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4,507,800 | Studies on the mechanism of action of coenzyme B 12 . The formation of 5'-deoxyadenosine and B 12(r) in the reaction of dioldehydrase with chloroacetaldehyde. Abstract When chloroacetaldehyde is added to dioldehydrase and coenzyme B12, tritium exchange with the C-5' hydrogen of enzyme-bound coenzyme B12 occurs without chemical modification of chloroacetaldehyde. The reaction also leads to loss of enzyme activity and the conversion of the adenosyl moiety of the enzyme-bound coenzyme to 5'-deoxyadenosine. 5'-Deoxyadenosine formation is stoichiometric with enzyme inactivation. We tentatively conclude that an enzyme-bound intermediate occurs which consists of 5'-deoxyadenosine or closely related compound and an adduct between chloroacetaldehyde and the cobalamin. The chloroacetaldehyde-cobalamin adduct, unlike that derived from other substrates, is unstable and decomposes to as yet unidentified products. As a result of this decomposition 5'-deoxyadenosine accumulates. Chloroacetaldehyde labels the enzyme covalently in the presence or absence of coenzyme. One mole of chloroacetaldehyde is introduced per mole of enzyme. This process is much slower than the enzyme inactivation which occurs when chloroacetaldehyde is added to the enzyme-coenzyme complex and is therefore not the cause of inactivation. Addition of chloroacetaldehyde to dioldehydrase-coenzyme B12, brings about a spectral change which is far more rapid than enzyme inactivation. The resulting spectrum is very similar to that of cob(II)alamin and indicates that essentially all of the enzyme-bound coenzyme is converted to cob(II)alamin. Addition of N2O to dioldehydrase-coenzyme B12 leads to a 10 to 15% reduction in rate, but no coenzyme inactivation was found. Our data do not warrant the conclusion, reached by others, that N2O reacts with | 31860421 |
4,507,801 | cob(I)alamin derived from the coenzyme. | 31860421 |
4,507,802 | [The effect of local anesthetics on the isolated human right atrial appendages--1: A comparison of inhibition of contractility with bupivacaine and lidocaine]. The inhibition of cardiac muscle contractility with bupivacaine was about tenfold of that with lidocaine, namely the ID50 values of bupivacaine and lidocaine were 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M, respectively. With bupivacaine above 3 x 10(-6) M, the contraction was diminished completely. In the medium of a high calcium concentration (Ca2+:5.0 mM), the effect of lidocaine (10(-5) M) was antagonized markedly, but that of bupivacaine was not antagonized so much. These results suggest that they might have some different mechanisms in respect to the inhibition of the contractility, for instance bupivacaine affecting mainly sarcoplasmic reticulum and lidocaine affecting mainly sarcolemma. | 23570871 |
4,507,803 | Military supply chain management strategies under demand disruption This research examines the incentive strategy of defense supply chain when using contracted supplier to react to emergent affairs. We model the channel member as between a supplier and a defense purchaser, and treat the demand as being linear in delivery time. We use this analysis to show that incentive is very important to delivery in time, and the purchaser must adjust the strategy when demand-time coefficient changed because of emergent affairs. | 17686171 |
4,507,804 | PWM methods for two-phase inverters This article focuses on simple space-vector PWM (SPWM) methods for two-leg, three-leg, and four-leg inverters that can be applied to three phase induction motor drives (TPIM). First, a carrier-based PWM method for a two-leg inverter was proposed on the basis of the conventional SPWM method. Second, a carrier-based PWM method for a four leg inverter that used a double triangular carrier wave was proposed. Third, a carrier-based PWM method for a three-leg inverter was proposed as a replacement for a conventional SVPWM method. Digital calculations using the PSIM software package are performed to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed PWM method | 16646271 |
4,507,805 | Justifying private property rights: a message from Hegel's jurisprudential writings This article seeks to unfold the character, scope and trajectory of justifiable property rights within Hegel’s jurisprudential writings. It does so in order to try to make this reputedly ‘difficult’ and much neglected theorist fit for undergraduate consumption on private law courses. If we accept the need for an intelligible social theory of private law, why should lawyers consider that of Hegel? Hegel devoted his last book to a ‘Philosophy of Right. This text is, however, barely mentioned by even the more comprehensive of modern textbooks on jurisprudence. There could be little ground for complaint if such neglect of Hegel’s legal writings were based upon a fully reasoned consideration and then subsequent rejection due to certain vital and demonstrable flaws within them. | 143014371 |
4,507,806 | Modeling of op-amp nonlinearities in pipelined ADC In this paper, we present a behavioral SIMULINK model for the simulation of operational amplifiers (op-amp). The model includes most of the nonlinearities which affect the performance of these circuits, such parameters (noise, finite gain, finite bandwidth, and slew-rate).With the proposed models it is possible to accurately predict with fast simulations the linearity of sample and hold (Stll) circuit and Multiply digital-to-analog (MDAC) circuit that constructed the pipelined ADC. | 45776821 |
4,507,807 | Reliability of the IOLMaster in measuring corneal power changes after hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy. PURPOSE To test the accuracy of the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec) in detecting corneal power changes after hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS Forty-five consecutive eyes that underwent hyperopic PRK with the SCHWIND ESIRIS excimer laser, ranging from +0.75 to +7.00 diopters (D) (mean: +3.84±1.56 D), were analyzed. Data included pre- and postoperative (1, 3, and 6 months) fogging refraction and automated keratometry (K). Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the changes in refraction at the corneal plane and the changes in keratometry. RESULTS The mean difference between the changes in refraction and the measured corneal changes was +0.27±1.19 D (range: -1.91 to +4.28 D) (P=.18) at 1 month; +0.56±0.97 D (range: -1.00 to +2.96 D) (P=.006) at 3 months; and +0.67±0.80 D (range: -0.73 to +2.31 D) (P=.00002) at 6 months. Based on these results, we suggest using the regression formula found at 6-month follow-up (y=0.8074 x + 0.092) to better calculate the effective corneal power. Comparison between the data obtained with IOLMaster measurements and equivalent K readings from the Holladay report obtained with the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) shows good agreement (R(2)=0.9). CONCLUSIONS Automated keratometry provided by the IOLMaster underestimates the effective refractive changes after hyperopic PRK, and a correcting factor is needed to calculate the corneal power in these cases. | 25252871 |
4,507,808 | NHS plc: The Privatisation of Our Health Care F orty years ago, when on a gap year in a remote secondary school in post-colonial Ghana, I was summoned by the headmaster and informed that we had in our library a book the government didn't think we should read. It must therefore be taken out into the bush and burned. Curiously, he suggested the boy for the job, a junior member of the library committee. So I handed both our dog eared copies of Animal Farm to young Kwesi, who nodded thoughtfully and took them away. I never saw them again, but somehow Orwell's fable of Soviet Russia became instantly famous within the school: a cultish clandestine “must read,” passed in secret round the dormitories and quoted and laughed over at breaks—a powerful and brightly topical polemic in a darkening political landscape. ![][1] Allyson M Pollock Verso, £15.99, pp 271 ISBN 1 84467 011 2 Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5] Of course such things could never happen here, but the most gripping section in NHS plc , Allyson Pollock's defence of an NHS under political onslaught, describes her experience in November 2001 … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif | 57824771 |
4,507,809 | A comparison of hospital episode statistics and traditional methods to identify outcomes in a randomized trial; a sub-study of HEAT-PPCI. Background This study aims to compare information from hospital episode statistics (HES) and traditional direct patient contact to identify readmission and clinical events in the follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods The study followed 1812 patients for 28 days using direct contact (DC). In addition, we obtained HES for this period. We examined medical records for all suspected readmissions and determined confirmed events by adjudication. We compared the ability of the individual DC and HES methods to determine readmission and the occurrence of trial-specific events, confirmed at adjudication. Results In the ascertainment of readmission, compared to DC, HES demonstrated a trend towards better sensitivity (identifying 153/166 = 92.2% versus 144/166 = 86.7%; difference = 5.4%, 95% CI: 0.1-11.5%) and better specificity (1492/1492 = 100% versus 1426/1492 = 95.5%; difference = 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.2-5.6%). An examination of HES coding does not identify rates for specific events that match those from adjudication, with limitations in both sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion HES is effective in the ascertainment of readmission and is a useful tool in follow-up. Information from HES provides a reflection of a patient's course and associated cost, as perceived by the healthcare system. Future studies could modify outcome definitions to reflect episode coding. | 58636921 |
4,507,810 | Revised force control using a compliant sensor with a position controlled robot A different way of force control is presented, that is especially advantageous for position controlled robots. Instead of usual force control laws we rely on the well tuned position control loop and just use the force sensor to measure the target pose or to predict the desired trajectory. In combination with a compliant sensor we introduce an inherently stable framework of force control which almost inhibits all control errors. After an unexpected impact the force error is reduced independently from the sensor's bandwidth or delays in signal processing. Thus the (inevitable) impact force is more significant than the measured force control errors. The special case of a sensor that is mounted far away from a vertex-face contact is discussed, too. | 16929921 |
4,507,811 | 2021 NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR CHILDREN'S GRIEF_ClientCopy Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax 2021 Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations) Open to Public G Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public. Department of the Treasury Inspection Internal Revenue Service G Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information. A For the 2021 calendar year, or tax year beginning , 2021, and ending , 20 Employer identification number C D Check if applicable: B | 254769121 |
4,507,812 | MMSE multiuser detection for multi-rate wideband CDMA communications By generalizing and extending the effective user data model for multi-rate access, we precisely study the general performance of various proposed multi-rate schemes for wideband CDMA systems. A linear multiuser receiver structure with antenna arrays that can fit all the considered multi-rate schemes is therefore presented. With the extended data model and the proposed receiver structure, each multi-rate scheme is only distinguished by the bandwidth requirement and the spreading codes used. The numerical results suggest that the decision on employing which multi-rate scheme can be viewed as a trade-off between the power consumption and the hardware complexity of the receivers, as well as operating scenarios. | 5331171 |
4,507,813 | Book Review: Ocular Angiogenesis: Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics The recent intense study of pathogenic ocular angiogenesis an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye, responsible for the major blinding diseases throughout the world has yielded an overwhelming flood of scientific findings, novel insights, and possible future therapeutic approaches. In Ocular Angiogenesis: Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics leading academic and pharmaceutical researchers and clinicians from many disciplines synthesize and summarize these developments to present a comprehensive review of what is known about angiogenesis, its role in blinding diseases, and the mechanisms leading to progressive vessel dysfunction. The authors also identify and assess the most promising approaches with potential for commercial exploitation and discuss the challenges encountered in developing therapeutics for ocular neovascular diseases. Highlights include illuminating chapters on gene therapy and novel drug delivery systems and excellent summaries of the newest therapeutic approaches. A companion CD contains color versions of important figures used in the book. Comprehensive and multidisciplinary, Ocular Angiogenesis: Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics offers a novel view of the clinical features of pathological angiogenesis in the eye, the molecular and environmental switches that govern vessel growth, and the tremendous opportunities for and progress made in the development of new therapeutics. Infection and Inflammation: Impacts on Oncogenesis. Thomas Dittmar, Kurt S Zaenker, Axel Schmidt (Eds). Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 2006, pp 246, ISBN 3-8055-8064-9. | 208150721 |
