id
int64 0
4.51M
| text
stringlengths 1
10.1k
| doc_id
stringlengths 2
9
|
|---|---|---|
4,507,400 | Behavioral approaches to the functional assessment of NMDA-mediated neural transmission in intact mice. Altered neurotransmission mediated by L-glutamate at the level of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor complex has been implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of several major neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, strategies for the pharmacologic manipulation of NMDA-mediated neural transmission have been discussed for the treatment of disorders as diverse as schizophrenia, seizures, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, MK-801, an uncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the NMDA receptor complex, was shown to antagonize electrically precipitated seizures in a dose-dependent manner and elicit popping behavior in mice. Changes in the ability of MK-801 to antagonize electrically precipitated seizures or elicit popping behavior caused by stress or pharmacologic manipulations may reflect alterations in the populations of NMDA-associated channels responsible for these behavioral actions (e.g., the number of them in the open configuration or their size, shape, and charge characteristics). We used these paradigms to study the pharmacologic actions of an allosteric glycinergic intervention (i.e., milacemide), inhibitors of the "nitric oxide cascade" (i.e., 7-nitroindazole and methylene blue), and conventional (i.e., haloperidol) and atypical (i.e., clozapine) antipsychotic medications on NMDA-mediated neurotransmission in the intact mouse. Also, marked differences in the ability of MK-801 to elicit popping behavior in inbred mouse strains suggest that they differ in their populations of NMDA receptor complexes responsible for mediating this behavior. This latter observation could lend itself to the identification of specific genetic loci contributing to this behavior. In view of the ability of phencyclidine (PCP) to precipitate a schizophreniform psychosis and the action it | 43230261 |
4,507,401 | shares with MK-801 on NMDA-mediated neurotransmission, the characterization of these genetic loci in mice may inform the search for human loci responsible for the susceptibility to "PCP-psychosis" and schizophrenia. | 43230261 |
4,507,402 | Effect of (La+Yb) addition on the fluidity of an A356.2 aluminum alloy ABSTRACT The effect of mixed rare earth (La+ Yb) addition on the fluidity of A356.2 was investigated by fluidity tests, optical microscope (OM), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with energy diffraction spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Varying amounts of (La+ Yb) addition were tested, 0%，0.3%，0.6%, and 0.9% (wt.%). The fluidity of A356.2 was improved with the addition of mixed rare earth (La+ Yb). The fluidity length of the A356.2 + 0.6% (La+ Yb) alloy (670mm) was increased by 19% compared to that of A356.2 (565mm). The fluidity of the alloy was related to the morphology of α-Al and Al8Si6Mg3Fe（Fe phase）in the alloy. A refined microstructure of the alloy corresponded with better fluidity. A higher pouring temperature also improved fluidity. However, this trend declined when the pouring temperature increased above 730°C. | 139844411 |
4,507,403 | Coupling efficiency estimation of the fully photonic receiver The paper deals with numerical modeling of the testbed for measuring the coupling efficiency of the fully photonic receiver for optical wireless communication. The numerical model is based on transformation of the Gaussian beam through optical system described by ray matrices. The design process of the testing transmitter and fully photonic receiver is discussed. Finally the coupling efficiency of the fully photonic receiver is estimated for single-mode fiber. | 12030861 |
4,507,404 | Future Ability Requirements for operators in Aviation regarding Monitoring The research project Aviator 2030 at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) focuses on finding an optimal fit between technical innovations and human operators in future aviation. Due to the increase in automation, accurate and efficient monitoring poses a great challenge to future operators in aviation. As the DLR`s Department of Aviation and Space Psychology is responsible for the selection of pilots and air traffic controllers, our objective for the selection of future personnel is to identify operators monitoring appropriately (OMA). OMA are assumed to monitor in such a way as to enable them to resume control if automation fails. We developed a simulation tool that helps identify future monitoring requirements for pilots and controllers. In our study, we combine eye movement parameters and manual performance data in order to reveal the predictive power of eye movements, standing for monitoring performance, for manual control. Preliminary results of an experiment with job candidates are presented. Personnel selection based on eye movements is innovative and will establish new approaches for assessing selection profiles in future air traffic management (ATM) scenarios. | 15334311 |
4,507,405 | Are changes in international accounting standards making them more complex? ABSTRACT One of the objectives of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to develop high-quality standards based on clearly articulated principles. However, despite stating that International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are based on principles, IASB continuously revises and amends IFRS. This paper explores the relation between the changes in IFRS and whether the standards have become more complex over time. The sample comprises changes to IFRS between 2005 and 2016. Following Mergenthaler [(2012). Principles-based versus rules-based standards and accounting irregularities (Working paper)] and Donelson, McInnis, and Mergenthaler [(2012). Rules-based accounting standards and litigation. The Accounting Review, 87(4), 1247–1279], this paper scores the rules-based continuum for each standard. The results show that IFRS is becoming more complex because of the changes. | 159047561 |
4,507,406 | Evidence of upper-critical-field enhancement in K3C60 powders. ac susceptibility measurements of superconducting K3C60 powders in magnetic fields to 30 T yield a roughly linear Hc2(T) curve extending up to the highest experimental fields. Samples prepared by two different methods give –dHc2/dT=2.14±0.08 T/K, with Tc=18.7 K. The observed Hc2 at low temperatures exceeds the Hc2(T) curve from the standard theory by Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg. We discuss the role of flux motion and evidence for enhancement of Hc2 by intrinsic mechanisms such as strong coupling, Fermi surface anisotropy, and/or granularity of the samples. | 27603861 |
4,507,407 | The development of reaching and looking preferences in infants to objects of different sizes. Reaching and looking preferences and movement kinematics were recorded in 5-15-month-old infants, who were divided into 3 age groups. Infants were presented with pairs of cylinders of 3 different diameters: small (1-cm diameter), medium (2.5-cm diameter), and large (6-cm diameter). Whereas infants between 5 and 12 months of age showed a preference for looking first at the large object, a significant preference for reaching to smaller (graspable) objects was observed in 81/2-12-month-old infants. Kinematic measures suggest that the onset of object-oriented action requires a slowing down of the reach and an extended "homing-in" phase. The divergent looking and reaching preferences in infants at different ages may reflect a dissociation during development of visual processing streams subserving object-related action from those related to visual orienting. | 43306911 |
4,507,408 | Block-based adaptive noise filtering for H.264/AVC compression Noise corruption degrades the R-D performance of H.264/AVC encoders because of a loss of image quality and an increase in bit-rate. Previous noise reduction techniques attempt to avoid the loss of image quality, but they do not take the effect of noise on compression efficiency into serious consideration. In this paper, the noise effect on an H.264/AVC encoder is analyzed and a blockbased adaptive denoising algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm applies the denoising operation adaptively to blocks which do not include image details that need to be preserved. Furthermore, the proposed noise filter is not applied when the quantization parameter is larger than a pre-defined threshold because noise is filtered by a quantization operation in the encoder. As a result, both residual and information bits are decreased by the proposed noise filtering operation. Edge blurring caused by the filtering operation is also reduced as a result of the adaptive application of the filtering operation. Compared to cases where filtering is not used, the proposed method shows a maximum PSNR enhancement of 1.98 dB and a maximum bitrate reduction of 41%. | 20415161 |
4,507,409 | Exploring the Potential of Online Tutorial Websites for Developing Technological Skills among Senior Citizens Most social media platforms nowadays are designed for intuitive younger users and senior citizens might face difficulties in developing their social media skills. There are several factors that may inhibit senior citizens from learning how to use social media such as lack of suitable platform and mobility limitation. Learning process may occur differently among senior citizens compared to the younger learners due to the digital divide. Senior citizens encounter cognitive and physical declinations throughout the aging process which may affect their learning activities. Hence, the learning platform for senior citizens should be designed in a way that could help them to maximise their learning; an online tutorial website could be one of the alternative platforms. This study is conducted to explore the potential of the existing free online tutorial websites in developing social media skills among senior citizens. Instructional strategies for teaching senior citizens via online tutorial websites are also developed based on previous studies. Three existing online tutorial websites are analysed based on the proposed instructional strategies to gain more understanding regarding online tool in the context of technology learning among senior citizens. Supported by the three cases-in-point, criteria that are crucial in ensuring senior citizens have positive learning experiences via websites are drawn | 225629411 |
4,507,410 | Impacts of Al2O3/SiO2 Interface Dipole Layer Formation on the Electrical Characteristics of 4H-SiC MOSFET In this letter, we demonstrated an approach to introduce a positive shift in transfer curves of lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on 4H-SiC (0001), without deterioration of channel conductance. With an additional Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film on thermally grown SiO<sub>2</sub> after the nitridation process, a dipole layer was formed at the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface, which induced the positive shift of flat-band voltage. The field-effect mobility of MOSFET was not changed after the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fabrication process, which means that the quality of the nitrogen-passivated SiO<sub>2</sub>/SiC interface was not damaged by this process. | 243882811 |
4,507,411 | Corrosion resistance of polyurethane-coated Nitinol cardiovascular stents Corrosion of metal stents implanted inside an artery can have two adverse effects: (1) tissue reaction and possible toxic effects from the metal ions leaching out of the stent, and (2) loss of mechanical strength of the stent caused by corrosion. The corrosion resistance of Nitinol (Nickel-Titanium) stents and its modulation with different film thickness of polymer coating was studied against an artificial physiological solution using a Potentiostat/Galvanostat and an electrochemical corrosion cell. The corrosion rate decreased rapidly from 275 μm/year for an uncoated surface down to less than 13 μm/year for a 30 μm thick polyurethane coating. Stainless steel (316L) and Nitinol both contain potentially toxic elements, and both are subject to stress corrosion. Minimization of corrosion can significantly reduce both tissue reaction and structural degradation. | 42848661 |
4,507,412 | Antibody targeting KIT as pretransplantation conditioning in immunocompetent mice. Inherited hematologic defects that lack an in vivo selective advantage following gene correction may benefit from effective yet minimally toxic cytoreduction of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) prior to transplantation of gene-modified HSCs. We studied the efficacy of administering a novel sequential treatment of parenteral ACK2, an antibody that blocks KIT, followed by low-dose irradiation (LD-IR) for conditioning of wild-type and X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) mice. In wild-type mice, combining ACK2 and LD-IR profoundly decreased endogenous competitive long-term HSC repopulating activity, and permitted efficient and durable donor-derived HSC engraftment after congenic transplantation. ACK2 alone was ineffective. The combination of ACK2 and LD-IR was also effective conditioning in X-CGD mice for engraftment of X-CGD donor HSCs transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector. We conclude that combining ACK2 with LD-IR is a promising approach to effectively deplete endogenous HSCs and facilitate engraftment of transplanted donor HSCs. | 20596511 |
