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4,507,600 | A Unique Gas-Migration, Trapping, and Emitting Strategy for High-Loading Single Atomic Cd Sites for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit great potential in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the achievement of obtaining high-loading SACs remains a bottleneck. Herein, we first demonstrate a unique gas-migration, trapping, and emitting strategy for building a kind of Cd-based SAC for CO2 reduction (CO2RR). The gas-migration and trapping processes (≤750 °C) endows the material with an ultrahigh Cd loading amount of 30.3 wt %, while the emitting process can facilely modulate the loading amount from 30.3 to 1.4 wt %. For the CO2RR, the Cd-NC SACs with a loading amount of 18.4 wt % exhibits the maximum Faraday efficiency of 91.4% for CO at -0.728 V. The operando infrared spectroscopy studies prove the presence of main intermediates *COO-, *COOH, and *CO on Cd-NC-5M SACs during the catalytic process, indicating that the CO2RR follows the proton-decoupled electron-transfer mechanism. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the Cd-N4 structure reduces the Gibbs free energy of the rate-determining step (the hydrogenation step of *COOH). | 233998301 |
4,507,601 | Phase transitions in pancreatic islet cellular networks and implications for type-1 diabetes. In many aspects the onset of a chronic disease resembles a phase transition in a complex dynamic system: Quantitative changes accumulate largely unnoticed until a critical threshold is reached, which causes abrupt qualitative changes of the system. In this study we examine a special case, the onset of type-1 diabetes (T1D), a disease that results from loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells. Within each islet, the β cells are electrically coupled to each other via gap-junctional channels. This intercellular coupling enables the β cells to synchronize their insulin release, thereby generating the multiscale temporal rhythms in blood insulin that are critical to maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Using percolation theory we show how normal islet function is intrinsically linked to network connectivity. In particular, the critical amount of β-cell death at which the islet cellular network loses site percolation is consistent with laboratory and clinical observations of the threshold loss of β cells that causes islet functional failure. In addition, numerical simulations confirm that the islet cellular network needs to be percolated for β cells to synchronize. Furthermore, the interplay between site percolation and bond strength predicts the existence of a transient phase of islet functional recovery after onset of T1D and introduction of treatment, potentially explaining the honeymoon phenomenon. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the onset of T1D may be the result of a phase transition of the islet β-cell network. | 21443101 |
4,507,602 | Expanding Analytic Autoethnography and Enhancing Its Potential Iam grateful that Leon Anderson has begun this conversation to advance autoethnography as a viable method in analytical research. But especially at this very early stage in the use of such methods, while their potential is for the most part unknown, important aspects of his definition of analytic autoethnography (AA) unnecessarily constrain our use of the term in ways that may lead us to underestimate its potentials and underappreciate its strengths. What Anderson discusses as AA is one way to employ self-study; specifically, it is a way to conduct traditional ethnography with significantly enhanced researcher visibility and reflexivity and a strong member role. I have no problem with the research strategy he suggests—I find great value in traditional ethnography and the version of it he proposes—but I believe we can more usefully establish what AA is and can be. There are many ways analysis via self-study may be accomplished, and the term analytic autoethnography should be applicable to all such possibilities. Joining Anderson in his optimism and effort to better specify AA, I suggest an understanding of it that is less restricted, more flexible and inclusive, and more able to enhance our abilities to learn and teach about human life in new ways. Perhaps a manifestation of his specification of analytic autoethnography as a subtype of traditional sociological ethnography (albeit with a twist), Anderson discusses AA exclusively in the context of studying groups or social worlds. My own past experience as a false-identity enactor for two years constitutes the | 145302501 |
4,507,603 | primary empirical context of my PhD dissertation (along with another, unrelated, former impostor’s experiences). However, this research is not about impostors or any particular group or social world; it is about discovering and better modeling how identities and interpretations of their authenticity are accomplished, both when authenticity of identity is problematic and when it is “normatively” accomplished. Made unusually observable in the unique empirical contexts of my naturally occurring life and in my access to data not obtainable via other methods, the abstracted conceptual and theoretical formulations I am able to offer as a Journal of Contemporary Ethnography Volume 35 Number 4 August 2006 405-409 © 2006 Sage Publications 10.1177/0891241606286977 http://jce.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com | 145302501 |
4,507,604 | Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina. Hemolymph chemistries may be useful nonlethal measures of bivalve health. The prognostic value of hemolymph, however, depends on a comparison of chemistry results to reference ranges from healthy individuals. Currently, knowledge of expected hemolymph values in healthy and unhealthy freshwater mussels is extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of reference ranges for clinical evaluation of hemolymph from a freshwater mussel species common to southeastern USA. We collected hemolymph from 380 Elliptio complanata from 19 apparently healthy populations from northwest of Raleigh, North Carolina, during May through July 2001. We present reference ranges for hemolymph parameters ammonia, glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bicarbonate, protein and cell count, and for tissue glycogen. We compare the subpopulations of mussels from regions with an agricultural riparian buffer to those surrounded predominantly by forested lands. We further present correlations noted between hemolymph chemistries and physical or physiologic parameters. The only statistically significant differences between populations contiguous to agricultural and forested lands were in hemolymph calcium and glucose concentrations. Other statistically significant correlations identified were between gravidity and hemolymph protein concentration and tissue glycogen content, as well as between gravidity and parasite burden, and between shell length and hemolymph glucose, AST, calcium and bicarbonate concentrations. The results of this study will aid the interpretation of health measures from populations of E. complanata of similar geographic and seasonal origin. | 25769201 |
4,507,605 | Death caused by a constricting snake--an infant death. A 21-month-old male was found dead in his crib. An escaped pet python snake (Python reticulatus) was found near the child on a cribside shelf. Autopsy findings included petechiae associated with asphyxial death plus puncture wounds consistent with the reptile's teeth. This report details this 1982 death of a child in Reno, Nevada, and includes illustration of the reptile's bite marks plus description of snake jaw mechanics in swallowing. | 28820851 |
4,507,606 | Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of an n-Phase Composite Body Reinforced with Inclined Inclusions An analysis for the distribution of stresses and strains in an n-phase composite body reinforced with different, discontinuous and inclined inclusions is presented. From this analysis the expressions for the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for a composite reinforced with inclined inclusions are obtained. The mixture is assumed to be homogeneous on a macroscopic scale but not necessarily isotropic. However, the phases themselves are assumed to be isotropic and homogeneous. The expressions for Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio derived here include as special cases the corresponding expressions for the problem in which the inclusions are in longitudinal direction studied earlier in the literature. | 138741451 |
4,507,607 | A new VLSI memory cell using capacitance coupling (CC cell) A new VLSI memory cell is proposed, which offers a small cell area, about 6F2(F is the feature size), readout signal gain, and high alpha-particle immunity. Since it employs capacitance coupling in a write operation, it requires only one bit line and is called a capacitance coupling (CC) cell. A CC cell consists of three transistors and a capacitor, which are integrated in a small area by sharing their nodes with one another. The charge is stored in a high-concentration p-type diffused layer (p+-layer) in a shallow n-type diffused layer (n-layer). The p+-layer potential controls the readout current which flows through the n-layer. To obtain both the p+-Iayer isolation and the large readout signal, trench isolation was employed. Experimental test devices having 0.7-µm deep n-layer, 0.2-µm deep p+-layer, and 1.5-µm deep trench isolation region were fabricated. They showed complete CC cell operation and "0"/"1" readout current ratio of more than 10. | 10313201 |
4,507,608 | Relation of effective arterial elastance to arterial system properties. Effective arterial elastance (E(a)), defined as the ratio of left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure and stroke volume, lumps the steady and pulsatile components of the arterial load in a concise way. Combined with E(max), the slope of the LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation, E(a)/E(max) has been used to assess heart-arterial coupling. A mathematical heart-arterial interaction model was used to study the effects of changes in peripheral resistance (R; 0.6-1.8 mmHg x ml(-1) x s) and total arterial compliance (C; 0.5-2.0 ml/mmHg) covering the human pathophysiological range. E(a), E(a)/E(max,) LV stroke work, and hydraulic power were calculated for all conditions. Multiple-linear regression analysis revealed a linear relation between E(a), R/T (where T is cycle length), and 1/C: E(a) = -0.13 + 1.02R/T + 0.31/C, indicating that R/T contributes about three times more to E(a) than arterial stiffness (1/C). It is demonstrated that different pathophysiological combinations of R and C may lead to the same E(a) and E(a)/E(max) but can result in differences of 10% in stroke work and 50% in maximal power. | 6166561 |
4,507,609 | Analysis of load sharing on uncovertebral and facet joints at the C5-6 level with implantation of the Bryan, Prestige LP, or ProDisc-C cervical disc prosthesis: an in vivo image-based finite element study. OBJECT The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare load sharing of the facet and uncovertebral joints after total cervical disc arthroplasty using 3 different implant designs. METHODS Three-dimensional voxel finite element models were built for the C5-6 spine unit based on CT images acquired from a candidate patient for cervical disc arthroplasty. Models of facet and uncovertebral joints were added and artificial discs were placed in the intervertebral disc space. Finite element analyses were conducted under normal physiological loads for flexion, extension, and lateral bending to evaluate von Mises stresses and strain energy density (SED) levels at the joints. RESULTS The Bryan disc imposed the greatest average stress and SED levels at facet and uncovertebral joints with flexion-extension and lateral bending, while the ProDisc-C and Prestige LP discs transferred less load due to their rigid cores. However, all artificial discs showed increased loads at the joints in lateral bending, which may be attributed to direct impinging contact force. CONCLUSIONS In unconstrained/semiconstrained prostheses with different core rigidity, the shared loads at the joints differ, and greater flexibility may result in greater joint loads. With respect to the 3 artificial discs studied, load sharing of the Bryan disc was highest and was closest to normal load sharing with the facet and uncovertebral joints. The Prestige LP and ProDisc-C carried more load through their | 25536711 |
4,507,610 | rigid core, resulting in decreased load transmission to the facet and uncovertebral joints. | 25536711 |
4,507,611 | Army Workshop on Exploring Enterprise , System of Systems , System , and Software Architectures ix 1 A Workshop on Architecture Genres for the U.S. Army 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Workshop Purpose 1 1.3 Workshop Participants 1 1.4 About This Workshop 2 1.5 Organization of This Report 4 2 Presentation Summaries 5 2.1 Enterprise Architecture―Carol Wortman, U.S. Army CIO/G-6 5 2.2 System of Systems Architecture―Judith Dahmann, Senior Principal Systems Engineer, Center for Acquisition and Systems Analysis, MITRE Corporation 7 2.3 System Architecture―Mark Maier, System Architect/Engineer, The Aerospace Corporation 13 2.4 Software Architecture―Mark Klein, Head, SEI Software Architecture Technology Initiative 17 2.5 Summary of DoDAF Presentations 19 3 Working Group Summaries 27 3.1 Overview 27 3.2 Enterprise Architecture Working Group 27 3.3 SoS Architecture Working Group 31 3.4 System Architecture Working Group 38 3.5 Software Architecture Working Group 44 4 Synthesis of Workshop Findings 51 4.1 What are the Major Activities Involved in Each Genre? 51 4.2 What is the Boundary between the Genres? 52 4.3 What Do Architectures in each Genre Need to Consider in Order to be Considered Successful? 54 4.4 How Do We document an Architecture in Each Genre? 54 4.5 How Can the DoDAF be Used 55 5 Conclusions and Future Work 57 Appendix Acronyms and Abbreviations 59 | 6217061 |