4,507,814 | Need for blending Agile Methodologies and Lean thinking for ERP implementation: An industry point of view ERP Implementations are known for high failure rates. The reasons cited are schedule or effort slippage and high defect density. Lean and Agile frameworks have been, historically, found to solve similar issues in manufacturing or IT industry. This study finds out the need of framework hybrid of Lean and Agile Methodologies. | 257971 |
4,507,815 | Duration of untreated illness (DUI) and schizophrenia sub-types: A collaborative study between the universities of Milan and Moscow Background: Several studies show an association between a long duration of untreated illness (DUI) and poor outcome in schizophrenic patients. DUI, in turn, may be influenced by different variables including specific illness-related factors as well as access to local psychiatric services. Aims: The purposes of the present study were to detect differences in terms of DUI among schizophrenics coming from different geographic areas and to evaluate differences in DUI across diagnostic sub-types. Method: One hundred and twenty-five (125) schizophrenic patients of the Psychiatric Clinic of Milan (n = 51) and Moscow (n = 74) were enrolled. SCID-I was administered to all patients and information about DUI was obtained by consulting clinical charts and health system databases, and by means of clinical interviews with patients and their relatives. DUI was defined as the time between the onset of illness and the administration of the first antipsychotic drug. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to find eventual differences in terms of DUI across diagnostic sub-types. Results: Italian patients showed a longer DUI (M = 4.14 years, SD = 4.95) than Russians (M = 1.16 years, SD = 1.43) (F = 24.03, p < .001). DUI was found to be longer in paranoid schizophrenics (M = 3.47 years, SD = 4.19) compared to catatonic patients (M = 0.96 years, SD = 0.94) (F = 3.56, p = .016). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the different schizophrenic | 38202221 |
4,507,816 | sub-types may differ in terms of DUI, likely due to different clinical severity and social functioning. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the data of the present study. | 38202221 |
4,507,817 | A high data rate, slow frequency-hop multimedia system for mobile applications The trends in the wireless service industry have indicated the eventual need for a high data rate, low-cost communication system. The system must be capable of robustly providing audio and data communications over a harsh mobile radio channel. A prototype system capable of reliably transmitting a 256 kbps data stream was built as part of a wide-area multimedia system that operates in the 1.9 GHz PCS band. Additionally, the system is able to tolerate vehicular speeds and delay spread conditions characteristic of suburban propagation environments employing cell radii of the order of one mile. This paper discusses this system and presents its performance under various channel conditions. The results indicate that a high data rate wireless system with a complimentary set of diversity techniques can robustly operate in a vehicular environment without the added complexity of an equalizer. | 109390421 |
4,507,818 | Conceptualizing of Academic Hardiness During Covid-19 pandemic of an Islamic Senior HighSchool in Malang, East Java This research focuses on the process of establishing the Academic hardiness of the Aisyiyah Boarding School (ABM) high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a form of one's firmness in facing academic challenges during the pandemic, Academic hardiness has an important position to be studied comprehensively and in-depth, especially in terms of students' academic resilience as study subjects. This research is based on Kobasa's Academic Hardiness Theory (AHT) and uses a qualitative approach to obtain descriptive data, observable behavior, and verbal data. Data collection methods used non-participant observation techniques, virtual interviews, and documentation studies. The data collected was then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The conclusion of this research states that the academic hardiness of ABM students is formed through habituation activities in Islamic education. Empirically, the three cognitive evaluation processes (commitment, control, and challenge) are related to students' persistence when dealing with difficult e-learning designs. The implication of the results of the analysis of the process of forming the academic hardiness of students at ABM is the birth of new creations in improving the quality of Islamic education learning through optimizing the cognitive evaluation process of students. | 248020921 |
4,507,819 | Biallelic KARS pathogenic variants cause an early-onset progressive leukodystrophy The leukodystrophies cause severe neurodevelopmental defects from birth and follow an incurable and progressive course that often leads to premature death. It has recently been reported that abnormalities in aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase (ARS) genes are linked to various unique leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies. Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase proteins are fundamentally known as the first enzymes of translation, catalysing the conjugation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs for protein synthesis. It is known that certain aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase have multiple non-canonical roles in both transcription and translation, and their disruption results in varied and complicated phenotypes. We clinically and genetically studied seven patients (six male and one female; aged 2 to 12 years) from five unrelated families who all showed the same phenotypes of severe developmental delay or arrest (7/7), hypotonia (6/7), deafness (7/7) and inability to speak (6/7). The subjects further developed intractable epilepsy (7/7) and nystagmus (6/6) with increasing age. They demonstrated characteristic laboratory data, including increased lactate and/or pyruvate levels (7/7), and imaging findings (7/7), including calcification and abnormal signals in the white matter and pathological involvement (2/2) of the corticospinal tracts. Through whole-exome sequencing, we discovered genetic abnormalities in lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS). All patients harboured the variant [c.1786C>T, p.Leu596Phe] KARS isoform 1 ([c.1702C>T, p.Leu568Phe] of KARS isoform 2) either in the homozygous state or compound heterozygous state with the following KARS variants, [c.879+1G>A; c.1786C>T, p.Glu252_Glu293del; p.Leu596Phe] ([c.795+1G>A; c.1702C>T, p.Glu224_Glu255del; p.Leu568Phe]) and [c.650G>A; c.1786C>T, p.Gly217Asp; p.Leu596Phe] ([c.566G>A; c.1702C>T, p.Gly189Asp; p.Leu568Phe]). Moreover, similarly disrupted lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) proteins | 73430871 |
4,507,820 | showed reduced enzymatic activities and abnormal CNSs in Xenopus embryos. Additionally, LysRS acts as a non-canonical inducer of the immune response and has transcriptional activity. We speculated that the complex functions of the abnormal LysRS proteins led to the severe phenotypes in our patients. These KARS pathological variants are novel, including the variant [c.1786C>T; p.Leu596Phe] (c.1702C>T; p.Leu568Phe) shared by all patients in the homozygous or compound-heterozygous state. This common position may play an important role in the development of severe progressive leukodystrophy. Further research is warranted to further elucidate this relationship and to investigate how specific mutated LysRS proteins function to understand the broad spectrum of KARS-related diseases. | 73430871 |
4,507,821 | Inhibition of PDE4 Potentiates the Anesthetic Effects of Isoflurane in Mice Despite major advances, there remains a need for novel anesthetic drugs or drug combinations with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we show that inhibition of cAMP‐phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), while not inducing anesthesia by itself, potently enhances the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Treatment with several distinct PAN‐PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast and RS25344, significantly delayed the time‐to‐righting of mice after removal from Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, treatment with the PDE3 inhibitor Cilostamide, or treatment with the potent, but non‐brain‐penetrant PDE4 inhibitor YM976, had no effect. These findings suggest that potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis is a class effect of brain‐penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, and that they act by synergizing with Isoflurane in the inhibition of neuronal activity. The PDE4 family comprises four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4A to PDE4D. Genetic deletion of any of the four PDE4 subtypes in mice did not affect Isoflurane anesthesia per se. However, PDE4D knock‐out mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment with Naloxone or Propranolol alleviated the potentiating effect of PDE4 inhibition, implicating opioid‐ and β‐adrenoceptor signaling in mediating PDE4 inhibitor‐induced augmentation of Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, stimulation or blockade of α1‐adrenergic, α2‐adrenergic, or 5‐HT3‐serotonergic signaling did not affect the potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis by PDE4 inhibition. In a separate line of study, we show that pretreatment with a PDE4 inhibitor boosts the delivery of bacteria into the lungs of | 236621521 |
4,507,822 | mice, if the bacteria are delivered via intranasal infection under Isoflurane, thus providing a first example that PDE4 inhibitor‐induced potentiation of Isoflurane anesthesia can critically impact animal models and must be considered as a factor in experimental design. Our findings suggest that PDE4 inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis. | 236621521 |
4,507,823 | Determination of the big mammals migration corridors in the particular areas using remotely-operating intelligent camera system Large mammals free movement through the large areas is fundamental element of the healthy mammals ecosystem. The migrations keep the balance between animal populations, maintain sufficient genetic diversity or prevent the temporary lack of food. With the growing rate of transportation, urbanization and industrialization across the all countries, the barriers in the countrysides are created. Because of these barriers, the natural migration corridors of big mammals are endangered. Preserve the land connectivity is fundamental step for nature conservation and for healthy mammals ecosystem. To achieve this objective, we proposed a camera-based remotely operating intelligent system to identify the migration corridors. The system consists of one master device and more slave devices. The slave devices are deployed in the harsh environment of the countrysides and they use two camera devices to detect and track mammals across their surveillance zone. The information about mammals movement, movement trajectory and time in the scene are send to the master and stored in the database. The system uses the algorithm of computer vision to automatically classify appropriate animal species for moving mammals. The master collect data from all slave devices in the designated area and then the migration corridors for individual mammals species are created. | 49539671 |
4,507,824 | Preliminary design of the cavity-end deformable mirror of the megajoule laser This paper describes a preliminary design to realize a 400 X 400 mm2 active deformable mirror in the framework of the LaserMegajoule French program. The proposed design is based on a force control strategy. Forces are generated by specific designed electromechanical actuators and transmitted to a Zerodur mirror through an annular soft pad. This pad is optimized to filter high frequency ripple generated by the spatial sampling of the efforts at the back of the mirror in order to decrease the needed number of actuators, and thus the cost of the deformable mirror, a specific optimization method has been developed and is applied to determine the best actuator pattern fitted on the wavefront aberrations to be corrected. Analysis, calculations, finite elements models, preliminary test and validations on breadboard models have shown that the proposed design in compliant with the functional and operation requirements. A design description and the main justifications, as the guidelines of mirror integration are given in this paper. Due to the simplicity of the concept and the use of validate and mastered technologies at SFIM Industries and REOSC, the design present a good reliability. Furthermore, a complete and very easy to work maintainability is favored by this deformable mirror definition. Each parts of the system is easily removable and replaceable on the laser line without carrying out a heavy procedure and complex tools. | 110957971 |
