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4,508,900 | Single‐ridge waveguide T‐junctions for compact multilayer beam forming networks In this work, an H‐plane and an E‐plane single‐ridge waveguide T‐junction exhibiting compact size and broadband performance are presented. Thanks to these features the proposed devices turn out to be key components for the implementation of high‐performance multilayer antenna beam‐forming networks. Effectiveness and suitability of such T‐junctions are demonstrated through the design of a broadband array antenna feeding network. The presented components operate at Ku band, nevertheless the adopted architectures are fully scalable to other frequency band of interest. | 114676121 |
4,508,901 | Study of Posture Adjustment Strategy for a High-COG Vehicle Climbing a Slope High-COG (center of gravity) vehicle is usual in our life. High concrete pump truck, aerial ladder truck, crane vehicle, etc. We studied on how these High-COG Vehicles balancing on slope and how they keep balance when moving on a series of continuous changing slopes. We built a simplified model as well as a simulation model to study the how it works. In this article we propose a new balancing system which is real time controlled by the result of the MCU which computing the position of the COG projection of the model. Here we use an inclinometer to get the gesture to the horizontal position of the model and a potentiometer located at the axis of the balancing arm to know the angle between the arm and the surface of the model. At the end of the article, we give some advices of how the system will be used in the Application of Practical Engineering areas. | 109857771 |
4,508,902 | Scalable and Fully-Integrated Multi-Band Radar Sensor Platform in SiGe BiCMOS Technology This invited paper presents silicon-germanium based multi-band radar sensor platform for various fields, ranging from the automotive and industrial to medical applications. To fulfill different requirements of these applications, the platform makes use of scalable transceivers (TRXs) that are equipped with frequency multipliers to scale up the low-frequencies of the LO signal to 4 different operating frequency bands, inter alia, 60, 79, 120 and 158 GHz. The TRXs at the two lower operating frequencies feature a higher transmit output power as well as receive gain and are suitable for applications that require a high dynamic range, while the TRXs operating at the two higher operating frequencies allows a higher modulation bandwidth and can be integrated with on-chip antennas to form miniaturized system-on-chips for high-resolution applications that require a compact size. Both scalable and fully-integrated radar architectures are utilized and compared in this paper. Furthermore, the TRXs are equipped with either a BPSK or a vector modulator in the transmit path as well as a vector demodulator in the receive path and can support any modulation schemes suitable for MIMO operations. | 244776921 |
4,508,903 | Moments of matching statistics We show that for a large family of combinatorial statistics on perfect matchings, the moments can be expressed as a linear combination of double factorials with constant coefficients. This gives a stronger analogous result of Chern, Diaconis, Kane and Rhoades on statistics of set partitions, in which case the moments can be expressed as linear combinations of shifted Bell numbers, but with polynomial coefficients. | 18545021 |
4,508,904 | Endoscopic band ligation versus endoscopic hemoclip placement for Dieulafoy’s lesion: a meta-analysis Dieulafoy lesions (DL) are abnormally large arterial lesions that fail to decrease in size as they emerge from the submucosa to the mucosal surface. Endoscopic treatment has become the mainstay of therapy for actively bleeding DL lesions. In this meta-analysis, we aim to assess the efficacy of both techniques in achieving primary hemostasis of actively bleeding DL lesions and their rates of rebleeding. Our search included the Pubmed, Scopus and CINAHL electronic databases. The initial search yielded 440 articles and after appropriate review by 2 individual reviewers, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. Review manager version 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. There were 75 patients treated with EBL and 87 patients treated with EHC. The success rate of primary hemostasis of EBL for bleeding DL lesions was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–0.99]. The success rate of primary hemostasis of EHC for bleeding DL lesions was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83–0.96). The recurrence of bleeding for patients treated with EBL was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02–0.15). The recurrence of bleeding for patients treated with EHC was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.10–0.28). There was no statistical significance in primary hemostasis or rebleeding in patients treated with EBL or EHC. There was no significant heterogeneity between studies included in the analysis. Endoscopic band ligation and endoscopic hemoclip placement are efficacious procedures for the treatment of NVUGIB secondary to DL with similar rates of primary hemostasis and rebleeding. | 51724371 |
4,508,905 | Room impulse response reshaping by joint optimization of multiple p-norm based criteria The purpose of room impulse response reshaping is usually to reduce reverberation and thus to improve the perceived quality of the received signal by prefiltering the source signal before it is played with a loudspeaker in a closed room or by postfiltering the recorded microphone signal. The utilization of an infinity- and/or p-norm based objective function in the time domain has shown to be quite effective compared to least-squares approaches. Although this method intrinsically favors solutions with flat overall frequency responses, in some cases noticeable spectral distortion may occur. In this contribution we propose a method to jointly optimize infinity- and/or p-norm based objective functions in the time and frequency domains to achieve a good reshaping while not affecting the perceived quality due to spectral distortions. | 11255671 |
4,508,906 | New topic of supercritical fluids: local activity coefficients of supercritical solvent and cosolvent around solute. The study of inhomogeneity in supercritical fluids (SCFs) is of great importance. In this work, we propose the concept of local activity coefficients in supercritical (SC) solutions, which link thermodynamics and inhomogeneity in SC systems. The local activity coefficients of CO(2)+acetonitrile+phenol blue and CO(2)+acetic acid+phenol blue systems are investigated at 308.15 K in critical region and outside critical region. To do this, the local compositions of CO(2)+acetonitrile and CO(2)+acetic acid mixed solvents around phenol blue are first estimated using UV-visible spectroscopy. Then it is considered that there exist bulk phase and local phase around phenol blue in the systems. The activity coefficients of CO(2) and the cosolvents (acetonitrile or acetic acid) in bulk phase are calculated using Peng-Robinson equation of state. The local activity coefficients of CO(2) and the cosolvents are then calculated on the basis of thermodynamic principles. It is demonstrated that in the critical region the local activity coefficients differ from bulk activity coefficients significantly and are sensitive to pressure. This can explain many unusual phenomena in SC systems in critical region thermodynamically. | 28923821 |
4,508,907 | Kitchen-waste-derived biochar modified nanocomposites with improved photocatalytic performances for degrading organic contaminants. Kitchen-waste-derived biochar (KBC) was produced by thermal treatment at 400 °C, and a series of KBC/BiOX (X = Br, Cl) photocatalysts were developed using ultrasonication and solvothermal treatment. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by several tests and investigated by photocatalytic reactions towards methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline (TC). The best photocatalysts, 0.15KBC/BiOBr and 0.15KBC/BiOCl separately achieved complete MO photodegradation in 20 min and 35 min. Further study confirmed that 0.15KBC/BiOBr and 0.15KBC/BiOCl possessed excellent photocatalytic efficiency that was 17.9 and 14.8 times higher than BiOBr and BiOCl, respectively. In addition, 0.15KBC/BiOX showed higher activity removal of TC than pure BiOX in 60 min. Notably, 0.15KBC/BiOX maintained a reproducible high photocatalytic efficiency after five recycles. Estimated band gap energy for 0.15KBC/BiOBr (2.40 eV) and 0.15KBC/BiOCl (3.00 eV) was considerably lower than that of BiOBr (2.73 eV) and BiOCl (3.30 eV), indicating a delocalized state was created when forming electronic pathways on the interface. Besides, visible-light harvesting of photocatalysts got promoted by the modification of KBC. Active species trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests illustrated that photogenerated holes were the principal active species, while ∙OH was involved in the reaction. The successful synthesis of 0.15KBC/BiOX catalyst provided a new approach on simultaneously degrading organic contaminants in water and disposing of excessive kitchen waste. | 249556671 |
4,508,908 | Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich-Ag (anti-TF-Ag) potential for cancer therapy. Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF-Ag) is the disaccharide (Gal beta1-3 GalNAc alpha), which is also known as the core 1 structure. The presence of this disaccharide on the surface of approximately 90 percent of carcinomas is due to altered glycosylation in these tumors. TF-Ag plays a role in the adhesive properties of tumor cells involved in metastasis. Treatment of mice with JAA-F11, a monoclonal antibody to TF-Ag alpha inhibited lung metastasis and improved prognosis in a mouse breast cancer model. The presence of naturally occurring antibodies to TF-Ag in cancer patients is related to improved prognosis. The pancarcinoma expression of TF-Ag, combined with the evidence of a mechanistic role for TF-Ag in cancer spread, show that this target would have clinical utility. The presence of naturally occurring antibody to TF-Ag indicates that increasing the anti-TF-Ag antibody would be safe for the cancer patient and indicates that tolerance would not have to be broken to create this immune response. Finally, the prognostic improvements seen clinically and in animal models indicate that this is an important vaccine target. | 30241671 |
4,508,909 | Parallelization of RNA secondary structure prediction algorithm on multicore RNA secondary structure prediction is invaluable in creating new drugs and understanding genetic diseases, in gene expression and regulation. RNA molecules have proven their clinically consequential deep inroads into the biological functions. Needless to mention about the role of even small RNA's with numerous nucleotides which does the function of gene splicing, editing, and regulation. There is accelerating increase of data set sizes originating from powerful high-throughput measuring devices in Bioinformatics, A major limiting factor in achieving good performance on modern architectures is memory latency and bandwidth. The cost of computation is very less than the cost of moving data from main memory. This disparity between communication and computation costs has compelled the programmers to make changes in the ways algorithms are designed. A promising solution to speed up sequential programs, which are difficult to parallelise otherwise is through Speculative parallelisation. This paper proposes a new software-only speculative parallelization scheme for implementing RNA Secondary Structure Prediction algorithm in parallel. The scheme is developed after a systematic evaluation of the design options available. It is also shown to be efficient, robust and to outperform previously proposed schemes used for parallel implementation of RNA Secondary Structure Prediction. | 18903521 |
4,508,910 | Temperature driven annealing of perforations in bicellar model membranes. Bicellar model membranes composed of 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC), with a DMPC/DHPC molar ratio of 5, and doped with the negatively charged lipid 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), at DMPG/DMPC molar ratios of 0.02 or 0.1, were examined using small angle neutron scattering (SANS), (31)P NMR, and (1)H pulsed field gradient (PFG) diffusion NMR with the goal of understanding temperature effects on the DHPC-dependent perforations in these self-assembled membrane mimetics. Over the temperature range studied via SANS (300-330 K), these bicellar lipid mixtures exhibited a well-ordered lamellar phase. The interlamellar spacing d increased with increasing temperature, in direct contrast to the decrease in d observed upon increasing temperature with otherwise identical lipid mixtures lacking DHPC. (31)P NMR measurements on magnetically aligned bicellar mixtures of identical composition indicated a progressive migration of DHPC from regions of high curvature into planar regions with increasing temperature, and in accord with the "mixed bicelle model" (Triba, M. N.; Warschawski, D. E.; Devaux, P. E. Biophys. J.2005, 88, 1887-1901). Parallel PFG diffusion NMR measurements of transbilayer water diffusion, where the observed diffusion is dependent on the fractional surface area of lamellar perforations, showed that transbilayer water diffusion decreased with increasing temperature. A model is proposed consistent with the SANS, (31)P NMR, and PFG diffusion NMR data, wherein increasing temperature drives the progressive migration of DHPC out of high-curvature regions, consequently decreasing the fractional volume of lamellar perforations, so that water occupying these perforations redistributes into the interlamellar volume, thereby increasing the interlamellar spacing. | 39172571 |