4,507,413 | Problems Of Widow Remarriage In India: A Study INTRODUCTION The position of women which consists nearly half of population of the country is not so good and the position of widow is even worse. In order to save the plight of women who suffered an account of the death of their husbands the Brahmo Samaj launched a campaign advocating widow remarriage. Despite Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar’s campaign that led to the legislation of widow remarriage (1856) in India, Hindu society had many reservations on this issue. The Brahmos campaigned against such prejudices. To reinforce their commitment to this many young men of the Brahmo movement made a positive point of marrying widows. Besides championing the cause of widows the Brahmo Samaj also came to the aid of unmarried women as well. I t was not just the lower castes who suffered in the caste system. Despite their caste status, the girls from the upper caste families suffered because of their position. If a suitable bridegroom could not be found for such a girl in their caste, their options were limited, as marriage to lower caste men was not permitted. These girls often found themselves being married off to very old men who were already married several times over. Or worse still, sometimes these girls would be poisoned to death. Again the Brahmos campaigned against such unjust practices and saved the lives of many such girls. Widows were considered inauspicious and were not permitted to attend festive occasions, despite many of them being young girls whose marriage had | 160553811 |
4,507,414 | not even been consummated. It was very common for the mother-in-law to taunt her as being responsible for her son’s death. The death of the husband was only the beginning of a young woman’s problems. She was either expected to commit sati or return to her parents. If she stayed with her husband’s family, she had to do all the menial work, was ill treated and not allowed to eat properly. Her head was shaved, her glass bangles broken and she was confined to white clothes; never being allowed to look attractive since she was considered a sexual threat to society. She could only eat vegetarian food. Widow re-marriage was not permitted among Hindus, except in certain tribal communities. | 160553811 |
4,507,415 | Pediatric Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review aggressive malignancy arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma was first reported in 1986 by Frierson et al, and since then less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature.1 One previous pediatric case has been described in a 12-year-old boy in India.2 Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is histologically classified as part of a spectrum of neuroendocrine carcinomas originating from the Schneiderian epithelium or the nasal ectoderm in the paranasal sinuses.1 Here, we report only the second case of SNUC to arise in childhood involving a teenager with disease arising from the nasal cavity and extending through the paranasal air sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa and brain. | 27310061 |
4,507,416 | Age- and sex-specific cycles in United States suicides, 1973 to 1985. Total US suicides peak on the first day of each week, in the first week of each month, and in the late spring of each year. Although these cycles are assumed to characterize all US suicides, analyses by age and sex show that the cycles occur only in a few subpopulations. Day-of-the-week effects are found almost exclusively in middle-aged suicides; day-of-the-month effects are found almost exclusively in elderly male suicides; and month-of-the-year effects asre found almost exclusively in teenaged and elderly suicides. | 46198611 |
4,507,417 | Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Noninvasive, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has evolved over the past 25 years from a novel research tool of limited clinical use into an important and useful modality for stratifying cardiovascular risk and guiding therapeutic decisions. Early clinical uses of ABPM were mostly focused on identifying patients with white-coat hypertension; however, accumulated evidence now points to greater prognostic significance in determining risk for hypertensive end-organ damage compared with office blood pressure measurements. Ambulatory measurement of blood pressure using automated devices has also demonstrated benefit in other indications, such as treatment resistance and borderline hypertension, and is recommended by the Joint National Committee for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in a number of clinical scenarios. Medicare recently announced plans to begin reimbursement for ABPM, which will likely increase demand for ABPM services. Clinicians should become familiar with the role of this technology in the care of the hypertensive patient. | 42314661 |
4,507,418 | Upper Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Without Vertebral Bony Lesion: A Report of Two Cases Study Design. Case report. Objectives. To describe a rarely reported type of upper thoracic spinal cord injury without vertebral bony lesion in two cases with multiple trauma. Summary of Background Data. Because it is supported by the stiffness of the rib cage, the upper thoracic spine has greater stability than the cervical and lumbar regions, and thus its fracture or fracture dislocation is less frequent. Nevertheless, when fracture or fracture dislocation of upper thoracic spine occurs, spinal cord involvement and severe concomitant injuries are frequently associated. Methods. Two cases who were suspected to have thoracic spinal cord injuries were referred to our emergency center: a 19-year-old girl presented with paraparesis after her motorcycle collided with a truck, and a 63-year-old male involved in an industrial accident presented with paraplegia. Results. Radiograph and computed tomography scan showed no abnormality or dislocation in the vertebral bodies in these two cases, although the upper thoracic spinal cord injuries were suspected by clinical features. Magnetic resonance images detected abnormal signals, suggesting spinal cord injuries, and these signals each emanated from levels that coincided with the observed clinical features. Conclusions. Transient subluxation or displacement might have caused the upper thoracic spinal cord injuries after the support of the rib cages was temporarily lost on application of excessive force, although such findings could not be confirmed by imaging procedures. | 1386711 |
4,507,419 | Blood pressure effects of vitamin C: what's the key question? Some, but not all, observational data concerning diet and health suggest an inverse relationship between dietary vitamin C and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.1 If such a relationship exists, vitamin C presumably protects against CVD through its antioxidant properties, possibly by preventing lipid peroxidation. Others have suggested that vitamin C might protect against CVD through effects on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness.2–6 Such an effect is suggested by epidemiologic associations noted in some populations,7 but the role of this nutrient in BP regulation remains unclear, owing to design issues and/or confounding variables. For example, a recent analysis of the prospective Western Electric study2 suggests that low antioxidant intake is associated with the rise in BP with age. In that study, intake of both vitamin C and β-carotene were combined to form an “antioxidant score,” so the effect of vitamin C alone was not estimated. Even in studies that isolate vitamin C intake, results are inconclusive: not all studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between vitamin C and BP; key nutrients (eg, sodium) are not accurately measured by most diet survey methods; and more importantly, these observational studies are potentially confounded by intake of other nutrients that affect BP. For example, in the Western Electric study, the investigators did not adjust for intake of potassium, a nutrient with well-known BP-lowering effects,9 which is found in many antioxidant-rich foods. Thus, although a relationship between vitamin C intake and BP is suggested, the epidemiologic data are inconclusive. Randomized | 40994011 |
4,507,420 | controlled trials offer many advantages over prospective observational studies, including minimizing the effects of other confounding variables. Despite these advantages, a total of 7 previous trials examining BP effects of vitamin C have been inconclusive. Two of 4 randomized trials reviewed by Ness et al8 suggest no effect. … | 40994011 |
4,507,421 | New Approach to Treatment of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Recommendations for standard therapy for tuberculosis (TB) in the United States and Canada recently have changed. This is in the setting of progress in other areas of pulmonary medicine, such as better understanding of the pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), advent of newer technology in critical care medicine (as with the introduction of the high-frequency jet ventilator), more knowledge in the areas of pulmonary immunology and infections (as in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), and newly identified respiratory pathogens, (including Legionella pneumophilia), and in new procedures, such as laser bronchoscopy. Advances in the treatment of tuberculous bacilli and other mycobacterial organisms have had reverberations for dermatology. | 21175011 |
4,507,422 | The roles of suspensions for minor infractions and school climate in predicting academic performance among adolescents. African American adolescents are grossly overrepresented in rates of school suspensions for minor disciplinary infractions; however, the consequences associated with this disciplinary practice are unknown. African American adolescents who were suspended for minor infractions may perceive school rules and adults as unfair and illegitimate, and these poor perceptions toward school may compromise their social and interpersonal resources necessary for academic success. The present study investigates: (a) whether suspensions for minor infractions predict lower school grades longitudinally, and (b) whether poor school climate perceptions mediate the longitudinal link between suspensions for minor infractions and school grades. Based on 3 years of school records and social survey data from 2,381 adolescents (35% African American, 65% White), results illustrated that more African American adolescents were suspended for minor infractions than their White peers who committed similar infractions. In addition, African American adolescents suspended for minor infractions also had lower grades 1 and 2 years later. The longitudinal relation between suspensions for minor infractions and subsequent grades was partially mediated by African American adolescents' school climate perceptions. Implications are discussed in relation to racial biases and developmentally appropriate, equitable disciplinary practices. Public Significance Statement: The present study shows that more African American youth are suspended for minor infractions than White youth. In addition, these suspensions predicted poor school grades and school climate perceptions for African American youth. These findings raise concerns about school adults' discretion in using punitive school discipline policies and practices, as | 238474811 |
4,507,423 | they may be contributing to academic disparities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved). | 238474811 |
4,507,424 | Knowledge Management of Controlled Vocabularies for Semantic Interoperability of Healthcare Applications Controlled vocabularies such as terminologies and ontologies are regarded as a solution to the achievement of semantic interoperability across healthcare applications. This is yet to be attained. The semantics of current healthcare applications are directly in the source code and database structure and therefore cannot be readily shared. The multilevel model-driven approach is a method to produce semantically interoperable healthcare applications by providing sharable concept models. At this point, the methodology is proven, but implementations are still required. This study presents the fundamentals of knowledge modeling of controlled vocabularies for a XML-based multilevel model specification. The term subset 'Tuberculosis' of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) is modeled as constraints to the XML Schema that defines the Reference Model. The Brazilian Mortality and Hospital Information Systems provided sample data for demonstration. The demonstration of the semantic validation of the XML data instances that include the ICD-10 'Tuberculosis' term set, converted to the multilevel model generated, is presented. | 14123261 |
4,507,425 | The role of spironolactone on myocardial oxidative stress in rat model of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to cardiovascular diseases development and progression. Aldosterone contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and remodeling. AIM To evaluate the impact of spironolactone (an aldosterone antagonist) on markers of myocardial redox status in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. METHOD Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups; controls, spironolactone-treated rats (Spir), diabetic rats (DM), and diabetic rats treated with spironolactone (DM+Spir) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure and cardiac levels of aldosterone and oxidants/antioxidants were measured. RESULT STZ-induced DM but did not cause hypertension or dyslipidemia in either spironolactone-treated or spironolactone-untreated rats. Aldosterone and aldosterone synthase levels were increased in both the DM and DM+Spir groups compared to control. In parallel, total nitrite and nitrotyrosine levels were increased and vitamin E antioxidant levels were reduced in the DM group. Spironolactone use reduced cardiac total nitrite levels and improved vitamin E levels. Glutathione reductase/peroxidase activities were increased in the DM and DM+Spir groups without changes in the ratio of reduced to oxidized form of glutathione. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were increased in the DM group. Lipid peroxidation products were similar among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The increase in total nitrite/nitrotyrosine in DM promoted significant compensatory increases in antioxidant activities of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase/reductase probably to prevent cardiac oxidative damage. The use of spironolactone reduced nitrite generation and improved vitamin E levels independent of blood pressure. | 206948861 |