4,507,612 | Blind and Robust Watermarking for Self-Authentication of Images Using Integer Wavelet Transform Abstract— A robust watermarking scheme is proposed for self-authentication of images based on second-generation wavelets (lifting- based integer wavelet transforms). Procedures that can recover the hidden mark without the use of the original unmarked data are defined as blind decoding. The process of watermarking is carried out by comparing the adjacent coefficients in the LL1 band. The scheme has the capability of providing both robustness and self-authentication of the watermarked images. The watermarking scheme gives peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) in excess of 45dB due to the use of integer-to-integer transform. The experimental results show that the watermark embedded with the proposed algorithm is robust and self-authenticated under different attacks such as compression, filtering and rotation. | 5955961 |
4,507,613 | Constraint Programmin and GRASP Approaches to Schedule Oil Well Drillings In the process of drilling oil wells, it is necessary to schedule resources, such as oil derricks and boats, in order to execute development activities that prepare promissing wells for oil extraction. The scheduling of such activities must satisfy a variety of constraints and must attain some objective criteria, such as maximizing oil production. In this paper, we discuss a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) algorithm for the scheduling of oil well drilling activities. We describe in detail our GRASP implementation and compare the results obtained with results derived from a well accepted constraint programming implementation. Computational experience on real instances of the problem indicates that the GRASP implementation is competitive, outperforming the contraint programming implementation. Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, SP | 15729361 |
4,507,614 | Risk factors associated with lymphoedema among Chinese women after breast cancer surgery Abstract Lymphoedema is recognized as a major sequela after breast cancer treatment. This study aims to estimate the risk factors of lymphoedema development after breast cancer treatment in Chinese women. A case-control study including 100 women with lymphoedema and 130 without lymphoedema, matched on the type of surgery. Lymphoedema was defined as breast cancer patients who complained of sensations such as swelling or heaviness. The logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between lymphoedema and various factors. Findings from this study show that age, overweight or obesity and radiotherapy were associated with lymphoedema development. Oncologists and nurses should provide adequate information for breast cancer survivors, especially for those who are at high-risk of developing lymphoedema. | 39865711 |
4,507,615 | Minilaparotomy: an integrated procedure for rapid diagnosis in postcholecystectomy biliary tract symptoms. Introduction A small but significant number of patients with postcholecystectomy biliary tract symptoms present problems in diagnosis and management. When the liver fails to excrete contrast material a transhepatic cholangiography is indicated to outline the biliary tree, but because of its complications percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is not widely accepted. A direct diagnostic approach to unexplained jaundice, integrating open transhepatic cholangiography, liver biopsy, and omentoportography, has given encouraging results'. We have used this procedure'minilaparotomy'-in the investigation of 8 patients with postcholecystectomy biliary tract symptoms. We submit an account of our experience, illustrated by 3 cases. | 13116011 |
4,507,616 | Who Bears Firm-Level Risk? Implications for Cash Flow Volatility Public firms in the United States that provide better insurance against productivity shocks to their workers experience higher cash flow volatility. Difference in intra-firm risk sharing between workers and capital owners accounts for more than 50\% of the variation in firm-level cash flow volatility. I develop a theory in which wages can act either as a hedge or as leverage, depending on the history of the productivity shocks the firm has faced. Heterogeneous roles of workers in the firm are derived by analyzing the dynamic equilibrium wage contracts between risk-neutral owners and risk-averse workers who can leave with a fraction of the accumulated human capital. Owners of the firm will optimally bear more risk when the current value of the firm's human capital is lower than the peak value it has reached. The model successfully explains the joint distribution of cash flow volatility and the wage-output sensitivity. Also, the model produces predictions for the dynamics of cash flow volatility that are consistent with the time series properties of the firm-level data. | 3500671 |
4,507,617 | [Study on conditions of seed germination of Cistanche]. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of fluridone concentration, stimulating period, temperature and salt on the seed germination of three species of Cistanche. METHOD The seeds were cultured in Petri dish, and the germination percentage was counted. RESULT The highest germination percentage was observed in Cistanche tubulosa, C. deserticola, C. sala seeds pre-treated by 0.1 mg x L(-1) fluridone for 24-29 h. The optimal temperature for the seeds germination of three species of Cistanche was at 20-30 degrees C, and the seeds did not germinate at sub-or supraoptimal temperatures (5 and 35 degrees C). The salt tolerance of C. sala seeds was strong, and the critical value of NaCl concentration was 0.04 mol x L(-1). By contrast, C. tubulosa and C. deserticola seeds were more sensitive to the salt stress, the critical value of NaCl concentration was 0.02 mol x L(-1). CONCLUSION The optimal germination condition and the method of testing germination percentage of three species of Cistanche seeds are as follow: the seeds are pre-treated by 0.1 mg x L(-1) fluridone for 24 h and then cultured at 20-30 degrees C in salt solution which concentration is lower than 0.02 mol x L(-1). | 10880371 |
4,507,618 | Analysis of Genitourinary Anomalies in Patients with Fanconi Aplastic Anemia Objective: Fanconi aplastic anemia (FAA) is a rare genetic disease that causes bone marrow failure. It is the most common bone marrow failure syndrome among the hereditary bone marrow failure syndromes. Genitourinary system anomalies occur in about one third of patients with FAA. Renal malformations that can lead to end stage chronic kidney disease can be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients and requires detailed review. Material and Methods: In order to evaluate genitourinary system malformations in FAA patients, eleven FAA patients who were diagnosed with bone marrow aspiration and mutation analysis, accompanied by genitourinary system anomalies, and followed at Cukurova University Department of Pediatric Hematology were retrospectively analyzed, The presence of genitourinary system anomalies were detected by renal ultrasonography, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy and voiding cystourethrogram. Results: Five of the eleven patients with FAA were girls (45.5%) and six of them were boys (54.5%). Seven patients (63.6%) had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and one patient (9%) had unilateral VUR. Four patients (36.4%) had unilateral renal agenesis and two patients (18.2%) had an ectopic kidney. Three patients (27.2%) had neurogenic bladder requiring clean intermittent catheterization. One of the patients had a penile deformity and urethral stricture. | 57196871 |
4,507,619 | A quick tools strategy for program analysis and software maintenance A strategy for quickly producing special-purpose tools is described. The strategy combines existing tools including simple off-the-shelf text processing tools; rule-based, language-specific analysis tool; and a commercial CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tool. The strategy has been successfully used in the context of the maintenance and reverse engineering of a large, real-time software system used for telephony. The approach is illustrated by examples that include the generation of cross reference information, calling trees, run-time stack analysis, and code restructuring.<<ETX>> | 17439821 |
4,507,620 | Mesenchymal Hamartoma Liver Showing Malignant Transformation to Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma- A Case Report Mesenchymal hamartoma of liver is the third most common hepatic tumor in pediatric age group. Typically, it presents as a large multicystic mass in children. Gradually they get increases in size and some can undergo incomplete spontaneous regression and very rarely, few have shown malignant transformation to undifferentiated(embryonal) sarcoma. Here, we report a 6 year old female child with no relevant personal and family history, who presented with abdominal distension and vomiting. Radiology revealed a multiloculated large cystic lesion in the right lobe of liver with a possibility of hemangioendothelioma on ultrasonography and CT abdomen was suggestive of mesenchymal hamartoma of liver. Following worsening of symptoms, partial excision and marsupialisation of the cyst was performed. Histologically, it was diagnosed as mesenchynal hamartoma with undifferentiated embryonal sarcomatous component and immunohistochemical confirmation done. | 248642421 |
4,507,621 | Transport Energy and Emissions: Urban Public Transport This chapter explores how to measure energy and emissions from urban transport. It then provides information to make a comparison between energy use and CO2 emissions for urban travel by car, train, tram and bus. A substantial difference is noted between the figures for peak and off-peak travel, associated with patterns of vehicle loadings. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how energy efficiency can be improved and the need to shift from a vehicle to a systems level to fully evaluate policy options. | 109554121 |
4,507,622 | Serum uric acid, predicts heart failure in a large Italian cohort: search for a cut-off value the URic acid Right for heArt Health study Objective: To assess the prognostic cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) in predicting fatal and morbid heart failure in a large Italian cohort in the frame of the Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension. Methods: The URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study is a nationwide, multicentre, cohort study involving data on individuals aged 18–95 years, recruited on a community basis from all regions of Italy under the patronage of the Italian Society of Hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 128 ± 65 months. Incident heart failure was defined on the basis of International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision codes and double-checked with general practitioners and hospital files. Multivariate Cox regression models having fatal and morbid heart failure as dependent variables, adjusted for sex, age, SBP, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking habit, ethanol intake, BMI, haematocrit, LDL cholesterol, previous diagnosis of heart failure and use of diuretics as possible confounders, were used to search for an association between SUA as a continuous variable and heart failure. By means of receiver operating characteristic curves, two prognostic cut-off values (one for all heart failure and one for fatal heart failure) were identified as able to discriminate between individuals doomed to develop the event. These cut-off values were used as independent predictors to divide individuals according to prognostic cut-off values in a multivariate | 220700971 |
4,507,623 | Cox models, adjusted for confounders. Results: A total of 21 386 individuals were included in the analysis. In Cox analyses, SUA as a continuous variable was a significant predictor of all [hazard ratio 1.29 (1.23–1.359), P < 0.0001] and fatal [hazard ratio 1.268 (1.121–1.35), P < 0.0001] incident heart failure. Cut-off values of SUA able to discriminate all and fatal heart failure status were identified by mean of receiver operating characteristic curves in the whole database: SUA more than 5.34 mg/dl (confidence interval 4.37–5.6, sensitivity 52.32, specificity 63.96, P < 0.0001) was the univariate prognostic cut-off value for all heart failure, whereas SUA more than 4.89 mg/dl (confidence interval 4.78–5.78, sensitivity 68.29, specificity 49.11, P < 0.0001) for fatal heart failure. The cut-off for all heart failure and the cut-off value for fatal heart failure were accepted as independent predictors in the Cox analysis models, the hazard ratios being 1.645 (1.284–2.109, P < 0.0001) for all heart failure and 1.645 (1.284–2.109, P < 0.0001) for fatal heart failure, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study confirm that SUA is an independent risk factor for all heart failure and fatal heart failure, after adjusting for potential confounding variables and demonstrate that a prognostic cut-off value can be identified for all heart failure (>5.34 mg/dl) and for fatal heart failure (>4.89 mg/dl). | 220700971 |