4,508,911 | A Review of Automated Pain Assessment in Infants: Features, Classification Tasks, and Databases Bedside caregivers assess infants’ pain at constant intervals by observing specific behavioral and physiological signs of pain. This standard has two main limitations. The first limitation is the intermittent assessment of pain, which might lead to missing pain when the infants are left unattended. Second, it is inconsistent since it depends on the observer's subjective judgment and differs between observers. Intermittent and inconsistent assessment can induce poor treatment and, therefore, cause serious long-term consequences. To mitigate these limitations, the current standard can be augmented by an automated system that monitors infants continuously and provides quantitative and consistent assessment of pain. Several automated methods have been introduced to assess infants’ pain automatically based on analysis of behavioral or physiological pain indicators. This paper comprehensively reviews the automated approaches (i.e., approaches to feature extraction) for analyzing infants’ pain and the current efforts in automatic pain recognition. In addition, it reviews the databases available to the research community and discusses the current limitations of the automated pain assessment. | 50785071 |
4,508,912 | Creation of Universe - Sat Raj Tam In Sankhya Yog are Causal Body Subtle Body and Gross Body, Each With 5 Elements - Review Does Universe has a creator? There are two schools of thought, yes (Aastik), no (Nastik). This Aastik and Nastik form a view point called Darshan (philosophy). Aastik Darshan Shastra (6) are a key to creation of universe by creator. Learning about the creator and its properties-Guna lead to the development of the universe. Each Darshan had different way of looking resulting into diversity of thought as well as confusion. Yog professes only one Guna. Sankhya says 3 (Sat, Raj and Tam), Vaisheshik says 24 Guna and Nyaaya says 16 Guna, Mimansa is application of Guna (development of subjects like Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Gandharvaveda and Arthashastra) and Vedant says everything is a Guna. Sankhya Darshan professes how many are holding the universe and its reasons of approach - Why? This gives the theory of Sat being causal body or Kaaran Sharir, Raj being Sukshma Sharir or subtle body and Tam being Sthool Sharir or gross body and each body is with 5 elements as स(ष) त म र ज. These three Guna of divine were often misunderstood or misinterpreted. One area of the application of Darshan leads to the development of Ayurveda. A logical structure is presented in the form of 3 Sharir represented by Sat, Raj and Tam professed by Sankhya Darshan and its application to Ayurveda. The study endeavours at the application of Sankhya yog on Ayurveda and opens the doors for | 249585571 |
4,508,913 | further study in relation to Dhanurveda, Gandharvaveda and Arthashastra. | 249585571 |
4,508,914 | Penetrating brain injury: a case report. BACKGROUND Gunshot wounds as a result of attempted suicide, criminality or warfare comprise a significant group among penetrating injuries of the brain. A prognosis in such cases is based mainly on an initial score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). According to the literature, the mortality rate among patients with initial GCS ranging from 3 to 5 points is very high, up to 98.5%. Although there are also many other prognostic factors for high mortality, such as damage to the ventricular system or the involvement of two or more lobes, GCS score seems to be the most important determinant. The treatment in an ICU which is focused on decreasing the risk of secondary brain damage can significantly improve the prognosis and final outcome. CASE REPORT The authors present the case of a 27-year-old man who suffered a gunshot wound to the right temporal region, self-inflicted from an air-gun. On admission to the intensive care unit he received a score of 3 points on the GCS. There were also other negative prognostic factors - the pellet penetrated two lobes and damaged the third ventricle. Despite the serious prognosis, the appropriate multiprofile treatment and rehabilitation resulted in unexpectedly good recovery. Two years after the trauma the patient was conscious, maintained logical verbal contact, and was able to walk using a walking-aid. CONCLUSION Rapid transport to a major trauma center is essential for patients with penetrating brain injury. Among all interventions it seems essential to provide the prevention of posttraumatic nervous tissue damage | 9148421 |
4,508,915 | and associated neurological dysfunction. | 9148421 |
4,508,916 | Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: a prospective evaluation of 211 patients. Two hundred eleven consecutive patients treated for acute thromboembolic disease were evaluated prospectively for the incidence of thrombocytopenia while receiving heparin treatment. One hundred patients received beef lung heparin and 111 patients received porcine intestinal mucosal heparin. All patients received a minimum of 4 consecutive days of continuous intravenous heparin, and platelet counts were determined prior to, at least twice weekly, and at the cessation of heparin therapy. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia was defined as a decline from a normal platelet count (100,000-400,000/mm3) to less than 100,000/mm3 with a return to above 100,000/mm3 after the discontinuation of heparin. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia developed in 11 patients (5.2% incidence). Ten of the thrombocytopenic patients had received beef lung heparin and one received porcine mucosal heparin. Chi-square analysis of these data was significant (p = 0.007). Plasma from seven of nine thrombocytopenic patients demonstrated a plasma factor compatible with a heparin-sensitive antiplatelet antibody. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia appeared on days 2 to 10 of therapy. Cessation of heparin resulted in remission of thrombocytopenia within 4 days in all patients. Serial quantitative platelet count determinations are indicated in all patients receiving therapeutic heparinization for the early recognition and resolution of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. | 25568471 |
4,508,917 | Initial Segmentation Analyze adjacent regions Generate hypothesis graph Extract Segmentations We have developed a general segmentation framework and algorithm that divides images of multi-colored piece-wise uniform dielectric objects into regions corresponding to coherent surfaces by reasoning about the underlying physics rather than color features or statistics. We present our algorithm and demonstrate its relevance to model acquisition and scene analysis. | 16186421 |
4,508,918 | The enumeration of thermotrophic types amongst the Enterobacteriaceae colonizing perishable foods. A total of 41 pure cultures of Enterobacteriaceae, comprising 32 thermotrophic and nine psychrotrophic strains, pathogens or marker organisms, were examined for numbers of colony forming units obtained at 37 degrees and 42.5 degrees C (thermotrophs) and 30 degrees C (psychrotrophs), when surface-plated on a rich infusion agar and violet red bile agar. In addition 42 food and water samples, collected in a rural area of the Philippines, were examined by surface inoculating violet red bile AIPC (agar immersion plating and contact; 'dip') slides and incubating at 37 degrees and 42.5 degrees C. At 42.5 degrees C there was almost total recovery of the thermotrophic Enterobacteriaceae, whereas the psychrotrophic strains were completely suppressed. At 37 degrees C the psychrotrophs were only slightly inhibited. The Philippine foods, predominantly cooked meals, milk and drinking water, appeared to be significantly colonized by thermotrophic Enterobacteriaceae. It is concluded that incubation at 42.5 degrees C satisfactorily selects enteropathogenic and other enteric Enterobacteriaceae while suppressing the psychrotrophic types which are mainly of vegetable origin. It is emphasized that, regardless of the temperature used, a resuscitation procedure for Enterobacteriaceae populations that have incurred sublethal injury in food has to precede counts on or in the usual selective media. | 7202971 |
4,508,919 | Realization of A Web-based Remote Service Platform A joint project of a Web-based remote service platform is introduced in the paper. First the architecture of the platform is offered. Then key technologies, such as remote maintenance and operation, remote monitoring based on multi-media, management of virtual device and user files, after-sale service and technical supports, and security considerations for remote communication etc, are described in detail. In the end, the remote operation and inspection prototype interface of the platform is provided. Key technologies described in the paper have important values and application prospects for manufacturing enterprises to set up their remote service system | 12406771 |
4,508,920 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7): a critical role in kidney development and a putative modulator of kidney injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), a member of the tumor growth factor beta superfamily, appears to have a role in both kidney development and response to kidney injury. Signals through its pathways permit both epithelial differentiation during embryogenesis and preservation of normal kidney architecture after stress, leading to the hypothesis that BMP7 may exert its kidney-protective effects in adult animals by preventing or reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. This review attempts to synthesize the data supporting those conclusions and suggest some future areas of research. | 31719121 |
4,508,921 | Viral interference-dominance of mutant viruses over wild-type virus in mixed infections. The concept that a detrimental mutation in a particular gene results phenotypically in the absence of the activity encoded by that gene is a familiar one. Generally, lesions in a gene that produce temperature-sensitive (ts) or nonsense mutants are recessive; the introduction of a good copy of the defective gene is sufficient to rescue the defective genome. In fact, complementation analysis is based on this assumption. In the case of viruses, cells infected simultaneously by two viruses with different mutations are expected to give the mutant phenotype if the mutations are in the same gene and the wild-type phenotype if the mutations are in different genes. Also, the rescue of mutant viruses by the parental | 31743521 |
4,508,922 | Relation between experimental and non-experimental study designs. HB vaccines: a case study. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between experimental and non-experimental study design in vaccinology. DESIGN: Assessment of each study design's capability of testing four aspects of vaccine performance, namely immunogenicity (the capacity to stimulate the immune system), duration of immunity conferred, incidence and seriousness of side effects, and number of infections prevented by vaccination. SETTING: Experimental and non-experimental studies on hepatitis B (HB) vaccines in the Cochrane Vaccines Field Database. RESULTS: Experimental and non-experimental vaccine study designs are frequently complementary but some aspects of vaccine quality can only be assessed by one of the types of study. More work needs to be done on the relation between study quality and its significance in terms of effect size. | 8810721 |
4,508,923 | Hybrid electro-optic polymer modulators for RF photonics Electro-optic polymers have long held interest for RF photonics due to both their exceptionally large intrinsic bandwidth in traveling wave modulator geometries and, more recently, as a result of significant improvements in the electro-optic (EO) figure of merit. We will discuss our use of state-of-the-art EO polymers in hybrid device formats [1-4], where the polymer is integrated with sol-gel, glass or silicon waveguide structures in order to improve reliability and performance of the modulator. The current status of the technology in terms of key RF photonics figures of merit such as link gain and noise figure is also assessed. | 23015871 |
