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4,507,900 | Pressure-induced polymorphism in SrB6 and deformation mechanisms of covalent networks We study the high-pressure structures of ${\mathrm{SrB}}_{6}$ up to 200 GPa using first-principles structure prediction calculations and high-pressure x-ray diffraction experiments. The computations show that the ambient-pressure cubic phase transforms to an orthorhombic structure $(Cmmm)$ at 48 GPa, and then to a tetragonal structure $(I4/mmm)$ at 60 GPa. The high-pressure experiments are consistent with the theoretically predicted tetragonal structure, which was quenched successfully to ambient conditions. Pressure induces simple boron octahedra to form complex networks in which the electrons are delocalized, leading to metallic ground states with large density of states at the Fermi level. Calculated stress-strain relations for the $I4/mmm$ structure of ${\mathrm{SrB}}_{6}$ demonstrate its intrinsic hard nature with an estimated Vickers hardness of 15 GPa, and reveal a novel deformation mechanism with transient multicenter bonding that results in the combination of high strength and high ductility. Our findings offer valuable insights for understanding the rich and complex crystal structures of ${\mathrm{SrB}}_{6}$, which have broad implications for further explorations of hexaboride materials. | 213785961 |
4,507,901 | Attachment: a new approach to predict the success of future guide dogs? a pilot study Guide dogs are a major resource for people with visual impairment. Unfortunately, more than one-third of them are reformed each year because they do not have the required qualities. Their specific training leads them to establish several interspecific attachment bonds, the first one with their puppy raisers, which constitutes an important emotional base for their future cognitive-emotional development and mental stability. Eight guide dogs aged between 1 and 2 years in the training period and their puppy raisers were involved. This is a preliminary study that aimed to investigate attachment behaviours in guide dogs towards their puppy raisers using the Strange Situation Test (SST). The second goal was to assess the suitability of using psychometric scales measuring the emotional state of the animals in this shared-custody context. Two psychometric scales that reflect dogs’ impulsivity and sensitivity levels were applied through questionnaires-the Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale (DIAS) and the Positive and Negative Assessment Scale (PANAS)-completed by the puppy raisers and principal trainers. The SST revealed a preference among the dogs for their puppy raisers over a stranger, as evidenced by expressing more secure base effect behaviour when the puppy raiser was present (Tukey-Kr; DF=13.9; t=3.05; p=0.02) and greater proximity seeking behaviour towards the puppy raiser than towards the stranger (Student’s t-test; DF=1; t=2.66; p=0.03). The test also highlighted a strong difficulty in remaining alone, as demonstrated by a longer duration of door proximity behaviour when alone (Tukey-Kr; DF=7; t=5.15; p<0.001). Notably, the | 252068211 |
4,507,902 | results of the questionnaire score analysis revealed a discordance between the perception of educators and puppy raisers, giving uncorrelated scores. This study will be repeated once the dogs have been adopted by visually impaired children to assess the continuity of the attachment bond developed with the foster family over time and determine whether this bond influences the success of the dogs and their ability to create a new bond in the long term. | 252068211 |
4,507,903 | Daylight simulations and tubular light guides Indoor visual comfort is one of the leading requirements for building design. Results of computer daylight simulations serve to optimise the design process. Computer programs Ecotect and Radiance were used for the simulation of daylighting from tubular light guides of various diameters and lengths. The internal illuminance calculations were compared for two extreme situations in boundary conditions – sunny summer sky and winter overcast sky, determined for the climatic region of Central Europe. Daylight simulations give information about indoor illuminance on vertical and horizontal reference planes depending on various dimensions of the light guides. Finally, the assessment of annual variation of average internal illuminance from light guides under different outdoor climatic conditions – for uniformly overcast sky, intermediate sky, clear sky and sunny sky – was completed. The simulation results serve to evaluate daylighting and visual comfort in interiors illuminated from light guides. | 109008961 |
4,507,904 | Simulation-based executive cognitive assessment and rehabilitation after traumatic frontal lobe injury: A case report Purpose. To investigate whether identifying specific deficits after brain injury can lead to a more focused and potentially effective cognitive rehabilitation technology. Method. Cognitive simulation assessment was undertaken in a 47-year-old man with trauma-related prefrontal damage and persisting occupational and cognitive-behavioral difficulties at 15 months post brain injury. Results. Results revealed significant difficulties in measured levels of activity, initiative, information utilization, response flexibility, and effective decision-making strategies which accorded well with his real-life complaints despite normal neuropsychological test scores. This profile of findings was then used to design a two-stage intervention program. The first stage focused on participant education and awareness about his simulation-based problem solving difficulties. In the second stage specific goals were formulated to improve problem solving impairments that were then the target of weekly training sessions using pertinent decision-making and problem-solving vignettes. A parallel version of the cognitive simulation assessment was undertaken post-cognitive training (3 months after initial assessment) and revealed significant improvements in targeted executive cognitive-behavioral areas. Conclusion. Results of this cognitive rehabilitation probe supported the feasibility and validity of undertaking a cognitive simulation approach to identify residual executive function deficits after traumatic brain injury, even with a normal neuropsychological test profile. Further studies are needed to establish the reliability, generalizability and maintenance of such gains. | 21984961 |
4,507,905 | Release of reactive bromine and iodine from diatoms and its possible role in halogen transfer in polar and tropical oceans An in situ incubation assay measuring the bromination and iodination of phenol red was developed to detect the release of reactive bromine and iodine (primarily hypobromous acid [HOBr] and hypoiodous acid [HOI], respectively) from a putative extracellular bromoperoxidase of marine diatoms. Six of 11 species showed significant release compared to controls. Polar species were particularly active, releasing 0.6–180 fmol HOBr cell−1 h−1 (0.04–1.8 µmol HOBr [mg total chlorophyll]−1 h−1; at the seawater bromide concentration, 840 µmol L−1) and 1.9–271 fmol HOI cell−1 h−1 (0.02–2.7 µmol HOI [mg total chlorophyll]21 h−1, at 100 µmol L−1 iodide). Porosira glacialis consistently showed the highest rates of release. Several temperate diatoms, including Achnanthes cf longipes, known to have a bromide‐sensitive peroxidase involved in stalk formation, and warmwater species also showed the ability to release reactive bromine and iodine. This release was influenced by light, temperature, bromide (and iodide) concentration, H2O2 concentration, and pH. The rate of HOBr release by polar diatoms was much greater than bromoform emissions measured by others from laboratory cultures and seaice algae in the field. This indicates that most of the HOBr released may react with dissolved organic matter (DOM) to form nonvolatile bromine organics. Some fraction of diatom‐produced HOBr and HOI may also form volatile Br2 and I2, which could transfer to the polar troposphere. The reaction of diatom‐released reactive bromine and iodine with seawater DOM may represent the major mechanism in the formation of | 98810161 |
4,507,906 | oceanic polybromo‐ and polyiodo‐methanes. | 98810161 |
4,507,907 | Phytochemical Density of Some Promising Commercial Tea Brands Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important source of phytochemicals with proven health benefits. The core objective of the present investigation was to characterize some promising commercial tea brands available in Pakistan for their active ingredients with special reference to flavanols. The results indicated that total phenolic contents were in the range of 26.42 to 29.74 g/100 g liquid tea, while antioxidant activity and DPPH reduction was in the range from 45 to 50 g/100 g liquid tea and 47 to 50 g/100 g liquid tea, respectively. Tea quality parameters including theaflavins, thearubingins, and theabronins were observed to be 1.71–1.79, 1.74–1.83, and 17.05–20.22 g/100 g liquid tea. Likewise, total catechins and caffeine were 1.01–1.28 and 1.22–1.25 g/100 g liquid tea, respectively. Tea extract of commercial brands containing a larger particle size exhibited better quality. | 97270911 |
4,507,908 | UN declares 2008 ＂International Year of Planet Earth＂ ing in New York has proclaimed the year 2008 to be the United Nations International Year of Planet Earth. The Year’s activities will span the three years 2007–2009. The International Year of Planet Earth project was initiated four years ago by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The Year’s purpose, encapsulated in it strapline “Earth sciences for society”, is to: • Reduce risks for society caused by natural and human-induced hazards • Reduce health problems by improving understanding of the medical aspects of Earth science • Discover new natural resources and make them available in a sustainable manner • Build safer structures and expand urban areas, utilizing natural subsurface conditions • Determine the non-human factor in climatic change • Enhance understanding of the occurrence of natural resources so as to contribute to efforts to reduce political tension • Detect deep and poorly accessible groundwater resources • Improve understanding of the evolution of life • Increase interest in the Earth sciences in society at large • Encourage more young people to study Earth science in university The Year aims to raise $20 million from industry and governments and will spend half on co-funding research, and half on outreach activities. It will be the biggest ever international effort to promote the Earth sciences. Apart from researchers, who are expected to benefit under the Science Programme, the principal target groups for the Year’s broader messages are: • Decision makers and | 126496511 |
4,507,909 | politicians who need to be better informed about the how Earth scientific knowledge can be used for sustainable development • The voting public, which needs to know how Earth scientific knowledge can contribute to a better society • Fellow geoscientists, who are very knowledgeable about various aspects of the Earth but who need help in using their knowledge for the benefit of the world’s population. The research themes of the year, set out in 10 science prospectuses were chosen for their societal relevance, multidisciplinarity and outreach potential. The Year has 12 Founding Partners, 27 Associate Partners, and is backed politically by 97 countries representing 87% of the world’s population. The Year was promoted politically at UNESCO and at the United Nations in New York by the People’s Republic of Tanzania. The Year is now open to Expressions of Interest from researchers within each of its 10 themes. The Outreach programme of the year is also now open to expressions of interest, and will work in a similar way by receiving and responding to bids for support from individuals and organisations worldwide. The Year’s Project Leader, former IUGS President, Professor Eduardo F J de Mulder, said: “Around the shores of the Indian Ocean, some 230,000 people are dead because the world’s governments have not yet grasped the need to use geoscientists’ knowledge and understanding of the Earth more effectively.” | 126496511 |
4,507,910 | Lichen Striatus: A Model for the Histologic Spectrum of Lichenoid Reactions Three phases of lichenoid reactions are defined: 1) the primary phase, 2) the established phase; and 3) the senescent phase. Lichen striatus is characterized by a primary pattern that may be apparent in the epidermis, the hair follicles, and rarely the sweat glands and ducts. Focal areas of established lichenoid reaction, that are indistinguishable from lichen planus, are common. They usually are confined to the tips of elongated rete ridges. Established lichenoid patterns are occasionally present in hair follicles and are indistinguishable from those seen in lichen planopilaris. Eccrine hidradenitis, a feature of lichen striatus, is rarely seen in lichen planus. Lichen planus may be an adaptive epidermal response to a clone of aggressive lymphocytes and, as such, may be a manifestation of auto‐immunity. In lichen striatus, senescent lichenoid patterns resemble those seen in lichen nitidus. | 37556761 |
