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30 - Purpose of Note Taking - Note Taking at its core is an answer to the problem of a restricted human memory system. We do not have the time nor attention span to properly encode and store all the information we think will be important. So we make a note of it, with the intention of referencing it later on after we’ve forgotten the details.
Future reference is the classical use of note taking, whereby the note acts a form of external memory. In its most simplest form, it is offloading a piece of information onto a sticky note so that you don’t have to keep it looping in your short term memory. It serves as a reminder. More permanent notes helps with information that you want to be able to access much later, similar to long term memory.
Over time we moved from private note collections to public versions due to an infoglut in medieval society. People started curating information and offering summaries of worthwhile information in the form of reference books. You see the modern equivalent in websites such as Blinkist.
Notes as a form of External Structure Building - Eventually readers such as Luhmann were looking to get more out of there notes than mere referencing. He did this through the creation of a linking system in a physical note collection. When you introduce linking into a system, it allows for information to be connected and form a structure. For example, neurons link together in your brain to make a structure that takes the form of a “small world network”. Luhmann was building a structure (network of notes) that represented “the entire spectrum of social phenomena” through a grand theory of society (Schmidt, 2018). | <urn:uuid:01592683-6a43-44c0-a25f-fca0d542685b> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://forum.obsidian.md/t/obsidian-zettelkasten/1999/36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178357641.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20210226115116-20210226145116-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.937793 | 342 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Recent far-reaching changes have resulted in greater autonomy for universities, and greater compatibility with other institutions in Europe.
Modern Spanish history is defined by the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s, and the subsequent dictatorship of Francisco Franco until his death in 1975. The period since then has been marked by a peaceful transition to democracy and dynamic economic growth. A former world power whose extensive overseas empire had dwindled by the early 1800s, Spain is now divided into 17 regions with varying degrees of autonomy; tension in the northern Basque region, over which separatists have killed hundreds, is ever present. The art, music, and dance of the Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula – where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Mediterranean Sea, where Europe meets Africa – are known the world over.
The climate in Spain is incredibly diverse. It is largely affected by its altitude and the surrounding sea. Spain is one of the most mountainous counties in Europe and has two oceans (the Mediterranean and Atlantic) on both sides of it. There is also a huge difference between the northern and southern climate.
Spanish summers can get very hot, especially inland. The average temperatures are at least 30°C. Coastal areas enjoy cool breezes that bring temperatures down to a more bearable level. During the summer there's an average 11/12 hours of sunshine per day and it hardly rains at all.
Autumn is a great time to visit Spain; the landscape gets green again, the sea stays warm and average air temperatures can still reach up to 28 °C. It's only in November that temperatures drop to around 20 °C. Heading towards the winter, as the hour changes, daily sunshine reduces substantially.
During the winter, coastal temperatures hover at about 17 °C. Although sunny and warm during the day, it can feel very cold at night. Inland, it gets much colder, especially in mountainous areas like Granada.
Late spring, in anticipation of summer, is a magical time in Spain. As the days get longer, we get warm settled weather, with average temperatures rising to about 21 °C inland and about 24 °C on the Southern coast. There's an average of 11 hours sun per day.
Overview of Higher Education
The system of higher education in Spain has recently undergone far-reaching changes that have resulted in greater autonomy for universities and greater compatibility with other institutions in Europe. The country has 67 universities in all, 49 of which are public, 14 of which are private, and four of which are Roman Catholic.
The country, in accordance with the Bologna Process, has introduced a credit-based system of study. University degrees are divided into three so-called cycles. The first cycle, roughly equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, encompasses three years of study that results in a diplomado or diplomatura. The second cycle, study for which lasts between three and five additional years, results in degrees (licenciado, licenciatura) tantamount to a master’s. The third cycle, or doctorate, requires another three years of research.
Some 1.4 million students were attending postsecondary institutions in 2006.
(Sources: BBC, The Europa World of Learning, Spainedu.org)
Number of Colleges, Universities, Technical Institutes
Number of Colleges, Universities, and Technical Institutes (total): 218
Number of Higher Education Students
Number of students enrolled: 1,789,000
Number of international students enrolled: 18,206
Ministry of Education
C / Alcalá, 36, 28071, Madrid 28071 Madrid, Spain
Web site: http://www.educacion.es/portada.html
Phone: 902 21 85 00
Contact: Ángel Gabilondo Pujol, Minister of Education | <urn:uuid:1f7fe7eb-a3d5-4c1e-8cd4-5b0003a8ddba> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://chronicle.com/academicDestination/Spain/54/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246639325.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045719-00056-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939529 | 776 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Batavia will celebrate its bicentennial year in 2014, and The Clermont Sun is publishing a series of historic vignettes. Author Katy Kleinwatcher, a Batavia resident, is majoring in history at the University of Cincinnati. Material from this column was the basis of submission of the Duckwall Home on the National Register of Historic Places.
By Katy Kleinwachter
Batavia Village has a rich history, dating back to the late 18th century. Ezekiel Dimmitt was the first settler along East Fork in 1797. Dimmitt bought 1,000 acres of land for a mere $2.50 per acre from General William Lytle. He then sold part of that land to George Ely, founder of Batavia. Ezekiel’s grandson, John Wesley Duckwall, built a home on the property of the current 333 W. Main Street in Batavia in 1855.
Ezekiel Dimmitt’s grandfather, William Dimmitt, was born in England in the late 17th century and traveled to Virginia by the mid-18th century. William’s son, John, was born between 1722 and 1751, and he lived the majority of his life in Jefferson County, Virginia. John and his wife, Rhonda St. Clair, had their son Ezekiel on Nov. 13, 1773, in Halifax, Virginia.
Ezekiel Dimmitt traveled to the Ohio Valley and settled in 1797. He assisted in building the Methodist Church in 1817, the courthouse in 1805, and the jail in Batavia; the courthouse and jail were originally log buildings.
Ezekiel and his wife, Phoebe Gest, had a daughter, Keziah, born around 1789. Keziah married Daniel Duckwall, and they had eight children, including John Wesley, who was the owner of this magnificent home.
The Duckwall family tree is extensive. Daniel Duckwall, John’s father, was born, to George Frederick Duckwall, Jr., and his wife, Rachel Dimmitt Duckwall, on March 9, 1789. Daniel was one of 10 children. George Frederick, Jr.’s, father, George Frederick, Sr., was born in 1725 in England and arrived in Mannheim, Pennsylvania, in 1737 with his father, Rudolph Duckwall, who was born in 1696.
Daniel Duckwall bought 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, Ezekiel, and named it “Duckwall Bottoms.” When he died on July 20, 1849, Daniel split up the property among his four sons, George Washington, Moses Henry, Ezekiel Dimmitt, and John Wesley. Of the houses built by the four brothers, only John Wesley and Ezekiel Dimmitt’s remain standing.
The style of John’s house is an Italianate. The first thing you will probably notice about the house (in 2013) is its color. It is a “Painted Lady,” with a yellow base, orange linings, and blue and green details, as on the brackets. The previous colors had been more neutral tan and white, with red and dark blue details.
Some giveaways of the style of the house are the paired brackets holding up the eaves, the bay window with single-hung windows in the front room, and the cupola topped with finials in the center of the front facade. Another Italianate characteristic featured in this building are the lintels above the windows, which also have single brackets on each side. The house has a stone foundation, wooden clapboard siding, a front gable on the front facade, and side gables in the back. Most of the windows are the original glass, which shows in the wavy look.
Many other houses in the village are of the same period, but are less prominent. This house is on a hilltop overlooking the outskirts of Main Street. John’s house is much different from his brother Ezekiel’s house. Ezekiel’s house, which is right down the street, is more of a classical styled house with a front gable evenly dividing the roof. The front facade of Ezekiel’s house is symmetrical, which is rarely found in the Italianate style of John’s house. John’s house is more imposing than other houses in the village, which generally are tightly packed on lined streets and are much smaller.
This building is historically significant based on the National Register’s criteria of important people and of significant architecture.
The family’s ties to Ezekiel Dimmitt are the beginning of the consequence of the Duckwall family to the village of Batavia. The head of the home, John W. Duckwall, was the treasurer of the Agricultural Society of Clermont County, and he was on the Board of School Directors. John and his brothers had the J.W. Duckwall & Bros. Coal and Lumberyard near the village. Architecturally, this home is significant owing to its age of over 150 years, the large scale of the home and the original flooring, windows and fireplaces within the home.
A part of the house that says something about the family and the time it was built is the hidden stairs from the kitchen to the upstairs bedrooms. Servants used this stairway to go upstairs to tend to the children, while staying out of sight of the main hallway.
When the house was built, it was a homestead as well as a working farm. It has also been used as a family home and a variety of doctors and working offices. The current use is an animal hospital, and it has had that function for almost the past 10 years.
There was a dime from 1834, 21 years before the Duckwall home was built, found on the property.
The Duckwall family’s cemetery is not located on this exact plot of land, but is not far away, near Elk Lick Road.
Although the property used to be much larger, the many changes of at least eight owners in the past 20 years, the current one-acre property has stayed quite the same. This property can tell a lot about the period of the people living in this part of the county, about the people of their social class and about the development of the daily life and village of Batavia. | <urn:uuid:79f04b28-afa5-47c1-aaaf-01a6ebfd24e8> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://clermontsun.com/2013/12/27/bicentennial-batavia-a-rich-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783398628.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154958-00044-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976518 | 1,313 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What exactly is happiness? Am I happy? Are the people around me happy? Fyodor Dostoevsky worked: “A man is unhappy because he does not know he is happy.”
Happiness… we all want it; for most of us, it is the meaning of life… ..to be happy. However, how we experience happiness and achieve it is very different and subjective. Precisely because of this, we can say that happiness has different definitions. The definition of happiness that we know is this: “Happiness is a state of mind characterized by love, joy, and contentment.” If we listen to philosophers, happiness is “a state of complete satisfaction and absence of all desire.” Is that really so? Happiness is relative; even great thinkers interpret it in their own way. The United Nations has declared March 20, the first day of spring, as the International Day of Happiness to emphasize the importance of happiness and prosperity for us humans.
Explanations of Happiness
Let’s go a little over the history of the interpretation of happiness or the description of happiness. We will find out how different opinions were about it. Greek philosophers, for example, believed that you come to happiness through moral action. This means that virtues such as reason, justice, and modesty should lead a person to a state of bliss, contentment, and happiness. Epicurus (the Greek philosopher after whom his philosophical system is named) believed that enjoyment on earth was the greatest good. This is what people should strive for and subordinate to all other values. The greatest evil is pain, and it is imperative to avoid it.
Am I Happy According to the Christian Definition of Happiness?
Medieval Christianity believed that happiness is unnecessary and that we experience true happiness in the afterlife, that is, after death, when we become closer to God. But this happiness also depends on how we have earned it during our lifetime. This means that happiness “in this world” is irrelevant to Christianity. Only the deeds bring us post-mortem bliss and happiness… and paradise. Modern Christianity, however, believes that heaven and hell reflect the state of the human soul, which built them for life and earned them, either by good deeds such as goodness, justice, and mercy or by bad ones. When we look at these principles, it is clear that all people strive for happiness, regardless of obstacles in life. The greatest virtue in Christianity is love, and happiness is subordinate to it, which means that it is not happiness that is most important but that we love someone. Christianity also explains that bonding to material things that we believe will bring us happiness is meaningless and does not allow us to do so in the long run. Only love for others, and God makes us happy.
Some Thoughts of Philosophers About Happiness
If we take a look at the thoughts of philosophers: Immanuel Kant believes that happiness is not the most important human value but the fulfillment of the moral law… which brings him very close to Christian philosophy. According to him, this would mean that if we had to choose between personal happiness and moral requirements, the latter would be more critical, even if they would not bring us a sense of happiness.
The Buddha, however, said that the cause of our unhappiness, unrealistic desires, and unacceptable suffering, when we stop attaching ourselves to material goods and things, we will stop suffering and become happy. This sentence has some truth, but… we cannot live without desires, even if they make us unhappy. Just what a life it would be… without desire.
In Greek mythology, the god of fortune was Kairos (which means “right moment”), who was the youngest son of Zeus. He is portrayed as a naked young man who moves quickly and inaudibly among people and, at the same time, allows them to touch him. He who tries and succeeds will be happy. Kairos invites people to courageous deeds and, therefore, the “right moment” because it is lost forever if you do not touch it when you have the opportunity. So… happiness is not always a matter of fate, but it depends on ourselves… whether we dare to capture the “right moment” or prefer to miss it. And one more thing… .. we can’t always be happy. If we were always happy, we would not know how to devote ourselves to any other feeling.
How Do I Recognize Am I Happy?
Is this a moment you need to know how to recognize? We are happy when we fall in love when we graduate, when we get married, and when our child is born. Some are happy when their bank account increases; the higher the sum, the happier they are. However, this moment does not last forever, it fades, and only satisfaction remains. And what we then feel every day is not happiness; it is satisfaction. However, because we currently live in a world where it is essential that you are happy in every way, and therefore we seek it, we forget about other people and their needs. Because we are so narcissistically focused only on our pursuit of happiness, we are very superficial in genuine contact with other people. In this way, our happiness will be short-lived. Because loving someone, we respect them is definitely part of our happiness. And happiness is black and white… in addition to white, there must also be black. Fortunately, there is no recipe or formula; it all depends on us. We cannot and should not expect to be always happy or to be made happy by others. In this way, we become frustrated and unhappy.
Am I happy? Do I love someone?
If we want to be happy, we must first love each other; we must not have unrealistic desires and expect others to appreciate us more if we do this and that. This is not right; let’s prefer values that mean a lot to us… of course, material goods are also essential… we just can’t do without them. But it is not the most important thing that we put all our work and effort into expensive cars to be happy. And sometimes, very little is enough to make us happy and content… we just have to pay attention to it. Happiness is our choice, so let’s be careful.
“Happiness requires freedom; freedom requires courage” (Author unknown) | <urn:uuid:11acb79f-53b7-4daa-ad13-b54cd0e4dd9b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://weddingincana.com/am-i-happy-what-exactly-is-happiness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100399.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202105028-20231202135028-00458.warc.gz | en | 0.966351 | 1,309 | 2.765625 | 3 |
If you are teaching Egyptian history to students, it can be difficult to retain their attention without providing them with interactive projects. One activity that will capture your students attention, and will inspire them to study Egyptian culture on their own, is to create a traditional Egyptian house. To make an Egyptian house, it is important to abide by a series of steps that will ensure that the dwelling will resemble one that an ancient Egyptian would have lived in.
Cut nine pieces of cardboard. Cut one piece to measure 6 inches wide by 8 inches long (15 by 20 cm), which will be the base. Cut two pieces to measure 4 inches wide by 6 inches long (10 by 15 cm), which will be the roof and back of the first floor. Cut two pieces to measure 4 inches wide by 4 inches long (10 by 10 cm), which will be the sides of the first floor. Cut two pieces to measure 2 inches wide by 4 inches long (5 by 10 cm), which will be the roof and back of the top floor. Cut two pieces to measure 1 inch wide by 2 inches long (2.5 by 5 cm), which will be the sides of the top floor.
Tape the piece together using masking tape.
In a bowl, combine two cups (250g) of flour and one cup (240ml) of water. Mix well with a spoon.
Spread the mixture over the entire structure.
Allow the Egyptian house structure to air dry before displaying it. | <urn:uuid:1b2ebc1e-cdbb-42ee-b6de-6fff2d4efffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_6749856_make-egyptian-house.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864148.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621114153-20180621134153-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.96561 | 299 | 3.484375 | 3 |
In early March, the American Heart Association (AHA) took an important step forward to say that someone’s psychological health could be a factor in their risk for heart disease.
These negative psychological health behaviors include smoking, lower levels of physical activity, unhealthy diet, being overweight and not taking medications as prescribed. In fact, stress can increase someone’s risk of dying from heart disease by 40%, according to the statement authors.
In their abstract, the authors say: “As clinicians delivering health care, we are very good at treating disease but often not as good at treating the person. The focus of our attention has been on the specific physical condition rather than the patient as a whole. Less attention has been given to psychological health and how that can contribute to physical health and disease.”
This is an ongoing problem that has persisted for years, and yet very little has been done in the realm of mainstream medicine to remedy it. However, the AHA is taking its first steps at publicly recommending how to screen for, and ultimately improve, the psychological health of patients with and at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
VIDEO: How Omega-3s Help Anxiety
The statement authors summarized their findings in 6 ways. First, they believe psychological health is an important component of wellness/well-being for patients with or at risk for CVD. Second, they said the mind, heart, and body are all interconnected and interdependent in a relationship that can be called the mind-heart-body connection. They also pointed out that there is a substantial body of good-quality data showing clear associations between psychological health and CVD and risk. And going a step further, that there is increasing evidence that psychological health may be causally linked to biological processes and behaviors that contribute to and cause CVD.
On the bright side, studies have found positive psychological health associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Positive psychological health characteristics include happiness, optimism, gratitude, sense of purpose, life satisfaction and mindfulness. “The data is consistent, suggesting that positive psychological traits play a part in better cardiovascular health,” said Levine.
BLOG: How is the Omega-3 Index Connected to Depression?
People with positive psychological health were also more likely to have health factors linked to a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, such as
- lower blood pressure;
- better glucose control;
- less inflammation; and
- lower cholesterol.
So how can clinicians start helping patients? The authors said simple screening measures can be used by health care clinicians for patients with or at risk for CVD to assess psychological health status, and that consideration of psychological health is advisable in the evaluation and management of patients with or at risk for CVD.
How Nutrition Can Play a Role in Optimizing Mind-Body-Heart Health
We’ve discussed the heart and mind connection before, especially as it relates to feeding the heart and brain the nutrition they need. So it comes as no surprise that omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are supported by thousands of studies in both of these areas.
A late 2019 study published in World Psychiatry pointed out how strong the connection is between diet and mental health. According to researchers, we all have the ability to control the foods that impact our mood. And if we could focus on the ones that deliver nutrients shown in research to benefit our mental health most, then we could be well on our way to preventing and even treating some of these disorders down the road.
And the earlier in life, the better. Trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle at 60 years old is a lot different than incorporating healthy habits at 30. By the time you arrive at 60 it is very difficult to reverse a lot of the damage that has been done a result of poor nutrition and bad habits.
BLOG: Getting Enough Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Food
Back to the World Psychiatry study. The team at Sydney’s NICM Health Research Institute conducted the world’s largest review (a meta-synthesis) of top-tier evidence, examining 33 meta-analyses of randomized control trials (RCTs) and data from nearly 11,000 people with mental health disorders, including depression, stress and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Although the majority of nutritional supplements assessed did not significantly improve mental health, the researchers found strong evidence that certain supplements are an effective additional treatment for some mental disorders, supportive of conventional treatment.
All nutrient supplements were found to be safe when recommended dosages and prescriptive instructions were adhered to and there was no evidence of serious adverse effects or contraindications with psychiatric medications.
The strongest evidence was found for omega-3 supplements as an add-on treatment for major depression — reducing symptoms of depression beyond the effects of antidepressants alone.
There was some evidence to suggest that omega-3 supplements may also have small benefits for ADHD.
Lead author of the study, Dr. Joseph Firth, Senior Research Fellow at NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University and Honorary Research Fellow at The University of Manchester said the findings should be used to produce more evidence-based guidance on the usage of nutrient-based treatments for various mental health conditions.
VIDEO: How Do Omega-3s Affect Cognitive Function?
“While there has been a longstanding interest in the use of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental illness, the topic is often quite polarizing, and surrounded by either over-hyped claims or undue cynicism,” Dr Firth said.
“In this most recent research, we have brought together the data from dozens and dozens of clinical trials conducted all over the world, in over 10,000 individuals treated for mental illness.
“This mass of data has allowed us to investigate the benefits and safety of various different nutrients for mental health conditions – on a larger scale than what has ever been possible before.”
Senior author on the study, NICM Health Research Institute’s Professor Jerome Sarris said since the role of nutrition in mental health is becoming increasingly acknowledged, it is vital that an evidence-based approach be adopted.
“Future research should aim to determine which individuals might benefit most from evidence-based supplements and to better understand the underlying mechanisms so we can adopt a targeted approach to supplement use in mental health treatment.” Professor Sarris said.
BLOG: Many People Believe They’re Deficient in Key Nutrients Like Omega-3 and Vitamin D — and They’re Probably Right
According to a recent Harvard Health blog, several mechanisms of action for omega-3s have been proposed. For example, omega-3s can easily travel through the brain cell membrane and interact with mood-related molecules inside the brain. They also have anti-inflammatory actions that may help relieve depression.
“More than 30 clinical trials have tested different omega-3 preparations in people with depression. Most studies have used omega-3s as add-on therapy for people who are taking prescription antidepressants with limited or no benefit,” the blog author said, adding, “Fewer studies have examined omega-3 therapy alone. Clinical trials typically use EPA alone or a combination of EPA plus DHA, at doses from 0.5 to 1 gram per day to 6 to 10 grams per day. To give some perspective, 1 gram per day would correspond to eating three salmon meals per week.”
Unfortunately, at least in the research community, the benefits of omega-3s for mental health issues like depression are not unanimous because of the variability of dosage, ratio of EPA and DHA, and other factors in the studies evaluated.
VIDEO: Are Omega-3s Related to Aggressive Behavior?
Another 2019 study, published in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, evaluated the potential of omega-3s as adjunctive treatment for depression. In this case, a subcommittee of International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR) organized an expert panel to develop a consensus-based practice guideline for the clinical use omega-3s in major depressive disorder (MDD).
BLOG: New Study a Bummer for Depression and Omega-3s, and Here’s Why…
The panel focused their efforts on five important areas, including general concepts, acute treatment strategy, depression recurrence monitoring and prevention, use in special populations, and potential safety issues. From there, they devised several strategies to assist doctors in administering omega-3s to their patients.
- Clinicians and other practitioners are advised to conduct a clinical interview to validate clinical diagnoses, physical conditions, and measurement-based psychopathological assessments in the therapeutic settings when recommending omega-3s in depression treatment.
- With respect to formulation and dosage, both pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or an EPA/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combination of a ratio higher than 2 (EPA/DHA >2) are considered effective, and the recommended dosages should be 1–2 grams of net EPA daily, from either pure EPA or an EPA/DHA (>2:1) formula. Doctors should keep in mind that quality might affect the therapeutic value of the omega-3 product.
- Potential adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions, should be monitored, as well as obtaining comprehensive metabolic panels. The expert consensus panel has agreed on using n–3 PUFAs in MDD treatment for pregnant women, children, and the elderly, and prevention in high-risk populations.
The ISNPR subcommittee also suggested future research in this area focus on personalizing the clinical application of omega-3s in subgroups of MDD who have a low Omega-3 Index or high levels of inflammatory markers.
The Omega-3 Index has deep roots in the heart health arena. But its role in brain health is a major focus of current research. As there is an established Omega-3 level for heart health and pregnancy, there might one day be a specific cut point for mental health and cognitive function. We at OmegaQuant hope to be the ones to make that happen. | <urn:uuid:af79166b-6972-42cb-ba03-5e695443aa01> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://omegaquant.com/ahas-recent-scientific-statement-connects-the-mind-body-and-heart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943471.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320083513-20230320113513-00341.warc.gz | en | 0.93916 | 2,089 | 2.96875 | 3 |
(Sharing more of my research for my new novel A Rebel Comes of Age)
Much has been made of the role of youth in sparking the “Arab Spring” revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa. The willingness of Arab citizens to rebel against some of the world’s most oppressive regimes is a new and significant phenomenon. It highlights the distinction between political and psychological oppression. Psychological repression is a state of wholesale resignation, when a population believes any resistance will be totally crushed.
The Role of Youth in Sparking Revolution
Youth are nearly always the engine behind any movement to throw off psychological oppression. Older people have an overwhelming drive for “business as usual.” Austrian-born child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim credits this drive for the failure of European Jews to resist the Nazi campaign to enslave and exterminate them. Teenagers, in contrast, possess an illusion an illusion of immortality. They often find it difficult to grasp the finality of death.
Lessons from History: Soweto and the Intifada
Both the 1976 Soweto uprising in South Africa and the first Palestinian Intifada (1987) were initiated by teenagers. Both South Africa and Palestine were riding the crest of a baby boom and faced high youth unemployment. In addition, both the South African townships and occupied Palestine faced a general breakdown in parental authority. In both settings, parents traveled long distances (to Johannesburg or Israel). A whole generation of children, were left on their own to raise themselves. The link between the breakdown of parental authority and youth rebellion is a major theme of my first novel The Battle for Tomorrow.
The Anti-Apartheid Movement
The 1976 Soweto uprising is widely credited as the start of mass popular resistance to apartheid. The students who started it came from a generation that essentially raised themselves. Strict pass laws implemented in the 1950s forced many black residents to give up to their homes in South African cities and move to black-only townships or Bantustans, where there was no work. The only work open to black men was in remote work camps at the gold and diamond mines. While Sowetan women worked as domestics and nannies for white families in Johannesburg and only returned to their own children on weekends.
In 1976 Soweto teenagers had a lot in common with homeless teens, third world street children and “young carers” (children who care for parents with physical or mental disabilities or drug and alcohol problems). Forced to look after themselves from an early age, it’s typical for these teenagers to exhibit precocious maturity.
Conditions that Politicized the Bantu Schools
The event the triggered the 1976 uprising was a decree requiring that all Bantu schools teach their subjects in Afrikaans (the language of the original Dutch settlers of South Africa), rather than English. Owing to atrocious conditions in the Bantu schools, students were already highly politicized. While education in white schools was free, black parents were charged 51 rand a year (a half month’s salary) The Bantu schools were also incredibly overcrowded, with sixty or more students per class and teachers who often had no education qualifications.
The prelude to the June 16 uprising was a classroom boycott in early June of seventh and eight graders at Orlando West Primary School. Students from seven other Soweto schools immediately joined in. On Sunday June 13th, 400 students met in Orlando (hard to imagine without cellphones Facebook or Twitter) to call for a mass boycott and demonstration for June 16th. They also made a pact not to inform their parents, who they believed would try to stop them.
On June 16, fifteen to twenty thousand students age 10-20 in school uniform met at Orlando West Secondary school to march to the stadium. When the students refused to disperse, the police opened fire, killing several. The others went wild, throwing rocks and bottles at the police and setting fire to all symbols of apartheid – government buildings, liquor stores, beer halls and trucks, buses and cars belonging to white businesses.
Where Deadly Police Force Fails
The next morning rioting spread to other townships, as well as to Pretoria, Durban and Capetown with “colored” (mixed race) and Indian students also joining the rebellion. The police were totally unable to quell the rioters, even with force, owing to the students’ greater numbers and their total disregard for their own safety. It would take sixteen months for peace to be restored in the townships.
(To be continued, with a discussion of the role of teenagers in the Palestinian Intifada.)
In A Rebel Comes of Age, seventeen-year-old Angela Jones and four other homeless teenagers occupy a vacant commercial building owned by Bank of America. The adventure turns deadly serious when the bank obtains a court order evicting them. Ange faces the most serious crisis of her life when the other residents decide to use firearms against the police SWAT team.
$3.99 ebook available (in all formats) from Smashwords: | <urn:uuid:25b320e1-7a04-498e-8bf4-f55564765438> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://stuartbramhall.wordpress.com/tag/a-rebel-comes-of-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153521.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728025548-20210728055548-00035.warc.gz | en | 0.964556 | 1,045 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In collaboration with the International University of Health and Welfare, Jichi Medical University and the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Shiseido announced the identification of 'stem cell reservoirs' around sebaceous glands, which they investigated for potential skin rejuvenation.
As the company explained, with age, the skin loses elasticity resulting in signs of facial aging such as wrinkles and sagging, which are believed to be caused by the age-related deterioration of dermal fibroblasts controlling skin elasticity. In this collaborative research, the team had previously discovered that stem cells, which are the origin of these dermal fibroblasts, are well-maintained around the sebaceous glands in the skin.
In the present work, the team deemed these as “stem cell reservoirs.” Research has now begun to target these reservoirs for skin regeneration. Note that part of the following research results were presented at the IFSCC Congress in 2018 and won the Congress Award.
In relation, beauty treatments involving pressure, tapping, twisting and stretching skin, which have been know to benefit skin (although not quite how), were explored for their effects. The team applied various stimuli imitating each element to cultured skin (organ cultures) and observed the effects. Results confirmed that pressure proliferated stem cells in the aforementioned stem cell reservoirs. Further research on this effect was then explored.
Next, the team investigated whether the cells proliferated by said pressure could function in the dermal layer. They did so by observing the cells using an internally developed 3D imaging technology. Results showed that in pressurized skin, the proliferated cells connected to each other and reconstructed a network. This indicated pressure promoted stem cell proliferation, leading to a functional state.
The researchers also explored whether the cells that became functional with the application of pressure could regenerate the dermis. The reconstructed network was observed, by immunohistochemistry (to detect newly produced collagen), to in fact produce collagen, which in turn allows the dermis to regain elasticity. This suggested pressure induced the regeneration of the dermis.
The researchers concluded these studies show that by applying pressure to skin, stem cell proliferation and release from reservoirs is increased, in turn reconstructing dermal cells. These cells produce collagen, which ultimately supports the regeneration of skin for beauty applications. | <urn:uuid:8bca1c36-fbc9-4c40-a6c7-0e2a7eb68a32> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/research/biology/Shiseido-Puts-the-Pressure-on-Anti-aging-Skin-Care-571014181.html?utm_source=Most+Read&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=Most+Read | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657142589.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713033803-20200713063803-00169.warc.gz | en | 0.955414 | 470 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Use Meta Tags for Search Engine Optimization
Statistics show that only one of every four Web Sites use Meta tags. However using
these tags can give your site an advantage over other sites that do not. Meta tags
enable most visitors to initially find your site from the search engines.
What are Meta Tags?
These are HTML tags that provide information that describes the content of the web
pages that the visitor will be viewing. Web Site owners use this resource to control
their positioning and descriptions in the search engines. Most search engines
incorporate reading meta tags as part of their indexing formula.
Where to Place Meta Tags
They should go in between the <head> and </head> tags in your html page.
Types of Meta Tags
The Doctype tag The DTD (Document Type Definition) tag precedes the opening
<HTML> tag. It is generally the first element to be used on any page. It
distinguishes the version of HTML in use from other versions of HTML and tells the
browser what tags to expect when laying out the page.
<!doctype html public "-//wc3//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
If a browser doesn't understand a tag, it just ignores it. This, in effect, renders
<!doctype> useless. For the proponents of strict standardization, a statement
like <!doctype> would ensure standardization. If a browser didn't recognize the
statement, it could ignore the page.
META Tags and Document Identification
The syntax for the <meta> tag is:
<meta name="namevalue" content="contentvalue"> or
<meta http-equiv="namevalue" content="contentvalue">
The <META> tag requires the CONTENT attribute and adds either the NAME or
HTTP-EQUIV attribute. These define the general information you are creating or changing
in the document, and the CONTENT attribute defines the value of the general information.
<META HTTP-EQUIV> tags are equivalent to HTTP headers. To understand headers,
you must understand the process that occurs when you use a Web browser to request a
document from a Web server. You request information using your browser and the Web
Server receives your request via HTTP, the standard Web protocol. When the server
finds the page you requested, it generates an HTTP response. The initial data in that
response is called the HTTP header block. This header gives the Web browser
information useful for displaying the page.
Common Examples of the HTTP-EQUIV Attribute Value Language META Tag This is an
optional tag. It declares to users the natural language of the document being indexed.
Search engines which index websites based on language often read this tag to determine
which language(s) is supported. This tag is particularly useful for non-english and
multiple language websites.
<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en">
The Content-Type entity-header field indicates the media type of the entity-body sent
to the recipient. This is an optional tag.
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
Expires META Tag
An optional tag that defines the date when the file will be considered expired in cache
and a new page will be generated. Only use when your website is running a limited
time event or there is a preset date when your document will no longer be valid.
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT"> | <urn:uuid:62d4837c-a2f2-4ec8-a6d1-2eb7edd63c34> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://bucarotechelp.com/design/html/98010531.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160337.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924090455-20180924110855-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.714929 | 761 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Longest eclipse of century to darken parts of Asia and Africa — but you can see it, too
Astronomical event occurs on the same night Earth lies directly between the moon and the sun
The moon will glide into Earth's shadow Friday in what will be the longest lunar eclipse of the century. While it won't be visible in Canadian skies, there are ways you can see the spectacle for yourself.
Lunar eclipses occur from two to four times a year, but not all of them are visible.
Sometimes they are penumbral eclipses, where the moon passes through Earth's fainter outer shadow, which isn't quite visible to the human eye.
Then there are partial eclipses, where just part of the moon passes through the dark umbra, or shadow. And finally, there are total lunar eclipses, where the entire moon passes through the umbra.
The reason we don't get eclipses every month is because the moon orbits Earth on a slightly inclined plane of five degrees.
Unlike solar eclipses, which last a few minutes, lunar eclipses last three hours or longer.
But the eclipse that will stretch from South America to New Zealand on Friday will last almost four hours, coming in at three hours and 55 minutes. And totality, which will occur over Africa, the Middle East and part of Asia, will last an hour and 43 minutes, making it the longest one in 100 years.
And yes, you'll likely hear this eclipse being referred to as the "blood moon." But there's nothing scary about it.
During a lunar eclipse, the sun lies directly behind Earth, refracting — or bending — light. Blue light is scattered, leaving only red. The light of all the sunsets and sunrises occurring simultaneously is reflected off the moon, making it seem red.
The deepness of the red depends on the particles in the air. So it's anyone's guess just how red this eclipse will be.
While Canadians won't be able to witness the event first-hand, there are ways to capture it from the comforts of home.
You can watch it online with The Virtual Telescope Project or Slooh. Both are resources that provide live-streaming of astronomical events. While they will show the entire eclipse, if you're looking for totality, it occurs from 3:30 p.m. ET to 5:13 p.m. ET.
But there are a couple of extra-special happenings that night.
For one, Mars will be at opposition, when Earth lies directly between it and the sun (four days later, Mars will be the closest to Earth since 2003).
And finally, there will be a conjunction between Mars and the moon. Astronomers often talk about these events, characterized by two celestial bodies appearing very close together in the sky. There isn't anything particularly scientific about it, but it makes for wonderful viewing and photographs.
On the night of the total lunar eclipse, Mars and the moon will be roughly six degrees apart in the night sky. And you can enjoy the pairing here in our night sky. You can find the local time of moonrise by visiting the site Time and Date.
So, while the total lunar eclipse won't be gracing Canadian skies, you can still go out and enjoy Mars and the moon as they stand closely together in the night sky. And don't forget Saturn and Jupiter, too, which will also be up for most of the night.
The next total lunar eclipse visible from Canada will be on Jan. 21, 2019, and will last three hours and 17 minutes, with totality lasting an hour and two minutes. | <urn:uuid:82bc5504-7532-486c-9d5b-528461e46827> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/longest-eclipse-moon-1.4757893 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662509990.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516041337-20220516071337-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.933972 | 751 | 3.046875 | 3 |
If you have an acidic soil but love astilbe, you may be wondering if they can coexist. Well, I have good news for you! Astilbe can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels, including acidic soil. This means you don’t need to worry about soil acidity being a deal breaker in your astilbe growing project.
Not only can astilbe tolerate acidic soil, but they also thrive in partially shaded areas with well-drained soil. With their beautiful and colorful fluffy plumes, astilbe may just be the perfect addition to your garden or landscape. These fern-like, ornamental plants bloom in shades of pink, purple, red, and white, making them the perfect accent plant for any outdoor space.
If you’re planning on growing astilbe, it’s important to note that they require moderate watering and regular fertilization to flourish. While they can tolerate acidic soil, it’s always best to test your soil pH levels before planting to ensure the best possible growing conditions. With a little bit of care, astilbe can become a stunning addition to your garden, bringing color and vibrancy to your outdoor space.
Acidic soil: What is it and why does it matter?
Acidic soil is soil with a pH level lower than 7.0, making it more acidic than neutral or alkaline soil. Soil pH level is a measure of how acidic or alkaline soil is in a range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pH level below 7 is considered acidic, while pH level above 7 is considered alkaline or basic. Soil pH determines how well plants can uptake nutrients and grow, making it an important factor to consider for the optimal growth of plants.
Soil pH influences the availability of nutrients in the soil. Acidic soil has fewer nutrients available for plants as the minerals and nutrients in the soil are bound and tightly held, making them less accessible for plant uptake. The most common nutrients that become unavailable to plants in acidic soils include phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. These nutrients are essential for plant growth and development. The reduced availability of these nutrients can limit plant growth and affect the overall health of plants.
Soil pH can also affect the microbial activity in the soil. Many beneficial soil microorganisms that break down organic matter and release nutrients into the soil are sensitive to changes in soil pH. Acidic soil tends to have fewer microorganisms compared to neutral and alkaline soil. Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility, and their reduced numbers can limit soil health and plant growth.
Understanding Astilbe: Growth and Care Requirements
Astilbe is a beautiful and popular flowering plant that thrives in shade gardens. Known for its delicate, feathery plumes of flowers in shades of pink, white, and red, these plants are perfect for adding color and texture to any garden. However, before planting astilbe, it’s important to understand the growth and care requirements of this plant.
Growth Requirements for Astilbe
- Astilbe thrives in moist, well-drained soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0.
- These plants require shade or partial shade to develop properly.
- Astilbe prefers cool and humid environments and needs sufficient moisture to survive the hot summer months.
- The planting location should have soil that is consistently moist, but not waterlogged.
Care Requirements for Astilbe
Providing proper care for Astilbe will result in healthy and vibrant plants that produce an abundance of flowers each year. Here are a few steps to follow:
- Water astilbe plants regularly, particularly if they are located in a sunny spot. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot.
- Feed astilbe plants with a slow-release fertilizer in early spring to promote healthy growth and flowering. After the blooms have faded, deadhead the plants, and remove any damaged foliage.
- Divide astilbe plants every three to four years to prevent overcrowding and promote healthy growth. Late summer or early fall is the best time to do this.
Can Astilbe Tolerate Acidic Soil?
The pH level of soil affects the availability of nutrients. While astilbe prefers soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0, it can tolerate slightly acidic soil with a pH as low as 5.0. If you have acidic soil, consider adding garden lime to raise the pH level of the soil and make it more hospitable to astilbe.
|Soil pH Level
|Result for Astilbe Plants
|Astilbe may grow, but its foliage and blooms may be less vibrant and healthy.
|Astilbe grows best in this pH range, ensuring healthy foliage and vibrant blooms.
|The soil is too alkaline, leading to poor growth performance. Adding sulfur to the soil can help lower the pH level.
With the right growing conditions and proper care, astilbe can thrive in any garden. Remember to keep the soil consistently moist, provide shade or partial sun, and divide the plants periodically to promote their health. If you’re unsure about the pH level of your soil, you can use a soil test kit available at most garden centers to determine if it is suitable for astilbe growth.
Tolerance Levels: How much acidity can Astilbe handle?
Astilbes are hardy and adaptable plants, capable of growing in a wide range of soil types. However, they have a moderate tolerance for acidity, which means that they should not be grown in highly acidic soils. If the soil pH is too low, it will prevent them from absorbing essential nutrients and water, which can lead to stunted growth and other health issues.
- Astilbes prefer soil that is slightly acidic, with a pH level between 5.0 and 6.5. This is the optimal range for their growth and development, allowing them to absorb nutrients and moisture efficiently.
- If the soil pH drops below 5.0, Astilbes may struggle to grow and produce blooms. In extremely acidic soil, the roots may become damaged, leading to wilting and yellowing of the plants.
- On the other hand, if the soil pH is above 6.5, Astilbes may still grow but may show signs of nutrient deficiency. The leaves may yellow, and growth may be stunted.
To determine the pH level of your soil, you can purchase a soil testing kit from a garden center or nursery. Once you know the pH of your soil, you can make adjustments by adding lime to increase the pH or sulfur to lower it.