4,508,924 | Unsupervised learning for long-term autonomy This thesis investigates methods to enable a robot to build and maintain an environment model in an automatic manner. Such capabilities are especially important in long-term autonomy, where robots operate for extended periods of time without human intervention. In such scenarios we can no longer assume that the environment and the models will remain static. Rather changes are expected and the robot needs to adapt to the new, unseen, circumstances automatically. The approach described in this thesis is based on clustering the robot’s sensing information. This provides a compact representation of the data which can be updated as more information becomes available. The work builds on affinity propagation (Frey and Dueck, 2007), a recent clustering method which obtains high quality clusters while only requiring similarities between pairs of points, and importantly, selecting the number of clusters automatically. This is essential for real autonomy as we typically do not know “a priori” how many clusters best represent the data. The contributions of this thesis are three fold. First, a self-supervised method is presented that automatically builds a visual appearance model of the environment with traversability information of objects within the environment. The model allows the detection of obstacles in new observations for safe navigation. Improvements over existing large scale affinity propagation extensions are made with meta-point affinity propagation, reducing computational time and improving robustness to noise. Experiments on indoor and outdoor data demonstrate the quality of the model as well as the ability to recognise obstacles. The usefulness in long-term autonomy is | 2577921 |
4,508,925 | demonstrated on outdoor data captured months apart. Second, an extension of affinity propagation capable of clustering multiple data sources automatically is described. The method only requires information on a per sensor basis, which is automatically combined into a single clustering solution. This is of particular interest in robotics, as robots generally obtain data from different sensors. Experiments on indoor and outdoor RGB-D data demonstrate the advantage of combining multiple sensor modalities and the quality obtained by the proposed method in tasks such as segmentation and clustering. Third, joint clustering and anomaly detection is formulated as a generic integer program to which two optimisation methods are proposed. The formulation | 2577921 |
4,508,926 | SYSTEMIC ISOSPORIASIS (ATOXOPLASMOSIS) IN PASSERINE BIRDS AT THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, LONDON ZOO Abstract: Infection with systemic Isospora species (systemic isosporiasis [SI]) is common in passerine birds and may cause substantial mortality in zoological collections. Ten years of postmortem records of 26 species of captive, nonnative passerine birds maintained at the Zoological Society of London, London Zoo, plus seven free-ranging species found dead within the zoo, were reviewed to assess cause of death and occurrence of SI (presence of merozoites in tissue impression smears and/or polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing for Isospora DNA). The records of 287 juveniles and adults were reviewed, of which 161 had SI test results. The most common cause of death was physical (trauma, predation, drowning, and hypothermia), diagnosed in 39.0% of cases. Virulent SI was considered the cause of death in only nine individuals from five species (3.1% of all cases, 5.6% of tested birds). However, merozoites were recorded in 36.0% of the 150 individuals examined cytologically (representing 18 of the 33 species), while 45.3% of 53 spleen samples (14 species) were positive for Isospora DNA. Test agreement for the 42 birds tested by both methods was 69.0%. Assuming that the PCR result was correct in these, 37.9% of the 161 birds (21 species) were positive for SI at the time of death. These figures might underestimate prevalence because of poor DNA preservation and low numbers of individuals of some species tested. Eight new 28S rDNA sequences and 12 new internal transcriber spacer 1/2 sequences were amplified. Sequences from individuals | 247438321 |
4,508,927 | of the same host species clustered together, suggesting a single Isospora species, and there was no evidence of overlap among hosts. These results confirm that systemic infection with Isospora species in zoo passerines is generally of low pathogenicity and most likely coevolved with their hosts. Severe disease may occur, however, with overwhelming exposure, secondary to immunosuppression, or following coinfection with another pathogen. | 247438321 |
4,508,928 | New training guidelines: what are the implications for cardiological research? The recognition of the importance of research experience is welcomed; committed research supervisors should be identified for each trainee and research planning should start as early as possible in the traineeship. It would be welcome if employing authorities and postgraduate deans were to provide personal support for up to one year and modest research expenses for trainees undertaking research. In the absence of such support, application would need to be made to grant-giving bodies well in advance. Certain posts may need to be earmarked for the training of future clinical scientists. Academic units should regard themselves as challenged, but not necessarily threatened, by the new proposals. With appropriate consultation and involvement, and a modest allocation of funding, the overall result should enhance the quality of both service and academic communities. | 40146371 |
4,508,929 | Sex differences in the effect of HbA1c-defined diabetes on a wide range of cardiovascular disease risk factors Abstract Objective Sex differences in the association of HbA1c and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remain controversial. We examined CVD risk profile in both HbA1c-defined diabetic and nondiabetic men and women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 7139 Chinese adults using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. Results HbA1c-defined nondiabetic men have a more favorable CVD risk profile than female counterparts. However, HbA1c-defined diabetic men have higher levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, be more visceral obese as indicated by visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP), and more insulin resistant as assessed by the triglycerides and glucose index (TyG) than HbA1c-defined diabetic women. Furthermore, HbA1c-defined diabetic men showed greater relative differences in ferritin than diabetic women when compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Statistically significant sex by HbA1c-defined diabetes status interactions were observed for triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride/HDL cholesterol, VAI, LAP, TyG, and ferritin (all ps < 0.05). Consideration of VAI or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance or both failed to eliminate the sex differences in the associations between diabetes and these CVD risk factors. Conclusions Men who progressed from HbA1c-defined nondiabetes to HbA1c-defined diabetes have greater metabolic deteriorations and put on more visceral adiposity than women. Key messages HbA1c-defined nondiabetic men have a more favorable CVD risk profile than female counterparts. Men have to undergo a greater metabolic deterioration to develop HbA1c-defined diabetes | 37358671 |
4,508,930 | than do women. Men have to put on more visceral adiposity to develop HbA1c-defined diabetes than do women. | 37358671 |
4,508,931 | Quantitation of angiogenesis and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor expression in astrocytic tumors. OBJECTIVE To quantitate tumor angiogenesis by establishing intratumoral microvessel density (IMD), to study vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in different grades of astrocytomas and to correlate VEGF expression with tumor angiogenesis. STUDY DESIGN Forty cases of astrocytic neoplasms (10 of each grade) were assessed for tumor angiogenesis and VEGF expression. The panendothelial marker CD31 was used to highlight microvessels. Tumor angiogenesis was quantitated as IMD count per square millimeter in areas of high vascularity, or "hot spots," using an image analyzer. VEGF expression was studied in sections of the tumors. IMD counts per square millimeter and VEGF expression were correlated with histologic grade. The angiogenic potential of tumors as reflected by IMD counts per square millimeter was correlated with the intensity of VEGF expression. RESULTS Vascular proliferation in high grade gliomas was significantly higher as compared to that in low grade gliomas. IMD count per square millimeter revealed a positive correlation with histologic grade in high grade gliomas. Pilocytic astrocytoma and low grade astrocytoma as a group had comparable IMD counts per square millimeter. VEGF expression paralleled IMD counts in rare high grade gliomas only. CONCLUSION Malignant progression in astrocytoma is heralded and accompanied by increased angiogenesis. VEGF is an important angiogenic factor in high grade gliomas since its expression parallels the increased IMD counts in these tumors. In contrast, in low grade gliomas, angiogenic factors other than VEGF may contribute to vascular proliferation. The results emphasize the role of | 10676871 |
4,508,932 | antiangiogenic therapy as an optimal tool in therapeutic strategies as they become available. | 10676871 |
4,508,933 | Intracellular events associated with uptake of a monomeric photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD), and its subsequent activation with light Intracellular events associated with photosensitizers and their subsequent activation with light are as yet poorly understood. Using a model photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative, monoacid ring A (BPD), we have studied cellular uptake and release using both cell lines and normal murine splenocytes. These studies showed that maximum uptake was effected rapidly, peaking between 15 and 30 minutes following exposure to BPD. Absolute quantities taken up varies substantially between cell sources, malignant cell lines and activated normal cells taking up significantly higher levels. Release of BPD from cells occurred equally rapidly when they were removed from BPD-containing medium. Phototoxicity studies indicated that more sensitive cell structures were exposed to the photosensitizer with increased time of incubation. Further experiments were conducted to study protein expression in a murine tumor cell line following BPD treatment. We observed that the oxidative stress associated with photodynamic therapy resulted in the induction of a set of heat shock or stress proteins, and that the pattern of expression was similar when tumor cells were treated in vitro and in vivo. | 121558071 |
4,508,934 | Upper Extremity Thrombosis: Etiology and Prognosis Upper extremity thrombosis is responsible for 1-2% of all cases of deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT). Little has changed concerning the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigation, or treatment of the disorder over the last forty years. However, a changing pattern in the natural history of the disease seems to be emerging with the advent of more invasive procedures and prolonged medical care of critically-ill individuals. Case histories of sixteen (16) patients with seventeen (17) episodes of upper extremity thrombosis are reviewed. Fewer cases of "primary" thrombosis, and fewer acute or chronic sequelae were noted in the present study than would be implied in previous reviews of the subject. It is our opinion that DVT of the upper extremity, especially when due to "secondary" thrombosis, is a more benign and self- limiting disease than has been traditionally reported. | 40882071 |
4,508,935 | Sonic Images of the Coronavirus The author focuses on images of public silence which denoted sign language of public listened to governments and mentions physical isolation alternatives could break social contract Topics discussed include public protest against social distancing which reads as causes of contagion, contagion seen by family participating in protest against murder of Black George Floyd and forms of the coronavirus sonic image | 229355121 |
4,508,936 | Specialty hospitalists: analyzing an emerging phenomenon. THE HOSPITALIST MODEL EMERGED IN THE MID-1990S as an alternative to primary care physicians managing their own patients both in and out of the hospital. Driven by a variety of forces, including increasing pressure to improve quality and safety, limits on house staff duty hours, generally positive outcome data, and increasing support of the model by primary care physicians and specialists, the number of hospitalists has increased substantially. Today, more than 30 000 hospitalists staff approximately 70% of US hospitals. Even though the hospitalist model emerged to manage undifferentiated care for adult medical and pediatric medical patients, variations on the theme have appeared in the last decade. For example, specialties such as neurology, surgery, obstetrics, and psychiatry have reported new practice arrangements in which hospital-focused specialists assume the care of inpatients. This Viewpoint describes the emerging phenomenon of specialty hospitalists. | 205036771 |