4,507,825 | [Effect of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-NPRL2 on the biological characteristics of human gastric cancer cells]. AIM To investigate the effect of eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NPRL2 on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells in vitro. METHODS The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NPRL2 was constructed and confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. Then, it was transfected into SGC-7901 cells via the liposome. The expression of NPRL2 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR, fluorescent microscopy and Western blotting, respectively. The proliferation of SGC-7901 was tested by CCK8, the cell cycle and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry and the effects of NPRL2 on the cell invasion and migration by Transwell (Boyden Chamber) assay. RESULTS The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NPRL2 was constructed successfully and transfected into SGC-7901cells. The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed using a fluorescence microscope and both mRNA and protein of NPRL2 was detectable by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK8 revealed that the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were significantly inhibited by NPRL2 (P<0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase (P<0.05) and cell apoptosis was evidently inhibited (P<0.05). Transwell chamber experiments showed that the abilities of both invasion and migration of the cells decreased by NPRL2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The NPRL2 inhibits the proliferation of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, decreases the abilities of invasion and migration and promotes apoptosis. | 23893521 |
4,507,826 | Robbery characteristics and employee injuries in convenience stores. BACKGROUND Each year approximately 30,000 convenience store employees are at risk for injuries related to robberies and many are fatal. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 460 convenience store robberies from 1 February 1995 to 30 September 1996 was conducted to uncover possible associations between injury and pertinent robbery circumstances and work environments. Data collection sources included police reports, employee interviews, store evaluations, and relevant Census data. Rate ratios and correlation statistics were calculated to identify associations with injury and relationships between variables. RESULTS Injury risk was strongly associated with the following characteristics: employee resistance, robberies without firearms or money taken, daytime and merchandise robberies, stores with limited escape routes and no cash policy or drop safe, older clerks, and surrounding areas with lower valued buildings, less expensive rent, more vacant structures, and younger residents. Numerous intercorrelations between these characteristics were identified. DISCUSSION Training opportunities, store procedures, and environmental designs are important factors to consider in reducing robbery-related injuries. | 24666771 |
4,507,827 | Superconducting atom chips We investigate superconducting chip structures for trapping and manipulating atoms. These structures are based on the average magnetic field of vortices induced in a type-II superconducting thin film. This magnetic field is the critical ingredient of the demonstrated vortex-based atom trap, which operate without transport current. We employ the hysteretic behavior of a superconducting thin film in the remanent state to generate different traps and flexible magnetic potentials for ultra-cold atoms. The experimental realization can be described by the Bean's critical-state method to model the vortex field through mesoscopic super currents induced in the thin strip. Various vortex patterns can be obtained by programming different loading-field and transport current sequences. Furthermore we will discuss the expected enhanced lifetime of atoms trapped close to a superconducting surface in comparison with a metallic surface. | 1240571 |
4,507,828 | GMS: preserving multiple expert voices in scientific knowledge management Computer archives of scientific and engineering knowledge must insure the accuracy, completeness, and validity of their contents. Unfortunately, designers of these sites often overlook the social and cognitive context of scientific activity in favor of highly distilled collections of theoretical findings and technical data, divorcing scientific information from its human origins.Contextual aspects of knowledge seldom find their way into journals and other scientific forums, yet they often reveal the broader strategies behind the development and application of that knowledge. In implementing a GMS (Glass-Metal Seals) knowledge-management system, we found such contextual aspects as the structure of expert communities, the patterns of communication across disciplines, and the informal representations, sketches, and stories experts use in casual discussion to be essential to our efforts. Preserving these ìextra-technicalî features in the systemís content and organization gives users an implicit experience of the subtle interpretations, viewpoints, and strategies that define engineering expertise. | 2394521 |
4,507,829 | Cached Iterative Weakening for Optimal Multi-Way Number Partitioning The NP-hard number-partitioning problem is to separate a multiset S of n positive integers into k subsets, such that the largest sum of the integers assigned to any subset is minimized. The classic application is scheduling a set of n jobs with different run times onto k identical machines such that the makespan, the time to complete the schedule, is minimized. We present a new algorithm, cached iterative weakening (CIW), for solving this problem optimally. It incorporates three ideas distinct from the previous state of the art: it explores the search space using iterative weakening instead of branch and bound; generates feasible subsets once and caches them instead of at each node of the search tree; and explores subsets in cardinality order instead of an arbitrary order. The previous state of the art is represented by three different algorithms depending on the values of n and k. We provide one algorithm which outperforms all previous algorithms for k >= 4. Our run times are up to two orders of magnitude faster. | 8594071 |
4,507,830 | Patient accounts managers: the reality behind the myth. Rising receivables and slowed cash flow have put a greater emphasis on the position of patient accounts manager. As the patient accounts manager becomes increasingly important to the long-term viability of hospitals, the person filling that role is placed in the spotlight. In the first survey of its kind, HFMA and the American Guild of Patient Accounts Management profile today's patient accounts manager. The average patient accounts manager is a male in large institutions and female in smaller facilities, has a college degree, is between 31 and 50 years of age, and has been in the healthcare field for almost 10 years. In addition, they earn $33,600 a year and aspire to higher positions including consultant and chief financial officer. | 12912321 |
4,507,831 | On the Uses of Linear-Quadratic Methods in Solving Nonlinear Dynamic Optimization Problems With Direct Transcription Solving nonlinear dynamic optimization (NLDO) and optimal control problems can be quite challenging, but the need for effective methods is ever increasing as more engineered systems become more dynamic and integrated. In this article, we will explore the various uses of linear-quadratic dynamic optimization (LQDO) in the direct transcription-based solution strategies for NLDO. Three general LQDO-based strategies are discussed, including direct incorporation, two-level optimization, and quasi-linearization. Connections are made between a variety of existing approaches, including sequential quadratic programming. The case studies are solved with the various methods using a publicly available, MATLAB-based tool. Results indicate that the LQDO-based strategies can improve existing solvers and be effective solution strategies. However, there are robustness issues and problem derivative requirements that must be considered. | 234582921 |
4,507,832 | Computer simulations of adsorption and diffusion for binary mixtures of methane and hydrogen in titanosilicates. Equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of equimolar mixtures of hydrogen and methane were performed in three different titanosilicates: naturally occurring zorite and two synthetic titanosilicates, ETS-4 and ETS-10. In addition, single-component MD simulations and adsorption isotherms generated using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed to support the mixture simulations. The goal of this study was to determine the best membrane material to carry out hydrogen/methane separations. ETS-10 has a three-dimensional pore network. ETS-4 and zorite have two-dimensional pore networks. The simulations carried out in this study show that the increased porosity of ETS-10 results in self-diffusion coefficients for both hydrogen and methane that are higher in ETS-10 than in either ETS-4 or zorite. Methane only showed appreciable displacement in ETS-10. The ability of the methane molecules to move in all three directions in ETS-10 was demonstrated by the high degree of isotropy shown in the values of the x, y, and z components of the self-diffusion coefficient for methane in ETS-10. From our simulations we conclude that ETS-10 would be better suited for fast industrial separations of hydrogen and methane. However, the separation would not result in a pure hydrogen stream. In contrast, ETS-4 and zorite would act as true molecular sieves for separations of hydrogen and methane, as the methane would not move through membranes made of these materials. This was indicated by the near-zero self-diffusion coefficient of methane in ETS-4 and zorite. | 45026271 |
4,507,833 | Attosecond spatial control of ionizing electron wave packets Summary form only given. Angstrom and attosecond control of free electron wave packets is one of the pinnacles of attosecond science. Orthogonally polarized two-color (OTC) laser fields allow to control the motion of field-ionizing electronic wave packets both in time and space[1]. In OTC pulses time and space are connected and thus an attosecond time scale is established in the polarization plane for both the emitted and the re-colliding wave packets[2,3].In this submission, we report on experiments that use OTC pulses for studying atomic single and double ionization. The three-dimensional momentum vector of electrons and ions created by single and double ionization of neon atoms was measured with the COLTRIMS technique as a function of the sub-cycle shape of the OTC pulses. We introduce a concept similar to attosecond streaking that allows reading sub-cycle timing information from the momentum vector of emitted electrons. The concept is then applied to gaining information about the influence of the long-range Coulomb potential on the trajectories of tunneling electrons.Fig.1 (a) shows the measured momentum distributions of electrons correlated with singly ionized neon in the polarization plane of the OTC field with relative phase Δφ between the two color components. The spectra show that the electron emission direction is sensitive to Δφ. Furthermore, the spectra feature a prominent x-shaped central structure and weaker fine-scale modulations due to wave packet interferences. To compare with simulated spectra with strong field approximation (SFA) and solving two-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) with single active electron approximation, we | 26001371 |
4,507,834 | conclude that Coulomb effect plays important role on the spatial distribution of released electron wave packets. In the conference, we will furthermore demonstrate control over the correlation between the two electrons emitted during double ionization upon electron recollision by tuning the shape of the electric field of the OTC pulses on the sub-cycle scale. The results of these experiments are in agreement with theoretical predictions [4]. | 26001371 |
4,507,835 | A Novel Predictive Torque Controller for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives This paper proposes a novel deadbeat predictive torque control (DPTC) scheme to minimize the torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The proposed DPTC consists of torque inverse model and flux‐linkage controller. The torque inverse model is used to realize the nonlinear mapping from the desired torque to the flux‐linkage. On this basis, the flux‐linkage controller predicts the required voltage for a given reference torque at each digital time step. Besides, an improved pulse width modulation (PWM) control is developed to offset the losses caused by power converter and winding resistance. And the digital delay in the actual implementation of the proposed DPTC algorithm is compensated through the estimation + prediction technology. Both simulation and experimental testing are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The results show that the proposed DPTC method has better torque ripple suppression performance than the conventional direct torque control (DTC) scheme. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. | 252523021 |
4,507,836 | [Can I drive a car, doctor? Car driving evaluation for people with disability and the importance in rehabilitation]. One of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of people with disability is to give them the possibility of mobilizing independently and a car is a modern and effective tool for achieving this objective. It is essential to make a specific assessment that includes at least the visual, cognitive and motor area before deter-mining whether the individual can drive a car, or also what kind of adaptations may be required. It is also essential to properly know the Traffic Law in force in our country to be able to guide the steps that the patient has to follow to obtain a driver's license. The objective of this review is to study deeply this interesting subject and all the edges that have been mentioned above. | 35205571 |