It is important to note that Astilbes are tolerant of some degree of acidity, but they will not thrive in soil that is excessively acidic or alkaline. If you are unsure about the pH level of your soil, it is best to test it before planting Astilbes or any other acid-loving plants.
|Soil pH Level
By paying attention to the acidity level of your soil, you can ensure that your Astilbes will thrive and produce beautiful blooms year after year.
Planting Astilbe in Acid-Rich Soil: Do’s and Don’ts
Astilbe is a beautiful plant that produces feathery plumes of flowers in shades of pink, red, purple, and white. Although these plants are versatile and relatively easy to care for, they do require a specific type of soil to thrive. Astilbe prefers moist, well-draining soil with a pH between 5.0 and 6.5. This means that they can tolerate slightly acidic soil, but anything lower than 5.0 can be problematic. If you have acid-rich soil and want to grow astilbe, here are some do’s and don’ts to follow:
- Do: Test your soil pH before planting. You can purchase a soil test kit from your local garden center or use a home testing kit. Knowing the pH of your soil will help you determine if it needs to be amended before planting.
- Do: Add organic matter to your soil to increase the pH. This can include materials like compost, lime, or wood ash. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for application rates to avoid over-amending your soil.
- Do: Plant astilbe in a location with good drainage. While these plants prefer moist soil, they do not like to be waterlogged. If your soil is heavy and does not drain well, you may want to consider adding sand or perlite to improve drainage.
While there are important steps to take when planting astilbe in acidic soil, there are also some things you should avoid:
- Don’t: Plant astilbe directly into unamended acidic soil. This can cause the plant to weaken and die over time.
- Don’t: Overwater your astilbe. While these plants prefer moist soil, they can be susceptible to root rot if they are consistently overwatered.
- Don’t: Plant astilbe in full sun. These plants prefer partial shade to full shade and will not tolerate hot, dry conditions.
If you follow these do’s and don’ts, you can successfully grow astilbe in acidic soil and enjoy the delicate beauty of these plants in your garden.
Here is a helpful table of pH requirements for common garden plants:
|Optimal pH Range
Keep in mind that while astilbe can tolerate slightly acidic soil, other plants may have different pH requirements. It is always a good idea to test your soil before planting and adjust it as needed to ensure healthy growth.
Alternative Options for Alkaline Soil: Astilbe Varieties that Thrive
While astilbe generally prefers slightly acidic soil, there are still options for gardeners with alkaline soil who want to incorporate these beautiful and easy-to-grow plants into their landscape. Here are some alternative options for growing astilbe in alkaline soil:
- False Goat’s Beard (Astilbe chinensis) – This variety of astilbe can tolerate a pH up to 7.5 and is known for its sturdy stems that can withstand wind and rain.
- Ostrich Plume (Astilbe plumosa) – Another astilbe that can tolerate a pH up to 7.5, the Ostrich Plume variety features tall, feathery plumes of flowers in shades of pink and white.
- Glowing Heart (Astilbe x arendsii ‘Glowing Heart’) – This hybrid astilbe can tolerate a slightly higher pH than some other varieties and features bright pink flowers that bloom in mid-summer.
If you’re still unsure about whether astilbe will thrive in your alkaline soil, consider using a soil amendment to adjust the pH levels. Adding organic matter like compost or pine needles to the soil can help increase acidity and create a better environment for astilbe to grow.
Below is a table of astilbe varieties and their preferred soil pH levels:
|Preferred Soil pH
|5.5 – 7.5
|5.5 – 7.0
|Astilbe x arendsii
|5.5 – 6.5
|5.0 – 6.5
With the right variety and soil amendments, gardeners can enjoy the beauty and elegance of astilbe even in alkaline soil environments.
Testing Soil Acidity: Easy ways to find out pH levels
Before planting anything in your garden, it’s essential to know the pH level of your soil. Soil pH affects the nutrient availability and growth of plants, and different plants require specific pH levels to thrive. Most plants prefer slightly acidic to neutral soils, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. But can astilbe tolerate acidic soil?
Astilbe plants are native to Asia and North America and grow best in soil with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.0. However, they can tolerate slightly acidic soil, with a pH level of up to 5.5. Outside this range, the plants may not grow well or suffer from nutrient deficiencies.
- Using a home soil test kit: Home soil test kits are readily available at your local nursery or garden center. These kits use a pH indicator solution that changes color to indicate the pH level of the soil. Follow the instructions on the kit for accurate results.
- Sending samples to a lab: If you want more accurate results, you can send your soil samples to a local lab. They will test the soil pH level, along with the soil’s nutrient content and provide you with a detailed report. This option can be more expensive but also more precise.
- Check with your local extension office: Many local extension offices offer soil testing services at a reasonable cost. Check with your local office to see if they provide testing services and how to submit your soil samples.
It’s essential to test your soil periodically, as pH levels can change over time due to various factors like rainfall, fertilization, and the types of plants grown in the soil. Once you know your soil’s pH level, you can adjust it by adding organic matter or soil amendments to increase or decrease the pH level.
Here’s a table that shows how different pH levels affect plant growth:
|Effect on Plant Growth
|Very acidic. Only a few acid-loving plants can survive.
|Acidic. Limited plant growth, and many nutrients are unavailable.
|Optimal range for most plants.
|Alkaline. Some plants may suffer from nutrient deficiencies.
|Very alkaline. Limited plant growth, and many nutrients are unavailable.
By testing your soil’s pH level using one of the methods mentioned above, you can provide the right growing conditions for astilbe and other plants in your garden.
Soil amendments: Adding nutrients to acidic soils for successful Astilbe growth
While astilbes generally prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil, they can still grow well in acidic soil with some soil amendments and proper care.
- The first step in amending acidic soil for astilbe is to test the pH level of the soil with a soil tester. If the pH level is too low (below 6.0), it is recommended to add lime to the soil to raise the pH level.
- In addition to lime, adding organic matter to the soil can also improve its structure and fertility. Astilbes thrive in well-draining soil with plenty of nutrients, so adding compost or aged manure can provide the plant with essential nutrients while also improving the soil’s texture and drainage.
- Fertilizing astilbes regularly with a balanced fertilizer can also help support healthy growth and flower production. A general guideline is to apply a slow-release fertilizer in the spring and mid-summer, making sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates.
Another way to enrich acidic soil for astilbe growth is to use specific soil amendments that address different nutrient deficiencies. Below is a table highlighting some common soil amendments and their benefits for astilbe growth:
|High in phosphorus, which promotes root growth and flower production
|Rich in potassium and trace minerals, which can help strengthen plant cell walls and improve flower color and size
|Contains a variety of minerals, including iron and magnesium, which can help boost soil fertility and improve plant growth and color
|High in magnesium, which can help improve plant growth, chlorophyll production, and overall health
It’s important to note that while these amendments can be useful in improving soil health for astilbes, they should be used sparingly and according to package instructions to avoid overfertilization and potential plant damage. With proper soil amendments and care, astilbes can thrive in acidic soils and provide a beautiful addition to any garden or landscape.
Can Astilbe Tolerate Acidic Soil FAQs
1. What is the pH range that Astilbe can tolerate?
Astilbe typically prefers a soil pH that is neutral to slightly acidic, with a range between 5.5 and 7.5. However, they can tolerate slightly more acidic soils with a pH as low as 4.5.
2. Will acidic soil affect the color of Astilbe flowers?
Acidic soil tends to intensify the pink and red hues in Astilbe flowers, while blue and purple hues become more muted. However, the color change is often subtle and does not significantly affect the overall appearance of the plant.
3. Can Astilbe grow well in extremely acidic soil?
While Astilbe can tolerate moderately acidic soils, it may not thrive in extremely acidic soils with a pH lower than 4.5. It is important to ensure that the soil is not too acidic for the plant to grow and develop properly.
4. How can I increase the soil pH for Astilbe?
You can increase the soil pH by adding lime or dolomite to the soil before planting Astilbe. Additionally, incorporating organic matter into the soil can help to balance the pH levels over time.
5. Will Astilbe grow well in alkaline soil?
Astilbe prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil, so it may not grow well in highly alkaline soil with a pH above 7.5. If you have alkaline soil, adding organic matter and sulfur to the soil may help to lower the pH level.
6. Can I grow Astilbe in pots with acidic soil?
Yes, Astilbe can be grown in pots with acidic soil as long as the soil pH is not too low. Make sure to use a high-quality potting mix specifically formulated for acid-loving plants.
7. How often should I test the soil pH for Astilbe?
It is important to regularly test the soil pH for Astilbe, particularly if you notice any stunted growth or color changes in the plant. It is recommended to test the soil pH at least once a year.
Closing Thoughts: Thanks for Reading!
We hope that this article has answered your questions about whether Astilbe can tolerate acidic soils. If you are planning to grow Astilbe, make sure to monitor the soil pH levels and adjust as necessary to ensure that the plant can thrive. Don’t forget to check out our other gardening articles for more tips and inspiration. Thanks for reading, and happy gardening! | <urn:uuid:5e4a4117-6147-49a1-b0da-291fe22554c1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://dadangoray.com/en/can-astilbe-tolerate-acidic-soil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473819.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222125841-20240222155841-00793.warc.gz | en | 0.904043 | 3,864 | 3.140625 | 3 |
What is anal fissure and what are symptoms of anal fissure?
An anal fissure is a cut or tear occurring in the anus (the opening through which stool passes out of the body) that extends upwards into the anal canal.
The anal canal is the last part of the large intestine, and is located between the rectum (a reservoir where stools are stored) and the anal orifice (the opening through which stools are passed out of the body).
The most common symptoms of anal fissures are:
- a sharp pain on passing stools (faeces), often followed by a deep burning/aching pain that may last several hours
- bleeding on passing stools – most people notice a small amount of bright red blood either in their stools or on the toilet paper
- The pain also can affect urination by causing discomfort when urinating (dysuria), frequent urination, or the inability to urinate.
- itching (pruritus ani), and a malodorous discharge may occur due to the discharge of pus from the fissure.
Anal fissures occur in the specialized tissue that lines the anus and anal canal, called anoderm. Unlike skin, anoderm has no hairs, sweat glands, or sebaceous (oil) glands and contains a larger number of sensory nerves that sense light touch and pain. (The abundance of nerves explains why anal fissures are so painful).
What causes anal fissure?
Anal fissures are most commonly caused by damage to the lining of the anus or anal canal. Most cases occur in people who have constipation, when a particularly hard or large stool tears the lining of the anal canal.
Other possible causes of anal fissures include:
- persistent diarrhoea
- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
- pregnancy and childbirth
- having unusually tight anal sphincter muscles (the muscles that surround the anal canal), which can increase the tension in your anal canal and make it more susceptible to tearing
- Other causes of fissures are anal cancer, leukemia as well as many infectious diseases including tuberculosis, viral infections (cytomegalovirus or herpes), syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia , chancroid (Hemophilus ducreyi), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
How are anal fissures managed?
A careful history and examination by an expert can confirm the presence of an acute or chronic fissure. If rectal bleeding is present, an endoscopic evaluation using a rigid or flexible viewing tube is recommended to exclude a more serious disease of the anus and rectum. A sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is used depending on age and other risk factors. Atypical fissures that suggest the presence of other diseases may require other diagnostic studies.
In acute fissures, medical (non-operative) treatment is successful in the majority of patients. Of acute fissures, 80% to 90% will heal with conservative measures as compared with chronic (recurrent) fissures, which show only a 40% rate of healing.
Initial measures include:
- making sure there is plenty of fibre in diet
- staying well hydrated
- not ignoring the urge to pass stools
- using Sitz bath or cleaning perineum with shower head
Medication that may help include laxatives to help pass stools more easily and painkilling ointment to be applied directly to anus. Other ointments (GTN and Diltiazem) are used to improve healing of anal fissures.
In persistent cases where conservative treatment has not helped, surgery may be recommended. Surgery could include fissurectomy, Botulinum Toxin Injection, advancement flap or Lateral Sphincterotomy. Indications and success rates of surgery vary and side effects are present but Surgery is often very effective in treating anal fissures. | <urn:uuid:6499918d-44ef-459d-958e-ab1e53e25ca3> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk/anal-fissure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215261.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819165038-20180819185038-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.92586 | 839 | 3 | 3 |
Seeds are where all plant life comes from. They are teeny tiny packages of calories and nutrition, designed to kick start the growth of an entire organism. And in some cases, this nutrition is highly valuable to humans as well.
Many of us may have tried to avoid eating seeds at some point whilst dieting. They are loaded with calories and fats, two things we are told to just avoid when on a diet. But this way of approaching things is not right. The calories in seeds may be high, but the amount of nutrition you get for each calorie you eat is high too. And they may be high in fats, but it turns out that these fats are excellent for us.
The fats found in nuts and seeds are monounsaturated fatty acids, which have been proven to lower our total blood cholesterol, but also to drop our bad cholesterol and triglycerides whilst lifting up our good cholesterol. These fats are amazing for us and they will help to ensure we have healthy hearts.
Seeds are also an amazing source of omega 3 oils. Omega 3 oils are one of the best fats we can eat, but if you don’t like fish or don’t eat animal products, you may miss out on them. This is because they are an essential fatty acid, that is, a fat we can’t make on our own. Many foods have a trace amount of them, but most of the foods richest in them are animal products. Nuts and seeds are an amazing solution to this. Not only do omega 3 oils help to improve our blood cholesterol, but they also are powerful antioxidants, reducing inflammation and improving cell health.
For omega 3 essential fatty acids, eat: hemp seeds, mustard seeds, pumpkin seeds, rapeseed, chia seeds, and flax seeds. Flax seeds are the best, as fifty percent of their total fat content is omega 3.
Nuts and seeds are also rich in omega 6 oils. Omega 6 oils are another essential fatty acid. Although many of us get enough of this one thanks to a diet rich in grains and legumes, if you cut back on these for your health, then you will benefit from the omega 6 oils found in nuts and seeds. A lot of the omega 6 we eat is also heavily processed. When heated too much, omega 6 becomes denatured and oxidized and loses all its healthy properties. So make sure to get it in its raw, natural form.
For omega 6 essential fatty acids, eat: grape seed, sesame seeds, hemp seeds, pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, cottonseed.
A final omega oil not many people have heard of is omega 9. Omega 9 is not an essential fatty acid. Whenever we have enough omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in the right proportions, our bodies will make it. However, it can also be got from our diets. This omega oil promotes healthy immune function and helps the other omega oils to balance our cholesterol.
For omega 9 fatty acids, eat: chia seeds.
With omega oils it is important to ensure you get the balance right. Eating a modern diet we often eat a lot of processed vegetable oil, grains, and pulses. This leads to a very high intake of omega 6, and a comparatively poor intake of omega 3. Not only that, but these sources of omega 6 are overcooked and therefore cancer-promoting. In reality, we need to eat a balance of 1:1 or 1:2, meaning that for every gram of omega 6 we eat, we should eat half a gram to a gram of omega 3. For this reason, supplemental oils such as flax seed oil have proven highly popular, as they will help rebalance a poor diet. But a simpler solution is to eat better in the first place.
Seeds are also an amazing solution for when you cannot eat nuts. Many people who have nut allergies have no problem whatsoever eating seeds, as the allergens found in nuts don’t occur in seeds. Sunflower seed butter, flax seed oil, or a snack of pumpkin seeds may be an excellent way of getting all the benefits that come with eating nuts, but without triggering an allergy. | <urn:uuid:9afe0ce3-4bd6-49c0-9ed4-e1a7d547163a> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://lowcarbhighfatsuccess.com/healthy-fats-in-seeds-and-their-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578530060.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420220657-20190421001740-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.964031 | 865 | 2.984375 | 3 |
GIS3015 Cartographic Skills, Instructor, Mrs. Trisha Holtzclaw
Introduction to Adobe Illustrator
In this weeks lab we were introduced to Adobe Illustrator and covered the main tools that will be utilized throughout the semester. The deliverables for this lab assignment included a map of Florida displaying both county and city layers in addition to the essential map elements.
Student Learning Outcomes:
- Export a map from ArcGIS into Adobe Illustrator
- Add/change basic map elements in Adobe Illustrator
- Examine the basic Adobe Illustrator tools
- Organize layers and objects in Adobe Illustrator
- Export map as .jpeg file from Adobe Illustrator
STUDENT SPOTLIGHT AWARDS
The following student was chosen for his exceptional work on the Introduction to Adobe Illustrator assignment:
and he is happy to be back in school after a short but eventful break. Ryan currently lives in Orlando where he enjoys cooking and the great outdoors. Great work Ryan - enjoy your time in the spotlight!
What we like: Ryan's map had a fantastic layout, design, and background color. He also included a unique border around his map to help personalize his work and make it his own. Great work Ryan!
"I spent some time earlier in the week just playing with the functions in AI. I made a couple different layers, drawing little designs on each of them and then playing with the visibility, lock and unlock, and pushing different layers to the top and bottom. I should have read through the beginning of the lab exercise though, I could not figure out the pencil and pen drawing tools for the life of me. I've got that down now.
As with all things in ArcGIS and AI, make sure to have the right layer selected. I was playing with the gradient mesh tool in my Neatline layer and everything was looking good until I wanted to take out the mesh appearance. I think I double clicked something because somehow I no longer had any layers selected. So after 10 minutes of frustration of not being able to get rid of the gradient mesh I figured out what was going on and fixed it.
I was also able to add a number of text sublayers to my Neatline layer by clicking on different parts of the artboard with my text tool still activated. Had to delete those little green spots one by one.
All in all though this was a very fun lab. I can not wait to load some of our other labs into AI and see what I can do. Making a sun and figuring out how to properly color with the gradient mesh would have made this map a lot better I think." | <urn:uuid:e4ac0505-7bda-4f7f-9f8b-4e277f57be3d> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://uwf-gis.blogspot.com/2013/02/gis3015-cartographic-skills-student_26.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591216.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719183926-20180719203926-00544.warc.gz | en | 0.967863 | 543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
A Simple Way to Create Healthy Habits
Being classroom teachers, we’ve all had experience in trying to create large scale behavior that will allow us to do our jobs a little more easily and allow the class to function as a whole, doing the activities the way we need them done. We don’t refer to it in this way, but we’re creating whole class habits. We create these routines or habits with our students and when they enter our classroom, they know exactly what to do (after some initial learning). Most students seem to thrive on routine, at least when it comes to procedures in a classroom. We create a habit procedure but we need to practice it with them. After consistent practice, they are able to do many of these procedures or routines almost automatically. Once this kind of automatic response happens, it’s almost magical. Students know what you want them to do, without you having to redirect and remind. What if we started to apply this same concept to our own habit formation?
In the best-selling book Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg discusses the three parts to a habit cycle: cue–action–reward. The cue is what tips us off that we are supposed to do something OR it’s a reminder we create to start a habit. The action is what we do when prompted by the cue and the reward is the ultimate payoff. For example in my classroom, I always cue the beginning of class with a screen slide directing students as to what materials to get out on their desks to begin class. Their routine is to begin getting those materials out as soon as they walk in the door. The reward is that I give the individual student a bonus ticket if they have everything out on their desk, excuse free, when I walk around. I used to do this without the reward and it was really quite a mess. Once I introduced the reward (instead of discipline for students who weren’t prepared), most students now go out of their way to neatly pile their papers, get a book and place their pencil in the desk’s pencil holder. It’s a remarkable difference! I’m not sure I even need to give the reward anymore, but I like to promote the positive behavior and it’s not a high stakes treat every day.
So what does this mean for all of the habits we want to enact or change? Do we need to reward ourselves with bonus tickets or other treats like we do our students? I would say, yes! Absolutely! Why not! We deserve it! However, before you can start doling out rewards, you need to understand how your habit cycle is already working in your life (and how you want it to work).
If you want to change an existing habit….
Think of some habits you already do…this may be a little difficult because most habits are automatic and you do them without really thinking. One habit that I wanted to examine was eating something sweet after I was done teaching for the day. I realized my cue was that I was done teaching, my routine was to reach for something sweet, and my reward was that I felt some relief and did something to make me feel better after working so hard. Now, there is nothing wrong with a treat once in awhile, but this particular habit really started to get out of control. In fact, the reward started to not make me feel great. After the sugar rush subsided, sometimes I felt worse than when I started. This whole habit system was something I did everyday without really thinking about it. Even if my day wasn’t particularly stressful, I searched for something to sweet to eat after I was done teaching.
This was clearly a habit that I wanted changed. So I followed the steps in Power of Habit: the cue and the reward need to stay the same, the routine needs to change. Sounds simple enough, but one thing that needs to be present is that the routine needs to really trigger the reward feeling. I gave a lot of thought to what reward would really work, and I decided to just try different things. What seems to currently work is after the cue of being done teaching, I reward myself by taking a walk, making myself a cup of coffee, and eating a healthy snack that I brought from home (not a random cookie, cake, pie, or candy). The reward is that I am nourishing my physical self by moving throughout my day and eating something that is healthy, not just some random junk that I happen to find or buy.
It was so helpful to break the habit down into cue – routine – reward instead of just being upset with myself and not knowing why I was doing, what I was doing (but not wanting to do it!). So if you have a habit you want to change, see if you can replace the routine, making the whole habit different, yet effective.
If you want to start a new habit….
Starting a new habit follows the same steps: cue – routine – reward. Most likely you see the habit as the “action” you want to implement. So what is the something you want to start doing? Perhaps it’s creating some kind of morning routine, maybe starting with 5 minutes of mindfulness practice, journaling, or beginning your day some kind of light exercise. So what is your cue? It could simply be waking up. It could be brushing your teeth. It could be sitting down in your favorite chair. It could be starting your coffee maker. Your cue will be whatever triggers you into routine. For me, I put the same exact robe on every morning before I sit down to do my mindfulness practice. Each morning, I stumble out of bed, brush my teeth, put on my robe and find myself sitting to do mindfulness practice. It’s become such a habit that it is now truly automatic. That is the great thing about starting good habits, once you create them you don’t need to expend energy doing them. You just do them! So what is the reward? Well, it could be that you are simply doing something for yourself. In addition to the reward of self-care, I usually reward myself with a hot cup of coffee that I can smell brewing as I’m finishing.
So consider what habits you may want to start and set up not just the routine, but the cue AND the reward. This will give you the best opportunity for successfully creating this habit. And if your cue and reward don’t work at first, try, try again!
I’d love to hear your experience with creating healthy habits that help you live a healthy life in both your classroom and personal life! Feel free to comment below or send me an email at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:c60abaff-de4b-42fc-bed8-4fe6e5e9b2e1> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://www.teachingwell.life/a-simple-way-to-create-healthy-habits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735823.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200803170210-20200803200210-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.970194 | 1,383 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What Is an Example of Basic Legislation?
Franz Marc Frei/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images
An example of basic legislation is a statute designed to set the speed limit on the highway within a particular state. Basic legislation is broad on its face and does not include a complicated regulatory scheme.
More From Reference.com | <urn:uuid:6a4d3932-3a82-4917-8114-7af06f92ac64> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.reference.com/world-view/example-basic-legislation-5f78e1b0a107fc74 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153803.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728220634-20210729010634-00562.warc.gz | en | 0.899686 | 68 | 2.578125 | 3 |
One of my favorite SIMPLE resources is one-inch graph paper.
I renew my supply every year as we use it for all ages and stages.
Graph Paper Patterning. Littles, markers in hand, enjoy making colorful patterns. For the very youngest we start with simple ABABABA patterns and work up to harder ABBCBBABBCBB patterns. They love creating their own patterns or copying patterns I give them. Patterning is a prenumber skill needed for numeration, counting and even language arts skills.
One-to-One Correspondence and Counting. One-inch graph paper (or larger) is perfect for learning one object to one number. The child counts, writing a number in each square.
Column Guide. Graph paper can be a gentle guide, keeping columns in math problems aligned. For example, the problem 32 x 21 can be written on graph paper, one digit per square, to keep children on process (in other words, which number or column is added, multiplied, subtracted or divided next) and digits in line (making the last steps of problems easy and natural, not swinging and swaying between ones, tens and hundreds). Graph paper can be helpful for all number operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) keeping problems neat and organized.
Concept of Multiplication. Rows and columns not only provide a visual picture of a multiplication equation, but also prepare a student for learning the concept of area: length times width. Once the multiplication concept is mastered, begin learning the multiplication facts.
Concept of Area. A natural next step to the column/row concept of multiplication above, graph paper allows the concept of area visual. I begin by drawing a large square on graph paper. Then, I teach area as length times width, tracing my finger along the square while speaking "length times width". I then write the corresponding numbers and operational symbols (squares along the length x squares along the width) under the square and solve the multiplication equation. Lastly, I count the number of squares inside the large square to check.
Algebraic Graphing. Graph paper helps big learners, too. My bigs have drawn x- and y- axis graphs on quarter-inch graph paper to solve slope intercept problems. Some learners cut out their graphs and pasted them into their regular math notebooks while others have me purchase a graph paper notebook to work their lessons, both graph and not-graphing problems.
More than Math. We have also used graph paper for spelling, writing one letter per square. When comparing word lengths, we have cut and placed words strips side-by-side providing a visual tool for word comparison. For children who have difficulty with letter and word spacing in sentences, use quarter-inch graph paper to spell words one letter per square, leaving a square empty between words.
Valuable Visual. Many children need a visual reference to file in the brain, especially when learning a new concept. Graph paper has provided this colorful visual for my children and many others to whom I have made this recommendation. Try it! See if graph paper presents the visual tools necessary for your child to master foundational concepts.
Graph paper is an education staple in our home. For some children it has kept columns straight, for others graph paper offered opportunities for patterning and geometric design creation. As we look forward to the coming school year and inventory our back-to-school needs, graph paper will be a must-have resource. | <urn:uuid:827a01dd-f83d-4514-be88-7d85ea67eaa8> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.cherylbastian.com/blog/2016/3/23/graph-paper-with-purpose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590046.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718021906-20180718041906-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.921656 | 713 | 3.984375 | 4 |
If you’ve ever witnessed your cat’s behaviour around catnip then you may have seen them react in a rather bizarre manner. From casual sniffing or chewing, to vigorous head-rubbing, drooling and rolling around, this humble plant can elicit some rather unusual and entertaining behaviours from our feline friends. So what exactly is it about catnip that cats love so much? Read on to learn more about this curious plant…
What is catnip?
The catnip plant (Nepeta cataria) is actually a member of the mint family, which is why it is sometimes referred to as catmint. It is native to Europe, Asia and Africa but was later brought to North America and now grows as a weed on all of these continents. Its effects on cats have been known to science since the 1700s, but modern research has revealed exactly how it works.
Why do cats go crazy for it?
When cats sniff catnip, a chemical compound called nepetalactone that’s found in the plant enters their nasal tissue. There it binds to protein receptors that stimulate sensory neurons which in turn send signals to the brain. These signals reach the parts of the brain called the amygdala, which is responsible for emotional responses, and the hypothalamus, responsible for behavioural responses, and create a reaction similar to that caused by a cat’s natural sex pheromones. The effects will usually last for a period of around 10 minutes, after which the cat will become temporarily immune to the plant’s effects for 30-60 minutes. If a cat eats catnip it is safe in small doses but will not elicit the same effects as sniffing it.
Are all cats affected by catnip?
Only around 70-80% of domestic cats react to catnip as the response is inherited from one or both parents. Kittens aged under six months are also typically immune as they have not yet reached sexual maturity. However, wild cats including lions, tigers and leopards can go crazy for catnip when they are exposed to it.
What effect does it have on humans?
Catnip does not affect humans in the same way as cats but it does still have its uses. For example, it can be used as an insect repellent to keep flies and mosquitoes at bay.
Does your cat go bananas for their favourite catnip toy? Share your amusing catnip stories in the comments below or post your photos and videos on our Facebook and Twitter pages!
If you're feeling crafty, you can also have a go at making your own catnip mouse toy using this handy knitting pattern. | <urn:uuid:588ad424-bfe8-4d95-a5ad-9bf972d911c5> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | http://meowblog.cats.org.uk/2017/11/why-do-cats-go-crazy-for-catnip.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541307797.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20191215070636-20191215094636-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.964294 | 552 | 3.03125 | 3 |
On Fri, 21 Jul 2000, [iso-8859-1] Daniel Davies wrote:
> I heard about this years ago, but never knew how until
> today .....
> "The group velocity of a laser pulse in this region
> exceeds c and can even become negative(16, 17), while the shape of
> the pulse is preserved."
> And group velocities above c are not ruled out by
> special relativity. Special relativity's restriction
> to c or below is for the "front velocity" of a wave;
> the first stirring that tells you there's a wave
What this all hinges on is, as far as I can see, the interaction between quantum fluxuations and special relativity. Because a particle is never in "one place" but in fact is smeared over a probabilistic area, plus is continually emitting matched matter and antimatter counterparticles that are quickly reabsorbed - what's called the quantum frenzy at the sub-sub atomic level - there is the possibility of the distance edge of each probability region making a jump on the "center of gravity" of the particle. If there is a dense enough medium to take advantage of this quantum frenzy - the cesium they used in the most recent experiment I guess - information can be conveyed faster than the speed of light in this quantum region.
It is without question interesting theoretically and may have practical uses, but since it only matters for objects travelling at the sub-sub atomic level, it doesn't get us either macro time travel or messaging for objects not embedded in the dense field of quantum material to facilitate the quantum frenzy conveying of information to replicate the wave.
Quantum defies a lot of rules- such as the fact that particles can move through solid objects, escape black holes and do a bunch of things impossible under either special or general relativity rules. There have also been past experiments that in many ways demonstrated information being sent in faster-than-light ways, notably variations on the quantum double-slit experiment by physicists like Wheeler.
This light pulse experiment is interesting, but to me less mindblowing than a lot of those double-slit experiments.
-- Nathan Newman | <urn:uuid:fb89a415-b838-4364-a751-ad936174c643> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2000/2000-July/013489.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637903638.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025823-00182-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92846 | 450 | 2.875 | 3 |
Near the western limb of the moon is a feature named for the Jesuit scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi. Right, the basin is imaged from above by Lunar Orbiter 4 back in the 60’s. From the Earth, it appears as a dark oval on the left side of the moon.
Interesting that a low-lying figure would be named for a man whose astronomy interests with the moon involved measuring the heights of mountains. He can blame his Jesuit colleague Giovanni Battista Riccioli.
Fr Riccioli developed the system of naming craters. Ancient Greeks and Romans lent their names to craters north, east, and south on the moon. “Modern” scientists like Galileo, Tycho, and Copernicus–plus their lesser-known Jesuit colleagues–got craters in the west.
fyi, there is a crater named for the namer–smaller and less prominent than Grimaldi. | <urn:uuid:5485a07a-f70e-4f64-8fa1-ec56f0c98b1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://catholicsensibility.wordpress.com/2015/07/05/more-jesuits-on-the-moon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948567785.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215075536-20171215095536-00574.warc.gz | en | 0.942347 | 190 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall - 1803
"The Constitution is either a superior, paramount law, unchangeable by ordinary means, or it is on a level with ordinary legislative acts and, like other acts, is alterable when the legislature shall please to alter it. If the former part of the alternative be true, then a legislative act contrary to the Constitution is not law; if the latter part be true, then written constitutions are absurd attempts, on the part of the people, to limit a power in its own nature illimitable.
"Thus, the Constitution is either The Supreme Law of the Land, superceding all other laws, or the Constitution is a worthless piece of paper. If the latter, government can do as it pleases. If the former, tyrants have seized sovereignty illegally, it is the duty of the people to put them in their proper place in history."
---- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall-1803
Go To Liberty Index #1
Go To Liberty Index #2 | <urn:uuid:6581ef7b-2fd3-4a4e-98a3-2c97a5c58593> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | http://www.gospelweb.net/PatrioticWorks/strictconstructionofconstitution.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362952.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204063651-20211204093651-00325.warc.gz | en | 0.920814 | 215 | 2.59375 | 3 |
On Friday, January 18, some Global Advantage staff members went to see the Manotick microgrid home, a “smart integrated decentralized energy” building created by Art Hunter, the former CANADARM project manager. The house was outfitted with a myriad of features designed to lessen its environmental impact and make it more resilient to climate change with the ultimate goal of raising public awareness about alternative home energy models.
A microgrid’s distinguishing feature is its capacity to operate completely autonomously from the main energy grid. Each one is entirely unique in its precise features and organizational structure because of the necessity of adapting to each location on an individual basis. What works in one place may not work in another, so as Art says, “If you’ve seen one microgrid, you’ve seen one microgrid.” The Manotick microgrid is no exception: it is unlike anything else of its kind.
Some of the main operational features of the house include 3 Tesla Powerwall AC batteries, geothermal heat recovery and storage, solar panels aplenty, and a control room that is in a constant state of construction as it is continually improved. Essentially, the house is capable of generating and storing its own energy relying solely on solar and geothermal sources, although it does draw from the grid when sun is scarce, as we know all too well can be the case with Ottawa winters. In periods of intense energy absorption, when the house is producing more than it consumes, energy is sold back to the grid.
The Internet of Things, which refers to the interconnection of objects and devices through embedded Internet capacity, permits the house to have an extensive monitoring capacity. From the control system, one can see exactly where the house’s energy consumption is coming from and reorganize accordingly, thus optimizing energy savings and diminishing the environmental footprint. Sustainable energy generation can only go so far; reducing energy consumption is the most important step.
Despite a high return on investment, start up costs currently make this technology prohibitive to many consumers. To solve this problem, Art Hunter is part of a steering committee that seeks to recreate the success of his microgrid home on a much larger scale and make microgrids more accessible to all. The effects of climate change are already being felt around the globe and will only grow more frequent and severe; homes should be capable not only of surviving, but also hopefully mitigating such disasters. The capacity to autonomously generate and store energy will be of utmost importance as storms and other natural disasters knock grids out and create increasingly inhospitable climatic conditions. The Manotick microgrid is Art Hunter’s way of demonstrating how we can fight back against such a future while also preparing ourselves for it. | <urn:uuid:3c3adf0e-d43c-47ad-a6bb-e585f986f391> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://globaladvantageconsulting.com/the-manotick-microgrid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103036363.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626010644-20220626040644-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.950005 | 557 | 2.921875 | 3 |
High-voltage transmission lines form the backbone of electricity systems. Transmission lines are designed to carry large amounts of electricity at high voltages, typically 115 to 500 kilovolts (kV), across long distances. Networks of transmission lines transfer electricity from power plants or other interconnections to substations. At substations, the high-voltage electricity is “stepped down” to a lower voltage, which can be carried via lower-voltage distribution lines to residential, business, and governmental consumers.
The construction and operation of high-voltage transmission lines are regulated by a variety of state and federal agencies and regulations. In addition to electrical system regulations, transmission lines are subject to environmental laws and regulations at the state and federal levels. Local zoning regulations and land use plans may also govern the location of high-voltage transmission lines within counties and cities.
Current Topics in Transmission
The West-wide Energy Corridor Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) evaluates potential impacts associated with the proposed action to designate corridors on federal land in 11 Western States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming) for oil, gas and hydrogen pipelines and electricity transmission and distribution facilities.
Based upon the information and analyses developed in this PEIS, the agencies issuing the PEIS would amend their respective land use plans by designating a series of energy corridors effective upon signing of the Record(s) of Decision.
The purpose of the proposed IIP Process is to establish a coordinated series of meetings and other actions that would take place prior to a Federal agency accepting a high-voltage transmission line application or taking other action that would trigger Federal review, permitting, and consultation or other requirements, such as those required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and Sections 7 and 10 of the Endangered Species Act.
The Obama Administration is focused on building the infrastructure needed to support a clean energy economy because the countries that lead in clean energy will be the countries that lead the 21st century global economy. Electric transmission projects are one specific area where the Administration is acting to catalyze the transition to a clean energy economy. Building greater transmission infrastructure will facilitate, among other things, increased reliability, the greater integration of renewable sources of electricity into the grid; will accommodate a growing number of electric vehicles on America’s roads; and will reduce the need for new power plants.
In October of 2009, nine Federal entities including, the Department of Energy (DOE), the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), the Department of Interior (DOI), the Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) increasing their coordination to expedite and simplify building of transmission lines on Federal lands.
PPT outlining the basics of the transmission system in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:5d6289c8-10f0-4f9a-88d7-4cac02dd85b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.openei.org/wiki/Gateway:Transmission | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284376.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00532-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917529 | 624 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Census records are one of the most important resources for anyone researching family history or genealogy and they are free. (Story continued below)
Released every 10 years
Census records are only released every 10 years. The last census released was the 1940 census and it is especially important because it the first one to be fully digitized enabling you to research it from home.
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See larger image | <urn:uuid:cd5164f3-83a1-4a0d-bebf-2589e17372e1> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.alabamapioneers.com/great-free-video-understand-best-use-1940-census/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154310.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802075003-20210802105003-00323.warc.gz | en | 0.945076 | 288 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Attali’s wide-ranging exploration of music’s role in society and history has many applications to the study (& performance!) of 19th century music:
Our sicence has always desired to monitor, measure, abstract, and castrate meaning, forgetting that life is full of noise and that death alone is silent: work noise, noise of man, and noise of beast. Noise bought, sold, or prohibited. Nothing essential happens in the absence of noise.
Today, our sight has dimmed; it no longer sees our future, having constructed a present made of abstraction, nonsense, and silence. Now we must learn to judge a society more by its sounds, by its art, and by its festivals, than by its statistics. [p.3]
Music is prophecy. Its styles and economic organization are ahead of the rest of society because it explores, much faster than material reality can, the entire range of possibilities in a given code. It makes audible the new world that will gradually become visible, that will impose itself and regulate the order of things; it is not only the image of things, but the transcending of the everyday, the herald of the future. For this reason musicians, even when officially recognized, are dangerous, disturbing, and subversive; for this reason it is impossible to separate their history from that of repression and surveillance. [p.11] | <urn:uuid:66a2aa87-48fc-4807-b97c-4a0c82e097eb> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://civilwarfolkmusic.com/2015/09/14/1977-attali-noise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107911792.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20201030212708-20201031002708-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.966195 | 282 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The admissions counselors at Brainy University believe that the freshman class they have just recruited is the brightest yet. If they wanted to test this belief (that the freshman are brighter than the other classes, what would the null and alternative hypothesis be?
To test the hypothesis in Exercise 1, the admissions counselors select a random sample of freshmen and compare their scores on the SAT to those of the population of upperclassmen. They find that the freshmen do in fact have a higher mean SAT score. However, what they are unaware of is that the sample of freshmen was not representative of all freshmen at Brainy University. In fact, the sample overrepresented those with high scores and underrepresented those with low scores. What type of error (Type I or Type II) did the counselors make?
What are the appropriate Ho and Ha for each of the following research studies? In addition, note whether the hypothesis test is one or two tailed.
a. A study in which researchers want to test whether there is a difference in spatial ability between left- and right-handed people
b. A study in which researchers want to test whether nurses who work 8-hour shifts deliver higher-quality work than those who work 12-hour shifts
c. A study in which researchers want to determine whether crate-training puppies is superior to training without a crate.
A college student is interested in whether there is a difference between male and female students in the amount of time spent studying each week. The student gathers information from a random sample of male and female students on campus. Amount of time spent studying is normally distributed. The data follow.
27, 25, 19, 10, 16, 22, 14
25, 29, 18, 23, 20, 15, 19
a. What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?
b. Identify H0 and Ha for this study.
c. Conduct the appropriate analysis.
d. Should H0 be rejected? What should the researcher conclude? e. If significant, compute the effect size and interpret. f. If significant, draw a graph representing the data.
What is the standard error of the difference between means
Please find the solution of your posting. I hope it will ...
This solution is comprised of a detailed explanation for defining the null and alternative hypotheses and identifying the type I and type II error from the question. The solution also depicts how two sample t tests can be applied to data and all step-by-step calculations are shown. A detailed explanation is provided for all questions. | <urn:uuid:5b1d1618-1a7c-45f9-ae4c-dcc3aa69b61b> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://brainmass.com/statistics/type-i-and-type-ii-errors/null-and-alternative-hypothesis-type-i-and-ii-error-t-test-for-equal-variances-589027 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609610.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528082102-20170528102102-00296.warc.gz | en | 0.942381 | 517 | 3.546875 | 4 |
A new chemical process developed by a team of Harvard researchers greatly increases the utility of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in creating real-time 3-D images of chemical process occurring inside the human body.