4,507,911 | [Transformation of ownership in occupational health services]. The process of the ownership transformation in occupational health services began in 1991. At that time Section X of the Labour Code was amended by introducing the system according to which employers participate in the costs of organization of occupational health services and other expenditure involved in health care of their workers. In addition, the Health Service Institutions Act of August 30, 1991 prepared the ground for the organization of health care units by various economic subjects including employers if the responsibility for taking care of workers' health is included in the statute of such a unit. From 1992 the process of the ownership transformation in occupational health services has started to progress. New non-public occupational health care units began to be established mainly by numerous institutions. In 1992 already 62 units were set up in six voivodships (provinces). In 1993 their number increased to 306 and they were located in 20 voivodships. The analysis of facilities and activities of non-public occupational health care units, based on the data available, indicated, however, that the process of the ownership transformation has not satisfied to date all expectations concerning the change in the quality of services rendered. Although these new units have not been established by the state administration their activities show similar week points as those belonging to the old system of industrial health services. Still treatment accounts for 80% of their activities, secondary care represents almost the same standard as in the public health service sector.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 | 36039011 |
4,507,912 | WORDS) | 36039011 |
4,507,913 | Uveitis initiating an autoimmune reaction resulting in Goodpasture’s syndrome in a Chinese man Goodpasture’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease caused by IgG directed against the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen found in basement membrane. It causes pulmonary haemorrhage and renal failure. The antibody has been demonstrated in the basement membranes in the eye. However, ophthalmological complications in Goodpasture’s syndrome are rare. As with other autoimmune diseases, Goodpasture’s syndrome patients have a strong susceptibility based on a genetic background.1 Much evidence supports the concept that cross reactivity with exogenous epitopes or insult to the basement membrane can initiate the process of autoimmunity resulting in Goodpasture’s syndrome.1 We present a case of a Chinese man in whom we believe uveitis precipitated the autoimmune reaction causing Goodpasture’s syndrome A 77 year old Chinese man from Hong Kong presented to the eye casualty department with a 1 month history of a black patch in the centre of his visual field in the left eye. Before this he noticed floaters and a “black cloud” in the left eye. He did not complain of pain or photophobia. Three months earlier he had an episode of acute anterior uveitis, which resolved with dexamethasone and cyclopentolate drops. His vision at that episode was 6/24 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. Six months earlier he had developed septicaemia secondary to a urinary tract infection treated with a course of intravenous flucloxacillin and fusidic acid and he made a good recovery. He came to the United Kingdom 30 years ago and | 31787361 |
4,507,914 | returned to Hong Kong for holidays every few years. There was no family history of note. He looked well on examination and he was apyrexial. Systemic examination was unremarkable apart from an itchy rash on both his legs and his blood pressure was 104/60. His visual acuity was 6/9, N6 in the right eye and … | 31787361 |
4,507,915 | Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound, CT and MRI in Budd Chiari syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of Doppler ultrasound, CT, and MRI in the diagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS). METHODS We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify articles reporting the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound, CT, and MRI (either alone or in combination) for BCS using catheter venography or surgery as the reference standard. The quality of the included articles was assessed by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. RESULTS 11 studies were found eligible for inclusion. Pooled sensitivities and specificities of Doppler ultrasound were 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81-94%, I2 = 24.7%] and 68% (95% CI, 3-99%, I2 = 95.2%), respectively. Regarding CT, the pooled sensitivities and specificities were 89% (95% CI, 77-95%, I2 = 78.6%) and 72% (95% CI, 21-96%, I2 = 91.4%), respectively. The pooled sensitivities and specificities of MRI were 93% (95% CI, 89-96%, I2 = 10.6%) and 55% (95% CI, 5-96%, I2 = 87.6%), respectively. The pooled DOR for Doppler ultrasound, CT, and MRI were 10.19 (95% CI: 1.5, 69.2), 14.57 (95% CI: 1.13, 187.37), and 20.42 (95% CI: 1.78, 234.65), respectively. The higher DOR of MRI than that of Doppler ultrasound and CT shows the better discriminatory power. The area under the curve for MRI was 90.8% compared with 88.4% for CT and 86.6% for Doppler ultrasound. CONCLUSION Doppler ultrasound, CT and MRI had high overall diagnostic accuracy for | 212651361 |
4,507,916 | diagnosis of BCS, but substantial heterogeneity was found. Prospective studies are needed to investigate diagnostic performance of these imaging modalities. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE MRI and CT have the highest meta-analytic sensitivity and specificity, respectively for the diagnosis of BCS. Also, MRI has the highest area under curve for the diagnosis of BCS. | 212651361 |
4,507,917 | Early Cardiac Involvement and Risk Factors for the Development of Arrhythmia in Patients With &bgr;-Thalassemia Major Background: Cardiac iron overload is the most serious complication in thalassemia; even patients treated with intensive chelation suffer at a certain point from cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify indicators of cardiac dysfunction in thalassemia as well as risk factors associated with the development of arrhythmia. Patients and Methods: A total of 45 patients with &bgr;-thalassemia major were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the absence (group A) or the presence of arrhythmia (group B). Cardiac parameters in thalassemic groups were evaluated using 24-Holter recording, Stress electrocardiogram, and M-mode echocardiography. Serum ferritin and Cardiac T2* were used to assess the iron status. Results: Group B showed significantly higher values of cardiac T2* and serum ferritin (P<0.05). Group B patients had significantly higher maximum heart rate with significant attacks of bradycardia and ST segment changes. In addition, they achieved a lower percentage of maximum age predicted heart rate and lower values of maximum metabolic equivalents (P<0.05). Significantly higher values of the left atrial diameter, the interventricular septum diameter, and the left-ventricle posterior wall diameter (P<0.05) were identified in group B. Conclusions: The increase in left atrial diameter, interventricular septum diameter, and left-ventricle posterior wall diameter seems to be related to the development of arrhythmia in patients with thalassemia, especially supraventricular arrhythmias. | 21028311 |
4,507,918 | Interventions to Mitigate Vaping Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis The impact of misinformation about vapes’ relative harms compared with smoking may lead to increased tobacco-related burden of disease and youth vaping. Unfortunately, vaping misinformation has proliferated. Despite growing attempts to mitigate vaping misinformation, there is still considerable ambiguity regarding the ability to effectively curb the negative impact of misinformation. To address this gap, we use a meta-analysis to evaluate the relative impact of interventions designed to mitigate vaping-related misinformation. We searched (from January 2020 till August 2021) various databases and gray literature. Only English language, original studies that employed experimental designs where participants were randomly assigned either to receive mitigating information or to a no-mitigation condition (either misinformation-only or neutral control) were included. Meta-analysis was conducted for the four eligible studies. The mean effect size of attempts to mitigate vaping misinformation was positive but not statistically significant (d = 0.383, 95% CI [−0.029, 0.796], p = .061, k = 5) with lack of evidence for publication bias. Given limited studies included, we were unable to determine factors affecting the efficacy of interventions. The limited focus on non-US studies and youth populations is concerning given the popularity of vaping in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) and among youth. The findings of this meta-analysis describe the current state of the literature and prescribe specific recommendations to better address the proliferation of vaping misinformation, providing insights helpful in limiting the tobacco mortality burden and curtailing youth vaping. | 247157711 |
4,507,919 | A comparative study of rat liver, muscle, and hepatoma 3924A phosphofructokinase isozymes. Two phosphofructokinase isozymes are present in rat liver representing 85 and 15% of the total activity, respectively. The single isozyme observed in muscle is distinct from the two in liver. In hepatoma 3924A three isozymes were detected that were 5, 20, and 75% of the total activity. The major liver and hepatoma isozymes were judged to be identical on the basis of the following criteria: diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, starch gel electrophoresis, and kinetic and immunological properties. The major isozyme was elevated two- to threefold in hepatoma 3924A on the basis of total activity and amount of antiserum required for complete neutralization. The minor liver isozyme is probably also present in hepatoma, but in addition a nonhepatic isozyme also appears to be present which is quite similar to, but distinct from, the muscle isozyme. This nonhepatic isozyme could not be detected in embryonic liver. Although the alteration in gene expression observed with the hepatoma phosphofructokinase isozyme pattern is not as drastic a change as was found for the other two key glycolytic isozymes (adenosine 5′-triphosphate-glucose phosphotransferases and adenosine 5′-triphosphate-pyruvate phosphotransferases), the increase in total activity agrees with the prediction of the molecular correlation concept. | 14157811 |
4,507,920 | AB0669 Maintenance treatment with adalimumab in refractory uveitis due to behÇet’s disease: optimised vs non-optimised group Background Uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation in Behçet’s Disease (BD), which can cause irreversible blindness.1–2 Objectives To assess efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab (ADA) therapy optimisation in a series of patients with uveitis due to BD. Methods Multicenter study of 74 ADA-treated patients with BD uveitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressants. Following remission, optimisation was performed by increasing the ADA dosing interval. Comparison between optimised and non-optimised group was performed. Results Ocular remission was achieved in 65 (86.6%) patients after a median ADA duration of 63–12 months. ADA was optimised in 23 cases. In the remaining 42 ADA was maintained at 40 mg/sc/2 weeks. No baseline differences were found at ADA onset between the optimised and non-optimised groups. Ocular outcomes were similar after a mean ±S.D. follow-up of 34.7±13.3 and 26±21.3 months in the both groups (table 1). Adverse effects were seen in non-optimised group (lymphoma, pneumonia, local reaction and bacteremia). Mean ADA treatment costs were lower in the optimised vs non-optimised group (6101.25 €/patient/year vs 12339.48). Abstract AB0669 – Table 1 Conclusions ADA optimisation in BD uveitis refractory to conventional therapy is effective, safe and cost-effective. References [1] Calvo-Río V, Blanco R, Beltrán E, et al. Anti-TNF-alfa therapy in patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet’s disease: a 1-year- follow-up study of 124 patients. Rheumatol. 2014; 53(12):2223–31 [2] Santos-Gómez M, Calvo-Río V, Blanco R, et al. The effect of biologic therapy different from infliximab or adalimumab in | 81204961 |
4,507,921 | patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet’s disease: results of a multicentre open-label study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34 (6Suppl 102):S34-S40 Disclosure of Interest None declared | 81204961 |
4,507,922 | Global Existence of Strong Solutions for Beris–Edwards’s Liquid Crystal System in Dimension Three We consider a system, established by Beris and Edwards in the Q-tensor framework,modeling the incompressible flow of nematic liquid crystals. The coupling system consists of theNavier–Stokes equation and the evolution equation for the Q-tensor. We prove the global existenceof strong solutions in a three-dimensional bounded domain with homogeneous Dirichlet boundaryconditions, under the assumption that the viscosity is sufficiently large. | 204838911 |