4,507,624 | Book Review: Benjamin Lincoln and the American Revolution reality, he argues, Britain's conduct in major wars has been dictated not so much by theory but by 'pragmatism and expedience'. Further, much of Liddell Hart's thinking in the interwar years and by his critics since has been dominated by Britain's strategic planning in the event of a European war; in reality, Britain has fought continental forces in 'only thirty-five of the last 200 years since 1792'. Overwhelmingly, the British army's experience during this period has been colonial and not European. The first standing army was created in 1689. Some 300 years later there is some considerable debate as to its future size and role. Michael Yardley in his chapter, 'Towards the Future', is sceptical in his view that in the near future financial and demographic constraints may mean that the British army will consist of a core of relatively few elite regiments such as the Parachute Regiment, Royal Marines and the special forces supported by a part-time army. A glance through the recruitment pages of any newspaper, local or national, will reveal the extent of the army's manpower problems '5000' jobs available in the British army is now a common entry, while the escalating costs of ever more sophisticated weapons systems, which have traditionally been employed by the British army to counteract numerical inferiority vzs-d-ds potential rivals, have now reached prohibitive levels. The task of making a convincing case for the maintenance of a substantial standing army equipped with such weapons when no particular rival is at | 161797021 |
4,507,625 | hand to justify it may well result in the emergence of Michael Yardley's 'nonprofessional citizen soldier'. | 161797021 |
4,507,626 | MR imaging of lumbar spondylolysis: the importance of ancillary observations. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of characteristic ancillary MR findings in patients with lumbar spondylolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The radiology reports and clinical records of 64 patients (16 female, 48 male; 12-77 years old) with 66 levels of lumbar spondylolysis who had undergone MR imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Spondylolysis was established by conventional radiography in all 64 patients and by CT in 18 patients. The proportion of patients with spondylolysis in whom sagittal MR images showed ancillary findings of an increased sagittal diameter of the spinal canal, reactive marrow changes in the pedicle, or abnormal wedging of the posterior aspect of the vertebral body was retrospectively determined. This proportion was then compared with the proportion of patients in whom spondylolysis was correctly diagnosed by the initial interpreters of the MR images, who used only direct visualization of defects of the pars interarticularis to make the diagnosis. RESULTS Twenty (30%) of 66 levels of lumbar spondylolysis were misdiagnosed when the MR images were initially interpreted using direct visualization of defects of the pars interarticularis. An increased sagittal diameter of the spinal canal was the most common ancillary observation, occurring at 60 of 66 levels of lumbar spondylolysis. This finding was present in all patients with grade II, III, or IV spondylolisthesis, in 95% of patients with grade I spondylolisthesis; and in 77% of patients with no anterolisthesis. Thirty-two (48%) of 66 lumbar levels showed wedging of the posterior aspect of the | 45565821 |
4,507,627 | vertebral body, which correlated significantly with the grade of spondylolisthesis. Reactive marrow changes in the pedicle distinct from normal adjacent levels were seen on MR images in 24(36%) of 66 levels of lumbar spondylolysis. On MR images, 97% of all levels of lumbar spondylolysis yielded one or more ancillary observations, including all 20 of the cases originally misdiagnosed. CONCLUSION The combined use of ancillary observations and direct visualization of pars interarticularis defects makes MR imaging effective in revealing lumbar spondylolysis. | 45565821 |
4,507,628 | Comments on Ellis's Integrative Strategy Instruction Model E dwin Ellis presents an ambitious conceptual model for cognitive strategy instruction for students with disabilities. Although the full model is presented in fairly abstract terms, some parts are operationalized through scenarios. My overall reaction to Ellis's initial model development is positive. As a university trainer of special education teachers, I welcome relief from the "bag of tricks' approach to cognitive strategies, typified by a superfluity of isolated strategies and acronyms (e.g., FLASH, FORM, PREP, PARTS, SNIPS, LINC, LINCS, CROWN, WISE, DEFENDS, SEARCH, etc.). Our practica and intern teachers report that both they and their students with disabilities are confused by the plethora of strategies and acronyms. Reasons for confusion include the lack of standardization among techniques, lack of consistent use and support by most teachers, and difficulty in finding suitable applications for the narrower strategies. A promise of relief through a more ''integrated' ' approach is attractive. Ellis reports that the ISI model was constructed to address several problems: (a) the lack of transfer of strategies across settings, (b) rote teaching of learning strategies as overt techniques, (c) instructional methods that do not lead students to independent strategy use, (d) the lack of coordination between special and regular settings in strategy use, (e) treating strategies as a fragmented "bag of tricks," (f) the failure to link cognitive strategies to the content curriculum, and (g) the focus on declarative and procedural knowledge in subject area instruction. Most of us in touch with typical school programs for students with learning | 37978671 |
4,507,629 | disabilities will have little argument with the foregoing litany of ills. However, the instructional and curriculum context of these problems is broad and complex, demanding much from a potential solution. The solution proposed by Ellis is also broad and complex—so much so that it invites a hard look at its feasibility, despite its avowed intent to integrate. Ellis has presented no data yet from teachers following the ISI model on the feasibility of implementation or student accomplishments. Comments and critique, therefore, will be based on personal experience, logical analysis, and the published literature. My comments on the ISI model will deal with three concerns: operational feasibility, internal consistency, and assessment/evaluation. First, I will comment on the feasibility of the model in the public school context. I will raise questions about the completeness of the model in considering elements of the classroom ecology that strongly influence instruction. Practical and political constraints of schooling today will also be raised. Second, I will comment on the model's internal integrity or consistency—whether its components are mutually supportive. The third area of critique will be assessment of student progress, along with evalua- | 37978671 |
4,507,630 | In situ observation of nanograin rotation and deformation in nacre. Nacre is a natural nanocomposite material with superior mechanical strength and toughness. What roles do the nanoscale structures play in the inelasticity and toughening of nacre? Can we learn from this to produce nacre-like nanocomposites? Here we report in situ dynamic atomic force microscope observations of nacre with aragonite nanograins (nanoparticles) of an average grain size of 32 nm, which show that nanograin rotation and deformation are the two prominent mechanisms contributing to energy dissipation in nacre. The biopolymer spacing between the nanograins facilitates the grain rotation process. The aragonite nanograins in nacre are not brittle but deformable. | 35046621 |
4,507,631 | TCP congestion signatures We develop and validate Internet path measurement techniques to distinguish congestion experienced when a flow self-induces congestion in the path from when a flow is affected by an already congested path. One application of this technique is for speed tests, when the user is affected by congestion either in the last mile or in an interconnect link. This difference is important because in the latter case, the user is constrained by their service plan (i.e., what they are paying for), and in the former case, they are constrained by forces outside of their control. We exploit TCP congestion control dynamics to distinguish these cases for Internet paths that are predominantly TCP traffic. In TCP terms, we re-articulate the question: was a TCP flow bottlenecked by an already congested (possibly interconnect) link, or did it induce congestion in an otherwise idle (possibly a last-mile) link? TCP congestion control affects the round-trip time (RTT) of packets within the flow (i.e., the flow RTT): an endpoint sends packets at higher throughput, increasing the occupancy of the bottleneck buffer, thereby increasing the RTT of packets in the flow. We show that two simple, statistical metrics derived from the flow RTT during the slow start period---its coefficient of variation, and the normalized difference between the maximum and minimum RTT---can robustly identify which type of congestion the flow encounters. We use extensive controlled experiments to demonstrate that our technique works with up to 90% accuracy. We also evaluate our techniques using two unique real-world datasets of TCP throughput measurements | 8443921 |
4,507,632 | using Measurement Lab data and the Ark platform. We find up to 99% accuracy in detecting self-induced congestion, and up to 85% accuracy in detecting external congestion. Our results can benefit regulators of interconnection markets, content providers trying to improve customer service, and users trying to understand whether poor performance is something they can fix by upgrading their service tier. | 8443921 |
4,507,633 | Polymetallic Cobalt and Manganese Cages with Phosphinate and Phosphonate Ligands. Addition of a coligand in reactions of phosphonates with salts of late 3d metals can lead to more soluble and tractable materials, such as the {Co13 } cage shown (Co: green; P: purple). The structure contains two central PhPO32- ligands, surrounded by a hexanuclear cobalt helix, capped by seven further cobalt sites. | 14049021 |
4,507,634 | Study on Performance of the Rotor Dynamic Classifier According to coal-fired power stations with lime limestone flue gas desulfurization of property, developed the rotor dynamic classifier, and use classification performance test model system, the influence of different operating parameters on the classified performance of the rotor dynamic classifier is studied. Analyze "the fish-hook effect" in on the partial classification efficiency. The results showed that limestone is better graded using this classifier. Serving the application of lime stone powder system provides theoretical basis | 41629571 |
4,507,635 | Clinical anatomy of the canine brain using magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this study was to produce an magnetic resonsnce (MR) image atlas of clinically relevant brain anatomy and to relate this neuroanatomy to clinical signs. The brain of a large mixed breed dog was imaged in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes using a 1.5 T MR unit and the following pulse sequences: Turbo (fast) spin echo (TSE) T2, T1, and T2- weighted spatial and chemical shift-encoded excitation sequence. Relevant neuroanatomic structures were identified using anatomic texts, sectioned cadaver heads, and previously published atlases. Major subdivisions of the brain were mapped and the neurologic signs of lesions in these divisions were described. TSE T2-weighted images were found to be the most useful for identifying clinically relevant neuroanatomy. Relating clinical signs to morphology as seen on MR will assist veterinarians to better understand clinically relevant neuroanatomy in MR images. | 30723671 |
4,507,636 | Seán Lemass and the Ulster Question, 1959–65 For most of the first forty years of their existence, the two Irish states, born from the partition settlement of 1921, luxuriated in the celebration of their distinctive communal identities. Political leaders on both sides of the border exchanged increasingly hackneyed expressions of Irish nationalist aspiration to abolish the 'British-imposed' partition of the island and Ulster unionist reiteration of their determination to defend their British national identity from the nationalist challenge. In contrast, the period 1959-65 has been seen by some influential commentators as one in which the philosophies and political priorities of both states in Ireland were transformed. The rose-tinted terms in which the period has come to be seen are clear from the following description taken from Conor Cruise O'Brien's recently-published Ancestral Voices. O'Brien argues that this was a time when 'Irish politics seemed to be moving in a quite different direction: a time in which political leaders in the Republic seriously sought accommodation with unionist leaders, and were prepared, and equipped to resist the Catholic-nationalist territorial drive.'1 The two figures at the centre of this potentially historic shift were Sean Lemass, who had succeeded De Valera as leader of Fianna Fail and Taoiseach in 1959, and Terence O'Neill, who replaced Lord Brookeborough as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1963. Like many commentators, O'Brien depicts both Lemass and O'Neill as modernisers. He describes O'Neill as having 'tried to fight the powerful sectarian element in Ulster Unionism, and to end discrimination against Catholics'.2 Sean Lemass is portrayed | 153824721 |