This new work by Tobias Ritter, Associate Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and colleagues holds out the tantalizing possibility of using PET scans to peer into any number of functions inside the bodies of living patients by simplifying the process of creating "tracer" molecules used to create the 3-D images.
For example, imagine a pharmaceutical company developing new treatments by studying the way "micro-doses" of drugs behave in the bodies of living humans. Imagine researchers using non-invasive tests to study the efficacy of drugs aimed at combatting disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and identify the physiological differences in the brains of patients suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
As described in the Nov. 4 issue of Science, the process is a never-before-achieved way of chemically transforming fluoride into an intermediate reagent, which can then be used to bind a fluorine isotope to organic molecules, creating the PET tracers. Often used in combination with CT scans, PET imaging works by detecting radiation emitted by tracer atoms, which can be incorporated into compounds used in the body or attached to other molecules.
"It's extremely exciting," Ritter said, of the breakthrough. "A lot of people said we would never achieve this, but this allows us to now make tracers that would have been very challenging using conventional chemistry."
The new process builds on Ritter's earlier fluorination work, which reduced the risk of damage to the original molecules by reducing the amount of energy needed to create fluorinated compounds, and involved the development of a unique, "late-stage" process that allowed fluorination to take place at the end of a compound's synthesis, eliminating concerns about the extremely short, two-hour half-life of the fluorine isotope used as a tracer.
Ritter's process begins with fluoride, which is chemically altered to create an intermediate molecule, called an "electrophilic fluorination reagent." Armed with that reagent, and using the late-stage fluorination process developed in Ritter's lab, his team is then able to create fluorinated molecules for use in PET imaging.
The breakthrough opens the door to pharmaceutical companies using the relatively simple, non-invasive scans to track how "micro-doses" of drugs behave in living subjects, with the potential payoff coming in vastly more efficient and cheaper drug development.
"One of the most immediate applications of this is in using molecular imaging to give us an understanding of the bio-distribution of a drug," Ritter said. "If a pharmaceutical company is developing a drug to treat schizophrenia, they could use this test to see if it enters the brain. If early tests show it doesn't, they would be able to kill the project before spending a great deal of time and money on it."
The technique could even be used to unlock the physical traits of disorders that until now have been limited to phenomenological descriptions. Using biomarkers related to specific disorders, researchers could use fluorination to identify biological differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and use that information to develop treatments for both.
"I don't know if we're ever going to reach that point," Ritter said. "But that's what this project may be able to deliver in the long term. The way my group works we want to solve big problems, and we're willing to sacrifice to get there. This is one problem that is worth a little bit of sweat."
|Contact: Peter Reuell| | <urn:uuid:1898ab05-72c7-4dc0-b191-a0542d032edc> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Tracing-biological-pathways-22214-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148428.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00259-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933331 | 753 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Extramural papers of the month
By Nancy Lamontagne
- Cost of mercury pollution
- Reducing air pollution continues to increase life expectancy
- Tributyltin linked to transgenerational obesity
- Early pregnancy inflammation could increase autism risk
Cost of mercury pollution
According to study partly supported by NIEHS, each year in Europe, more than 1.8 million children are born with unsafe prenatal methylmercury exposures. Preventing prenatal methylmercury exposure could save the European Union 8-9 billion euro per year in lost earning potential.
Exposure to methylmercury typically occurs from eating fish, which bioconcentrate the contaminant. Methylmercury affects brain development leading to a lower IQ and, thus, lower earning potential. To calculate the costs associated with this exposure, the researchers examined mercury concentrations in hair samples from the DEMOCOPHES (http://www.eu-hbm.info/democophes) study of exposure to environmental chemicals, as well as other studies. They assumed that mercury levels below 0.58 micrograms per gram of hair would have little adverse effect.
The researchers estimated that preventing exposure within the European Union would bring an annual benefit equivalent to 600,000 IQ points per year, corresponding to the estimated annual economic benefit of 8-9 billion euro. Prevention would have the most impact in southern Europe, where hair-mercury concentrations were the highest. The study did not examine less tangible benefits of protecting against methylmercury exposure, and supports the need for interventions to minimize exposure.
Citation: Bellanger M, Pichery C, Aerts D, Berglund M, Castano A, Cejchanova M, Crettaz P, Davidson F, Esteban M, Exley K, Fischer ME, Gurzau AE, Halzlova K, Katsonouri A, Knudsen LE, Kolossa-Gehring M, Koppen G, Ligocka D, Miklavcic A, Reis MF, Rudnai P, Tratnik JS, Weihe P, Budtz-Jorgensen E, Grandjean P. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23289875) 2013. Economic benefits of methylmercury exposure control in Europe: Monetary value of neurotoxicity prevention. Environ Health; doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-3 [Online 7 January 2013].
Reducing air pollution continues to increase life expectancy
NIEHS grantees report that air pollution reductions occurring from 2000 to 2007 were associated with improved life expectancy. These results show that the last decade of air pollution control continues to positively affect public health.
From 2000 to 2007, U.S. levels of particulate matter, less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5), declined, but at a slower rate than between 1980 and 2000. To find out if these levels continued to improve life expectancy, the researchers looked at yearly average PM2.5 and life expectancy data for 545 rural and urban U.S. counties from 2000 to 2007. Controlling for socioeconomic status, smoking prevalence, and demographic characteristics, they found that the average life expectancy increased by 0.35 years for every 10 microgram per meter decrease in PM2.5 concentration (SD = 0.16 years, P = 0.033). The association between life expectancy and air pollution levels was stronger in more urban and densely populated counties.
A commentary on the study says that the findings provide support for continuing efforts to further decrease air pollution in the United States and globally, where some people experience much higher concentrations of particulate matter than in the United States.
Citation: Correia AW, Pope CA 3rd, Dockery DW, Wang Y, Ezzati M, Dominici F. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211349) 2013. Effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 U.S. counties for the period from 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology 24 (1):23-31. [Commentary] (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232610)
Tributyltin linked to transgenerational obesity
An NIEHS-supported study showed that mice prenatally exposed to the endocrine disruptor tributyltin (TBT) were more likely to be obese, and the effects persisted in subsequent generations not directly exposed to TBT. The findings hold important implications for understanding obesity in people.
TBT is used as an antifungal agent in some paints, certain plastics, and consumer products. To analyze the effects of TBT, the researchers exposed pregnant mice to doses comparable to the established human tolerable daily intake. The offspring of the pregnant mice exposed to TBT, and the subsequent two generations of mice, had a greater number of fat cells, larger fat cells, and heavier fat depots. The TBT exposure also reprogrammed mesenchymal stem cells so that they were more likely to become adipocytes instead of bone, and produced changes in the liver that resembled nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. If TBT has similar effects on people, then exposure to it and other endocrine disruptors could reprogram the metabolism of exposed individuals and future generations, predisposing them toward weight gain.
Citation: Chamorro-Garcia R, Sahu M, Abbey RJ, Laude J, Pham N, Blumberg B. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322813) 2013. Transgenerational inheritance of increased fat depot size, stem cell reprogramming, and hepatic steatosis elicited by prenatal exposure to the obesogen tributyltin in mice. Environ Health Perspect; doi:10.1289/ehp.1205701 [Online 15 January 2013].
Early pregnancy inflammation could increase autism risk
Inflammation during pregnancy could be associated with an increased risk for autism, according to new research that was partially funded by NIEHS.
The researchers looked at an inflammatory biomarker called gestational C-reactive protein (CRP) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort, which contains an archive of serum samples collected from about 810,000 pregnant women in Finland. They also used national psychiatric registries that contain virtually all treated autism cases in the population.
Analysis of CRP in archived maternal serum corresponding to 677 childhood autism cases and an equal number of matched controls, revealed that the risk of autism among children in the study was increased by 43 percent among mothers with CRP levels in the top 20th percentile, and by 80 percent for maternal CRP in the top 10th percentile. These findings could not be explained by maternal age, paternal age, gender, previous births, socioeconomic status, preterm birth, or birth weight. The researchers caution that the results should be viewed in perspective, since the prevalence of inflammation during pregnancy is substantially higher than the prevalence of autism.
Citation: Brown AS, Sourander A, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, McKeague IW, Sundvall J, Surcel HM. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23337946) 2013. Elevated maternal C-reactive protein and autism in a national birth cohort. Mol Psychiatry; doi:10.1038/mp.2012.197 [Online 22 January 2013]. [Story]
(Nancy Lamontagne is a science writer with MDB, Inc., a contractor for the NIEHS Division of Extramural Research and Training, Superfund Research Program, and Worker Education and Training Program.) | <urn:uuid:fcc619eb-c482-4c71-9e57-5560bd1e6519> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2013/3/dert/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997857714.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025737-00171-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90165 | 1,639 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Dr. Bushra Abdul Hamza Abbas
Abstract: This study investigated and demonstrated that the management of green production practices can have a positive impact on industrial organizations’ productivity by acting as a mediator for green self-efficiency, which is a necessary trend in protecting the environment from pollution and waste generated by the manufacturing process, considering the technological acceleration and challenges faced by those organizations from environmental pollution. The study used a questionnaire comprised of 13 items with a sample size of 60 drawn from various departments of the factory to best serve the study’s goals. The study used SPSS.vr.26 statistics software, and AMOS.vr.26 to test a set of hypotheses, and a set of statistical procedures respectively. It was determined that radical changes needed to be implemented to best serve the goals of producing environmentally friendly products. Finally, the research provided a set of conclusions and suggestions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1-14 ] DOI: 10.30566/ijo-bs/2022.06.88 | <urn:uuid:130f037c-172c-4808-b715-3b091f3f4172> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://ijo-bs.com/the-effect-of-waste-management-on-green-production-practices-the-mediating-role-of-green-self-efficacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657144.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610062920-20230610092920-00428.warc.gz | en | 0.917074 | 206 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Kościuszko Mound in Krakow is one of the “redoubts defending Polish national identity”. Built during the time of The Free City of Krakow, the last remnant of independent Poland at the time, it remains to this day a symbol of Polish hope for freedom and independence. Even after the Free City was occupied and dissolved the single morgen of land on which the symbolic Tomb of the Uprising’s Commander-In-Chief lies has remained de facto extraterritorial. The Mound rewards its visitors with one of the most beautiful vistas of Krakow, with some of the Old City’s most recognizable buildings in view: The Wawel Castle, St. Mary’s Church or the Cloth Hall, but also a view of the Krakow Upland, Sandomierz Basin, Wieliczka Foothills, the Beskids and when the air is clear even the Tatras.
The insides of the Fort host many permanent and temporary exhibitions. The visitors will acquaint themselves with the rich history of Tadeusz Kościuszko, uncover the secrets of Krakow Fortress, only to stand “face to face” with the most prominent personalities in the history of Poland, by visiting our wax figure collection. Some are interesting by their innovative nature, for example: “Live Constructions” - where the visitors can glimpse “sights unseen”, by exploring the inner workings of various constructions. | <urn:uuid:fd40f4f8-3927-46c2-8a42-54f4116abbfe> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://goout.net/sk/the-kosciuszko-museum-by-the-kosciuszko-mound/vzrwlb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216175.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130130840-20201130160840-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.9204 | 316 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established a successful framework for the world to address fundamental social issues such as poverty, health, hunger and education. As discussions commence on the shape and scope of the global development agenda that will succeed the MDGs, which expire in 2015, it would be helpful to consider the role of the private sector and rethink the international community’s overall approach to development.
Economic development is the best way — indeed, the only way — to achieve sustainable poverty reduction. It creates a virtuous circle. Growth creates jobs, and jobs reduce poverty.
The private sector has a key role to play.
Private-sector capital flows now dwarf traditional public-sector aid flows. For example, of the US$200 billion in total US resources dedicated to development in 2010, 87 percent came from private flows. By contrast, in the 1960s, official overseas development assistance accounted for 70 percent of capital flows into developing countries.
A similar picture prevails globally. Domestic resource mobilization, remittances from expatriate workers, private debt and equity flows, and philanthropic contributions exceed official international aid by a wide margin. Private flows are no longer the tail, but the dog that wags the development agenda.
Nonetheless, much of the development-policy community remains stuck in the distant past. For example, policymakers insist on the importance of “public-private partnerships” and argue that the private sector needs “to learn to work with the public sector.”
However, today’s reality would be better described as “private-philanthropic-public partnerships” (expressed in that order to reflect each component’s relative importance), or “P-4.”
We need to persuade public institutions to focus on how to work better with their private counterparts, not vice versa, because the public and private sectors have a shared interest in accelerating economic development and ensuring that everyone benefits from globalization.
This is not meant to diminish the important role played by the public sector, which alone can create the conditions — the rule of law, sound macroeconomic policies and good regulatory regimes — needed for the private sector to flourish.
For example, they catalyze the development of supportive property and customs regimes, including the establishment of credit bureaus and laws to protect creditors’ rights — all necessary prerequisites to channel financing flows.
Possibly the biggest prize in aligning private and public-sector development efforts lies in the relatively unexplored area of blended finance. We have barely scratched the surface in integrating the efforts of development finance institutions (DFIs) with private and philanthropic initiatives, which could make the whole greater than the sum of its parts.
A World Economic Forum study estimates that, when aligned, an annual increase of only US$36 billion in public-sector investment in climate change could be leveraged to 16 times that amount by mobilizing US$570 billion of private capital. In fact, to improve alignment and reflect the new P-4 order, government agencies and DFIs should be encouraged to establish explicit targets for leveraging private capital. Particularly in an age of lean governments and public austerity, success in meeting such targets should become a key performance indicator. | <urn:uuid:c9166ec2-cfdf-4b34-8295-5a4ec1585e9c> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2013/09/09/2003571684 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982939917.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200859-00000-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930922 | 653 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Spain ~ España - Europe (EU)
The Kingdom of Spain or Spain / Reino de España
Where is Spain?
The Kingdom of Spain or Spain (Spanish: Reino de España or España ). Spain is a country located in the southwest of Europe. Spain shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal , Gibraltar and Andorra.
To the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, Spain borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. Spain includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the cities of Ceuta and Melilla in north Africa, and a number of uninhabited islands on the Mediterranean side of the strait of Gibraltar, known as Plazas de soberanía, such as the Chafarine islands, the "rocks" (Spanis: peñones) of Vélez and Alhucemas, and the tiny Isla Perejil (disputed). In the Northeast along the Pyrenees, a small exclave town called Llívia, integral part of Spain and Catalonia, is surrounded by French territory.
The capital of Spain is Madrid .
conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain
conventional short form: Spain
local long form: Reino de Espana
local short form: Espana
Spain Time: Central European Time (CET)
Current daylight saving dates for Europe
- Standard Time began: Sunday 28 October 2018 01:00 GMT. Clocks went back one hour.
- Standard Time ends: Sunday 31 March 2019 01:00 GMT. Clocks go forward one hour.
UK and Europe Clock Change Rules
Time in the Canary Islands (Canaries) here | <urn:uuid:d52ebe85-d613-412b-af2a-d52611be8f8f> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/europe/european-union/spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203123.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324002035-20190324024035-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.859264 | 361 | 2.765625 | 3 |
From the age of four, FitzRoy lived at Wakefield Lodge, the Palladian-style mansion of the Grafton family in Northamptonshire. In February 1818, when he was almost 13, he entered the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth. He entered the Royal Navy in 1819, moved through the ranks of college volunteer and midshipman and was promoted lieutenant on 7 September 1824. At the naval college he had completed a 20 month course, which included mathematics, Classics, history, geography, English, French, drawing, navigation, fencing and dancing, with great distinction. On leaving the naval college, he had been awarded first medal, and in 1824 passed his examination for promotion to lieutenant with 'full numbers', a result that had not been achieved before.
From his first ship, the Thetis, FitzRoy was appointed in August 1828 to the Ganges as flag lieutenant to Rear Admiral Sir Robert Otway, commander in chief of the South American station. Three months later FitzRoy was given his first command, the Beagle, which was carrying out the survey of the coasts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magellan. After returning to London in 1830, the Beagle was assigned to continue this survey and left England in December 1831, carrying the young Charles Darwin as naturalist. On this second voyage FitzRoy visited the Cape Verde Islands, the South American Coast, the Strait of Magellan, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia, the Maldives, and Mauritius before returning to England. The voyages of the Beagle established FitzRoy as an excellent navigator, a sound surveyor and a man of science. He was the first to record much of the language of the Fuegians and was partly responsible for the establishment of the first, unsuccessful, Fuegian mission. He had formed and expressed views on the government of native peoples.
Probably on 8 December 1836 Robert FitzRoy married Mary Henrietta O'Brien, daughter of Major General Edward James O'Brien; they had three daughters and one son. On 22 April 1854 in London, after the death of his first wife, Robert FitzRoy married Maria Isabella Smyth, daughter of a FitzRoy cousin; they had one daughter.
FitzRoy began a brief parliamentary career in 1841, as the Tory member for Durham. But on 7 April 1843 he was appointed governor of New Zealand but was dismissed in 1846 largely because he contended that Maori land claims were as valid as those of the white settlers.
In September 1848 FitzRoy was appointed acting superintendent of the Woolwich dockyard, and in March 1849 was given his final sea command, the screw frigate Arrogant, which he had himself fitted out for sea trials. After retiring from active service in 1850, FitzRoy was briefly, in 1853, private secretary to his uncle by marriage, Lord Hardinge, commander in chief of the army. Probably the event that gave FitzRoy the greatest personal satisfaction was his election as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1851, supported by 13 fellows, including Charles Darwin. By seniority he was promoted rear admiral in 1857, and vice admiral in 1863.
On his death it was necessary, according to Darwin, for his friends to pay off his debts, many of which had been incurred in service to his country. His widow was given the use of a grace-and-favour residence by Queen Victoria. His achievements were considerable. His command of the Beagle and the excellence of the survey from the Equator to Cape Horn and up the eastern side of South America alone would have assured him a place in history, as would his pioneering work in meteorology. In New Zealand his determination that the Maori should be treated with fairness and justice, while European settlers should discover their new life in peace and harmony, constituted a major contribution to the life of the new colony. That he had less ostensible success as governor was the result of Colonial Office policy rather than of his own shortcomings.
Robert Fitzroy and Charles Darwin
Robert Fitzroy Links:
A Short Biography of Robert Fitzroy - AboutDarwin.com
Robert Fitzroy Biography - Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
Robert Fitzroy Biography - New Zealand History
Heavy Weather - Science Museum
The Journal of Syms Covington
HMS Beagle Voyage - AboutDarwin.com
The Voyage on the Beagle - Charles Darwin
Make Your Own Barometer
Make Your Own Barometer - Franklin Institute
Hands On Activity: Make Your Own Barometer - Following the Path of Discovery
Make a Barometer - WorldNow
|Scientists & Inventors|
Edison Thomas 1
Edison Thomas 2
Galileo Galilei 1
Galileo Galilei 2
Joule, James Prescott
Leonardo da Vinci
Pavlov & Skinner
Pitch Drop Experiment
Spectrum of Light
|Scientists & Inventors||Science Jokes||Warning!| | <urn:uuid:e6a6e72f-792f-4911-a24a-15d541ce783e> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://physicsdemos.juliantrubin.com/fitzroy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741087.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20181112193627-20181112215627-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.960056 | 1,044 | 3.0625 | 3 |
This is a "Short History" and is not meant to be comprehensive. If you are interested in further reading two resources and links to related web sites are listed below.
For the majority of women, life in the Revolutionary Era centered on the home. Invariably a man was the head of the household and women had a supporting role. If a woman did not have a husband she was probably assisting a parent, relation or master. Women fed the family, made clothing and household essentials, cleaned house and clothing, cared for and supervised the children (her own and any others that might live with the family), and served as nurse and midwife. Few items were purchased and most were manufactured in the home. Kettles, knives, nails, salt and tea would come from shops but candles, soap, clothing and food were domestic produce that took countless hours of work. Life was labor-intensive.
Although common laws were not uniformly enforced, a wife had few legal rights. Under law she could hold no property and a husband was legally entitled to beat her for disobedience. Spinsters and widows, however, could own property and manage property - until they married. Divorce was difficult and rarely granted, although courts did sometimes allow couples to live apart. In a novel approach to the difficulty this presented, couples in Maryland and North and South Carolina drew up divorce agreements, published them in newspapers and considered themselves free to remarry. These were not, of course, legal divorces. Other women simply ran away from bad marriages. Husbands often advertised for runaway wives in the same way they advertised for runaway slaves. In the lower and middle classes, marriages were sometimes made and unmade solely upon mutual consent.
Women indentured servants did not have the freedom to marry without the consent of their master. If they did so they were subject to fines or extension of their service. Women who bore illegitimate children during their service were subject to the same and could also be publicly whipped. Free white women in populated areas could often find employment as maids, cooks, laundresses or seamstresses.
Black women servants, unlike white women servants, worked in the fields as well as the house. During the Revolutionary Era there were laws in the South and in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania against interracial marriage. Black slave women were also subject to sexual exploitation and abuse for which there was no legal recourse.(1)
Diaries of women in the 18th century show hours devoted to ironing, cooking, baking, sewing and knitting. In the Fall women would preserve fruit and vegetables, in the winter they would salt beef and pork and make sausage. These were part of women's chores whether they lived in urban or rural areas. In urban areas labor and materials were more readily available and therefore, for those who could afford it, less time had to be spent on domestic chores.
In addition to domestic work women found gainful employment. In addition to work as maids, cooks, laundresses and seamstresses, women had businesses of their own. As noted before women could inherit their husband's business. Women owned apothecaries, foundries and taverns. They were barbers, midwives, sextons and blacksmiths. Many women took in boarders for extra money. There were also many women printers. While these should not be seen as the norm for women they do illustrate that there was some economic opportunity for women.
Prior to boycotts of British goods, manufactured cloth was inexpensive and in urban areas cloth was usually bought rather than manufactured. However, in rural areas spinning and weaving were important household tasks. It was predominately done by young women, hence the origin of the words "spinster" and the "distaff side". Colonial boycotts of British goods increased the necessity of manufacture and raised the art of spinning from necessity to an act of political protest. At one political gathering on Boston Common, women brought their spinning wheels and worked a full day.(2)
The Revolutionary War disrupted life for many American women. Women either followed their husbands to war or stayed at home to run the business and manage their homes alone.
Many women dressed as men and fought in the war. It was far more common for women to be camp followers. While the word "camp follower" has come to be synonymous with whore, the camp followers of the American Revolution were generally married women (with their children), who followed their husbands. They were recognized as part of the military, receiving rations - half rations for wives and quarter rations for children - and were subject to military discipline. (One woman, for instance, was jailed for using abusive language to an officer.) Camp followers earned pay as cooks, nurses and laundresses.
Women who were left alone were forced by necessity to make decisions that had been left to their husbands. As troops occupied areas many families fled to relatives, adding extra burdens to households. In many areas women were forced to quarter troops.
Proximity to troops and to war also brought about the danger of rape. The Connecticut towns of Fairfield and New Haven were raided in 1779. Women were systematically brutalized and raped in Staten Island and areas in New Jersey when they were occupied in the fall and winter of 1776. Women were kidnapped and held for days in army camps. British troops in Newark went "about the town by night, entering houses and openly inquiring for women."(3)
The ideals of liberty and equality did not come to fully encompass women. However, during the Revolutionary War women voiced their political opinions freely and were considered part of the Revolutionary effort. Despite the freedom of speech and Republican ideals, following the Revolutionary War women were still primarily relegated to the domestic sphere and a women's role was limited by society. However, a woman's role in the household was given greater importance. The Republican woman's duty was to create a supportive, virtuous environment and she was valued for doing so. On the other hand, although domesticity became more important, the definition also became more rigidly defined. Women outside the domestic sphere became less feminine and less acceptable. The result was that women were accepted outside the domestic sphere only in those activities that fit broadly into the domestic context, such as teacher or missionary.
(1)Mary Beth Norton, Liberty's Daughters, Scott Foresman & Co., Boston, 1980, 196.
(2)Linda Grant DePauw, Founding Mothers, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1975, 153.
(3)Mary Beth Norton, Liberty's Daughters, Scott Foresman & Co., Boston, 1980, 203. | <urn:uuid:3ead41b4-6dd8-4e89-a97c-6cb4d24ceb75> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.contemplator.com/history/revwomen.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609532128.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005212-00483-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990505 | 1,344 | 3.953125 | 4 |
Nouns in a sentence
A noun is a person, place, or thing. Nouns can be concrete or abstract. Concrete nouns are things that you can see and touch. Abstract nouns are things that you can't see, like love, or sadness.
Download our Nouns in a sentence worksheet below.
This activity asks children to identify the nouns in each sentence. This grammar worksheet has also been designed for handwriting practice.
Common Core Alignment:
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.1.1.B Use common, proper, and possessive nouns.
google classroom, seesaw, and more
We’re making it easy to find, integrate, and share character-rich, curriculum-aligned resources for Kindergarten to Grade 2. It’s time to streamline virtual learning and make it fun.
In line with both the Common Core Standards (US) and the National Curriculum (UK), children are expected to develop a mastery of grammar that will help them become proficient in their use of written and oral language.
Mastery of grammar requires an understanding of concepts such as the different parts of speech (e.g. noun, verb, adjective), the different tenses of verbs (e.g. play-played, go-went), the plural of nouns (e.g. pen-pens, box-boxes, man-men), the syntax of simple and complex sentences and questions, and the correct use of punctuation. | <urn:uuid:57ff6a72-b4c4-450a-a758-ac06d44319a3> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://au.www.mrswordsmith.com/blogs/free-resources/nouns-in-a-sentence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363376.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207105847-20211207135847-00326.warc.gz | en | 0.909818 | 326 | 4.40625 | 4 |
"CDC - Meningitis: About the Disease." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 24 June 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. <http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/index.html>.
CDC.Revised Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to Vaccinate All Persons Aged 11--18 Years with Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007. Accessed 9/2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5631a3.htm. | <urn:uuid:14fb38dd-8848-4ba9-9ae3-62caba0c405e> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.everettclinic.com/CRS/aha/aha_meningit_crs_refs.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931004988.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155644-00120-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.765093 | 135 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Human beings are pleasure-seeking creatures: We chase after food, drink, and activities that make us feel good, and we seek to repeat that behavior. While this pleasure-seeking behavior is at the core of our evolutionary survival, it can also threaten our very existence when it runs amok. Such is the case with drug or alcohol addiction.
The chemistry of addiction takes place deep in the brain, beginning in the ventral tegmental area, which is the body’s reward-seeking center. The VTA, as it’s called for short, releases a chemical called dopamine in response to pleasure. Dopamine travels to a higher region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens, which is responsible for our emotions and motivation. Here, dopamine produces a surge of euphoria and excitement; this causes us to want to repeat the behavior that has just brought us pleasure.
Stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine cause a tenfold increase the brain’s available amount of dopamine, effectively recalibrating the brain to a “new normal.” If we continue to use these drugs, the brain’s response is to reduce the number of dopamine receptors, until we require more of the same substance to produce the same effect.
Depressants, such as sedatives and alcohol, slow down the brain by inhibiting an excitatory transmitter called glutamate; at the same time, depressants increase GABA, a neurotransmitter that suppresses brain activity. To counteract these effects, the brain must increase its production of adrenaline and norepinephrine, two chemicals that keep us alert and focused.
As we become increasingly dependent on drugs and alcohol, these substances wreak havoc on our bodies. When we come down off our high or wake up after a night of binge drinking, we go through withdrawal as our dopamine levels crash. We have the shakes, headaches, nausea, difficulty breathing, anxiety, and heart palpitations.
In order to counteract the effects of withdrawal, our brain asks for more of the substance that brought it on. This is why we reach for that morning-after drink or hit. Thus, the cycle of addiction continues. Over time, this can cause permanent damage to the brain.
The word addiction comes from the Latin root for “enslavement” – and this is precisely what drugs and alcohol do to us. The cycle can be broken, and help is available. If you or someone you love has a drug or alcohol addiction, reach out to a drug counselor, therapist, treatment center or 12-step group, before it’s too late.
Learning about the illness of addiction helps to save lives. Psychoeducational lectures are part of a comprehensive treatment programme at Smarmore Castle Private Clinic, where lifetime abstinence is the goal. Call us today for information: +353 41 986 5080 | <urn:uuid:fa72f810-ccbe-4ba8-9cca-e9bb899df374> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://smarmore-rehab-clinic.com/blog/04/2020/neuroscience-addiction-how-it-works-brain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488540235.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210623195636-20210623225636-00339.warc.gz | en | 0.918289 | 588 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Production (Design, Illustration, Technology)
Canada’s first publishers were also Canada’s first printers and type designers, hand-setting newspapers and books in small mid-eighteenth-century shops such as that of the Neilsons in Quebec City. In the 1800s, linotype machines and other innovations gradually replaced press-men and compositors and moved publications−now more elaborately produced and often professionally designed−quickly and in greater numbers into the hands of a country eager to read. As competition increased, shops like the Collingwood Bulletin newspaper office widely promoted the acquisition of new equipment and the quality of job printing services. Increased mechanization in the 1900s saw most print shops replaced by printing plants. Making full use of the artistic possibilities new technology offered, innovative mid-century designers such as Carl Dair, Paul Arthur, and Frank Newfeld “dress(ed) our letters in … strong fancy” and brought Canadian book illustration and design to the world stage. Toronto's Coach House Press, on the “bleeding edge of digital technology,” led the way when the tidal wave of computerization hit the publishing scene during the 1960s. Flourishing alongside these head-spinning advancements are Canada's fine presses, including Barbarian Press (Vancouver) and Locks’ Press (Kingston), who have brought the printing arts full circle in designing, printing, and publishing exquisite hand-crafted publications.
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- next › | <urn:uuid:f2dbf7a9-ef5f-4ad8-a380-cacaa98d668a> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://digitalcollections.mcmaster.ca/theme/production-design-illustration-technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400202686.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200922000730-20200922030730-00301.warc.gz | en | 0.944815 | 304 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Square A. Remains of an installation (L10; Fig. 2), built of dressed limestone and fieldstones, were discovered at a depth of 0.8 m below surface. The bottom of the installation was flat and consisted of two rows of rectangular stones. The walls had apparently caved in and their stones were found in the collapse around the installation.
A layer of sand (thickness 0.4 m) beneath Installation 10 covered the southern side of a silo (L16) that was built of medium-sized round stones. The opening of the silo was circular (diam. 0.5–0.6 m; Fig. 3) and it became wider toward the bottom (width at base 1.2 m, height in center 0.82 m).
Another silo (L17; preserved height 0.4 m; Fig. 4) was discovered next to the eastern balk of the square; its eastern side was beyond the excavation limits. The floor of the silo consisted of tamped earth and below it was a layer of hard hamra soil, devoid of finds. The soil fill inside the two silos contained numerous potsherds that dated to the ninth–tenth centuries CE, including bowls (Fig. 5:1–4, 6–8), jugs (Fig. 5:9, 13, 15), a decorated jug (Fig. 5:19), a cooking pot (Fig. 5:22), lamps (Fig. 5:25, 26), as well as glass fragments, animal bones and a bronze coin that was recovered from Silo 17.
Another round installation (L12; Fig. 6), c. 1.4 m south of Silo 17, was built of small fieldstones and preserved two courses high. Its bottom consisted of hamra and it contained soil fill that was devoid of archaeological finds.
Square B. A section of a tamped level (1.50 × 1.85 m), founded on top of natural hamra soil and built of small stones and crushed white chalk, was exposed 0.8 m below surface in the middle of the square. The sandy soil fill above the tamped level contained potsherds from the Early Islamic period, fragments of glass and animal bones. An irregular shaped pit (L11) in the western part of the square was dug to a depth of c. 1.9 m below surface. The pit was filled with light brown sand, which contained numerous fragments of pottery vessels that dated to the Early Islamic period, including bowls (Fig. 5:5), jugs (Fig. 5:10–12), jars (Fig. 5:16–18), decorated jugs (Fig. 5:20,
21), lamps (Fig. 5:23, 24) and a zoomorphic vessel (Fig. 5:27), as well as glass fragments and animal bones.
Square C. The base of a wall (W14) built of small stones and the foundation of a plaster floor that abutted it (L13) were discovered at a depth of 0.8 m below surface. White lime fill with charcoal inclusions was found in-between the stones of the wall. The soil fill that covered the wall and the floor contained potsherds that dated to the Early Islamic period, such as a jug’s base (Fig. 5:14). | <urn:uuid:a54fa073-f59b-4ea4-bb5f-908cae23c338> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1169&mag_id=115 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802770043.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075250-00008-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951788 | 693 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Yes, you’ve been told before. But the truth is, it is likely the most important thing you can do for good dental health. Brushing is your best defense against plaque, the starting place for tartar, cavities, and gum disease.
As the keystone of good dental health, knowing how to brush effectively can significantly reduce your risk of dental problems. Remember that regular maintenance is key—be sure to brush and floss two times a day.
Make an Orderly Habit
First, floss before you brush.
Brush the outside surface of your top teeth first, then the outside of your bottoms. Brush back and forth, making sure that you contact both your teeth and your gums, holding your toothbrush at a 45 degree angle to your teeth.
Pay extra attention to your molars at the back, and remember that you’re likely to brush the teeth on the left side of your mouth better than the right side if you’re right-handed. (And vice-versa.)
Switch to brushing up & down, focusing on each individual tooth, as you move to brush the insides of your top teeth, and then the insides of the bottom.
Finally, go back to long, back and forth strokes to brush the chewing surfaces of your teeth, first for the top, and then the bottom.
It’s a Marathon, Not a Sprint
Two. Whole. Minutes.
That’s how long you should brush for. Yes, that’s quite a while, but this is the mark to shoot for. Set a timer to get used to how long two minutes really is—many people overestimate the amount of time they spend brushing.
Toothbrushes Aren’t Just for Teeth
Your tongue needs regular cleaning, too, and your toothbrush works well for the task. To keep your breath fresh, be sure to brush your tongue when you brush your teeth. This helps to eliminate the bacteria that cause bad breath.
Change Your Toothbrush
When your toothbrush starts to show signs of wear, it’s time for a new one. Even if it’s still looking new, change it out after three months. As toothbrushes can harbor germs, it’s also a good idea to replace your toothbrush as you recover from a cold or other illness to prevent re-infection. Use a toothbrush with soft bristles. Other than that, choose what you’re most comfortable with.
Choose Your Toothpaste
There is a wide variety of toothpaste available, many intended to address specific dental needs. From whitening to tartar control to extra fluoride to sensitive teeth, there is sure to be a toothpaste right for you. Take a moment to speak with your dentist or hygienist at your next appointment to be sure you’re using a type that best supports your individual dental needs. | <urn:uuid:e61ef1d2-ef91-40ee-8249-34b70ed51a37> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://meyerjohnsdental.com/brush-your-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153966.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730091645-20210730121645-00622.warc.gz | en | 0.918289 | 607 | 3.203125 | 3 |
- Ipads have been districuted to all students in grades Kindergarten through second.
- Chromebooks have been distributed to all students in grades three through 11.
Technology FAQs and information
What is a Chromebook?
A Chromebook is an internet only device that runs on the Google Chrome operating system. The Chrome operating system is designed to work in the cloud, so that means everything lives online (not on your laptop) and is the same wherever you sign in. See Google’s “Guardian Guide to Chromebooks” for additional information.
Chromebooks can be connected to your wireless router at home. Should you need internet access at home, there are some low-cost options (see below) or contact your child’s administrator. When accessing the Internet from home using the Chromebook, it will be filtered for inappropriate content.
Student login credentials
Students in grades 5 through 11 should know their Google login and password. If there are questions about this, please contact your building’s technical support personnel (see below) for assistance.
Expectations for use
Student devices checked out to students are like textbooks, a tool for learning. As such, devices are to be used for educational purposes. Devices allow students to access tools and resources not found in traditional offline educational materials. Having access to a device expands the opportunity for students to use those educational tools and resources anytime, anywhere.
The device and power supply are the property of Minnesota Math and Science Academy. Take care of these items so they continue to work well. Report any damage or other issues to the support person listed below as soon as possible.
When a student logs into a Chromebook using their MMSA Google credentials, their internet session will be filtered.
Students may need to participate in Google Meetings with their teachers. Please note that the video portion of a Google Meet can be turned off so that no other users in the meeting can see your child (and whatever is in the background at the child’s home).
Students are to be reminded that all Google Meets may (and most likely will) be recorded and all Google chats will be saved digitally. Please be sure to use appropriate digital citizenship strategies when communicating with other students and teachers.
Cleaning a Chromebook
As with any electronic device, do not spray a cleaner directly on the device. Spray an electronics-approved cleaner directly on the cloth and then wipe down the device.
Caring for a Chromebook
Chromebooks, like all electronic devices, are fragile. Screens can shatter and other damage can occur if not handled properly. Be attentive when young children are using a device so that it is not dropped or otherwise compromised. | <urn:uuid:63d86692-c316-4602-954b-a720b51c3d67> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.mmsaweb.org/devices-for-mmsa-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103573995.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628173131-20220628203131-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.907926 | 572 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Taking ibuprofen can dramatically increase the chances of suffering a life-threatening cardiac arrest according to Danish scientists.
Researchers found the over-the-counter painkiller can make people 31% more likely to suffer the heart condition, which occurs when the organ suddenly stops pumping blood.
Other similar painkillers - known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - also add to the cardiac arrest risk.
Diclofenac raised the chances of cardiac arrest by 50%. Since 2015, diclofenac has only been available through a prescription.
The Danish scientists studied the histories of patients who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 2001 and 2010.
They examined the use of NSAID painkillers during the month before they suffered the cardiac arrest.
In the 10-year period, 28,947 patients had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Of these, 3,376 had been treated with an NSAID up to a month beforehand.
Ibuprofen and diclofenac, the two most popular NSAIDs, were associated with an increased risk of 31% and 50% respectively.
Three other NSAIDs, naproxen, celecoxib and rofecoxib, produced no statistically significant increase in risk, though this could be down to a low sample size.
What is cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood through the body.
Its most common cause is abnormal heart rhythm, which can kill in minutes.
How do the painkillers increase risk of cardiac arrest?
Ibuprofen and diclofenac both affect the cardiovascular system. They influence platelet aggregation - where cell fragments clump together - which can lead to blood clots.
They also cause arteries to constrict, increase fluid retention and raise blood pressure.
Is ibuprofen safe?
Professor Gunnar Gislason, who led the Danish study, wants tighter controls on ibuprofen. Diclofenac is now only available through a prescription, although it was an over-the-counter drug in Britain until 2015.
He said: “Allowing these drugs to be purchased without a prescription, and without any advice or restrictions, sends a message to the public that they must be safe.
“The findings are a stark reminder that NSAIDs are not harmless.
“Diclofenac and ibuprofen, both commonly used drugs, were associated with significantly increased risk of cardiac arrest.
“NSAIDs should be used with caution and for a valid indication. They should probably be avoided in patients with cardiovascular disease or many cardiovascular risk factors.
“I don’t think these drugs should be sold in supermarkets or petrol stations where there is no professional advice on how to use them.
“Over-the-counter NSAIDs should only be available at pharmacies, in limited quantities and in low doses.”
“The current message being sent to the public about NSAIDs is wrong.
Prof Gislason, from Copenhagen University Hospital, warned people not to take more than 1,200 mg of ibuprofen in one day.
He added: “Diclofenac is the riskiest NSAID and should be avoided by patients with cardiovascular disease and the general population.
“Safer drugs are available that have similar painkilling effects so there is no reason to use diclofenac.”
What else could I take?
If you are suffering from a headache or non-nerve pain, try paracetamol instead.
The NHS says: “Two 500mg tablets of paracetamol up to four times a day is a safe dose for adults. Side effects are not common and this dose can be taken regularly for long periods.”