4,507,426 | Task embedded visualisation: the design for an interactive IR results display for journalists There is need for user-centred visualisation research to engage with the activity context, information needs, knowledge and abilities of target user-groups. With a focus on the work of journalists, we first argue for information-retrieval results visualisation as a suitable browsing framework for journalists' frequently ill-defined needs and high-recall searches. We then describe the design and rationale for a histogram-based visualisation for journalists. We also describe the integration of this idea within a system that structures searching as a two-step query-and-filter operation. This approach is intended to support initial exploratory browsing and refinement in a way that is sympathetic to the systematic focusing that naturally occurs during complex, unstructured task performance. Further, the use of an enduring 'base' results set is intended to encourage structural familiarity with the broader results and therefore to enhance navigation. | 14222411 |
4,507,427 | The histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of hyaline material in the endometrium of mice fed diethylstilbestrol. Histochemistry and electron microscopy were used to examine hyaline material within the endometrium of mice continuously fed diethylstilbestrol (DES). Virgin female mice were fed diets containing 0, 320 or 640 ppb DES from 4 weeks of age. All animals reported on in this study were sacrificed when moribund and ranged from 622 to 762 days of age. Irregular deposits of hyaline material were seen throughout the connective tissue stroma with frequent accumulations seen immediately beneath the surface epithelial membrane and around blood vessels. The material was characterized by a paucity of cells and fibrous material but exhibited an eosinophilic reaction and was PAS-positive. Histochemistry indicated collagen was present even though electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous, amorphous structure virtually devoid of a fibrous component. Numerous plasma cells were seen in close proximity to macrophages and lymphocytes. This material was probably a product of collagen degradation and a subsequent immune response elicited in the endometrium. | 6322661 |
4,507,428 | Freud's castles in the air. Sigmund Freud used the phrase “castles in the air” in three different places in his writings. In two of these instances he was destroying the castles, and in the third, building them. In 1872 he admonished Emil Fluss, the brother of his first love, Gisela, for making too much of Freud’s relationship with her (E. Freud, 1969). In 1899, disguising himself as one of his patients, he used the metaphor of building castles when wondering what would have happened had this love affair resulted in marriage (Freud, 1899). On the third occasion, he wrote in a letter to his friend Wilhelm Fliess in 1900 that “I have had to demolish all my castles in the air” (Masson, 1985, p. 405); several scholars have linked this comment to Freud’s disappointment over the response—or lack of response—to his The Interpretation of Dreams, published in 1900. I believe instead that the notion of building and destroying castles sprang from more personal issues in Freud’s life, specifically a heightened ambivalence about himself, his relationships, and his professional life, both past and present. In support of this view, I first discuss Freud’s encounter with Gisela as he described it in letters and poems to friends in the 1870s. I then describe Freud’s memory of that meeting and the personal context from which he wrote about it in the essay “Screen Memories” in 1899. I suggest, finally, that there was a further shift in 1900 in his ambivalent feelings and their object, which influenced some of his | 1503461 |
4,507,429 | theoretical concerns. | 1503461 |
4,507,430 | Techno-Anthropologists as Change Agents: A case in health informatics. Studying technology will often involve studying change - or in the perspective of this chapter should involve not just studying but also actively being involved with change. Your presence and the questions you ask shape the way people think and act and on the other hand their responses and your study of practice change the researchers perspective. For Techno-Anthropologist, this means that asking in specific ways about technology and having a focus on technology in the data collection and fieldwork will (should) influence what they see, the data they collect and their analysis - and also the way the informants think and the way people talk about practice and technology. The Techno-Anthropological researcher should be aware and actively use the potential for change in the empirical study of technology. In this chapter I exemplify and examine how and why change can be embraced and seen as an integral part of Techno-Anthropological studies in Health Informatics and beyond. This statement is supported through reflections on empirical examples, qualitative methods, and ethical and philosophical considerations on research and change. The chapter concludes that Techno-Anthropologists should actively consider and engage in the potential for change of the empirical studies of technology. | 26018861 |
4,507,431 | [Intestinal duplication cyst in children: laparoscopically assisted resection is preferred]. A 5-year-old boy was seen for a second opinion as he had episodes of severe abdominal pain and a variably distended abdomen. Ultrasonography showed a suspected duplication cyst of the terminal ileum. A laparoscopically assisted resection was performed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of a duplication cyst. A few months later a 10-year-old boy presented with a history of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography showed an intussusception halfway up the transverse colon where a cyst was seen with a fluid level. The intussusception was reduced during laparoscopy and resection of the duplication cyst of the ileum was performed. Although intestinal duplication cysts are rare (prevalence 1:4500), it is important to know they exist. Laparoscopically assisted resection is an elegant way of treating duplication cysts in children. | 10592311 |
4,507,432 | Theory Z: a review of management styles and a proposal for change. Japanese management techniques have been the subject of much interest over the past few years. However, American culture does not lend itself to strict adherence to Japanese practices. Theory Z is a management philosophy that blends Japanese and American techniques and is currently being practiced in many areas of the business world. With some work, Theory Z can be incorporated into health care organizations in general,and radiology departments in particular. | 11546111 |
4,507,433 | Clodronate increases bone mineral density in young growing oophorectomized beagles. Nineteen beagles (8.8 +/- 0.1 months, 8.5 +/- 0.2 kg, mean +/- SEM) were oophorectomized (OX) at the beginning of the study. The dogs were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (OX, n = 5), OX+clodronate 20 mg/kg orally group (OX + 20, n = 7) and OX+clodronate 40 mg/kg orally group (OX + 40, n = 7). Clodronate administration began the day following oophorectomy and was continued for eight months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and at four and eight months and by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and at eight months. Bone biopsies were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study. The change in BMD (g/cm2) during eight months was +2.0% (NS) in OX, +2.3% (NS) in OX + 20 and +10.0% (P < 0.01) in OX + 40 group when measured by DEXA, QCT revealed the same results but in a lesser extent. There were no differences in static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters between the groups at the end of the study. In conclusion, clodronate at a dose 40 mg/kg/day orally increases BMD in young oophorectomized dogs. | 1578761 |
4,507,434 | The Initial Reproductive Health Visit: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 811. The primary goal of the initial reproductive health visit is to provide preventive health care services, educational information, and guidance, in addition to problem-focused care. The initial reproductive health visit should take place between the ages of 13 and 15 years. The scope of the initial visit will depend on the patient's concerns, medical history, physical and emotional development, and the level of care the patient is receiving from other health care professionals. All adolescents should have the opportunity to discuss health issues with a health care professional one-on-one, because they may feel uncomfortable talking about these issues in the presence of a parent or guardian, sibling, or intimate partner. Addressing confidentiality concerns is imperative because adolescents in need of health care services are more likely to forego care if there are concerns about confidentiality. Laws regarding confidentiality of care to minors vary by state, and health care professionals should be knowledgeable about current laws for their practice. Taking care to establish secure lines of communication can build trust with the patient and guardian, support continuity of care, ensure adherence to legal statutes, and decrease barriers to services. Obstetrician-gynecologists have the opportunity to serve as educators of parents and guardians about reproductive health issues. Preparing the office environment to include adolescent-friendly and age-appropriate reading materials, intake forms, and educational visual aids can make the general office space more inclusive and accessible. Resources should be provided for both the adolescent patient and the parent or guardian, if | 221939861 |
4,507,435 | possible, at the conclusion of the visit. This Committee Opinion has been updated to include gender neutral terminology throughout the document, counseling topics with direct links to helpful resources, screening tools with direct links, addition of gender and sexuality discussion, and inclusion of trauma-informed care. | 221939861 |
4,507,436 | A Historical Inquiry into the Appropriateness of the Term `Panic Disorder' Panic disorder was introduced in the standard psychiatric nosology with the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. The myriad of earlier medical and psychiatric names describing anxiety attacks and related conditions were all abandoned, being housed under the term `panic attack and panic disorder.' In this paper, the rationale and the appropriateness of this term are critically examined from a historical perspective. First, a brief historical account of anxiety that comes in the episodic form, and the medical and psychiatric terminology that emerged during the last two centuries regarding this condition, are presented. Next, the origins of the concept of panic as a collective or individual fear reaction are traced from a mythological and historical standpoint, up to its current, almost accidental, introduction into the official psychiatric diagnostic systems. Since the word `panic' has its roots in the Greek god Pan and the unpleasant states inflicted by him, this god is described, as well as St Gilles - also known as St Aegidios, the Athenian - the healing saint for those suffering from panic, horror and phobias. Finally, the current diagnostic features of panic disorder are systematically compared with the corresponding troubles inflicted on people by the mythical god Pan. It is concluded that the introduced term `panic' appropriately and successfully replaced the old ones. | 1041461 |
4,507,437 | Simultaneous determination of pyrethroid, organophosphate, and organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue using tandem solid-phase extraction clean-up A method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of pyrethroid, organophosphate, and organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue. Different extraction solvents and solid-phase extraction clean-up procedures were tested. The best approach was to extract by sonication with acetonitrile and 10% methanol, followed by clean-up of extracts using C18, Florisil and Na2SO4 tandem solid-phase extraction cartridges. Gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector was used for analyte determination. All 26 target pesticides were detected using the new method in a single analytical run. The method detection limits ranged from 0.13 to 1.40 µg/kg, while recoveries of the analytes ranged from 86.1 to 133.8% with relative standard deviations ≤12.1% at a spiked concentration of 5 µg/kg. The method was developed to assess possible pesticide contamination in fish collected from lakes at a proposed Illinois National Guard Armory site. | 95521211 |