4,507,923 | Al‐substituted stable‐layered P2‐Na0.6Li0.15Al0.15Mn0.7O2 cathode for sodium ion batteries P2‐type Mn‐based layered oxides have been considered as one of the most commercial potential cathodes for the sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to the low cost, low toxicity, and abundant compositions. However, the P2‐type cathode still possesses a lot of drawbacks, such as the unfavorable phase transition and poor‐rate performance during the desosidation/sodiation process. Herein, we developed P2‐Na0.6Li0.15Al0.15Mn0.7O2 as a promising sodium cathode with a stable performance. The batteries with this new cathode deliver 184.9 mAh/g initial reversible capacity at 0.2 C and exhibit preferable rate properties. By investigating multiple characterizations, the Al‐substituted P2‐Na0.6Li0.15Al0.15Mn0.7O2 is found to be absent of phase transition in the first cycle process from the ex‐situ XRD characterization results. In addition, the surface charge transfer reactions have been also investigated. This work may shed substantial light on developing high‐rate capability and stable Mn‐based cathode materials for practical SIBs. | 247740111 |
4,507,924 | Finding contextual clues to malware using a large corpus Identification of malware is a critical problem in computer security. Many signature-identification, behavior-recognition, and reputation-based tools are available for host-based detection. However, so many files are present on systems today that checking all files is time-consuming, and better methods are needed to suggest which files are of highest priority to check in partial scans. This work developed and tested local contextual clues to malware in the metadata of file systems on an international corpus of 248 million files on 3961 drives. 398,949 hash values of malware were found in this corpus using five methods, and 3,681,211 hash values of non-malware were chosen for comparison using three methods. Malware identification rates were compared for the fifteen combinations and were cross-correlated for different types of drives and file types. Results showed that different malware identification methods find significantly different things. Then the strength of particular local clues in file metadata (directory and file names, sizes, times, and hash values) was assessed and results were compared for the fifteen combinations. Some classic clues (e.g. rare file extensions and deletion status) were confirmed and others were not (e.g. double extensions and occurrence in the operating system). With this data, a program was implemented to estimate the likelihood that a given file was malware based solely on its metadata context. With three random subsets of our corpus, our methods gave 51 times better precision (fraction of malware in files identified as malware) with 70% better recall (fraction of malware detected) than the | 37864811 |
4,507,925 | approach of inspecting executables alone. They also ran significantly faster than signature checking, and can be used before other kinds of malware analysis. | 37864811 |
4,507,926 | Doubled haploids for studying the inheritance of quantitative characters. By using a doubled-haploid population derived from F2 plants, additive and additive X additive genetic variances, as well as the number of segregating genes, can be estimated. An F2-derived doubled-haploid population may contain almost 50% more of the best recombinant than an F1-derived population. However, the best recombinant occurs in the same frequency in the two populations when there is no linkage between genes. The difference in the frequency of the best recombinant between F2- and F3-derived populations is small. This implies that the doubled-haploid method using F2 plants provides only slightly less opportunity for recombination than the conventional breeding methods of self-pollinating crops. In the absence of additive epistasis, a weighted mean of recombination values can be estimated using an F2-derived population and its parental lines. When additive epistasis is present, it can be estimated from doubled-haploid populations derived from two backcrosses. Studies on the linkage of quantitative characters are needed for determining whether doubled haploids should be produced from F2 or from F1 plants in a breeding program. | 39247361 |
4,507,927 | Optimization of diverter's nozzle in the flow facility This paper mainly studies the design and optimization of diverter's nozzle in the flow facility. The profile of the flow at the outlet of the nozzle has great influence to the performance of the diverter. In case to optimize the diverter, we need to optimize the structure of the nozzle. As to the nozzle, an approximately symmetrical velocity profile across the jet width is desired. Here, we use the Fluent software combine with the experiment as tools to research the best structure of the nozzle. | 2102311 |
4,507,928 | Prevalence of comorbid depression and obesity in general practice. I read with great interest the article by Carey et al .1 As a co-tutor of the master thesis related to a similar topic,2 I would like to respond even at this late stage. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 56 primary care patients, mean age 48.71 years ±10.78, 24 overweight women (BMI 25–<30 kg/m2) and 32 obese women (BMI ≤30 kg/m2), in the … | 44901061 |
4,507,929 | Reliability of Structured Interviews for the Assessment of Challenging Behaviour While structured behavioural interviews are often used in the assessment of problem behaviours among persons with developmental disabilities, there are no data on the reliability of this assessment methodology. In the present study, the reliability of a 15 item interview protocol was determined by comparing the answers provided by different staff concerning the aggressive behaviours displayed by 18 persons with severe disabilities. Agreement was generally low with an overall mean of 43% across clients and questions. The results suggest that information obtained from structured behavioural interviews should be verified by direct observation. | 145098011 |
4,507,930 | Thiolate-Protected Trimetallic Au∼20Ag∼4Pd and Au∼20Ag∼4Pt Alloy Clusters with Controlled Chemical Composition and Metal Positions. The mixing of heteroelements in metal clusters is a powerful approach to generate new physical/chemical properties and functions. However, as the kinds of elements increase, control of the chemical composition and geometric structure becomes difficult. We succeeded in the compositionally selective synthesis of phenylethanethiolate-protected trimetallic Au∼20Ag∼4Pd and Au∼20Ag∼4Pt clusters, Au∼20Ag∼4Pd(SC2H4Ph)18 and Au∼20Ag∼4Pt(SC2H4Ph)18. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed the precise position of each metal element in these metal clusters. Reacting with thiol at an elevated temperature was found to be important to direct the metal elements to the most stable positions. The electronic structures of these trimetallic clusters become more discretized than those of the related bimetallic clusters due to orbital splitting. | 19104161 |
4,507,931 | Hz analysis of LTI systems via conversion to positive systems Motivated by recent drastic advances in the study of linear-time invariant (ETI) positive systems, we explore analysis techniques of general, not necessarily positive ETI systems using positive system theory. Even though a positive system is characterized by its peculiar property that its impulse response is nonnegative, we often deal with nonnegative impulse responses even in general ETI system analysis. A typical example is the computation of the H2 norm where we focus on squared impulse responses. To deal with such products of impulse responses in a systematic fashion, in this paper, we first establish a construction technique of an ETI system whose impulse response is given by the product of impulse responses of two different ETI systems. Then, as the main result, we reduce the H2 norm computation problem of a general ETI system into the L∞-induced norm computation problem (or L1 problem in short) of a positive system, by which we can derive a closed-form formula for the H∞ norm computation. | 24645061 |
4,507,932 | The study of flat-band voltage shift using arsenic ion-implantation with High-k/Metal Inserted Poly Si gate stacks The origin of flat band voltage shift phenomena using arsenic ion-implant in High-k/Metal Inserted Poly Si (HK/MIPS) gate stacks was investigated. Arsenic ion-implantations were carried out on HfSiO and HfSiON dielectric layers. Precise arsenic profile was obtained through front and backside SIMS analysis. From the electrical and physical analysis, we verified that the flat band voltage was shifted due to an arsenic dipole formation at high-k/metal interface. The negative shift of 480mV was obtained with the optimized arsenic ion implant condition. | 24716971 |
4,507,933 | The 32-Kilodalton Subunit of Replication Protein A Interacts with Menin, the Product of the MEN1 Tumor Suppressor Gene ABSTRACT Menin is a 70-kDa protein encoded by MEN1, the tumor suppressor gene disrupted in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In a yeast two-hybrid system based on reconstitution of Ras signaling, menin was found to interact with the 32-kDa subunit (RPA2) of replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric protein required for DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The menin-RPA2 interaction was confirmed in a conventional yeast two-hybrid system and by direct interaction between purified proteins. Menin-RPA2 binding was inhibited by a number of menin missense mutations found in individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and the interacting regions were mapped to the N-terminal portion of menin and amino acids 43 to 171 of RPA2. This region of RPA2 contains a weak single-stranded DNA-binding domain, but menin had no detectable effect on RPA-DNA binding in vitro. Menin bound preferentially in vitro to free RPA2 rather than the RPA heterotrimer or a subcomplex consisting of RPA2 bound to the 14-kDa subunit (RPA3). However, the 70-kDa subunit (RPA1) was coprecipitated from HeLa cell extracts along with RPA2 by menin-specific antibodies, suggesting that menin binds to the RPA heterotrimer or a novel RPA1-RPA2-containing complex in vivo. This finding was consistent with the extensive overlap in the nuclear localization patterns of endogenous menin, RPA2, and RPA1 observed by immunofluorescence. | 39220071 |
4,507,934 | Chemotherapy dosing in the setting of liver dysfunction. Advanced cancer in the setting of liver dysfunction poses a dilemma for physicians, as many cancer chemotherapeutic agents undergo hepatic metabolism. Most cytotoxic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, and the administration of chemotherapy to patients with liver impairment results in complicated safety issues. We present a concise review of cancer chemotherapy dosing in the setting of liver dysfunction. Although caution in treating all patients with hepatic failure is essential, the use of certain agents provokes greater concern than others. Continuous-infusion fluorouracil, capecitabine (Xeloda), mechlorethamine (Mustargen), cyclophosphamide, topotecan (Hycamtin), and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) appear to be relatively well tolerated. On the contrary, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, irinotecan (Camptosar), and anthracyclines may cause unacceptable toxicity if administered to patients with poor hepatic function. For many anticancer agents, the paucity of data prohibits formal dosing recommendations, and most guidelines remain empiric. | 13453721 |
4,507,935 | Remainder Padé approximants for hypergeometric series ABSTRACT Remainder Padé Approximation (RPA) consists in adding to the n-th partial sum of a series a suitable Padé approximant of the asymptotic expansion in the variable 1/n of the remainder term. In a previous paper, we proved the non-trivial property that the RPA of the exponential function is identical to the Padé approximant to the function . In this paper, we extend this property to the hypergeometric series and . | 195559271 |
4,507,936 | Experimental investigation on the compressive strength of PFGP-covered concretes exposed to high temperature Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of high temperature (600°C) on the compressive strength of concrete covered with a mixture of polypropylene fiber and gypsum plaster (PFGP). Design/methodology/approach To study the compressive strength of concrete specimens exposed to temperature, 16 cubic specimens (size: 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm) were made. After 28 days of processing and gaining the required strength of specimens, first, polypropylene fiber was mixed with gypsum plaster (CaSO4.2H2O) and then the concrete specimens were covered with this mixture. To cover the concrete specimens with the PFGP, the used PFGP thickness was 15 mm or 25 mm. The polypropylene rates mixed with the gypsum plaster were 1, 3 and 5 per cent. A total of 14 specimens, 12 of which were covered with PFGP, were exposed to high temperature in two target times of 90 and 180 min. Findings The results show that the PFGP as covering materials can improve the compressive strength lost because of the heating of the concrete specimens. The results also show that the presence of polypropylene fiber in gypsum plaster has the effect on the compressive strength lost because of the heating of the PFGP-covered concrete. The cover of PFGP having 3 per cent polypropylene fiber had the best effect on remained strength of the specimens. Originality/value The cover of PFGP having 3 per cent polypropylene fiber has the best effect on remained strength of the PFGP covered specimens exposed to | 198479221 |
4,507,937 | temperature. | 198479221 |