The NHS still says ibuprofen is safe and is better than paracetamol for muscle or nerve pain, but long term use is not recommended. If you are struggling with nerve or muscle pain, discuss it with your doctor.
Consult your GP
Dr Mike Knapton, associate medical director of the British Heart Foundation, said: “The most important point to take away from this study is to discuss all possible treatment options with your doctor, as well as the pros and cons of certain drugs, before you start taking any new medication.
“Although not all NSAIDs were found to be associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest, discussion with your doctor is imperative to make informed choice about the best treatment for you.
“For patients currently taking NSAIDs, including ibuprofen and diclofenac, the risks need to be reviewed and your specialist or GP will be able to advise on potential alternative treatments.” | <urn:uuid:ee8eed92-4e57-47e9-b202-61939f8b6bf2> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/health/could-taking-ibuprofen-actually-bad-12749097 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487612537.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614135913-20210614165913-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.937961 | 1,001 | 2.875 | 3 |
We are the ape that stood on two feet, lost its fur and crossed the globe – but why? New Scientist explores these and other enduring riddles of our past
Why do we walk on two legs, why are we naked and why do we have big brains?
Explore the story of human evolution with this interactive timeline (requires Flash)
NEXT YEAR PREVIEW: 18:00 16 December 2014
A major discovery of hundreds of bones belonging to mysterious early humans may soon add another piece to the puzzle of our messy evolution | <urn:uuid:ea6cf8d5-e8fc-4c9e-b335-5206ab1cca51> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.newscientist.com/special/evolution-puzzle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131301015.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172141-00050-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894734 | 107 | 2.8125 | 3 |
In a press release today the renewable energy companies Vestas and Energias de Portugal Renováveis (EDPR) describe a hybrid demonstration setup based on wind and solar photovoltaics to be installed at an EDPR wind farm in Cádiz, Spain.
An array of 372 kW of solar photovoltaics will be coupled to an existing Vestas V112-3.0 MW turbine. The PV power is fed to the turbine as direct current, which is then converted and transformed by a modified power conversion system inside the turbine before the power is exported to the grid. This setup is expected to increase the overall capacity factor and annual energy production. (Side note: As an example, according to ens.dk, the average capacity factor of wind turbines in Denmark has gone from 10% in 1980 to 31% in 2017, due to larger turbines and many turbines being installed at sea).
From the press release:
For the project, Vestas has upgraded the technical specifications of the turbine’s controllers, converters and design as well as installed new hardware. By connecting wind and solar through the turbine’s power electronics and utilising its full-scale converter, the number of converters is reduced, contributing to lower equipment costs and thus cost of energy.
Bo Svoldgaard, Vestas’ Senior Vice President, Innovation and Concepts adds:
“This project demonstrates the mutual benefits of collaboration between Vestas and EDPR and how wind and solar through their complementarity bring cost of energy further down and can deliver stable energy production. The learnings will accelerate the execution on our strategy of integrating and combining renewable power as the market looks to absorb more renewable energy in the future.”
This is a very smart move in order to get more knowledge on how to improve on the problem of intermittency in renewables. It will be interesting to see whether this approach of mixing wind and solar at the facility itself will further reduce the need for battery storage. The lesser the intermittency the lesser storage capacity is needed to even out the last bumps to secure a stable supply of electricity to the consumer. CleanTechnica covered one such partnership between Vestas and Northvolt last year.
It is an absolute competitive advantage for utility companies to increase the overall capacity factor on pure renewables. In this case, it’s a clever way of using existing technology to bring down costs further.
Avots: Clean Technica | <urn:uuid:21b0e11f-0865-402d-9432-7bbe45afd116> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://smartcity.lv/vestas-to-test-solar-wind-hybrid-system-in-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107910204.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20201030093118-20201030123118-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.928145 | 499 | 2.515625 | 3 |
By Peter Ruddle
Zambia Quick Facts
Capital City: Lusaka
Official Language: English
Currency: Zambian Kwacha (ZMW)
Size: 752,614 Km2 (Slightly larger than Texas)
Historical Hunting Overview
Since the country’s independence in 1964, hunting operations in Zambia have endured numerous hunting bans. The first elephant hunting ban was implemented in 1982. All hunting operators’ licenses were revoked in 2001 and put out for tender in 2002 and reinstated in 2003.
From 2005 to 2013, a limited quota of 20 elephant bulls was made available to foreign clients. In 2013 all hunting was banned on public land for a year, so that a coordinated game census could be undertaken. The ban was lifted in 2014, and elephant hunting resumed the same year, while leopard hunting remained closed until 2015, and lion hunting until 2016/2017. As things stand at the moment, Zambia is open for business.
Game Management Areas
30% (23 million hectares / 56, 350,000 acres) of Zambia is reserved for wildlife. This includes 20 national parks and 36 adjacent Game Management Areas (GMA), overseen by the Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and excludes privately fenced and unfenced game ranches and conservancies. These privately managed wildlife habitats range from 1,000 hectares to over 30,000 hectares.
ZAWA was established as the corporate body to transform the National Parks and Wildlife Services Department by an Act in parliament, the Zambian Wildlife Act No. 12 of 1998, to revamp and implement Zambia’s wildlife policy. This autonomous body is responsible to the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources and the authority that regulates and supervise these GMAs.
Also known as concessions, GMAs border the national parks and are intended to act as buffer zones. These community-owned lands are between 3,000 and 6,000 km2 and incorporate a variety of habitats and varying degrees of wildlife densities. They are used primarily for regulated hunting, and there are also a few photographic safari operators. High density wildlife populations from the core national park reservoir areas disperse into these GMAs, providing a surplus for sustainable hunting.
Contracted safari outfitters and the local communities are responsible for the management of these GMAs. Commercial safari hunting operators are the main revenue contributors towards these isolated rural communities. The income generated from hunting serves as incentive to protect the wildlife from poaching and overutilization. Apart from the limited employment opportunities these operators offer, they invest in community improvement projects, such as building schools, hospitals, and providing safe clean drinking water. Hunters visiting these areas often contribute to the outfitter’s humanitarian projects. Hunters are also charged a community and/or conservation levy, that goes for community projects and anti-poaching patrols.
These GMAs are classified according to their location, game numbers and huntable iconic species, all of which determine the GMA (concession) fees.
Popular Hunting Destinations
- Luangwa Valley
Without doubt, the Luangwa Valley is recognised as one of Africa’s premier hunting destinations. South Luangwa National Park is the country’s flagship national park known for its leopard sightings and concentrated hippo herds of the receding Luangwa River waters during the dry season. The valley lies between the impressive Muchinga escarpment and Nyika Plateau. The river banks are shaded by large, Vachellia trees (formerly Acacia trees), ebony and mahogany trees, whilst the interior open savanna habitats are dominated by mopane woodland and scrublands. Elephant, lion, leopard, buffalo and limited number of sable and roan antelope are the iconic species hunted in the region.
- Kafue Region
This Kafue River and Kafue Flats region are named after the Kafue River which drains into the Zambezi River near the border town of Chirundu. The flats when flooded creates the most perfect Kafue lechwe habitat and wetlands attracting a variety of aquatic birds. The rest of the region is covered by miombo woodlands and well adapted to the many bushfires that flare up in the region. Game populations in some GMAs have declined due to poaching problems.
- Bangweulu Swamps
This +6,000 km2 swamp has been declared one of the world’s most important wetlands and home to three sought after African aquatic species, black lechwe, Kafue lechwe and sitatunga. Of the three species, the sitatunga is the most difficult to hunt. Lookout platforms are purposely built to overlook the huge papyrus reedbeds and stretches of open water to patiently wait for a suitable trophy to break cover from the reeds to feed on the aquatic vegetation growing along the fringes of the impenetrable reedbeds.
- Private Ranches and Conservancies
Affordable plains game hunting is available in numerous areas around the country in the privately owned properties where numerous game species have been reintroduced and are an option to collect those endemic or sought after species.
Climate and Hunting Season
Although there is no set hunting season, most operators only operate from 1 May – 30 November. This self-imposed hunting season is tied to the start of the summer rains and high temperatures. During the wet season roads and tracks become impassable, especially the black cotton (clay) soils in areas like Luangwa. Even September to November can be uncomfortable when high temperatures are expected prior to the onset of the rains. Late May to August are the prime hunting months.
Many of the temporary wilderness hunting camps are rebuilt each year after the rains. The majority of these classic safari camps compose of spacious ensuite tents with hot and cold running water. Those not using solar have generators to provide electricity for a limited period each day. Thatch or reed structures are used as dining and sitting areas. Most evenings are spent around the campfire.
Lodgings at the private ranches compares favourably with the hunting lodges found in Namibia and South Africa. These lodges range from extremely comfortable to luxurious with all the modern day conveniences.
Available Hunting Species
|Big 5 Species|
|Kudu, Greater Southern|
|* Lechwe, Black|
|* Lechwe, Kafue|
|Sable, West Zambian|
|Waterbuck, Crawshay’s Defassa|
|* Wildebeest, Cookson’s|
|Zebra, Boehm’s Zebra or Grant’s|
|Zebra, Crawshay’s |
Spurfowl & Francolin (Partridge)
Black and Kafue lechwe, and Cookson’s hartebeest (marked *) are endemic species, found only in Zambia.
When travelling to a foreign country to hunt always ensure that you are aware and comply with the most important legalities required by the country you are visiting and while you are there you may consider taking a side trip to see some of the tourist attractions and splendours on offer.
- By law all foreign hunters are required to hunt with a registered safari company that has the hinting rights and quota to the area you will be hunting.
- Only registered outfitters will be able to export your trophies and arrange your firearm import/export permits.
- The hunting license will specify the species, quota and area where the animal may be hunted.
- Hunting licenses must be prearranged and purchased before the safari commences and are non-refundable.
- Licenses may only be used by the specified hunter and may not be shared.
- Combination licenses for different areas and species may be arranged on request.
- The original hunting licenses and GMA permits must be carried in person whilst hunting. The print-out must be given to the Game Scout during the hunt, who along with the client and PH must sign the ZAWA 14 form at the end of the safari. Failure to follow the due process will mean that your trophies will not be exportable.
- The minimum number of days for the safari will depend upon the species to be hunted and strictly controlled by government:
- Mini Hunting License (7 day license) – may include a buffalo and a maximum of 7 plains game species.
- Special Hunting license (5-7 day license) – often purchased specifically to hunt lechwe and sitatunga. Often purchased as a hunt extension hunt to a classical hunt.
- Classical Hunting License (10-28 day license) – these licenses are required when hunting elephant, the big cats, sable and roan antelope.
Firearms and Ammunition
A number of different airlines travel to Africa, some of which have banned the transportation of firearms on their flights. Prior to booking you ticket you need to ensure that your carrier will permit the transportation of firearms on your flight. It is important that you familiarize yourself with the latest laws and regulations for hunters traveling with firearms and ammunition as each airline and country has different regulations (click here for more information).
Zambia legalised bowhunting in Zambia in 1993 and the country offers incredible bowhunting opportunities. Many outfitters have limited bowhunting experience so choose your PH very carefully. There are no minimum equipment requirements however your outfitter will be able to provide you with some sensible guidelines. Elephant, lion, leopard, buffalo, hippo and crocodile may all be hunted with a bow. Bow importation to Zambia does require a Temporary Firearms Import Permit (TIP) from ZAWA. Crossbows may not be imported into the country.
- Minimum calibre for plains game – there are no laws pertaining to the minimum calibre that can be used for hunting. It is recommended that nothing less than a .270 is used for smaller plains game.
- Minimum calibre for dangerous game – by law no calibre less than .300 may be used on species like leopard and lions.
- Minimum calibre for pachyderms and buffalo – a minimum of a .375 calibre is required when hunting elephant, hippo and buffalo.
Trophy Export/Import Restrictions
Elephants and leopards from Zambia are classified as ‘Threatened’ by the US Fish and Wildlife Services (USF&W) and require a CITES 1 enhancement permit for importation into the States. Unfortunately the EU and Australia do not always follow suit, so check with your outfitter if any of the species you would like to hunt need a CITES 1 or 11 permit.
Listed below are some of the more important hunting laws you should be aware of:
- Hunting may only take place during daylight hours. No hunting is allowed at night or with an artificial light.
- Hunting of pregnant female animals or with dependent young is prohibited.
- Hunting from a vehicle is not permitted and rifles may not be discharged within 250 metres of a motorised vehicle, boat or aircraft.
- No baiting is permitted prior to the hunt and bait animals must form part of your license quota.
The visa and health information should only be used as a guideline. When making your travel arrangements ensure that you get the latest information in this regard.
A passport and visa are required to enter Zambia. Passports must be valid for at least six months upon arrival and have at least three blank pages upon each entry. Zambian entry visas can be obtained online through the Department of Immigration’s e-Services website or upon arrival at any port of entry.
Visit your doctor at least a month before you travel. The following vaccinations, medicines and precautions are recommended:
- COVID-19: You should be fully vaccinated before travel.
- Cholera: The vaccination is only required when active cases are reported.
- Hepatitis A & B: Recommended for unvaccinated travellers.
- Malaria: Hunters are recommended to take prescription medicine to prevent malaria.
- Rabies: If you are bitten by a dog or other strange behaving animal while in Zambia, seek medical attention. Do not pet strange dogs.
- Typhoid: Recommended for most travellers.
- Yellow Fever: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission.
Insect repellents for biting flies, ticks and mosquitoes are provided in most camps. You outfitter will also updated you with eth latest information and health requirements.
Most hunters flying to Zambia use either Lusaka (Kenneth Kaunda International Airport) or Livingstone Airports (Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport) as their port of entry. In many instances this may require flying via South Africa to get there. Depending on your arrival time in Johannesburg (South Africa) you may have to overnight. If this be the case, you will have to complete the firearm importation formalities for South Africa as well as Zambia if travelling with a rifle(s).
Two other regional airports used by hunters are Ndola as a local hub for charter flights and Mfuwe for those flying to Luangwa to reach their final safari destinations.
For those requiring an overnight layover in Lusaka or Livingstone, both cities offer an array of hotel options.
Non-Hunting Tourist Attractions and Activities
Some hunting clients, especially those travelling with family and partners use the opportunities to experience some of the local tourist destinations. Listed below are some of these popular destinations:
- Victoria Falls: Known as one of the seven greatest natural wonders of the world due to being the largest sheet of falling water (355 feet high and over a mile long) in the world.
- South Luangwa National Park: Boasts one of the highest concentrations of wildlife in all of Africa.
- Lower Zambezi National Park: A remote pristine wilderness. Also renowned for its tiger fishing.
- Kafue National Park: The second-biggest park in all of Africa, roughly equal in size to the State of Massachusetts.
- Lake Kashiba: One of the country’s best hidden gems. It is often referred to as a “sunken lake” because the surface level of the water is 30 feet below the floor of the surrounding forest.
- Lake Kariba: The world’s largest man-made reservoir, a popular house boat and tiger fish destination.
- Kasanka National Park: In late November to December, around 10 million fruit bats create the largest mammal migration in the world.
- Liuwa Plain National Park: Hosts the second largest wildebeest migration in Africa – but without the crowds.
- Sioma Ngwezi and Ngonye Falls National Park: An up and coming popular tourist destination with excellent tiger fishing.
- Adventure Attractions: Livingstone is the adventure capital of Africa offering white-water rafting and jet boat rides in the Zambezi Gorge, bungee jumping from the Vic Falls bridge, micro-light flights over the falls, helicopter rides and elephant back safaris.
- Day Visits: If you find yourself in either Lusaka or Livingstone looking for more of a cultural experience why not visit the following:
- Livingstone: Was named after the missionary and explorer David Livingstone. It has a number of museums where you can learn about the local history. The Livingstone museum is the oldest museum in the country.
- Lusaka: For your everyday shopping requirements (pre-safari) you can visit the Eastpark Mall and if you have time on your hands and looking for something different, you can visit the Zambia National Museum, Kalimba Reptile Park or 37D Art Gallery. If you are in town on a Sunday, the Sunday Craft Market is a great place to buy presents to take home for family and friends.
Professional Hunting Associations
Should you require more information about hunting in Zambia or wish to get an association member’s reference, you can contact the following associations: | <urn:uuid:aef92242-ffb1-41f2-8888-d86eadfab333> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://blog.bookyourhunt.com/hunting-in-zambia-what-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662601401.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526035036-20220526065036-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.899237 | 3,696 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated prion protein by post mortem tests. Unless a random sample of the sheep or goat population is actively monitored for scrapie, identification of scrapie cases relies on the reporting of clinical suspects, which is dependent on the individual's familiarization with the disease and ability to recognize clinical signs associated with scrapie. Scrapie may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in small ruminants, particularly in countries with low scrapie prevalence, or not recognized if it presents as nonpruritic form like atypical scrapie. To aid in the identification of clinical suspects, a short examination protocol is presented to assess the display of specific clinical signs associated with pruritic and nonpruritic forms of TSEs in sheep, which could also be applied to goats. This includes assessment of behavior, vision (by testing of the menace response), pruritus (by testing the response to scratching), and movement (with and without blindfolding). This may lead to a more detailed neurologic examination of reporting animals as scrapie suspects. It could also be used in experimental TSE studies of sheep or goats to evaluate disease progression or to identify clinical end-point.
26 Related JoVE Articles!
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
Institutions: Monash University, Monash University.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical operation for cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy in patients who have failed conservative treatment1,5
. Since the operation was first described by Cloward2
and Smith and Robinson6
in 1958, a variety refinements in technique, graft material and implants have been made3
. In particular, there is a need for safe osteoinductive agents that could benefit selected patients. The ovine model has been shown to have anatomical, biomechanical, bone density and radiological properties that are similar to the human counterpart, the most similar level being C3/44
. It is therefore an ideal model in which preclinical studies can be performed. In particular this methodology may be useful to researchers interested in evaluating different devices and biologics, including stem cells, for potential application in human spinal surgery.
Medicine, Issue 32, Anterior cervical discectomy, interbody fusion, spine fusion, stem cells, biologics, spine instrumentation, interbody cage
Impulsive Pressurization of Neuronal Cells for Traumatic Brain Injury Study
Institutions: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
A novel impulsive cell pressurization experiment has been developed using a Kolsky bar device to investigate blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI). We demonstrate in this video article how blast TBI-relevant impulsive pressurization is applied to the neuronal cells in vitro. This is achieved by using well-controlled pressure pulse created by a specialized Kolsky bar device, with complete pressure history within the cell pressurization chamber recorded. Pressurized neuronal cells are inspected immediately after pressurization, or further incubated to examine the long-term effects of impulsive pressurization on neurite/axonal outgrowth, neuronal gene expression, apoptosis, etc. We observed that impulsive pressurization at about 2 MPa induces distinct neurite loss relative to unpressurized cells. Our technique provides a novel method to investigate the molecular/cellular mechanisms of blast TBI, via impulsive pressurization of brain cells at well-controlled pressure magnitude and duration.
Bioengineering, Issue 56, Neuroscience, Traumatic Brain Injury, Neuronal Cells, Neurons, Impulsive Pressurization, Blast-TBI
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
Institutions: University of Zurich.
Mori's Uncanny Valley Hypothesis1,2
proposes that the perception of humanlike characters such as robots and, by extension, avatars (computer-generated characters) can evoke negative or positive affect (valence) depending on the object's degree of visual and behavioral realism along a dimension of human likeness
) (Figure 1
). But studies of affective valence of subjective responses to variously realistic non-human characters have produced inconsistent findings 3, 4, 5, 6
. One of a number of reasons for this is that human likeness is not perceived as the hypothesis assumes. While the DHL can be defined following Mori's description as a smooth linear change in the degree of physical humanlike similarity, subjective perception of objects along the DHL can be understood in terms of the psychological effects of categorical perception (CP) 7
. Further behavioral and neuroimaging investigations of category processing and CP along the DHL and of the potential influence of the dimension's underlying category structure on affective experience are needed. This protocol therefore focuses on the DHL and allows examination of CP. Based on the protocol presented in the video as an example, issues surrounding the methodology in the protocol and the use in "uncanny" research of stimuli drawn from morph continua to represent the DHL are discussed in the article that accompanies the video. The use of neuroimaging and morph stimuli to represent the DHL in order to disentangle brain regions neurally responsive to physical human-like similarity from those responsive to category change and category processing is briefly illustrated.
Behavior, Issue 76, Neuroscience, Neurobiology, Molecular Biology, Psychology, Neuropsychology, uncanny valley, functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, categorical perception, virtual reality, avatar, human likeness, Mori, uncanny valley hypothesis, perception, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, imaging, clinical techniques
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
Institutions: Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New York University , New York University , New York University .
Most of the choices we make have uncertain consequences. In some cases the probabilities for different possible outcomes are precisely known, a condition termed "risky". In other cases when probabilities cannot be estimated, this is a condition described as "ambiguous". While most people are averse to both risk and ambiguity1,2
, the degree of those aversions vary substantially across individuals, such that the subjective value
of the same risky or ambiguous option can be very different for different individuals. We combine functional MRI (fMRI) with an experimental economics-based method3
to assess the neural representation of the subjective values of risky and ambiguous options4
. This technique can be now used to study these neural representations in different populations, such as different age groups and different patient populations.
In our experiment, subjects make consequential choices between two alternatives while their neural activation is tracked using fMRI. On each trial subjects choose between lotteries that vary in their monetary amount and in either the probability of winning that amount or the ambiguity level associated with winning. Our parametric design allows us to use each individual's choice behavior to estimate their attitudes towards risk and ambiguity, and thus to estimate the subjective values that each option held for them. Another important feature of the design is that the outcome of the chosen lottery is not revealed during the experiment, so that no learning can take place, and thus the ambiguous options remain ambiguous and risk attitudes are stable. Instead, at the end of the scanning session one or few trials are randomly selected and played for real money. Since subjects do not know beforehand which trials will be selected, they must treat each and every trial as if it and it alone was the one trial on which they will be paid. This design ensures that we can estimate the true subjective value of each option to each subject. We then look for areas in the brain whose activation is correlated with the subjective value of risky options and for areas whose activation is correlated with the subjective value of ambiguous options.
Neuroscience, Issue 67, Medicine, Molecular Biology, fMRI, magnetic resonance imaging, decision-making, value, uncertainty, risk, ambiguity
Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults
Institutions: Emory University School of Medicine, Brigham and Woman‘s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital.
Adapted tango dancing improves mobility and balance in older adults and additional populations with balance impairments. It is composed of very simple step elements. Adapted tango involves movement initiation and cessation, multi-directional perturbations, varied speeds and rhythms. Focus on foot placement, whole body coordination, and attention to partner, path of movement, and aesthetics likely underlie adapted tango’s demonstrated efficacy for improving mobility and balance. In this paper, we describe the methodology to disseminate the adapted tango teaching methods to dance instructor trainees and to implement the adapted tango by the trainees in the community for older adults and individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Efficacy in improving mobility (measured with the Timed Up and Go, Tandem stance, Berg Balance Scale, Gait Speed and 30 sec chair stand), safety and fidelity of the program is maximized through targeted instructor and volunteer training and a structured detailed syllabus outlining class practices and progression.
Behavior, Issue 94, Dance, tango, balance, pedagogy, dissemination, exercise, older adults, Parkinson's Disease, mobility impairments, falls
Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies
Institutions: Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Research Centre Jülich GmbH.
As cognitive neuroscience methods develop, established experimental tasks are used with emerging brain imaging modalities. Here transferring a paradigm (the visual oddball task) with a long history of behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment is considered. The aims of this paper are to briefly describe fMRI and when its use is appropriate in cognitive neuroscience; illustrate how task design can influence the results of an fMRI experiment, particularly when that task is borrowed from another imaging modality; explain the practical aspects of performing an fMRI experiment. It is demonstrated that manipulating the task demands in the visual oddball task results in different patterns of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation. The nature of the fMRI BOLD measure means that many brain regions are found to be active in a particular task. Determining the functions of these areas of activation is very much dependent on task design and analysis. The complex nature of many fMRI tasks means that the details of the task and its requirements need careful consideration when interpreting data. The data show that this is particularly important in those tasks relying on a motor response as well as cognitive elements and that covert and
overt responses should be considered where possible. Furthermore, the data show that transferring an EEG paradigm to an fMRI experiment needs careful consideration and it cannot be assumed that the same paradigm will work equally well across imaging modalities. It is therefore recommended that the design of an fMRI study is pilot tested behaviorally to establish the effects of interest and then pilot tested in the fMRI environment to ensure appropriate design, implementation and analysis for the effects of interest.
Behavior, Issue 91, fMRI, task design, data interpretation, cognitive neuroscience, visual oddball task, target detection
Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
Institutions: University of Notre Dame.
The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys are composed of functional units known as nephrons, which are highly conserved with other vertebrates, including mammals. Research in zebrafish has recently demonstrated that two distinctive phenomena transpire after adult nephrons incur damage: first, there is robust regeneration within existing nephrons that replaces the destroyed tubule epithelial cells; second, entirely new nephrons are produced from renal progenitors in a process known as neonephrogenesis. In contrast, humans and other mammals seem to have only a limited ability for nephron epithelial regeneration. To date, the mechanisms responsible for these kidney regeneration phenomena remain poorly understood. Since adult zebrafish kidneys undergo both nephron epithelial regeneration and neonephrogenesis, they provide an outstanding experimental paradigm to study these events. Further, there is a wide range of genetic and pharmacological tools available in the zebrafish model that can be used to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate renal regeneration. One essential aspect of such research is the evaluation of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes a set of labeling techniques that can be used to gauge renal composition and test nephron functionality in the adult zebrafish kidney. Thus, these methods are widely applicable to the future phenotypic characterization of adult zebrafish kidney injury paradigms, which include but are not limited to, nephrotoxicant exposure regimes or genetic methods of targeted cell death such as the nitroreductase mediated cell ablation technique. Further, these methods could be used to study genetic perturbations in adult kidney formation and could also be applied to assess renal status during chronic disease modeling.
Cellular Biology, Issue 90,
zebrafish; kidney; nephron; nephrology; renal; regeneration; proximal tubule; distal tubule; segment; mesonephros; physiology; acute kidney injury (AKI)
Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
Institutions: University of Würzburg.
In both mammals and insects neuronal information is processed in different higher and lower order brain centers. These centers are coupled via convergent and divergent anatomical connections including feed forward and feedback wiring. Furthermore, information of the same origin is partially sent via parallel pathways to different and sometimes into the same brain areas. To understand the evolutionary benefits as well as the computational advantages of these wiring strategies and especially their temporal dependencies on each other, it is necessary to have simultaneous access to single neurons of different tracts or neuropiles in the same preparation at high temporal resolution. Here we concentrate on honeybees by demonstrating a unique extracellular long term access to record multi unit activity at two subsequent neuropiles1
, the antennal lobe (AL), the first olfactory processing stage and the mushroom body (MB), a higher order integration center involved in learning and memory formation, or two parallel neuronal tracts2
connecting the AL with the MB. The latter was chosen as an example and will be described in full. In the supporting video the construction and permanent insertion of flexible multi channel wire electrodes is demonstrated. Pairwise differential amplification of the micro wire electrode channels drastically reduces the noise and verifies that the source of the signal is closely related to the position of the electrode tip. The mechanical flexibility of the used wire electrodes allows stable invasive long term recordings over many hours up to days, which is a clear advantage compared to conventional extra and intracellular in vivo
Neuroscience, Issue 89, honeybee brain, olfaction, extracellular long term recordings, double recordings, differential wire electrodes, single unit, multi-unit recordings
Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
Institutions: Alpert Medical School, Brown University, University of Georgia.
Complementary structural and functional neuroimaging techniques used to examine the Default Mode Network (DMN) could potentially improve assessments of psychiatric illness severity and provide added validity to the clinical diagnostic process. Recent neuroimaging research suggests that DMN processes may be disrupted in a number of stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Although specific DMN functions remain under investigation, it is generally thought to be involved in introspection and self-processing. In healthy individuals it exhibits greatest activity during periods of rest, with less activity, observed as deactivation, during cognitive tasks, e.g.
, working memory. This network consists of the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, lateral parietal cortices and medial temporal regions.
Multiple functional and structural imaging approaches have been developed to study the DMN. These have unprecedented potential to further the understanding of the function and dysfunction of this network. Functional approaches, such as the evaluation of resting state connectivity and task-induced deactivation, have excellent potential to identify targeted neurocognitive and neuroaffective (functional) diagnostic markers and may indicate illness severity and prognosis with increased accuracy or specificity. Structural approaches, such as evaluation of morphometry and connectivity, may provide unique markers of etiology and long-term outcomes. Combined, functional and structural methods provide strong multimodal, complementary and synergistic approaches to develop valid DMN-based imaging phenotypes in stress-related psychiatric conditions. This protocol aims to integrate these methods to investigate DMN structure and function in PTSD, relating findings to illness severity and relevant clinical factors.
Medicine, Issue 89, default mode network, neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, structural connectivity, functional connectivity, posttraumatic stress disorder
Measurement Of Neuromagnetic Brain Function In Pre-school Children With Custom Sized MEG
Institutions: Macquarie University.
Magnetoencephalography is a technique that detects magnetic fields associated with cortical activity . The electrophysiological activity of the brain generates electric fields - that can be recorded using electroencephalography (EEG)- and their concomitant magnetic fields - detected by MEG. MEG signals are detected by specialized sensors known as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Superconducting sensors require cooling with liquid helium at -270 °C. They are contained inside a vacumm-insulated helmet called a dewar, which is filled with liquid. SQUIDS are placed in fixed positions inside the helmet dewar in the helium coolant, and a subject's head is placed inside the helmet dewar for MEG measurements. The helmet dewar must be sized to satisfy opposing constraints. Clearly, it must be large enough to fit most or all of the heads in the population that will be studied. However, the helmet must also be small enough to keep most of the SQUID sensors within range of the tiny cerebral fields that they are to measure. Conventional whole-head MEG systems are designed to accommodate more than 90% of adult heads. However adult systems are not well suited for measuring brain function in pre-school chidren whose heads have a radius several cm smaller than adults. The KIT-Macquarie Brain Research Laboratory at Macquarie University uses a MEG system custom sized to fit the heads of pre-school children. This child system has 64 first-order axial gradiometers with a 50 mm baseline and is contained inside a magnetically-shielded room (MSR) together with a conventional adult-sized MEG system [3,4]. There are three main advantages of the customized helmet dewar for studying children. First, the smaller radius of the sensor configuration brings the SQUID sensors into range of the neuromagnetic signals of children's heads. Second, the smaller helmet allows full insertion of a child's head into the dewar. Full insertion is prevented in adult dewar helmets because of the smaller crown to shoulder distance in children. These two factors are fundamental in recording brain activity using MEG because neuromagnetic signals attenuate rapidly with distance. Third, the customized child helmet aids in the symmetric positioning of the head and limits the freedom of movement of the child's head within the dewar. When used with a protocol that aligns the requirements of data collection with the motivational and behavioral capacities of children, these features significantly facilitate setup, positioning, and measurement of MEG signals.
Neuroscience, Issue 36, Magnetoencephalography, Pediatrics, Brain Mapping, Language, Brain Development, Cognitive Neuroscience, Language Acquisition, Linguistics
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Institutions: Case Western Reserve University.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was initially approved for use in rotator cuff arthropathy and well as chronic pseudoparalysis without arthritis in patients who were not appropriate for tendon transfer reconstructions. Traditional surgical options for these patients were limited and functional results were sub-optimal and at times catastrophic. The use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty has been found to effectively restore these patients function and relieve symptoms associated with their disease. The procedure can be done through two approaches, the deltopectoral or the superolateral. Complication rates associated with the use of the prosthesis have ranged from 8-60% with more recent reports trending lower as experienced is gained. Salvage options for a failed reverse shoulder prosthesis are limited and often have significant associated disability. Indications for the use of this prosthesis continue to be evaluated including its use for revision arthroplasty, proximal humeral fracture and tumor. Careful patient selection is essential because of the significant risks associated with the procedure.
Medicine, Issue 53, Reverse, Total, Shoulder, Arthroplasty, Rotator Cuff, Arthropathy, Arthritis, Glenoid, Humerus, Fracture
Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
Institutions: Indiana University School of Medicine.
Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, social, and economical effects are staggering. Therefore, further research into the effects of TBI and effective treatments is necessary. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model induces traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe. This method uses a rigid impactor to deliver mechanical energy to an intact dura exposed following a craniectomy. Impact is made under precise parameters at a set velocity to achieve a pre-determined deformation depth. Although other TBI models, such as weight drop and fluid percussion, exist, CCI is more accurate, easier to control, and most importantly, produces traumatic brain injuries similar to those seen in humans. However, no TBI model is currently able to reproduce pathological changes identical to those seen in human patients. The CCI model allows investigation into the short-term and long-term effects of TBI, such as neuronal death, memory deficits, and cerebral edema, as well as potential therapeutic treatments for TBI.
Medicine, Issue 90, controlled cortical impact, traumatic brain injury, cortical contusion
Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
Institutions: UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London.
EEG is traditionally described as a neuroimaging technique with high temporal and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in biophysical modelling and signal processing make it possible to exploit information from other imaging modalities like structural MRI that provide high spatial resolution to overcome this constraint1
. This is especially useful for investigations that require high resolution in the temporal as well as spatial domain. In addition, due to the easy application and low cost of EEG recordings, EEG is often the method of choice when working with populations, such as young children, that do not tolerate functional MRI scans well. However, in order to investigate which neural substrates are involved, anatomical information from structural MRI is still needed. Most EEG analysis packages work with standard head models that are based on adult anatomy. The accuracy of these models when used for children is limited2
, because the composition and spatial configuration of head tissues changes dramatically over development3
In the present paper, we provide an overview of our recent work in utilizing head models based on individual structural MRI scans or age specific head models to reconstruct the cortical generators of high density EEG. This article describes how EEG recordings are acquired, processed, and analyzed with pediatric populations at the London Baby Lab, including laboratory setup, task design, EEG preprocessing, MRI processing, and EEG channel level and source analysis.
Behavior, Issue 88, EEG, electroencephalogram, development, source analysis, pediatric, minimum-norm estimation, cognitive neuroscience, event-related potentials
A Proboscis Extension Response Protocol for Investigating Behavioral Plasticity in Insects: Application to Basic, Biomedical, and Agricultural Research
Institutions: Arizona State University.
Insects modify their responses to stimuli through experience of associating those stimuli with events important for survival (e.g.
, food, mates, threats). There are several behavioral mechanisms through which an insect learns salient associations and relates them to these events. It is important to understand this behavioral plasticity for programs aimed toward assisting insects that are beneficial for agriculture. This understanding can also be used for discovering solutions to biomedical and agricultural problems created by insects that act as disease vectors and pests. The Proboscis Extension Response (PER) conditioning protocol was developed for honey bees (Apis mellifera
) over 50 years ago to study how they perceive and learn about floral odors, which signal the nectar and pollen resources a colony needs for survival. The PER procedure provides a robust and easy-to-employ framework for studying several different ecologically relevant mechanisms of behavioral plasticity. It is easily adaptable for use with several other insect species and other behavioral reflexes. These protocols can be readily employed in conjunction with various means for monitoring neural activity in the CNS via electrophysiology or bioimaging, or for manipulating targeted neuromodulatory pathways. It is a robust assay for rapidly detecting sub-lethal effects on behavior caused by environmental stressors, toxins or pesticides.
We show how the PER protocol is straightforward to implement using two procedures. One is suitable as a laboratory exercise for students or for quick assays of the effect of an experimental treatment. The other provides more thorough control of variables, which is important for studies of behavioral conditioning. We show how several measures for the behavioral response ranging from binary yes/no to more continuous variable like latency and duration of proboscis extension can be used to test hypotheses. And, we discuss some pitfalls that researchers commonly encounter when they use the procedure for the first time.
Neuroscience, Issue 91, PER, conditioning, honey bee, olfaction, olfactory processing, learning, memory, toxin assay
Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
Institutions: Georgia Regents University, New York University, Georgia Regents University, Georgia Regents University.
Characterizing hyolaryngeal movement is important to dysphagia research. Prior methods require multiple measurements to obtain one kinematic measurement whereas coordinate mapping of hyolaryngeal mechanics using Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) uses one set of coordinates to calculate multiple variables of interest. For demonstration purposes, ten kinematic measurements were generated from one set of coordinates to determine differences in swallowing two different bolus types. Calculations of hyoid excursion against the vertebrae and mandible are correlated to determine the importance of axes of reference.
To demonstrate coordinate mapping methodology, 40 MBS studies were randomly selected from a dataset of healthy normal subjects with no known swallowing impairment. A 5 ml thin-liquid bolus and a 5 ml pudding swallows were measured from each subject. Nine coordinates, mapping the cranial base, mandible, vertebrae and elements of the hyolaryngeal complex, were recorded at the frames of minimum and maximum hyolaryngeal excursion. Coordinates were mathematically converted into ten variables of hyolaryngeal mechanics.
Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Two-tailed t-tests were used to evaluate differences in kinematics by bolus viscosity. Hyoid excursion measurements against different axes of reference were correlated. Inter-rater reliability among six raters for the 18 coordinates ranged from ICC = 0.90 - 0.97. A slate of ten kinematic measurements was compared by subject between the six raters. One outlier was rejected, and the mean of the remaining reliability scores was ICC = 0.91, 0.84 - 0.96, 95% CI. Two-tailed t-tests with Bonferroni corrections comparing ten kinematic variables (5 ml thin-liquid vs. 5 ml pudding swallows) showed statistically significant differences in hyoid excursion, superior laryngeal movement, and pharyngeal shortening (p
< 0.005). Pearson correlations of hyoid excursion measurements from two different axes of reference were: r = 0.62, r2
= 0.38, (thin-liquid); r = 0.52, r2
= 0.27, (pudding).
Obtaining landmark coordinates is a reliable method to generate multiple kinematic variables from video fluoroscopic images useful in dysphagia research.
Medicine, Issue 87, videofluoroscopy, modified barium swallow studies, hyolaryngeal kinematics, deglutition, dysphagia, dysphagia research, hyolaryngeal complex
In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
Institutions: University of California San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, Xradia Inc..
This study demonstrates a novel biomechanics testing protocol. The advantage of this protocol includes the use of an in situ
loading device coupled to a high resolution X-ray microscope, thus enabling visualization of internal structural elements under simulated physiological loads and wet conditions. Experimental specimens will include intact bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joints. Results will illustrate three important features of the protocol as they can be applied to organ level biomechanics: 1) reactionary force vs. displacement: tooth displacement within the alveolar socket and its reactionary response to loading, 2) three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration and morphometrics: geometric relationship of the tooth with the alveolar socket, and 3) changes in readouts 1 and 2 due to a change in loading axis, i.e.
from concentric to eccentric loads. Efficacy of the proposed protocol will be evaluated by coupling mechanical testing readouts to 3D morphometrics and overall biomechanics of the joint. In addition, this technique will emphasize on the need to equilibrate experimental conditions, specifically reactionary loads prior to acquiring tomograms of fibrous joints. It should be noted that the proposed protocol is limited to testing specimens under ex vivo
conditions, and that use of contrast agents to visualize soft tissue mechanical response could lead to erroneous conclusions about tissue and organ-level biomechanics.
Bioengineering, Issue 85, biomechanics, bone-periodontal ligament-tooth complex, concentric loads, eccentric loads, contrast agent
Electrophysiological Recording in the Brain of Intact Adult Zebrafish
Institutions: University of Georgia, University of Georgia, Oklahoma State University, University of Georgia, University of California, Davis.
Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram recordings. This paper describes how an adult zebrafish can be immobilized, intubated, and used for in vivo
electrophysiological experiments, allowing recording of neural activity. Immobilization of the adult requires a mechanism to deliver dissolved oxygen to the gills in lieu of buccal and opercular movement. With our technique, animals are immobilized and perfused with habitat water to fulfill this requirement. A craniotomy is performed under tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; tricaine) anesthesia to provide access to the brain. The primary electrode is then positioned within the craniotomy window to record extracellular brain activity. Through the use of a multitube perfusion system, a variety of pharmacological compounds can be administered to the adult fish and any alterations in the neural activity can be observed. The methodology not only allows for observations to be made regarding changes in neurological activity, but it also allows for comparisons to be made between larval and adult zebrafish. This gives researchers the ability to identify the alterations in neurological activity due to the introduction of various compounds at different life stages.