4,508,937 | The implication of upright posture on pregnancy Pregnant women spend more than half of the day in an upright position. The physiological effects of this posture on the mother and the fetus are evaluated. Changes in vascular autoregulation and anatomy lead to maternal fainting in about 8% of women during early pregnancy. The immediate effects of such episodes on the fetus are unknown. There is a positive correlation of orthostatic dysregulations and abortions. In late pregnancy we found a significant increase in functional residual capacity in the upright posture. Minute volume and oxygen consumption were also significantly increase (p less than 0.001). Regarding the cardiovascular changes we detected a rhythmic change of the maternal heart rate with the change to upright position, which had not been published before. Change from the left lateral position to unsupported standing increased maternal heart rate by a mean of 27 beats per minute and a mean duration of 105 seconds in two thirds of the women. This was accompanied by a decreased cardiac output, systolic blood pressure and an increased oxygen consumption. The gravid uterus is responsible for these changes. During the upright position, the venous flow to the right ventricle is inhibited by the relaxed uterus. Contractions, leaning forward and the muscle pump improve the venous return. The phenomenon reached its maximum during the 38th week, where 71% of pregnant women displayed a cyclic change in heart rate. The fetal heart rate baseline is significantly increased in the upright position with a significantly reduced acceleration frequency (p less than | 45073671 |
4,508,938 | 0.001). Combined with the data from epidemiologic studies, prolonged standing during late pregnancy may signal potential risks for the fetus such as low birth weight, prematurity and stillbirths because of an 'uterovascular syndrome'. Maternal standing possibly may be used as a physiological fetal stress test. | 45073671 |
4,508,939 | Influence of Veneer Density on Plywood Thickness and Some Mechanical Properties Abstract It has been common knowledge that as the density of wood increases, the mechanical properties also improve. In turn, the density of wood depends on many factors, including the wood moisture content, location and cross-section in the trunk, the type of treatment and the parameters of technological processes. There is a great deal of research reported in the scientific literature on the effect of solid wood density on mechanical properties for different wood species as well as for structural timber. However, no research data can be found related investigation of the influence of veneer density on the properties of the birch plywood. In the present study, researching the properties of 7-ply birch plywood (thickness 9 mm), it was concluded that as the density of veneers increases, the bending properties of plywood in the direction of wood fibers (covered veneers) increases. When determining the plywood gluing quality, similar tendencies have been observed. For plywood with a lower density in all veneer plies the gluing quality (tensile-shear test) for perpendicular wood fiber veneers increases in the direction from the symmetry axis or middle veneer to the plywood outer plies, which can be explained by the fact that the outer plies become denser at the time of the hot pressing process. The results of the study will allow birch plywood manufacturers in direct production, sort veneers by density, to produce plywood with very predictable gluing quality, plywood thickness and mechanical properties in bending. | 245477971 |
4,508,940 | [Microscopic examination of conjunctival specimens from patients with cicatricial pemphigoid]. The conjunctiva's materials from patients with cicatricial pemphigoid were examined histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Non specific changes were shown at the cellular level: leukocytes infiltrations and increase in the amount of connective tissue which cause the scars. Ultrastructurally increase in the number of collagen fibres and disorders in the structure of basal membrane of epithelium were shown. Pathological changes were located mostly in lamina propria of tunica mucosae. | 37920971 |
4,508,941 | LED (Light-Emitting Diode) Road Lighting in Practice: An Evaluation of Compliance with Regulations and Improvements for Further Energy Savings Light-emitting diode (LED) road lighting has been widely implemented in recent years, but few studies have evaluated its performance after installation. This study investigated whether LED road lighting complies with minimum regulations in terms of traffic safety and whether improvements for energy efficiency are possible. Average road surface luminance ( L ), overall luminance uniformity ( U o ), longitudinal luminance uniformity ( U I ), power density ( P D ) and normalised power density ( P N ) were evaluated for 14 roads (seven designed for vehicular traffic and seven for pedestrians and bicycles). Energy savings were calculated as the percentage reduction to the minimum level of the existing lighting class or a lower lighting class and by applying a dimming schedule. The results showed that LED road lighting for vehicular traffic roads generally fulfilled the requirements, whereas that for pedestrian and bicycle roads generally corresponded to the lowest lighting class for L , and often did not meet the statutory requirements for U o and U I . By adapting lighting levels to the minimum requirement of the existing lighting class or by dropping to a lower lighting class, vehicular traffic roads could save 6%–35% on L to lighting class M5 and 23%–61% on L to lighting class M6. A dimming schedule could lead to energy savings of 49%. There is little potential for savings on pedestrian and bicycle roads, except by implementing a | 169921 |
4,508,942 | dimming schedule. Thus, in general, for vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle roads, a dimming schedule can save more energy than can be achieved in general by reducing lighting class. Furthermore, since a dimming schedule can be adjusted to traffic intensity, any potential risk of compromising traffic safety is minimised. | 169921 |
4,508,943 | No-Fly Lists, National Security and Race: The Experiences of Canadian Muslims Despite the increasing use of no-fly lists in countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, their impact has not been explored in academic research. In a bid to fill this gap, we conducted 70 in-depth interviews with Muslim community leaders to explore Canadian Muslims’ experience of the no-fly list. We find the Canadian no-fly list targets Muslim communities, restricts mobility, separates individuals from family and friends, diminishes professional and economic opportunities, and stigmatizes those labelled a security risk. Drawing on the preventive security literature and critical race studies of counter-terrorism, this research demonstrates how no-fly lists erode fundamental aspects of justice, and reproduce racial hierarchies. | 214410571 |
4,508,944 | [The effect of resuscitation on the results obtained in identification of enterobacteriaceae by the API system (author's transl)]. During studies on the reliability of the API system, the question arose whether the small proportion of adequate results in cultures stored at 4 degrees C could be attributable to this method of storage. Therefore, the reactions of those cultures which had caused most problems were studied following periods of storage ofone day, six weeks and nine weeks at 4 degrees C, and in the freeze-dried state. Storage in particular conditions was found to have a definite effect on the reliability of the API system so that a period of resuscitation of forty-eight hours in a bouillon at 37 degrees C is required to restore the cultures to normal. | 46382021 |
4,508,945 | Factors affecting the reduction of acetylene by Rhizobium-soybean cell associations in vitro. The acetylene reduction assay was used to measure presumed N(2)-reducing activity in Rhizobium-soybean cell associations in vitro. No acetylene reduction was observed in liquid suspensions of these organisms, but cells plated onto an agar medium from a liquid suspension of Rhizobium and soybean cells exhibited acetylene-dependent production of ethylene after 7 to 14 days. Aggregates of soybean cells 0.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter were required for this activity. Decreasing oxygen from 0.20 atm to 0.10, 0.04, or 0.00 atm completely inhibited acetylene reduction. The presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or kinetin increased endogenous ethylene production and inhibited acetylene-dependent ethylene production. Acetylene reduction was observed with three out of four strains of R. japonicum tested, and three rhizobial strains, which produce root nodules on cowpeas but not soybeans, formed an association capable of acetylene-dependent ethylene production. | 9262721 |
4,508,946 | Transmission characteristics of cylindrical frequency selective fabrics with Jerusalem-shaped units Two kinds of complementary cylindrical frequency selective fabrics (CFSFs) with Jerusalem-shaped units were designed, constructed and analyzed in this paper. The models were built and simplified based on the thickness and equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the base fabrics. Considering the unit number difference of the models and bending directionality, the simulation processes were separately carried out using the waveguide method in HFSS software. Based on the preparation of preliminary planar prototypes and corresponding bending molds, different CFSF samples with the same planar units and varying bending curvature were fabricated, and the transmission characteristics were measured using the transmission method to study the influences of bending effects. The measured transmission characteristics with and without the curved mold were similar, proving the use of the curved mold exerted a negligible effect on the actual measured results of samples. For the two kinds of complementary structures, the measured and simulated S21 (transmission coefficient) curves had indistinguishable differences, which justified the validity of the modeling and simulation process. Although the bending direction and curvature affected the S21 curves of aperture and patch CFSFs at varying degrees, the transmission characteristics did not show drastic fluctuation and shifting, which could be attributed to the ideal symmetry of Jerusalem-shaped units and good array characteristics. | 139437271 |
4,508,947 | A quality assessment methodology for EIE resources available through the internet E-learning has become widely available and accepted by learners either as the main or supplemental facility in their learning activities. A wide range of electronic resources and virtual learning environments are now available over the Internet for use by learners and educators alike. Recent standardisation work has defined learning/sharable content objects at a more fundamental asset level. Further, a number of metadata standards have been developed to help in content aggregation of objects into courseware. This paper presents a quality assessment methodology developed within the EU Socrates EIE-Surveyor Project for evaluating online e-learning resources. The proposed methodology is applied to resources available in the field of Electrical and Information Engineering and some early results are presented. The proposed quality assessment methodology has two main parts: an electronic catalogue (e-Cat) and an evaluation survey (e-Surv) for users of the linked e-resource. The e-Cat serves the purpose of cataloguing e-resources available in the field of Electrical and Information Engineering over the European Internet area and making them available to learners across Europe and beyond. The e-Surv is an e-Cat resource hyperlinked questionnaire comprising evaluation in four main sections: type of users, quality of contents, technical aspects of the resource, overall user satisfaction. E-Surv is designed to allow continuous assessment of the quality of e-resources available within the e- Cat through user surveys. | 1522771 |
4,508,948 | Measurement of Crop Water by on Site Radiometry A 433 MHz radio link was installed in a central Iowa corn canopy just after the crop's emergence to measure the amount of water stored in vegetation. Three transmitters, which the corn would grow above, where separated from the receiver by a horizontal distance of 50 m. Antennas operated for 68 days during the summer of 2018, while plants grew from a height of 0.3 m to 2.7 m. Water content of the corn by an observed weakened signal incident on the receiver. An existing empirical model for corn dielectric constant was used when modeling signal strength, applying in situ vegetation measurements. Interference with the ground-reflected signal was accounted for; the ground signal acts destructively with the direct propagation path in this experiment. Early in the growing season, signal strength is modeled rather well. When ears were present, the modeled signal is much stronger than the observed. This may be the result of neglecting scattering, which may be significant as the radiation was vertically polarized and likely strongly affected by the large vertical stems of the crop. | 231971921 |