4,507,938 | Loan Delinquency in Microfinance Institutions (MFIs): Ways to Overcome the Problem Microfinance institution (MFI) deliquency management is a new topic in the world of microfinance. The major goal of the article is to examine at delinquency management strategies in MFIs in Nepal, as well as the causes of loan delinquency and how to improve loan delinquency. The study’s goal necessitated an evaluation of relevant literature. In Nepal, the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) in the microfinance sector has been rising. The study found that adopting governance in loan delivery procedures, client identification, effective credit appraisal, and review of client credit history, professional knowledge of clients, client literacy, and identification of clients over indebtedness, credit monitoring and controls, and loan utilization can reduce MFI delinquency. The aim of this research is to help MFIs improve the quality of their loan portfolios. It shows that institutionally efficient MFIs may be able to meet both their social and financial goals. The conclusions of this article will aid MFIs in reducing NPL and better managing delinquency. | 252261421 |
4,507,939 | An Environment For Software System Development This paper presents an implementation of an expert system shell which has the capability of reasoning non-monotonically. An expert system is then developed which is capable of reasoning about software system development. The implementation of this expert system provides a working prototype that models a full scale environment for complex software system development. | 57915171 |
4,507,940 | Molecular Analyses of a Putative CTXφ Precursor and Evidence for Independent Acquisition of Distinct CTXφs by Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae ABSTRACT The genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxA andctxB) are encoded in the genome of CTXφ, a filamentous phage that infects Vibrio cholerae. To study the evolutionary history of CTXφ, we examined genome diversity in CTXφs derived from a variety of epidemic and nonepidemic Vibriosp. natural isolates. Among these were three V. choleraestrains that contained CTX prophage sequences but not thectxA and ctxB genes. These prophages each gave rise to a plasmid form whose genomic organization was very similar to that of the CTXφ replicative form, with the exception of missingctxAB. Sequence analysis of these three plasmids revealed that they lacked the upstream control region normally found 5′ ofctxA, as well as the ctxAB promoter region and coding sequences. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a CTXφ precursor that lacked ctxABsimultaneously acquired the toxin genes and their regulatory sequences. To assess the evolutionary relationships among additional CTXφs, two CTXφ-encoded genes, orfU and zot, were sequenced from 13 V. cholerae and 4 V. mimicusisolates. Comparative nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the CTXφs derived from classical and El Tor V. choleraeisolates comprise two distinct lineages within otherwise nearly identical chromosomal backgrounds (based on mdh sequences). These findings suggest that nontoxigenic precursors of the twoV. cholerae O1 biotypes independently acquired distinct CTXφs. | 2467871 |
4,507,941 | Analysis of the Quality of Points of Interest in the Most Popular Location-based Games Location-basedgames (LBGs) have risen to popularity recently with games like Pokémon GO, Jurassic World: Alive and Walking Dead: Our World. The games revolve around travelling to points of interests (PoIs) to perform missions, but where the points are located and what they represent in the real world varies between games. In this study, we look at the PoI placements in five popular LBGs for Android and iOS platforms: Pokémon GO, Ingress, Jurassic World: Alive, The Walking Dead: Our world and Draconius GO. The first two games utilize the same criteria-based manually created database of PoIs referred to as Portal Network, whereas the next three rely on algorithmically created PoIs. We use three factors in determining the quality of PoIs: 1) connection to real world places 2) uniqueness and metadata and 3) placement. Based on the three factors, the manually created PoI database used in Ingress, Pokémon GO and the upcoming Harry Potter: Wizards Unite outperforms automatically generated alternatives in cities and near tourist attractions, and provides a more immersive, robust and safe platform for LBGs in comparison to alternatives. However, algorithmic options maintain better PoI coverage in rural areas, an issue manual solutions will need to address. | 202676221 |
4,507,942 | An apparent case of nonsymmetrical and sustained strand-specific hemimethylation in the Dc8 gene of carrot. The Dc8 gene of carrot (Daucus carota L.) shows differential expression during embryo development. Changes in methylation patterns of a segment of about 500 bp (from base +120 to base -446) of Dc8 allele 6 were investigated by treating genomic DNA, extracted from embryogenic callus at different stages of development, with sodium bisulfite to modify nonmethylated cytosines. Following asymmetric (strand-specific) amplification, base sequences for samples from each developmental stage were determined for each strand directly from the PCR products or from cloned PCR products. Different methylation patterns were detected in the two strands. The 5' to 3' sense (coding) strand was almost completely nonmethylated, whereas almost all the cytosines in the 3' to 5' (template) strand were methylated. By 71 days after transfer to embryo-inducing medium, few methylcytosines remained; those that were present were generally near the TATA box or in a region beyond -300. The cytosines that were methylated were not limited to CG or CNG sequences. The difference in the extent of methylation between the two complementary strands implies either that there is a mechanism for strand-specific methylation, or that complementary sequences can differ greatly in sensitivity to bisulfite treatment or PCR amplification. | 5765471 |
4,507,943 | Applications of combinatorial chemistry in the agrosciences. During the past ten years combinatorial chemistry developed from a powerful synthetic methodology, providing large libraries of usually simple new chemical entities, to a comprehensive strategy presently covering a multitude of technologies across the whole workflow from hit generation to lead optimization. Thus combinatorial chemistry had a major impact not only on the pharmaceutical research but also with some delay on the agrochemical research. The agrochemical discovery environment is different from that of the pharmaceutical research in that it relies mainly on whole organism screenings. This review summarizes some recent applications of combinatorial chemistry in the agrosciences, covering all the three major fields of research: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. The article focuses on libraries with published biological activities and thus highlights some characteristic features of successful agrochemical libraries, which may be fundamentally different from pharmaceutical libraries. | 37003271 |
4,507,944 | The level of dental anxiety and dental status in adult patients. BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess potential correlation between dental anxiety and overall dental status in adult patients, in consideration of the frequency of dental appointments and individual dental hygiene practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individual dental anxiety levels were assessed with the aid of the Corah's dental anxiety scale (DAS). The study embraced 112 patients of the University Dental Clinic, Kraków. Following clinical and X-ray exams, respectively, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and dental treatment index (DTI) were computed for each study subject. RESULTS Mean DAS among the 112 subjects under study was 9.41 standard deviation (SD = 3.36). Mean DMFT value was 15.86 (SD = 7.00), whereas DTI value was 0.76 (SD = 0.27). The number of decayed teeth and an individual dental anxiety level were found to be correlated (r = 0.26). Higher dental anxiety correlated with lower DTI value (r = -0.22) and lesser frequency of dental appointments (r = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Individual dental anxiety level appears to impact overall dental status, frequency of dental appointments and everyday oral health practices. Every conceivable effort should therefore be undertaken with a view to effectively diminishing dental anxiety levels in the patients. How to cite the article: Dobros K, Hajto-Bryk J, Wnęk A, Zarzecka J, Rzepka D. The level of dental anxiety and dental status in adult patients. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):11-4. | 8458171 |
4,507,945 | Polanyi’s two transformations revisited: a ‘bottom up’ perspective ABSTRACT In The Great Transformation, Karl Polanyi offers a ‘top-down’ analysis of the rise and demise of Europe’s unregulated market system. He assumes that changes in the organization of the international economy provide particular kinds of opportunities for states to act which, in turn, shapes the extent to which social forces will be able to influence state policy. Consequently, his analysis focuses, first, on the international institutions created by the self-regulating market system; then on the ‘liberal state’ which these made possible; and finally on how the system impacts ‘society as a whole’. The account which this analysis produces systematically underplays the social struggles which propelled and emerged from the rise of Europe’s nineteenth century system and which ultimately led to its demise. In revisiting the two periods that are the focus of Polanyi’s analysis, this article assumes that states and interstate systems reflect the interests of powerful social forces. Thus, working from the ‘bottom up’, it focuses on the class interests that produced Europe’s market system, the state and international structures which reflected and supported them, and the social struggles that ultimately brought about the collapse of the system. What this ‘bottom up’ account reveals is the centrality of a ‘double movement’, not of market expansion and a protective countermove on the part of ‘society as a whole’, but of dominant classes monopolizing economic opportunities from global expansion, and a rising ‘red tide’ of disaffected workers. This double movement, it argues, better explains the demise of the | 149832571 |
4,507,946 | system and the changes that ensued from it. | 149832571 |
4,507,947 | Diet and Diabetes refrigerated and still be used in a screening for gross changes in plasma viscosity. The minimum increase, in 7 days, was seen in plasma stored at 4°C (1.8%) while the maximum increase (8.8%)was seen in blood stored at room temperature. Mr D W Lane (Scarborough General Hospital) advocated the use of simple capillary viscometers for assessing blood viscosity in haemorrheological disorders. The results correlate well with low shear-rate viscometry but offer advantages of sensitivity in some situations. Examples were given of the clinical application of the capillary viscometer in the hyperviscosity conditions of myeloma and leukaemia. Mr P C W Stone (University of Birmingham Medical School) compared three instruments for assessing erythrocyte filterability using six different in vitro test models. With mild to moderate impairment of cellular rheology the Hemorheometre, St George's Filtrometer and the Cell Transit Analyser gave comparable results. The latter instrument, however, provided more information on the properties of individual cells and on the size of abnormal populations of cells. With severe impairment of cellular rheology, however, the Hemorheometre and particularly the St George's Filtrometer were more sensitive owing to their ability to detect pore-clogging cells. The current computer software of the Cell Transit Analyser is not designed to detect pore-clogging cells or cells with a very long transit time. Dr J G Jones (UWCC, Cardiff) described how to calculate the mean pore transit time for normal granulocytes and lymphocytes from filtration studies of diluted blood and purified erythrocytes. The results were in close agreement with those already reported for | 74219471 |
4,507,948 | isolated and fractionated leukocytes. Hence separation of leukocytes by gradient centrifugation is an acceptable, but possibly not essential, prerequisite for the screening of leukocyte rheology in disease. The methods employed are applicable to results from currently available instruments that can measure initial steady-state flows of cell suspensions. Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is effective in the treatment of renal anaemia in haemodialysis patients!'. It is however pertinent to question whether the administration ofEPO to such patients affects the viscosity of the blood beyond that | 74219471 |
4,507,949 | Correlation between 18F‐THK5351 tau PET imaging and the progression of neuropathology and clinical signs in a mouse model Several common neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (ptau). In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), NFTs are accompanied by extracellular amyloid‐beta (Aβ), but primary tauopathy disorders are marked by the accumulation of tau protein alone. Abnormal ptau leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates in tauopathies such as AD. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a promising avenue that may identify tau aggregates in vivo cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in various dementia conditions. | 245705671 |