4,507,637 | as having tried to meet O'Neill half way by attempts to 'normalize' relations between nationalists and unionists on the island of Ireland. The high point of detente came in 1965 when Lemass went to Belfast to meet O'Neill, an occasion summed up by O'Brien as 'the first meeting of the leaders of the two communities on the island, since the foundation of the two political entities within it in 1920-21'. He argues that: 'Basically the understanding between them was that Northern Ireland would begin to end discrimination against Catholics, and that the Republic would cease to challenge the legitimacy of Northern Ireland.'3 | 153824721 |
4,507,638 | Line-defect orientation- and length-dependent strength and toughness inhBN Applying classical molecular dynamics simulations, we report the effects of length ( λ) and orientation ( θ) of a line-defect on strength and toughness in defective 2D hexagonal boron nitride. Results reveal the existence of a “transition angle,” θ t = 2.47 °, at which both toughness and strength are insensitive to the finite length of the defect in an infinite domain. For θ θ t, they show the opposite behavior. Examination of the stress-fields shows that θ-dependent variation in stress-localization at the edges of the line-defect and symmetry-breaking of the stress-fields with respect to the defect-axis govern the disparate θ-dependent behavior. For θ θ t, the stress-intensity at the edges is strongly localized at the opposite sides of the line-defect. The stress-intensity increases asymptotically with the increasing defect-length and reduces the strength and toughness of the defective lattice. The stress-localization, however, saturates at a “saturation angle” of around 60 ° for strength and 30 ° for toughness. Additionally, there exists a critical defect-length λ c = 60 A, below which there is a strong θ-dependent variation in elastic interactions between the edges, affecting strength and toughness substantially. For λ > λ c, the elastic interactions saturate and make both strength and toughness insensitive to the change in the length of the defect. | 234177721 |
4,507,639 | The state of nursing. I N APRIL of each year, in the midst of National Conference, the Representative Assembly (RA) of ASPAN takes a pause to assess the organization's accomplishments over the last year. This assessment occurs in the form of the State of the Society Report, which is essentially ASPAN's "State of the Union." This report is a wonderful opportunity to look at what the organization has accomplished, both from a financial standpoint as well as from a mission perspective. While the State of the Society Report has already been highlighted in Breathline, ~ and more information will be available from your component representatives to the RA, I would like to take a look at the state of our p ro fess ion . . , the state of nursing. If you have been reading your daily paper or listening to the news reports, you know that the state of health care in general is in a very precarious spot. Costs continue to escalate while quality and general satisfaction continues to decrease. Health care providers as a whole, including nurses and physicians, are expressing dissatisfaction with their professions and the way in which patient care is now often dictated by reimbursement and cost issues, instead of the true needs of the patient. Patients are concerned not only about escalating costs, but about the quality, accuracy, and appropriateness of the care that they will receive. Negativity about the health care system and health care | 4575071 |
4,507,640 | Bootstrap approach for constructing confidence intervals for population pharmacokinetic parameters. II: A bootstrap modification of standard two-stage (STS) method for phase I trial. For population pharmacokinetics in phase I trials, the standard two-stage (STS) method is quite appealing, especially to non-statisticians, because the method is theoretically and computationally simple. The method, however, does not take into account the uncertainty in estimating individual-specific parameters and gives biased estimates for population variances of pharmacokinetic parameters. This is one of the main reasons why the STS method is not generally recommended. This paper proposes a simple bootstrap modification of the STS method for estimating confidence intervals of population means and standard deviations of pharmacokinetic parameters in phase I trials. The proposed approach adopts a bootstrap bias correction in estimating population variances of pharmacokinetic parameters. Applications are given to a simulated data set and an actual phase I trial to show how the proposed approach works in practice. | 24971421 |
4,507,641 | Control Architecture for Autonomous Multi-Robot System: Survey and Analysis The basic consideration of autonomous multi-robot system (MRS) control architecture is dealing with the whole system as a group, in which the individual robots interact with each other, avoid conflict, and cooperate to accomplish the tasks reliably and efficiently in complex environment. This paper systematically surveys and summarizes related studies on control architectures for multi-robot systems from definition and evolutions to theories and technologies corresponded to research field. Some representational demonstrations and instances are analyzed. Finally the future directions of autonomous MRS architecture are overlooked in the end. | 16442671 |
4,507,642 | METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF TOURIST EVENTS Introduction. For the effective development of the regions it is necessary to create attractive events. It is outlined that the development of this type of recreation, first of all, makes it possible to synchronize the tourist flow during the year. This approach allows you to expand the audience of visitors continuously, as well as not to lose the existing one. No less important is the study of the process of determining the effectiveness of events that combine recreation and entertainment at the same time. The purpose of this article is an analytical study of existing methods and justification of the methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of events. Results. Information to determine the effectiveness of the measure is usually collected in two ways. The first one – the simple research during the event or immediately after it; the second one is the more complex but much larger research on preferences, loyalty, and awareness that is conducted much less frequently. The article presents an analysis of known methodological developments to determine the effectiveness of their implementation, and formed a generalized methodology for determining the effectiveness of event measures. The economic effect of performance evaluation is the desired development of consumer demand and it is determined by such parameters as increased sales and profitability after the event. The communicative effect of the assessment is to study the factors influencing the effectiveness of the event. Conclusions. The analysis of the profitability of the event is carried out by analyzing the | 253657621 |
4,507,643 | change in indicators from the implementation of the event, in particular the resulting indicators (profit and profitability). According to the results of the study, we can say that the existing methods do not allow determining the effectiveness of events by an unambiguous and clear formula, an important factor that should be taken into account is that the effectiveness of the event is primarily determined by its purpose. Key words: event measures, efficiency, calculation methods, tourism, events. | 253657621 |
4,507,644 | Comparison of cell-mediated immunity induced by three commercial single-dose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins in pigs. This study was to compare the degree of cell-mediated immunity induced by three commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins using interferon-γ (IFN-γ) measurements, lymphocyte stimulation assays and delayed-type hypersensitivity tests. Serum IFN-γ levels were significantly elevated in all four vaccinated pig groups at 21 days post-vaccination (P<0.05). Lymphocytes isolated 21 days post-vaccination exhibited significantly more proliferation in response to M. hyopneumoniae than lymphocytes isolated 0 day pre-vaccination (P<0.05). Following intradermal injection of M. hyopneumoniae antigen at 14, 21 or 28 days post-vaccination, all pigs in the four vaccinated groups displayed skin reactions characterized by circumscribed, often erythematous nodules. Taken together, these demonstrate that all three commercial single-dose M. hyopneumoniae bacterins used in this study induce varying degrees of cell-mediated immunity. | 40777471 |
4,507,645 | 7 alpha-Methylnorethindrone enanthate 10 beta-hydroperoxide: isolation and characterization. 10 beta-Hydroperoxy-7 alpha-methylnorethindrone 17-heptanoate (II), a product of allylic autoxidation of 7 alpha-methylnorethindrone enanthate (I), has been isolated and characterized. The synthesis of the hydroperoxide (II) from the 3-ethylene ketal of 7 alpha-methylnorethynodrel (III) was achieved. Esterification of alcohol (III), subsequent deketalization, and photochemical oxygenation resulted in the hydroperoxide (II). Reduction of the hydroperoxide (II) to the 10 beta-alcohol (VI) and acetylation of (II) to the 10 beta-acetoxyperoxide (VII) are described. A single subcutaneous injection of the compounds (II), (VI), and (VII) to rats failed to produce long term inhibition of fertility in contrast to the parent compound (I) which is at least five times more effective than norethindrone enanthate as measured by suppression of vaginal cornification and estrous cycles. | 1538871 |
4,507,646 | Novel biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis risk identified by reverse phase protein array based tumor profiling with consideration of plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA load In patients with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), intertumor heterogeneity causes interpatient heterogeneity in the risk of distant metastasis. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers of metastasis risk using reverse phase protein array (RPPA) profiling of NPC patients at risk for metastasis and considering plasma EBV DNA load. | 21497671 |
4,507,647 | Exploration on the Mode of "Online Teaching + Course Ideological and Political" in Biochemistry For the integrated development of online and offline education, teachers tap the ideological and political elements in biochemistry based on the software such as rain classroom, questionnaire star, blue ink cloud class and Tencent classroom and the actual situation of undergraduates, so as to organically integrate online teaching, curriculum ideological and political education and biochemistry. This paper introduces the exploration and practice of biochemistry and curriculum ideological politics from four aspects: the necessity of curriculum ideological politics, the mining of Ideological and political teaching elements of Biochemistry, the practical ways of online teaching and curriculum ideological politics, and the online evaluation of curriculum ideological politics. Combined with the author's practical experience, it provides reference for the interspersed of biochemical education and curriculum ideological politics in Colleges and universities. | 248972021 |
4,507,648 | Comparison of conductometric behavior of two hydrogel based sensing polymeric composites in the physiological pH range The pH dependent conductance of the Chitosan/Gelatin and Hydroxy-Ethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)/Gelatin hydrogel based systems was mapped out using a data acquisition system and several aspects of conductance characteristics namely accuracy, response time and sensitivity were compared and discussed. The material characteristics of these sensors were mapped out through FTIR. Specific accuracy tests were designed and conducted and both hydrogel based sensors have been found to give a reasonably predictable outcomes in the physiological pH range (4–10). Although Chitosan/Gelatin sensing systems have been explored with regards to conductivity, to the best of our knowledge, HEMA/Gelatin composite has not yet been explored in this respect. There are observable differences in the conductometric system analysis results of both hydrogels; it has been found that HEMA based hydrogels have a longer response time, but also offer a better sensitivity as compared to Chitosan based conductometric hydrogels. This difference in response may be attributed to the material based characteristics of the conductometric sensing system; the possible underlying mechanisms have also been discussed in this research. Our findings indicate that these conductometric composite hydrogels have the potential to be used in physiological applications; where varying response times are required, a hybrid sensor array comprising of both types of hydrogel sensors may be used; that can utilize the advantages of faster response time in case of Chitosan/Gelatin and better sensitivity in case of HEMA/Gelatin sensors. | 139257271 |