4,507,837 | REDUCED MODEL FOR TEMPORAL STABILITY OF A Q-VORTEX This paper presents a numerical investigation upon the temporal stability of a Q type vortex subject to infinitesimal perturbations. The study is based on spectral collocation technique using Chebyshev Gauss-Lobatto points and the eigenvalue problem is obtained in a matrix form and is solved by an Arnoldi type algorithm. Our procedure directly provides relevant information about the state of the fluid system for given parameters, in axi- symmetrical and non-axi-symmetrical mode and also permits a graphical visualization of the | 56094621 |
4,507,838 | Modeling Category Learning with Stochastic Optimization Methods Many neural network (NN) models of categorization (e.g., ALCOVE) use a gradient algorithm for learning. These methods have been successful in reproducing group learning curves, but tend to underpredict variability in individuallevel data, particularly for attention allocation measures (Matsuka, 2002). In addition, many recent models of categorization have been criticized for not being able to replicate rapid changes in categorization accuracies and attention processes observed in the empirical studies (Macho 1997; Rehder & Hoffman, 2003). In this paper we introduce stochastic learning algorithms for NN models of human category learning and show that use of the algorithms can result in (a) rapid changes in accuracies and attention allocation, and (b) different learning trajectories and more realistic variability in individual-level. | 18737771 |
4,507,839 | HfO2/AlN/In0.53Ga0.47As MOS devices electrical properties and reliability studies In this article, we demonstrate plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) as an effective passivation technique to establish high interfacial quality of high-k/InGaAs structures. Performing PEALD-AlN as an interfacial passivation layer (IPL), excellent capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics have been achieved for the HfO2/n, p-In0.53Ga0.47As MOSCAPs. The effects of AlN-IPL on the effective work function (EWF) of metal and band alignment of the HfO2/AlN/In0.53Ga0.47As structure have also been investigated. In addition, the multilayer TiNi alloys were applied as gate dielectric for a suitable metal EWF with a small work function variation (WFV). A sub-nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) HfO2/In0.53Ga0.47As MOS device with low density of interface states and low leakage current density was obtained utilizing AlN-IPL and post remote-plasma (PRP) gas as pre- and post-gate treatments in an in-situ ALD process. The device performance and reliability of HfO2/In0.53Ga0.47As nMOSFETs with in-situ PEALD treatments have also been characterized. | 10181621 |
4,507,840 | Rhabdomyolysis and acute myoglobinuric renal failure following heroin use. RHABDOMYOLYSIS IS USUALLY CONSIDERED a rare phenomenon and most medical textbooks devote little space to describing it. However, recently several observers'-5 have pointed out that it occurs probably more frequently than is generally appreciated. Recently Richter et a16 described heroininduced rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria in four addicts, a previously unrecognized association. It is the purpose of this report to present two more cases of heroin-induced rhabdomyolysis and discuss its cause and classification as a myoglobinuric syndrome. | 37962671 |
4,507,841 | 1850 The Meaning of Personal Diaries in Picu to Children and Families Background and Aims In our PICU, nurses have for several years been writing a personal diary for all children admitted for 3 days or more. The purpose of the diary is to help the children understand their recollections and experiences from the PICU stay and thereby support their coping. Research involving adult ICU patients has explored patients experiences with diaries and the effect on psychological outcome, but no PICU studies have been reported on the subject. Thus the aim of our study was to investigate how diaries are being used and to explore their role in coming to term with the PICU stay. Methods 5 semi-structured interviews with children and their families, 4–6 months after discharge from PICU. The data was analyzed using the method of systematic textcondensation described by Kirsti Malterud. During this analytic process the text is decontextualised into “units of meaning” from which themes and subthemes are identified. Results One family had not used the diary much and ascribed this to a short PICU stay. The remaining families all expressed positive opinions of the diary and saw it as one of several tools to help understand and make sense of their experiences from PICU. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: Value to the entire family. Creating memories. The importance of pictures. Conclusions Personal diaries are used in the families after discharge as support for both children and their relatives. They play an important role in making the PICU experience meaningful | 56657461 |
4,507,842 | by providing explanations and coherence. | 56657461 |
4,507,843 | Learning and applying biosciences to clinical practice in nursing. The study of biosciences by nursing students, while perceived by most as relevant, presents particular challenges for many during pre- registration programmes. This article describes a literature review of the teaching and learning of biosciences in nursing curricula. Four areas are explored: the relevance of bioscience in pre-registration nursing; difficulties experienced by nursing students learning biosciences; lecturer attributes in facilitating learning; and teaching and assessment methods. | 28710961 |
4,507,844 | Microcavity array supported lipid bilayer models of ganglioside - influenza hemagglutinin1 binding. The binding of influenza receptor (HA1) to membranes containing different glycosphingolipid receptors was investigated at Microcavity Supported Lipid Bilayers (MSLBs). We observed that HA1 preferentially binds to GD1a but the diffusion coefficient of the associated complex at lipid bilayer is approximately double that of the complexes formed by HA1 GM1 or GM3. | 221220161 |
4,507,845 | Determination of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin by ion-pair extraction with chlorpromazine. A sensitive method based on ion-pair extraction is described for the quantification of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin using chlorpromazine as an ion-pair-forming agent. Extraction of the ion-pair in chloroform is obtained quickly at an optimum pH of 6.5 for hematoporphyrin and 6.5-6.8 for protoporphyrin, giving an excellent recovery of the porphyrin. A stoichiometric relationship of 1:2 between porphyrin and chlorpromazine is proved. Cyanocobalamin and liver extract do not interfere with the assay. | 36520361 |
4,507,846 | Descriptive analysis of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle torque in high school football players*. The purpose of this study was to establish a range of acceptable torque values for competition in high school football. The results indicated that body weight can be used as an acceptable predictor of lower extremity muscular torque. Therefore, it was concluded that body weight can be utilized to produce an average range of desirable torque values for participation in high school football.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1983;5(1):2-6. | 32005861 |
4,507,847 | Vegetation Community Impacts on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Trace Gas Fluxes Changes in C and N cycling were pronounced with mesquite (Prosopis spp.) N inputs into a previously N limited grassland or riparian area. Expansion of mesquite into semi-arid grasslands (Sporobolus spp.) increased soil C content and decreased C isotope values compared with soils of non-mesquite grasslands. Cool season litter (2.9% N) collection (October 2001 to March 2002) recovered 66 g mesquite C and 4.5 g mesquite N m. Measurement of surface litter present in the different riparian plant communities ranged from 750 g litter m (mesquite-sacaton), 598 g litter m (mesquite) to160 g litter m (annuals and forbs). An estimated 3 to 8 years of high quality plant litter remained on the soil surface under mesquite due to yearly inputs. Soil cores removed from the mesquite understory and incubated at constant moisture potentials determined CO2–C was linearly respired for up to 80 d indicating the litter remaining on the mesquite soil was highly labile, but the disconnect between high litter fall and low moisture conditions present in the ecosystem allowed the mesquite litter to accumulate. Changes in the chemistry of the mesquite soil, especially the N content, resulted in greater fluxes of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide compared to grass or sacaton soils, but no differences were found in carbon dioxide evolved from the three sites. Of interest was the finding that the semi-arid soils were a strong sink for atmospheric methane during the majority of the year. | 5024761 |
4,507,848 | A bootstrap approach to confidence regions for genetic parameters from Method R estimates. Confidence regions (CR) for heritability (h2) and fraction of variance accounted for by permanent environmental effects (c2) from Method R estimates were obtained from simulated data using a univariate, repeated measures, full animal model, with 50% subsampling. Bootstrapping techniques were explored to assess the optimum number of subsamples needed to compute Method R estimates of h2 and c2 with properties similar to those of exact estimators. One thousand estimates of each parameter set were used to obtain 90, 95, and 99% CR in four data sets including 2,500 animals with four measurements each. Two approaches were explored to assess CR accuracy: a parametric approach assuming bivariate normality of h2 and c2 and a nonparametric approach based on the sum of squared rank deviations. Accuracy of CR was assessed by the average loss of confidence (LOSS) by number of estimates sampled (NUMEST). For NUMEST = 5, bootstrap estimates of h2 and c2 were within 10(-3) of the asymptotic ones. The same degree of convergence in the estimates of SE was achieved with NUMEST = 20. Correlation between estimates of h2 and c2 ranged from -.83 to -.98. At NUMEST < 10, the nonparametric CR were more accurate than parametric CR. However, with the parametric CR, LOSS approached zero at rate NUMEST(-1). This rate was an order of magnitude larger for the nonparametric CR. These results suggested that when the computational burden of estimating genetic parameters limits the number of Method R estimates that can | 26167361 |
4,507,849 | be obtained to, say, 10 or 20, reliable CR can still be obtained by processing Method R estimates through bootstrapping techniques. | 26167361 |
4,507,850 | Ocular Foreign Bodies in Children While usually considered in conjunction with obvious ophthalmic trauma, ocular foreign bodies can also present subtly. Early identification of this common complaint is crucial to preserve optimal ocular function, minimize morbidity and reduce discomfort in patients. We review a systemic approach to both the identification and management of foreign bodies in the eye. | 32619411 |
4,507,851 | The ability of cholestyramine resin and other adsorbents to bind Escherichia coli enterotoxins. Several adsorbent materials were evaluated for their ability to bind Escherichia coli enterotoxins. Cholestyramine, a strong anion-exchange resin, bound the heat-labile and the heat-stable types of enterotoxin and reduced significantly their effects in some animal models. However, its efficacy in the treatment of diarrhoeic piglets appeared to be adversely affected by the presence of milk in the alimentary tract. | 35757211 |
4,507,852 | The Popular Economy in Latin America : Informality , Materiality , and Gender in Commerce by Bernardita Escobar-Andrae. There is an element of complementarity between chapters around themes at the cornerstone of business in Latin America, namely multinationals, business groups and family businesses. Developments in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico illustrate these themes. More explicit use of cross-references between chapters would have helped readers of individual chapters to identify these complementarities. There is perhaps scope for a second volume to further explore the evolution of business systems in the region. This second volume could address some of what is missing in the first section. These are locations around which, admittedly, we know little (such as Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and the Guyanas) and others that have received some attention (such as Uruguay, Central America, Cuba and the Caribbean). Regarding potential additions to a second section of a second volume, there is a sizeable extant literature that could be drawn upon. For instance, works on financial institutions and financial markets and particularly the impact of foreign debt. But there is also an opportunity to address other topics that require attention. These could potentially include the contributions of enslaved work and Indigenous workers in capital formation; why the business sector consistently fails to act as a counter-measure against political crisis; homophily in corporate governance; social networks and elite formation; the role of the state in the financing of innovations and formation of markets; the institutions that enable capitalism to work in the region and make it similar or different | 245495461 |