4,507,950 | Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism I. Metabolism in the Rumen Abstract Advances in knowledge of ruminant nutrition and metabolism during the second half of the twentieth century have been reviewed. Part I is concerned with metabolism in the rumen: Part II discusses utilization of nutrients absorbed from the rumen and lower tract to support growth and reproduction. The time frame was prompted by the crucial advances in ruminant physiology which arose from the work of Sir Jospeh Barcroft and his colleagues at Cambridge in the 1940s and 50s, and by the brilliant studies of Robert Hungate on rumen microbiology at much the same time. In reviewing the growth of knowledge of the role of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and bacteriophages in the rumen, outstanding developments have included the identification and characterization of fungi and the recognition that the utilization of polysaccharides in the rumen is accomplished by the sequential activities of consortia of rumen microorganisms. The role of protozoa is discussed in relation to the long standing debate on whether or not the removal of protozoa (defaunation) improves the efficiency of ruminant production. In relation to nitrogen (N) metabolism, the predation of bacteria by protozoa increases protein turnover in the rumen and reduces the efficiency of microbial protein production. This may account for the beneficial effects of defaunation where dietary N intakes are low and possibly rate limiting for growth and production. Current approaches to the measurement of rates of production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen based on the mathematical modelling of | 11894521 |
4,507,951 | isotope dilution data are outlined. The absorption of SCFA from the rumen and hindgut is primarily a passive permeation process. The role of microorganisms in N metabolism in the rumen has been discussed in relation to ammonia and urea interrelationships and to current inadequacies in the measurement of both protein degradation in the rumen and microbial protein synthesis. The growth of knowledge of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids has been reviewed with emphasis on the antimicrobial activity of lipids and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The protection of unsaturated dietary fats from ruminal biohydrogenation is an approach to the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of meat and dairy products. Discussion of the production of toxins in the rumen and the role of microorganisms in detoxification has focused on the metabolism of oxalate, nitrate, mycotoxins, saponins and the amino acid mimosine. Mimosine occurs in the tropical shrub leucaena, which is toxic to cattle in Australia but not in Hawaii. Tolerance to leucaena stems from the presence of a bacterium found in the rumen of Hawaiian cattle, which when transferred to Australian cattle survives and confers protection from mimosine. The genetic modification of rumen microorganisms to improve their capacity to ultilize nutrients or to detoxify antinutritive factors is an attractive strategy which has been pursued with outstanding success in the case of fluoroacetate. A common rumen bacterium has been genetically modified to express the enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase. The modified organism has been shown to survive in the rumen at metabolically significant levels and to confer | 11894521 |
4,507,952 | substantial protection from fluoroacetate poisoning. | 11894521 |
4,507,953 | [Attributes of forest infrastructure]. This paper discussed the origin and evolution of the conception of ecological infrastructure, the understanding of international communities about the functions of forest, the important roles of forest in China' s economic development and ecological security, and the situations and challenges to the ongoing forestry ecological restoration programs. It was suggested that forest should be defined as an essential infrastructure for national economic and social development in a modern society. The critical functions of forest infrastructure played in the transition of forestry ecological development were emphasized. Based on the synthesis of forest ecosystem features, it was considered that the attributes of forest infrastructure are distinctive, due to the fact that it is constructed by living biological material and diversified in ownership. The forestry ecological restoration program should not only follow the basic principles of infrastructural construction, but also take the special characteristics of forests into consideration in studying the managerial system of the programs. Some suggestions for the ongoing programs were put forward: 1) developing a modern concept of ecosystem where man and nature in harmony is the core, 2) formulating long-term stable investments for forestry ecological restoration programs, 3) implementing forestry ecological restoration programs based on infrastructure construction principles, and 4) managing forests according to the principles of infrastructural construction management. | 23545621 |
4,507,954 | Tylvalosin Induces Apoptosis of Porcine Neutrophils and Macrophages, Efferocytosis by Porcine Macrophages and Modulation of Lipid Mediators of Inflammation in vitro: A New Class of Anti‐Microbial with Anti‐inflammatory and Pro‐resolution Properties? Mucosal inflammatory diseases cause great economic losses in the livestock industry. Previous research has shown that some macrolides effectively modulate bacterial‐induced inflammation in animal models. Tylvalosin (TYL) is a new macrolide antibiotic, meant to treat porcine respiratory diseases, in which inflammation is a major component of pathophysiology. The immune modulating effects of tylvalosin are unknown. We hypothesized that TYL may promote the resolution of inflammation in pigs, hence making it an appealing anti‐infective therapeutic. | 249791321 |
4,507,955 | COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Recipients – A Single Center Experience from India Introduction: The information on the clinical outcome of renal transplant recipients getting COVID-19 infection is sparse. The aim of this study is to report a single-center experience of renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 from India. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 23 consecutive renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection presenting to our center from May 2020 to August 2020. Clinical parameters, laboratory values, imaging characteristics, and outcome of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Median follow-up duration was 36 (range: 10–110) days. Median age of patients was 54 (23–70) years, and 87% were male. Median duration since transplant was 69 (range: 15–132) months. The most common presenting feature was fever (82.6%), followed by breathlessness (43.5%) and cough (30.4%). Hospitalization rate was 52.2%, while 34.8% required ICU care. Severe to critical disease was seen in 39.1% of patients, and 17.4% required mechanical ventilation. Patients with severe disease had a higher incidence of lymphopenia (P = 0.005) when compared to the ones with mild to moderate disease. Acute kidney injury was seen in 39.1% of patients, and 13% required dialysis. Mortality rate was 13% overall, and 25% in those hospitalized. Conclusion: Renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 have a poor outcome. Although not all of them need hospitalization, they should be monitored closely. Immunosuppression minimization is an important part of the treatment strategy. | 252912371 |
4,507,956 | Complexes of tetracyclines with divalent metal cations investigated by stationary and femtosecond-pulsed techniques. Spectroscopic techniques both in steady-state (in absorption and emission) and pulsed (absorption of excited states with femtosecond resolution) conditions were used to study the complexation process between six molecules belonging to the tetracycline family and Mg(2+); in the case of TC the study was extended to the metal ions Ca(2+) and Cu(2+). The study was carried out in aqueous solution at various pH values, where one acid-base form of the substrate prevails over the others. The processing of experimental results, performed by means of Singular Value Decomposition and Global Analysis methods, allowed us to evaluate the extent of interaction through the association constants, to identify the number of equilibria present in solution and the stoichiometry (1:1 or 1:2) of the tetracycline:metal ion complex, and to define the spectral and photophysical properties of the latter (in terms of fluorescence quantum yields, lifetimes and rate constants). In fact, the (allowed) radiative decay process is a minor root for the lowest excited state of the complexes which mainly decay to the ground state by internal conversion. Details of the complexation sites are proposed for the various protonated forms of tetracyclines, and for the various cations in the case of TC. In particular, the molecular structure seems to affect significantly the dynamics of interaction when the upper peripheral region of tetracycline is rich in additional hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the state of protonation of the substrate produces changes in the order of the complexation sites, whose affinity for | 882771 |
4,507,957 | the cation increases significantly when they are negatively charged owing to the loss of protons. Magnesium and calcium (hard cations) give similar interactions, at least in acid solution, while copper(ii) (borderline cation) binds more efficiently on different sites, thus forming complexes with different properties. | 882771 |
4,507,958 | Upper Limits for Criteria for Tests of Dimensionality Under Elliptical Populations Abstract In this paper, tests of dimensionality in the multivariate analysis of variance model under elliptical populations are considered. We show that the upper bounds proposed by Yoshida et al. [Yoshida, K., Imai, H., Sato, Y. (2002). New criteria for tests of dimensionality under elliptical populations. J. Japan Statist. Soc. 32:183–192] are upper limits for likelihood ratio (LR), Lawley–Hotelling (LH), and Bartlett–Nanda–Pillai (BNP) criteria under elliptical populations. | 119992871 |
4,507,959 | Aerodynamic Analysis and Optimisation of Wingtip-Mounted Pusher Propellers: An investigation into the propulsive gains and optimal geometry of small-scale propellers Ever since the late seventies great engineering effort has gone into increasing the fuel efficiency and reduction of the noise profile of aircraft. A concept that has been explored is the wingtip-mounted (pusher) propeller. In all wings energy is lost due to the lift-induced vortex at the wingtip. Wingtip-mounted pusher propellers can recover some of this energy if rotating opposite to the wingtip vortex rotation. The required propeller shaft power and wing induced drag could be reduced. Nevertheless, no aircraft utilise this setup because of aeroelastic problems and one-engine-out requirements. Nowadays this can be resolved by scaling down the propeller and using (distributed) electric propulsion. Recent developments in personal air transport and multi-rotor aircraft have sparked interest in wingtip-mounted propellers. The goal of this research is to obtain quantified insight into the propulsive efficiency gains and optimal geometry of a pusher propeller placed in a wingtip flow field. In the first part of this research a CFD simulation of the wingtip flow field was implemented and validated with available experimental data. A simple Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model proved to be most suitable and accurate. The flow field of the Tecnam P2006T aircraft was modelled to provide a realistic wingtip flow field to which the propeller would be subjected. In the second part of this research a lower-order tool called PROPR was built and proved to be a fast propeller aerodynamic analysis tool. Validation with experimental data showed | 125288971 |
4,507,960 | a deviation of less than 15% in obtained thrust- and torque coefficients found. PROPR was integrated in an optimisation routine for fast optimisation of propeller geometry and operating conditions for non-uniform inflow. Total thrust, torque and their distributions obtained from PROPR and an implemented CFD model showed identical trends and were overestimated approximately 5% by PROPR . In the final research part the Tecnam wing with installed propeller was investigated. A wingtip-mounted pusher propeller enables more than 12% increase in propulsive efficiency over the entire propeller thrust regime evaluated. Propeller optimisation was done for a thrust range of 50 l T des l 350 N, wing induced drag was 240 N. Relative reductions in power requirement were constant for the thrust regime. Absolute power decrease did not decrease with increasing design thrust. No airfoil optimisation was performed to enable fast and stable optimization. From optimisation of a fictitious propeller with constant airfoil geometry it was concluded that the airfoil geometries are a limiting factor in fully capturing the benefits of the wingtip flow field. In optimised (installed) propeller geometry blade loadings shift towards the blade root. A smaller chord length and lower RPM are preferred given the used baseline propeller geometry. A CFD simulation in which the propeller was represented as an actuator disk was constructed. The up- stream effect of an installed propeller was negligible. Thus, the incoming flow field was independent of pro- peller thrust within the considered thrust range. With this the implemented methodology was proven to be valid. Also, the overall power | 125288971 |