4,507,649 | Mental Illness and Psychiatric Treatment Among Women When mental illness is precisely defined as a functional disorder involving acute distress or disorganization (or both), women are consistently found to have higher rates of mental illness than men. This sex difference appears to be real and not an artifact of response bias, patient behavior, or clinician bias. The higher rates of mental illness among women can be linked to aspects of their societal role and particularly to aspects of the marital role. Therapists who treat women whose mental illness is in part a response to the characteristics of conventional sex roles have no treatment alternatives that are not in some way problematic. The treatment alternative chosen has, in the broadest sense, political implications for the society at large. | 146602421 |
4,507,650 | Effect of an increase in C-reactive protein level during a hemodialysis session on mortality. The prevalence of chronic inflammation is high in dialysis patients. Moreover, it is associated with an increased mortality risk, yet the origin of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a hemodialysis session (HD) on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and to study the relation with survival. As part of a large, prospective, multicenter study in the Netherlands (Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis), patients who were started on dialysis treatment between September 1997 and May 1999 were included. Demographic data, clinical data, and serum samples were collected at regularly timed intervals. From this cohort, a random sample of patients was taken. CRP levels were determined before and after an HD session and before the next session. Date of death or censoring was recorded until September 2002. A total of 186 HD patients were included. Mean age was 65 yr (SD, 13); 56% were male. A total of 71 patients had a CRP level below the detection limit (3 mg/L), 68 patients showed no increase in CRP during an HD session (no-increase group), and 47 (25%) patients showed an increase in CRP level during an HD session (increase-group). No statistically difference in mean CRP levels before the dialysis session was found between the increase group (22.3 mg/L) and the no-increase group (19.4 mg/L). In the subsequent interdialytic period, CRP levels returned to the levels of the initial CRP value. Two-year | 38668421 |
4,507,651 | survival was 44% in the increase group and 66% in the no-increase group (P = 0.09). Independent of CRP level before the session and adjusted for age, comorbidity, nutritional status, and primary kidney disease, a raise of 1 mg/L CRP during a session was associated with a 9% increased mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.16). The present study showed an increase in CRP level during a single dialysis session in 25% of the patients; during the succeeding interdialytic period, CRP level returned to its original value. More important, however, an increase in CRP level during an HD session was independently associated with a higher mortality risk. | 38668421 |
4,507,652 | Baculovirus-Induced Fast-Acting Innate Immunity Kills Liver-Stage Plasmodium Baculovirus (BV), an enveloped insect virus with a circular dsDNA genome, possesses unique characteristics that induce strong innate immune responses in mammalian cells. In this study, we show that BV administration in BALB/c mice not only provides complete protection against a subsequent Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection for up to 7 d after the injection but also eliminates existing liver-stage parasites completely. The elimination of sporozoites by BV was superior to that by primaquine, and this effect occurred in a TLR9-independent manner. At 6 h after BV administration, IFN-α and IFN-γ were robustly produced in the serum, and RNA transcripts of IFN-stimulated genes were markedly upregulated in the liver compared with control mice. The in vivo passive transfer of serum after BV administration effectively eliminated liver-stage parasites, and IFN-α neutralization abolished this effect, indicating that the BV liver-stage parasite-killing mechanism is downstream of the type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that BV-induced, fast-acting innate immunity completely kills liver-stage parasites and, thus, may lead to new malaria drug and vaccine strategies. | 52197621 |
4,507,653 | Pathway analysis for design of promiscuous drugs and selective drug mixtures. The decrease in the drug approval rate by the FDA and the recent failure of some blockbuster drugs has prompted a re-examination of the focus of the pharmaceutical industry on increasing drug selectivity. As a result, it has been proposed that the most efficient cure is in developing promiscuous drugs and selective drug mixtures. Rational design of drug mixtures has been nearly impossible due to the lack of information about in vivo cell regulation, mechanisms of pathway activation, and interactions between different pathways in vivo. We review the current state of the art for rational design of combination therapy and argue that the current industry-wide development of the infrastructure for pathway analysis provides unprecedented opportunity for the rational design of multicomponent and multifunctional drugs. We propose several ways how to use pathway analysis to rationally combine known drugs for either synergizing their efficacy or suppressing individual side effects. | 6024521 |
4,507,654 | A STATE SPACE CANONICAL FORM FOR UNIT ROOT PROCESSES In this paper we develop a canonical state space representation of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes with unit roots with integer integration orders at arbitrary unit root frequencies. The developed representation utilizes a state process with a particularly simple dynamic structure, which in turn renders this representation highly suitable for unit root, cointegration, and polynomial cointegration analysis. We also propose a new definition of polynomial cointegration that overcomes limitations of existing definitions and extends the definition of multicointegration for I(2) processes of Granger and Lee (1989a, Journal of Applied Econometrics4, 145–159). A major purpose of the canonical representation for statistical analysis is the development of parameterizations of the sets of all state space systems of a given system order with specified unit root frequencies and integration orders. This is, e.g., useful for pseudo maximum likelihood estimation. In this respect an advantage of the state space representation, compared to ARMA representations, is that it easily allows one to put in place restrictions on the (co)integration properties. The results of the paper are exemplified for the cases of largest interest in applied work. | 119497171 |
4,507,655 | Correlation of vegetation and benthic macroinvertebrate community changes in Florida pondcypress swamps following clearcutting Forested wetlands dominated by pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans (Ait) Sweet) were onee thought of as uninhabitable areas suitable only for logging or draining. Pond cypress swamps (also known as eypress domes and cypress ponds) are now known to be important eeonomieally and environmenrally as nutrient sinks, hydrologieal buffers, and wildlife habitats (MITSCH & GossELINK 1993). lnereased emphasis on the preservation of forested wetlands has resulred in studies addressing rhe effeets of anthropogenie disturbanees sueh as flooding (LuGo & BROWN 1984), drawdown (LESLIE et al. 1997), logging (e.g. NEWBOLD et al. 1980, AusT et al. 1995, LESLIE 1996), fire and nutrienr loading (EWEL 1984) on these habitats. Understanding the eeologieal sueeession of natural systems following disturbanee is key to determining how best to manage rhe systems to mainrain eeosystem strueture and funetion (LuGo 1984). | 133902421 |
4,507,656 | Differential expression of alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes in purified rat pancreatic islet A- and B-cells. In the endocrine pancreas, alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation reduces glucose-induced insulin secretion from islet B-cells. There is, however, controversy with regard to the effects of alpha 2-agonists on islet A-cell function. In this paper, we have used RNA samples prepared from whole rat islets and from FACS-purified rat A- and B-cells to study alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtype expression. RNase protection assays detected transcripts encoding alpha 2a and alpha 2b subtypes in the RNA pool of rat islets. Reverse transcription-PCR revealed that transcripts for all three alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes are present in rat islet cells in purified A-cell RNA. In contrast, RT-PCR of islet B-cell RNA yielded products corresponding to alpha 2a and alpha 2c, with no evidence for the presence of alpha 2b. Thus, the results reveal that both islet cell types express more than one receptor subtype and suggest that the distribution of the subtypes may differ between rat islet A- and B-cells. | 925321 |
4,507,657 | Moving Beyond Assumptions of Deviance: The Reconceptualization and Measurement of Workplace Gossip Despite decades of research from other academic fields arguing that gossip is an important and potentially functional behavior, organizational research has largely assumed that gossip is malicious talk. This has resulted in the proliferation of gossip items in deviance scales, effectively subsuming workplace gossip research into deviance research. In this paper, the authors argue that organizational research has traditionally considered only a very narrow subset of workplace gossip, focusing almost exclusively on extreme negative cases which are not reflective of typical workplace gossip behavior. Instead of being primarily malicious, typical workplace gossip can be either positive or negative in nature and may serve important functions. It is therefore recommended that workplace gossip be studied on its own, independent of deviance. To facilitate this, the authors reconceptualize the workplace gossip construct and then develop a series of general-purpose English- and Chinese-language workplace gossip scales. Using 8 samples (including qualitative, multisource, multiwave, and multicultural data), the authors demonstrate the construct validity, reliability, cross-cultural measurement invariance, and acceptable psychometric properties of the workplace gossip scales. Relationships are demonstrated between workplace gossip and a variety of other organizational variables and processes, including uncertainty, emotion validation, self-esteem, norm enforcement, networking, influence, organizational justice, performance, deviance, and turnover. Future directions in workplace gossip research are discussed. | 3428971 |
4,507,658 | Self‐diffusion in CNS tissue by volume‐selective proton NMR We have used a volume‐selective NMR pulse sequence to measure the diffusion coefficient (D) inside a selected cuboid volume. The sequence is a variant of the stimulated echo method for volume‐selective spectroscopy, and allows sequential measurement of D in any of three orthogonal directions and for a range of diffusion times. The echo attenuation from which D is calculated is free from the cross terms that can arise because of interactions between volume selection and diffusion‐sensitizing gradients. Anisotropic and diffusion‐time‐dependent behavior is observed in brain structures known to have axon fibers aligned primarily in one direction. | 41888821 |
4,507,659 | Reflections on the usefulness of today's atrial fibrillation ablation procedure endpoints and patient-reported outcomes. The improvement of Patient-reported outcomes, such as health-related quality of life, is the main indication for atrial fibrillation ablation. Despite this guideline derived indication for an AF ablation procedure the current standardized primary endpoint in AF ablation trials is still rhythm-related, and primarily a 30-second long AF episode. The review presents reflections on the non-rational arguments of using rhythm related endpoints rather than Patient-reported outcomes in AF ablation procedure trials despite the mismatch between many of the rhythm related variables and symptoms. Arguments for health-related quality of life as the most optimal primary endpoint in clinical trials are presented while atrial fibrillation burden is presented as the most optimal electrical complementary endpoint, apart from being the major variable in mechanistic trials. | 249396421 |
4,507,660 | Interaction of respiratory syncytial virus with human cord blood mononuclear cells. This study on the interaction between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human cord blood mononuclear cells shows that RSV replication can occur in neonatal macrophages. Although neonatal lymphocytes were not supportive of RSV replication, exposure to RSV resulted in significant inhibition of mitogen-induced transformation. Both adult and neonatal NK cell cytotoxicity were unaffected by exposure to RSV. These results suggest that RSV has preferential effects on human cord blood mononuclear cell subpopulations. | 7565371 |