4,507,853 | to others; as well as discipline-specific studies such as accounting and financial management and the development of degrees in business and economics, which have received attention but for which there has been no attempt to provide a systematic review across the region nor cross-border comparisons. All in all, however, this is a fascinating and enjoyable collection, worth reading cover to cover. I am sure we will see it actively used in the classroom and in essential references. | 245495461 |
4,507,854 | Acute Effect of Protein or Carbohydrate Breakfasts on Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Precursor and Metabolite Levels Abstract: Patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who had three lumbar punctures during 1 week ingested either water, a protein breakfast, or a carbohydrate breakfast 2.5 h before each of the lumbar punctures. The CSF was analyzed for biogenic amine precursors and metabolites. The protein meal raised CSF tyrosine levels, a finding consistent with animal data, but did not alter those of tryptophan or any of the biogenic amine metabolites. The carbohydrate meal increased CSF 3‐methyoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, an unexplained finding. The carbohydrate meal did not affect CSF tryptophan, tyrosine, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or homovanillic acid. Our results support the idea that in humans protein or carbohydrate meals do not alter plasma amino acid levels sufficiently to cause appreciable changes in CNS tryptophan levels or 5‐hydroxytryptamine synthesis. | 22022011 |
4,507,855 | Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting From Gradients in the Earth Surface In this article, we introduce an energy harvesting system capable of converting bipolar thermal gradients to electrical energy. An active rectification circuit, electrical impedance matching, and commodity thermoelectric generators are used to efficiently extract energy from very small temperature gradients found at the natural ground-to-air boundary. The full harvesting system is modeled in detail from thermal radiation to the electrical load. This end-to-end model enables system dimensioning to meet specific application requirements. A multiyear deployment of the harvesting system supplying a wireless sensor network for environment monitoring demonstrates the applicability of this system in a real application. The case study confirms self-sustainable operation of an application with a 550 $\mu {\rm W}$ power footprint. With a maximum harvested power of up to 27.2 mW during the day and 6.3 mW during the night, a significant improvement in both average and maximum harvested power is demonstrated compared to the state-of-the-art. | 212761221 |
4,507,856 | Purification and characterization of multiple forms of human plasma prekallikrein. Prekallikrein was purified 1,200-fold in 20% yield from human plasma by DEAE-cellulose, arginyl-triazinyl-aminododecyl-agarose, Cm-Sephadex C-50, and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Isoelectric focusing of the purified proenzyme gave seven peaks, four major ones at pH 8.6, 8.8, 9.1, and 9.3; and three others at pH 7.9, 8.3, and 9.5. The same IEF profile was obtained from plasma of four individuals of three races and both sexes and from three plasma pools, and was not altered by using diisopropyl fluorophosphate, benzamidine, or EDTA during fractionation. Each major IEF form contained Mr = 88,000 (prekallikrein I) and Mr = 85,000 (prekallikrein II) species, in increasing ratios of I:II from about 20:1 in prekallikrein 8.6 (prekallikrein with pI 8.6) to 1:1 in prekallikrein 9.3. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the four zymogens after activation by Hageman factor fragment and reduction gave an Mr = 53,000 H-chain and two L-chains, LI (Mr = 40,000) and LII (Mr = 37,000). Scanning the gels gave LI:LII ratios of 19:1, 5:1, 2:1, and 1:1 for prekallikreins 8.6, 8.8, 9.1, and 9.3, respectively, corresponding to the prekallikrein I:II ratios. The H-chain in turn was split into Mr = 33,000 and 20,000 chains, presumably by autolysis, because the cleavage was prevented by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Each major kallikrein had a pI 0.1-0.2 lower than its zymogen, but the same LI:LII ratio. The four kallikreins were indistinguishable kinetically with human plasma high-molecular weight kininogen and 15 synthetic substrates, and in correcting the activated partial thromboplastin time of | 24842021 |
4,507,857 | prekallikrein-deficient (Fletcher) plasma. | 24842021 |
4,507,858 | Symmetric Positive Definite Flux-Continuous Full-Tensor Finite-Volume Schemes on Unstructured Cell-Centered Triangular Grids Novel cell-centered full-tensor finite-volume methods are presented for general unstructured grids in two spatial dimensions. The numerical schemes are flux-continuous and based on computing the transmissibilities in a local subcell transform space, ensuring that local flux matrices are symmetric. As a result the global discretization matrix is shown to be symmetric positive definite for any grid type. A symmetric physical space method is also introduced, and the symmetric methods are shown to be closely related. Discrete ellipticity conditions are derived for positive definiteness of the physical space and subcell space schemes. Computational examples are presented for unstructured triangular grids demonstrating good performance of the scheme. The schemes are compared with the so-called multipoint flux approximation (MPFA) O-method [I. Aavatsmark, T. Barkve, O. Boe, and T. Mannseth, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 19 (1998), pp. 1700-1716]. Good agreement between the methods is obtained, but the new scheme shows improved behavior in challenging cases. | 38667471 |
4,507,859 | Superoscillatory metalens for an azimuthally polarized wave with different orbital angular momentum Light beams with helical phase-fronts are attractive for many optical applications, such as optical tweezers, particle manipulation, and other optical applications. A superoscillatory metalens has been designed for an azimuthally polarized wave at a wavelength λ = 632.8 nm. Numerical simulation demonstrates that a superoscillation hollow dark spot is generated. The transverse inner FWHM is 0.358λ overcoming the diffraction limit, while the sidelobe ratio can be compressed to 18.3%. More importantly, for such incidence with different orbital angular momentum (OAM) l = 1, 2, and 3, the proposed metalens also presents elegant subwavelength tight focusing performances (the FWHMs are 0.469λ, 0.352λ, and 0.737λ, respectively). Extensive investigations have been made to present the unique characteristics of the generated foci, the phase distribution patterns are given for different OAM values. Small size and ultrathin thickness make such lenses suitable for various optical applications. | 225212871 |
4,507,860 | [Heart involvement in Lyme borreliosis. Case report]. Lyme disease is a systemic illness with skin, neurologic, joint, and cardiac involvement. Absence of typical skin lesion--erythema chronicum migrans--during the first period of disease may cause the diagnosis difficult. Syncope due to complete atrioventricular block was the first symptom of disease in our patient, but no tick bite anamnestic data were available. Quick changes on EKG tracing during cardiac pacing were present. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction. Specific immunological tests confirmed the diagnostic suspicion. Cardiac pacing, digitalis and antibiotic treatment ensued in complete recovery. No other systemic lesion appeared. Lyme carditis may be the only manifestation of the disease. Temporary cardiac pacing may be necessary. | 8440621 |
4,507,861 | “Total therapy” of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia In 1962 studies were initiated to determine, first, whether a significant 5 year cure rate of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) was attainable with present therapeutic agents and secondly, how best this could be accomplished. The basic plan was (l) to induce complete remission promptly, (2) to administer multiple antileukemic drugs for 2–3 years with the purpose of eradicating all residual leukemia and (3) to prevent nervous system leukemia by “prophylactic” central nervous system (CNS) therapy early during remission. From early pilot studies with relatively few patients the program has evolved to more elaborate ivestigations involving large numbers of patients and comparisons of alternate treatment methods. Of 37 children who developed complete remission (CR) in studies I-III (1962–65) 7 survive in CR for 6 to 8 years and have been off all therapy for 3 to 5 years. Study IV (1965–67) demonstrated the superiority of full dosage over half dosage of combination chemotherapy. Of 31 patients entering CR in Study V (1967–68) 20 remain in continuous CR for 2½ to 3 years; therapy has been discontinued in the majority and will soon be terminated in the reaminder. In Study VI (1968–70) 94 children in CR were randomized for craniospinal radiation (2400 R) or none. Of 45 who received craniospinal radiation only 2 developed initial relapse in the CNS and 35 remain in continuous CR for 8 months to 2½ years. Of 49 who did not receive radiation, 25 have developed CNS relapse. It is concluded that a significant 5 | 8558521 |
4,507,862 | year cure rate is an attainable goal in ALL, that ALL can no longer be considered an incurable disease, that CNS therapy inhibits CNS relapse, and that paliation is no longer an acceptable approach to the management of this disease. | 8558521 |
4,507,863 | Temporal variations of IEEE 802.11b signal strengths in an in-building environment Title of Thesis: TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF IEEE 802.11b SIGNAL STRENGTHS IN AN IN-BUILDING ENVIRONMENT Degree candidate: Roopa Mogili Degree and year: Master of Science, 2003 Thesis directed by: Professor Ashok Agrawala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Recent emergence and popularity of The IEEE 802.11b Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in a host of current-day applications has instigated a suite of research challenges. The 802.11b WLANs are highly reliable and wide spread. The ease and low cost of deployment make this networking paradigm very convenient for a myriad of applications in markets such as retail, warehousing, academia, healthcare and manufacturing. In this work, the emphasis is on the 802.11 received signal strength (RSSI). The RSSI plays a vital role in any communication system. In any communication, the signal is detected only if the RSSI is above a threshold but it can vary depending on the power of the sending signal, and the losses that occur during transmission. In this work, we study the temporal characteristics of RSSI in the real-working environment by conducting a controlled set of experiments. Our results indicate that a significant variability in the RSSI can occur over time. Some of this variability in the RSSI may be due to systematic causes while the other component can be expressed as stochastic noise. We present an analysis of both these aspects of RSSI. We treat the moving average of the RSSI as the systematic causes and the noise as the stochastic causes. We | 107777921 |
4,507,864 | give a reasonable estimate for the moving average to compute the noise accurately. We attribute the changes in the environment such as the movement of people and the noise associated with the Network Interface Card (NIC) circuitry and the network access point as causes for this variability. We find that the results of our analysis are of primary importance to active research areas such as location determination of users in a WLAN. The techinques used in some of the RF-based WLAN location determination systems, exploit the characteristics of the RSSI presented in this work to infer the location of a wireless client in a WLAN. Thus our results form the building blocks for other users of the exact characteristics of the RSSI. TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF IEEE 802.11b SIGNAL STRENGTHS IN AN IN-BUILDING ENVIRONMENT by Roopa Mogili Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2003 Advisory Committee: Professor Ashok Agrawala, Chair Professor Udaya Shankar Professor Virgil Gligor c © Copyright by Roopa Mogili 2003 | 107777921 |
4,507,865 | Isolated Ciclosporin-Associated Arteriopathy Does Not Deteriorate Residual Renal Function in Patients with Kidney Transplantation Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/nef Dear Sir, Nonimmunological causes of chronic graft failure have been one of the most important renal allograft topics. The impact of long-term administration of ciclosporin A (CS-A) on graft function should be seriously considered to improve the long-term outcome of renal allografts. CS-A-associated arteriopathy (CAA) is a relevant factor in chronic graft failure. CAA is a common finding in late kidney biopsy specimens, 1 year after transplantation. Although the morphological characteristics of CAA have been well studied [1–4], the clinical significance and the natural history of CAA are still controversial. The present study was performed to clarify the clinical course, especially serum creatinine (Scr) levels, after the diagnosis of isolated CAA in renal transplant recipients. From January 1983 to December 1990, we have performed 1,046 renal transplantations using CS-A at the Kidney Center of Tokyo Women’s Medical University. Our regimen of immunosuppression using CS-A consists essentially of strict blood monitoring. Our target trough level of CS-A is 200 ng/ml within 3 months after operation and then 100 ng/ml. A total of 481 graft biopsies were performed to clarify the pathogenic causes of graft dysfunction and/or abnormal urinalysis. We examined the pathological findings by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The diagnosis of CAA was based on characteristic vascular lesions consisting of protein droplets permeating the arteriolar wall with narrowing of the vascular lumen (fig. 1a, arrow) and degeneration of median smooth muscle cells in association with hyaline deposits in | 42071621 |