4,507,438 | Enhancement of nitrosourea activity in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme. BACKGROUND Although chemotherapy offers promise of increased survival for children with medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme, drug resistance occurs frequently, resulting in tumor progression and death. Resistance to nitrosoureas and methylating agents, which damage DNA, can be mediated by a DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGAT). Depletion of this protein with alkylguanines or methylating agents, however, restores tumor cell sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of chloroethylnitrosoureas (e.g., carmustine [BCNU]). PURPOSE This study was designed to determine whether resistance to the activity of nitrosourea (the drug BCNU) in BCNU-resistant human medulloblastoma (D341 Med) and human glioblastoma multiforme (D-456 MG) can be reversed by the methylating agent streptozocin and the O6-substituted guanines O6-methylguanine and O6-benzylguanine. METHODS Xenografts were grown subcutaneously in athymic BALB/c mice. BCNU was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection at doses of 100 mg/m2, 75 mg/m2, or 38 mg/m2--i.e., 1.0, 0.75, or 0.38, respectively, of the dose lethal to 10% of treated animals (LD10). Mice were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of O6-benzylguanine or O6-methylguanine (240 mg/m2) or with streptozocin (600 mg/m2) daily for 4 days. Response was assessed by tumor growth delay and tumor regression. AGAT activity in the xenografts was measured at 1 and 6 hours after pretreatment, at the time tumors were excised. RESULTS Pretreatment with O6-benzylguanine, O6-methylguanine, or streptozocin reduced AGAT activity to 4%, 25%, and 95% of control values, respectively, in D341 Med and 0%, 0%, and 25% of control values, respectively, in D-456 MG 1 hour after injection. After 6 hours, | 41677561 |
4,507,439 | levels changed to 7%, 61%, and 116% of control values in D341 Med and 0%, 79%, and 21% of control values in D-456 MG, respectively. Both D341 Med and D-456 MG xenografts were completely resistant to BCNU at its LD10. Pretreatment with O6-benzylguanine increased BCNU sensitivity in both types of xenograft. In contrast, treatment with BCNU plus O6-methylguanine or streptozocin did not produce growth delays substantially different from those produced by BCNU alone, reflecting the more efficient depletion of AGAT by O6-benzylguanine. Following therapy with BCNU plus O6-benzylguanine at 0.38 LD10, tumor regressions were seen in eight of 10 D341 Med and in all 10 D-456 MG xenografts. CONCLUSION We recommend comprehensive clinical toxicologic evaluation of combination therapy with O6-benzylguanine plus BCNU, which would allow subsequent design of phase I clinical trials. | 41677561 |
4,507,440 | Phenacetin deacetylase activity in human liver microsomes: distribution, kinetics, and chemical inhibition and stimulation. Microsomal and cytosolic phenacetin deacetylase activities were examined in human liver and kidneys. Kinetic properties of the activities were also studied in human liver microsomes. Phenacetin deacetylase activity was predominantly localized in the liver microsomal fraction. The specific activities of phenacetin deacetylation in liver cytosol and in kidney microsomes and cytosol were all less than 5% of that in liver microsomes. In human liver microsomes, Eadie-Hofstee plots for phenacetin deacetylation were monophasic, indicating a single-enzyme catalytic reaction. The Michaelis-Menten parameters, K(m) and V(max), for the deacetylation were 4.7 mM and 5.54 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The intrinsic clearance, calculated as V(max)/K(m), was 1.18 microl/min/mg of protein. Although the organophosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid markedly inhibited the reaction in human liver microsomes, the activity has a tolerance to the treatment of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a serine hydrolase inhibitor. Prazosin, a peripheral alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist, noncompetitively inhibited the phenacetin deacetylation with a K(i) value of 19.0 microM. Flutamide, a nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist, stimulated the activity by up to 349%. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in the K(m) value and no change in the V(max) value, resulting in an increase in the intrinsic clearance by up to 700% of the control. These results suggest that the phenacetin deacetylase localized in human liver microsomes has not only a catalytic site but also a negative and/or positive modulation site or sites. | 22016411 |
4,507,441 | Simultaneous demonstration of membrane antigens and cytochemistry at ultrastructural level: a study with the immunogold method, acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase Summary. We describe a method for electron microscopy that combines myeloperoxidase or acid phosphatase cytochemistry with the labelling of cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold. This technique was tested in samples of normal mononuclear cells, leukaemic T cells with a mature or immature phenotype and an acute myeloid leukaemia. This method allows the demonstration at a single cell level of ultrastructural morphology, cytochemical reaction and the presence of a membrane antigen. It will improve further the analytic power of electron microscopy in the characterization of leukaemic cells particularly in cases of mixed leukaemias and in the study of normal haemopoietic differentiation with monoclonal antibodies. | 38763261 |
4,507,442 | Belief Update in Bayesian Networks Using Uncertain Evidence This paper reports our investigation on the problem of belief update in Bayesian networks (BN) using uncertain evidence. We focus on two types of uncertain evidences, virtual evidence (represented as likelihood ratios) and soft evidence (represented as probability distributions). We review three existing belief update methods with uncertain evidences: virtual evidence method, Jeffrey's rule, and IPFP (iterative proportional fitting procedure), and analyze the relations between these methods. This in-depth understanding leads us to propose two algorithms for belief update with multiple soft evidences. Both of these algorithms can be seen as integrating the techniques of virtual evidence method, IPFP and traditional BN evidential inference, and they have clear computational and practical advantages over the methods proposed by others in the past | 10297361 |
4,507,443 | Bis(perfluoroalkyl) phosphino-oxazoline: a modular, stable, strongly π-accepting ligand for asymmetric catalysis. A new class of stable, strongly π-accepting and modular bis(perfluoroalkyl)-phosphine-oxazoline ligands (FOX) as CO mimics was prepared. It was demonstrated that these ligands, when coordinated to palladium catalysts, promote the asymmetric alkylation of monosubstituted allyl substrates with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Solid and solution structure analysis of the FOX-ligated Pd-allyl intermediate reveals that the combination of relative steric and strong trans influences presented by the P(CF(3))(2) moiety gave rise to the excellent selectivity. | 6757121 |
4,507,444 | Association Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Polymorphisms and Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in the Finnish Population Alzheimer’s disease (AD), especially late-onset AD (LOAD), is a complex disease. To date, the only established genetic risk factor for LOAD is apolipoprotein E (APOE) Ε4, which explains partially the risk of the disease and modifies the age of onset. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates the transcription of BACE1 as well as inflammatory responses in the brain and atherosclerotic risk factors known to be involved also in AD. Based on these findings, the gene encoding PPARγ can be viewed as an interesting candidate in AD. We examined the effect of the two previously reported variants of PPARγ polymorphisms, the Pro12Ala and exon 6 C478T, on the risk of LOAD and age of onset in a population-based follow-up sample of aged subjects (125 LOAD patients and 462 non-demented controls). The genetic risk of AD was not significantly associated with the studied polymorphisms, but the PPARγ Ala12-478T genotype carriers were significantly younger at the onset of dementia than the non-carriers (p = 0.026). These results suggest that the PPARγ gene may modify the age of onset in LOAD. | 29021721 |
4,507,445 | Measuring the radiation bands of overhead power lines glass insulators In this paper the characteristics radiation of overhead power lines glass insulators is investigated. Two feeding possibilities are used to analyze the radiation effects. The first feeding point is placed on the cap of the insulator and the second one is connected to the pin. The reflection coefficient (S11) for two insulators covering the band of 30 MHz to 1 GHz was measured. The measurements were performed on insulators with different conservation states: one has a metal frame in good condition and the other one has both cap and pin parts rusted. The measured results show bands with good impedance matching (30 MHz to 200 MHz). The cleaned insulator reached S11 = -18.7 dB at 127 MHz while -10.87 dB at 121.2 MHz was obtained for the rusty insulator. These spectral bands can be used in the analysis of insulator's conservation state and its interference characteristics. | 482821 |
4,507,446 | Selection of Mixed Copula Model via Penalized Likelihood A fundamental issue of applying a copula method in applications is how to choose an appropriate copula function for a given problem. In this article we address this issue by proposing a new copula selection approach via penalized likelihood plus a shrinkage operator. The proposed method selects an appropriate copula function and estimates the related parameters simultaneously. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed penalized likelihood estimator, including the rate of convergence and asymptotic normality and abnormality. Particularly, when the true coefficient parameters may be on the boundary of the parameter space and the dependence parameters are in an unidentified subset of the parameter space, we show that the limiting distribution for boundary parameter estimator is half-normal and the penalized likelihood estimator for unidentified parameter converges to an arbitrary value. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed approach and the proposed method is used to investigate the correlation structure and comovement of financial stock markets. | 121913621 |
4,507,447 | Dynamic Deformation Measurements of an Aeroelastic Semispan Model. [conducted in the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center] The techniques used to acquire, reduce, and analyze dynamic deformation measurements of an aeroelastic semispan wind tunnel model are presented. Single-camera, single-view video photogrammetry (also referred to as videogrammetric model deformation, or VMD) was used to determine dynamic aeroelastic deformation of the semispan “Models for Aeroelastic Validation Research Involving Computation” (MAVRIC) model in the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center. Dynamic deformation was determined from optical retroreflective tape targets at 5 semispan locations located on the wing from the root to the tip. Digitized video images from a charge coupled device (CCD) camera were recorded and processed to automatically determine target image plane locations that were then corrected for sensor, lens, and frame grabber spatial errors. Videogrammetric dynamic data were acquired at a 60-Hz rate for time records of up to 6 seconds during portions of this flutter/Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) test at Mach numbers from 0.3 to 0.96. Spectral analysis of the deformation data is used to identify dominant frequencies in the wing motion. The dynamic data will be used to separate aerodynamic and structural effects and to provide time history deflection data for Computational Aeroelasticity code evaluation and validation. INTRODUCTION Video photogrammetry was used to measure dynamic deformation on the Models for Aeroelastic Validation Research Involving Computation semispan model (MAVRIC-I), a business jet wing-fuselage flutter model, in NASA Langley’s Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT). The overall objective of this test is to | 7954971 |
4,507,448 | provide benchmark validation data on a representative configuration that exhibits nonlinear, transonic aeroelastic response, specifically limit cycle oscillations and buffet onset. Instrumentation included unsteady pressure transducers, accelerometers, and strain gages. Computational aeroelastic analysis will be conducted as part of this research to assess and refine state-of-the-art design tools. The primary objective of this series of MAVRIC tests was to provide detailed experimental wind-tunnel data suitable for Computational Aeroelasticity (CAE) code evaluation and validation at transonic separation onset conditions. Unsteady pressures and wing responses were obtained for three wingtip configurations: clean, * Research Engineer, Member AIAA. † Research Engineer, Senior Member AIAA. ‡ Senior Research Engineer, Fellow AIAA. § Senior Research Engineer, Associate Fellow AIAA. Copyright 2001 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. No copyright is asserted in the United States under Title 17, U.S. Code. The U.S. Government has a royalty-free license to exercise all rights under the copyright claimed herein for Governmental Purposes. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. tipstore, and winglet. Traditional flutter boundaries were measured over the range of M = 0.6 to 0.9 and maps of Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) behavior were made in the range of M = 0.85 to 0.95. The dynamic pressure transducers provide time histories of the pressure distribution on the wing as it encounters the flutter or LCO phenomena. However, these pressures are directly dependent on the motion of the wing. Accurate measurement of the wing motion is a critical item when comparing the unsteady surface pressures with computed results. Modern | 7954971 |