4,507,661 | Treatment with Methimazole in a 3-Year-Old Male with Thyroid Hormone Resistance Background: Thyroid hormone resistance syndromes are disorders in which there is decreased end-organ responsiveness to thyroid hormone. Patients typically present with elevated levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine with a normal or increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration. Clinical features are variable, and there are no guidelines regarding treatment. Patient: The patient was noted to have tachycardia at 6 months of age. He had persistently elevated free thyroxine and normal/mildly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone for the first 2 years of life. At age 2 years, he was noted to have sinus tachycardia, a mildly enlarged thyroid, hyperactive behavior, subtle developmental delay, and poor weight gain. The patient has a previously described de novo mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor-β gene. Intervention and Outcomes: He was started on methimazole (0.3–0.5 mg/kg/day) at age 3 years to treat his symptoms. With medication, weight gain, sleep, behavior, and tachycardia improved. Linear growth has remained appropriate for age. Heart rate is in the upper normal range and his thyroid has become more enlarged. Conclusions: Methimazole has improved thyrotoxic symptoms in a 3-year-old male with thyroid hormone resistance. The use of methimazole should be considered in certain patients. | 40759771 |
4,507,662 | Pore size controls on the base of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Kumano Basin, offshore Japan The base of the methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) in the Kumano Basin, offshore Japan, is marked by a bottom‐simulating reflection (BSR) on seismic data. At Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0002, which penetrates this BSR, the in situ temperature profile combined with bulk seawater methane equilibrium conditions suggest that the base of the MHSZ is 428 m below seafloor (bsf), which is 28 m deeper than the observed BSR (400 m bsf). We found that submicron pore sizes determined by mercury injection capillary pressure are sufficiently small to cause 64% of the observed uplift of the base of the MHSZ by the Gibbs‐Thomson effect. This is the most thorough characterization of pore sizes within the MHSZ performed to date and illustrates the extent to which pore size can influence MHSZ thickness. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering lithology and pore structure when assessing methane hydrate stability conditions in marine sediments. | 55348471 |
4,507,663 | Coordinated control of fetal gastric epithelial functions by insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. The influence of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) on human gastric functions are unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of fetal gastric mucosa to produce IGFBPs and to test the effects of IGF-I, IGF-II, and synthetic truncated IGFs that do not interact with IGFBPs on epithelial cell proliferation and glandular zymogenic function. Western blots, Far Western blots, and immunohistochemistry were performed to characterize the expression of IGFBP-1 to -6 and IGF-I receptor. The effects of growth factors on DNA synthesis and lipase and pepsin activities were determined in gastric explants maintained in serum-free organ culture. All gastric epithelial cells expressed the IGF-I receptor. IGFBP-2 to -6 were produced endogenously, and they were differentially localized along the foveolus-gland axis and modulated in culture. Exogenous IGF-I and IGF-II were able to reduce lipase activity without affecting pepsin, whereas they exerted different effects on cellular proliferation: IGF-I was stimulatory and IGF-II had no influence. Illustrating the complex regulatory effect that IGFBPs exert on IGF bioactivity, both truncated IGF-I and IGF-II stimulated DNA synthesis more than IGF-I. Moreover, the striking difference in mitogenic activity between truncated and native forms of IGF-II probably reflects the abundance of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6, two IGF-II carriers, in the foveolus/neck region, including the proliferative compartment. This study provides new evidence for the involvement of an intragastric IGF/IGFBP system in the fine regulation of epithelial cell division and also in the control of zymogen | 44544071 |
4,507,664 | synthesis. Moreover, the specific influence of IGF-II as a mitogen appears to be tightly regulated by IGFBP isoforms preferentially associated with this growth factor and proliferative cells. | 44544071 |
4,507,665 | Determination of Best Fitted Regression Model for Estimation of Body Weight in Awassi Sheep Abstract Topal, M., Yildiz, N., Esenbuğa, N., Aksakal, V., Macit, M. and Özdemir, M. 2003. Determination of best fitted regression model for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 201–208. In this research, linear regression models were improved for estimation of body weights using various body measurements from Awassi sheep. Simple and multiple regression models were formed when body weight (BW) was dependent variable and body length (BL), heart depth (HD), height at wither (HW), height at shoulder (HS), shin girth (SG), chest width (CW), heart girth (HG), pump width (PW) were independent variables. The best-fitted regression model for estimation of body weight was determined by using mean square error (MSEp), R2 p and Cp statistics. The model including body length, heart depth, heart girth and pump width was the best fitted model (R2 P=0.851, MSEP =8.803, Cp=5.972) for estimation of body weight in Awassi sheep in this study. | 83782021 |
4,507,666 | [Protective effect of curcumin on hepatocytes in rats with sepsis]. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of curcumin on hepatocytes in rats with sepsis. METHODS Eighty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, sepsis group, Xuebijing group and curcumin group (20 rats in each group) according to the random number table method. The animal model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the sham operation group, the cecum was removed only after the operation. The rats in Xuebijing group and curcumin group were injected with 4 mL/kg Xuebijing, 100 mg/kg curcumin intraperitoneally at 0, 8 and 16 hours after operation (diluted with normal saline to 4 mL/kg) respectively; Sham operation group and sepsis group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation, the blood sample was collected, and liver tissues were harvested. The levels of serum procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6, IL-1β) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and apoptosis index (AI) was measured by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS The degree of hepatocyte injury in sepsis group increased gradually with time, the apoptotic cells gradually increased, and the AI of liver cells increased to 24 hours; serum levels of PCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly higher than those in the sham operated group at 2 hours after | 38614071 |
4,507,667 | operation and gradually increased to peak at 12 hours. The injury degree of liver tissue in Xuebijing group and curcumin group was significantly lighter than that in sepsis group, and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly decreased; the AI of hepatocytes and serum levels of PCT, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly lower than those of sepsis group from 2 hours [AI: (11.89±1.34)%, (11.56±0.96)% vs. (23.59±2.00)% at 2 hours, (28.95±1.40)%, (30.35±1.20)% vs. (52.05±1.31)% at 24 hours; PCT (μg/L): 1.27±0.18, 1.13±0.19 vs. 2.41±0.21 at 2 hours, 5.07±0.45, 5.09±0.42 vs. 8.68±0.58 at 12 hours; TNF-α (ng/L): 127.93±9.53, 124.73±7.47 vs. 217.28±14.24 at 2 hours, 171.03±8.58, 168.68±6.95 vs. 314.13±14.39 at 12 hours; IL-6 (ng/L): 132.15±9.27, 136.14±8.42 vs. 153.35±12.64 at 2 hours, 211.65±8.52, 213.37±8.96 vs. 298.11±12.35 at 12 hours; IL-1β (ng/L): 33.59±1.49, 35.05±1.00 vs. 61.84±3.21 at 2 hours; 81.76±2.80, 84.06±3.42 vs. 132.24±2.58 at 12 hours, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the above indexes between Xuebijing group and curcumin group. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin can inhibit the inflammatory response of hepatocytes in sepsis rats and reduce the apoptosis of hepatocytes, which can protect hepatocytes from sepsis. | 38614071 |
4,507,668 | School Closures as Education Reform: New Evidence from Chicago and Ohio This short essay reviews two recent academic studies of public school closures: The first study examines 198 charter and district schools closed in Ohio between 2006 and 2014, the second 47 district schools in 2013 and Ohio. Both studies suggest that the academic effects of closing failing schools likely will be positive, especially when the closures result in students transferring to higher-performing schools. | 146744071 |
4,507,669 | Urgency treatment profile of 0 to 15 year-old children assisted at urgency dental service from Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. Dental recordings of 0 to 15-year-old patients assisted at Urgency Dental Service (UDS) from Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, in 2001 and 2002, were assessed in order to quantify the number of patients that used the service, to determine attendance patterns, and to record the frequency of different types of dental emergencies and their performed treatment. Data were plotted and submitted to a descriptive statistical analysis. Among the total of patients attended at UDS (6020), 1166 (19.37%) were children, with mean age of 9.24 years. Trauma was the cause for 199 (17.06%) of the recorded urgency visits. It occurred more frequently in children between 0 and 3 years of age (34.42%), and between 7 and 12 years of age (18.12%). The main treatments performed were temporary restoration (33.33%) for coronal fracture, and orientation (24.44%) for luxation. Nontraumatic events were the etiology for 967 (82.92%) of the total urgency diagnosis. The most commonly found nontraumatic diagnosis was dental caries lesions (61.75%), followed by problems of eruption or root resorption (14.27%) and bone or soft tissue lesions (6.51%), among others (17.47%). The most frequent treatments performed for caries lesions were: excavation and temporary restoration (39.39%) when there was no abscess, and coronal opening and dressing (40.95%) for caries lesions with abscess. There was an increasing trend in caries lesions prevalence according to the rising of the age, in contrast to trauma prevalence. Treatment for | 22321921 |
4,507,670 | both situations was done according to the indicated protocol for each case. | 22321921 |
4,507,671 | Large Glass Shells from GDP Shells Abstract An entirely new process was discovered starting from M-doped glow discharge polymer (GDP) deposited by plasma polymerization1 (where M = Si or Ti) to make M-oxide shells. This process utilizing Si-GDP was developed to make large, uniform, thick-walled glass shells which are suitable for use in cryogenic layering experiments at LLNL and are unobtainable by the routinely utilized drop-tower method. We have found that in addition to controlling the geometry, the permeability and opacity may be controllable over very wide ranges by varying the processing conditions. Preliminary tests to determine the strength of SiO2 glass shells made by this process are consistent with that expected of pure silica glass. | 125813071 |
4,507,672 | An IETO-IGBT Hybrid Concept With Reduced Losses The efficiency of power electronic systems strongly depends on the employed power semiconductor devices. Reducing losses of the latter not only improves return on investment but also reduces the required cooling effort and potentially enables higher power densities. This letter proposes a novel power semiconductor device concept for medium-voltage dc–dc converters. It comprises an integrated emitter turn-off thyristor (IETO) and an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) connected in parallel. While the former serves as the main conducting component, the latter functions as the main switching counterpart, reducing overall losses when operated in conjunction. The topology as well as the switching sequence are introduced and benefits of the concept are specified. For the verification, a prototype is constructed and first measurement results are presented. In comparison to previous work on the IETO, using an IETO with very low on-state voltage reduces the conduction loss by 40%. Simultaneously, a delayed turn-off of the IGBT allows a majority of charge carriers to recombine within the IETO, reducing the total turn-off loss by 67%. | 226230571 |
4,507,673 | Changes in marketing in the classical music business over the last 20 years I have used the time frame of 20 years in my title, but strictly speaking it is 22 years, because my starting point is the EMI recording of Vivaldi’s popular work the Four Seasons. There were an extraordinary number of recordings of this famous piece in 1989 and even more so now. It is one of those pieces that most violinists want to lay down on LP, CD or digitally rather like conductors who want to record Beethoven’s 9th symphony. It is a landmark in a musician’s career. The challenge for the record company in this situation is how to market and promote another new recording of a work so well represented in the recording catalogue. | 14042421 |