Neuroscience, Issue 81, Zebrafish, adult, Electrophysiology, in vivo, craniotomy, perfusion, neural activity
Flat-floored Air-lifted Platform: A New Method for Combining Behavior with Microscopy or Electrophysiology on Awake Freely Moving Rodents
Institutions: University of Helsinki, Neurotar LTD, University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki.
It is widely acknowledged that the use of general anesthetics can undermine the relevance of electrophysiological or microscopical data obtained from a living animal’s brain. Moreover, the lengthy recovery from anesthesia limits the frequency of repeated recording/imaging episodes in longitudinal studies. Hence, new methods that would allow stable recordings from non-anesthetized behaving mice are expected to advance the fields of cellular and cognitive neurosciences. Existing solutions range from mere physical restraint to more sophisticated approaches, such as linear and spherical treadmills used in combination with computer-generated virtual reality. Here, a novel method is described where a head-fixed mouse can move around an air-lifted mobile homecage and explore its environment under stress-free conditions. This method allows researchers to perform behavioral tests (e.g.
, learning, habituation or novel object recognition) simultaneously with two-photon microscopic imaging and/or patch-clamp recordings, all combined in a single experiment. This video-article describes the use of the awake animal head fixation device (mobile homecage), demonstrates the procedures of animal habituation, and exemplifies a number of possible applications of the method.
Empty Value, Issue 88, awake, in vivo two-photon microscopy, blood vessels, dendrites, dendritic spines, Ca2+ imaging, intrinsic optical imaging, patch-clamp
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
Institutions: Virginia Commonwealth University.
has become an important tool for dissecting the mechanisms governing craniofacial development and defects. A method to quantify orofacial development will allow for more rigorous analysis of orofacial phenotypes upon abrogation with substances that can genetically or molecularly manipulate gene expression or protein function. Using two dimensional images of the embryonic heads, traditional size dimensions-such as orofacial width, height and area- are measured. In addition, a roundness measure of the embryonic mouth opening is used to describe the shape of the mouth. Geometric morphometrics of these two dimensional images is also performed to provide a more sophisticated view of changes in the shape of the orofacial region. Landmarks are assigned to specific points in the orofacial region and coordinates are created. A principle component analysis is used to reduce landmark coordinates to principle components that then discriminate the treatment groups. These results are displayed as a scatter plot in which individuals with similar orofacial shapes cluster together. It is also useful to perform a discriminant function analysis, which statistically compares the positions of the landmarks between two treatment groups. This analysis is displayed on a transformation grid where changes in landmark position are viewed as vectors. A grid is superimposed on these vectors so that a warping pattern is displayed to show where significant landmark positions have changed. Shape changes in the discriminant function analysis are based on a statistical measure, and therefore can be evaluated by a p-value. This analysis is simple and accessible, requiring only a stereoscope and freeware software, and thus will be a valuable research and teaching resource.
Developmental Biology, Issue 93, Orofacial quantification, geometric morphometrics, Xenopus, orofacial development, orofacial defects, shape changes, facial dimensions
Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
Institutions: California Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, University Of Washington Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
The functional characterization of adult-born neurons remains a significant challenge. Approaches to inhibit adult neurogenesis via invasive viral delivery or transgenic animals have potential confounds that make interpretation of results from these studies difficult. New radiological tools are emerging, however, that allow one to noninvasively investigate the function of select groups of adult-born neurons through accurate and precise anatomical targeting in small animals. Focal ionizing radiation inhibits the birth and differentiation of new neurons, and allows targeting of specific neural progenitor regions. In order to illuminate the potential functional role that adult hypothalamic neurogenesis plays in the regulation of physiological processes, we developed a noninvasive focal irradiation technique to selectively inhibit the birth of adult-born neurons in the hypothalamic median eminence. We describe a method for C
omputer tomography-guided f
radiation (CFIR) delivery to enable precise and accurate anatomical targeting in small animals. CFIR uses three-dimensional volumetric image guidance for localization and targeting of the radiation dose, minimizes radiation exposure to nontargeted brain regions, and allows for conformal dose distribution with sharp beam boundaries. This protocol allows one to ask questions regarding the function of adult-born neurons, but also opens areas to questions in areas of radiobiology, tumor biology, and immunology. These radiological tools will facilitate the translation of discoveries at the bench to the bedside.
Neuroscience, Issue 81, Neural Stem Cells (NSCs), Body Weight, Radiotherapy, Image-Guided, Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Neurogenesis, Cell Proliferation, Neurosciences, Irradiation, Radiological treatment, Computer-tomography (CT) imaging, Hypothalamus, Hypothalamic Proliferative Zone (HPZ), Median Eminence (ME), Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP)
Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
Institutions: University of Illinois at Chicago.
The present article describes how to use eye tracking methodologies to study the cognitive processes involved in text comprehension. Measuring eye movements during reading is one of the most precise methods for measuring moment-by-moment (online) processing demands during text comprehension. Cognitive processing demands are reflected by several aspects of eye movement behavior, such as fixation duration, number of fixations, and number of regressions (returning to prior parts of a text). Important properties of eye tracking equipment that researchers need to consider are described, including how frequently the eye position is measured (sampling rate), accuracy of determining eye position, how much head movement is allowed, and ease of use. Also described are properties of stimuli that influence eye movements that need to be controlled in studies of text comprehension, such as the position, frequency, and length of target words. Procedural recommendations related to preparing the participant, setting up and calibrating the equipment, and running a study are given. Representative results are presented to illustrate how data can be evaluated. Although the methodology is described in terms of reading comprehension, much of the information presented can be applied to any study in which participants read verbal stimuli.
Behavior, Issue 83, Eye movements, Eye tracking, Text comprehension, Reading, Cognition
Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
Institutions: Brown University, Brown University.
Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2
that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2
. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo
electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.
Neurobiology, Issue 84, Rat behavioral tasks, visual discrimination, chronic electrophysiological recordings, Floor Projection Maze, neuropsychology, learning, memory
Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation
Institutions: University of Rochester.
imaging using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) allows the study of living cells and neuronal processes in the intact brain. The technique presented here allows the imaging of the same area of the brain at several time points (chronic imaging) with microscopic resolution allowing the tracking of dendritic spines which are the small structures that represent the majority of postsynaptic excitatory sites in the CNS. The ability to clearly resolve fine cortical structures over several time points has many advantages, specifically in the study of brain plasticity in which morphological changes at synapses and circuit remodeling may help explain underlying mechanisms. In this video and supplementary material, we show a protocol for chronic in vivo
imaging of the intact brain using a thinned-skull preparation. The thinned-skull preparation is a minimally invasive approach, which avoids potential damage to the dura and/or cortex, thus reducing the onset of an inflammatory response. When this protocol is performed correctly, it is possible to clearly monitor changes in dendritic spine characteristics in the intact brain over a prolonged period of time.
Neuroscience, Issue 44, thinned-skull, two-photon microscopy, visual cortex, dendrite, imaging
An Explant Assay for Assessing Cellular Behavior of the Cranial Mesenchyme
Institutions: Children's National Medical Center.
The central nervous system is derived from the neural plate that undergoes a series of complex morphogenetic movements resulting in formation of the neural tube in a process known as neurulation. During neurulation, morphogenesis of the mesenchyme that underlies the neural plate is believed to drive neural fold elevation. The cranial mesenchyme is comprised of the paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells. The cells of the cranial mesenchyme form a pourous meshwork composed of stellate shaped cells and intermingling extracellular matrix (ECM) strands that support the neural folds. During neurulation, the cranial mesenchyme undergoes stereotypical rearrangements resulting in its expansion and these movements are believed to provide a driving force for neural fold elevation. However, the pathways and cellular behaviors that drive cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis remain poorly studied. Interactions between the ECM and the cells of the cranial mesenchyme underly these cell behaviors. Here we describe a simple ex vivo
explant assay devised to characterize the behaviors of these cells. This assay is amendable to pharmacological manipulations to dissect the signaling pathways involved and live imaging analyses to further characterize the behavior of these cells. We present a representative experiment demonstrating the utility of this assay in characterizing the migratory properties of the cranial mesenchyme on a variety of ECM components.
Neurobiology, Issue 71, Cellular Biology, Neuroscience, Medicine, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, exencephaly, cranial mesenchyme, migration, neural tube closure, cell rearrangement, extracellular matrix, pharmacological treatment
Surgical Induction of Endolymphatic Hydrops by Obliteration of the Endolymphatic Duct
Institutions: Case Western Reserve University.
Surgical induction of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) in the guinea pig by obliteration and obstruction of the endolymphatic duct is a well-accepted animal model of the condition and an important correlate for human Meniere's disease. In 1965, Robert Kimura and Harold Schuknecht first described an intradural approach for obstruction of the endolymphatic duct (Kimura 1965). Although effective, this technique, which requires penetration of the brain's protective covering, incurred an undesirable level of morbidity and mortality in the animal subjects. Consequently, Andrews and Bohmer developed an extradural approach, which predictably produces fewer of the complications associated with central nervous system (CNS) penetration.(Andrews and Bohmer 1989)
The extradural approach described here first requires a midline incision in the region of the occiput to expose the underlying muscular layer. We operate only on the right side. After appropriate retraction of the overlying tissue, a horizontal incision is made into the musculature of the right occiput to expose the right temporo-occipital suture line. The bone immediately inferio-lateral the suture line (Fig 1) is then drilled with an otologic drill until the sigmoid sinus becomes visible. Medial retraction of the sigmoid sinus reveals the operculum of the endolymphatic duct, which houses the endolymphatic sac. Drilling medial to the operculum into the area of the endolymphatic sac reveals the endolymphatic duct, which is then packed with bone wax to produce obstruction and ultimately ELH.
In the following weeks, the animal will demonstrate the progressive, fluctuating hearing loss and histologic evidence of ELH.
Medicine, Issue 35, Guinea Pig, Endolymphatic hydrops, Meniere's disease, surgical induction, endolymphatic duct
A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles.
Imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important in the study brain function. Among them, two-photon laser scanning microscopy has emerged as an extremely useful method, because it allows the study of the live intact brain. With appropriate preparations, this technique allows the observation of the same cortical area chronically, from minutes to months. In this video, we show a preparation for chronic in vivo imaging of the brain using two-photon microscopy. This technique was initially pioneered by Dr. Karel Svoboda, who is now a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator at Janelia Farm. Preparations like the one shown here can be used for imaging of neocortical structure (e.g., dendritic and axonal dynamics), to record neuronal activity using calcium-sensitive dyes, to image cortical blood flow dynamics, or for intrinsic optical imaging studies. Deep imaging of the neocortex is possible with optimal cranial window surgeries. Operating under the most sterile conditions possible to avoid infections, together with using extreme care to do not damage the dura mater during the surgery, will result in successful and long-lasting glass-covered cranial windows.
Neuroscience, Issue 12, glass, cranial window, two-photon, 2-photon, cortex, dendrite, axon, green fluorescent protein, svoboda, cell | <urn:uuid:76a57ef1-5a4a-4003-99cf-5ba05214f880> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/21738658/common-functional-correlates-head-strike-behavior-pachycephalosaur | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00256.warc.gz | en | 0.905637 | 9,877 | 2.8125 | 3 |
James Oglethorpe arrived at Augusta on September 12, 1739, 275 years ago today.
The Second Continental Congress opened in Philadelphia on September 13, 1775; Georgia was represented by Archibald Bulloch, Lyman Hall, John Houstoun, and John Zubly.
French troops arrived near Savannah to prepare for a siege against British forces there on September 12, 1779.
On September 13, 1788, the Confederation Congress voted to implement the Constitution and authorized states to elect Senators and Representatives and called the first Presidential election, with selection of presidential electors in the states to be held on January 7, 1789, and February 4, 1789 as the day electors would cast their ballots.
Francis Scott Key composed the lyrics to “The Star Spangled Banner” on September 14, 1814.
On September 14, 1885, Georgia Governor Henry McDaniel signed legislation granting up to 200 acres in Fulton and DeKalb Counties to the federal government to be used in the constuction of Fort McPherson, which was named after Union Maj. Gen. James McPherson, who was killed in the Battle of Atlanta in 1864.
On September 14, 1901, President William McKinley died of infection of gunshot wounds suffered eight days earlier.
The first two women to enter the Georgia General Assembly, Viola Ross Napier of Bibb County and Atlanta Constitution reporter Bessie Kempton of Fulton County, were elected on September 13, 1922.
A group of Georgia Republicans went to see Dr. Ben Carson speak at Valdosta State.
What’s wrong with Sunday elections?
Fulton County has added two Sunday voting dates with seven locations across the county open the first Sabbath voting day and nineteen locations the second. Lowndes County in South Georgia will add a Sunday voting location in Valdosta.
I don’t think there’s anything inherently wrong with Sunday voting. Near the area in which I live in DeKalb, a large Orthodox Jewish community doesn’t use cars on Saturday and I’m not certain but strongly suspect that voting would be proscribed. Opening Sunday voting hours might help them vote more conveniently as well as being more convenient for others who observe no religious proscriptions on non-commercial sabbath activities.
In DeKalb County, however, we are limited to one Sunday location that appears to be selected for the partisanship of voters in surrounding precincts rather than any other criteria. From my home, it’s a 24-minute drive to the Gallery at South DeKalb Mall, the county’s only Sunday voting location; by MARTA, the trip takes one hour and sixteen minutes, according to Google maps. That voting location does no good for the large Hispanic and Asian communities along Buford Highway. I’d be interested to see the correspondence among DeKalb bureaucrats on Sunday voting to see what criteria were used.
But I see no reason why Gwinnett, Cobb, Cherokee, Forsyth, Fayette, Paulding, and even Walton Counties shouldn’t open Sunday voting options for their voters. If it’s a good option to make voting more convenient for citizens, let’s do everything we can to make it widely available.
Georgia makes national news in voting
If there’s any remaining doubt that Democrats are systematically working to raise the issue of race in this year’s elections, it was dispelled when two elected Democratic officials went on the Al Sharpton show on MSNBC yesterday.
May is the interim CEO in DeKalb County who first announced the partisan Sunday voting scheme. He’s also a member of Democratic candidate for Governor Jason Carter’s Campaign Committee.
I will give Rev. Sharpton credit for two things: first, he used more of Brian Kemp’s quote than Democratic group Better Georgia, about which we have more below; second, he correctly prounced Senator Fran Millar’s surname as rhyming with “Miller.”
But to also be fair to Sen. Millar, we should point out that most of the quote being attributed to him about the South DeKalb voting location being “dominated by African-American voters” should be correctly attributed to Jim Galloway of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, whose words Millar was quoting. Here’s the full quote in Sen. Millar’s statement:
Per Jim Galloway of the AJC, this location is dominated by African American shoppers and it is near several large African American mega churches such as New Birth Missionary Baptist. Galloway also points out the Democratic Party thinks this is a wonderful idea – what a surprise. I’m sure Michelle Nunn and Jason Carter are delighted with this blatantly partisan move in DeKalb.
Jim Galloway of the AJC Political Insider has a great piece that shows how Democratic front group Better Georgia has tried to manipulate the media into covering Brian Kemp’s statement this summer about voter registration efforts by providing audio that was edited to make it look like something it wasn’t.
This was the total content of the 19-second clip [edited and provide by Better Georgia]:
“In closing I just wanted to tell you, real quick, after we get through this runoff, you know the Democrats are working hard, and all these stories about them, you know, registering all these minority voters that are out there and others that are sitting on the sidelines, if they can do that, they can win these elections in November.”
The implication is that Kemp wanted these registration efforts stopped – hence the allegations of voter fraud against Stacey Abrams and the New Georgia Project.
We warned you to be skeptical, because of the absence of any context in the audio file.
These are the words that flowed from the secretary of state’s mouth after Better Georgia cut him off:
“Well, we’ve got to do the exact same thing. I would encourage all of you – if you have an Android or Apple device, download that app, and make it your goal to register one new Republican voter….”
Kemp was very clear: Democratic voter registration efforts should be matched, not stopped.
Yes, the secretary of state raised the specter of ACORN, and, yes, the speech was a partisan one. But Kemp wasn’t saying what Better Georgia wanted us to think he was saying.
Turnout important outside the Perimeter too
The Hill has an article in which they speak extensively with Keith MacCants of Peanut Politics about the importance of rural turnout for the Georgia Senate election in November.
While Democrats point to the growing numbers of African-American and Latino voters as a sign of the state’s purple-trending demographics, the fact is that a significant infusion of rural voters in central and south Georgia will have to cast a ballot for Nunn if she is to defeat businessman David Perdue for the seat held by outgoing Republican Sen. Saxby Chambliss.
Keith McCants of tiny Oglethorpe, Ga. is perhaps his state’s most knowledgeable expert on rural politics, and he has a lot to say about what Nunn needs to do to be competitive over the final weeks in the rural counties.
McCants, who runs the respected Peanut Politics blog, said Nunn has two tasks in wooing rural voters. First, she must motivate “Obamacrats,” the rural black voters in the 1st, 2nd and 8th Congressional Districts who don’t come out to midterm elections like they do when Obama’s name is on the ballot. Second, McCants says Nunn needs independents and voters 55 and older to break her way. “Everyone assumes if you’re white and rural, you’re a Republican,” he laments.
McCants said he winced when Nunn’s campaign memo leaked out early this year, because the policy areas of agriculture, trade, infrastructure and rural issues were ranked at the very bottom of Nunn’s list. “She needs to talk about issues that resonate with rural areas,” McCants said, adding that Nunn should speak of her Methodist faith much more. “That’s something Democrats haven’t done a lot.”
“Nunn and Democrats in general have to over-perform in voter registration and expand the voting base in order to win in November. She is going to have to invest time outside of her big county strategy and into smaller counties such as Crisp, Tift, Ben Hill, Laurens, Tattnall, Troup counties, for example, in order to compensate for a low-expected turnout,” said McCants.
BloombergView has an article on the background and history of runoff elections in Georgia and what it means for the Senate race this year.
Consider this scenario: A new Congress convenes next Jan. 5, and Republicans have a one-seat majority in the U.S. Senate. The next day, however, the Republican advantage is wiped out. How?
Georgia. State law there requires a run-off if no candidate receives 50 percent of the vote on Nov. 4. The Senate race, for a seat held by retiring Republican Saxby Chambliss, is between Democrat Michelle Nunn and Republican David Perdue. Polls show a tight race. In addition to Nunn and Perdue, the ballot will feature Libertarian candidate Amanda Swafford, so the top vote-getter could end up shy of 50 percent.
Georgia is considered the Democrats’ best chance to win a seat currently held by a Republican. A victory there would mitigate Democratic losses sure to accrue elsewhere on the Senate map. If the Republicans win a net of six seats, they will have a Senate majority next year.
Senate run-offs are rare, but not unknown, in Georgia. In 1992 incumbent Democratic Senator Wyche Fowler fell just short of a majority on Election Day in November. The run-off was held three weeks later. Fowler was defeated by Republican Paul Coverdell.
Not just the 1992 Paul Coverdell victory over incumbent Wyche Fowler, but the 2008 Runoff in which Saxby Chambliss scored a nearly-15 point win to retain his seat and several Public Service Commission statewide runoffs going back to 1992, when Bobby Baker became the first Republican elected to statewide Constitutional office in Georgia since Reconstruction.
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GATHER AT THE DeKalb GOP HQ to make phone calls for VICTORY. HELP US FIRE HARRY … | <urn:uuid:7b846606-d9af-46eb-ac21-606f6f1ddccf> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://gapundit.com/2014/09/12/georgia-politics-campaigns-elections-september-12-2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986700560.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020001515-20191020025015-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.957849 | 2,319 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The Benin ivory mask is a portrait of the Queen Mother Idia of the Benin Empire in the 16th century, made like an African traditional mask.
This miniature sculpture was worn as a pendant by the queen’s son Oba (which means King) Esigie. There are two almost identical pendant masks today, one of them is in the British Museum in London, and the other one is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The bought masks are portraits of the queen and symbolize the legacy of the Benin dynasty that continues to the present day.
Other examples of this pendant can be found in the Seattle Art Museum, and the Linden Museum and one pendant is part of a private collection. They are all taken in 1897, during the Benin Expedition. The mask of Queen Mother Idia became a cultural emblem of modern Nigeria in 1977. When the Portuguese explorers first made contact with the Benin Empire, Oba Esigie became very powerful.
The trading and diplomacy with the Europeans brought Esigie and the Bini people prosperity. The Bini people traded with many things such as ivory, cloth, pepper, textiles and much more. During his reign, his mother was awarded the title of Iyoba which means ‘queen mother, ‘ and she was the first in the tradition of women advisors.
At least two of the masks that were found during the expedition feature Portuguese imagery, and it is thought that they were created in the early 16th century by the same artist. The details of the masks match the carving qualities of the early period of Benin art. Almost all of the ivory works that were made by the empire were for the king who used them in rituals.
They were used in ceremonies like the Ugie Iyoba and the Emobo purification ceremony. During the Emobo ceremony, these kinds of pendants were used to chase evil spirits, but throughout history, these traditions may have been changed.
In this type of Benin art, the depiction of a woman is rare, but the Queen Idia was exceptional because according to the Edo tradition, this is the only woman who went to war. There is a bronze Head of Queen Idia from ancient Benin that was also found in the Expedition of 1897.
At the same year, it was presented to the British Museum by Sir William Ingram. Today, these masks can be seen id different regions of the world as bronze brooches, street graffiti, and there are copies which can be bought at the National Museum of Nigeria. | <urn:uuid:31955577-ae64-4618-b43c-e540c63cf29c> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/04/23/the-benin-ivory-mask-is-a-sculptural-portrait-of-the-queen-mother-idia-of-the-benin-empire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662522556.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518215138-20220519005138-00621.warc.gz | en | 0.981411 | 528 | 3.109375 | 3 |
There are several kinds of books which may be described as “Mormon books.” The Mormon Church, properly named The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, publishes two classes of books. These are:
The official, canonical scriptures of the Church, namely
- The Holy Bible
- The Book of Mormon—Another Testament of Jesus Christ
- The Doctrine and Covenants
- The Pearl of Great Price
These four volumes are sometimes collectively referred to as “the Standard Works” or simply “the Scriptures.” In Mormon usage, this goes beyond the usual sense of “a work of recognized excellence” and is actually equivalent to “the official, canonical scriptures of the Church.”
The Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price are shorter books than the Bible, so they are often combined and bound together in one book, which members of the Church call the “triple combination.” Editions of the scriptures can also be purchased in one large book with the Bible (both Old and New Testaments) included. Mormons have nicknamed this the “quad,” or “quadruple combination.”
The second class of books includes:
Procedural handbooks and lesson manuals. These contain curriculum materials for classes taught in Church meetings, materials to assist families and instructions and policy guidelines to Church leaders. These are “official” in the ordinary sense, but do not rise to the status of scripture.
In addition to these, there are books of various kinds written by individual Church members for the edification of other Latter-day Saints. While there is no formal system of classification for these, most would fall into one or more of the following broad categories:
- Doctrinal: works expounding doctrine or providing scriptural commentary.
- Historical: works describing events in Mormon history or (less commonly) general history that is of interest to Latter-day Saints.
- Devotional: works intended to assist Latter-day Saints in personal or family worship, or to cope with grief or stressful life events.
- Recreational: light fiction featuring Mormon themes or characters.
Additionally, books by non-Mormons about the Church may be described as “Mormon books.” While a few valuable scholarly works do emerge from time to time, many or most of these books are controversial in nature, and are more properly described as “anti-Mormon books.” | <urn:uuid:9b5ec438-7714-40b6-9ef2-9848d3ea9d10> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://bookofmormonproject.org/mormon-beliefs/mormon-scripture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702452567/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110732-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948723 | 513 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Math Skills Database: Math Skill Database (QTaxon Search) enables educators to search QTaxons by Quantile measure, keywords, mathematics strand or state curricular alignments. QTaxons are math skills and concepts typically taught between kindergarten and Pre Calculus. The knowledge cluster for a QTaxon provides the prerequisite and supplemental QTaxons.
Quantile® Teacher Assistant: Quantile Teacher Assistant supports differentiated instruction by providing access to resources on specific mathematical skills and concepts that are aligned with state and the Common Core standards.
Textbook Search Engine: Textbook Search includes more than 100 textbooks, searchable by publisher, ISBN, author, title or keyword. Textbook calibrations are at the lesson level, enabling educators to match students with targeted mathematics activities.
Lesson Planner: This tool helps with planning a differentiated mathematics lesson with targeted resources. Educators can build the lesson and bundle a suite of resources for access through easy download.
Math@Home®: Math@Home provides access to a growing number of family-friendly mathematical resources that support the textbook lesson a child is studying in school.
Quantile Map: Quantile® Map provides a graphic representation of mathematical skills and concepts aligned with their strands and Quantile measures. | <urn:uuid:8a5a3088-7963-40e1-950f-973ce5ea4517> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://wvde.state.wv.us/teach21/Qtools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00060-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87016 | 251 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Wikipedia is an online collaborative encyclopedia. It is a free, open content online encyclopedia created through the collaborative effort of a community of users known as Wikipedians, unlike other typical encyclopedias it relies on Wikipedia editors who give free services. There are numerous benefits of creating a Wikipedia pages including those listed below.
It can produce a significant positive increase in sales. Wikipedia is one of the first websites many people visit when seeking knowledge about something. This is majorly due to diverse articles and books that are available. Creating a Wikipedia page for a business will prompt people to view its products. In instances where the business is highly ranked by SEOs it will be visited, and people will buy the products that are being sold. It also enhances your visibility in search engine results compared to other social networks. Wikipedia gives an equal platform where small businesses are able to market their products just like their counterparts who are well established. Wikipedia does not discriminate and it is simply how much your business drives online traffic that matters. It also enables businesses to share their content at a cheaper cost especially when they do it online. The mentorship of small businesses is also possible from the market leaders.
Wikipedia provides you with an additional and credible website presence that will depict your business with integrity. This is due to the fact that Wikipedia posts are fully verified, this enhances the credibility and integrity belief in the products that you sell. The website itself is a marketing tool; because of the fact that people view frequently things that you post.
The process of Wikipedia business page creation is not an easy one. You need to engage the expertise of professional Wiki writers for hire like those at Get Your Wiki in order to tap into all the benefits highlighted above. Instead of handling the task by yourself and straining a lot to get the Wikipedia rules right, just contact Get your Wiki and see how much they can help you. You will be surprised at how much stress you will relieve yourself from.
Learn more about the service here: http://www.getyourwiki.com/wikipedia-writing-service-make-wiki-page/ | <urn:uuid:760e8fa4-3fb3-4415-a874-bf5b06df58e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://psychologiesport.com/index.php/2016/02/18/benefits-of-creating-a-wikipedia-page/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463610374.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528181608-20170528201608-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.955116 | 422 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Trash in low orbit could cause traffic accidents for satellites
A discarded soda can on the ground is an environmental nuisance, but a piece of debris travelling at orbital speed is lethal.
The final frontier has a trash problem. Dr. Norman G. Fitz-Coy, an Associate Professor in the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering and the Director of the Advanced Space Technologies Research and Engineering Center (ASTREC) housed at the University of Florida, is working to solve that problem with a recently renewed $3 million grant from NASA.
Dr. Fitz-Coy explains it like this: “When the pioneers initially went west, the only thing that filled the wide-open spaces was a sense of opportunity. As more and more people followed the original groundbreakers, discarded items began to pile up on the trails, causing accidents and limiting the travelers’ progress along their routes. Researchers have noticed the same thing is currently happening in space.”
“Today, there is a lot of debris in space,” Fitz-Coy said, “and it’s moving fast. It only takes one ill-timed collision of ‘space junk’ to create a disastrous chain reaction referred to as the Kessler effect, and the fear is that we’re heading in that direction.”
Dr. Fitz-Coy’s research is focused on improving the models that exist to predict characteristics of debris that result from hypervelocity impacts in low earth orbit. The ability to accurately predict the distribution of debris fragments in low earth orbit, is one of the aspects critical to ensuring space traffic remains accident-free.
Detecting gravitational wave ripples from deep space just got less noisy
While some instances of space debris may be relatively easy to spot, other phenomena, such as gravitational waves, can require a detection system of mind-boggling size. For example, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will comprise a trio of sun-orbiting spacecraft that form an equilateral triangle whose perimeter measures 7.5 million kilometers in length. LISA can be used to measure ripples in gravitational waves.
Albert Einstein first theorized that a massive object in space can cause objects to travel in orbits rather than straight lines. Rapid accelerations of these massive objects cause the gravitational field to create ripples in the curvature of space-time.
Using lasers to measure the variations in distance between the three spacecraft, LISA will be able to observe these ripples and determine their source and its physical attributes. Despite the massive distance between the spacecraft, LISA’s data will be able provide an almost clinical degree of precision. Background noise in space could obscure the data recordings, and that is where Dr. John Conklin, Assistant Professor in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at UF’s Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, is stepping in to help out.
Conklin’s Precision Space Systems Lab was selected to develop the Charge Management System (CMS), under a $2.8 million NASA grant. “The CMS is essential to preserving the gravitational wave data’s validity, ensuring that the reported numbers are not confounded by any spurious space ‘noise’,” Conklin said.
“I’m interested in the science that comes out of these missions in addition to the technology itself,” he added. “And part of that is acknowledging that you’re trying to push the boundaries of what is possible with the scientific instrument.”
“[We have a chance to] open up a whole new science, which in this case is gravitational waves. A lack of precision can cause the noise of the instrument to swamp out the gravitational wave signal. Your ability to measure things more precisely not only improves your understanding but opens up new windows into the universe.” | <urn:uuid:ef060046-57f1-47cb-b5a6-6ccb5aa16759> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.eng.ufl.edu/newengineer/news/nasa-grants-conklin-fitzcoy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232259327.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526165427-20190526191427-00435.warc.gz | en | 0.9193 | 796 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Cities are generally regarded as hostile for wildlife and urbanization a dramatic form of destruction of natural habitats. Still, they are far from dead zones. Their biodiversity may even exceed that of surrounding landscapes, owing to heterogeneous environments and frequent localization in naturally rich areas that historically supplied diverse resources for their human inhabitants.
"This is definitely the case of the city of Prague, Czech Republic", says the lead author Prof. Vojtěch Jarošík of the study published in the open access journal NeoBiota. "Prague contains spectacular natural features, rarely seen in other metropolitan areas of comparable size, protected in 88 nature reserves. Our analyses build on systematic surveys of vascular plants flora, carried out in these reserves in the late 1980s/ early 1990s. The reserves are important sanctuaries hosting more than half of the plant species occurring in the Czech Republic."
"On the other hand, it is alien species that contribute to this remarkably high species richness", adds the Prof. Petr Pyšek. "It has been repeatedly documented that urban environment and life style promote introductions of alien species. The conservation in cities focuses on the diversity of native species, and urban areas are therefore the place where these 'two diversities' come to a sharp conflict, resulting from the discrepancy between human efforts to protect natural biodiversity and, at the same time, by human activities that create ideal environment for invasions by alien species. Nature reserves in large urban agglomerations are therefore seen as a testing ground for exploring the patterns of resistance of natural vegetation against penetration of alien plants."
The study found that archaeophytes, i.e. alien species introduced since the beginning of Neolithic agriculture up to 1500 A. D., are affected positively by the extent of arable land that was in place at the time of the reserve establishment at low altitudinal ranges. Though it may be questioned whether species of alien origin should be a part of red lists, endangered archaeophytes are perceived by botanists as elements of local nature, typical of traditional cultural landscapes in Europe and considered as species of cultural and historical importance. This suggests that for endangered archaeophytes it might have been difficult to adapt to changing agricultural practices, and shrubland might act as a refugium for them.
Forty-six of the 155 neophyte species (introduced after 1500 A.D.) recorded in the reserves are classified as invasive. The reserves thus harbour 67% of the 69 invasive neophytes recorded in the country, and particularly warning is that among the most invasive species are many shrubs and trees, a life form that is known to account for widespread invasions with high impacts. The results thus strongly suggest that in Prague nature reserves there is a warning potential for future invasions.
Original Source: Jarošík V, Pyšek P, Kadlec T (2011) Alien plants in urban nature reserves: from red-list species to future invaders? NeoBiota 10: 27-46. doi: 10.3897/neobiota.10.1262
Posted by Pensoft Publishers. | <urn:uuid:e9397294-d426-4dfd-b2a9-4adbffb77bef> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/pp-pen100711.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500550975184.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728163715-20170728183715-00512.warc.gz | en | 0.939321 | 635 | 3.65625 | 4 |
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA (or deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that contains all the genetic instructions necessary for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It is made up of four types of nucleotides, each containing a base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine), a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. The sequence of these nucleotides determines the genetic code, which controls all of the functions of living cells, including growth, reproduction, and metabolism. DNA is located within the cell nucleus and is organized into structures called chromosomes.
What are the 3 types of DNA?
- A-DNA: A-DNA is a right-handed helix with a wider and shorter shape than B-DNA. It is typically found in dehydrated conditions, such as in some types of bacteria.
- B-DNA: B-DNA is the most common form of DNA and is a right-handed helix with a long, thin shape. It is the form of DNA found in most cells in the body.
- Z-DNA: Z-DNA is a left-handed helix with a zig-zag shape. It is a less common form of DNA, but it is believed to play a role in gene expression and regulation.
How does DNA work?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that carries all the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of living organisms. It is made up of nucleotides (basic building blocks) consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
The sequence of these nitrogenous bases determines the genetic code of an organism. The information stored in DNA is used to make proteins, which perform many functions in the body. DNA works by first being replicated during cell division, ensuring that every new cell has a copy of the genetic code. It is then transcribed into RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is used as a template to make proteins.
Proteins are responsible for most of the physical characteristics of living organisms, such as hair color, eye color, and muscle structure. They also carry out essential functions, such as digestion, transportation, and immunity. Therefore, DNA is the blueprint of life, and its functions are critical to the survival and functioning of all living organisms.
Why is DNA important?
DNA is important because it is the fundamental genetic material that carries the genetic information required for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It encodes the instructions for the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, which are essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of cells and tissues. DNA is also responsible for the transmission of genetic traits from parents to their offspring. Without DNA, life as we know it would not exist.
What is the three importance of DNA?
There are several benefits of DNA:
- Identification: DNA is unique to every individual and can be used to identify them. DNA is often used in forensic investigations to identify suspects or victims.
- Medical advancements: DNA analysis has helped doctors and scientists to identify genetic disorders, develop new treatments and understand the causes of diseases.
- Paternity testing: DNA testing is used to determine paternity, which helps in legal disputes, child support cases and adoption cases.
- Evolutionary studies: DNA can be used to study evolutionary relationships between different species and to trace human ancestry.
- Agriculture and breeding: DNA analysis has helped in the breeding of plants and animals, improving their yield and resistance to diseases.
- Conservation: DNA analysis is used to monitor endangered species and help in conservation efforts.
- Personalized medicine: DNA analysis can help in personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup.
Overall, DNA analysis has revolutionized several fields and has the potential to bring significant advancements in the future.
DNA is the genetic material that carries the genetic information of all living organisms. It is composed of a unique sequence of nucleotides that determine the characteristics of an organism. The structure of DNA, as a double helix, allows for the replication and transmission of genetic information from one generation to another. The discovery of DNA and its role in genetics revolutionized the field of biology and has led to numerous advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and genetic engineering. Understanding DNA is crucial in improving our knowledge of life and its origins. | <urn:uuid:17f2ff68-c1de-47ce-b43c-9c9d3483ebda> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.bestinterviewquestion.com/question/dna-full-form | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506528.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923194908-20230923224908-00795.warc.gz | en | 0.947594 | 938 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Our simple motor kits have a proven record of being excellent tools for teaching students the basics of electricity, magnetism, and electronics.
We do not provide exact plans for your lessons – you, as an educator, can plan them according to your curriculum. This site has plenty of educational materials for all levels – please explore Experiments and Calculations sections under Your Project. Principles of motor operations are explained in How It Works section.
How do you choose what kits and other materials you might need for your classes? Here are recommended steps and selection tips:
Step 1: First you need to select the motor kits that are appropriate for your students.
- New QuikLock™ motor kits (kits #11-14) minimize time needed for motor assembly to better fit in a classroom schedule. That leaves enough time to discuss physics principles of motor operation and other related materials with your students.
All QuikLock kits could be assembled quickly, but if you need to cut assembly time significantly you may consider Rapid Assembly QuikLock kits #12 or #14 . These kits include prewound electromagnet. They also use strong neodymium magnets that make the motors faster (motor #14 rotates with the speed over 6000 RPM!). The safety ring makes these motors safe at this speed. Finally there is no messy glue and no tools needed for assembly.
QuikLock motors #11 and #13 have a unique advantage. If you are on a tight budget and do not give away the motors to your students after they build them you may disassemble the motors and reuse some parts. To make all the kits to look like new again you may need to replace some parts with inexpensive reuse kits.
- For more advanced classes you may select any of our original motor kits (kits #1-9).
Reed switch motor kits #1-4 are suitable for beginner level and do not require any special tools.
Kits #5-9 are based on more advanced principles of operation. Please note that they involve some soldering.
If you are on a tight budget you may select a simple conventional motor kit #17. It is a very inexpensive kit ($4.99 per motor) sold in classroom sets of 10. If you buy 3 sets you get free RPM measurement attachment; if you buy 5 sets you also get Rapid Assembly QuikLock Kit #12 (so you can compare and see why it is really much better!).
Please note that while this is the least expensive kit it is not the easiest motor to build as it requires a lot of accuracy in balancing the coil and stripping off the insulation. They are also not very stable and require frequent cleaning. Practically nothing could be attached to these motors and no experiments could be performed besides the basic speed measurement.
Reed switch motors are easier to build and understand how they work. They have a proven record of working every time without any struggle.
Step 2: After selecting the motor kits you might be interested in some experimentation tools.
- We recommend adding generator kits – excellent way to demonstrate how electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy, and then back to electrical power. Experiments with the generator allow students to calculate many of motor parameters.
Please note that generators cannot be connected to kits #11-12 (and obviously to conventional motor kits).
- You may add solar panels to your motors and introduce your students to renewable energy projects.
We highly recommend adding an RPM measurement kit (or an attachment) – kids love to compare their motors! You also need speed measurements for most of motor calculations. Only one speed measurement kit (or just an attachment) is really needed for the whole class.
- Check out other experimentation supplies to use with your students.
Step 3: You might add some spare parts (reed switches are recommended as they are fragile) to your order.
Volume discounts make the kits very affordable. Bulk price for QuikLock motor kit #11 can be lower than $20 and reuse kits for this motor can cost less than $10. We also offer low shipping rates with no handling/packaging fees.
Schools and other educational organizations may order a free sample of kits #12 (restrictions apply) or #17. | <urn:uuid:be3e2594-2362-4020-b0a5-49fe0ee5f270> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://simplemotor.com/basic-school-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178367183.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210303165500-20210303195500-00092.warc.gz | en | 0.92431 | 863 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Byzantine calendar facts for kids
The Byzantine calendar was a calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from the year 691 to 1728. It was also used by the Byzantine empire from 988 to 1453, and by Russia from 988 to 1700. The Byzantine calendar is like the Julian calendar, but the year starts on 1 September instead of 1 January. Year one of the Byzantine calendar is from 1 September, 5509 BC to 31 August, 5508 BC.