4,507,449 | computational aeroelasticity programs are capable of simultaneously computing both the vehicle motion and dynamic loads on the vehicle. However, accurate simultaneous computation of these components is difficult for highly nonlinear problems such as LCO and it is very beneficial to be able to isolate the various components of the problem. This is where the videogrammetry data is of greatest use. Specifying the model motion using data obtained through the videogrammetric system, the issue of computing the model motion can be eliminated from the computational problem, and a direct comparison of computed and wind tunnel pressures can be performed. Researchers previously depended on strain gage and accelerometer data to estimate the wing motion. Videogrammetry provides a significantly more accurate and direct method for obtaining these data. The intent of this paper is to relate experiences using the videogrammetry technique in a large production wind tunnel for dynamic deformation measurements in order to aid potential users of the technique at the TDT and other facilities. Rather than presenting extensive deformation data, only representative data will be included. The data acquisition procedure and interaction with the facility data acquisition system will be described. This work is part of an overall effort to develop a dynamic model deformation measurement capability up to 1000 Hz. | 7954971 |
4,507,450 | Application of the solvent perturbation technique to the study of protein systems by luminescence and light-scattering spectrophotometry. The solvent perturbation technique was applied to the study of a membrane model consisting of lysozyme and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, in comparison with erythrocyte ghosts, in aqueous solutions supplemented with dimethyl-sulfoxide. By correlated fluorescence and light-scattering spectrophotometric determinations it was possible to demonstrate a nonmonotonous variation suggesting a phenomenon equivalent to a conformation transition. Such a transition was made evident by the direct action of the cis-[PtCl2(HN3)2]complex on the lysozyme--SDS system at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration and at a temperature of 40 degrees C. | 20022321 |
4,507,451 | LWIR hyperspectral micro-imager for detection of trace explosive particles Chemical micro-imaging is a powerful tool for the detection and identification of analytes of interest against a cluttered background (i.e. trace explosive particles left behind in a fingerprint). While a variety of groups have demonstrated the efficacy of Raman instruments for these applications, point by point or line by line acquisition of a targeted field of view (FOV) is a time consuming process if it is to be accomplished with useful spatial resolutions. Spectrum Photonics has developed and demonstrated a prototype system utilizing long wave infrared hyperspectral microscopy, which enables the simultaneous collection of LWIR reflectance spectra from 8-14 μm in a 30 x 7 mm FOV with 30 μm spatial resolution in 30 s. An overview of the uncooled Sagnac-based LWIR HSM system will be given, emphasizing the benefits of this approach. Laboratory Hyperspectral data collected from custom mixtures and fingerprint residues is shown, focusing on the ability of the LWIR chemical micro-imager to detect chemicals of interest out of a cluttered background. | 119839671 |
4,507,452 | Theoretical study of the 1:1 complexes between carbon monoxide and hypohalous acids. A theoretical study of the complexes formed between carbon monoxide, CO, and the hypohalous acids (HOX, X = F, Cl, Br, and I) has been carried out using DFT [M05-2x/6-311++G(2d,2p)] and ab initio methods [(MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ)]. Six minima were found, which correspond to two hydrogen-bonded complexes, two halogen-bonded complexes, and two van der Waals complexes. The hydrogen-bonded complexes with the carbon atom of the CO molecule are the most stable for hypohalous acids with X = F, Cl, and Br, whereas for X = I, the halogen-bonded complex with the same atom of carbon monoxide is the most stable. A blue shift in the stretching frequency of the OH bond in the hydrogen-bonded complexes with the carbon atom of CO was observed. In addition, a blue shift was observed in the bond of the hypohalous acid not involved in the interaction. | 37474771 |
4,507,453 | Visual Communication in Transition: Designing for New Media Literacies and Visual Culture Art Education Across Activities and Settings As an example of design-based research, this case study describes and analyses the enactment of a collaborative drawing and animation studio in a Singapore secondary school art classroom. The design embodies principles of visual culture art education and new media literacies in order to organize transitions in the settings of participation and interplay between the formality and informality of learning across these settings. The case report considers the process of co-design of a studio-based curriculum with one art educator and his perspectives on a curricular enactment with 39 students. Findings address challenges and opportunities associated with shaping social and technical innovations in schools and consider future studies. | 61363871 |
4,507,454 | Physical Design Tuning of RDF Stores RDF is a data model that allows to describe relationships between arbitrary entities in the form of subject-predicate-object. While representing data in such form is convenient, its efficient processing poses a number of challenges. Therefore, at present it is highly active research venue with lots of existing approaches. One of such approaches is based on characteristic sets. Essentially, it is a collection of records that describes an entity together with its properties. Usage of characteristic sets was shown to significantly speed up RDF query processing. In this paper we present a research proposal for a post-graduate project related to partitioning of tables obtained by characteristic set extraction. Our goal is to design a partitioning method that would be beneficial to processing of a such tables. In this report we survey existing RDF processing systems approaches, briefly describe our vision of partitioning approach and present a plan for further studies. | 52182621 |
4,507,455 | A unifying approach to hard and probabilistic clustering We derive the clustering problem from first principles showing that the goal of achieving a probabilistic, or "hard", multi class clustering result is equivalent to the algebraic problem of a completely positive factorization under a doubly stochastic constraint. We show that spectral clustering, normalized cuts, kernel K-means and the various normalizations of the associated affinity matrix are particular instances and approximations of this general principle. We propose an efficient algorithm for achieving a completely positive factorization and extend the basic clustering scheme to situations where partial label information is available. | 8452471 |
4,507,456 | Charge Distribution of Signal Peptides and Signal Anchor Type II Hydrophobic signal sequences, that is, signal peptides (SP) and type I and type II signal-anchor sequences (SA-1, SA-2), are responsible for secretion of mature proteins and translocation of Cterminal and N-terminal segments, respectively [1]. Almost all signal sequences show positively charged residues at their N-terminal end [2] . However, it is difficult to discriminate difference between SP and SA from the information of amino acid sequences alone, because those sequences have very similar characteristics [3] . Particularly, any clear sequence motif has not been reported so far in the C-terminal end region at which SP is cut off. Only so-called 1-3 rule has been reported, which postulates that small residues are usually observed at the position of -1 and -3 from the cleavage site of SP [3] . In this work, we have carried out comparative studies of the charge distribution of SP and SA type II and revealed significant helical periodicity of positive charge at the C-terminal end of SA type II. | 15505021 |
4,507,457 | Features of odontogenesis and expression of cytokeratins and tenascin-C in three cases of extraosseous and intraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst. To characterize further the nature of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), we studied histologically and immunohistochemically an extraosseous and two intraosseous lesions. The extraosseous COC was in continuity with the stratified squamous epithelium of the alveolar mucosa. Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies showed reactivity of both low- and high-molecular-weight cytokeratins, the degree of coexpression decreasing with the increasing morphological diversity of the cyst/tumour epithelium. Staining for the matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C was seen not only in the connective tissue, where its distribution patterns corresponded to the stage of hard tissue formation, but also in epithelial elements. The staining patterns were analogous to those described during normal tooth formation. Both the morphological characteristics and expression patterns of the various cytokeratin types and tenascin-C implied that COC represents a pathological counterpart of normal odontogenesis. In the case of the extraosseous COC, the correspondence could be traced back to early stages of tooth development. | 25947971 |
4,507,458 | Study on Mechanical Properties of Monel Porous Plate Used for Distributing Gas The porous plate is the key part for distributing gas in the fluidized bed, which is subjected pressure, tension and shear from flowing gas and material during work. The porous plate is required to have good mechanical properties. The Monel porous plate was prepared by the powder metallurgy process in this paper. Meanwhile, in order to obtain the status of compressive resistance and shear, the compressive property and the shear property were studied. The results showed that the compressive resistance yield strength was 143MPa and elastic modulus was 18.1GPa at the edge of porous plate. In the central part, the compressive resistance yield strength was 67 MPa, elastic modulus was 8.2GPa and elastic strain range was 3 %.The minimum shear strength was 116 MPa in edge and 87 MPa in the central. | 139377371 |
4,507,459 | Therapeutic abortion with concurrent sterilization: comparison of methods. Among patients seeking abortion are a group who request concurrent sterilization. This study compared three combinations of abortion and sterilization techniques. Suction termination with laparoscopic tubal ligation appears to be the combination of choice, for the mean hospital stay of patients undergoing this procedure was two days and the operative morbidity was 3.1%. For suction termination with tubal ligation at laparotomy, and hysterotomy with tubal ligation the mean hospital stays were 6 and 5.7 days respectively and the operative morbidity was four to five times greater. | 43670471 |
4,507,460 | Mountain medicine education in Europe. All educational programs in mountain medicine in Europe are presented with their history, evolution, and current status. A comparison and a summary of those programs, as well as an estimate of the number of doctors trained in mountain medicine, are offered. Special focus is put on new developments and subspecialty programs. All programs listed in the Union Internationale des Associations Alpinistes (UIAA) information papers and all programs known through different publications were contacted and asked to forward information about recent courses, materials from former courses, and program syllabi. This information was reviewed and different specific topics were developed in depth. There are 13 different programs in Europe offering medical education in mountain medicine: 3 in France; 2 each in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom; and 1 each in Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and The Netherlands. The duration of these courses varies from a long weekend to a full 3-week course with theoretical and practical instruction. At this moment, most programs still have different contents and structures, which are being standardized by the UIAA and the International Commission for Alpine Rescue Medical Commission (ICAR MEDCOM). At least 2600 doctors have had a first-contact course in high-altitude medicine, and at least 2000 have participated in a full course of 1 week of more. A large number of doctors in Europe have become acquainted with mountain medicine by participating in different medical education programs. These programs should be optimized and further specialized in the different areas of mountain medicine, including expedition, alpine, and rescue | 22168721 |
4,507,461 | medicine. | 22168721 |
4,507,462 | Lipotropes, immunocompetence, and cancer. Lipotropes (choline, methionine, folic acid, and vitamin B12) are required for normal metabolic function at the cellular and subcellular levels. Deficiencies of any or all of them to a point of influence on methyl group metabolism has a profound effect on synthesis of cellular macromolecules and on cell proliferation. Lipotrope deficiency results in a diminished immunocompetence and an increased susceptibility to a number of types of cancer in experimental animals. A challenge now being addressed is to identify the linkage between lipotropes, the immune system, and cancer and to determine mechanisms which can be useful in cancer prevention. | 7125171 |
4,507,463 | An Implementation of Mobile Sensing for Large-Scale Urban Monitoring The extent of human flow in the urban space has reached unprecedented levels, and is therefore the focus of the present study. Unlike common practice on urban monitoring which utilizes cameras or sensors, this research aims to introduce a new platform of urban analysis and monitoring by using mobile sensing to recognize urban behaviour. Population density and its moving pattern can thus be visualized from the usage of the mobile phone. The mobile sensing system is implemented on a web-based interface in order to maximize compatibility and interoperability. The aggregate mobile usages and antenna-mast positions are interpolated into griddensity surfaces. We then analyze urban patterns at a point of time to illustrate how people experience their city. Furthermore, the analytical results help to detect and to explain geographical ‘hot spots’ and clusterings of the unique characteristics of each urban space. Finally, we present visualizations of the results such as pseudo color and contour maps in order to demonstrate the urban dynamics. I.INTRODUCTION | 16086021 |