4,507,674 | Altered expression of different GalNAc‑transferases is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Protein glycosylation perturbations are implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Aberrant glycosylation in cancer is frequently attributed to altered expression of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (GalNAc‑Ts) - enzymes initiating mucin-type O-glycosylation. A previous study from our group demonstrated that one member of this family (GALNT3) is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and GALNT3 expression correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in EOC patients with advanced disease. As considerable degree of redundancy between members of the GalNAc‑Ts gene family has been frequently observed, we decided to investigate whether other members of this family are essential in EOC progression. In silico analysis based on publically available data was indicative for altered expression of five GalNAc‑Ts (GALNT2, T4, T6, T9 and T14) in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) samples compared to non-tumoral (control) ovarian tissue. We analyzed protein expression of these GalNAc‑Ts in EOC cells and tumors by western blotting, followed by immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of their expression in EOC tumor and control samples using tissue microarrays (TMAs). Western blot analyses were indicative for low expression of GALNT2 and strong expression of GALNT6, T9 and T14 in both EOC cells and tumors. These observations were confirmed by IHC. GALNT2 displayed significantly lower expression, while GALNT6, GALNT9 and GALNT14 showed significantly higher expression in HGSC tumors compared to control tissue. Importantly, GALNT6 and GALNT14 expression correlated with poor prognosis of serous EOC patients. Moreover, our results suggest for | 52865071 |
4,507,675 | overlapping functions of some GalNAc‑Ts, more specifically GALNT3 and GALNT6, in directing EOC progression. Our results are indicative for a possible implication of different members of the GalNAc‑T gene family in modulating EOC progression, and the potential use of GALNT6 and GALNT14 as novel prognostic EOC biomarkers. These data warrant future studies on the role of members of the GalNAc‑Ts gene family in ovarian tumorigenesis. | 52865071 |
4,507,676 | “Trust Me, I’m a Sub-editor” In this paper, I focus on one particular player in the newspaper production process, i.e. the sub-editor. I analysed the sub-editing process through participant observation in newsrooms in the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands. Looking at both the sub-editors at work (think-aloud protocol) as well as the articles in various stages of production, and informed by (retrospective) interviews, I have compiled a list of six of the sub-editor’s “production values”. These values guide sub-editors whenever they intervene, and help them to transform a news story into an appealing, correct and credible newspaper article. I took the lead from Östgaard’s “factors influencing the flow of news”, but also from Galtung and Ruge’s “news values” which help reporters to determine which “events” are transitioned into “news”. In doing so, I go beyond the limitations of previous research, in which the types of interventions carried out in the sub-editing stage of newswriting were categorised. By identifying the guidelines driving the alterations made by the sub-editor, I aim to move one step closer towards uncovering the intricacies of the sub-editing process. Moreover, I demonstrate how “the rewrite men” add journalistic value to their newspapers, as perhaps their brand’s strongest ambassadors. | 151512521 |
4,507,677 | Engaging Undergraduate Students in an Introductory A.I. Course through a Knowledge-Based Chatbot Workshop In this paper we share interim results of an ongoing mixed method evaluative study of 43 students enrolled in an elective course “Doing Business with A.I.” at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB), Singapore Management University. A key component of the course design is an experiential chatbot workshop that provides non-STEM students with an opportunity to acquire basic skills to build a chatbot prototype using the ‘Dialogflow’ program. The workshop and the experiential learning activity were designed to impart students with relevant knowledge and skills such as conversation and user-centric design know how and know why that are transferrable to other situational contexts beyond the course. Based on ongoing class surveys and qualitative interviews with students, we are trying to corroborate a conceptual model developed from learning theories and models related to technology mediated learning (TML) aimed at measuring the effects of a hands-on knowledge-based chatbot workshop designed by the authors on students’ engagement and motivation as drivers of acquiring AI-related competencies such as natural language processing skills (NLP). One important didactical aspect during the design and roll-out of the chatbot workshop is that novice learners with no or very little knowledge about A.I. recognize and create the important linkage between knowledge inputs and outputs of NLP-powered conversational agents (chatbots) so that user queries are effectively addressed. The knowledge-based chatbot workshop design as described in the paper provides useful practical information for instructors interested in designing educational chatbot prototypes for effective | 251724271 |
4,507,678 | digital teaching and learning in a business school (higher education) context that can be transferred to other organizational units beyond the university (e.g. quality customer service) in order to make learners future-ready. | 251724271 |
4,507,679 | Glucose levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and death in an international cohort of normal glycaemic and dysglycaemic men and women: the EpiDREAM cohort study Aims: In an international prospective cohort study we assessed the relationship between glucose levels and incident cardiovascular events and death. Methods and results: 18,990 men and women were screened for entry into the DREAM clinical trial from 21 different countries. All had clinical and biochemical information collected at baseline, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and were prospectively followed over a median (IQR) of 3.5 (3.0–4.0) years for incident cardiovascular (CV) events including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF) requiring hospitalization, and death. After OGTT screening, 8000 subjects were classified as normoglycaemic, 8427 had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 2563 subjects had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). There were incident events in 491 individuals: 282 CAD, 54 strokes, 19 CHF, and 164 died. The annualized CV or death event rate was 0.79/100 person-years in the overall cohort, 0.51/100 person-years in normoglycaemics, 0.92/100 person-years among subjects with IFG and/or IGT at baseline, and 1.27/100 person-years among those with DM (p for trend <0.0001). Among all subjects, a 1 mmol/l increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or a 2.52 mmol/l increase in the 2-h post-OGTT glucose was associated with a hazard ratio increase in the risk of CV events or death of 1.17 (95% CI 1.13–1.22). Conclusions: In this large multiethnic cohort, the risk of CV events or death increased progressively among | 25538621 |
4,507,680 | individuals who were normoglycaemic, IFG or IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetics. A 1 mmol/l increase in FPG was associated with a 17% increase in the risk of future CV events or death. Therapeutic or behavioural interventions designed to either prevent glucose levels from rising, or lower glucose among individuals with dysglycaemia should be evaluated. | 25538621 |
4,507,681 | 0 90 3 . 22 66 v 1 [ he pph ] 1 2 M ar 2 00 9 1 − + light exotic mesons in QCD We systematically re-examine the extraction of the masses and couplings of the 1 hybrid, four-quark and molecule mesons from QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR). To NLO for the perturbative and power corrections, the hybrid mass is MH = 1.81(6) GeV and MH ≤ 2.2(2) GeV from the positivity of the spectral function. In the same way , but to LO, the four-quark state mass is M4q = 1.70(4) GeV and M4q ≤ 2.4(1) GeV, while the molecule mass is about 1.3(1) GeV. The observed π1(1400) and π1(1600) might be explained by a two-component mixing with the set of input masses (1.2 ∼ 1.3 ; 1.70 ∼ 1.74) GeV and with a mixing angle θ ≃ −(11.7± 2.2) , which slightly favours a molecule/four-quark mixing, and which eventually suggests that the π1(2015) is mostly an hybrid meson. Isospin and non-exotic partners of the previous states and some of their radial excitations are also expected to be found in the energy region around 2 GeV. Further tests of this phenomenological scenario are required. | 15738471 |
4,507,682 | Dilemma of Geoconservation of Monogenetic Volcanic Sites under Fast Urbanization and Infrastructure Developments with Special Relevance to the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand Geoheritage is an important aspect in developing workable strategies for natural hazard resilience. This is reflected in the UNESCO IGCP Project (# 692. Geoheritage for Geohazard Resilience) that continues to successfully develop global awareness of the multifaced aspects of geoheritage research. Geohazards form a great variety of natural phenomena that should be properly identified, and their importance communicated to all levels of society. This is especially the case in urban areas such as Auckland. The largest socio-economic urban center in New Zealand, Auckland faces potential volcanic hazards as it sits on an active Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field. Individual volcanic geosites of young eruptive products are considered to form the foundation of community outreach demonstrating causes and consequences of volcanism associated volcanism. However, in recent decades, rapid urban development has increased demand for raw materials and encroached on natural sites which would be ideal for such outreach. The dramatic loss of volcanic geoheritage of Auckland is alarming. Here we demonstrate that abandoned quarry sites (e.g., Wiri Mountain) could be used as key locations to serve these goals. We contrast the reality that Auckland sites are underutilized and fast diminishing, with positive examples known from similar but older volcanic regions, such as the Mio/Pliocene Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark in Hungary. | 235817221 |
4,507,683 | DStride: data-cache miss-address-based stride prefetching scheme for multimedia processors Prefetching reduces cache miss latency by moving data up in memory hierarchy before they are actually needed. Recent hardware-based stride prefetching techniques mostly rely on the processor pipeline information (e.g. program counter and branch prediction table) for prediction. Continuing developments in processor microarchitecture drastically change core pipeline design and require that existing hardware-based stride prefetching techniques be adapted to the evolving new processor architectures. In this paper we present a new hardware-based stride prefetching technique, called DStride, that is independent of processor pipeline design changes. In this new design, the first-level data cache miss address stream is used for the stride prediction. The miss addresses are separated into load stream and store stream to increase the efficiency of the predictor. They are checked separately against the recent miss address stream to detect the strides. The detected steady strides are maintained in a table that also performs look-ahead stride prefetching when the processor stride reference rate is higher than the prefetch request service rate. We evaluated our design with multimedia workloads using execution-driven simulation with SimpleScalar toolset. Our experiments show that DStride is very effective in reducing overall pipeline stalls due to cache miss latency, especially for stride-intensive applications such as multimedia workloads. | 1773371 |
4,507,684 | Evidence that the recA441 (tif-1) mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 contains a thermosensitive intragenic suppressor of RecA constitutive protease activity The recA441 mutant of Escherichia coli, which has been thought to have thermoinducible constitutive RecA protease activity, is known to have two mutations within recA. We show here that the mutation that alters codon 38 actually confers temperature-independent constitutive protease activity; the second mutation in recA441, which is at codon 298, appears to be acting as a temperature-sensitive suppressor of the protease activity. | 21615601 |
4,507,685 | Litigating Technology Patent Infringement in the Russian Federation This Article examines the current state of patent laws and the enforcement of patent rights in the courts of the Russian Federation, focusing on the doctrinal fundamentals, costs, and outcomes of enforcing invention or utility model patents in Russian courts. This Article concentrates specifically on litigation of technology patent infringement.Corporations mitigate the risks associated with investing in globally marketed technologies by obtaining patents in key national jurisdictions. The value of patent rights in a particular jurisdiction is the difference between the cost of obtaining patent rights and the risk of enforcing those rights in national courts. | 166587751 |
4,507,686 | Algorithmic enumeration of regular maps Given a finite group G , we describe an algorithm that enumerates the regular maps having G as rotational subgroup, using the knowledge of its table of ordinary characters and its subgroup lattice. To show the efficiency of our algorithm, we use it to compute that, up to isomorphism, there are 796,772 regular maps whose rotational subgroup is the sporadic simple group of O'Nan and Sims. | 55865101 |