4,508,949 | Selling the True Time: Nineteenth-Century Timekeeping in America. By Ian R. Bartky. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000. Pp. xvii, 310. $45.00. Contrary to what its title suggests, this book is not a history of clock design, manufacture, or marketing. It is instead about the rise and fall of commercial time signal distribution by astronomical observatories in the nineteenth-century United States—time-telling rather than timekeeping. It narrates complex interactions of scientific, business, and governmental establishments around the activity of telling any buyer of the service, and therefore also the public at large, what time it was, accurately and consistently. It also discusses the adoption, late in the century, of American standard time zones and the eventual international agreement to accept the location of Greenwich in England as 0°, the prime meridian from which other meridians were calibrated. | 154208801 |
4,508,950 | Survival after late disc dislodgement of a mitral Wada-Cutter prosthesis. A 33-year-old woman, 6 years after placement of a Wada-Cutter prosthesis, suffered from free mitral regurgitation secondary to the dislodgement of the disc occulder into the left atrium. She was operated on approximately 14 hours after the onset of symptoms and survived; this patient is the third reported survivor following dislodgement of a Wada disc. | 31601301 |
4,508,951 | A Broader View of Risk Management Process in Projects Risks have to be managed with great care so that the final goal of delivering a successful project can be reached. The paper extends the risk management process with the value-based risk monitoring framework developed by the authors, where the primary purpose is to detect and monitor risks jeopardizing the expected project return, and if necessary, to start action plans in order to avoid losses. An important characteristic of the suggested integrated model is that it takes into consideration that risks are timevarying, that is, as time passes, the uncertainty of the occurrence of a risk changes. In this paper, the traditional risk management process is extended with the value-based approach, where risk factors are measured on a linear scale. The integrated project risk management process supports the organizationlevel decision making, and extends the fundamental roles of project portfolio management office identified by the literature. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Budapest University of Technology and Economics & Diamond Congress Ltd Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2020. | 226430251 |
4,508,952 | Filtering of ECG signals corrupted with power line interference Elimination of power line interference in ECG signals using an adaptive noise cancelling (ANC) approach is investigated. When a reference signal is not available, it is possible to generate an internal reference and obtain satisfactory performance provided the reference frequency is closely matched to the interference. A maximum-likelihood estimator for the frequency is proposed and combined with the ANC filter.<<ETX>> | 61408701 |
4,508,953 | Plasma, urine, and synovial fluid disposition of methylprednisolone acetate and isoflupredone acetate after intra-articular administration in horses. OBJECTIVE--To document plasma, urine, and synovial fluid disposition of 2 common intra-articularly administered steroid preparations, methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and isoflupredone acetate (IPA). DESIGN--Descriptive investigation. SAMPLE POPULATION--100 mg of MPA or 4 mg of IPA was administered to 2 groups of 4 healthy sound radiographically normal female horses. PROCEDURE--Blood samples were collected at time 0 (before) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of the designated steroid. Complete urine collection for measurement of designated steroid was accomplished by use of occluding 28-F balloon catheters. Synovial fluid samples were aseptically aspirated from the injected and contralateral uninjected tarsocrural joint at time 0 and 8, 24, 48, 240, and 672 hours after administration of the designated steroid. All samples were screened by ELISA to detect parent drug or metabolite equivalent, with a sensitivity of 2.5 ng/ml for MPA and 0.1 ng/ml for IPA. If drug was detected by ELISA in the plasma or synovial fluid, the samples were further quantified and specified, using HPLC with a lower limit of quantification (10 ng/ml). RESULTS--Between 2 and 12 hours after administration, plasma contained < 10 ng of MPA or IPA/ml (parent drug or metabolite equivalent), as intermittently detected by ELISA. Parent drug or metabolite equivalent was detected in the urine for 24 and 72 hours after injection of IPA and MPA, respectively. Synovial fluid from the contralateral joint contained no detectable MPA or IPA at | 2716301 |
4,508,954 | any sample collection time. Median half-life for MPA, as detected by HPLC, was 10.3 hours (range, 6.1 to 10.6) in the synovial space. Median half-life for methylprednisolone, as detected by HPLC, was 10.4 (range, 9.9 to 32.1) hours. CONCLUSIONS--Both steroids appeared to be rapidly hydrolyzed to their respective ester forms, as detected by HPLC. The ELISA appeared to be a useful screening tool for detection of corticosteroids in this variety of body fluids. | 2716301 |
4,508,955 | The effect of co-administration of zolpidem with fluoxetine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Since early treatment of depression with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) can be associated with insomnia, daytime antidepressive therapy with SSRI is often combined with nighttime administration of a hypnotic. This study attempted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between zolpidem 10 mg, a short-acting hypnotic, and fluoxetine 20 mg, an SSRI. Twenty-seven healthy male volunteers (mean age 23.5 years, range 20 - 29) received zolpidem and fluoxetine in the following open design: zolpidem on night 1, a morning dose of fluoxetine daily from day 2 through day 18 and zolpidem on night 18. Using HPLC, plasma levels of zolpidem, fluoxetine, and norfluoxetine were determined throughout night 1 for zolpidem, night 18 for zolpidem, fluoxetine, and norfluoxetine on days 16 and 17 for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. Morning psychomotor tests were performed on days 1, 2, 18, and 19. Statistical analysis of data consisted of repeated measures of ANOVA. There was no significant difference in AUC, C(max), and T1/2 of zolpidem plasma concentrations between night 1 (zolpidem) and night 18 (zolpidem and fluoxetine). There was a significantly higher zolpidem plasma level at 0.5 hours after dosing together with a significantly shorter T(max) on night 18 compared to night 1. There was no significant difference in C(min) of plasma fluoxetine and norfluoxetine levels between day 16 and 17 of fluoxetine dosing, and there was no difference in T(max) between day 17 (fluoxetine) and day 18 (fluoxetine and zolpidem). There was a 3 - 4% increase in | 24881751 |
4,508,956 | AUC and C(max) of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine plasma concentrations in the presence of zolpidem. There was no difference in the next morning performance tests after nighttime treatment of zolpidem alone after 17 consecutive days of fluoxetine treatment, or after zolpidem in the presence of steady-state plasma concentrations of fluoxetine. Both zolpidem and fluoxetine were well tolerated alone or in combination. It is concluded that the onset of action of zolpidem may possibly be shortened in the presence of fluoxetine, but no other significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions occurred between zolpidem and fluoxetine. | 24881751 |
4,508,957 | [Management of children with HBV or HCV infection before and after liver and/or kidney transplantation]. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to present current guidelines for the management of children with hepatitis B or C before and after liver and/or renal transplantation. METHODS Analysis of: (1) recommendations on treatment of hepatitis B and C issued by Polish Expert Groups, and (2) National Health Fund treatment programs for 2005 and 2006. RESULTS Specific guidelines for treatment of children with HBV or HCV infections qualified for liver and/or kidney transplantation are discussed. CONCLUSIONS National Health Fund treatment programs for 2005 and 2006 do not allow to treat transplant children according to the recommendations. | 7827101 |
4,508,958 | Non-invasive electrocologram: non-invasive recording of the human colonic electrical activity. The electrical activity of the descending colon of fifteen healthy volunteers was recorded non-invasively by cutaneous electrodes sticked on the abdominal wall along the descending colon projection--electrocologram (EColG). The electrical activity of the colon and stomach was recorded by an original electrogastrograph. The means, S.E.M. of the frequency of the colonic and gastric waves were calculated. Parallel studies of the EColG and the changes in the intracolonic pressure were performed on 10 patients with balloon inflated in the colon. Two kinds of EColG waves according to their frequency were identified: i) Type A waves with a frequency of 5.86 +/- 0.59 cpm and ii) Type B waves with a frequency of 2.35 +/- 0.25 cpm. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of the EColG waves and the frequency of the EGG waves -3.35 +/- 0.31 cpm. The type A waves were of low amplitude and corresponded to type A dog colonic waves i.e. they characterized the quiescent period of colonic motility. Type B waves were with a high amplitude, corresponded to type B dog colonic waves and characterised the activity periods of colonic motility. This was confirmed by the correspondence between type B waves and the changes in the intracolonic pressure. Thus the proposed non-invasive electrogastrographic method proved to be suitable for non-invasive registration of the electrical activity of the human colon. | 37518651 |
4,508,959 | The regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in patient with Dercum's disease. Dercum's disease or adiposis dolorosa is a poorly understood disorder with painful fatty deposits in the skin localized to the lower extremities. The etiology is unknown. In such a patient the mechanisms of local regulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was investigated by the local 133Xenon washout technique. The patient was reinvestigated one week after treatment with intravenous lidocaine. The local vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure was not present in this patient, but reappeared after lidocaine treatment. Autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was present before as well as after lidocaine treatment. It seems likely that a pain elicited increase in sympathetic activity in the vasoconstrictor fibres abolished the normal vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure. The mechanism of pain relief after intravenous lidocaine infusion is uncertain, but central as well as peripheral mechanisms may be considered. | 39058101 |
4,508,960 | Are concepts useful for organizing search results This paper reports an explorative study on organizing search results by concepts that are selected titles of Wiki pages. Because of limited display areas and for ease of navigation, two novel algorithms identify at most three general concepts, and at most five of their specific concepts for display. Our evaluation shows that the retrieval effectiveness improvement is significant at 90% confidence level using the paired student's t-test, albeit our users have no access to document titles nor to the content. | 207928351 |
4,508,961 | Electronic Document Management: Challenges and Opportunities for Information Systems Managers Harnessing information technology to manage documents is one of the most important challenges facing I/S managers in this decade. It is important because most of the valuable information in organizations is in the form of documents such as business forms, reports, letters, memos, policy statements, contracts, agreements, etc. Moreover, most of the important business processes in organizations are based on, or driven by, document flows. Electronic Document management (EDM) promises major productivity and performance increases by applying new technology to documents and document processing.The purposes of this paper are to show the value of new technology for managing Documents, to illustrate the variety of ways this value can be realized, to develop some structure for understanding this rapidly evolving field, and to suggest some actions I/S managers can take now to prepare for this revolution in information management. The paper argues that the I/S Department, as the developers and managers of the technical infrastructure for EDM, will be in a position to lead this evolution as major change agents as they did in the EDP and MIS eras, but some specific actions will be needed to assume this leadership role.This paper explores the scope and importance of EDM in more detail, and illustrates how it expands our view' of information management. It is designed to help structure the field by approaching it from three perspectives: technologies that are making EDM possible, the application areas in which business value are being realized, and the roles and responsibilities | 19231801 |