4,507,961 | reduction of the combined setup is thus equal to the power reduction of the propeller. Comparison with transient CFD simulations of the wing with installed propeller showed great cor- respondence with results from PROPR . In further research it is recommended to include optimisation of (root section) airfoil geometries in the propeller design. Evaluation of propellers at higher thrust levels would provide insight in power reduction at these higher thrust levels. Finally, investigation of the propeller at additional downstream locations, in- cidence angles and azimuthal positions would further validate the benefits of wingtip-mounted propellers suggested in this research. | 125288971 |
4,507,962 | Human placental trophoblasts synthesize melatonin and express its receptors Abstract: Although the role of melatonin on fetal development has been the subject of a number of studies, little is known about the function of melatonin in the placenta. We previously showed that melatonin receptors are expressed and are functional in JEG‐3 and BeWo cell lines, both in vitro models of human trophoblast. Local synthesis of melatonin in placenta has been proposed, but the human placenta’s ability to synthesize melatonin de novo has never been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression [reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blot analysis] and activity (radiometric assay) of melatonin synthesizing enzymes, and characterize the expression of the melatoninergic receptors in human term villous trophoblast. The results show that arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole O‐methyltransferase melatonin synthesizing enzymes are expressed and active in villous trophoblast as well as in JEG‐3 and BeWo placental choriocarcinoma cells. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of MT1, MT2, and retinoid‐related orphan nuclear receptor α melatonin receptor proteins in both villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast (STB) as well as in endothelial cells surrounding the fetal capillaries and in the villous mesenchymal core. RT‐PCR and western blot analysis in primary cultures of human term trophoblast confirmed the expression of all three melatonin receptors in villous cytotrophoblast and STB cells. This study demonstrates for the first time a local synthesis of melatonin and expression of its receptors in human trophoblasts and strongly suggests a paracrine, autocrine, and/or intracrine role for this indolamine in placental | 26929271 |
4,507,963 | function and development as well as in protection from oxidative stress. | 26929271 |
4,507,964 | Crime, Misdemeanor, and Arrhythmia Decoding CAST O n April 11, 1989, the Safety Monitoring Board of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) published its preliminary results.1 Its data showed an increase in arrhythmia deaths in patients who were treated with encainide/flecainide compared with those who received placebo (relative risk = 3.6).2 Fama volat (the news was spreading fast). There followed a plethora of colorful editorials that began to erode the belief that the suppression of ventricular premature complexes by antiarrhythmic drugs improves survival. Some of these commentaries included “Pharmacotherapy of Ventricular Arrhythmias; Impact of the CAST Findings”3; “Consequences of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial, Calamity or Clarity”2’4; “Lesson from the Past and Reflections on the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial”5; “Clinical Implications of New Studies in the Treatment of Benign, Potentially Malignant and Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias”6; “Toward a New Understanding of the Mechanism and Prevention of Sudden Death in Coronary Heart Disease”7; and “Clinical and Regulatory Implications of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial”.8 These editorials began to have physicians grasping for antiarrhythmic guidelines, and patients became alarmed about the potential danger of antiarrhythmic therapy. Suddenly, it became a “crime” to treat post-myocardial patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. The “guilt by association” process extended to all antiarrhythmic drugs related to type Ic, as well as types Ia and lb. A therapeutic nihilism regarding ventricular arrhythmias began to prevail. The antiarrhythmic therapy has been restricted to several high-risk groups with lethal ventricular arrhythmias, such as patients with histories of cardiac arrest91#{176} and sustained ventricular tachycardia.10 Treatment | 32533671 |
4,507,965 | of ventricular arrhythmias came out of the premise that sudden cardiac death might be preventable if the electrical instability of the heart is | 32533671 |
4,507,966 | Functional evidence of distinct ATP activation sites at the human P2X7 receptor 1 The effect of the agonist ATP on whole cell currents of Xenopus oocytes expressing either the wild‐type human P2X7 receptor (hP2X7), an N‐terminally hexahistidyl‐tagged hP2X7 receptor (His‐hP2X7), or a truncated His‐hP2X7 receptor (His‐hP2X7ΔC) lacking the C‐terminal 156 amino acids was investigated using the two‐microelectrode voltage clamp technique. 2 The activation time course of the wild‐type hP2X7 receptor can be described as the sum of an exponentially growing and an additional almost linearly activating current component. 3 The amplitude of the exponentially activating current component of the wild‐type hP2X7 receptor displayed a biphasic dependence on the agonist concentration, which could be best approximated by a model of two equal high‐sensitivity and two equal low‐sensitivity non‐cooperative activation sites with apparent dissociation constants of about 4 and 200 μm free ATP4‐, respectively. 4 The linearly activating current was monophasically dependent on the agonist concentration with an apparent dissociation constant of about 200 μm. 5 The contribution of the low‐sensitivity sites to current kinetics was reduced or almost abolished in oocytes expressing His‐hP2X7 or His‐hP2X7ΔC. 6 Our data indicate that the hP2X7 receptor possesses at least two types of activation sites, which differ in ATP4‐ sensitivity by a factor of 50. The degree of occupation of these two sites influences both activation and deactivation kinetics. Both N‐ and C‐terminal domains appear to be important determinants of the current elicited by activation of the sites with low ATP sensitivity, but not for that mediated by the highly ATP‐sensitive | 25395371 |
4,507,967 | sites. | 25395371 |
4,507,968 | Building the Reality Deck Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CHI 2013 Extended Abstracts, April 27 May 2, 2013, Paris, France. ACM 978-1-4503-1952-2/13/04. Abstract We have constructed a gigapixel resolution display that offers a full 360 horizontal field-of-view. This system, called the Reality Deck, is the world’s most expansive large-format display and it is the largest resolution display ever built. It utilizes 416 LCD panels at 2560× 1440 resolution each, for a combined resolution of more than 1.5 gigapixels. In this paper, we present some of the design decisions and engineering challenges behind the creation of this large-scale visualization facility. | 12844221 |
4,507,969 | Efficiency lower bounds for commit-and-prove constructions Commitment schemes that admit zero-knowledge proofs for relations among committed values are known as commit-and-prove functionalities or notarized envelopes. An important role in this context play equality proofs among commitments. They appear in various contexts of multi-party computation, circuit satisfiability or inclusion proofs. Using commit- and-prove functionalities admitting equality, we investigate blackbox constructions of commit-and-prove functionalities admitting more complex relations. Typically, these constructions have to create commitments to additional values to achieve a certain level of soundness. An important efficiency measure is the number of such additional commitments. We prove that, for the natural and quite general class of 3-round public-coin zero-knowledge protocols, implementing the inequality relation, or any of the relations NAND, NOR, or XOR, essentially requires at least 2n additional commitments in order to achieve a soundness of 2−n. A folklore protocol shows that this bound is tight for inequality. | 21769471 |
4,507,970 | Problems of Name and lineage: relationships between South Indian authors of the Śaiva Siddhānta With this fourth volume Mme. Brunner-Lachaux completes her richly annotated translation of the influential eleventh-century book of rituals of the old pan-Indian Śaiva Siddhanta by Somaśambhu. The first of these volumes appeared in 1963, among the first fruits of the study of the Sanskrit texts of the Śaiva Siddhānta pursued by the French Institute of Pondicherry (hereafter IFP). Since then much has been discovered about the history of the development of the Śaiva Siddhānta (a great deal through the efforts of Brunner-Lachaux herself) and a number of its texts have seen publication, so that it is only to be expected that there should be a gulf between the first and fourth volumes (hereafter SP1, SP4, etc.). It is therefore excellent news that Brunner-Lachaux intends to produce an entirely revised SP1 (announced on p. lxv). | 163325021 |
4,507,971 | The Dynamics of Domestic Violence: Does Arrest Matter? In this paper, we estimate a stochastic-dynamic model for domestic violence using data collected by the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment. Our primary finding is that arrest deters domestic violence, but the effect wears off quite quickly. We find also that current employment for the male is associated with lower levels of violence. Like arrest, the effect of employment is transitory. If the male becomes unemployed, the level of violence will increase quite rapidly. Violence in one period is associated with higher probabilities of violence in subsequent periods. From a methodological perspective, our results suggest that policy evaluation and deterrence research would benefit from using models that allow examination of the dynamic path of intervention effects. The effect of private and social programs need not be constant over time, and applying traditional, static models that necessarily impose such an assumption may produce misleading results. For Minneapolis, static models produced the result `arrest works.' The dynamic model suggests a different conclusion `arrest buys us a little time.' | 153480421 |
4,507,972 | The Ethnic Roots of Class Universalism: Rethinking the “Russian” Revolutionary Elite1 This article retrieves the ethnic roots that underlie a universalist class ideology. Focusing empirically on the emergence of Bolshevism, it provides biographical analysis of the Russian Revolution’s elite, finding that two‐thirds were ethnic minorities from across the Russian Empire. After exploring class and ethnicity as intersectional experiences of varying significance to the Bolsheviks' revolutionary politics, this article suggests that socialism’s class universalism found affinity with those seeking secularism in response to religious tensions, a universalist politics where ethnic violence and sectarianism were exclusionary, and an ethnically neutral and tolerant “imperial” imaginary where Russification and geopolitics were particularly threatening or imperial cultural frameworks predominated. The claim is made that socialism’s class universalism was as much a product of ethnic particularism as it was constituted by it. | 43875821 |
4,507,973 | Lessons Learned from Extensive Well Testing Operations in Khuff Formations Offshore Abu Dhabi Sanctioning the development of complex carbonate reservoirs and selecting an adequate development plan is not a trivial matter. Understanding formation heterogeneities such as layering, lateral continuity, natural fracture networks, or the impact of faulting are crucial to identify the optimal development strategy. Furthermore, completions strategies can have an outsized impact on the viability of such projects. Those challenges are particularly acute in the Khuff formations offshore Abu Dhabi and detailed formation evaluation is required. An extensive appraisal campaign was performed in Khuff reservoirs, with multiple appraisal wells drilled in different fields. Those wells were evaluated using detailed logging campaigns and then subjected to well tests, usually through drillstem testing (DST) for targeted intervals. Depending on the openhole logs, one to four tests were performed on each well. Multiple objective had to be met: assess formation potential, tie petrophysical properties to inflow sources observed from production logs, perform descriptive pressure transient analysis to understand formation structure away from the wellbore, and assess the optimal completion and stimulation strategy. The interpretation of well tests, combined with advanced petrophysical analysis, formation test data, and production logs, provided a unique insight into the nature of the Khuff reservoirs. A wide range of responses was observed, from tight to highly productive, but not necessarily with clear prior indications of deliverability or inflow intervals. Clear evidence of natural fracture networks or thin highly productive zones were observed, not necessarily correlated to standard logging results. By contrast, other tests yielded | 228839621 |
