of viable and nonviable human spermatozoa. Antibody and complement fixation by viable and nonviable spermatozoa were studied by means of immunofluorescence and a hemolytic assay (CH-50). Spermatozoa were incubated in sera from fertile male and female donors and in peritoneal fluid from fertile women undergoing laparoscopy. Nonviable spermatozoa were able to bind antibody or complement from sera and peritoneal fluid. There was no evidence of antibody or complement fixation by viable spermatozoa. The antibodies present in the serum that bind to spermatozoa belong to the IgG and IgM class; in peritoneal fluid, only IgG could be found. Complement fixation occurred via the classical (antibody-mediated) and alternative pathway. Viable spermatozoa possess antigenic properties different from nonviable spermatozoa. The lack of immunological reaction of women to viable spermatozoa and a possible mechanism for immunological infertility is considered. | 6556661 |
4,508,298 | Reduced-backhaul coordinated beamforming for massive MIMO heterogeneous networks This paper studies coordinated beamforming design for massive MIMO heterogeneous network where the macro BS (MBS) is equipped with a large antenna array. To suppress the severe cross-layer interference with limited inter-BS communications, especially to avoid the exchange of instantaneous massive MIMO channels, we propose a two-stage coordinated beamforming scheme to realize space division interference mitigation through exchange of hybrid long-term and short-term channel information. In the first stage, we propose a space partitioning codebook for the macro cell with each codebook (beam) covers a certain area. Based on that we remove from the codebook the beams that cause severe interference to the lower-power cells on a statistical or long-term basis. The left beams are then used as the outer precoder at the MBS, which equivalently serves as a dimension reduction matrix and is able to eliminate the interference to the lower-power cells; While in the second stage, the MBS designs its inner precoder based on the reduced-dimensional instantaneous effective channel to improve the performance of its own users. Furthermore, we extend our approach to the case of three dimensional (3D) beamforming, by designing additional beams in the azimuth angel direction. Numerical results show that our proposal is particularly effective when the number of antennas at the MBS is sufficiently large. | 16085711 |
4,508,299 | Toward a Structural Analysis of Illegal (Undocumented) Immigration In his introduction to this issue of IMR which attempts to understand more fully different aspects of undocumented immigration, the guest editor situates the articles in the present context of research and policy, and complements them by summarizing some of the ideas common to all and by analyzing, on their basis, the significance of the current Administration's plan to deal with the illegal flow. | 141772611 |
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