The Great Schism, dated to 1054, created two religions from what was formerly one. The Western part later became the Roman Catholic Church. The Eastern part is known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. At that time the Roman Catholic church used the Julian calendar. In 1453 the Byzantine Empire collapsed ending the use of their calendar. But others still used it, notably Russia. Numbering differences began to appear when the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
Peter the great became czar of Russia in 1682. At the time the Russians used a form of the Julian calendar with Byzantine influence. The calendar year started on 1 September and not 1 January. The years were numbered from the date given as earth's creation and not from the birth of Christ. Peter changed the calendar to start on January 1 and numbered the years from Christ's birth. But he continued basing the calendar on the Julian system instead of the Gregorian calendar. By the early 1800s the Russian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar used by western Europe. So dating something between the two systems became a problem. Dating notations such as 1 March O.S. (meaning Old Style, Julian or Russian) were used. Another example is 16 May 1582 N.S. (New Style or Gregorian calendar). Other notations included both: 25 October/6 November 1917, trying to show how the same day appeared in different calendars.
On 1 January 1700, by decree of Peter the Great, the Russian/Byzantine calendar was no longer used.
Images for kids
Byzantine mosaic of the Creation of Adam, (Monreale Cathedral).
Byzantine calendar Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia. | <urn:uuid:be757fa1-0ba8-4b49-8390-3406748e8caa> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://kids.kiddle.co/Byzantine_calendar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145713.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200222180557-20200222210557-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.963581 | 448 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Change is afoot in the wine-making trade. In the earlier instances, using instruments by human beings was for the process of discovery and evolution. Behavioural pattern might also inform a lot concerning the extent to which the natural surroundings has been utilized for infrastructural activities, science and technology.
Environmental technology employs economically viable and eco-pleasant technologies, to apply sustainable improvement as a solution to environmental points, by discovering methods to avoid wasting and shield the atmosphere, and inflict minimal harm to pure assets.
All life-sciences within the current accepted understanding of science, can only be about species moving toward extinction. Arithmetic and Computer Science is a well-liked degree alternative, and four-year levels with a placement in trade are also obtainable.
The development of high know-how including computer expertise’s Internet and the telephone has helped conquer communication boundaries and bridge the hole between people all over the world. Environmental science is the scientific examine of the ways in which organic, bodily, and chemical components of the setting work together, and the relations between them.
In a broader sense, know-how impacts societies in the improvement of superior economies, making life extra handy to more people who have entry to such know-how. The advancements of both science and know-how have resulted to incremental growth and disruptive know-how. | <urn:uuid:4700f1c2-d6e3-4b8b-898d-eb99c7215701> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | http://techyfiles.com/a-short-article-on-expertise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540484815.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206050236-20191206074236-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.950677 | 273 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Beer in its basic form is made from just four ingredients: water, malted grain, hops and yeast. Water provides the base for all beer, and various minerals in the water contribute flavor and character to the beer. Malted grains provide sweetness, color and body as well as provide the sugars for the production of alcohol. Hops contribute bitterness to the beer and provide flavor and aroma. Yeast is used to ferment the malty sugars into alcohol, and also contributes flavor and character to the finished beer.
In addition to the four basic ingredients, a variety of flavor and other miscellaneous additives can be used in the brewing process to improve clarity, spice, add flavor and otherwise enhance the beer. Examples include spices for holiday beers, clarifiers such as polyclar and gelatin, minerals and acids to aid in mashing, and flavor extracts for fruit beers. | <urn:uuid:ded225c8-a5a9-470f-a372-e9de00659242> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Ingredients&printable=yes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320489.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625101427-20170625121427-00124.warc.gz | en | 0.940432 | 174 | 3.3125 | 3 |
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In February 1999, the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States launched a joint multi-phase initiative (Federal Register Notice, April 16, 1999) to develop a comprehensive demand-oriented product classification system to complement the new supply-oriented industry classification system introduced in 1997. The industry classification system is known as the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS); the product classification is known as the North American Product Classification System (NAPCS). The long-term objective of NAPCS is to develop a market-oriented, or demand-based, hierarchical classification system for products (goods and services) that (a) is not industry-of-origin based but can be linked to the NAICS industry structure, (b) is consistent across the three NAICS countries, and (c) promotes improvements in the identification and classification of service products across international classification systems, such as the Central Product Classification System of the United Nations. For more information, see discussion paper, "Overview of NAPCS Objectives, Guidance, and Implementation Strategy and Goals: A United States Perspective." In May 2003, the three countries agreed that the objectives and principles articulated in sections A through C of that paper define the purposes of NAPCS and the operational guidelines for creating it. Also see additional papers under the NAPCS Discussion Papers link and Frequently Asked Questions about NAPCS under the FAQs tab.
In planning the NAPCS initiative, the three countries began with a consensus on the proposition that improved product data for service industries is critical to improving vital economic measures related to measuring the growth of output, prices, productivity, and trade. In recognition of this fact, NAPCS work first focused on identifying and defining the products produced by industries in the 12 NAICS service sectors from Sector 48-49 through Sector 81. Embodying research conducted by 13 trilateral working groups, with extensive input from industry experts, this effort was implemented in three phases and was completed in 2009.
Phase I was launched in early 1999 to explore the feasibility of identifying and defining service products across the three countries, and it focused on the products produced by industries in four NAICS service sectors: Sector 51: Information, Sector 52: Finance and Insurance, Sector 54: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services, and Sector 56: Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services. Phase I generated 36 product lists that cover the final products produced by 117 US service industries. Products from 26 of these lists were incorporated into the 2002 Economic Census, and some were incorporated into the 2001 and subsequent Services Annual Surveys. Based on the success of Phase I, the three countries agreed that the NAPCS should continue and be expanded to cover the products of industries in all NAICS service sectors from Sector 48-49 through Sector 81 (excluding those in Sector 814, Private Households, and Subsector 525, Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles).
Phase II, launched in July 2001, extended NAPCS to the industries in five additional NAICS service sectors: Sector 48-49: Transportation and Warehousing, Sector 61: Educational Services, Sector 62: Health Care and Social Assistance, Sector 71: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation, and Sector 72: Accommodation and Food Services. Phase III was launched in May 2004, and it extended NAPCS to industries not covered in the sectors addressed under Phases I and II and to industries in Sector 53: Real Estate and Rental and Leasing, Sector 55: Management of Companies and Enterprises, and Sector 81: Other Services (except Public Administration). Taken together, Phases II and III researched the final products produced by more than 250 US service industries.
The products developed under Phases I - III are assembled into 102 product lists that identify and define the significant products produced by about 370 US service industries. These lists include 98 that are at the trilateral level; three at the bilateral level (US and Mexico for NAICS 55-Management of Companies and Enterprises, NAICS 621210-Offices of Dentists, and NAICS 621610-Home Health Care Services); and one at the US-only level (for NAICS 621-2 (except 6212, 6, and 9)-Health Care Services of Physicians, Health Care Practitioners (except Dentists) and Hospitals). Product lines developed from all 102 lists were incorporated into product collection forms developed for the 2007 and 2012 Economic Censuses, and they are being incorporated incrementally into the Service Annual Survey (beginning in 2001).
The 102 product lists can be viewed in PDF file format (PDF files) using links on the NAPCS Main page;.
Plans for extending NAPCS to include the products of industries in NAICS Sector 11: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Sector 21: Mining; Sector 22: Utilities; Sector 23: Construction; Sector 31-33: Manufacturing; Sector 42: Wholesale Trade; and Sector 44-45: Retail Trade are presently underway by the three countries. | <urn:uuid:c75a7775-6067-48db-9a58-8f61bc4b4b75> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | https://www.census.gov/eos/www/napcs/overviewandprogressreport.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246642012.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045722-00061-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913851 | 2,052 | 2.796875 | 3 |
2 It was found at the scene of the crime. Where was that found?It was found at the scene of the crime.
3 Examples: 1.My bike was stolen. 2.Spanish is spoken in South America. We use the Passive when the action is more important than the person who does the action.Example: Active: Someone broke the window.Passive: The window was broken.It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.Examples: 1.My bike was stolen.2.Spanish is spoken in South America.
4 By+ the agent (Object) is used : A By+ the agent (Object) is used : A. When it is important to know who does the action. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
5 How to form the Passive Examples: The movie is being shown now. We form the passive from the verb /to be/ and the 3rd form of the main verb (V3). /to be/ expresses the tense of the main verb.Examples: The movie is being shown now.The movie was shown last night.The movie will be shown tomorrow.
6 Present Simple Active: Subject+V1+Object… TensesActive: Subject+V1+Object…Passive: Subject+am/is/are+V3+by+ObjectExample: She writes the letter.The letter is written by her.
7 Present Progressive Active:Subject+am/is/are+V1+ing+Object Passive: Subject+ am/is/ are+ Being +V3+by+ObjectExamples: She is writing the letter right now.The letter is being written by her.
8 Present Perfect Active: Subject+have/has+V3 +Object Passive: Subject+have/has+been+V3+by+ObjectExamples: She has written the letter.The letter has been written by her.
9 Past Simple Active: Subject+V2+Object Passive: Subject+ was/were+V3+by+ObjectExamples: She has written the letter.The letter was written by her.
10 Past Progressive Past Progressive Active: Subject+was/were+V1+ing+ObjectPassive: Subject+was/were+being+V3+by+Object.Examples: She was writing the letter.The letter was being written by her.
11 Past Perfect Active: Subject+had+V3+Object Passive: Subject had+been+V3+by+ObjectExamples: She had written the letter.The letter had been written by her.
12 Future Simple Active: Subject+will+V1+Object Passive: Subject+will+be+V3+by+ObjectExamples: She will write the letter to him The letter will be written by her to him.
13 Be Going To Active: Subject+ am/is/are+ going to+ V1+Object Passive: Subject+ am/is/are+ going to+be+V3Examples: She is going to write a letter to him.The letter is going to be written by her.
14 Modals Active:Subject+Modal+V1+Object Passive: Subject+Modals+be+V3+by+objectExamples: She can write the letter.The letter can be written by her to him .
15 Semi Modals Active: Subject+ Semi Modal+V1+Object Passive: Subject+ Semi Modal+be+V3+by+ObjectExamples: She has to send the letter to her uncle.The letter has to be sent by her to her uncle.
16 Pay attention:Not all the verbs can be put into Passive because they have no object (no one to “receive” the action.Examples of such verbs are include:Happen, die, sleep, exist, go , come, occur, arrive, have, live.
17 When rewriting active sentences in the Passive Voice, note the following: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentenceThe verb is changed (to be + past participle).The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped) | <urn:uuid:41b08ac9-128f-449c-bb55-6aa4ab53b408> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/218850/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948588072.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20171216123525-20171216145525-00732.warc.gz | en | 0.945336 | 865 | 3.859375 | 4 |
During this period, teens spend much of the day outside the home — at school or at after-school activities or jobs and with their friends. But it's important to try to talk with your teen every day to share opinions, ideas, and information.
Here are a few tips to help you communicate with your teen:
- Make time during the day or evening to hear about your teen's activities; be sure that he or she knows you are actively interested and listening carefully.
- Remember to talk with your teen, not at him or her.
- Ask questions that go beyond "yes" or "no" answers to prompt more developed conversation.
- Take advantage of time during car trips to talk with your teen.
- Make time for sporting and school events, playing games, and talking about current events.
Vocabulary and Communication
Teens essentially communicate as adults, with increasing maturity throughout high school. They comprehend abstract language, such as idioms, figurative language, and metaphors. Explanations may become more figurative and less literal.
Teens should be able to process texts and abstract meaning, relate word meanings and contexts, understand punctuation, and form complex syntactic structures. However, communication is more than the use and understanding of words; it also includes how teens think of themselves, their peers, and authority figures.
As teens seek independence from family and establish their own identity, they begin thinking abstractly and become concerned with moral issues. All of this shapes the way they think and communicate.
If You Suspect a Problem
You should have ongoing communication with your teen's teachers about overall language skills and progress. If the teachers suspect a language-based learning disability, comprehensive testing will be necessary. This can include a hearing test, psychoeducational assessment (standardized testing to assess learning style as well as cognitive processes), and speech-language evaluation.
A teen with a specific communication difficulty, such as stuttering, should be referred to the school speech-language pathologist (an expert who evaluates and treats speech and language disorders).
Vocal-quality problems such as hoarseness, breathiness, or raspiness may require a medical evaluation by an otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat specialist).
But in most cases, language difficulties will have been identified before this age. However, increasing academic troubles might indicate subtle problems.
Parents often feel that the teen years are a time of difficult communication, when it's normal for teens to challenge parents and resist authority. However, behavior that causes severe disruption in the household may not be normal teen rebellion. If you feel that your relationship is particularly difficult, discuss it with your doctor.Back to Articles
Medical Care and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old
Regular visits help your teen's doctor keep track of changes in physical, mental, and social development. The doctor can also help your teen understand the importance of choosing a healthy lifestyle.Read More
Fitness and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old
Kids who enjoy exercise tend to stay active throughout their lives. Learn how to encourage fitness in your teen.Read More
A Parent's Guide to Surviving the Teen Years
You've lived through 2 AM feedings, toddler temper tantrums, and the back-to-school blues. So why is the word "teenager" causing you so much anxiety?Read More
Many young kids go through a stage when they stutter. Stuttering usually goes away on its own but in some cases lasts longer.Read More
Hearing Evaluation in Children
Hearing problems can be overcome if they're caught early, so it's important to get your child's hearing screened early and checked regularly.Read More
Growth and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old
Kids entering puberty will undergo many changes in their developing bodies. Find out more about what to expect.Read More
Working with a certified speech-language pathologist can help a child with speech or language difficulties.Read More | <urn:uuid:4221daf1-f80c-4a1a-863e-57c6395454fd> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://nortonchildrens.com/health-library/article/?library=parents&lang=en&url=/en/parents/comm-13-to-18.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257156.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523063645-20190523085645-00493.warc.gz | en | 0.955811 | 818 | 3.875 | 4 |
Naturopathy takes a holistic approach to wellness. Naturopathy supports a person to live a healthy lifestyle. The foundations of naturopathy are based on the importance of a healthy diet, clean fresh water, sunlight, exercise and stress management.
Naturopathy aims to educate the person to look after their own health and the health of their family, minimising symptoms of any illness, supporting the body’s capacity to heal, and balancing the body so that illness is less likely to occur in the future.
A range of therapies are used to support the person. Therapies may include nutritional medicine, diet advice, herbal medicine, homeopathy, lifestyle advice, and tactile therapies, such as massage, acupressure or Bowen technique.
A professional naturopath is someone who has completed, at a minimum, an Advanced Diploma in either Naturopathy or Health Science, is registered with a professional body and is insured appropriately. Usually, a naturopath will have completed a Bachelor-level qualification.
Most countries have professional associations for naturopaths. These associations will have a set of standards of practice and codes of ethics that naturopaths must abide by.
You may find a naturopath by contacting the various professional associations. Many of these have a directory of referred practitioners who meet the required criteria for professional practitioners.
Assessment by a naturopath
A well-trained naturopath will ask you about your diet, lifestyle, family background and environment, as well as the history of any illnesses or complaints. After taking a detailed health history, the naturopath may use other techniques, such as:
- blood analysis
- stool and urine analysis
- hair analysis
- functional testing.
Treatment by a naturopath
A naturopath employs a range of non-invasive techniques and these include (but are not limited to):
- nutrition and dietary advice. A poor diet stops the body from functioning well and a build-up of toxins can lead to a range of illnesses. Whole, fresh and unprocessed foods are recommended
- herbal medicine – herbs can support the body
- homeopathy – homeopathic treatments are used to stimulate the body
- hydrotherapy (water therapy). For instance, the use of hot and cold compresses might be used for certain conditions to influence the flow of blood and body heat
- physical therapies – such as massage, Bowen, acupressure, bio-puncture or mechanotherapy
- kinesiology and integrated bio-dynamics (IBD)
- counselling techniques – emotional problems and stress can interfere with the healing process. Counselling techniques can include stress management strategies and life coaching.
Special considerations for naturopathy
Naturopathy is not a treatment for specific illness or disease. Naturopathy is a complementary therapy in that it may be used alongside other medical and therapeutic techniques. Always be guided by your doctor or specialist before using naturopathy for any serious or chronic illness. Treat as suspect any practitioner who advises you to abandon your conventional medical treatment.
Fasting is sometimes recommended. Make sure you are in the hands of a qualified and reputable naturopath and have consulted your doctor before you start a fast.
See also: Complementary therapies, safety and legal issues.
Where to get help
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:
Australian Naturopathic Practitioners Association
Page content currently being reviewed.
Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health & Human Services shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. | <urn:uuid:91eb7a52-122b-48c1-95c8-dc2df4645890> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/ConditionsAndTreatments/naturopathy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890566.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706222442-20200707012442-00133.warc.gz | en | 0.922945 | 870 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a health condition that affects a person’s ability to breathe properly. It’s sometimes associated with other conditions such as Emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and large amounts of mucus that collect in the lungs.
Symptoms can worsen with time, but certain breathing exercises can help you to manage them.
There are five exercises that can be especially useful for people with COPD:
- pursed lip breathing
- coordinated breathing
- deep breathing
- huff cough
- diaphragmatic breathing
For this posting, I’d like to define one particular exercise known as the “Huff cough.”
What is the Huff Cough?
Huff coughing, or huffing, is an alternative to deep coughing when you have trouble clearing mucus out of your system. Take a deep breath (more than normal) and use your stomach muscles to make a series of quick and rapid exhalations with your airway open, making a “ha, ha, ha” sound.
Follow this exercise with controlled diaphragmatic breathing and a deep cough if you feel the mucus moving. | <urn:uuid:2ae7a21d-2386-49d2-8a37-59519cb84094> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.silverhccenter.com/huff-coughing-help-copd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824543.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021024136-20171021044136-00816.warc.gz | en | 0.936985 | 265 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The support resources provided give you background knowledge of the concepts as well as concrete actions that can be taken to help your child improve in that area. We provide two resources for each topic.
We suggest that you or a tutor read through the resources and use the activities with your child.
(1) Math Background
This provides a big-picture view of the topic, providing a background understanding of the related concepts.
(2) Remediation Chart
This provides a chart that outlines common misconceptions, and actions you can take to remediate them. There are also some exercises that you can have your child complete, with an answer key.
Let us know how you are using the resources! | <urn:uuid:8cede544-7781-4bf0-8444-4facd04d4df7> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://support.knowledgehook.com/en/articles/2829028-how-to-use-the-support-resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526508.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720111631-20190720133631-00379.warc.gz | en | 0.941617 | 141 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Monthly Archives: January 2018
Posted by year4
The Year 4 students have come back from the Christmas holiday rested and ready to learn! We have been really pleased with the level of engagement, the interest shown in our current unit and how enthusiastic everyone is, in general.
Thank you to all the parents who were able to attend and take part in the Three Way Conferences yesterday. We had a great time and hope you not only enjoyed yourself but also learned a lot about your child.
What else has been happening?
We have started our fractions unit in earnest now. Students have been using a variety of equipment to grow their understanding of fractions, and to investigate about improper fractions, mixed numbers and equivalent fractions.
Aside from that, we are primarily focussed on our unit of inquiry and getting ready for the Celebration of Learning which will take place on Thursday 8 February. Students have been researching about ailments, learning to determine importance when researching, and practicing for their final written report. They have also been unpacking science experiments and how to ensure they are kept ‘fair’.
Please keep Thursday 8 February free so you are able to attend our celebration of learning. We should be starting at approximately 10.40am, but we will confirm the exact time at a later date. | <urn:uuid:161e1cbe-4d46-49be-af12-54759e103aef> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://blogs.discovery.edu.hk/year-4/2018/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574710.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921231814-20190922013814-00487.warc.gz | en | 0.978194 | 262 | 2.875 | 3 |
A presentation from Museums and the Web 2009.
On-line mapping tools are quickly becoming ubiquitous, and have much to offer museums for both collection management and outreach. This paper explores potential applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), focusing on how two organizations, the Philadelphia City Archive and Philadelphia’s Mural Arts Program, have used GIS to expand their on-line presence and reach wider audiences with collections of historic photos and information on public art.
This paper focuses on how the geographic approach has spurred the growth of these sites into valuable assets for collections management and beloved sites for users. It explores how geographic technologies can be applied to both collections management and outreach for archives and museums to expand their reach and provide patrons with a new lens through which to view exhibits and collections.
Session: Mapping Museum Content [Institutional] | <urn:uuid:8f3e9617-8af0-4b1a-8bae-8fb1c6da4cb0> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://www.slideshare.net/museumsandtheweb/megan-heckert-putting-museum-collections-on-the-map-application-of-geographic-information-systems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189534.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00265-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932435 | 169 | 2.703125 | 3 |
is a pneumatic architectural facade system. It consists of a number of tiltable metal shingle bodies. An infinite array of shingles can be mounted on any building or wall as a modular system in multiples of 4×4 FLARE units. Each metal shingle reflects light from the surrounding environment. By reflecting ambient or direct sunlight, the individual shingles of the system act like pixels formed by natural light. In the vertical standby position, the sky or sunlight is reflected as a bright pixel. The computer-controlled system allows any kind of surface animation. Sensor systems inside and outside the building communicate the buildings activity directly to the FLARE system, which acts as the buildings lateral line. This turns any facade into a penetrable membrane, breaking with all conventions of the building surface as a static skin. | <urn:uuid:c698eb86-2d9e-4427-aba7-e53fef94016f> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://blutspur.tumblr.com/post/55602675232/flare-is-a-pneumatic-architectural-facade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657132007.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011212-00338-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901543 | 165 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Comets, Stars the Moon, and Mars is book of space paintings and poetry written and beautifully illustrated by artist, Douglas Florian. The book includes clever little poems about all eight planets, the sky, galaxies, and even a sad poem about how Pluto was demoted as a planet. This particular poem starts off as “Pluto was a planet. But now it doesn’t pass…” and goes on before concluding that Pluto was officially fired as a legitimate planet in out solar system. All the poems are easy to read and understand, making it a perfect book for kids to work on reading themselves. The scientific facts about the planets and space objects are neatly folded into the stanza, it never seems forced or cheesy. For example, one poem about black holes includes lines like, “some are small, some are quite wide. Gravity pulls, all things inside,” which subtly gives basic facts about black holes while still presenting a strong piece of poetry.Another helpful resource that the book offers is a glossary in the back with written paragraphs about each planet and space object mentioned in the poems. This is a great resource to help answer questions that arise while reading the poems as you introduce kids to the new topics. I really enjoy the paintings in the book that accompany each poem. I think the book can appeal to many kids because it combines both artistic and scientific thinking.
The book can be used to get kids interested in science and the topic of the universe by letting them read about it in a non-traditional way, through poetry and art. It satisfies the Virginia SOL for earth science 4.7 by talking about sizing, positioning and mass make-up of the earth, moon and sun. I think it could be appropriate for any grade between 3rd and 6th to give kids an alternative and maybe more fun way of looking at earth science.
- For some extra detailed information and facts about the planets and the solar system, check out this site by NASA
- Retreat back to a more traditional science book with this universe encyclopedia.
- Have students illustrate their own astronomy terms with some ideas here, you could even add in a poetry workshop and have each student create their own poem defining the terms just like in the book. | <urn:uuid:aa87b6a7-9ad6-4b43-ad8c-e599a2918aa7> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://blog.richmond.edu/openwidelookinside/archives/286 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510261771.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011741-00435-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963688 | 457 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Made in America American Flags around Plainville IL 62365
A national icon that goes by the nicknames “The Stars and Stripes”, “Old Glory”, as well as “The Star-Spangled Banner”, the American flag is one of the highly well-known icons in the world today. The American Flag is the third oldest of the National Standards of the world – older than the Union Jack of Britain or the Tricolor of France.
Who created the American Flag?
Based on popular stories, the first American flag was created by Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress that was an acquaintance of George Washington. In May 1776, so the story goes, General Washington and also two representatives from the Continental Congress went to Ross at her upholstery shop and revealed to her a sketch design of the flag. Although Washington originally preferred utilizing a star with 6 points, Ross promoted for a five-pointed star, which could be cut with just one quick snip of the scissors, and also the gents were swayed. Chroniclers have actually not been able to verify this version of occasions.
In those days, the flag was not the very same as we know it today. The act mentioned, “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternating red and also white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue area, standing for a new constellation.”
What does the American Flag represent?
The flag first rose over thirteen states along the Atlantic seaboard, with a population of some 3 million people. Today it flies over fifty states, expanding throughout the continent, and over great islands of the two oceans; as well as millions owe it allegiance.
The flag consists of 13 alternating red as well as white horizontal stripes standing for the very first thirteen British communities that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, as well as became the first states in the US. This blue location of the flag is called the Union.
The significance of the Flag, as quoted from Washington: “We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, dividing it by white red stripes, thus showing that we have separated from her, and the white red stripes shall go down to posterity representing Liberty.”
It incarnates for all humanity the spirit of freedom and also the glorious principle of human liberty; not the freedom of unrestraint or the freedom of license, yet an one-of-a-kind ideal of equal opportunity forever, liberty and also the quest of happiness, safeguarded by the demanding and lofty principles of duty, of sanctity and of justice, as well as attainable by obedience to self-imposed legislations.
Two times informed stories of national honor and also glory cluster thickly about it. It births witness to the tremendous development of our national boundaries, the advancement of our natural sources, as well as the remarkable framework of our civilization. It forecasts the triumph of prominent government, of civic and spiritual liberty and also of national decency throughout the globe.
Why is the American Flag essential to American community?
The American flag is essential due to the fact that it signifies the independent federal government as defined under the United States Constitution. Add to that, it also represents the history, ideas and also values of its people. As a democratic country, its people abide by necessary values such as freedom, justice and also equality. Additionally, the flag likewise represents the numerous successes of the country along with the pride of its people.
This national icon reminds people, not just in the state of Illinois, but throughout the whole USA regarding the different essential elements of the Declaration of Independence. It is a complex symbol, which means the liberty and also rights of Americans. Floating from the lofty peak of American idealism, it is a sign of withstanding hope.
It is the sign made visible of the solid spirit that has brought liberty as well as prosperity to the peoples of America. It is the flag of all us alike. Allow us accord it recognize and loyalty.
Where can I find American Flags?
You most likely already discovered this, however there are a great deal of places where you could obtain American flags. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that the flag you’re going to get should be “Made in America”.
Based upon data, Americans invest over 5.3 million dollars on imported flags every year – a lot of which are made in China. Possibly a lot more disturbing is that throughout 2001, in the wave of nationalism that spread over America after 9/11, Americans got $52 million dollars in imported flags. The flag must represent the blood, sweat, and tears of American men and women that brought this nation into existence, not our debt to China and the fatality of the American production field.
The flag signifies national freedom and also prominent sovereignty. It is not the flag of a reigning family or royal house, yet of the many free people bonded into a country, one as well as inseparable, joined not only by community of passion, but by vital unity of view and also function; a country distinguished for the clear specific perception of its citizens alike of their obligations and their opportunities, their commitments and also their civil liberties.
So have a little pride, spend a couple more bucks, as well as acquire an American flag made by Americans in the United States.
Plainville ZIP codes we serve: 62365 | <urn:uuid:690a0d60-ef63-4daa-9fe3-e925a72cb7d0> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://americanflagweb.net/american-flags-plainville-il-62365.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110573.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822085147-20170822105147-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.961979 | 1,114 | 2.875 | 3 |
An English teacher wrote these words on the whiteboard: «woman without her man is nothing». The teacher then asked the students to punctuate the words correctly. The men wrote: «Woman, without her man, is nothing.»The women wrote: «Woman! Without her, man is nothing.»
Crossword puzzle help
List of words beginning with:
n. Imitation diamond. [river rhine in germany]
n. (pl. Same or -roses) large thick-skinned mammal with usu. One horn on its nose. [greek rhis rhin- nose, keras horn]
n. (also riboflavine) vitamin of the b complex, found in liver, milk, and eggs. [ribose sugar, latin flavus yellow]
n. Something amusing, joke.
adj. - deserving or inviting ridicule.
- unreasonable. ridiculously adv. Ridiculousness n. RIFLERANGE
n. Place for rifle-practice.
n. Steep-sided valley formed by subsidence between nearly parallel faults.
n. Loose-leaf binder with ring-shaped clasps.
n. Leading instigator of a crime, mischief, etc.
n. Person directing a circus performance.
html-code online crossword dictionary:
To add to the dictionary krossvordista new word or its definition to an existing word, click on the "Add a word or definition of" fill opened form and click "to send".
A cow produces 200 times more gas a day than a person. | <urn:uuid:864f0d4c-21ed-4c62-b3b9-b25421225420> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://crosswordspuzzles.net/dictionary/find.php?slovo=R_137 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107876768.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021151342-20201021181342-00563.warc.gz | en | 0.77112 | 332 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Blue nature-based solutions in and of cities
by Thilo Wellmann & Dagmar Haase, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Urban waterbodies, such as lakes, rivers, and ponds, are essential components of our cities and towns. They not only add to the aesthetic value of our urban landscapes but also provide a range of ecosystem services for the urban quality of life, such as regulating water quality, mitigating flood risk, and supporting biodiversity (Haase, 2015). Biodiversity in urban waterbodies is particularly important as it provides several benefits that are essential for maintaining healthy and functional ecosystems. In this blog post, we focus on the interaction of green and blue components with build urban infrastructure – forming so called social-ecological-technological systems (SETs; McPhearson et al., 2016).
Urban waterbodies are often impacted by urbanization, pollution, and climate change. Therefore, it is essential to protect and conserve these aquatic ecosystems to ensure their long-term health and resilience so that they are able to provide ecosystem services and underpin ecological function in altered urban ecosystems. This can be achieved through a range of strategies, such as improving water quality, restoring degraded riverine ecosystems, and promoting the use of green, sometimes grey-green infrastructure (Pauleit et al., 2019). It is also important to engage local communities and stakeholders in the conservation and management of urban waterbodies to ensure that aquatic ecosystems are valued and protected.
Central in these protection efforts are nature-based solutions (NbS), which are strategies and actions that use ecosystem structures and processes to address societal challenges, such as climate change, health risks, or biodiversity loss. A central form of NbS is green and blue infrastructure (GBI), which is a network of natural and semi-natural spaces, such as parks, green roofs, and urban forests, that provide ecosystem services in urban areas (Pauleit et al., 2019). GBI can positively impact biodiversity through the creation of wetlands and ponds as part of green-blue infrastructure providing breeding grounds for aquatic species, and riparian vegetation that provides shade and food for aquatic organisms. In addition, green-blue infrastructure can also contribute to the regulation of water quality and quantity when fixing pollutants and lowering runoff velocity (Xu et al., 2020), which is essential for maintaining healthy and functional ecosystems of whole cities.
There is a wide range of actions to support biodiversity in and among GBI. These can be actions of restoration or changing built for green infrastructure. Restoration actions can revitalise ecosystems that have been degraded or destroyed by human activities, such as aforementioned pollution or urbanization. For example, the restoration of riparian vegetation along urban waterways can provide habitat for fish, birds, and other aquatic organisms. While traditional stormwater management systems, such as concrete channels and pipes, can negatively impact natural hydrological processes that are essential for maintaining healthy and functional ecosystems, nature-based stormwater management solutions, such as constructed wetlands, rain gardens, and permeable pavements, can positively impact urban hydrological processes up to the entire water cycle (Guererro et al., 2017). Through improved infiltration and retention of stormwater less built infrastructure in cities is needed allowing green infrastructure to provide more co-benefits to both biodiversity and society potentially ending up in more nature-based infrastructure.
Next to biodiversity, urban waterbodies provide opportunities for urban residents to engage with nature, and this can have positive impacts on mental health and wellbeing of the people. NbS and GBI can provide important social benefits by supporting the social functions of water bodies, for instance, biodiversity can enhance the recreational value of urban water bodies by supporting a diversity of fish and wildlife species that can be enjoyed by anglers, birdwatchers, and other outdoor enthusiasts. A diverse range of aquatic plant species can also contribute to the aesthetic value of water bodies, enhancing their visual appeal and creating a more immersive natural environment for recreational activities (Pinho et al., 2023).
Thus, biodiversity in and around urban water bodies can be of value for human-nature interactions. Healthy ecosystems can be the foundation for activities like swimming or fishing in and around cities. Also, the presence of diverse fish and aquatic invertebrate species can provide opportunities for environmental education, while the presence of rare or threatened species can help to raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation. The presence of culturally significant fish species or aquatic plants can help to reinforce the connection between water bodies and local communities. Biodiversity in urban water bodies can contribute to the social functions of these water bodies in a variety of ways, enhancing their value as important components of urban ecosystems and contributing to community well-being and quality of life.
Critical for social functions is the location of the water body as well as the interaction with the surroundings. Water bodies located in the city centre may have different spatial characteristics than those located in the urban periphery. The land-use surrounding urban water bodies defines their potential to provide ecosystem services, so for example, water bodies surrounded by parks and natural areas may more effectively reduce runoff or filter pollutants compared to those surrounded by urban grey infrastructure and sealed surfaces.
Important for social functions as well as for the benefits for biodiversity is the connectivity of urban water bodies. Water bodies that are connected to larger river systems or other water bodies may offer different supporting functions for biodiversity compared to those that are pipe-fed. Further, depth of urban water bodies and the features of their shorelines can also impact their functions. What is more, the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in urban waterbodies can have direct economic benefits, such as reducing the costs of flood control. These functions can be expanded through the integration of NbS into water management, by planning for green-blue infrastructure mixed with grey multifunctionality.
The spatial embeddedness of NbS can have important implications for their ecological and social functions, as well as for their resilience and adaptability to changing urban conditions (Wellmann et al., 2023). Understanding these spatial aspects can help to inform management and conservation efforts, and ensure that urban water bodies are valued and protected as important components of urban ecosystems. Healthy urban waterbodies are essential for maintaining the health and resilience of our cities. These ecosystems provide a range of ecosystem services, including water purification, climate regulation, and cultural and economic value. Therefore, it is essential to protect and conserve these ecosystems to ensure their long-term health and sustainability. By planning for multifunctionality using nature-based solutions in and of cities, we can create cities that are not only liveable but also sustainable, resilient, and biodiverse.
Much of this we can observe in the city of Berlin, Germany, in which we would like to invite you to take a short tour, showing some facets blue NbS can have in cities rich in green-blue infrastructure (Wellmann et al., 2020).
A tour through the diverse blue NbS landscape of Berlin
All photos taken by Thilo Wellmann
Guerrero P, Haase D, Albert C 2018. Locating spatial opportunities for nature-based solutions: a river landscape application. Water 10, 1869; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121869
Haase D 2015 Reflections About Blue Ecosystem Services in Cities. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology. Available online http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212613915000112.
McPhearson T Pickett S, Grimm N, Niemelä J, Elmqvist T, Weber C, Breuste J, Haase D, Qureshi S. 2016. Ecology for an Urban Planet: Advancing Research and Practice Towards a Science of Cities. BioScience. https://doi:10.1093/biosci/biw002.
Pauleit S, Anton S. Olafsson, Emily Rall, Alexander van der Jagt, Bianca Ambrose-Oji, Erik Andersson, Barbara Anton, Arjen Buijs, Dagmar Haase, Birgit Elands, Rieke Hansen, Ingo Kowarik, Jakub Kronenberg, Thomas Mattijssen 2019. Urban green infrastructure in Europe – status quo, innovation and perspectives. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. Urb Forest Urb Green. 40(4), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.10.006.
Pinho et al. 2023. Urban aquatic nature-based solutions in a context of global change: Uncovering the social-ecological-technological framework. Forthcoming.
Xu Chao, Mohammad Rahman, Dagmar Haase, Yiping Wu, Meirong Su, Stephan Pauleit. 2020. Surface runoff under different urban dynamics: The role of residential cover and urban growth form. Journal of Cleaner Production 121421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121421
Wellmann, T., E. Andersson, S. Knapp, A. Lausch, J. Palliwoda, J. Priess, S. Scheuer, and D. Haase. 2023. Reinforcing nature-based solutions through tools providing social-ecological-technological integration. Ambio 52: 489–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01801-4
Wellmann, T., F. Schug, D. Haase, D. Pflugmacher, and S. van der Linden. 2020. Green growth? On the relation between population density, land use and vegetation cover fractions in a city using a 30-years Landsat time series. Landscape and Urban Planning 202. Elsevier: 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103857
Note: A first draft of this blogpost was based on answers provided by ChatGPT. Answers were checked and vastly rewritten.
This research was funded through the 2020-2021 Biodiversa and Water JPI joint call for research projects, under the BiodivRestore ERA-NET Cofund (GA N°101003777), with the EU and the funding organisations The Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgium; Academy of Finland (AKA), VDI/VDE-IT, Germany; National Science Center (NCN), Poland and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal | <urn:uuid:be8c936e-d934-41f7-b2f7-4f5e47d63801> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://bringingnatureback.com/research-news/research-stories/blue-nature-based-solutions-in-and-of-cities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950110.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401160259-20230401190259-00664.warc.gz | en | 0.904312 | 2,197 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Do you like using riddles with your class? Good, because I'm becoming a bit obsessed with making riddle resources.
I've made autumn riddles, winter riddles, alphabet riddles, Thanksgiving riddles, and number riddles.
So now I've decided to make... uh, riddles again.
This time I'm venturing into some new territory, the intermediate grades. 100 Riddles for the Hundred Chart is one of my most popular resources, so I thought I'd make a version for fourth and fifth grade.
There are 100 riddles for the numbers 1 through 100. For each number, there are 2 to 3 clues, each addressing a different standard. CCCS topics addressed include multipication, division, remainders,
prime numbers, factors, multiples, place value, geometric shapes, area, perimeter, and more.
Have a closer look...
Here's a free sample from the pack. If you're reading this blog, you're most likely a primary grade teacher. Could you help me by passing along this freebie to an intermediate friend? Thanks!! | <urn:uuid:20e4cfad-582c-4189-9495-91a96242faab> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://primaryinspiration.blogspot.com/2012/11/more-riddles-freebie.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500812662.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021332-00425-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927301 | 226 | 2.71875 | 3 |
bra-land. In its original extent the Northan-hymbra-land—Latinized Northumbria—included the whole country occupied by the Angles north of the Humber, that is, the territory from the Humber to the Forth. The oldest division of this territory was at the river Tees, by which it was parted into the two provinces of Bernicia and Deira—the Bryneich and Deifr of the ancient British bards—which were now under the rule of a single monarch, now independent of each other; the seat of the Bernician ruler being at Bamborough, that of the sovereign of Deira at York. After the final separation of the two provinces, the name of Northumbria was retained by the northern province between the Tees and the Forth, until the cession of the district north of the Tweed to the King of the Scots, and the placing of the district between the Tees and Tyne under the jurisdiction of Durham, left the territory between the Tyne and Tweed, or the present shire of Northumberland, as the mutilated representative of the ancient Northan-hymbra-land. Cymraland, Cumbra-land, or Cumbria, the territory of the northern Cymry, the Gwynedd-a-Gogledd, or "Wales of the North" of Aneurin, stretched from the Firth of Clyde to Morecambe Bay; but after Strathclyde and the territories adjacent had been annexed to Scotland, the name of Cumberland became restricted to the fragment south of the Solway. It is necessary to distinguish carefully these varying applications of the names of Northumberland and Cumberland; and especially not to confound the ancient territories with the modern English counties, which are the mere stumps of the original provinces, after the kings of England and Scotland had successively cut off and appropriated their northern and southern extremities, and England, as the stronger power, finally absorbed the remainder.