4,507,974 | more of a matrix-driven flow, even though marked by significant vertical variations. Lateral continuity was also shown to be a possible development challenge, with behavior changing significantly between wells in relative vicinity of each other. This paper will present the observations but also offer some explanations and highlight remaining questions stemming from the analysis of the data acquired. Critically, this will show how the near-wellbore formation characteristics cannot readily yield a clear picture of larger-scale formation behavior and that only actual well testing combined with an appropriate stimulation strategy can unlock formation potential. Observations from the appraisal data over the wide number of wells considered in this study brought a unique insight into the characteristics of the Khuff reservoirs, offshore Abu Dhabi. We highlight their complexity and identify challenges in reliably characterizing them to enable optimal development. This study also shows how well test results can uniquely provide answers not obtainable through other means. | 228839621 |
4,507,975 | Family Law as a determinant of child health and welfare: Shared parenting, breastfeeding and the best interests of the child Abstract Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for infants and requires the infant and mother to spend significant time together. In July 2006 the Australian Government introduced the Family Law Amendment (Shared Parental Responsibility) Act 2006 (Cth) (the Shared Parental Responsibility Act 2006) which puts in place a legal presumption of shared parental responsibility for children after separation and which emphasises ‘equal time’ parenting arrangements. The expectation of ‘equal time’ or substantial and significant parenting arrangements becomes problematic when considering breastfed children. Decisions about parenting of children under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) are required to be made with the ‘best interests of the child’ as the paramount consideration; a central tenet of the Act which remains in place following the Shared Parental Responsibility Act 2006. There appears to be a tension in determining the best interests of the child in cases where children are breastfed and their father is seeking equal or substantial shared care arrangements. This article begins a discussion about the decisions regarding ‘shared parenting’ of breastfed children that do not always appear to be in the best interests of children’s health and well-being. Two cases from an on-going study to investigate breastfeeding women’s experiences of the implementation of the Act will be used to illustrate that the court made decisions for breastfeeding mothers are not consistent and compromise the ability of women to continue breast feeding. The paper argues that the Shared | 144092121 |
4,507,976 | Parental Responsibility Act 2006, and the decisions made, can work at a macro-level to produce social and health disparities for these children. Further questions are raised about the best interests of children when domestic violence and/or abuse are present. The impact of this new law on the continued breastfeeding of very young children is an unacknowledged consequence and a public health concern. | 144092121 |
4,507,977 | Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing Trends in a Pediatric Population in Northern Poland 2008-2012. OBJECTIVES In recent years antipsychotics have been increasingly used in the population of children and adolescents. The objective of this article is to profile the use of antipsychotic medications in a pediatric population in Poland based on data from the Pomeranian region (Northern Poland). METHODS The study was based on National Health Fund data about prescription drug reimbursement between 2008 and 2012. A patient database was created using ID to analyze specific patterns and information about individuals using antipsychotics. Percentage population indicators were calculated using official demographic reports. RESULTS An increased number of overall prescriptions was observed since 2008, with a subsequent decline to its lowest number in 2012. The population with at least one antipsychotic-filled prescription per year has grown in the same time. The annual rate has increased from 0.26% to 0.31% of the general population between 0 and 17 years of age in the Pomeranian region. We observed an increasing number of females and the 0- to 4-year-old receiving antipsychotic prescriptions. The population share of prescribed first-generation antipsychotics exceeded the share of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). The use of SGAs increased from 38% to 44% of all prescriptions, during the observation period. The most frequently prescribed drugs were Risperidone (26.7%) and Chlorprothixene (21.7%). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that the prescribing patterns of antipsychotics increased in the Polish pediatric population and concerned more patients from the youngest group. The high prevalence of such early exposure to antipsychotics should focus more attention on drug | 51725171 |
4,507,978 | safety in this population. | 51725171 |
4,507,979 | Research on Economic Dispatching Method of Active Distribution Network based on Multi-microgrids With the addition of more high-performing new energy power generation, the lack of multi-microgrids dispatch plan will severely limit the potential for new energy sources to be dissipated. This paper proposes a hierarchical scheduling structure for multiple interconnected microgrids, the upper level coordination scheduling center mainly considers the energy interaction between the distribution network scheduling plan and the whole interconnected microgrids response, the lower level coordination scheduling is to ensure the optimal operation of each microgrid while considering the energy interaction between microgrids. The energy exchange within the multi interconnected microgrids is realized according to the contact line plan. With this scheduling, the problem of oversize information exchange is improved in the original scheduling mode. | 54452971 |
4,507,980 | Toxoplasmosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Forty-one cases of toxoplasmosis were diagnosed in 15 European transplantation centers in patients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from 1994 through 1998. Most patients (39 [94%]) were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii before they underwent transplantation, and 30 (73%) had developed moderate to severe acute graft-versus-host disease before they developed toxoplasmosis. Thirty-five (85%) patients had Toxoplasma disease with evidence of organ involvement, whereas 6 (15%) patients had Toxoplasma infection, as defined by fever and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) finding for T. gondii in blood. Nine patients were diagnosed at autopsy. Thirty patients (73%) had not received antimicrobial prophylaxis with anti-Toxoplasma activity after undergoing transplantation. The median day of onset of disease after HSCT was 64. Twenty-two (63%) patients died from toxoplasmosis, and 23 (66%) received adequate anti-Toxoplasma therapy for > or =3 days. Among these 23 patients, 11 (48%) showed a complete response and 3 (13%) showed improvement. In univariate and multivariate analyses, having received adequate therapy and experiencing late infection (>63 days after HSCT) were associated with a lower risk of dying from toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis after HSCT is a severe infection with a high mortality rate even when diagnosed soon after HSCT, and PCR may help establish the diagnosis earlier. | 11450321 |
4,507,981 | Putnam, Dennett, and Others: Philosophical Resources for the World Historian This article presents resources for thinking straight about the global history enterprise that have not been widely recognized or discussed by practitioners. Several important philosophers are discussed briefly; fuller attention is given to two. Hilary Putnam presents a nuanced account of human reason and flourishing that goes beyond the factvalue dichotomy that often bedevils our work. Daniel Dennett does much to clarify the nature of the evolutionary processes—natural, social, and cultural—we discuss and the elements of cultural interaction and learning, sometimes called “memes.” | 143827221 |
4,507,982 | On the effective action of the vacuum photon splitting in Lorentz violating QED through Krein space The finding of an explicit effective action describing amplitude of photon triple splitting is investigated through Krein space quantization and quantum metric fluctuation. Using the derivative expansion method, the one-loop radiative corrections from Lorentz- and CPT- violating extended Krein QED shows that it is not possible to find a nonzero effective action. | 119304921 |
4,507,983 | Castells’s “Network Society Theory” to Human Geography —Analysis and Comparison Based on Chinese and Foreign Quotations Based on 898 English documents and 363 Chinese documents citing the Rising of Network Society, it studied that the knowledge contribution of citation content analysis and citation context analysis methods, and the knowledge contribution of Chinese and foreign quotations to human geography. The study found that “mobile space” is the most quoted theoretical view in domestic and foreign literature, and the proportion of domestic research is significantly higher than foreign research; the focus of domestic and foreign research focuses on the external spatial form and its transformation, while foreign research pays more attention on the internal spatial dynamics of network society and three types of knowledge contributions, reflecting the influence of “network social theory” on human geography. Among them, critical references reveal the shortcomings of “network social theory” point out the abstraction of “spatial duality” the importance of local space, and the limitations of research data, methods, and time background, which provides new enlightenment for the future application and innovation of “network social theory” in the field of human geography. | 244197271 |
4,507,984 | [Pain Management in the Multimorbid Patient]. No treatment without risks. This is particularly true in the pharmacologic pain management of multimorbid patients. This article is meant to address some of the most relevant clinical questions, such as the use of opioids in the cognitively impaired patient or the well-known interactions between NSAID and aspirin. The advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently prescribed analgesics are highlighted. Furthermore, the most useful interventional techniques in the multimorbid patient are discussed. | 39274521 |
4,507,985 | Comparison of Nanocomposite Film and Electrospun Nanocomposite Fibers Based on Poly (2-Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate) and Microcrystalline Cellulose as Anticancer Implants In the present study nanocomposite fibers and film scaffolds based on poly (2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) and microcrystalline cellulose were prepared by electrospinning method and solvent casting method, respectively. Paclitaxel (20 ppm) was incorporated during the preparation of fibers and film to result in paclitaxel-incorporated nanocomposite film and fibers with an encapsulation efficiency of 63% and 72%, respectively. These prepared nanocomposite films and fibers were characterized and confirmed by FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The biocompatibility of the nanocomposite scaffolds were assessed using VERO cell lines. The in vitro release of paclitaxel from the nanocomposite fibers, and film was found to be 74 ± 1.2% and 64 ± 1.2%, respectively. | 95588771 |
4,507,986 | Dental Discomfort Questionnaire: predicting toothache in preverbal children. AIM In the present study the value of the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire in predicting toothache in young children is analysed. METHODS The Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-8; Cronbach's alpha 0.75) was completed by parents on behalf of their children (N=99; mean age 47 months). Half of the children were referred to a special dental care centre and the other half were controls from a day care centre. RESULTS The behaviours from the DDQ-8 appeared to be more often present in those children with decayed teeth and toothache than in those without decayed teeth or toothache. A score of 3 or higher on the DDQ-8 seemed the best cut-off point to predict toothache in children. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the DDQ-8 has predictive value for toothache. STATISTICS The validity of the DDQ-8 was expressed as sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The DDQ's ability to discriminate between patients with and without toothache was estimated by the area under the ROC area of the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS The DDQ-8 could be helpful for parents, non-dental healthcare workers and researchers in predicting the existence of toothache in preverbal children. | 17513971 |