4,508,962 | of several departments that will be involved in developing EDM. The paper suggests what I/S managers can do now to begin preparing for this major advancement in information management. | 19231801 |
4,508,963 | Sorption of Organic Compounds by Al and Zr-Hydroxy-Intercalated and Pillared Bentonite Owing to their large and chemically active surface, hydroxy-intercalated and pillared clays can be potent sorbents for organic compounds. The sorption behavior of Al and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated bentonite (HAl-, HZr-MX80), Al and Zr-pillared bentonite (Al-MX80, Zr-MX80), and a commercial Al-pillared bentonite (EXM 534) for 3-chloroaniline (3-CA), atrazine (AT), and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) was investigated. The results were compared with the sorption behavior of the untreated Na-rich bentonite (MX80) and granulated activated carbon (GAC). Also the influence of the salinity of the sorbate and the age of the sorbents was studied.Al and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites sorbed higher amounts of 3-CA, AT, and 3-CP than the untreated bentonite. The quantities sorbed related to the electron-donating properties of the sorbate and the acidity of the sorbents. Sorbed quantities increased from the hydroxy-intercalated to the pillared species, and from the Al to the Zr forms. The organic bases, 3-CA and AT, were sorbed in higher quantities than the organic acid 3-CP. For AT, the sorbents exhibited a high affinity. Aging of the samples and a high ionic strength of the sorbate reduced the sorption of 3-CA, whereas the sorption of AT was not affected greatly. The sorption capacity of GAC for organic bases was generally higher than that of the hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites.The data suggest that at initial concentrations at a ppm level, 3-CA and AT can be entirely removed from aqueous solutions by Al and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites. These materials, especially Zr-pillared bentonites, represent potent alternative sorbents | 54794651 |
4,508,964 | for atrazine, chloroanilines, and probably a wide range of other organic bases. | 54794651 |
4,508,965 | Pneumogram recordings and cerebral computed tomography as predictors of the severity of infant apnea. We studied several predictors of severity of apnea and caretakers' anxiety about home cardiorespiratory monitoring in 476 families with infants enrolled in a perinatal follow-up program. Thirty-six (8%) of the infants had apparent life-threatening events at home. These infants were compared with the remaining infants, who had benign outcomes. Normal pneumograms and normal cerebral computed tomographic scans predicted the absence of significant respiratory problems (99% and 100% true negative rates, respectively). Infants with these signs may not require home monitoring. This study used a stringent criterion of periodic breathing (< or = 3% of quiet time) in defining a normal pneumogram. A more common criterion (< or = 10%) would have accurately predicted only 45% and missed 55% of the infants with life-threatening events. Level of caretakers' anxiety about monitoring was related to severity of apnea. Parental anxiety about monitoring may have been overestimated in previous research. | 24659051 |
4,508,966 | Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a review of the literature and novel therapeutic approaches Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is defined as pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by single or recurrent pulmonary emboli and is characterized by chronic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries leading to increased vascular resistance and PH. Also, progressive remodeling may occur in occluded and nonoccluded territories. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and risk factors could improve diagnosis and allow appropriate interventions. Pulmonary endarterectomy is an established approach and is considered the definitive treatment for chronic PH, resulting from thromboembolic disease. Furthermore, percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty is technically feasible, especially for those with peripheral-type of the disease. In addition, several agents, including prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, have been tested in selected patients yielding promising results. Several novel agents are under investigation, and extensive research is currently in progress aiming to resolve uncertainties in the understanding and treatment of the disease. | 42639001 |
4,508,967 | The Effect of a Liberal Approach to Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A multicenter, parallel-group, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Rationale Blood glucose concentrations affect outcomes in critically ill patients but the optimal target blood glucose range in those with type 2 diabetes is unknown. Objective To evaluate the effects of a 'liberal' approach to targeted blood glucose range during intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods This mutlicenter, parallel-group, open-label, randomized clinical trial included 419 adult patients with type 2 diabetes expected to be in the ICU on at least three consecutive days. In the intervention group intravenous insulin was commenced at a blood glucose >252 mg/dL and titrated to a target range of 180 to 252 mg/dL. In the comparator group insulin was commenced at a blood glucose >180 mg/dL and titrated to a target range of 108 to 180 mg/dL. The primary outcome was incident hypoglycemia (<72 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes included glucose metrics and clinical outcomes. Main Results At least one episode of hypoglycemia occurred in 10 of 210 (5%) patients assigned the intervention and 38 of 209 (18%) patients assigned the comparator (incident rate ratio: 0.21 (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.49); P<0.001). Those assigned the intervention had greater blood glucose concentrations (daily mean, minimum, maximum), less glucose variability and less relative hypoglycaemia (P<0.001 for all comparisons). By day 90, 62 of 210 (29.5%) in the intervention and 52 of 209 (24.9%) in the comparator group had died (absolute difference 4.6 percentage points (95%CI, -3.9 to 13.2%); P=0.29). Conclusions A | 249014101 |
4,508,968 | liberal approach to blood glucose targets reduced incident hypoglycemia but did not improve patient-centered outcomes. Clinical trial registration available at www.anzctr.org.au, ID: ACTRN12616001135404. | 249014101 |
4,508,969 | 3D Ground-Motion Estimation in Rome, Italy Paleoseismic evidence and seismic-hazard analysis suggest that the city of Rome, Italy, has experienced considerable earthquake ground motion since its establishment more than 2000 years ago. Seismic hazards in Rome are mainly associated with two active seismogenic areas: the Alban Hills and the Central Apennines regions, located about 20 km southeast and 80–100 km east of central Rome. Within the twentieth century, M 6.8 and M 5.3 earthquakes in the Apennines and the Alban Hills, respectively, have generated intensities up to Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale (mcs) VII in the city. With a lack of strong-motion records, we have generated a 3D velocity model for Rome, embedded in a 1D regional model, and estimated long-period (<1 Hz) ground motions for such scenarios from finite-difference simulations of viscoelastic wave propagation. We find 1-Hz peak ground velocities (PGVs) and peak ground accelerations (PGAs) of up to 14 cm/sec and 44 cm/sec2, respectively, for a M 5.3 Alban Hills scenario, largest near the northwestern edge of the Tiber River. Our six simulations of a M 7.0 Central Apennine scenario generate 0.5-Hz PGVs in Rome of up to 9 cm/sec, as well as extended duration up to 60 sec. The peak motions are similar to, but the durations much longer than those from previous studies that omitted important wave-guide effects between the source and the city. The results from the two scenarios show that the strongest ground-motion amplification in Rome occurs in the Holocene alluvial areas, with strong basin edge effects in the Tiber River valley. Our | 129717451 |
4,508,970 | results are in agreement with earlier 2D SH - wave results showing amplification of peak velocities by up to a factor of 2 in the alluvial sediments, largest near the contact to the surrounding Plio-Pleistocene formations. Our results suggest that both earthquakes from the Alban Hills and the Central Apennines regions contribute to the seismic hazards in Rome. Although earthquakes from the former area may generate the larger peak motions, seismic waves from the latter region may generate ground motions with extended durations capable of causing significant damage on the built environment. | 129717451 |
4,508,971 | [The participation of the neurons of the caudal ventrolateral area of the medulla oblongata in the cat in regulating vascular tonus]. Inhibition of the separate neuronal groups located in the caudal ventrolateral part of the cat medulla at different depths from the brain surface is followed by the development of unidirectional cardiohemodynamic reactions. Microinjection of 30 nl of 0.1 M solution of glycine in the chemosensitive area "L" at a depth not more than 700 microns is followed by an increase of the arterial pressure to 160-225%, presumably, due to enhancement of the total peripheral vascular resistance, the cardiac output and heart rate change insignificantly. Such direction of hemodynamic changes is due to activation of the neurogenic vascular tone. Data obtained give the possibility to appreciate investigated neuronal groups as tonically active, with an inhibitory influence on sympathetically activation of the vessels. The method of the retrograde axonal transport of HRP was used to determine monosynaptic projections from different neuronal pools of the caudal ventrolateral part of medulla to the subsolitary district of the reticular formation. The data obtained contribute to comprehension of mechanisms of interaction in the dorsal and ventral areas of the medulla participating in the regulation of the vascular tone. | 2610951 |
4,508,972 | Design of foundations Discover your passion, design your story, and innovate the future at the University of Utah College of Architecture + Planning. The Design Foundations Program for undergraduate students fosters an ethic of care in our designers, planners, architects, and those interested in the built environment. Course map intended for general information. Students must meet with advisor for individual advising. | 200213201 |
4,508,973 | An efficient pyramid image coding system The pyramid image structure can be naturally adapted for progressive image transmission over low-speed channels and hierarchical image retrieving in computerized image archiving. An efficient pyramid image coding system using quadrature mirror filters to form the image-pyramids is proposed in this paper. Characteristics of the image-pyramids are presented. Since the Laplacian pyramids of most nature images contain sparse and spatially concentrated data, a combined run-length coding for zero-valued elements and entropy coding for elements larger than a certain threshold is employed. The textural features in the Laplacian pyramids suggest that coding techniques pursuing spatial correlation may be advantageous. Therefore, vector quantization is chosen to code the Laplacian pyramids. Simulation results have shown that simple vector quantization accomplished significant bit-rate reduction over scalar quantization. The proposed system has also shown good-quality reproduction at bit rates lower than 1 bit/pixel. | 122731001 |
4,508,974 | Study on the Seed Production of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in a Pilot Scale Recirculating Aquaculture System Seed production of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was performed in a pilot RAS. The growth of juvenile olive flounder and changes in water quality were monitored for the entire production period. The pilot RAS consisted of 8 circular culture tanks (4.0 m D×1.0 m H), 2 trickling biofilters (1.7 m D×2.0 m H), 2 protein skimmers (0.8 m D×2.5 m H), and 4 sedimentation chambers (0.7 m D×1.5 m H). The culture surface area was about 100.5 ㎡ and the actual working volume was about 106.9 ㎥. As many as 300,000 fertilized olive flounder eggs were initially distributed into 2 culture tanks with the water temperature at 19.0℃. Live feeds such as rotifers and Artemia nauplii were fed until the 32nd day after hatching, and a commercial diet was fed from the 19th day to the end of the experiment. After 70 days, 150,256 juveniles with a body length of 65.8±3.9 ㎜ were produced in the RAS, with a daily growth rate for body length of 4.7%/day. At this time, the final culture density was 1,495 individuals m?², and 13.6 l of makeup water, 0.071 ㎾ of electricity and 0.025 l of diesel fuel were used to produce a juvenile olive flounder. During metamorphosis of the larvae, the TAN concentration increased to 0.99 ㎎/l, which made the larvae sensitive to result in some mortality. However no more massive mortality occurred at the juvenile stage after metamorphosis even at a | 83536351 |
4,508,975 | TAN concentration of 4.25 ㎎/l and a NO₂?-N concentration of 2.45 ㎎/l. | 83536351 |