4,507,464 | VSC MTDC systems with a distributed DC voltage control - A power flow approach In this paper, a power flow model is presented to include a DC voltage droop control or distributed DC slack bus in a Multi-terminal Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC MTDC) grid. The available VSC MTDC models are often based on the extension of existing point-to-point connections and use a single DC slack bus that adapts its active power injection to control the DC voltage. A distributed DC voltage control has significant advantages over its concentrated slack bus counterpart, since a numbers of converters can jointly control the DC system voltage. After a fault, a voltage droop controlled DC grid converges to a new working point, which impacts the power flows in both the DC grid and the underlying AC grids. Whereas current day research is focussing on the dynamic behaviour of such a system, this paper introduces a power flow model to study the steady-state change of the combined AC/DC system as a result of faults and transients in the DC grid. The model allows to incorporate DC grids in a N-1 contingency analysis, thereby including the effects of a distributed voltage control on the power flows in both the AC and DC systems. | 45692221 |
4,507,465 | Low Cost ISR Development for Quadcopter Research organizations all over the world are finding and developing more and more application areas for UAV’s. The prominent areas where UAV’s have marked their presence include largely military, air force and upper atmosphere exploration. Presently the technology involved in military application Quadcopter is inaccessible and secret, thus in this paper attempt has been made t o develop such a UAV that has most of the functionality of a military grade UAV but can be constructed using off the shelf components. The emphasis is on development of low cost, reliable, accurate intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technology (ISR). The use of a specialized technology for control transmission will make it fail proof and snoop safe. The epilogue for the paper i s a complete comparison of a low level and high level off shelf technology and the concerned development platform. | 219991921 |
4,507,466 | Impact of Fuzzy Inference System for Improving the Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks – A Survey Several applications related to uncertainty problems are resolved by soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, PSO, Ant colony optimization, etc. Wireless sensor network applications deal mainly on real time applications. Clustering, routing, load balancing are the three main areas in WSN to reduce the energy consumption and also to enhance the network lifetime. There are several algorithms utilizing fuzzy logic for the above listed subareas to attain efficiency in the network lifetime. Few of those algorithms are analyzed in terms of fuzzy inputs, outputs, changes in rules and inference system types. In this survey paper, various clustering methods along with fuzzy logic concepts are discussed which helps to attain maximum network life time, scalability. Finally, all the parameters involved in fuzzy is compared for all the protocols to get overview of the fuzzy power in WSN. | 53281271 |
4,507,467 | A new reporter cell line for studies with proteasome inhibitors in Trypanosoma brucei A Trypanosoma brucei cell line is described that produces a visual readout of proteasome activity. The cell line contains an integrated transgene encoding an ubiquitin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion polypeptide responsive to the addition of proteasome inhibitors. A modified version of T. brucei ubiquitin unable to be recognized by deubiquitinases (UbG76V) was fused to eGFP and constitutively expressed. The fusion protein is unstable but addition of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin stabilizes it and leads to visually detectable GFP. This cell line can be widely used to monitor the efficiency of inhibitor treatment through detection of GFP accumulation in studies involving proteasome-mediated proteolysis, screening of proteasome inhibitors or other events related to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. | 196671921 |
4,507,468 | Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. A review of 137 cases. A series of 137 patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas were treated by transsphenoidal surgery during a 10-year period. Group A comprised patients for whom this surgery was the first therapeutic interventions, and Group B included those who underwent the surgery after previous therapeutic intervention. The results were analyzed considering preoperative and postoperative endocrinological, neurological, ophthalmological, and neuroradiological data. Remission was defined as clinical response and a normal postoperative GH level, and partial remission at clinical response and postoperative reduction of the GH level by more than 50%. Any other result was considered failure. The mean follow-up period was 37.1 months; follow-up review was achieved in all the patients. Among the 102 patients in Group A, remission was achieved in 80 (78%) patients with transsphenoidal surgery alone, and in an additional 16 (16%) after postoperative irradiation (combined response rate, 94%). All failures and patients with partial remission had preoperative GH levels of more than 50 ng/ml and suprasellar extension of the tumor. There were no deaths; 8% of patients had minor surgical morbidity; 5% had new hypopituitarism postoperatively. Of patients subsequently irradiated, 71% developed hypopituitarism. Among the 35 patients in Group B, remission was achieved in 26 (74%), partial remission was obtained in two (6%), and seven (20%) were considered treatment failures. There were no deaths, and the morbidity rate was 14%; 66% of patients had hypopituitarism postoperatively. Of the eight patients who had received prior irradiation only, seven (88%) went into | 25524421 |
4,507,469 | remission. All failures and partial responders had preoperative GH levels greater than 40 ng/ml; 56% had suprasellar extension. These results confirm the efficacy of the transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. | 25524421 |
4,507,470 | Fast Allocation Algorithms In this paper we consider polynomial-time algorithms for bin packing and their applications. The previously studied FIRST FIT and BEST FIT algorithms are shown to be special cases of a more generalized class of algorithms which all have similar worst case behavior. Linear time algorithms are then introduced which, though "faster" than FIRST FIT and BEST FIT, have the same, or better, worst case behavior. Finally, an improved polynomial-time algorithm is found for a problem of scheduling on multiprocessing systems, by treating this as a bin packing problem. | 46240521 |
4,507,471 | New sharks and other chondrichthyans from the latest Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of North America Abstract. Cretaceous aquatic ecosystems were amazingly diverse, containing most clades of extant aquatic vertebrates as well as an array of sharks and rays not present today. Here we report on the chondrichthyan fauna from the late Maastrichtian site that yielded the Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton FMNH PF 2081 (“SUE”). Significant among the recovered fauna is an unidentified species of carcharhinid shark that adds to the fossil record of this family in the Cretaceous, aligning with estimates from molecular evidence of clade originations. Additionally, a new orectolobiform shark, here named Galagadon nordquistae n. gen. n. sp., is diagnosed on the basis on several autapomorphies from over two-dozen teeth. Common chondrichthyan species found at the “SUE” locality include Lonchidion selachos and Myledaphus pustulosus. Two phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference) based on twelve original dental character traits combined with 136 morphological traits from a prior study of 28 fossil and extant taxa, posited Galagadon n. gen. in two distinct positions: as part of a clade inclusive of the fossil species Cretorectolobus olsoni and Cederstroemia triangulata plus extant orectolobids from the Maximum Parsimony analysis; and as the sister taxon to all extant hemiscyllids from the Bayesian Inference. Model-based biogeographical reconstructions based on both optimal trees suggest rapid island hopping-style dispersal from the Western Pacific to the Western Interior Seaway of North America where Galagadon n. gen. lived. Alternatively, the next preferred model posits a broader, near-global distribution of Orectolobiformes with Galagadon n. gen. dispersing into | 198159821 |
4,507,472 | its geographic position from this large ancestral range. | 198159821 |
4,507,473 | A survey for Yersinia enterocolitica in water from ponds, streams and wells in Northern Nigeria. Water samples obtained from 250 wells, 118 ponds and 34 streams around Zaria, Nigeria were cultured for Yersinia enterocolitica. All samples tested were negative for the microorganism. Water samples from the three sources experimentally inoculated with three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica allowed an initial multiplication followed by a progressive decline in population with increase in population paralleling increase in ambient temperature. Well water was most supportive of the organism but strain variability in survival was observed in water from the three sources. Stream, pond and well water may not be important in the epidemiology of Y. enterocolitica infections in animals and human beings in Northern Nigeria. | 2366421 |
4,507,474 | Sustainable human development in Upper Mesopotamia [hydropower project] The Southeastern Anatolia Project is a multi-sectoral, integrated and sustainable development project implemented in the southeastern part of Turkey. The objective of the Project is to minimize, in the medium term, inter and intra regional disparities in socio-economic development by raising the income and welfare levels of the people, and eliminate such disparities completely in the long term. The basic means to that end is the development of water, land and human resources in the basin of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, along with improvements in infrastructure and social services, With GAP, it is planned to construct 22 dams and 19 hydraulic power plants, open 1.7 million hectares of farm land to irrigation, and to generate employment for about 3.5 million people. The project encompassed not only physical investments to boost economic growth but also social services such as health and education which contribute to human development and other efforts in the fields of culture, tourism, communication, urban-rural infrastructure, sanitation and industry. | 167930921 |
4,507,475 | Refining environmental satellite data using a statistical approach The proposed approach in this article applies an efficient and novel statistical technique to accurately describe radiometric data measured by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). The corrected data set will then be applied to improve the strength of NOAA Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data set for the 1982- 2003 period produced from AVHRR. The GVI is used extensively for studying and monitoring land surface, atmosphere and recently for analyzing climate and environmental changes. The POES AVHRR data, though useful, cannot be directly used in climate change studies because of the orbital drift in the NOAA satellites over the lifetime of the satellites. This orbital drift causes inaccuracies in AVHRR data sets for some satellites. The main goal is achieved by implementing a statistical technique that uses an Empirical Distribution Function (EDF) to produce error free long-term time-series for GVI data sets. This technique permits the representation of any global ecosystem from desert to tropical forest and to correct deviations in satellite data that are due to orbital drifts and AVHRR sensor degradations. The primary focus of this research is to generate error free satellite data by applying the EDF technique for climatological research. | 54882221 |
4,507,476 | Solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of peptide-biphenyl hybrids as calpain inhibitors. [structure: see text] The combinatorial parallel synthesis of peptide-biphenyl hybrids on solid support using state of the art of peptide synthesis is reported. Key steps were the N to C addition of an amino moiety, hydrolysis of the methyl ester, and the absence of cross-linked compounds when the 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-biphenyl was incorporated. When tested for activity as calpain inhibitors, some of the compounds exhibited IC(50) values in the nanomolar range. | 27490521 |
4,507,477 | Carbon Cycling in Mangrove Ecosystem of Western Bay of Bengal (India) Carbon cycling in the mangrove ecosystem is one of the important processes determining the potential of coastal vegetation (mangroves), sediment, and adjoining waters to carbon absorption. This paper investigates the carbon storage capacity of five dominant mangrove species (Avicenia marina, Avicenia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpous granatum) on the east coast of the Indian mangrove along with the role they play in the carbon cycling phenomenon. Soil and water parameters were analyzed simultaneously with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Above Ground Carbon (AGC) values for 10 selected stations along. The total carbon (TC) calculated from the study area varied from 51.35 ± 6.77 to 322.47 ± 110.79 tons per hectare with a mean total carbon of 117.89 ± 28.90 and 432.64 ± 106.05 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The alarm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for reducing carbon emissions has been addressed by calculating the amount of carbon stored in biotic (mangroves) and abiotic (soil and water) compartments. This paper focuses on the technical investigations on the factors that control the carbon cycling process in mangroves. This blue carbon will help policymakers to develop a sustainable relationship between marine resource management and coastal inhabitants so that carbon trading markets can be developed, and the ecosystem is balanced. | 236265171 |