4,507,866 | the outer layer of the arteri- | 42071621 |
4,507,867 | Natriuretic peptide receptor a promotes breast cancer development by upregulating MMP9. Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), one of the natriuretic peptide receptors, plays important roles in circulatory system. Recently some studies showed that NPRA was involved in tumorigenesis, however, its role in the development of breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we observed that NPRA expression was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and NPRA high expression was associated with poor clinicopathological features. In addition, we found that patients with high NPRA expression had a worse 5-year survival and NPRA was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Knocking down NPRA expression reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Overexpressing NPRA was able to enhance the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, NPRA promoted the invasive phenotype through upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). Mechanistically, NPRA increased MMP9 expression through activating STAT3. We identified that NPRA might serve as a prognostic marker and p-STAT3 and MMP9 could be a potential target of NPRA in breast cancer patients. | 199507071 |
4,507,868 | Using game theory and machine learning to provide white cell automation support in the adjudication of war games White Cell adjudication evaluates impact of player moves to create randomness representing realistic scenarios. Players are limited to the view of the game state based on their technologies’ capabilities and intel sources, while the White Cell knows game state truth. The Automated White Cell (TAWC) is developed to provide adjudication guidance as to how much and what types of testing are sufficient to determine acceptable levels of randomness to evaluate AI/Autonomous platforms, including manned-unmanned teaming scenarios. TAWC is based on multi-model data integration, using AI/ML/Game Theory solutions, enhancing the predictive fidelity of Test and Evaluation, Verification and Validation (TEVV) /Live Virtual Construct (LVC) facilities in assessing AI/Autonomous technology strengths and weaknesses. | 249140971 |
4,507,869 | Lack of Association between Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 −318C/T Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is important for the down regulation of T-cell activation. Number of studies assessed the association between CTLA-4 −318C/T polymorphisms and cancer in different populations. However, the studies have provided conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between CTLA-4 −318C/T polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. Eligible studies were identified by searching several databases for relevant reports published up to September 30, 2012. Sixteen eligible studies with a total of 6190 patients and 6560 controls were included to summarize the association between CTLA-4 −318C/T polymorphisms and the risk of cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Overall, no significant associations were found in all genetic models when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (for −318C/T polymorphisms as estimated using a fixed effect model: TT vs. (CC 1 CT), OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.83–1.24; (TT 1 CT) vs. CC, OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00–1.44; TT vs. CC, OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.74–1.59; CT vs. CC, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00–1.46). In further subgroup analyses for the −318C/T polymorphisms, stratified by design of ethnicity, cancer types, solid tumors to non-solid tumors, epithelial tumors to non-epithelial tumors, no significant associations were found in any subgroup of the population. This meta-analysis strongly suggests that −318C/T polymorphisms in CTLA-4 are not associated with an increased risk of cancer. | 22179421 |
4,507,870 | Contact characteristics of the subtalar joint: The effect of talar neck misalignment In this study we determined the effects of misalignment of the talar neck on the contact characteristics of the subtalar joint. Each of seven fresh cadaver lower extremities was mounted in a loading jig and a vertical load was applied, 90% of which was directed through the tibia and 10% through the fibula. The foot was allowed to displace freely in the horizontal plane so that relative rotations, known to occur in the subtalar joint, would not be prevented. Pressure‐sensitive film, inserted into the posterior and anterior/middle articulations, was used to quantify changes in contact characteristics. After testing in the normal condition, the talar neck was osteotomized and stabilized with internal and external skeletal fixation. Contact characteristics were then determined in each of the following stages: anatomic realignment, or with 2‐mm displacement of the talar neck either dorsally, medially, laterally, or complex (dorsal and varus) with respect to the body of the talus. Measurements showed no significant changes in overall contact area or high pressure area in the posterior facet, although four of the seven specimens demonstrated increased localization of the contact area into two discrete regions. The combined anterior/middle facet, on the other hand, was significantly unloaded by all but medial displacement of the talar neck. An extraarticular load path and/or increased loading directly on the talonavicular joint was presumed to account for the loss of load transfer in the talocalcaneal joint. | 33896321 |
4,507,871 | SPONTANEOUS VISUAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE FIRST AFFECTED EYE OF PATIENTS WITH BILATERAL DISCIFORM SCARS Patients with macular disciform degeneration may undergo spontaneous improvement in visual acuity of the first affected eye when the second eye later undergoes a decrease in vision. Three hundred twenty-nine cases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POH) were examined. There were 20 patients who strictly met the criteria of a disciform scar causing visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in one eye, and 20/50 or better vision in the second eye, who subsequently developed involvement of the second eye with a decrease in visual acuity to 20/200 or less. Six of these 20 patients (30%), after mean follow-up of 32.8 months, achieved spontaneous visual acuity improvement, defined as at least a five-line improvement on a decimal (logarithmic) scale, with an average increase of 7.6 lines in the first affected eye. At extended mean follow-up of 50.1 months, two of the six lost vision, so that four of the 20 (20%) had five lines or more of improvement. | 20179871 |
4,507,872 | A Dual-Carrier Modulation Technique for Half-Bridge Resonant Converter With Wide Soft-Switching Range A dual-carrier modulation technique is proposed to improve the performance of the half-bridge resonant converter in this paper. By alternately using two different sawtooth waveforms as a carrier, the dual-carrier modulation combines the characteristics of both variable frequency modulation and fixed-frequency modulation. According to the structure of modulator, there are two kinds of dual-carrier modulation: type A and type B. Type A dual-carrier modulation is suitable for resonant converters operating in inductive region to achieve a wide zero voltage switching (ZVS) range, while type B dual-carrier modulation is preferred for resonant converters operating in capacitive region to obtain a wide zero current switching range. By utilizing both switching frequency modulation and duty ratio modulation, the proposed dual-carrier modulation not only extends soft-switching range of the resonant converter, but also reduces switching frequency variation range. In order to verify the benefits of the proposed modulation, a 500-W dual-carrier modulated LCC resonant converter operating in inductive region is designed and built. Simulation and experimental results show the prototype achieves ZVS soft-switching operation for 200–400 V input voltage and 100–500 W output power, with only about 10 kHz switching frequency variation. | 52160071 |
4,507,873 | Release of interleukin-12 in experimental Escherichia coli septic shock in baboons: relation to plasma levels of interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma. Interleukin (IL)-12 is thought to be a key factor for the induction of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine essential for the lethal effects of endotoxin. We report here on the release of the nonfunctional subunit of IL-12, p40, as well as biologically active heterodimeric IL-12, p70, after administration of a lethal (n = 5) or sublethal (n = 8) dose of live Escherichia coli to baboons. Remarkably, on lethal challenge, peak levels of p40 were observed at 3 hours that were about twofold lower than those elicited after sublethal challenge (2,813 +/- 515 pg/mL v 4,972 +/- 732 pg/mL, P < .05). This disparity was also observed, although to a lesser extent, for IL-12 p70 antigen, of which maximum levels of 91 +/- 47 pg/mL and 151 +/- 41 pg/mL were measured 6 hours after a lethal or sublethal dose of E coli, respectively. Circulating p70 antigen correlated with IL-12 biologic activity (r = 0.869; P < .001). When comparing lethal to sublethal conditions, lower peak levels of IL-12 on lethal E coli sharply contrasted with higher levels of other proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 observed in these animals. Lower IL-12 concentrations in the lethal group may have resulted in part from the enhanced production of IL-10, a known inhibitor of IL-12 synthesis in vitro, as peak levels of this cytokine 3 hours postchallenge inversely correlated with peak levels of | 35641821 |
4,507,874 | IL-12, in particular p40 (r = -0.802; P < .01). Contrary to what might be expected if IFN-gamma were solely induced by IL-12, lethally challenged baboons generated threefold more IFN-gamma at 6 hours than those receiving a sublethal dose (P < .05). Moreover, higher levels of IFN-gamma were associated with lower p40/p70 ratios, suggesting that, in agreement with observations in vitro, IFN-gamma may have preferentially upregulated the release of p70 over p40. These data show that IL-12 is released in experimental septic shock in nonhuman primates and suggest that IL-10 and IFN-gamma are involved in the regulation of this release. Furthermore, this study indicates that the systemic release of IL-12 might be essential, but is not likely sufficient, to promote lethal production of IFN-gamma in sepsis. | 35641821 |
4,507,875 | High temperature piezoelectric bulk acoustic wave mass sensor for thermogravimetric analysis of nano-layer polymer The acoustic wave (AW) sensors can response to a physical, chemical, or biological stimulus in a sensitive and real-time manner, so they have drawn increasing attraction in recent years. Among the AW sensors, the piezoelectric ones show a lot of extraordinary merits such as high resolution, wide frequency and temperature ranges, high stability, low power consumption, and low cost, and they are able to sense many physical and chemical quantities such as temperature, pressure, mass, gas concentration, and liquid viscosity [1-3]. To date, many surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors [4], thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) [5], and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) [6] sensors have been reported as mass sensors. Compared to the former two types, BAW mass sensors are with the property of simple preparation process, easy to use, high temperature-tolerance, high repeatability and durability, and little damping, because neither the interdigitated transducers (IDTs) nor the functional piezoelectric thin film is needed. Therefore, piezoelectric BAW mass sensors that can be used at elevated temperature range are ideal devices for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) applications. | 25806821 |
4,507,876 | Differential declines in striatal nicotinic receptor subtype function after nigrostriatal damage in mice. Nigrostriatal damage leads to a reduction in striatal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in rodents, monkeys, and patients with Parkinson's disease. The present studies were undertaken to investigate whether these nAChR declines are associated with alterations in striatal nAChR function and, if so, to identify the receptor subtypes involved. To induce nigrostriatal damage, mice were injected with the selective dopaminergic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We measured [(125)I]3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester (RTI-121, dopamine transporter), (125)I-alpha-conotoxin MII (putative alpha 6-containing sites in the central nervous system), (125)I-epibatidine (multiple sites), 5-[(125)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine-2HCl ([(125)I]A85380; beta2-containing sites), and (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha 7-containing sites) binding in brains from control and MPTP-treated mice, as well as nAChR function by [(3)H]dopamine release, [(3)H]GABA release, and [(86)Rb(+)] efflux. After MPTP treatment, declines were observed in striatal dopamine transporter levels, both binding and functional measures of striatal alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nAChRs, and selected measures of striatal alpha-conotoxin MII-resistant nAChRs. In contrast, (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites were not altered after nigrostriatal damage. The changes in striatal nAChRs were selective, with no declines in cortex, thalamus, or septum. Those striatal binding and functional measures of nAChRs that decreased with MPTP treatment correlated with dopamine transporter declines, an observation suggesting that the binding and functional changes in nAChRs are limited to dopaminergic terminals. The present results are the first to demonstrate differential alterations in nAChR subtype function after nigrostriatal damage, with a close correspondence between changes in receptor binding sites and function. These data suggest that the declines in nAChR | 13219471 |