4,508,976 | Clitoral length in immature and mature captive tufted capuchin (Sapajus spp.) females: A cross‐sectional study Quantitative data on female external genital morphology are sporadic in the primate literature, and the intraspecific and interfemale variation is especially under investigated (e.g., external clitoris length). Since in most anthropoid primate species female external genitals are relatively small and often hidden, for those species whose external clitoris is described as hypertrophic, external genital resemblance may represent a source of confusion in distinguishing the sexes at a distance. This is the case of both captive and wild tufted capuchin (Sapajus spp.) infants. We provided data on external clitoral length and investigated differences in this trait at different ages in a captive female tufted capuchin population. Since likely allometric growth describes changes in relative dimensions of parts of the body that are correlated with changes in overall size, clitoris length has been analyzed by using body weight as a covariate. We measured clitoral length by adapting a technique developed for spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Our results suggest that the small body size may be only in part responsible of the perception of long clitoris in female infants, since the clitoris is actually longer in immature females compared to adult ones and its size is inversely related to body weight. While the cross‐sectional nature of these data does not allow for conclusive interpretation of the results, we tentatively suggest this phenomenon as a transient male‐mimicry by immature females. Our study contributed to the description of normative data in a clitoral trait, thus providing | 216074351 |
4,508,977 | foundation for future studies about causal mechanisms and possible adaptive function(s). | 216074351 |
4,508,978 | Pelvic reactive lymphadenopathy mimicking lymph node metastasis of heel malignant melanoma 841 (figure 1E). This missense mutation leads to a substitution of one conserved amino acid, p.Arg916Trp, in the deaminase domain of ADAR1 (figure 1F). We recommended daily sun protection using a chemicalfree sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) 50+ and a protection grade of UVA (PA) ++ + +. Before going to nursery school, the patient applied Biore UV PERFECT Spray (SPF 50 + , PA ++ + +) (Kao, Tokyo, Japan) daily, and during and after nursery school, she applied a second non-chemical UV sunscreen (SPF 45, PA ++ + +) (Shiseido, Tokyo, Japan) every three hours. In addition, she always wore long-sleeved shirts, a cap, and sunglasses during outdoor activities. We compared the severity of the lesions on the dorsum of her hands before starting sunscreen in early summer to that in early spring of the following year. The skin lesions on the dorsal hands had become less severe. Her parents were satisfied with the results and continued the sun protection. Some treatments for DSH have been proposed [4, 5], but no causal treatments have been developed until now. Although bi-allelic mutations or the heterozygous p.Gly1007Arg mutation in ADAR1 occur in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome [3, 6], DSH patients with mono-allelic ADAR1 mutations other than p.Gly1007Arg tend to have milder complications [7]. Thus, most DSH patients are followed without any specific treatment. However, we hear from many DSH patients that from early childhood, the affected dorsal hands cause significant psychological stress in public settings. Seasonal | 53501651 |
4,508,979 | changes in the severity of DSH lesions have been reported [8, 9]. In the present case, as sunscreen application was started in early summer and the next examination was in the following early spring, we consider that the change in severity was due not only to sunscreen use, but also to seasonal changes. Previous investigations into seasonal variations have revealed that the increased darkness of normal-appearing areas of DSH lesions in summer may enhance the contrast between normal-appearing areas and hypopigmented macules, and it was speculated that this contrast enhancement might lead DSH patients to consider that their skin symptoms were exacerbated [9]. Sunlight exposure does not directly induce DSH skin manifestations, but is merely a temporary modifier of the symptoms [9]. As a differential diagnosis for the present case, we considered dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH), another form of hereditary dyschromatosis, which shows similar dyschromatosis over the entire body and is caused by mutations in ABCB6 [10]. In our patient, we excluded the diagnosis of DUH based on the acral distribution of dyschromatosis and the presence of the causative ADAR1 mutation. Both DSH and DUH lesions may be emphasized by suntan. Thus, sunscreen could be particularly useful for patients who have skin types that are prone to suntan. To date, we recommend daily sun protection for all DSH patients, particularly younger patients. Unlike xeroderma pigmentosum, there is no increased risk of UV-induced skin cancer in DSH patients. Nevertheless, we consider that sunscreen application may be of value for DSH patients with cosmetic issues. | 53501651 |
4,508,980 | Hepatic Transaminases in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional, Analytic Study The risk of chronic liver disease is higher in patient with type 2 diabetes than general population. Raised serum transaminases levels are a sensitive indicator of liver cell injury. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of elevated serum transaminases levels in type-2 diabetic patients and to identify the associated risk factors. In this cross-sectional type of analytic study, ninety-three purposively selected type-2 diabetic patients and equal number of healthy subjects were studied. Subjects who were taking hepatotoxic drugs and known to have any liver disease were excluded. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were recorded from all participants. Liver function tests, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile and ultrasonography of the HBS were performed. Raised levels of serum ALT, AST and ALP were found in 22.6%, 14.0% and 4.3% diabetic patients and in 4.3%, 3.2% and 3.2% healthy control. Mean serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlation observed between serum ALT level with fasting blood sugar, BMI and waist circumference but significant negative correlation observed between ALT level and age of the patient and duration of the diabetes. Study results were in accordance with previously reported high prevalence rates of abnormal liver enzymes in type-2 diabetic patients. Early detection of liver enzyme abnormality and intervention will help to prevent further progression to chronic liver disease. Screening of type-2 diabetic patients with serum ALT and AST is recommended. | 253790101 |
4,508,981 | Beta-adrenoceptor blockers in atrial fibrillation: the importance of partial agonist activity. The ideal drug treatment for atrial fibrillation will control resting heart rate, blunt exercise induced tachycardia whilst not exacerbating nocturnal bradycardia. Mono-therapy with digoxin may not be ideal. We have compared the effect of combining digoxin (0.25 mg daily) with atenolol 50 mg and 100 mg or pindolol 5 mg twice daily and 15 mg twice daily in a cross-over randomised single-blind trial in eight symptomatic patients (six male; mean age 62 years) with poorly controlled atrial fibrillation. Heart rate control was measured by 24 h ECG at baseline on digoxin therapy and after 2 weeks with each treatment. Symptom scores for breathlessness and palpitation were measured using visual analogue scales. nocturnal bradycardia whereas pindolol reduced pauses and nocturnal bradycardia. | 40690551 |
4,508,982 | Variations in surface gloss on parts made by gas assisted injection moulding Abstract Gas assisted injection moulding has proved to be a breakthrough in moulding technology for thermoplastic materials. However, there are still unsolved problems that limit the overall success of this technique. The aim of this work was to study the phenomenon of gloss variations occurring across the surfaces of gas assisted injection moulded parts. Experiments were carried out on an 80 t injection moulding machine equipped with a high pressure, nitrogen gas injection unit. The materials used were pigmented acrylonitrile/butadiene/ styrene and polypropylene. A plate cavity with a gas channel across its centre was used to mould the parts. Various processing parameters were varied: melt temperature; mould temperature; melt filling speed; short shot size; gas pressure; and gas injection delay time. After moulding, a glossmeter was used to determine the effects of these processing parameters on the surface gloss profiles of the parts. A roughness meter and scanning electronic microscope were also employed to characterise the surface quality of moulded parts. In addition, a numerical analysis of the filling process was carried out to help better understand the mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of surface gloss variations. It was found that the surface gloss difference occurs mainly in the transition area between channel and plate in the moulded parts, which might be the result of the shear stress gradient in the polymer melt during the filling process. Surface roughness of moulded parts might also be another factor resulting in the gloss difference problem. PRC/1720 | 136619951 |
4,508,983 | Does Labor Force Participation Reduce Informal Caregiving? This paper examines the causal impact of labor force participation on informal caregiving. To address the endogeneity of labor force participation, we exploit local business cycles and instrument for individual labor force participation with state unemployment rates. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we find that labor force participation significantly reduces informal caregiving. Among women, working an additional 10 hours per week reduces the probability of providing informal care by 12.5 percentage points and reduces the number of care hours by 32 percent. We also find that the effect of labor force participation is stronger among women with low income and wealth, who are the most important target of many welfare policies that promote labor force participation. Our results imply that demographic trends and work-promoting policies have the unintended consequence of reducing informal caregiving in an aging society that faces rising demand for informal care. | 155592851 |
4,508,984 | Towards Hardware Optimal Neural Network Selection with Multi-Objective Genetic Search The selection of hyperparameters and circuit components for optimum hardware implementation of a neural network is a challenging task, which has not been automated yet. This work proposes the method for the selection of optimum neural network architecture and hyperparameters using genetic algorithm based on the hardware-related performance metrics, such an on-chip area, power consumption, processing time and robustness to hardware non-idealities, and focus on memristor-based analog network architecture. The experimental results show that the proposed approach allows to select the optimum architecture based on the designers' preferences. | 224887521 |
4,508,985 | Lee v. State of Oregon. The U.S. District Court, District of Oregon, granted the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction to Measure 16, a ballot measure passed by Oregon voters that authorizes physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill. The plaintiffs were physicians, terminally ill patients, and residential care facilities, and they sued the state, challenging the constitutionality of Measure 16. The court held that (1) the plaintiffs had standing; (2) serious questions were presented as to whether the measure violated the plaintiffs' freedom of association, freedom of religion, due process, and equal protection rights; and (3) the balance of hardships favored the plaintiffs. The public interest in protecting vulnerable citizens from irreparable harm of death was held to be greater than the hardship to terminally ill patients who want physician-assisted suicide to be immediately available. | 779121 |
4,508,986 | Another failed promise? NTZ gets the nix. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted to not grant accelerated approval to Unimed's nitazoxanide (NTZ) for treatment of cryptosporidial diarrhea. There were problems with the enrollment and with the methodology of the trial. The introduction of protease inhibitors caused the incidence of cryptosporidiosis to decline, and patients with cryptosporidiosis were unwilling to submit to placebo treatments to test the new drug. In addition, the drug's availability has become more widespread because it can be imported from Mexico by individuals or through buyer's clubs. | 33691371 |