4,507,687 | Broadband millimeter-wave receiver front-ends in silicon-germanium technology for multi-band communication systems Millimeter-wave frequency-agile front-ends capable of operating at different frequency bands offer an attractive solution for multiband communications. In this paper we present a fully integrated wide-band quadrature receiver covering the two point to point communication bands from 71 to 76 GHz and 81 to 86 GHz and the automotive radar band at 77 GHz. The receiver was fabricated using a low-cost SiGe technology with an ft/fmax of 200/250 GHz. The chip contains a wide-band LNA, Wilkinson power divider, down conversion mixers, two stage polyphase network, VCO, and frequency prescaler. The VCO achieves an ultra high tuning range of 33% between 64 and 89 GHz. Each receiver path (I/Q) has a measured conversion gain between 17 to 23 dB over the operating frequency range. The receiver has a minimum NF of 8dB, and an input referred compression point of -22 dBm. The complete chip consumes 220mA of current from a 3.3 V supply. | 25082951 |
4,507,688 | Comparative Genomics of Ethanolamine Utilization ABSTRACT Ethanolamine can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, the enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, is encoded by the gene tandem eutBC. Despite extensive studies of ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, much remains to be learned about EutBC structure and catalytic mechanism, about the evolutionary origin of ethanolamine utilization, and about regulatory links between the metabolism of ethanolamine itself and the ethanolamine-ammonia lyase cofactor adenosylcobalamin. We used computational analysis of sequences, structures, genome contexts, and phylogenies of ethanolamine-ammonia lyases to address these questions and to evaluate recent data-mining studies that have suggested an association between bacterial food poisoning and the diol utilization pathways. We found that EutBC evolution included recruitment of a TIM barrel and a Rossmann fold domain and their fusion to N-terminal α-helical domains to give EutB and EutC, respectively. This fusion was followed by recruitment and occasional loss of auxiliary ethanolamine utilization genes in Firmicutes and by several horizontal transfers, most notably from the firmicute stem to the Enterobacteriaceae and from Alphaproteobacteria to Actinobacteria. We identified a conserved DNA motif that likely represents the EutR-binding site and is shared by the ethanolamine and cobalamin operons in several enterobacterial species, suggesting a mechanism for coupling the biosyntheses of apoenzyme and cofactor in these species. Finally, we found that the food poisoning phenotype is associated with the structural components of metabolosome more strongly than with ethanolamine utilization genes or with paralogous propanediol utilization genes per se. | 18520751 |
4,507,689 | [Our experience of the treatment with XELOX±Bevacizumab for unresectable advanced colorectal cancer]. XELOX for unresectable advanced colorectal cancer has been approved in Japan. We report here an experience of the treatment with XELOX±bevacizumab in our department. We thought that the regimen has some merits in the patient's quality of life. Forty-five patients were treated with XELOX±bevacizumab. In evaluable 23 cases, partial response (PR) was obtained in 13 cases and stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were in 5 and 5 cases, so that the response rate and disease control rate were 56.5% and 78.2%, respectively. In the first-line administration of 19 cases, the response rate and disease control rate were respectively 80.0% and 90.0%. Hand-foot syndrome was observed in 13.2% (grade 2) and 6 .6% (grade 3). We think that it is important to control hand-foot syndrome for a continuation of XELOX±bevacizumab. | 40422501 |
4,507,690 | Flexibility and Decoupling in the Simple Temporal Problem In this paper we concentrate on finding a suitable metric to determine the flexibility of a Simple Temporal Problem (STP). After reviewing some flexibility metrics that have been proposed, we conclude that these metrics fail to capture the correlation between events specified in the STP, resulting in an overestimation of the available flexibility in the system. We propose to use an intuitively more acceptable flexibility metric based upon uncorrelated time-intervals for the allowed starting times of events in an STP. This metric is shown to be computable in low-polynomial time. As a byproduct of the flexibility computation, we get a decomposition of the STN almost for free: for every possible k-partitioning of the event space, a decomposition can be computed in O(k)-time. Even more importantly, we show that contrary to popular belief, such a decomposition does not affect the flexibility of the original STP. | 5925051 |
4,507,691 | A Meditation on the Soundscapes of Black Boyhood and Disruptive Imaginations In this article I consider how discourses of crisis and politics of respectability make it difficult to imagine black boyhood. While both forms of intervention are guided by good intentions, they nonetheless stymie research and critical engagement with how black boys experience boyhood. This article considers how a speech by President Barack Obama functioning as a precursor to formal announcement of the My Brothers Keeper initiative demonstrates the difficulty with distinguishing black boys from black men and, therefore, from developing interventions and research, in general, that attends to the needs, interests, and ways of being of black boys. I propose that in the absence of discursively focused research and empirical data, the inner thoughts and lives of black boys can be located in culture, specifically soundscapes created by black male recording artists that offer disruptive imaginations. | 152220251 |
4,507,692 | Charting the path for early diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder defined at the molecular level by tau pathology and amyloid aggregations [1]. Tau pathology starts in regions of the medial temporal lobe, and amyloid deposition primarily affects neocortical regions. Currently, the definitive diagnosis of AD is only possible post-mortem and there are no bona fide biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis is based on the evidence of symptoms, mainly related to short-term memory loss, that occur when the degeneration of the brain structures is already very severe (for a review of clinical diagnosis, see [2]). Preclinical diagnosis has been recently recognized as a priority in AD research, as it may allow for the early initiation of treatments, and perhaps eventually for the prevention of this devastating disease. Researchers have begun to conceptualize AD as a sequence of physiological changes, some of which can be measured, that begin during asymptomatic stages of the disease and become more severe in symptomatic stages of the disorder. There is now an increasing emphasis on these asymptomatic changes that begin many years, even decades, before clinical onset. Detection of these changes can contribute to early diagnosis, allowing for early initiation of treatments. There is considerable interest in studying biomarkers in patients with preclinical stages of AD, including cerebrospinal fluid b-amyloid (Ab 1–42 ) and tau protein levels (total and p-tau181P), fluorodeoxyglucose and b-amyloid PET studies, and structural MRI. These measures are now considered in the new diagnostic criteria for preclinical AD established | 39978651 |
4,507,693 | by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association [3]. | 39978651 |
4,507,694 | Graphcut textures: image and video synthesis using graph cuts In this paper we introduce a new algorithm for image and video texture synthesis. In our approach, patch regions from a sample image or video are transformed and copied to the output and then stitched together along optimal seams to generate a new (and typically larger) output. In contrast to other techniques, the size of the patch is not chosen a-priori, but instead a graph cut technique is used to determine the optimal patch region for any given offset between the input and output texture. Unlike dynamic programming, our graph cut technique for seam optimization is applicable in any dimension. We specifically explore it in 2D and 3D to perform video texture synthesis in addition to regular image synthesis. We present approximative offset search techniques that work well in conjunction with the presented patch size optimization. We show results for synthesizing regular, random, and natural images and videos. We also demonstrate how this method can be used to interactively merge different images to generate new scenes. | 6175301 |
4,507,695 | Labor Violence — A Reply Our discussion of collective violence among Russian labor in the late nineteenth century has raised more questions than it has answered and created considerable heat as well as light in this murky corner of Russian social history. There is a consensus that the subject deserves serious attention, but beyond that point, agreement ends. The questions raised by the discussants center on the typology and dynamics of labor violence, but include as well issues relating to the formation, popular culture, behavior, and urban acculturation of the Russian labor force. There is much we do not know about workers of the late tsarist years. Ronald Suny provides an impressive list of the authors of recent works on Russian labor history, but is quite justified in his complaint of the absence of an interpretive survey. We lack a real social history of Russian jabor (though the gap may soon be filled as a result of a recent conference on the subject). Consequently, we must each compose our own work, constructing a conceptual framework and selecting material to fit our own tentative argument. Not surprisingly, my imaginary survey includes a chapter on the origins and evolution of labor violence in the years prior to 1905. The scholars who have joined this discussion have, if one may judge by their comments, taken different paths. Suny relegates the subject to an "earlier period," presumably the midnineteenth century. Diane Koenker chooses to view it as one part of "collective action," profoundly modified by urbanization. Robert Johnson appears to | 146982451 |
4,507,696 | be of two minds, on the one hand calling the subject "important," while on the other emphasizing the rationality and "discipline" of the late-century worker movement, leaving the impression that (as in his book on Moscow labor) he minimizes violent protest and views strikes as the dominant mode throughout the period. How is the reader to judge the relative merits of the arguments? The task is made no easier by the controversy surrounding the subject. Discussion of worker violence touches sensitive nerves among those who believe the very mention of the topic is a reflection on the ethical standards of Russian labor or on the quality of social relations among Russia's lower classes. The issue comes to us weighed down with the ideological baggage of a century of debate among radicals, for whom labels like "backwardness," "rebelliousness," and "Pugachevism" revealed one's attitude toward revolution and progress in Russia. I admit to some disappointment at having terms like Bakuninism applied to my views and at being labeled a "modernizer" (does this make me a "Westernizer" in contemporary garb?). Some controversy enlivens debate and stimulates interest in a topic, but the use of polemical terms merely throws up clouds of confusion where clear vision is needed. All the discussants refer to the work of Western social historians, such as Hobsbawm and Sewell, whose conceptualizations of labor history provide analytical models for the study of Russian labor. Johnson is correct in warning of the dangers of using these models to force the Russian worker into an "alien mold." The | 146982451 |
4,507,697 | misuse of comparative historical methods creates as many "stereotypes" as does ideological bias. Clearly great care is needed in employing the concept of "primitive rebels," which I used as a method of analyzing one pattern | 146982451 |
4,507,698 | How Brain Rhythms Reflect Cognitive Processes There is increasing interest in the functional role of brain rhythms. This chapter introduces brain rhythms and then provides an overview of specific spectral signatures that can be consistently observed in rest and during tasks. The best-studied task in this context is attention, which forms the basis of section 4. Finally, the chapter presents some recent approaches that allow more detailed decoding of these spectral signatures or fingerprints. | 225238151 |
4,507,699 | A more sensitive method for the quantitation of genomic DNA by Alu amplification. Current procedures for human DNA quantitation reach their limit at 150 pg DNA, which is above the limit of the PCR profiling range using Profiler-Plus (Applied Biosystems, CA). This study tested the potential for the use of primate specific Alu sequences in forensic science for the sensitive detection and quantitaion of DNA. A fluorescently labelled primer pair was designed enabling high efficiency amplification of the core Alu sequence within primate DNA. Quantitation was performed by measurement of fluorescence intensity and comparison to a series of standard template DNA amounts via the construction of a standard curve. The new Alu-based quantitation protocol developed has shown its feasibility in more sensitively quantitating (100-2.5 pg) unknown amounts of human DNA for forensic use. The method is compatible with the use and throughput of current forensic procedures. | 38196501 |
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