4,507,877 | sites observed in Parkinson's disease brains may be of functional significance. | 13219471 |
4,507,878 | The behavioral responses to perceived scarcity – the case of fast fashion Abstract The literature on scarcity has generally examined consumers’ attitudes towards scarce products and suggested that scarcity messages have a positive effect on the evaluation of and attitude toward the scarce object. However, literature has largely failed to explain consumers’ feelings or reactions to human-controlled scarce environments. This study examines how deliberate product scarcity influences the consumers’ behavioral responses, and provides an understanding of consumers’ reactions to conditions of scarcity that are strategically created by marketers. The context of this study is fast fashion retailers, as they are known to create extreme human-induced scarcity. We conducted 21 face-to-face interviews with fast fashion store managers, consumers, and an industry expert. Further, observational research was also conducted to observe the consumer buying behavior across 10 different fast fashion stores. The objectives were to (1) help the interviewees think about the various strategies adopted to induce scarcity within the stores (from retailer’s perspective), (2) understanding of scarcity in these stores (from consumer’s perspective), and (3) consumers’ responses to such deliberate manipulations. All the interviewees agreed that fast fashion stores were successful in creating perceived scarcity which reflected both limited merchandise supply as well as deliberate manipulation of merchandise availability by the retailer. The findings also suggest that consumers in these perceived scarcity conditions exhibit buying behavior like urgency to buy, which further leads to deviant and competitive behaviors like in-store hoarding and in-store hiding. Though perceived scarcity, urgency to buy, and in-store hoarding was consistent across the | 167703071 |
4,507,879 | interviews with store managers and consumers, surprisingly, the phenomenon of in-store hiding behavior did not emerge from any of the interviews conducted with store managers, but was a consistent theme across most consumer interviews. | 167703071 |
4,507,880 | Auditory perception of walls via spectral variations in the ambient sound field. Individuals with visual disabilities often use their hearing in order to maintain a line of travel parallel to walls, such as when walking down a hallway or along the side of a building. Previous studies established that this ability depends on the sense of hearing, but the specific acoustic information has not been investigated. The present paper describes a model of how sound pressure builds up within a meter or so in front of a wall, particularly in the low frequency end of the sound spectrum. This buildup of sound pressure is based on ambient or "background" sound, not self-produced sound such as footsteps. The model leads to a prediction that walls are detected by means of a spectral shift toward low frequencies. This prediction was tested in three experiments, in which sighted adults listened for such spectral shifts. In each experiment, a threshold value was obtained corresponding to the farthest simulated distance from a wall that could be detected. Threshold values were in good agreement with previous observations of the distance at which pedestrians can utilize acoustic information from walls. There was no evidence that simulated listener motion enhanced perception of walls. The model underlying these experiments implies that the term echolocation carries inappropriate connotations about the auditory processes that are involved in walking along walls. It is suggested that a more apt description is that pedestrians listen for spatial variations in the structure of the ambient sound field. | 17624871 |
4,507,881 | The role of in situ unit operation/process infiltration treatment on partitioning and speciation of rainfall-runoff. Management decisions regarding the potential fate and toxicity of anthropogenic metal elements requires a knowledge of metal partitioning and speciation as mediated by in situ control systems (ICS). This study focussed on Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, common anthropogenic metal elements generated in the built environment and examined the influence of variable event-based hydrology and passive ICS by an engineered partial exfiltration reactor (PER) system on partitioning and speciation. The feasibility and efficiency of the PER as an in situ stormwater runoff control strategy to attenuate levels of metal elements was evaluated. Results indicate that higher rainfall intensity resulted in higher dissolved fraction (fd) values for influent Zn, Cu and Cd, but did not have a significant influence on partitioning of Pb. Speciation indicated that divalent fractions of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were changed marginally by the PER. Cu and Pb mainly complexed with organic matter in the influent, while carbonate complexes of these metals in the effluent significantly increased. The PER consistently and statistically reduced all loadings of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for all examined events, whether on a mass or concentration basis. As an unsaturated flow unit operation/process the PER can efficiently remove ionic or complexed forms of metal elements. Such UOPs are a potential quality and quantity ICS strategy for rainfall-runoff. | 3101871 |
4,507,882 | Predictive Regressions: A Reduced-Bias Estimation Method Abstract Standard predictive regressions produce biased coefficient estimates in small samples when the regressors are Gaussian first-order autoregressive with errors that are correlated with the error series of the dependent variable. See Stambaugh (1999) for the single regressor model. This paper proposes a direct and convenient method to obtain reduced-bias estimators for single and multiple regressor models by employing an augmented regression, adding a proxy for the errors in the autoregressive model. We derive bias expressions for both the ordinary least-squares and our reduced-bias estimated coefficients. For the standard errors of the estimated predictive coefficients, we develop a heuristic estimator that performs well in simulations, for both the single predictor model and an important specification of the multiple predictor model. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by simulations and empirical estimates of common predictive models in finance. Our empirical results show that some of the predictive variables that were significant under ordinary least squares become insignificant under our estimation procedure. | 10505861 |
4,507,883 | Cost-effectiveness of Chlamydia antibody tests in subfertile women. BACKGROUND For the evaluation of tubal function, Chlamydia antibody testing (CAT) has been introduced as a screening test. We compared six CAT screening strategies (five CAT tests and one combination of tests), with respect to their cost-effectiveness, by using IVF pregnancy rate as outcome measure. METHODS A decision analytic model was developed based on a source population of 1715 subfertile women. The model incorporates hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy and IVF. To calculate IVF pregnancy rates, costs, effects, cost-effectiveness and incremental costs per effect of the six different CAT screening strategies were determined. RESULTS pELISA Medac turned out to be the most cost-effective CAT screening strategy (15 075 per IVF pregnancy), followed by MIF Anilabsystems (15 108). A combination of tests (pELISA Medac and MIF Anilabsystems; 15 127) did not improve the cost-effectiveness of the single strategies. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results are robust for changes in the baseline values of the model parameters. CONCLUSIONS Only small differences were found between the screening strategies regarding the cost-effectiveness, although pELISA Medac was the most cost-effective strategy. Before introducing a particular CAT test into clinical practice, one should consider the effects and consequences of the entire screening strategy, instead of only the diagnostic accuracy of the test used. | 7229511 |
4,507,884 | Not an Ordinary “Ladies’ Paper”: Work, Motherhood, and Temperance Rhetoric in the Woman’s Signal, 1894–1899 The Woman’s Signal is a particularly interesting case study for examining feminist discourse in the 1890s due to the differing policies of its editors (Lady Henry Somerset and Florence Fenwick Miller), its mixture of domestic and political content, and its temperance and suffrage agendas. This article examines the marketing strategies and editorial policies deployed by the Woman’s Signal to secure a wide circulation, focusing particularly on the paper’s diverse accounts of professional work and motherhood. The divide between readers as housewives, temperance supporters, and ladies becomes apparent in advertisements, which often contradict the paper’s endorsement of new womanhood and political activism. | 145697011 |
4,507,885 | A method of operating a cooking apparatus and cooking appliance The invention relates to a method for operating a cooking appliance with a a plurality of cooking zones having the cooking chamber can be cooked in at least two different modes of operation of the cooking appliance via at least two Gargutbehandlungseinrichtungen in the cooking product, wherein the operating modes are selected from a hot-air operation, in which food to be cooked with hot air is applied, is applied in the cooking with steam to a steam operation, a microwave operation, is acted upon in the cooking with microwaves, and / or a combined operation, is acted upon in the cooking with hot air, steam and / or microwaves, and the method comprising comprising the steps of: Selecting at least one first in the cooking chamber in a first mode to be cooked item to be cooked at least one first Garsollwert and selecting at least one second in the cooking chamber in a second mode to be cooked item to be cooked with at least one second Garsollwert, Adjusting the first or second mode to a third Garsollwert in response to an input and / or a prioritization parameter, Outputting information to the setting and at least temporarily simultaneous cooking of the first and second item to be cooked with the setting. The invention also relates to a cooking device for performing such a method. | 125447661 |
4,507,886 | Simulations on the influence of myelin water in diffusion-weighted imaging While myelinated axons present an important barrier to water diffusion, many models used to interpret DWI signal neglect other potential influences of myelin. In this work, Monte Carlo simulations were used to test the sensitivity of DWI results to the diffusive properties of water within myelin. Within these simulations, the apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) varied slowly over several orders of magnitude of the coefficient of myelin water diffusion (Dm), but exhibited important differences compared to Dapp values simulated that neglect Dm (=0). Compared to Dapp, the apparent diffusion kurtosis (Kapp) was generally more sensitive to Dm. Simulations also tested the sensitivity of Dapp and Kapp to the amount of myelin present. Unique variations in Dapp and Kapp caused by differences in the myelin volume fraction were diminished when myelin water diffusion was included. Also, expected trends in Dapp and Kapp with experimental echo time were reduced or inverted when accounting for myelin water diffusion, and these reduced/inverted trends were seen experimentally in ex vivo rat brain DWI experiments. In general, myelin water has the potential to subtly influence DWI results and bias models of DWI that neglect these components of white matter. | 206020111 |
4,507,887 | Cardiac rhythm in dental anaesthesia: a comparison of five anaesthetic techniques. A comparison was made of the frequency of occurrence of arrhythmias and of the quality of anaesthesia produced by five standard dental anaesthetic techniques, four inhalational and one intravenous. Arrhythmias occurred most frequently with halothane and trichloroethylene, significantly less frequently with divinyl ether and methoxyflurane, and did not occur with methohexitone. Apart from the high frequency of arrhythmias halothane was the only agent to provide, consistently, anaesthesia of acceptable quality. | 37868511 |