§ 4. The date at which the Teutonic invaders first appeared in the north has not been accurately determined. There seems good reason for believing that, before the abandonment of the country by the Romans, they aided the Picts and Scots beyond the Northern Wall in their attacks upon the Eomanized provinces, and shortly after that event they appear as permanent settlers. According to Nennius, shortly after the landing of the Saxons in Kent, Octa and Ebissa, the son and nephew of Hengist, crossed the North Sea with forty ciules, and having devastated the Orkneys, and sailed round the land of the Picts, they came and seized several districts below the Forth (Mare Fresicum, which he describes as forming—in his day—the boundary between the Saxons and Scots) as far as the confines of the Picts. According to the tradition preserved by Fordun, they came at the invitation of Drust or Drostan, the Pictish king, a statement which tallies with Bede's account of a league between the Saxons and Picts. William of Malmesbury, who wrote at a much later period, in the midst of the feudal notions of his age, states, that | <urn:uuid:8409a633-dfc9-40d3-9e09-8525e17ce27a> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_dialect_of_the_southern_counties_of_Scotland_-_Murray_-_1873.djvu/20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949093.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330004340-20230330034340-00718.warc.gz | en | 0.969712 | 683 | 3.265625 | 3 |
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
This publication is a compilation of papers presented at the Conference on Handicapped Children in Michigan, conducted from February 20 to 21, 1961, under the auspices of the Michigan Crippled Children Commission in collaboration with the Division of Maternal and Child Health of the Michigan Department of Health. The conference was conducted primarily to provide information needed by health officers and supervisory or senior nurses in handling problems arising in their local health units of Michigan.
Several introductory papers deal with the handicapped as a public health problem and point out current problems and the scope and availability of services in the State of Michigan. The majority of papers are concerned with problems which result from cleft lip and cleft palate, prevention of prematurity through public health programs, and proper care of premature infants. The final group of papers concerns blindness, sight conservation, and a symposium on reading readiness.
Baird VC. Handicapped Children—Problems, Programs, Services—in Michigan. JAMA. 1962;181(5):456. doi:10.1001/jama.1962.03050310096028
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Create a personal account or sign in to: | <urn:uuid:a63e76c2-1fc6-4930-ad83-3fbe991f1734> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/328120 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370519111.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404011558-20200404041558-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.924442 | 287 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The Vile Taste of Vengeance
In the history of the printed text, Herman Melville’s Moby Dick stands tall as a towering achievement in American literature. Published in 1851, it is a timeless classic that, up until today, remains to be one of the most studied literary work. Its impact in American literature, and literature in general, is deeply-rooted. Its influences still reverberate today and has also inspired many a writer. It is part of numerous must-read lists and is a backbone of the American education system curriculum for literature. What does this classic hold that it sits high up in the literary pedestal?
The tale starts when Ishmael traveled from Manhattan Island to New Bedford, Massachusetts, in the hopes of signing up for a whaling expedition. On the way, he met and befriends Queequeg, a Polynesian harpooner whose father once ruled the fictional island of Rokovoko. Together, they ventured into Nantucket where they were both hired to man the whaling ship, Pequod.
Pequot is captained by a mysterious and reclusive man, Captain Ahab. As Pequod unfurls its sails to commence its journey, it slowly dawns on Ishmael and Queequeg that what they’ve signed up for is going to be no ordinary hunting expedition. Unbeknownst to them, they have been hired to be a part of a manhunt that will take them across the seven seas. It is going to be a journey like no other.
“There are certain queer times and occasions in this strange mixed affair we call life when a man takes this whole universe for a vast practical joke, though the wit thereof he but dimly discerns, and more than suspects that the joke is at nobody’s expense but his own.” ~ Herman Melville, Moby Dick
On the surface, whales and the whaling industry are the main motifs of the narrative. Whaling was once a thriving industry that once shaped the history of America. Through Moby Dick, Melville wrote a vivid portrayal of this once seminal industry. It was further supplemented by encyclopedic descriptions of whales, its anatomy, its social structures and its behaviors. Cetology, the zoological classification and natural history of whales, was extensively discussed by Ishmael, giving a background to readers.
But Moby Dick is more than just about whales and the whaling industry. In Alternatively titled The Whale, it is also the story of one man and his quest to capture a mythical leviathan that has haunted him ever since their first encountered it. At its core, Captain Ahab’s obsession for vengeance against Moby Dick pervades the narrative, becoming one of its centrifugal points. As Pequod set sail, Captain Ahab quite eloquently enunciated the main mission of Pequod – to seek revenge on the sea monster that caused one of his legs to be amputated. To remind him of his lifelong endeavor, he replaced his leg with a prosthesis fashioned from a whale’s jaw.
Apart from Captain Ahab’s prosthetic legs, the rich tapestry of the novel is hemmed with several allegories and allusions to subjects that were critical at the time of the novel’s publication. There were undertones of colonialism and racism, represented through Queequeg and the diverse crew of the Pequod. Because of his bulky tattooed built and background, Ishmael once perceived Queequeg, including his tribe, as a cannibal. Overtones of homosexual tension reverberate at surface level whilst slavery was a recurring theme.
“All men live enveloped in whale-lines. All are born with halters round their necks; but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever-present perils of life. And if you be a philosopher, though seated in the whale-boat, you would not at heart feel one whit more of terror, than though seated before your evening fire with a poker, and not a harpoon, by your side.” ~ Herman Melville, Moby Dick
In harmony with the different themes is the contrast of two personalities that dominate the narrative. The text was embedded with fine but subtle textures of the character study of the between Captain Ahab and Ishmael. Whilst both were orphaned, they were driven by different motivations – Captain Ahab by anger and Ishmael by in-depth pondering. Captain Ahab’s quest for vengeance drove most of the narrative but Ishmael’ meditations formed a stable cornerstone for the rest of the narrative.
With a grand premise, Melville showcased the best of his repertoire. If there is one particular element that made Moby Dick tower above its contemporaries, it is his ambitious, but mostly visionary writing. Resourceful and innovative, Melville employed a multitude of literary and structural devices make a seemingly simple whaling adventure appear robust. Ishmael’s drove the narrative using different genres to expound on the literary sequences.
There is a richness about the text that drives it. The rich religious overtones punctuate the meditative text. Some were in the form of quandaries but rather than being rhetorical, these interjections are open-ended passages that provide discussion points. The language’s archaic quality slows down the narrative. Despite the slow pace, the language was allusive, meaningful, and, at some points, uncharacteristically poetic.
These was all supplemented by the distinct personalities of Captain Ahab and Ishmael. Captain Ahab’s one-dimensional personality shrouds him a mystique that adds intrigue to the overall narrative.The transition of the voice gave the narrative an intriguing complexion. As the story develops, Captain Ahab’s voice became more and more distinct and at tone time, his voice has even fused with Ishmael’s. From its visionary writing to its cultural ruminations, what surfaces is its American qualities. Despite its several layers, its American identity is undeniable.
“There is a wisdom that is woe; but there is a woe that is madness. And there is a Catskill eagle in some souls that can alike dive down into the blackest gorges, and soar out of them again and become invisible in the sunny spaces. And even if he for ever flies within the gorge, that gorge is in the mountains; so that even in his lowest swoop the mountain eagle is still higher than other birds upon the plain, even though they soar.” ~ Herman Melville, Moby Dick
Moby Dick is one of the most ruminating reading experiences in the world of literature. The meditations of Ishmael and Captain Ahab’s fiery presence compound to create a stirring reading experience that sails high in the halls of literature. The stark contrast between the personalities provided a rousing backdrop to an eventful whaling expedition. Its execution is far from perfect. In fact, it is flawed but it is also these flaws that make gave it such a different appeal.
The quintessence of an American novel, Moby Dick is a towering literary achievement that has set the bar high for many aspiring American writer. With influences that reverberate today, it is, without a doubt, a cornerstone of American literature, and literature as a whole.
Characters (30%) – 14%
Plot (30%) – 12%
Writing (25%) – 20%
Overall Impact (15%) – 10%
Herman Melville’s Moby Dick has always intrigued me. However, one thing kept me ambivalent – its very low rating in Goodreads. At the start, it was going well, then it got to the part where whales and whaling industry was discussed extensively. I plunged into the narrative believing that I could debunk what I felt was an unfair evaluation. I guess everyone was right in their evaluation. Moby Dick is an innovative literary work but its complexities render most of it unreadable. Props to Melville for his visionary writing but he lost me with the tedious encyclopedic knowledge on the whaling industry. Whilst it was fascinating, it was also exasperating and very difficult to get in to.
Author: Herman Melville
Publisher: The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.
Publishing Date: 1989
Number of Pages: 490
Genre: Adventure Fiction, Encyclopedic Novel
“It is the horrible texture of a fabric that should be woven of ships’ cables and hawsers. A Polar wind blows through it, and birds of prey hover over it.”
So Melville wrote of his masterpiece, one of the greatest works of imagination in literary history. In part, Moby-Dick is the story of an eerily compelling madman pursuing an unholy war against a creature as vast and dangerous and unknowable as the sea itself. But more than just a novel of adventure, more than an encyclopaedia of whaling lore and legend, the book can be seen as part of its author’s lifelong meditation on America. Written with wonderfully redemptive humour, Moby-Dick is also a profound inquiry into character, faith, and the nature of perception. (Source: Goodreads)
About the Author
(Herman Melville, 1870. Oil painting by Joseph Oriel Eaton) Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819 in New York City, the third of Allan and Maria Melvill’s eight children.
Melville’s formal education began in 1824 when he and his older brother, Gansevoort, were sent to New York Male High School. Five years later, they were both transferred to Columbia Grammar and Preparatory School where Herman was enrolled in the English department. Their father’s death in 1832 caused a great shift in their lives. Because of their financial situation, Melville clerked for a bank. He also once moved to Massachusetts for a teaching job and even worked as a crew member on a boat.
After the family moved to Albany in 1834, Melville enrolled at the Albany Academy and Albany Classical School, studying classical literature. It was also there that he began writing poems, essays and short stories. After his years at sea, he settled once again in New York, where, in 1845, he completed Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, his first book. A year later, it was published in London. Typee’s sequel, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas was published in 1847.
In 1851, Melville’s most prolific and most critically-acclaimed work, Moby Dick was published. His other works include Redburn: His First Voyage (1849), Pierre (1852), and The Encantadas (1854). He also published short stories and a score of poetry collections such as Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866) and John Marr and Other Sailors (1888).
Melville married Elizabeth Knapp Shaw in 1847 with whom he sired four children. He passed away on September 28, 1891. | <urn:uuid:ab796dd6-e4b5-43b7-b6bd-a0b21e65f69d> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://thetorogichronicles.com/2020/03/15/book-review-164-moby-dick/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347390448.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200526050333-20200526080333-00250.warc.gz | en | 0.967699 | 2,328 | 3.3125 | 3 |
At our learning centre, we recently held a discussion on- “What is important for success- knowledge, power or wealth?”
Importance of Power
The participants in the discussions were entrepreneurs, corporate executives, bankers and others. Different views were presented by the speakers. Some considered knowledge as most important factor. They enumerated examples of successful people who had risen from being unknown to highly rated successful individual by consistently acquiring knowledge and gainfully using it. Knowledge in such cases did not necessarily mean any university degree or such other qualification. Knowledge, here, denotes application of mind of the practical knowledge received through any medium and using the same for earning name, fame and wealth. Steve Jobs is one such example. Our own Dhirubhai Ambani is another. Even Warren Buffet’s story is no different. It is rags to riches. While academic Knowledge has also helped lots of people to become successful and famous.
Importance of Power
The role of power in success, too, cannot be undermined. Politicians achieve power and then use the same to achieve greater power. This is how power helps them to be successful. In the present scenario, a powerful politician can introduce his/her son or daughter to become a nominated leader and in the process achieve success in politics. Many politicians, today, are following this model of leadership succession. Likewise, a powerful bureaucrat can use his power to help his friend relative to achieve success.
Importance of Wealth
Wealth can buy knowledge and power. So, one may say that if you have money, you can achieve any goal by hiring people, facilities to create any large project and achieve success. But without Knowledge achieved through experience it is very difficult to see the success of a large project. Political leaders can no doubt introduce their wards in leadership succession through the power they wield, but unless they ensure that the latter gain sufficient experience, the entrant may not be successful. Knowledge acquired through experience alone will bring success to them. Here too, Knowledge gained with experience becomes important. Power alone will not work.
So, the fact of the matter is that knowledge learnt through studies or gained through experience is indeed very important in any field.
But, it needs to be remembered that the meaning of success has to be defined by each and every individual in his/her own terms.
How should one do that? That will be a subject of another post.
Thank you. for Reading ? | <urn:uuid:581f5542-adb9-4a6f-86cd-02987e8b4789> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://blog.nimblefoundation.org/tag/leadership-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107922746.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20201101001251-20201101031251-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.971189 | 498 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Obama administration will next week unveil a cornerstone of its climate-change initiative with a proposed rule aimed at allowing states to use cap-and-trade systems, renewable energy and other measures to meet aggressive goals for reducing carbon emissions by existing power plants.
Energy companies and others affected by the proposal will be watching for key details, including the percentage by which companies and states must reduce carbon emissions, which is expected to be proposed in a range instead of a single number. The baseline year against which those reductions are calculated will also be closely monitored.
But the proposal is designed to give states, which will administer the regulations, flexibility to meet the benchmarks, as opposed to placing emissions limits on individual plants, according to people familiar with the Environmental Protection Agency's work on the rule.
Central to the strategy of flexibility: the option to include a cap-and-trade component where a limit is set on emissions and companies can trade allowances or credits for emissions as a way of staying under different benchmarks the EPA sets for each state. Power-plant operators could trade emissions credits or use other offsets in the power sector, such as renewable energy or energy-efficiency programs, to meet the target.
The proposed rule is "going to enable states to move forward in a way that works best for them with the energy resources they have," said Dan Utech, special assistant to Mr. Obama for energy and climate issues.
Still, the June 2 release is likely to reverberate across the nation's political, legal and environmental policy landscape as competing interests debate the economic cost and the science of climate change. The EPA is scheduled to complete the rule by June 2015, and states must submit their implementation plans the following year, according to the timeline Mr. Obama set last summer. The likelihood of lawsuits and political opposition could upend this schedule.
This week, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce is expected to release a report estimating how much the EPA proposal could cost the U.S. economy, including its potential impact on gross domestic product and jobs.
The proposed rule would affect hundreds of power plants nationwide and is expected to be challenging for utilities with a large number of coal-fired generators, which the EPA says account for about one-third of U.S. greenhouse-gas emissions. Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than oil and natural gas, but it is also the cheapest and most plentiful source for power, providing 40% of the nation's electricity. | <urn:uuid:fbe1d2c3-f798-418b-8e1f-7e229c567454> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/05/27/white-house-to-propose-rule-giving-states-free-rein-to-meet-emission-reduction.html?intcmp=latestnews | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864257.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621192119-20180621212119-00310.warc.gz | en | 0.962384 | 494 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Depression can be an early sign of an underlying medical condition not yet recognised such as thyroid disease, heart attack, cancers of the lung and pancreas.
NEW YORK: It’s perfectly normal for someone to feel anxious or depressed after receiving a diagnosis of a serious illness. But what if the reverse occurs and symptoms of anxiety or depression masquerade as a yet-to-be-diagnosed physical disorder?
Or what if someone’s physical symptoms stem from a psychological problem? How long might it take before the true cause of the symptoms is uncovered and proper treatment begun?
Psychiatric Times, a medical publication seen by some 50,000 psychiatrists each month, recently published a “partial listing” of 47 medical illnesses, ranging from cardiac arrhythmias to pancreatic cancer, that may first present as anxiety. Added to that was another “partial listing” of 30 categories of medications that may cause anxiety, including antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs.
These lists were included in an article called Managing Anxiety in the Medically Ill, meant to alert mental health practitioners to the possibility that some patients seeking treatment for anxiety or depression may have an underlying medical condition that must be addressed before any emotional symptoms are likely to resolve.
Doctors who treat ailments like cardiac, endocrine or intestinal disorders would do well to read this article as well lest they do patients a serious disservice by not recognising an emotional cause of physical symptoms or addressing the emotional components of a physical disease.
For example, Dr Yu Dong, a psychiatrist at Inova Fairfax Hospital in Virginia, and colleagues pointed out in May that patients with respiratory conditions like asthma, sleep apnea or pulmonary embolism could present with symptoms of anxiety, or those with cardiac symptoms like chest pain or rapid heartbeat could have an anxiety disorder.
The problem of missing the proper diagnosis grows out of a long-ago separation of powers within the medical profession that often limits the ability of practitioners to see the forest for the trees, as it were. Medical doctors like cardiologists or gastroenterologists are often ill-equipped to recognise and treat emotional symptoms related to a physical ailment, and psychiatrists may not consider the possibility that a patient with symptoms like palpitations, fatigue or dizziness really has a physical ailment.
Indeed, doctors at the Montreal Heart Institute reported in 1996 that about a quarter of 441 patients who came to the emergency room because of chest pain were in fact suffering from panic disorder, not a heart ailment. On the other hand, a woman I know who was being treated for panic attacks turned out to have a cardiac abnormality, and once that was corrected, her panic attacks disappeared.
Furthermore, anxiety is often overlooked as the source of disorders like substance abuse or addiction, or as a contributing factor to symptoms in conditions like migraine headaches or irritable bowel syndrome.
The Mayo Clinic lists several factors that suggest the possibility that anxiety may result from an underlying medical disorder:
None of your blood relatives has an anxiety disorder.
You didn’t have an anxiety disorder as a child.
Developed anxiety seemingly out of the blue.
Don’t avoid certain things or situations because of anxiety.
Persistent anxiety can cause symptoms like dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea and frequent urination. People suffering from anxiety disorders can develop an array of additional physical symptoms as well, like muscle pain, fatigue, headaches and shortness of breath, which can lead to all manner of costly tests in a futile search for a physical cause. Yet nearly a third of people with an anxiety disorder are never treated for it.
The problem affects children as well. Anxiety disorders in children may be expressed as recurrent stomachaches or sleep disorders, including frequent nightmares and teeth grinding.
When people have a chronic physical illness, untreated anxiety can make the symptoms worse and the disorder more difficult to treat. Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for example, untreated anxiety can result in more frequent hospitalisations and more severe breathing difficulties. And those with physical ailments and untreated anxiety are also more likely to die sooner.
Anyone with a chronic ailment who experiences symptoms common to anxiety might consider being checked out for this emotional component and getting treatment, if needed. There are several effective therapeutic approaches for anxiety, including cognitive-behavioural therapy and medication that can result in a much improved quality of life.
Depression, too, can be an early sign of an underlying medical condition not yet recognised. Among conditions in which this has occurred are thyroid disease, heart attack, cancers of the lung and pancreas, and the adrenal disorder Cushing’s disease.
In a report in the journal Psychotherapy and Psychodynamics, researchers pointed out that a neurological disorder like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease may first show up as a psychiatric problem years before neurological symptoms become apparent that result in a correct diagnosis.
They cited a study of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, three-fourths of whom experienced a delay in diagnosis because they had symptoms of major depression.
“Physicians may not pursue medical work-up of cases that appear to be psychiatric in nature,” the team wrote. “They should be alerted that disturbances in mood, anxiety and irritability may antedate the appearance of a medical disorder.”
Thus, it may be up to patients themselves or their advocates to suggest to therapists that something other than an emotional problem may be responsible for psychiatric disturbances that don’t respond to standard psychiatric remedies.
Keep in mind that humans are not divided into two different organisms: A physical one and an emotional one. Mind and body are a single construct with two-way communication, and what happens in the body below the head can — and often does — affect the brain and vice versa.
Medical practice has been slow to catch up with what was demonstrated by healers long before the advent of modern medical science. Although these healers may have had nothing to administer more potent than a placebo, they could sometimes successfully treat the body through the mind. Their patients expected the treatment to work, and so it often did.
Nowadays, when researchers study the effectiveness of a new treatment, they routinely include a control group that acts as a placebo to help determine the benefits of the remedy in question over and above those induced by a patient’s belief that the new remedy will work. | <urn:uuid:1122848c-d875-4b6a-9bb7-b7c35d1de2e7> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.naturallytreatmentanxiety.com/blog/anxiety-depression-masks-medical-problem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221216453.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20180820121228-20180820141228-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.951322 | 1,314 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Bed Bug are small, oval, brownish insects that live on the blood of animals or humans. Adult bedbugs have flat bodies about the size of an apple seed.
After feeding, however, their bodies swell and are reddish color.
Bedbugs do not fly, but they can move quickly over floors, walls, and ceilings. Female bedbugs may lay hundreds of eggs, each of which is about the size of a speck of dust, over a lifetime.
Bedbugs may enter your home through luggage, clothing and used beds. Bedbugs do not have nests like ants or bees, but tend to live in groups in hiding places. Their initial hiding places are typically in mattresses, box springs, and bed frames where they have easy access to people to bite in the night.
However, they are opportunistic insects and can take a blood meal during the day, especially in heavily-infested areas. If you wake up with itchy areas you didn’t have when you went to sleep, you may have bedbugs. Bed bugs can also hide in electrical switchplates, picture frames, wallpaper and nearly anywhere inside a home, car, or other shelter.
- As soon as possible once you notice bed bug presence . It can become worst if leave it untreated as the population increase too fast.
- RESIDUAL SPRAY | <urn:uuid:9e112364-8ab4-41c4-a3de-ceae94fa399d> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://betaraypest.com/bed-bugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506477.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401223807-20200402013807-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.942088 | 275 | 3.09375 | 3 |
If you can’t find someone in a particular English census, the address can help. If you have their address in 1871 for example, do a search for the same address in 1861 or 1881. If you don’t find them immediately, look along the whole street and in streets nearby as houses were occasionally renumbered; also landlords sometimes moved tenants (which the majority of people were) to a smaller or larger property as their family size changed. This method will also help to work around indexing errors.
You might not have found the person you seek because they changed their surname. For an example look at the 1891 census for Stratton in north-east Cornwall. You should find Alfred Badcock, his wife Lydia, four children and a domestic servant living at 4 Fore Street, his occupation recorded as cordwainer [RG12/1797/14/2]. In 1901 they are living a short walk away in Bridge Street [RG13/2175/11/13] but their surname is now Saunders. The names of the eldest children make it obvious that it’s the same family; Alfred is recorded as a bootmaker and shopkeeper.
If you still can’t find the person or family you are looking for (but have found them in another census year), look at a census in which you have found them and look at the neighbouring families. If you can find the same family in the queried year they might be living near the family you seek.
There are plenty of inaccurate transcriptions in the indexes available to us, so be creative about the name variants you enter and think about the kind of error (‘Miller’ instead of ‘Millen’, for example) that might have been made.
If a member of the family you are seeking has a distinctive forename, search by forename and omit the surname. Some indexes are also searchable by occupation. | <urn:uuid:22b45444-1652-456b-a865-45f855e02f2d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://yeoonline.net/finding-people-in-censuses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506623.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924055210-20230924085210-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.975542 | 395 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Q: Why get vaccinated against the flu?
A: Influenza is a serious disease that can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Every flu season is different, and influenza infection can affect people differently. Even healthy people can get very sick from the flu and spread it to others.
Q: How do flu vaccines work?
A:Flu vaccines cause antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the viruses that are in the vaccine. The seasonal flu vaccine protects against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season.
Q: What kinds of flu vaccines are available?
A:Traditional flu vaccines (called trivalent vaccines) are made to protect against three flu viruses; an influenza A (H1 N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and an influenza B virus. In addition, this season, there are flu vaccines made to protect against four flu viruses (called "quadrivalent" vaccines). These vaccines protect against the same viruses as the trivalent vaccine as well as an additional B virus.
Q: When should I get vaccinated?
A: Flu vaccination should begin soon after vaccine becomes available, ideally by October.
Q: Does the flu vaccine work right away?
A: No. It takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body and provide protection against influenza virus infection. That's why it's better to get vaccinated now, before the flu season really gets under way.
Q:Why do I need a flu vaccine every year?
A:A flu vaccine is needed every season for two reasons. First, the body's immune response from vaccination declines over time, so an annual vaccine is needed for optimal protection. Second, because flu viruses are constantly changing, the formulation of the flu vaccine is reviewed each year and sometimes updated to keep up with changing flu viruses.
Q: Who should get vaccinated this season?
A: Everyone who is at least 6 months of age should get a flu vaccine this season. Especially important for:
- People who are at high risk of developing serious complications, like pneumonia.
- People who have certain medical conditions including asthma, diabetes, and chronic lung disease
- Pregnant women
- People younger than 5 years (and especially those younger than 2), and people 65 years and older
- People who live with or care for others who are at high risk of developing serious complications
- Household contacts and caregivers of people with infants younger than 6 months old, and those with certain medical conditions including asthma, diabetes, and chronic lung disease
- Healthcare personnel
Q: Who should not be vaccinated?
- Children younger than 6 months old
- If you are feeling ill with or without a fever
- If you have had a severe allergic reaction to the flu shot
- If you have a history of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Q: Can the flu vaccine give me the flu?
A: No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the flu vaccine is made from inactivated viruses that have been 'inactivated' and are therefore not infectious
Q: What insurance does Cannon Pharmacy accept & what is the flu vaccine copay?
A: Check with Cannon’s friendly staff to find out specific coverage details. Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage Plans have a $0 copay. Medicaid recipients must go through their doctor’s office, local health department, or pay out of pocket.
Q: Without insurance, what is the cash price?
A: $30 cash price.
Q: Does our flu shot contain preservatives?
A: No, our flu shot is preservative free.
For full details, download the Flu Shot PDF. | <urn:uuid:37b7e02a-bbce-4e8f-bd3f-24ed87623759> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://cannonpharmacies.com/pharmacy-services/flu-shots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170380.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00024-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951085 | 784 | 3.484375 | 3 |
I designed this Printing book to help my kids learn and practise their letters. All uppercase and lowercase letters are presented with a cute Troll to help show the proper way to make the letters. For each letter, there is tracing practice first, then trying it independently, but the Troll acts as a guide for both.
All uppercase letters are presented first, with a section on each page for kids to find and color the objects that begin with that letter and practise the actual printing of that letter.
For the lowercase letters, kids practise printing each letter and then draw a picture of something that begins with that letter.
Download the preview to see exactly what you will get.
Canadian teachers, I use the word colour on each page of the uppercase set, so there is an extra set of uppercase for you, at the end of this packet, with the Canadian spelling of colour. | <urn:uuid:de091f99-b985-499c-80d6-102c21e2a329> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/ConTroll-Your-Printing-Learn-to-Print-with-the-Troll-Babies-703926 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806421.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121170156-20171121190156-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.901746 | 186 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Estimates indicate that each year in the United States, there are about 400 new diagnosis of melanoma among those younger than 19 years of age. According to the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, melanoma is the most common skin cancer type occurring in children 15 to 19 years of age, accounting for about 7% of all cancers diagnosed in that age group. Luckily, most melanomas are diagnosed early and are highly treatable.
Alberto Pappo, MD, director of the solid tumor division at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, was asked in a recent interview about melanoma risk factors in children and the different types of treatment options available.
During the interview, reported in HemOnc Today, Dr. Pappo addressed issues like how typical is the diagnosis of child melanoma and which are the most updated estimates. He mentioned that the occurrence of melanoma in children is not well understood, and that it depends on how clinicians define melanoma, as the term has been used for many different disease types. He further clarified that in pediatrics, the most typical melanoma is known as spitzoid melanoma, which has a different course and requires different treatment from melanomas diagnosed in adult patients.
Dr. Pappo explained that the proportion of children at risk for melanoma is small. He further explained that children with large back moles — a rare condition known as giant congenital melanocytic nevus — have a different disease course. In these cases, within the first 10 years of life, approximately 5% of these children will develop melanoma. Dr. Pappo further noted that people who received treatments with immunosuppressants such as chemotherapy or renal transplant are more predisposed to develop nevi or moles, and consequently might be at increased risk for melanoma. “There are also genetic conditions that are associated with an increased risk for developing melanoma, but these are extremely rare. One of these is called xeroderma pigmentosum and these patients usually go on to develop carcinomas but a small number of these patients may develop melanoma,” Dr. Pappo said. Hereditary retinoblastoma survivors are also at increased risk for melanoma, he said.
Children who are diagnosed with melanoma within the first 20 years of their life share identical traits with those observed in adults with melanoma. These factors include a history of sunburns, a light complexion, freckles and red hair. However, according to Dr. Pappo, the reason as to why melanoma occurs at age of 14 and not at 40 remains unknown. “We conducted a genomic analysis of pediatric melanoma here at St. Jude (the first comprehensive genomic analysis on pediatric melanoma in the world) and we were unable to identify the exact reasons why younger patients develop melanoma. We were, however, able to confirm that if a child develops a conventional melanoma just like the one seen in adults, the genomic profile of the tumor is almost identical to that seen in adults, including evidence that ultraviolet radiation plays a role in the disease,” Dr. Pappo clarified.
When asked about the best prevention measure to be taken with children, Dr. Pappo pointed to the importance of regular sunscreen use that is of a broad spectrum (efficacious against UVA and UVB rays), water-resistant, and of at least 15 SPF. He also stated that the evidence that sunscreens above 50 SPF have more protective effects is limited. Dr. Pappo recommended that no more than two hours should go by between sunscreen applications (including water-resistant ones), and that children should not be exposed to sun between 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. For babies younger than 6 months of age, no sun at all is the best prevention measure. Even though these infants can be at the beach, they should be properly covered rather than treated with sunscreens, as exposure to the chemicals in sun blockers is not recommended for infants under 6 months.
Dr. Pappo was then questioned about the current available treatment options for children with a diagnosis of melanoma. He clarified that this depends on the type of melanoma, but if it’s a typical melanoma, clinicians follow the adult treatment guidelines. “With the study we conducted at St. Jude showing that a subset of melanomas in children are exactly the same as in adults, we believe that clinical trials should be made available for younger patients particularly adolescents. However, there are a variety of approved therapies in adults that we can apply to pediatric patients such as interferon, which we have been using at St. Jude for many years, as well as other targeted treatments such as BRAF inhibitors and immune treatments such as check point inhibitors. However, we have no direct access to new therapies being tested in adults,” Dr. Pappo said.
When asked about the clinical prognosis for children with a diagnosis of melanoma, Dr. Pappo noted that children with melanoma who received their diagnosis after the age of 10 years have a specific melanoma subset identical to the one found in adults, meaning that if the diagnosis is made at an early stage of the disease, the probability of a successful cure is high. “I would say more than 90% of children with melanoma are expected to be cured of their disease. However, prognosis is directly related to the stage of the disease, and if the melanoma has metastasized to lymph nodes or distant metastases, then the outcomes are very poor — anywhere between 10% to 50%,” he said.
In the interview, Dr. Pappo was also asked if pediatricians are vigilant for melanoma during office visits and if such checks should be integrated into well-child visits. He said that if parents spot a mole on a child, they should report its existence to the pediatrician. “The classical ABCDEs of melanoma that we see in adults are not exactly the same in children. Routine visits with physical exams are routinely recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. I emphasize discussion of preventive measures at each office visit, especially during the summer when families are going to the beach. Physicians should listen to parents. If there is a mole that the parent is concerned about that has changed in size or has had bleeding or ulceration, then listen to them and refer them to a dermatologist. In pediatrics, the vast majority of cases are identified by parents bringing up their concern to their primary care physician,” Dr. Pappo said.
According to Dr. Pappo, if melanoma is caught early, the survival probabilities are very high, reducing the risks of tumor spread and reducing the need for invasive surgery. However, if caught late, these probabilities diminish. Dr. Pappo highlighted that when a melanoma is diagnosed at the pediatrician’s office, the family should ask to know the specific type of melanoma found on the child. This is especially important in the case of a spitzoid melanoma, as the therapeutic options differ from those used to treat conventional melanoma. “At St. Jude, for example, if a spitzoid melanoma has spread to the lymph nodes, we are not being as aggressive anymore in terms of complex surgeries and giving interferon as we have in the past because we have learned that these tumors have a much more indolent and benign clinical behavior. We still do not know why this is so, but we at least know this and we are tailoring our therapies based upon the type of melanoma we are seeing. We do not treat any melanomas the same as we did 10 years ago,” Dr. Pappo concluded. | <urn:uuid:fae873a3-c8a1-4321-8667-646d4a93998d> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://melanomanewstoday.com/2015/10/15/dr-alberto-pappo-interviewed-pediatric-melanoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039604430.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210422191215-20210422221215-00094.warc.gz | en | 0.969715 | 1,592 | 3.5 | 4 |
Johann Sebastian Bach: An Introduction To His Keyboard Works: Klavier Solo
Sammelband | Noten
KOMPONIST: Johann Sebastian Bach
VERLAG: Alfred Music Publications
Bach was a forceful, original composer, whose legacy influenced almost all western music, and he was also a dedicated student of the keyboard. Always exploring new ways to share his knowledge of the instrument, and Bach worked toensure that the novice keyboardist would use the proper technique. | <urn:uuid:1687822b-28bb-4ad6-8d45-fdd2e81949cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.musicroom.de/johann-sebastian-bach-an-introduction-to-his-alf00638 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710789.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20221201021257-20221201051257-00144.warc.gz | en | 0.89767 | 111 | 2.703125 | 3 |
This is a safety question about fuel and fires. This all regards commercial aviation for large passenger planes.
Most fuel is stored in the wings, but in the largest planes, there's also a center tank for the longest flights. It's this center tank I'm concerned with. In the event of a fire, this seems to be the most dangerous tank.
I'm obviously concerned with fires in the fuselage, or very close to it. Obviously this is where all the people are and we don't want smoke or flame there, but remember also there are overhead oxygen canisters that if heated or fueled, will explode.
Jet fuel is flammable by its nature. This cannot be changed because its purpose is to combust in an internal combustion engine. So it seems the best we can do is to keep the fuel as far from the fuselage as possible, to make it unlikely that fuel will cause a fire there (initially).
Isn't there someplace we can move this center tank? Some ideas I thought of: store fuel in anti-shock bodies on the wings (or they could be just small sears-haack bodies on the wings); store fuel in the empannage; store fuel in nacelles that have a larger diameter than the engine itself, to make room for fuel.
Another exotic idea: Is it possible to engineer the wing such that the most likely structural failure will happen first near the wingtip rather than the wingroot? This would spill the fuel farther from the fuselage. (I got this idea from a really wierd Boeing 747 crash in Netherlands where one engine jumped off then fell back into the other engine, causing 2 engine losses. They said some pins were designed to fail first for a more "benign" failure, but apparently those pylon pins were engineered wrong.)
There's one more tricky caveat, though: the cross feed line to balance fuel loads in the wings. If we eliminate this line, we increase the dangerous consequences of a fuel imbalance. But, it's interesting to think of what might cause a major fuel imbalance other than a leak, in which case the cross feed valve should not be opened. I can't think of anything so I'm leaning toward the opinion that this line can be eliminated too.
EDIT: Thanks to bodargpd for pointing this out. Losing an engine in flight means the consumption rates will be hugely different. Without a cross-feed line, all that fuel in the other wing is unavailable and we may have to ditch early. So the cross-feed line is still necessary. I still say this is much less dangerous than a center fuel tank, however. It would also be nice if we engineered the cross-feed line to be weakest at the sides, so any leak will most likely be as far to the outside of the fuselage as possible.
To sum up, the basic question is, can we viably move the center tank volume of fuel somewhere outside the fuselage?
EDIT: I'm not primarily worried about fuel explosions. I'm concerned mostly about fuel leaks during hard emergency landings. I'd rather have a fuel leak out on the wing than in the fuselage. | <urn:uuid:75574d69-e2b2-4c3f-a71f-58ba516bc7a6> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/25516/can-we-eliminate-the-center-tank-of-large-passenger-planes/67548 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703495936.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210115164417-20210115194417-00687.warc.gz | en | 0.972927 | 650 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common work-related illnesses in the United States. Each year approximately 22 million U.S. workers are exposed to noise loud enough to damage their hearing. To create a more healthful workplace, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends preventing hazardous noise through controls for noise exposure and encourages business owners to create Buy Quiet programs as a first step.
What is Buy Quiet?
Buy Quiet is a prevention initiative which:
- Encourages companies to purchase or rent quieter machinery and tools to reduce worker noise exposure. This is accomplished when new businesses start up or when older equipment is replaced.
- Provides information on equipment noise levels, so companies can buy quieter products that make the workplace safer.
- Encourages manufacturers to design quieter equipment by creating a demand for quieter products.
Why Buy Quiet?
Noise-induced hearing loss can’t be reversed, but it is 100% preventable. NIOSH recommends that workers should not be exposed to noise at a level that amounts to more than 85 decibels (dBA) for 8 hours. Buy Quiet can help you stay below the recommended exposure level for noise.
Play the audio files and compare two same sized yet different circular saws cutting a 1 inch thick piece of oak board. Can you hear the difference?
There is a difference of more than 10 dBA between the two saws completing the same task. This difference equates to a greater than 90% reduction in noise energy, resulting in fewer hearing loss injuries. * Buying quiet makes a difference.
Benefits of Buy Quiet
- Reducing the risk of hearing loss.
- Reducing the long-term costs of audiometric testing, personal protective equipment, and workers compensation. Conservative estimates provide $100 per dBA of savings when purchasing the quieter product.1 This savings is applicable across a wide variety of machinery and equipment.
- Helping companies comply with OSHA and other noise regulation requirements.
- Reducing the impact of noise on the community.
Buy Quiet Topics
Notes and References
* Saw 2 is more than 10 decibels quieter than Saw 1. Even though the noise energy is reduced by more than 90%, the noise exposure still exceeds the NIOSH recommended level of 85 dBA and hearing protection should be worn while operating the saw. Buying the quieter tool significantly reduces the risk of hearing loss, but does not eliminate the hazard completely.
1 Nelson D . Adaptation of NASA buy-quiet process roadmap for construction firms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 212-2011-M-38379, 2011 Apr; :1-21. | <urn:uuid:6f4bce13-643e-4f44-8e82-53e343d478d6> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/topics/BuyQuiet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233508977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925115505-20230925145505-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.914648 | 583 | 2.75 | 3 |
(Company) develops transactional data technology that aggregates information for payment service providers and merchants. or (Company) develops a transactional data technology that ...
You're too clever a man to imagine this. The above sentence was said by George Galloway, a man of excellent rhetorical skills. Since he said it, I doubt it's wrong, grammatically. But, I wonder ...
Should I say that "Will is white" or "Will is a white" or "Will is a white person" to refer to his race? Also, is it considered acceptable to say someone is black or white in a college paper?
I heard this in a movie yesterday: That is great an option! Why didn't he say: That is a great option! How does grammar desribe such inverted phrases? Where should I use this inverted ...
It's common to say "a gentle wind", but is it OK to say "a wind"? I just noticed that there's a novel named "A Wind in the Door", in which case I guess "A" could be used here due to the modifying "in ...
Generally, one doesn't use the indefinite article with a noun because it's plural, but sometimes you get nouns where, for some reason, the indefinite article isn't used even though the noun is ... | <urn:uuid:efd48224-4a20-492c-bcde-4f21792e22de> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/indefinite-article+nouns | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1404776429391.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20140707234029-00009-ip-10-180-212-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968262 | 268 | 2.625 | 3 |
The majority of U.S. cattle producers wean calves at around 205 days of age1, or roughly seven months, and typically make the decision on weaning time based on calf age, calf weight or because ‘it’s what they’ve always done.’
But, there are certain scenarios where weaning earlier makes sense from both a cow and calf health standpoint and from an economic perspective.
There are a variety of economic benefits to implementing early weaning strategies. For the calf, we’re looking at feeding during a time in their lives when they are extremely efficient at converting feed to gain.
For the cow, we’re able to give her some forage resources that would typically go to the calf, thus allowing her to pick up condition score going into the winter months. Putting on that extra condition means we can save on some winter supplementation by not having to play nutritional catch-up.
Here are three scenarios where implementing early weaning might make sense:
1. Drought or low forage situations
One of the most common reasons for a producer to consider early weaning would be if they’re in a summer drought situation. Considering early weaning in this scenario would save some of your valuable forages for the cow.
Each day an early weaning strategy is implemented saves 10 pounds of forage for the cow. Implementing an early weaning program two to three months earlier than the industry average means that a significant amount of forage could be saved for the cow.
Those extra pounds of forage may go a long way towards increasing the condition score on the cow herd going into the winter months, as cows are likely either late in the second stage of pregnancy or early in the third stage.
Early weaning also means the nutritional requirements of the cow decrease as she no longer needs to put resources towards milk production, allowing her to shift those energy resources to gaining condition.