4,508,987 | Compliance or Defiance? Whereas the global water community may have reached consensus on the need for water providers to operate on the basis of commercial principles, staff of water utilities are faced with the challenge of implementing these principles in their everyday work. In the everyday domain, these principles appear to directly conflict with the mandate of water operators to provide water services to all. Moreover, the socio-political, economic and bio-physical context in which these water operate may be ill-suited to implement commercialization. In pursuing commercialization these operators adapt, reinterpret, modify, deflect, alter or betray the original principles of commercialization during implementation. This research takes inspiration from the rich literature on policy implementation and policy translation, which argues that policy models need to be transformed and modified if they are to be successfully adopted or implemented. This research analyzes the alterations visible in the daily implementation of commercial models of water provisioning and, in doing so, present a better understanding of how water operators implement policy prescriptions of commercialization in practice. Based on the analysis of the adaptations and (re)interpretations of the implemented model of commercialization in the different cases, this thesis argues that a new way of speaking about commercialization should be developed. | 213247621 |
4,508,988 | Adolescent’s psychological health in Iran Abstract Aim Adolescence is characterized by dynamic brain development in which the interaction with the social environment shapes the capabilities an individual takes forward into adult life. Improvement of adolescent psychological health depends on the recognition of their needs during this critical transition period. This study aimed to explain the concept of psychological health needs from the perspectives of male adolescents to improve the health of both adolescents and society. Method In this qualitative study with a content analysis approach, 52 male adolescents aged 13–18 years participated in 10 semi-structured individual interviews and seven focus group discussions. They expressed their experiences and opinions regarding psychological health needs. Purposive sampling was performed to recruit the adolescents in different areas of Tehran in 2017. Collected data was analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. Results The findings were divided into two main themes and five sub-themes including ‘self-esteem (self-cognition and Suitable relationship between teen and family)’, ‘Well-being and calmness (Intellectual affinity, Rich leisure time, Religious beliefs)’. Conclusion To promote emotional health in adolescents, it is necessary to plan for the empowerment of community, family, schools by health authorities and devise appropriate health policies. | 204966221 |
4,508,989 | Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability. The dye exclusion test is used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. It is based on the principle that live cells possess intact cell membranes that exclude certain dyes, such as trypan blue, Eosin, or propidium, whereas dead cells do not. In this test, a cell suspension is simply mixed with dye and then visually examined to determine whether cells take up or exclude dye. In the protocol presented here, a viable cell will have a clear cytoplasm whereas a nonviable cell will have a blue cytoplasm. | 205155071 |
4,508,990 | Could Microalgae Enhance the Germination of Tribulus Terrestris L. Seeds? ABSTRACT Seeds of Tribulus terrestris L. were sown in transparent plastic leaky boxes, at a depth of 4–5 mm in sand. The transparent pots were put on plates, where water has been added through the bottom holes and capillary ascending to the surface. The temperature of soil was 20–37 °C, temperature of air 20–40 °C. Either the soil microalgae, or preliminary grown microalgal suspension, single added with the water has been thriving at these conditions. At all experiments, the first seeds germinated exactly 3 days after they have been sown. Above 90% of the seeds germinated to 7–9 day and single of them to 20 day. Inside, on the wall of the pots, green collour appeared due to microalgae and significantly later mosses appeared, too. Having worked with seeds from Pazardzhik a germination of 31 ± 12% was achieved (74 seeds). Seeds gathered from nature, Black Sea coast, Zarevo, have germinated 7 of 10 in a single experiment. The manner of work is in consistency with a possible breeding of the plant as greenhouse seedlings. | 86603621 |
4,508,991 | Free‐living chemoautotrophic and particle‐attached heterotrophic prokaryotes dominate microbial assemblages along a pelagic redox gradient Using the anoxic Cariaco Basin as a natural laboratory, particle association of bacterial and archaeal taxa was assessed by iTag sequencing and qPCR gene assays of samples spanning an oxic-anoxic-euxinic gradient. A total of 10%-12% of all bacterial and archaeal cells were found in the particle-associated (PA) fraction, operationally defined as prokaryotes captured on 2.7 µm membranes. Both redox condition and size fraction segregated bacterial taxa. Archaeal taxa varied according to redox conditions, but were similar between size fractions. Taxa putatively associated with chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidation and nitrification dominated the free-living (FL) fraction throughout the oxycline (< 1-120 µM O2 ) and upper anoxic layer. Bacteria in the oxycline's PA fraction included taxa known to be aerobic and anaerobic chemoorganotrophs. At shallow anoxic depths, PA taxa were primarily affiliated with anaerobic sulfate ( SO42-)-reducing lineages. PA fractions in the most sulfidic samples were dominated by taxa affiliated with CH4 oxidizing, fermenting and SO42- reducing lineages. Prevalence of particle-associated SO42--reducing taxa and abundant sulfur-oxidizing taxa in both size fractions across the oxic-anoxic interface is consistent with the cryptic sulfur cycling concept. Bacterial assemblage diversity in the PA fraction always exceeded the FL fraction except in the most oxic samples, whereas Archaeal diversity was not consistently different between size fractions. Our results suggest that these particle-associated and free-living bacterial assemblages are functionally different and that the interplay between particle microhabitats and surrounding geochemical regimes is a strong selective force shaping microbial communities throughout the | 46834121 |
4,508,992 | water column. | 46834121 |
4,508,993 | Real-time spacecraft simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing The integration of flight hardware with real-time simulations increases spacecraft attitude control systems (ACS) reliability by providing greater test coverage through end-to-end testing in a realistic test environment. The paper describes a laboratory environment for development and testing spacecraft ACS and components, with emphasis on the real-time software architecture using RT-Linux. The environment included real-time control and data acquisition applications on a network of RT-Linux computers, Matrix/sub X/ control system design automation tools for real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing, and special test equipment. Hard real-time tasks with periods of 60 microseconds to 1 second were implemented using RT-Linux with a rate monotonic scheduler. This facility is currently being used for end-to-end tests on the Odin spacecraft ACS flight hardware, and work is in progress to support ACS R&D and Canadian satellite missions. | 31446821 |
4,508,994 | APOE: A potential marker of disease progression in ALS Abstract—Although documented in AD, the role of APOE remains unclear in ALS. APOE phenotype and plasma levels were measured in 403 patients with ALS and were correlated with clinical parameters and survival time. No correlations were observed between the APOE phenotype and these variables. In contrast, APOE plasma levels were correlated with both rate of deterioration and survival time and appeared to be an important risk factor for decreased survival time with a relative risk of 0.647 (95% CI: 0.465 to 0.901;p = 0.01). | 28443571 |
4,508,995 | Bench-scale evaluation of chemically bonded phosphate ceramic technology to stabilize mercury waste mixtures. This bench-scale study was conducted to evaluate the stabilization of mercury (Hg) and mercuric chloride-containing surrogate test materials by the chemically bonded phosphate ceramics technology. This study was performed as part of a U.S. EPA program to evaluate treatment and disposal alternatives to the current land disposal restriction (LDR) treatment standards for mercury. The stabilized materials were subjected to a suite of leaching tests: one test characterized the solubility and release behavior of mercury as a function of pH between the pH values of 2 and 12; the second test used the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP); and the third leaching test used the TCLP “cage” modification. TCLP results showed that leachability of Hg decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude and a maximum of five orders of magnitude. The three leachability test methods produced similar amounts of leached mercury, but the test that studied mercury solubility as a function of pH released slightly high... | 97966571 |
4,508,996 | [Susceptibility to antibiotics of some species of Enterobacter isolated from various clinical materials]. We investigated 185 strains of Enterobacter spp. (E. cloacae--143 strains, E. agglomerans--15 strains, E. sakazakii--14 strains and E. aerogenes--13 strains) isolated from several clinical materials. An agar diffusion assay on Mueller-Hinton Agar was performed (according to NCCLS procedure and National Reference Center of Microorganisms' Drug-sensitiveness at Central Laboratory of Sera and Vaccinations in Warsaw Poland). E. cloacae: about 90% of the strains were sensitive to carbapenems. 85.3% of the isolates were susceptible to piperacillin + tazobactam. About 80% of the strains were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. E. agglomerans: all strains were susceptible to imipenem, and 86.7%--to meropenem. 86.7% of the strains were susceptible to ureidopenicillins + inhibitors of beta-lactamases. About 80% of the isolates were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. E. sakazakii: all isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. About 90% of the strains were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and 50%--to ciprofloxacin. E. aerogenes: all of the strains were susceptible to carbapenems and ciprofloxacin, 92.3%--to cotrimoxazole. | 33682421 |
4,508,997 | Anticipatory Public Speaking State Anxiety as a Function of Body Sensations and State of Mind This study examined the relationships among a public speaker's body sensations, state of mind, and anticipatory public speaking state anxiety. A negative relationship was found to exist between speaker state of mind and anticipatory public speaking anxiety, and a positive relationship was found between speaker body sensations and anticipatory public speaking anxiety. Moreover, speaker state of mind and body sensations combined to predict anticipatory public speaking anxiety. | 143691871 |
4,508,998 | A Robust Routing Algorithm with Fair Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Network There has been a growing interest in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considering the limited energy, memory and computational capacity of the sensor nodes, it becomes necessary to ensure rational use of their resources. The fairness and congestion control are also need to be taken into account. It is in this context that a robust routing algorithm with fair congestion control in wireless sensor network (called RRA- FCC) is proposed. RRA-FCC performs a low cost and robust routing based on dividing the monitoring region into several subareas initially. Furthermore, RRA-FCC provides a fair congestion control, which improves the whole network fairness in congestion. The simulation results show that RRA-FCC performs well in the throughput of Sink nodes, energy consumption and the whole network fairness in congestion. | 14084271 |
4,508,999 | The role of applying good governance mechanisms to contribute to increasing confidence in integrated reporting in light of the Covid-19 pandemic The study mainly aimed to identify the role of applying good governance mechanisms to contribute to increasing confidence in integrated reports in light of the Covid 19 pandemic, and to answer questions and test the study hypotheses. Analysis of the results of the applied study and hypothesis testing using the statistical program (SPSS). The questionnaire was also distributed, after its evaluation and judging by a number of specialists, to the study community consisting of general directors, directors of financial and administrative departments, and heads of financial and administrative departments working in investment companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange of (43) employees, and the comprehensive inventory method was used due to the small size the society. The results of the study showed that the board of directors in the investment companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) is carefully determining the responsibilities and tasks well to facilitate the task of those in charge of governance to produce integrated reports that are credible, transparent and high quality in light of the Covid-19 pandemic . | 245195421 |
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