4,507,888 | A ug 2 00 5 Dependence of Galaxy Shape on Environment in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using a sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data (SDSS) Data Release 4, we study the trends relating surface brightness profile type and apparent axis ratio to the local galaxy environment. We use the SDSS parameter 'fracDeV' to quantify the profile type (fracDeV = 1 for a pure de Vaucouleurs profile; fracDeV = 0 for a pure exponential profile). We find that galaxies with M r −18 are mostly described by exponential profiles in all environments. Galaxies with −21 M r −18 mainly have exponential profiles in low density environments and de Vaucouleurs profiles in high density environments. The most luminous galaxies, with M r −21, are mostly described by de Vaucouleurs profiles in all environments. For galaxies with M r −19, the fraction of de Vaucouleurs galaxies is a monotonically increasing function of local density, while the fraction of exponential galaxies is monotonically decreasing. For a fixed surface brightness profile type, apparent axis ratio is frequently correlated with environment. As the local density of galaxies increases, we find that for M r ∈ [−18, −20], galaxies of all profile types become slightly rounder, on average; for M r ∈ [−20, −22], galaxies with mostly exponential profiles tend to become flatter, while galaxies with de Vaucouleurs profiles tend to become rounder; for M r ∈ [−22, −∞], galaxies with mostly exponential profiles become flatter, while the de Vaucouleurs galaxies become rounder in their inner regions, yet | 16641761 |
4,507,889 | exhibit no change in their outer regions. We comment on how the observed trends relate to the merger history of galaxies. | 16641761 |
4,507,890 | hnRNP H enhances skipping of a nonfunctional exon P3A in CHRNA1 and a mutation disrupting its binding causes congenital myasthenic syndrome. In humans and great apes, CHRNA1 encoding the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit carries an inframe exon P3A, the inclusion of which yields a nonfunctional alpha subunit. In muscle, the P3A(-) and P3A(+) transcripts are generated in a 1:1 ratio but the functional significance and regulation of the alternative splicing remain elusive. An intronic mutation (IVS3-8G>A), identified in a patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome, disrupts an intronic splicing silencer (ISS) and results in exclusive inclusion of the downstream P3A exon. We found that the ISS-binding splicing trans-factor was heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and the mutation attenuated the affinity of hnRNP for the ISS approximately 100-fold. We next showed that direct placement of hnRNP H to the 3' end of intron 3 silences, and siRNA-mediated downregulation of hnRNP H enhances recognition of exon P3A. Analysis of the human genome suggested that the hnRNPH-binding UGGG motif is overrepresented close to the 3' ends of introns. Pursuing this clue, we showed that alternative exons of GRIP1, FAS, VPS13C and NRCAM are downregulated by hnRNP H. Our findings imply that the presence of the hnRNP H-binding motif close to the 3' end of an intron is an essential but underestimated splicing regulator of the downstream exon. | 5898711 |
4,507,891 | Hypofractionated Prostate Radiation Therapy: Adoption and Dosimetric Adherence Through Clinical Pathways in an Integrated Oncology Network. PURPOSE Updates to consensus guidelines in October 2018 recommending moderately hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy (mHF-EBRT) in prostate cancer lagged several years after publication of evidence supporting its efficacy. In January 2018, we amended our prostate cancer clinical pathway (CP) to facilitate adoption of mHF-EBRT. Herein, we analyze patterns of care and changes in mHF-EBRT use after the CP modification. METHODS Our prostate CP was amended in January 2018 to make mHF-EBRT the recommended treatment for patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer pursuing curative EBRT monotherapy. Normal-tissue dose constraints accompanied the CP modification to guide planning. Use of mHF-EBRT from 2015 to 2017 was compared with use in 2018 after the CP modification, using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. Predictors of mHF-EBRT use and adherence to dose constraints were analyzed with binary logistic regression. RESULTS In 560 patients treated with EBRT monotherapy, mHF-EBRT use increased from 3.7% in 2015-2017% to 85.6% in 2018 (P < .001), whereas conventionally fractionated EBRT (CF-EBRT) use decreased from 96.3% to 14.4% (P < .001). Consultation year of 2018 (odds ratio [OR], 214.6; 95% CI, 94.5 to 484.6; P < .001), treatment at an academic facility (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.3; P = 0.001), and having a smaller prostate (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00; P = .028) predicted for mHF-EBRT use. At least five of six recommended bladder and rectal dose constraints were met in 89.4% of patients. CONCLUSION Modification of | 225058611 |
4,507,892 | our prostate cancer CP, in concert with institutional policies to monitor and audit CP compliance, facilitated rapid adoption of mHF-EBRT in our large, integrated cancer center with good adherence to dosimetric constraints. | 225058611 |
4,507,893 | Micro-gyroscope for determining movements A micro gyroscope is used to determine movements in respect to a x- and / or y- and z-axis, in particular as 3D, 5D or 6D sensor. It comprises a substrate (2), a plurality of oscillating proof mass (1), anchors (3, 4) and between the armature (3, 4) and the sample mass (1) arranged anchor springs (5, 6) for fixing the oscillating proof mass (1) to the oscillating swing of the sample mass (1) in the xy plane, in order upon rotation of the substrate (2) Coriolis forces produce and the substrate (2), drive elements (15) sensor elements (22), in particular under the sample mass (1) arranged to detect deflections of proof mass electrodes (1) due to the generated Coriolis forces on. The sample mass (1) are uniformly arranged around a central armature (3) and radially to the central armature (3) can be driven. The anchor springs (5, 6) are designed such that the sample mass (1) both are radially deflectable in the xy-plane and out of the xy plane. On one, particularly on each sample mass (1) has a sensor mass (20) is arranged by means of sensor springs (21) and the sensor springs (21) allow a displacement of the sensor mass (20) within the plane of the sample mass (1) and the xy plane and orthogonal to the radial direction of the drive proof mass (1). | 125130111 |
4,507,894 | Optimum step size of sign algorithm for nonstationary adaptive filtering The adaptive filtering sign algorithm is analyzed in the case of nonstationary and correlated data. The excess time average absolute estimation error (EAAE) is used as a performance index of the algorithm. It is proved that the EAAE is the sum of two terms: one proportional to the algorithm step size mu and the other proportional to 1/ mu . The optimum step size that minimizes the EAAE is found equal to square root Q/P, with Q being the power of fluctuations of the optimal filter weights, and P being the power of filter input. This formula is derived under the assumption that increments of optimal filter weights are white. Computer simulations are used to examine the validity of the formula for other models of variation of the optimal filter. Simulation results show a good fit with the obtained optimum step size formula. > | 37035011 |
4,507,895 | A thermal model for heating of rat skin by millimeter waves Thermal biological effect caused by millimeter waves is very complicated, there are many related parameters, including: the Incident Power Density (IPD), the frequency of millimeter waves, the exposure time, boundary conditions, blood flow, metabolic rates and so on. We built up a transient thermal multilayer model for heating of human skin by high power millimeter waves by finite volume method (FVM) based on Pennes' bioheat transfer equation in this paper. We analyzed the calculated results and compared them with the experimental ones. The errors were no more than 1 ˚C, especially at the incident power densities of 284 and 853 mW/cm2, the computing results agreed closely with the experimental ones. We analyzed the temperature at different depth of the skin, corresponding to different incident power densities, and the temperature changes in the energy penetration depth at different radiation intensity of steady state. | 6594011 |
4,507,896 | Detection of malaria parasites in mosquitoes from the malaria-endemic area of Chakaria, Bangladesh. Malaria is one of the major public health problems of Bangladesh. We investigated the mosquito populations infected with malaria parasites in a malaria-endemic area Chakaria, Bangladesh, where Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus are the principal vectors. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected with a CDC miniature light trap from inside households in June 2007. A total of 868 mosquitoes were collected, among which females numbered 669 (77.1%). The species of female Anopheles mosquitoes were identified morphologically, and 651 were A. minimus and the remaining 18 were other Anopheles species. Malaria parasite DNA from individual female mosquitoes was extracted and distinguished using the microtiter plate hybridization (MPH) technique targeting the 18S rRNA of human malaria parasites. Nineteen mosquitoes were malaria parasite positive: 12 for Plasmodium falciparum, 1 for Plasmodium vivax, and 6 for both P. falciparum and P. vivax. This is the first time that the MPH technique was used for distinguishing malaria parasites in mosquitoes and the first report from Chakaria. Our results may contribute to planning and assessing malaria control strategies in Chakaria. | 35881411 |
4,507,897 | Formation and decomposition of uranium–oxygen clusters in fast atom bombardment of dioxouranium(VI) salts Fast atom bombardment (FAB) of uranyl salts in involatile organic matrices produced a long series of clusters of general formula [(UO2)xOy]+ with x reaching nearly 40. For each value of x there is a series of values of y, with some value of y exhibiting the greatest abundance for each x value. Smaller clusters (x≤ 22) with even values of x show a stoichiometry of O:U of 2.5:1, while larger cluster (x≥ 24) show a reduced O:U ratio. All clusters with odd values of x adopt a O:U ratio of less than 2.5:1. Near x= 24, odd–even effects appeared in the relative intensities of the clusters. As x→40 all cluster series tend to a final stoichiometry of O:U = 2.5:1. The collision-induced decomposition (CID) of [(UO2)xOy]+ produced long sequences of progressively smaller clusters via the loss of UO2, UO3 and UO4 moieties; the detection of particular clusters depends on the collision-gas (argon) pressure. Odd–even alternation effects are apparent in the CID spectra. Clusters of general formula [(ThO2)x]+ were produced by FAB of thorium(IV) nitrate, with x reaching 20; odd–even alternation effects are prominent when x≥ 14. The relatively complex behaviour exhibited by U–O clusters is associated with electronic effects, particularly the existence and relative stabilities of the +6, +5 and +4 oxidation states of uranium, as also manifested in U–O systems in the solid state, with which comparison can be made. | 93683911 |
4,507,898 | Dexterity of Training and Development on Employees’ Engagement: Moderating Effect of Organizational Justice Employees’ training is a life learning experience that spurs permanent change in their behaviors and ultimately optimize engagement with the organization. This paper investigates the absolute concept of employees’ affectivity inculcated through consistently provided with the opportunity of training in their jobs with particularly focusing on the role of organizational justice. The adopted questionnaire having 33 elements conceding the scope of training and development, employees’ engagement and organizational justice floated among the learned employees of telecommunication industry of Pakistan. To gauge the association among study variables the Pearson Correlation Matrix has applied however the significance impact of training and development on employees’ engagement and moderating influence of organizational justice were measured with Regression Line. The statistical results found the study variables having significant positive association at 95% confidence interval. The employees’ engagement has significantly boosted with the contingent effect of organizational justice in consortium with training and development. The findings of the study may be implicated over the promulgation of policies for boosting employees’ engagement in realization of organizational justice. | 233752161 |
4,507,899 | Differential emergence of cellular mechanisms mediating habituation and sensitization in the developing Aplysia nervous system The development of the cellular substrates underlying habituation and sensitization, two simple forms of learning, was examined at a polysynaptic sensory-to-motor connection in the neural circuit mediating defensive mucus release in the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica. Animals were studied throughout juvenile life, stages 9 (40 days of development) to 12 (95 days), and into adulthood, stage 13 (120 days), starting just after metamorphosis when mucus release first becomes evident. Homosynaptic depression, which mediates habituation, was already present in its adult form in stage 9. Heterosynaptic facilitation, which mediates sensitization, appeared in stage 10 and reached maturity during stages 11 and 12. Thus, the development of synaptic plasticity in this circuit occurs in discrete phases in which the gradual emergence of heterosynaptic facilitation occurs only after homosynaptic depression is well established. | 15177761 |
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