4,507,478 | Method and Mathematical Modeling of Formation of Gradually and Homogeneously Oriented Linear Polymers Previously, we developed several technical solutions for the conversion of isotropic polymers into materials of a new type—gradually oriented polymers with a gradient of physical and mechanical properties, thereby materializing for the first time the unused possibilities inherent in the polymeric nature of the substance. The scientific basis of these developments is the concept of a new structural state of linear polymers—a gradually oriented (stretched) state (GOS), the essence of which is set out briefly. An algorithm and a mathematical model for controlling the process of uniaxial, zonal stretching of linear polymers are proposed, which allow the formation of gradually or homogeneously oriented polymers (polymer composites). At the same time, specified values of quantitative parameters are ensured, in particular, the selected profile of distribution of the relative elongation (linear, sinusoidal, etc.) along the length of the gradually oriented polymer sample and the specified constant relative elongation along the length of the homogeneously oriented polymer. Mathematical expressions for calculating the conditions to obtain gradually oriented polymers with given geometric dimensions (length, width) and with a given distribution of relative elongation along the length of the resulting sample were also derived. The description of method and principles of operation of the appropriate device is given. Experimental data illustrating the possibilities of the proposed method and the efficiency of mathematical modeling are presented. The issues of creating functionally graded materials with a gradient of microstructure (gradient of degree of orientation/relative elongation) or chemical composition (volume fraction | 209464821 |
4,507,479 | of functional fillers), respectively, based on thermoplastic polymer/copolymer or polymer composite (containing functional fillers) by method of uniaxial, zonal graded stretching are discussed. | 209464821 |
4,507,480 | A note on reductions of ideals relative to an Artinian module The concept of reduction and integral closure of ideals relative to Artinian modules were introduced in [7]; and we summarize some of the main aspects now. Let A be a commutative ring (with non-zero identity) and let a, b be ideals of A. Suppose that M is an Artinian module over A. We say that a is a reduction of b relative to M if a ⊆ b and there is a positive integer s such that )O:Mabs)=(O:Mbs+l). An element x of A is said to be integrally dependent on a relative to M if there exists n y ℕ(where ℕ denotes the set of positive integers) such that It is shown that this is the case if and only if a is a reduction of a+Ax relative to M; moreover ᾱ={x ɛ A: xis integrally dependent on a relative to M} is an ideal of A called the integral closure of a relative to M and is the unique maximal member of ℘ = {b: b is an ideal of A which has a as a reduction relative to M}. | 123233471 |
4,507,481 | New insight on TDDB area scaling methodology of non-Poisson systems Non-Poisson area scaling behavior has long been observed in BEOL (Back End Of Line) and MOL (Middle Of Line) Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) reliability tests due to known variations across the wafer. Three different statistical models have been proposed to accurately account for this non-Poisson behavior. In this work, a new methodology for proper area scaling treatment is systematically studied by both experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. A more realistic and robust method is then proposed, for a more accurate reliability projection. | 19088571 |
4,507,482 | New properties of Bacillus subtilis succinate dehydrogenase altered at the active site. The apparent active site thiol of succinate oxidoreductases is dispensable for succinate oxidation. Mammalian and Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and E. coli fumarate reductase apparently contain an essential cysteine residue at the active site, as shown by substrate-protectable inactivation with thiol-specific reagents. Bacillus subtilis SDH was found to be resistant to this type of reagent and contains an alanine residue at the amino acid position equivalent to the only invariant cysteine in the flavoprotein subunit of E. coli succinate oxidoreductases. Substitution of this alanine, at position 252 in the flavoprotein subunit of B. subtilis SDH, by cysteine resulted in an enzyme sensitive to thiol-specific reagents and protectable by substrate. Other biochemical properties of the redesigned SDH were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. It is concluded that the invariant cysteine in the flavoprotein of E. coli succinate oxidoreductases corresponds to the active site thiol. However, this cysteine is most likely not essential for succinate oxidation and seemingly lacks an assignable specific function. An invariant arginine in juxtaposition to Ala-252 in the flavoprotein of B. subtilis SDH, and to the invariant cysteine in the E. coli homologous enzymes, is probably essential for substrate binding. | 6267371 |
4,507,483 | Persistence With and Adherence to Paliperidone Palmitate Once-Monthly Injection for Schizophrenia Treatment in China and Japan. Objective: To describe persistence with and adherence to paliperidone palmitate once-monthly injection (PP1M) compared to oral second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in patients with schizophrenia in real-world settings in China and Japan. Methods: Patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis (ICD-10: F20.x) who received oral or injectable antipsychotics from study start (China: January 1, 2012; Japan: January 1, 2014) until December 31, 2017, were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The first PP1M or oral SGA prescription date during the study period was defined as the index date. Eligible patients were followed up for up to 1 year after the index date. Persistence was measured from the index date until discontinuation or reaching 1 year. Adherence was assessed by calculating the proportion of days covered (PDC). Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results: The study cohorts comprised 44,266 patients from Japan and 7,564 and 5,189 patients, respectively, from 2 hospitals in China. The PP1M group showed consistently lower risk of discontinuation; adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs were 0.75 (0.72-0.90) (Japan), and 0.76 (0.68-0.84) and 0.65 (0.56-0.76) (China) compared to oral SGAs. The PP1M group also showed better adherence; adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were 1.61 (1.22-2.11) (Japan), and 1.92 (1.53-2.41) and 2.25 (1.58-3.23) (China). Conclusions: Persistence and adherence were significantly higher in PP1M users than in oral SGAs users across 3 databases comprising patients in 2 countries in Asia. | 245538621 |
4,507,484 | An implementation method for Arabic keyword tendency using decision tree Generally, keyword recurrences change over certain periods of time. Traditional approaches estimated classes (increasing, relatively constant and decreasing) that indicate keywords' attribute changes in a document over certain periods of time using a decision tree. Furthermore, all earlier approaches are based on keywords in English and French languages. Therefore, the extension of keywords to other languages such as Arabic could strengthen further researches in this domain. This paper introduces new method to extract Arabic keywords from corpora based on their recurrences changes in a document over given periods of time using a decision tree. The new approach is applied on new data set field (computer science) which makes it different to traditionally used methods. The comparison between the manually classified results and the evaluation of the decision tree results reveals that F-measures of decreasing, relatively constant and increasing classes were 0.811, 0.917, and 0.897 which indicates effectiveness of our method. | 220464621 |
4,507,485 | The Proverbial “Lesbian”: Queering Etymology in Contemporary Critical Practice [Lesbiazein] was a word in ancient times for ‘‘to defile.’’ Aristophanes in the Wasps : ‘‘She who already pollutes her drinking companions.’’ The infamous vice, which is performed with the mouth, called fellatio, I think, or irrumatio, is said to have originated with the people of Lesbos, and among them it was first of all something which women had to perform. The scholiast cites as witness to this Theopompus in his Ulysses : ‘‘Let me not speak aloud with my own lips of that ancient practice, that the vulgar prate about, which the Lesbians are said to have invented.’’ He also quotes the Troilus of Strattis: ‘‘Do not ever, O son of Jove, come to this point, / Leave this to the Lesbians and let them bid farewell to it.’’ . . . Aristophanes points to the same in the Women in Parliament : ‘‘But you seem to me to be the lambda of Lesbians,’’ alluding to the ordinary letter lambda, which is the first letter of both ‘‘Lesbians’’ and the obscene verb [leichazein, ‘‘to lick’’ ]. This, if I am not mistaken, is Greek for what the Latins called ‘‘performing fellatio.’’ The term remains of course, but I think the practice has been eliminated. (ERASMUS) | 161151721 |
4,507,486 | Ferricytochrome c encapsulated in silica nanoparticles: structural stability and functional properties. Using a modified sol-gel technique, we have succeeded in encapsulating ferric cytochrome c in silica nanoparticles obtained from hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetramethylorthosilicate. Particles dimensions have been determined with dynamic light scattering; this technique yields an hydrodynamic radius of about 100 nm, each nanoparticle containing about 10(2)-10(3) proteins. If stored in the cold at low ionic strength, nanoparticles are stable for more than one week, even if a slow radius increase with time is observed. CD measurements show that encapsulated proteins exhibit substantially increased stability against guanidinium hydrochloride induced denaturation. Reduction kinetics of encapsulated ferric cytochrome c by sodium dithionite, measured with standard stopped flow techniques, are slower by a factor of ten with respect to those measured in solution. Analogous experiments with myoglobin suggest that this slowing down is due to the diffusion time of dithionite within the silica matrix. Indeed, if a smaller ligand like CO is used, the intrinsic kinetic properties of encapsulated proteins are found to be unaltered even in the millisecond time range. The reported data show that our nanoparticles are extremely useful both for basic research, to study the stability and functions of encapsulated proteins, and for their potential biotechnological applications. | 42522171 |
4,507,487 | Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding for Online Pickup and Delivery Tasks The multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) problem has recently received a lot of attention. However, it does not capture important characteristics of many real-world domains, such as automated warehouses, where agents are constantly engaged with new tasks. In this paper, we therefore study a lifelong version of the MAPF problem, called the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem. In the MAPD problem, agents have to attend to a stream of delivery tasks in an online setting. One agent has to be assigned to each delivery task. This agent has to first move to a given pickup location and then to a given delivery location while avoiding collisions with other agents. We present two decoupled MAPD algorithms, Token Passing (TP) and Token Passing with Task Swaps (TPTS). Theoretically, we show that they solve all well-formed MAPD instances, a realistic subclass of MAPD instances. Experimentally, we compare them against a centralized strawman MAPD algorithm without this guarantee in a simulated warehouse system. TP can easily be extended to a fully distributed MAPD algorithm and is the best choice when real-time computation is of primary concern since it remains efficient for MAPD instances with hundreds of agents and tasks. TPTS requires limited communication among agents and balances well between TP and the centralized MAPD algorithm. | 278871 |
4,507,488 | Evidence of lower macular pigment optical density in chronic open angle glaucoma Background/aims Macular pigment (MP) plays an important role in visual function and in the protection of the retina from oxidative damage. It is not known whether glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve, is associated with alterations in MP. This study was designed to investigate the relationship, if any, between the optical density of MP optical density (MPOD) and glaucoma. Methods 40 subjects (23 males, 17 females) with open angle glaucoma (mean age 69 ±11), and 54 normal controls (23 males, 31 females) without ocular disease (mean age 66 ±11), visual acuity (VA) >6/18, were recruited, and underwent a comprehensive eye examination including biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, Goldmann tonometry and visual field assessment, using the 24-2 SITA-fast algorithm on the Humphrey visual field analyser (II-i Series). MPOD, at 0.5° of retinal eccentricity was determined, for all subjects, using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Results Median (IQR) MPOD for subjects with glaucoma was 0.23 (0.42) compared to 0.36 (0.44) for controls. The difference in MPOD between the glaucoma cases and controls was statistically significant (z=−2.158, p=0.031). There was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between MPOD and disease severity. Conclusions These findings suggest that MPOD is lower in patients with glaucoma. Further investigation is needed to determine the significance of MP in glaucoma, its relationship to glare symptoms in glaucoma and to assess what role therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing MP levels could have in the management of glaucoma. | 22962071 |