4,507,987 | Exact Simulation of a Truncated Lévy Subordinator A truncated Lévy subordinator is a Lévy subordinator in R+ with Lévy measure restricted from above by a certain level b. In this article, we study the path and distribution properties of this type of process in detail and set up an exact simulation framework based on a marked renewal process. In particular, we focus on a typical specification of truncated Lévy subordinator, namely the truncated stable process. We establish an exact simulation algorithm for the truncated stable process, which is very accurate and efficient. Compared to the existing algorithm suggested in Chi, our algorithm outperforms over all parameter settings. Using the distributional decomposition technique, we also develop an exact simulation algorithm for the truncated tempered stable process and other related processes. We illustrate an application of our algorithm as a valuation tool for stochastic hyperbolic discounting, and numerical analysis is provided to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our methods. We also show that variations of the result can also be used to sample two-sided truncated Lévy processes, two-sided Lévy processes via subordinating Brownian motions, and truncated Lévy-driven Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. | 209956271 |
4,507,988 | Communicating Built Heritage Information Using Tangible Interaction Approach Built heritage objects possess multiple types of information, varying from simple, factual aspects to more complex qualitative information and values, such as the architectural qualities, the construction techniques, or symbolic meanings of monuments. This qualitative information is relatively difficult to communicate using the conventional ways like museum labels or audio guides. Nonetheless, tangible interaction is a promising paradigm for communicating tacit information, its qualities have been demonstrated in a wide range of applications in different realms. Therefore, this study investigates how tangible interaction can enable the communication of qualitative information of built heritage to lay visitors. The main objectives of this study are communicating tacit and architectural qualities of built heritage in a physical form, investigating the effect of tangible interaction on social interaction among heritage visitors, and enhancing visitors' in-situ experience of built heritage or 1:1 replicas. Our early findings indicate the capability of tangible interaction for engaging museum visitors to accomplish additional endeavors, and facilitating their understanding of cultural values and architectural qualities of built heritage. | 17630971 |
4,507,989 | Russian Cultural Marking of the International Scene: The Soft Power to the Test (2000-2018) Since the mid-1990s, and even more Vladimir Putin’s accession to the presidency, reaffirmation and recognition of Russia’s status as a great power has been erected as an existential political imperative. The restoration of Russia's global influence is one of the parts of this high-powered policy implemented by the authorities. It manifests itself repeatedly through hard power initiatives outside national borders in Georgia, Ukraine or Syria. But the “color revolutions” in the post-Soviet space, primarily the Orange Revolution of 2004, prompt the Russian government to rethink its foreign policy in order to project a better image of Russia abroad. This late awareness is reflected in the adoption of a clean soft power strategy and its main key instruments are created during the second term of Vladimir Putin (2004- 2008). The notion of soft power will be institutionalized in the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation on February 12, 2013. This article is therefore intended as a contribution to the analysis of the issues surrounding the cultural variable in foreign policy. of the Russian Federation. It is therefore more precisely his ambition to decipher the motives underlying the mobilization of resources for the purpose of cultural outreach by Russia. A country with many contrasts and, moreover, in a world cultural field traditionally controlled by strong Western powers, Russia has opted for soft power, with the triple vision of making its way, to feed its current rise and to pose as a “responsible” and | 219148871 |
4,507,990 | “conciliatory” power. For the twelfth largest economic power in the world, it is also a question of reducing the mistrust and criticism that its presence already arouses on the international scene. The choice made on the cultural variable is therefore not insignificant; because, it is a strategy, through which Russia would like to build, if not regain its greatness of yesteryear. | 219148871 |
4,507,991 | Search for Gluonic Excitations in Hadrons with GlueX The GlueX experiment will employ a linearly polarized 9 GeV tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target to search for exotic states in the light meson spectrum. Optimized for this purpose, the detector has a highly uniform acceptance over nearly 4p solid angle, with high efficiency for both neutral and charged final state particles. An overview of the physics motivation and detector design will be given. | 17509871 |
4,507,992 | [Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: are there any preoperative clinical and laboratory factors predictive of degeneration. Results of a French-Belgium collective series]. Intraductal papillary and mucinous tumors are rare. We retrospectively analysed clinical, surgical and histological features and outcome of 41 operated patients (29 males, 12 females, mean age = 63 years). The commonest presenting manifestation was acute pancreatitis (41%). Tumor was located in only one pancreatic segment in 45% cases. Forty one per cent of patients had invasive carcinoma, 20% had tumor with severe dysplasia and 39% with minimal or moderate dysplasia. Only elevated age was significantly associated with invasive carcinoma. Eleven out of 17 patients with invasive carcinoma (65%) had a recurrence after surgery and 6 (35%) died. Among 24 patients with noninvasive tumor, 2 (8%) recurred without tumor-related death in the follow-up (48 months). This study underlines the need for early surgical resection in patients with intraductal papillary and mucinous tumor because of the high frequency of invasive carcinoma and the poor outcome of patients with invasive carcinoma. | 12433171 |
4,507,993 | [Phagocytic activity of platelets in patients with pneumonia]. In 22 patients with pneumonia the per cent of phagocytizing platelets and the phagocytosis index of the platelets were determined before treatment and in 14 patients this was done after treatment. Before treatment the per cent of phagocytizing platelets was 1.37%, on average, and after treatment it was 1.20, and it was thus much lower than in the control group X 2.33. The phagocytosis index before treatment was 1.39 on average, and after treatment it was 1.28, while in the control group it was 1.54. The obtained results seem to indicate that in pneumonia platelets participate in the antibacterial processes and the lungs as a thrombopoietic organ contribute to this phenomenon. | 13610821 |
4,507,994 | Towards a Critical Phenomenology of Borders and Migration: Introduction to the Themed Issue With the themed issue “The Critical Phenomenology of Borders and Migration,” we at Puncta wish to highlight the need for a continued systematic reflection on the lived experiences of migrants in relation to the political and social structures that inform these experiences. By claiming that critical phenomenology can be a fruitful approach to this work, we insist that the complex lived experience of migrants should not only be acknowledged and included in the form of examples and anecdotes, but systematically integrated and interrogated in philosophical conversations on migration-related matters. The hope is that critically attuned phenomenological analyses of migrant lived experiences may contribute to offer new knowledges indispensable for understanding what is actually at stake—philosophically, politically, ethically, and existentially—with the particular situations that migrants, border-crossers and border-dwellers continually negotiate | 251878421 |
4,507,995 | [Underestimation of exposure incidence rates in Polish health workers: a prospective study]. BACKGROUND Analyses of exposure rates among health care workers comprise both risk and epidemiology of blood borne pathogenic factors. In Poland, a possible extent of underestimation of such incidents has not yet been widely studied in the population of this group of employees. The aim of the study was to observe a group of population chosen as an example to assess the actual exposure incidence rates, especially those not subjected to registration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective six-month survey covered 319 Lower Silesia health care workers: physicians, nurses and auxiliary staff. Statistical methods were used to analyze the obtained data, especially those concerning the job performance, the number of medical procedures performed and frequency of exposures, both registered in each case and not registered in the post-exposure prophylaxis log. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Finally, 269 persons were under observation. Actual exposure incidence rate was several fold higher than that officially registered and differed depending on the department and subgroup of health care workers. In summary, the ratio of all the registered cases to those not registered was 1: 6. An overall proportion of not registered cases of exposure was as high as 86%. Most frequent job activities of exposed health care workers comprised preparatory procedures like parenteral drug administration or injections. Post-procedure activities were less frequently the cause of exposure. Non-registration of such exposures were motivated by a self-assessment of a low infection risk or a conviction that self-protection on the incidence site was optimal. | 6915871 |
4,507,996 | Lack of current knowledge was rather rarely admitted as a reason for underreporting. | 6915871 |
4,507,997 | General Magnetic Model for the Analysis and Optimization of Multiple Barrier Rotors In the industrial sectors characterized by a high technology competition, the rush for maximum performance results frequently in multi-objective optimization problems. For instance, most of the main car manufacturers regard Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motors as the best solution to address the tight design constraints which their Hybrid and Electric Vehicles have to meet. Finding the optimal rotor geometry of a high performance IPM motor involves several variables and has a significant influence on the overall characteristics of the motor. This paper proposes a novel magnetic model that enables the designer to define computationally-efficient fitness functions necessary to run an optimization algorithm. This model consists of a small set of recursive equations, so that its validity may be extended to an unlimited number of flux barriers. In order to validate this approach, the Lexus LS 600h motor (two flux barriers) has been selected as a case study. | 54450421 |
4,507,998 | Simulation of fluid dynamics through complicated networks of channels with cellular automata To simulate the behavior of a liquid flowing through complicated regions of channels and porous media, we propose to simplify the problem using cellular automata (CA) simulation, in order to study qualitatively the behavior of the fluid dynamics. CA allows us to work with complicated border conditions by simply considering, or not, a particular cell to be part of the fluid flow. The fluid flow in the CA is achieved by setting the following rules of behavior: it is considered that the movement of fluid particles can only be due to gravity (vertically) and/or horizontally (for space availability) using probability values; upward movements can only be due to the balance of hydrostatic pressure outside the framework of CA; also, the particles will not be able to move to spaces already occupied by the fluid or spaces that form the walls of the structure. It was further possible to simulate the simultaneous behavior of two fluids of different density that cannot be mixed due to the programming simplicity of CA. Several case studies are discussed. | 125608571 |
4,507,999 | Influence of Lower Extremity Sensory Function on Locomotor Adaptation Following Stroke: A Review Abstract Following stroke, people commonly demonstrate locomotor impairments including reduced walking speed and spatiotemporal asymmetry. Rehabilitation programs have been effective in increasing gait speed, but spatiotemporal asymmetry has been more resistant to change. The inability to modify gait patterns for improved symmetry may be related, in part, to impairments in lower extremity sensation. Assessment of lower extremity sensory impairments in people post stroke, including cutaneous and proprioceptive sensation, has been insufficiently studied. Conventional rehabilitation programs, including body weight-supported walking or robotic assistance, that modify sensory feedback intended to alter lower extremity movement patterns have shown limited success in improving gait symmetry. Rehabilitation programs that amplify specific gait asymmetries have demonstrated the potential to ultimately produce more symmetric gait, presumably by allowing individuals post stroke to more readily perceive their gait asymmetry. The effectiveness of such error augmentation paradigms, however, may be influenced by lower extremity sensation and the ability of the central nervous system to be aware of altered lower extremity movement. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the literature on lower extremity sensory function and its influence on gait adaptation in people post stroke. | 41906121 |
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