2. To hit your marketing window
Early weaning may help producers hit a more lucrative calf marketing time, given what the cattle markets are signaling to customers.
There are some scenarios where selling lighter calves means a higher price per hundredweight. There are also scenarios where selling calves earlier than the typical months when calves are marketed (typically mid- to late-fall) means a higher price floor.
If the marketing scenario is right, it’s always good to consider options to capitalize.
3. When stocking density is increased
A reason to wean early that’s becoming more prevalent is land cost, and subsequently increased stocking density. Some cattle producers today are trying to run more cows on the same acreage to potentially increase profit.
More cows on the same acreage means that the forage resources are limited, and that both cows and calves could potentially be shortchanged on nutrients.
If we’re short on forage, either quantity or quality-wise, it’s often a good plan to start calves on a higher plane of nutrition by going ahead and weaning them.
With any of these three scenarios, it’s critical to get early-weaned calves on a quality nutrition program.
These early weaned calves can’t hold a lot of feed because of their small rumen size. At the same time, the calf’s requirements per pound of body weight are quite high. You need a high-quality, nutrient dense, complete feed
to get them off to the best start.
Does your nutrition program stack up? Find out with a Proof Pays
1USDA. 2008. Beef 2007-08, Part I: Reference of Beef Cow-calf Management
Practices in the United States, 2007-08. USDA-APHIS-VS, CEAH. Fort Collins, CO #N512-1008 | <urn:uuid:2bf96ccc-a257-461f-92ac-96faf45aa296> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.purinamills.com/cattle-feed/education/detail/three-reasons-for-weaning-calves-early | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704843561.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210128102756-20210128132756-00164.warc.gz | en | 0.945311 | 784 | 2.75 | 3 |
O'siyo, Welcome to my Lodge, come, come in and have a seat and we will pass the pipe as friends and then I will tell you a story of our Ancestors and thru this story you may learn of our ways and our culture. These Legends are of our life and tell us how to live with all life in this our world, and Id like to share these with you. This month I will tell you of how the Birds won the ballgame.
The Ballgame Between the Animals and the Birds
A story of the Cherokee People of Oklahoma, North Carolina, and Georgia
Once the Animal People challenged the Bird People to a ballgame. The animals expected to win with no problems.
Bear was the captain of the animals' team. "Of course we'll win," roared Bear. "I'm stronger and heavier than any other animal." It was agreed that Bear could stop anyone that got in his way. And Deer? Deer could outrun all the other animals. And Terrapin was at that time the great, original terrapin, not the puny thing we have now. So of course the animals would beat those silly birds!
The Birds had, of course, elected Eagle as their captain. They also had the skills of the great, mythical Hawk. The birds had met to plan their strategy-they were a little afraid of all the animals, who were so large and strong. But, when the meeting was ready to begin, along came two tiny things that looked a little like field mice.
"Please," said the little creatures, "can we join your team?"
"You belong with the animals, don't you?" said Eagle.
"They laughed at us and drove us away," said the smaller, furry creature. "We want to be birds. Let us help you." Eagle felt so sorry for them that he agreed to let them play as birds.
"You need wings. We'll make you some," said Eagle. The birds decided to use the head of the drum that they used for their dances. The drumhead was made of badger skin, so they began to cut off pieces of it and attach it to the smaller creature's front legs. This is the way the birds created Bat.
Unfortunately, this used all of the drumhead leather. There was none left to make wings for the creature that looked like a tiny ground squirrel.
"Let's stretch the skin he has , said Bluebird. This sounded like a good plan, so Eagle and Red-tailed Hawk pulled from opposite sides, helped by the smaller birds. When they were done, the birds had created Flying Squirrel.
Flying Squirrel and Bat were very grateful. 'You'll see! We can help you win."
The animals and birds met on the plain by the river. The ballgame would be won by whoever first hit the ball against the poles at opposite ends of the playing field that were the goals of the birds and the beasts.
The great ballgame was very close. The animals were shocked to see what strong fliers Bat and Flying Squirrel were. The small animals who were too young to play stood at the side of the ball field and began to chant, "Beasts over Birds! Beasts over Birds!"
The hummingbirds began to lead their own chant, 'Birds over Beasts! Birds over Beasts!"
Finally, Flying Squirrel caught the ball, carried it up a tree, and then threw it to Blue Jay who flew with it high enough that the animals couldn't reach it. Then Blue Jay dropped it, and Bear rushed to try to take it away. But Bat swooped very near the ground, took the ball, and dodged and doubled so fast that even Deer couldn't catch him. He threw the ball against the pole decorated with feathers and won the game for the birds.
This piece of Cherokee Lore came from the book "Race with Buffalo" ISBN 0-87483-342-6
For this Year I ask everyone to make prayers for World Peace and Kindness for all Living things on our Mother, The Earth. I ask all Pipe Carriers to make smoke with me in prayer also for Leonard Pletier and others like him who have been imprisoned unjustly. And here is the story of how I got my Pipe
News about Leonard Peltier case and to view his art work....click here for details!!!
Monthly Lores For 1996
December ++ How Buzzard Got His Clothing (Seneca)
November ++ The Seven Star Brothers (Seneca)
October ++ How Turtle's Back was Cracked (Cherokee)
September ++ Blue Corn Maiden and the Coming of Winter (Pueblo)
August ++ The Ballgame Between the Animals and the Birds (Cherokee)
July ++ Hero with the Horned Snakes (Cherokee)
June ++ The Hunting of the Great Bear (origin unknown)
May ++ The Boy Who Lived With the Bears (origin unknown)
April ++ The Morning Star (Sioux)
March ++ Daughter of the Sun (Cherokee)
Febuary ++ 1. Legend of the Flute (Brule Sioux) 2. Why Mole Lives Underground (Cherokee) 3.The Legend of Multnomah Falls (Multnoinah)
January ++ Earth Making (Cherokee)
Quotes from a Native Past |Many Quotes|Chief Seattle|Chief Joseph|
Lore Index of over 150 Lores
|| More Pages of Native American Lore ||
send a E-letter,and Let me know if you like this website
©1996 by StoneE Producktions __________________ All Sponsorship Welcomed | <urn:uuid:c15e00bb-e85f-40a5-b64c-968a3584a306> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/896myths.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211664.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817025907-20180817045907-00649.warc.gz | en | 0.969483 | 1,159 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Develop your writing
Your written assignments may include reports, short answers and essays, each with their own organisation and layout. You may also have to write an examination under timed conditions. The ability to write in clear, well-structured English can make a big difference to your assignment and exam marks.
For many subjects you will need to show that you can
- structure an essay so that it has a clear beginning, middle and end (i.e. introduction, body and conclusion)
- draw information and evidence from your course materials and other sources
- write in your own words, using the vocabulary and expressions relevant to your subject
- link your ideas in a logical way
- produce sentences in grammatical English with accurate spelling so that your meaning is clear.
A checklist for academic writing
When you produce a piece of academic writing, it's helpful to think about 4 key areas:
- Use of source material - have you selected and evaluated the relevant information?
- Structure of the text - have you organised your response in an appropriate way?
- Academic writing style - have you used language that's appropriate to your audience and your assignment task?
- Grammar, spelling and punctuation - have you checked these to ensure that your work is well-presented?
These four areas can form the basis of a practical tool to help you develop your academic writing. It is a checklist that has been adapted from a framework called MASUS (Measuring Academic Skills of University Students) developed at the University of Sydney.
As you go through the rest of these pages, you will explore these four areas of the checklist in more detail. The actvity below, from the University of Southampton, gives you some ideas of what you need to think about when revising your writing.
The Open University (OU) is the largest academic institution in the UK and a world leader in flexible distance learning.
Since it began in 1969, the OU has taught more than 1.8 million students and has almost 220,000 current students, including more than 15,000 overseas. The Open University is rated one of the best in the UK for student satisfaction in the National Student Survey. The OU is one of only four UK universities to have consistently achieved more than 90% in the survey’s history. Over 70% of students are in full-time or part-time employment, and four out of five FTSE 100 companies have sponsored staff to take OU courses.
The UK’s latest Research Excellence Framework exercise (REF 2014) places The Open University in the top third of UK higher education institutions by ‘research power’ ranking. 72% of OU research submitted was assessed as world-leading or internationally excellent.
Regarded as Britain’s major e-learning institution, the OU is a world leader in developing technology to increase access to education on a global scale. Its vast ‘open content portfolio’ includes free study units on OpenLearn, which has had more than 26.7 million visits, and materials on iTunes U, which has recorded more than 60 million downloads. The OU has a 41 year partnership with the BBC which has moved from late-night lectures in the 1970s to prime-time programmes such as Frozen Planet, Bang Goes the Theory, James May’s Big Ideas and The Money Programme.
All Open University Science courses presented on FutureLearn are produced with the kind support of Dangoor Education. | <urn:uuid:a31dd3ce-e348-4772-b355-405086827f00> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://hueluh.borec.cz/186-open-university-start-writing-essays.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156192.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919102700-20180919122700-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.955665 | 702 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Use: Holsteins are one of the largest dairy breeds; they’re large not only in size but in milk production. The average Holstein in a commercial dairy produces 24,000 pounds of milk per year with 2.5 to 3 percent butterfat—that’s about 10 gallons of milk per day. Of the over 9 million cows regularly milked in the United States, about 90 percent are Holsteins.
History: Holsteins, to most Americans, are the quintessential dairy cow. From advertising to country kitsch decorating, these large, black-and-white cows symbolize country life. The breed, which originated in the Netherlands and was first imported to the United States in the mid-19th century, is also recognized in a rare red-and-white variety.
Conformation: Holsteins are the largest of the dairy breeds, with a mature cow weighing around 1,500 pounds and standing almost six feet tall at her withers.
Special Considerations/Notes: Holstein heifers can be bred at 13 months of age, when they weigh about 800 pounds–but it’s desireable that Holstein females calve for the first time between 23 and 26 months of age. Holstein gestation is approximately nine months.While some cows may live considerably longer, the average productive life of a Holstein is 3 to 4 years. The breed’s current popularity is derived from the cow’s production capability and the fact that she stands up reasonably well to the confinement system used in large-scale, industrial dairies. | <urn:uuid:513b87cd-ea38-4fd3-9bb3-a78758b754b2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hobbyfarms.com/holstein/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.946701 | 327 | 3.375 | 3 |
A drop fell on the apple tree,
Another on the roof;
A half a dozen kissed the eaves,
And made the gables laugh.
A few went out to help the brook,
That went to help the sea.
Myself conjectured, Were they pearls,
What necklaces could be!
The dust replaced in hoisted roads,
The birds jocoser sung;
The sunshine threw his hat away,
The orchards spangles hung.
The breezes brought dejected lutes,
And bathed them in the glee;
The East put out a single flag,
And signed the fete away.
This poem is in the public domain.
|Purchase a framed print of this poem.
Emily Dickinson (1830 – 1886) is considered a major American poet, though she was not accorded this honor until well after her death, when her younger sister discovered and began to share the enormous body of work that Emily left behind. A recluse who almost always wore white, Emily was born to a prominent Massachusetts family and spent the bulk of her life inside her home in Amherst. Only seven of her poems were published during her lifetime, and virtually none were published as originally written until the mid 1950s. (Emily’s odd punctuation, capitalization, and formatting did not meet with standard publishing “approval” for earlier editions.) There is a whimsical nature to many of her poems, although the subject of death was the most frequent recurring theme.
There are no comments for this poem yet. | <urn:uuid:e504f85d-8c89-4175-8f3d-80d0e135baac> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://www.yourdailypoem.com/listpoem.jsp?poem_id=392 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944851.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421012725-20180421032725-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.974934 | 329 | 3.21875 | 3 |
In "The Catcher in the Rye" by J. D. Salinger, there are two topics that, in my opinion, are metaphors.
The first topic is the one of the ducks in the pond and where they go in winter. Looking on the web, it seems that there is some consensus on considering the ducks as an alter ego for Holden and its problems with his adolescence.
The second one, is the figure of the catcher in the rye. In this Wikipedia page, it says that:
This "catcher in the rye" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children attributes that he struggles to find in adults, like innocence, kindness, spontaneity, and generosity. Falling off the cliff could be a progression into the adult world that surrounds him and that he strongly criticizes. Later, Phoebe and Holden exchange roles as the "catcher" and the "fallen"; he gives her his hunting hat, the catcher's symbol, and becomes the fallen as Phoebe becomes the catcher.
I have my own interpretations of these two topics.
In my opinion (just as a reader, since my education background is in STEM), the ducks are all the boys and girls, like Holden, that have a particular sensitivity and predisposition for investigating and questioning the world around them. For them, it is more difficult to accept the adult's world when they are growing up (in the metaphor, to remain in the pond when the winter is coming). From this comes the question that Holden cannot solve: how can these particularly sensitive individuals survive to adolescence? When he asks to the taxi driver, the only answer he receives is about fishes. Obviously, fishes are different from ducks and they can survive the whole winter in the frozen pond. In this metaphor, fishes are like those children that seem to be better dealing with the problem of growing up because they do not question themselves about the adult's world: they accept it as it is without raising any problem, since for them it is totally natural. Moreover, during the night that Holden spend in the park, he looks for other ducks in the grass near the pond (therefore, just outside the society where other human beings live). He does not find any duck, he only risks to hurt himself falling in the pond. In my opinion, this means that individuals with this particular sensitivity are completely isolated from the society, for them it is hard to find people similar to them. Therefore, society seems to not understand the problem since it is not a common problem.
Again, my interpretation of the catcher is different from the proposed one. In my opinion, the cliff at the end of the field represents the possibility of mental illness during adolescence. Children are playing in the field during the childhood, but growing up they can have to face problems that can put at risk their own life. In this case, the catcher is not somebody that prevents the children from growing, but it is a person (maybe an adult?) that is fundamental in the development of the adolescent for surviving a period of struggle.
The question are: are these interpretations consistent with the whole novel? Is there an "official" interpretation? Is it different from mine and, if yes, how and why? | <urn:uuid:8a97daad-b756-4b37-8e39-289bfd5945c4> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://literature.stackexchange.com/questions/8401/interpretation-of-the-catcher-in-the-rye-by-j-d-salinger/11770 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738960.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200813043927-20200813073927-00389.warc.gz | en | 0.973095 | 656 | 2.8125 | 3 |
10 Bridges Built By The Ancients That Are Still In Use Today
When we think of buildings that have survived to the modern day, we think of structures such as the Colosseum, the Leaning Tower of Piza, and the pyramids. But what about structures that are still in use—their original use—to this day?
While most ancient structures have gained a second life as tourist attractions, the humble bridge has often maintained its original use throughout the ages. Due to being built to last, there are many bridges out there that were built hundreds of years before our time and still see daily use. While old bridges often get destroyed in disasters, blown up in wars, or burned down in tragic accidents, the bridges in this list have survived the ages relatively unchanged.
The Romans built many things that stood the test of time. With their rigid and effective building techniques, a few important constructions built during the Roman era still stand to this day. If you’re in the mood to inspect their handiwork for yourself, simply take a trip to Rome and visit the Pons Fabricius bridge.
The bridge was built by Lucius Fabricius in 62 BC, possibly to replace a wooden bridge that had burned down. You can tell Lucius commanded its construction because he had it written on the bridge in four different spots.
After a flood in 23 BC, two consuls known as Marcus Lollius and Quintus Aemilius Lepidus added adjustments in 21 BC in order to help preserve the bridge, although it’s not stated what the improvements were exactly. It might have been the addition of the small arch on the bridge which serves the purpose of relieving pressure during high waters. That alone probably helped the bridge survive as long as it has.
Built in 1345, the Ponte Vecchio can be found in Florence, Italy. It was built to replace a wooden bridge that didn’t stand up too well against floods, and it still remains in its original glory.
The interesting part of Ponte Vecchio (which translates into “Old Bridge”) is that it was built to contain an arcade of shops which is being used even today. The bridge used to be haunted by fishmongers and butchers in the 1400s, whose crafts caused the bridge to contain a foul odor. Given that Florence was becoming the hub of the Renaissance at the time, Grand Duke Ferdinand I had the merchants removed and the sale of fish and meat products on the bridge banned. He ordained that the only people who could sell on the bridge were goldsmiths and silversmiths, which helped develop Florence’s imagery to wealthy foreign visitors.
This bridge wouldn’t have made it to the modern day if it wasn’t for an act of respect performed during wartime. In World War II, as the German soldiers fled Florence, they blew up every bridge they crossed to stall enemy forces. Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge spared—they chose instead to destroy the access to the bridge, rather than the bridge itself.
8Ponte Di Rialto
An Italian bridge was constructed in 1591 to replace a wooden one that had collapsed. It was designed by one Antonio da Ponte, who had some stiff competition to design the bridge, with rivals being Michelangelo and Palladio. Unfortunately, once it was built, it didn’t go down so well with the locals. It received both praise and scorn from critics, who slammed its design for being “top-heavy and ungraceful,” the same attention the Eiffel Tower drew after it was built.
Despite the criticism, the bridge has remained very much intact since it was built. Given it had to have a 7-meter (24 ft) arch to allow galleys below as well as enough strength to hold up the row of shops that spans its center, it had to be structurally sound. It’s so sound, in fact, that cannons were fired from it during riots in 1797.
Built in 1667 on the foundations of an older bridge, this bridge’s construction was ordered by the late Shah Abbas II. Being a bridge, its main purpose was to allow people to cross the Zayandeh River, but it also has other uses. It acts as a dam and has sluice gates, yet its most interesting use is the social aspect.
While we’re unfamiliar with a bridge being the place to be used for social hangouts, that didn’t stop Shah Abbas II from trying. Along the bridge—and still visible to this day— is an impressive array of paintings and tile work. A pavilion was constructed in the middle so that Shah Abbas II and his courtiers could look over the scenery. These days, the pavilion is a teahouse and art gallery. If that’s not enough, within the pavilion was a stone seat which the Shah Abbas used to look over the river. The seat is still around but very much a remnant of its former glory.
Also known as the “Bridge of Sighs” (not the one in Venice), Shaharah Bridge can be found in Yemen. Built in the 17th century, Shaharah Bridge is a path that spans a 200-meter-deep (650 ft) canyon in order to connect two mountains, Jabal al Emir and Jabal al Faish. It was a lot of trouble for the inhabitants of both mountains to visit one another, as it meant climbing down one mountain and scaling another. The bridge was made to better connect the villages on both mountains to save time and effort.
It wasn’t just a hot spot for transportation. Given that it was the only entrance to the town of Shaharah, it had to be fortified to help fend off Turkish invaders. It is said that the locals know how to destroy the bridge at a moment’s notice, isolating the villagers from danger.
These days, Shaharah Bridge is a major tourist attraction, and it still receives its intended use by the locals as a functioning bridge.
Also known as Severan Bridge, this was built in Turkey during the second century by four Kommagenean cities. Its intent was to honor the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, his wife Julia, and their two sons, Caracalla and Geta. While very old, it also holds the title for the second longest arched bridge built by The Romans.
On each side, there are two columns that were built to represent the members of the emperor’s family—Severus and Julia on one side and Caracalla and Geta on the other. If you go to look at them for yourself, you’ll notice the column that represents Geta is currently missing. This is because Caracalla assassinated Geta due to an ongoing rivalry, with reports saying that Geta was in his mother’s arms at the time. Caracalla went so far as to have Geta’s friends and allies put to death. For a final blow to Geta’s legacy, Caracalla ordained that any mention of Geta’s name should be erased from history, and the column representing Geta was destroyed.
Also known as Zhaozhou Bridge, Anji Bridge is the oldest bridge in China, built in AD 605. You can tell it was designed to last, as its name translates to “Safe Crossing Bridge.” It was engineered to be one of the best in the world. At the time, it was the most technically advanced bridge due to having the largest arc. Long after its construction, the bridge was winning awards; it was praised as the 12th milestone of international civil engineering by the American Society of Civil Engineers and awarded a bronze monument.
Given that it’s still solid enough to cross, it’s obvious that the Anji Bridge, while very ambitious, didn’t cut any corners in its design. In fact, the bridge has stood up to even more than the test of time. It has managed to survive 10 floods, eight wars, and countless earthquakes, while only requiring repair work nine times in its documented lifespan.
Ordered to be constructed by Emperor Hadrian in AD 136, Ponte Sant’Angelo (Bridge of the Holy Angel) is one of the most famous bridges in Rome . . . and one of the most beautiful. It was a slightly self-indulgent act of Hadrian, as the goal of the bridge was to connect the whole of Rome to his own mausoleum, the Castel Sant’Angelo (Castle of the Holy Angel). They’re both labeled under the suffix “of the Holy Angel” due to the statue of the archangel Michael on the top of the mausoleum itself. The angel was said to have appeared in 590 BC on top of the same building and miraculously ended the plague in Rome.
One of the more beautiful additions to the bridge happened long after Hadrian was around to see it for himself. In 1668, sculptor Lorenzo Bernini enhanced the bridge by designing 10 angels to adorn its length, two of which he made himself. Each angel holds a symbol that represents the crucifixion of Jesus, such as a crown of thorns or a whip. Even after all these years, both the bridge and the angels still stand, making it a great sightseeing spot.
Found in Exmoor, the Tarr Steps is what’s known as a clapper bridge—a bridge made entirely out of rocks resting atop one another. Given its construction, it’s hard to tell when it was built, although guesses range from 3000 BC to medieval times. The earliest documented description of Tarr Steps was in Tudor times, which means it dates at least to the 1500s.
Tarr Steps has a local legend that states that it was built by the Devil himself, who swore to kill anyone that dared to cross it. When the villagers sent across a cat to test the theory, the cat was vaporized. Then they sent across a vicar (who was probably worried about receiving the same fate as the cat) to meet with the Devil at the halfway point of the bridge. After he and the Devil had an argument, the Devil struck a deal: Anyone could use the bridge, but if the Devil wanted to use the area for sunbathing, the ban would resume. If you want to walk the Tarr Steps yourself, make sure there aren’t any sunbathing demons before you try.
Unfortunately, the Tarr Steps is a slight exception to the trend of bridges that have stayed mostly intact throughout the ages. Given that a pile of rocks doesn’t have the best of foundations, segments have been bowled over by floods through the course of history. For this reason, all the stones have been numbered so they can be recovered and placed back where they belong to keep the authenticity intact. Even though it’s been put back together several times, it’s still technically the same bridge.
The Arkadiko Bridge in Greece is the oldest surviving arch bridge still in use. It’s believed to have been built during the Greek Bronze Age, around 1300–1200 BC, meaning it has gone through a lot to make it to today.
It acted as part of a military road system between the cities Tiryns and Epidauros back in Mycenaean times. It has a wider berth than a normal footbridge, with a road width of around 2.5 meters (8 ft). Historians believe that this additional width was designed so that the bridge could handle chariots. What makes it even more impressive is that it’s made purely from limestone boulders, using no binding agent between the stones to keep the bridge intact. That means the bridge has lasted over three millennia from Mycenaean masonry skills alone and has survived it all.
S.E. Batt is a freelance writer and author. He enjoys a good keyboard, cats, and tea, even though the three of them never blend well together. You can follow his antics over at @Simon_Batt or his fiction website at www.sebatt.com. | <urn:uuid:67213536-846f-4bee-bd48-bf15d743eea1> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://listverse.com/2016/04/16/10-bridges-built-by-the-ancients-that-are-still-in-use-today/?utm_source=more&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=direct | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250606975.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122101729-20200122130729-00387.warc.gz | en | 0.981717 | 2,529 | 3.03125 | 3 |
APRENDE Y PRACTICA INGLÉS
5 Simple exercises to practice English everyday
Andrea Carriero, EFL Teacher, Uruguay
16 Octubre 2017
Once you have decided to study and learn English, the first thing you have to do is PRACTICE. If you are taking lessons in an institute or with a personal English instructor, the key is to practice at least half an hour by yourself every single day.
For the majority of the English learners, the biggest problem is that they don’t know how to practice English at home, especially when their environment such as work, family, and friends, is always in Spanish. That is why the first thing that you have to do is keep yourself motivated to learn English every day.
The idea of this article is to show you how to enjoy practicing English and how to include English in your hobbies and lifestyle. Remember that “Practice makes perfect” and perfection should be your goal.
- Create your own English-Spanish dictionary
Every time that you spend in your English class, studying grammar, making exercises and listening to audios, you are always learning new words and vocabulary. That is why it is extremely important to write down every single word that you learn.
If you write the new word and the translation into Spanish your brain will remember the word more easily. Try to pick a nice and small notebook and establish the following goal: study 5 words per day and write one sentence with each one. By the end of the week try to say out loud all the words that you have learned.
- Choose your English topic for the week
Each person has a topic that they are passionate about so it doesn’t matter if yours is politics, travel, animals, sports, movies, health or cuisine. The thing is to choose one and read about it in English during the week.
Try to create a schedule like this one:
Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday: read at least one article, essay or blog about your topic. If you are starting to learn English, try to read short paragraphs. And if you are in a more advanced level, read a complete article.
Thursday: choose one of the articles that you have read and underline all the new words that you can find. Write them down in your notebook and find their meaning in the dictionary.
Friday: Depending on your level, try to write a short summary in English about the article.
- Watch your favorite TV show in English
There isn’t a better way to learn English than using your favorite TV shows or movies. Try to watch them in English with Spanish subtitles; this will help you to develop your listening skills.
Then do the opposite. Watch it in Spanish with English subtitles paying attention to the word formation, sentence structure, and grammar. The idea is to include English in your daily activities and hobbies.
We recommend you to start watching “How I Met Your Mother” a famous American TV show that is very easy to understand for English learners and also will allow you to learn more about the American society and New York English culture.
- Do vocabulary exercises
We recommend you to use the page of the British Council for English learners http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/vocabulary-exercises. On this page, you will find many vocabulary exercises and practices that will help you to improve your vocabulary in relation to room objects, accessories, animals, travel, body parts, daily routine, health, food, sports, hotels, jobs, places, and weather among many others.
The first problem that you will have when you are starting to learn a new language is not having enough words to express your thoughts and ideas so don’t worry and try to study one vocabulary exercise per week.
- Prepare a weekly summary
If the words “weekly summary” sounds confusing to you, let me explain the idea. Imagine your week and all the things that you have learned with the exercises in your English class, all the new grammar content and your own vocabulary and reading practices, do you think that you can remember all those things perfectly? Of course not.
That is why I recommend you to create a weekly summary of all the things that you have learned so far. The goal is to write the most important things on your notebook and before your English class try to read them in order to have all the content on your mind.
Prepare your weekly summary each Sunday and start your week with a perfect English practice!
Suscríbete a mi blog y déjame tus comentarios. | <urn:uuid:9793a66c-237e-4fe6-b1a9-ac624384e6ff> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.canadian.com.uy/5-simple-exercises-to-practice-english-everyday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107882103.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201024080855-20201024110855-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.945745 | 955 | 3.15625 | 3 |
In its verb form the Hebrew root tirgem means both "to explain" and "to translate." The nominal form means "translation." Although technically it can apply to translation into and from any language, the word is employed in rabbinical literature almost exclusively for Aramaic biblical text, both the Aramaic translation of the Bible's Hebrew (cf. Meg. 3a) and the originally Aramaic portions, including individual words (e.g., Gen 31.47; cf. Shab. 115a; Yad. 4:5). The Targum, i.e., the Aramaic translation par excellence, is the Targum *Onkelos, which was regarded as so authoritative that worshipers were enjoined to read the weekly portion privately "twice in the original and once in the Targum" (Ber. 8a), a custom which is still maintained in orthodox circles. To such an extent was "targum" regarded as synonymous with Aramaic that the Kurdistani Jews, who speak Aramaic, refer to their language as "Targum."
For the language, see *Aramaic; for the Aramaic Bible translations, see *Bible, Translations.
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:a1d52eaf-d8bf-4b2b-a473-dd4a05955827> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0019_0_19597.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267075.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00361-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947066 | 262 | 3.0625 | 3 |
How do GMOs benefit corn and soybean productivity and efficiency? First, GMO corn and soybean plants commonly have traits that help combat disease or insects, which helps us to use a minimal amount of pesticides (used to kill insects, similar to how you might use a mosquito repellent or a fly spray in the summer time) on our crops. Besides using less pesticides, GMOs are a more efficient plant that use less land and water, due to traits in the plant that help with drought or root growth. One of the largest benefits of GMOs is that herbicide-tolerant (aka weed killer resistant) crops allow us to control weeds better, which ultimately allows our crops to grow better and thrive. And in the end, GMOs have higher yields because the traits it has been bred for have helped eliminate all of these yield-hampering issues.
|Here I am eating GMO sweet corn at this year's|
Farm Progress Show
Did you know, that GMOs make up approximately 70-80% of the foods we eat? Many common food and beverage ingredients, such as corn, soybeans and sugar beets, are commonly GMOs. So if you look at the food label on the next food you eat, you most commonly will find at least one of these three ingredients listed.
Do you have any questions on GMOs? I'd love to answer your questions. Remember to Comment for a Cause!
(This post is a part of a 31 Days from a Tractor Seat series. The best way to keep up with this series is to follow via email on the right sidebar of this post and by liking the Corn, Beans, Pigs and Kids Facebook page.) | <urn:uuid:43948494-e01f-4b2e-a1f1-96ae88fb1236> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.cornbeanspigskids.com/2014/10/why-we-choose-to-raise-gmos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948623785.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218200208-20171218222208-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.946077 | 337 | 2.828125 | 3 |
13 Nov Saint Didacus, Confessor
Today is the feast day of Saint Didacus. Ora pro nobis.
Saint Didacus (or Diego) was born in Andalusia in Spain, towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. He was remarkable from childhood for his love of solitude, and for conversations concerning holy things. When still young he retired to live with a hermit not far from his village, where he spent several years in vigils, fasting, and manual work. Like the Fathers of the desert, he made baskets and other objects with willow branches and gave them to those who brought alms to the two hermits. (3)
from the Liturgical Year, 1901
“A Humble lay-brother, Didacus of St. Nicholas, is welcomed today by his father St. Francis into the company of Bernardine of Siena and John Capistran, who preceded him by a few years to heaven. The two latter left Italy and the whole of Europe still echoing with their voices, the one making peace between cities in the name of the Lord Jesus, the other urging on the Christian hosts to battle with the victorious Crescent. The age which they contributed so powerfully to save from the results of the great schism and to restore to its Christian destinies, knew little of Didacus but his unbounded charity. It was the year of the great Jubilee, 1450. Rome having become once more, practically as well as theoretically, the holy city in the eyes of the nations, not even the most terrible scourges could keep her children at a distance. From every quarter of the globe, crowds, urged by the evils of the time, flocked to the sources of salvation ; and Satan's work of ruin was retarded by seventy years.
Men doubtless attributed but a very small share of such results to the humble brother, who was spending himself in the Ara-Caeli, in the service of the plague-stricken; especially they compared him with his brethren, the great Franciscan apostles. And yet the Church pays to Didacus today the very same honours as we have seen her pay to Bernardine and John Capistran. What is this but asserting that before God heroic acts of hidden virtue are not inferior to the noble deeds that dazzle the world, if, proceeding from the same ardent love, they produce in the soul the same increase of divine charity.
The Pontificate of Nicholas V., which witnessed the imposing concourse of people to the tombs of the Apostles in 1450, was also, and still is, justly admired for the new impetus given to the culture of letters and the arts in Rome; for it belongs to the Church to adorn herself, for the honour of her Spouse, with all that men rightly deem great and beautiful. Nevertheless, who is there now of all the humanists, as the learned men of that age were called, who would not prefer the glory of the poor, unlettered Friar Minor, to that which vainly held out to them the hope of immortality? In the fifteenth century, as at all other times, God chose the foolish and the weak to confound the wise and the strong. The Gospel is always in the right.
Let us read the luminous life of this unlearned man, as given in the book of holy Church.
Didacus was a Spaniard, born at the little town of St. Nicholas de Porto in the diocese of Seville. From his early youth he began the practice of a perfect life, under the guidance of a pious priest in a solitary church. Then, in order to bind himself more closely to God, he made profession of the rule of St. Francis, in the convent of the Observantine Friars Minor at Arizzafa. There he bore the yoke of humble obedience and regular observance with great alacrity; and devoted himself especially to contemplation, in which he received wonderful lights from God, so that, illiterate as he was, he spoke of heavenly things in an admirable manner, evidently by a divine gift.
He was sent to the Canary Isles to govern the brethren of his Order; and there he had much to suffer. He was burning with the desire of martyrdom; and by his words and example, he converted many infidels to the faith of Christ. Coming to Rome in the Jubilee year, in the pontificate of Nicholas V., he was entrusted with the care of the sick in the convent of Ara Caeli. With such loving charity did he acquit himself of this duty, that the sick wanted for nothing even during a famine in the city; he also sometimes cleansed their ulcers by sucking them. He was remarkable for his great faith and his gift of healing; for by signing the cross upon the sick with oil from a lamp burning before an image of the Mother of God, to whom he had the greatest devotion, he miraculously cured many of them.
At length, when at Alcala, he understood that the end of his life was at hand. Clad in an old torn tunic, with his eyes fixed on the cross, he devoutly pronounced these words of the sacred hymn: O sweet wood, sweet are thy nails, and sweet thy burden; thou wast worthy to bear the King and Lord of heaven! He then gave up his soul to God, on the day before the Ides of November, in the year of our Lord 1463. His body was left unburied for several months, in order to satisfy the pious devotion of the numbers who came to see it; and, as though already clothed with immortality, it exhaled a sweet odor. He was renowned for many striking miracles, and was enrolled among the Saints by Pope Sixtus V.”
Image: Didacus of Alcalá, artist: Francisco de Zurbaran, circa 1651-1653
Research by Ed Masters, REGINA Staff | <urn:uuid:76f13bd4-c819-4119-b9d6-9a057e4eb876> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://reginamag.com/saint-didacus-confessor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590329.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718193656-20180718213656-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.97303 | 1,224 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Treasury of Scripture
The wise man's eyes are in his head; but the fool walks in darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happens to them all.
Ecclesiastes 8:1 Who is as the wise man? and who knows the interpretation of a thing? a man's wisdom makes his face to shine...
Ecclesiastes 10:2,3 A wise man's heart is at his right hand; but a fool's heart at his left...
Proverbs 14:8 The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly of fools is deceit.
Proverbs 17:24 Wisdom is before him that has understanding; but the eyes of a fool are in the ends of the earth.
1 John 2:11 But he that hates his brother is in darkness, and walks in darkness, and knows not where he goes...
Ecclesiastes 9:1-3,11,16 For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works...
Psalm 19:10 More to be desired are they than gold, yes, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.
Psalm 49:10 For he sees that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others.
Strong's ConcordanceThe wise man's eyes [are] in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happeneth to them all.
Topical BibleBefalls Dark Darkness Darkness-and Event Fate Fool Foolish Goes Happeneth Happens Man's Myself Overtakes Perceived Realize Walketh Walking Walks Wise Yet
Ecclesiastes Chapter 2 Verse 14
Alphabetical: And are befalls both but came darkness eyes fate fool has head his I in know man man's one overtakes realize same that The them to walks while wise yet
OT Poetry: Ecclesiastes 2:14 The wise man's eyes are in his (Ecclesiast. Ec Ecc Eccles.) | <urn:uuid:ca5e1c4c-b667-4e43-b599-88e616f78025> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://bibleapps.com/ecclesiastes/2-14.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997895170.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025815-00061-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962234 | 444 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The initial deadline for comments on this topic is 28 April 2014, and therefore later than for most other topics currently under discussion.
This is part of a consultation on the Red List implications of extensive changes to BirdLife’s taxonomy for non-passerines
Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International will soon publish the HBW-BirdLife Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, building off the Handbook of the Birds of the World series, and BirdLife’s annually updated taxonomic checklist.
The new Checklist will be based on the application of criteria for recognising species limits described by Tobias et al. (2010). Full details of the specific scores and the basis of these for each new taxonomic revision will be provided in the Checklist.
Following publication, an open and transparent mechanism will be established to allow people to comment on the taxonomic revisions or suggest new ones, and provide new information of relevance in order to inform regular updates. We are also actively seeking input via a discussion topic here regarding some potential taxonomic revisions that currently lack sufficient information.
The new Checklist will form the taxonomic basis of BirdLife’s assessments of the status of the world’s birds for the IUCN Red List. The taxonomic changes that will appear in volume 1 of the checklist (for non-passerines) will begin to be incorporated into the 2014 Red List update, with the remainder, and those for passerines (which will appear in volume 2 of the checklist), to be incorporated into subsequent Red List updates.
Preliminary Red List assessments have been carried out for the newly split or lumped taxa. We are now requesting comments and feedback on these preliminary assessments.
The recently described taxon Capito fitzpatricki (Seeholzer et al. 2012) is being recognised as a species by BirdLife, following the application of criteria set out by Tobias et al. (2010).
This species is known from at least 10 specimens from at least three localities within a 30-km stretch of the Cerro del Sira, Peru, with all localities being on the crests of ridges that descend east into the lowlands from the main spine of the mountains (Seeholzer et al. 2012). It is thought likely that the species occurs in montane forest along the length of the east slope of the southern Sira, and possibly also on the west slope. The confirmed elevation range of the species is 950-1,250 m, although it may range further upslope to under 1,700 m (Seeholzer et al. 2012).
The species occurs on the boundary and within the Sira Communal Reserve, which, along with the topography and lack of infrastructure in the area, provides some protection (Seeholzer et al. 2012). However, mining, logging and oil exploration are active in the region and threaten montane forest, with projected climate change also a potential threat to this species (Seeholzer et al. 2012).
Seeholzer et al. (2012) suggest that the species be considered for listing as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, although they do not cite under which criteria they advise this, but estimate the species’s total range at 300-700 km2. Mapping of the species’s range by BirdLife has yielded an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of c.500 km2.
This species’s range is covered by a model of forest loss in the Amazon basin after 2002 (Soares-Filho et al. 2006). This model has been used to predict population declines over three generations for forest-dependent species that are largely covered by the model (following Bird et al. 2011). These methods suggest that C. fitzpatricki will lose c.6% of its habitat over 26 years (estimate of three generations), starting in 2002. This suggests that a very slow future decline can be inferred, but it is unclear whether a decline has already started or whether this predicted decline can be considered a continuing decline. It is suggested here that the species’s population is likely to be stable at present.
On the basis of this information it is suggested that the species could qualify as Near Threatened under criterion D, on the basis that its population may approach as few as 1,000 mature individuals, but is assumed to be stable. If the population is estimated to include fewer than 1,000 mature individuals, the species would qualify as Vulnerable under the same criterion, and if estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals then listing as Endangered should be considered.
Comments are invited on this proposed category and further information would be welcomed.
Bird, J. P., Buchanan, G. M., Lees, A. C., Clay, R. P., Develey. P. F., Yépez, I. and Butchart, S. H. M. (2011) Integrating spatially explicit habitat projections into extinction risk assessments: a reassessment of Amazonian avifauna incorporating projected deforestation. Diversity and Distributions DOI: 10.1111/j.1472 4642.2011.00843.x. http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ddi.
Seeholzer, G. F., Winger, B. M., Harvey, M. G., Caceres. A., D. and Weckstein, J. D. (2012) A new species of barbet (Capitonidae: Capito) from the Cerros del Sira, Ucayali, Peru. Auk 129(3): 551-559.
Soares-Filho, B. S., Nepstad, D. C., Curran, L. M., Cerqueira, G. C., Garcia, R. A., Ramos, C. A., Voll, E., McDonald, A., Lefebvre, P. and Schlesinger, P. (2006) Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin. Nature 440: 520–523.
Tobias, J. A., Seddon, N., Spottiswoode, C. N., Pilgrim, J. D., Fishpool, L. D. C. and Collar, N. J. (2010) Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis 152: 724–746. | <urn:uuid:8b37b622-a296-4db5-875e-df498b58b159> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatened-bird-forums/2014/04/the-recently-described-taxon-capito-fitzpatricki-is-being-recognised-as-a-species-by-birdlife-list-the-species-as-near-threatened/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297195.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00158-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894584 | 1,325 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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