4,507,489 | Ensuring safety from COVID-19 in arthroscopic surgery In the current time of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, orthopedic procedures have been shelved and guidelines to establish the safety of medical professionals and patients are still evolving. Although sports injuries are not life threatening, a spectrum of these injuries requires urgent intervention. To ensure the safety of medical professionals and patients of sports injuries in COVID times, the following guidelines are suggested. Such surgery needs to be performed only in COVID-free facility (green zone). Patients from red zone and containment zone should be avoided. Young, fit individuals without medical comorbidities should be considered. Wherever possible, regional anesthesia should be used. As COVID virus is present in all body fluids, aerosol generation (coughing, sneezing, intubation, use of power instruments, and cautery) should be minimized. Operation theater (OT) should be fumigated on the prior night and ideally between the cases. The number of cases per OT should be kept under three to get adequate time in-between for sterilization. The ventilation setup of OT should be negative pressure in addition to positive pressure. If there are hindrances in setting up negative pressure, a simple exhaust can be added to the existing setup. The ventilation system should ideally provide more than 20 air changes per hour. During surgery, movement of doors of OT and OT personnel should be minimal so as to minimize the air turbulence and eddy current. This will reduce the risk of infection. Surgical team should wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and helmet hood to reduce the chances of | 245495621 |
4,507,490 | respiratory droplet infection. The doffing of helmet and PPE should be done with utmost care and should be discarded in a chloro-derivate solution. The motorized drill used for surgical procedure should be used at low revolution per minute (RPM). Usage of sterile transparent polythene hood while irrigating during drilling and sequential drilling will help in minimizing aerosol generation. Spillage of arthroscopic fluid should be avoided at all times. These basic norms will minimize the chance of accidental spread of COVID. | 245495621 |
4,507,491 | The calculation of structural, elastic and phase stability properties of minerals using first principles techniques: A comparison of HF, DFT and Hybrid functional treatments of exchange and correlation We benchmark the performance of four treatments of electron exchange and correlation in the prediction of structural and elastic properties of a range of minerals. The treatments used are the Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) to the density functional theory (DFT) and Becke's three parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP). We find that the hybrid functional, B3LYP method yields computed elastic properties in significantly better agreement to experiment than HF or DFT-LDA and performs at least as well, if not better than the most successful DFT-GGA functionals. We suggest that B3LYP is a simple, reliable and computationally efficient tool for the ab initio simulation of mineral systems. | 96876821 |
4,507,492 | Is the Combination of Morphine with Ketamine Better than Morphine Alone for Postoperative Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia? BACKGROUND:The addition of ketamine to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is supported by previous basic and clinical research, but has been challenged by subsequent negative studies. Important limitations of previous studies are the low number of patients analyzed, the use of morphine-ketamine combinations that may not the optimal, and that not all the relevant outcomes have been analyzed. In this study, we compared the combination of morphine and ketamine with morphine alone for postoperative PCA in large patient groups. We used a morphine-ketamine combination identified by an optimization procedure in our previous study. METHODS:After major elective orthopedic surgery, 352 patients received either PCA with morphine bolus 1.5 mg (Group M, n = 176) or a bolus of morphine plus ketamine 1.5 mg each (Group MK, n = 176) in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Unsatisfactory treatment was defined as the occurrence of either inadequate analgesia or unacceptable side effects. In addition, total consumption of PCA drugs, duration of PCA use, direct medical costs, and number of patients with chronic postoperative pain 3 and 6 mo after operation were recorded. RESULTS:The incidence of unsatisfactory treatment was 33.0% in Group M and 36.9% in Group MK (P = 0.50). No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to secondary end points. CONCLUSIONS:Small-dose ketamine combined with morphine for PCA provides no benefit to patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery and cannot be recommended for routine use. | 23479721 |
4,507,493 | The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and mental health. The findings presented here suggest that mercury poisoning from dental amalgam may play a role in the etiology of mental illness. Comparisons between subjects with and without amalgam showed significant differences in subjective reports of mental health. Subjects who had amalgams removed reported that symptoms of mental illness lessened or disappeared after removal. The data suggest that inorganic mercury poisoning from dental amalgam does affect the mind and emotions. | 5888871 |
4,507,494 | Flat ontology and geography Human geographers are increasingly drawing upon a range of philosophical positions that espouse a more or less flat ontological approach for theorising a range of phenomena. These approaches differentiate between entities in terms of degree rather than kind in order to avoid essentialist, hierarchical or binary modes of thought. To achieve this, they understand the differences between entities as relational. Building upon these perspectives, this article offers a flat ontology that differentiates between things according to their form, which can be identified through a process of de-determination. The concepts of form and de-determination offer a supplement to existing flat ontological approaches by accounting for the difference of entities in terms of where their qualities begin and end as well as their location within a particular set of relations. To demonstrate how the concept of form and de-determination can be applied, I turn to the example of the legal and regulatory debates in the US around the difference between semi-automatic and automatic weapons that have arisen through the development of bump stocks: weapon accessories that allow semi-automatic rifles to mimic fully automatic fire. | 225552721 |
4,507,495 | Class Incremental Learning for Video Action Classification Class Incremental Learning (CIL) is a hot topic in machine learning for CNN models to learn new classes incrementally. However, most of the CIL studies are for image classification and object recognition tasks and few CIL studies are available for video action classification. To mitigate this problem, in this paper, we present a new Grow When Required network (GWR) based video CIL framework for action classification. GWR learns knowledge incrementally by modeling the manifold of video frames for each encountered action class in feature space. We also introduce a Knowledge Consolidation (KC) method to separate the feature manifolds of old class and new class and introduce an associative matrix for label prediction. Experimental results on KTH and Weizmann demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. | 238622571 |
4,507,496 | Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of Neurotoxin-II to the brain with intranasal administration: an effective strategy to improve antinociceptive activity of Neurotoxin Background: Neurotoxin-II (NT-II), an analgesic peptide which was separated from the venom of Naja naja atra, is endowed an exceptional specificity of action that block transmission of the nerve impulse by binding to the acetylcholine receptor in the membrane. However, it has limited permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after intravenously (i.v.) injection. Methods: In this study, we explored the potential application of nanoparticles overcoated with polysorbate 80 (P-80-NP) as drug carrier system for the nasal delivery of NT and the antinociceptive properties of NT-loaded P-80-NP (NT-P-NP) were also evaluated. Results: The brain delivery of NT-II could be enhanced with nanoparticles coated with polysorbate-80 through intranasally (i.n.) administration. Compared with NT-II solution, NT-P-NP exhibited sustained release in vitro and higher concentrations of NT-II in the brain. The antinociceptive animal testing also revealed that intranasal delivery of NT-loaded nanoparticle coated with polysorbate-80 were able to promote better biodistribution of the drug into the brain. Conclusion: The nanoparticles overcoated with polysorbate-80 were capable of transporting the loaded drug across the BBB after intranasal administration. | 43200221 |
4,507,497 | Development of European cluster initiatives: stakeholders' contribution and enrolment This study investigated how cluster initiatives' members contribute to cluster initiatives concerning tasks as well as what dependency patterns exist between maturation level and enrolment of members in these organisations. The content of the work is considered as crucial for organisational functioning and development. The findings are based on survey responses from 136 (53% response rate) cluster initiatives from eight European countries. The results show that, first, all members contribute to initiatives' development by performing strategic, operational tasks, and provision of resources. Each member tends to focus more on one task than the others that are delegated. Second, two factors influence enrolment of new members in cluster initiatives: age and presence of other influential members. The more mature cluster initiatives become the more networks and established organisational attributes it will have. This reflects longevity of the initiative and good-quality, intermediary assistance, which are attractive for potential members. | 226920371 |
4,507,498 | Mechanism of action of fibrates. Fibrates are effective in hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. They affect both triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich particles and have at least four separate modes of action. These include limitation of substrate availability for triglyceride synthesis in the liver; promotion of the action of lipoprotein lipase; modulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor/ligand interaction and stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport. Studies of LDL metabolism suggest the existence of two separate catabolic pathways involving the LDL receptor and scavenger mechanism(s). The former route is anti-atherogenic; the latter pro-atherogenic. At low triglyceride levels, the fractional clearance of LDL by the receptor is high. The action of fibrates is to promote the secretion of LDL which is cleared by a receptor-mediated mechanism. Catabolism of this fraction increases from 40% of the plasma pool per day in untreated to 60% per day in treated subjects. By activating lipoprotein lipase, fibrates also reduce the amount of small dense LDL, the fraction which is most likely to generate peroxidation products. Hence, fibrates stimulate LDL receptor-dependent clearance mechanisms and reduce the amount of LDL available for oxidation. | 7299651 |
4,507,499 | Clinically controlled comparative study of suprofen, pentazocine, and placebo. Experience with intramuscular single doses. Analgesic effect and tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200 mg were compared with pentazocine 30 mg and placebo in 88 patients in moderate to severe postoperative pain. The trial was designed as a randomized single-blind study; the test drugs were in single doses (1 ml ampuls) administered by deep intragluteal injection in the upper outer quadrant. The test population was homogeneous as to anamnestic data; the initial intensity of pain was comparable in all three groups. Statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed that at the rating times 30 min to 3 h suprofen was statistically significantly superior to placebo, while after 2 h it was significantly superior to pentazocine. The investigator's final global appreciation of effectiveness states moderate to good effect in 86% of the patients on suprofen, 76% of those on pentazocine, and 63% of the subjects on placebo. Significant difference existed only between suprofen and placebo. Systemic tolerability was considered good to very good in 97% of the subjects in all three treatment groups, whereas local tolerability was considered poor in 2 patients (6.9%) in the group on suprofen. There were no significant differences between the medications. Two subjects each on suprofen and pentazocine and 1 patient on placebo experienced side effects. | 39409401 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.