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Post by [email protected]
Hi, Is the following sentence beginning with "Comparatively
speaking" okay, in terms of the tense sequence of the main-clause
verb "holds" and the participial phrase "having spent only 15
dollars during the past eight days"?
Peter spends 50 dollars every day. Sam spends 30 dollars every
other day. Comparatively speaking, John holds the purse strings
rather tightly, having spent only 15 dollars during the past eight
And what is the relation between the main clause predicate "holds
the purse strings rather tightly" and "having spent only 15 dollars
during the past four days"?
I'd appreciate your help.
1. "holds the purse strings" is to my mind a rather quaint old
fashioned expression. "John is rather more careful with his money"
would suit me better.
2. "Having spent" is like a Latin ablative absolute, a condensed way of
describing previous events in a few words. "Having lost the
battle, the remains of the army struggled towards the coast" In this
case I would use "as he has spent"
That's not actually an absolute construction, since in both cases
(sorry) the participle modifies the subject of the main clause. The
phrase "having spent only 15 dollars during the past four days"
describes John and justifies the statement that he is careful with his
money in comparison with Peter and Sam.
It bothers me a little that their spending habits are given in the
general present tense while the justifying phrase is in the particular
present-perfect. I would prefer a colon and a finite verb to a comma
there: "John holds the purse strings rather tightly: he has spent only
fifteen dollars during the past eight days". I wouldn't say the other
construction is wrong; I'm merely fussing.
So my version would be:- "John is rather more careful with his money
as he has spent only 15 dollars in the last eight days"
That would work too. Everything is in a "present" tense because, in
both uses, the speaker is commenting at about the same time as the
Yes, the ablative absolute is a "two time stage" process. Action one having
already happened, the way is clear for action two to be described. | <urn:uuid:640c883b-61c4-419f-9e1a-1466f182a6a2> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://alt.usage.english.narkive.com/UtMWOnVV/having-spent-only-15-dollars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250589560.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200117123339-20200117151339-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.964929 | 495 | 2.8125 | 3 |
How 2 Skiers Conquered Yosemite's Half Dome
At the end of last month, two skiers achieved an unprecedented feat: descending the summit of Yosemite National Park's iconic Half Dome into the valley below.
In 1865, a report declared that the rock formation — at more than 8,800 feet above sea level — was a path that "never will be trodden by human foot."
Since then, Half Dome has become a popular, but challenging, hike.
But on Feb. 21, Jason Torlano and Zach Milligan made the nearly 5,000-foot trek down on skis.
Skiers and snowboarders have descended Half Dome in the past. But some were assisted by ropes, and none of them made it all the way down to Mirror Lake in the valley, an extra 4,000 vertical feet.
For Torlano, who's lived in Yosemite since he was 5, the journey fulfilled a childhood dream.
"I remember walking down the cables going 'Wow, I bet this thing's ski-able,' " he says, referring to the two metal cables that hikers use during the last 400 feet of the climb to Half Dome's summit. "I remember these old guys just laughing at me at the time."
The day before Torlano and Milligan made their descent, they scouted for a location, camping out at the base of a tree well for hours in subfreezing temperatures.
Once the two arrived at the summit, they were greeted with what Torlano describes as "perfect conditions" — an inch layer of ice with 3-4 inches of snow. Unsuitable snow conditions had thwarted Torlano's previous three attempts to ski down Half Dome.
In addition to navigating the thin layer of snow, what also made their five-hour descent so perilous are the several sections of bare rock known as the "death slabs."
"We rappelled a total three times, a total of about 300 feet," Torlano tells All Things Considered. "So you have a section of snow, and then you'll have a big cliff, and you rappel and you connect the snow to the next rappelling."
The two also had to watch out for another threat.
""It's a slab with no anchors, so avalanches occur all the time," Torlano says. "And if you fall or get caught in an avalanche, on the cable section, you're gonna fall off the south face, a thousand-foot cliff."
Though he's achieved a lifelong dream, Torlano says he's still eyeing other slopes in Yosemite to conquer.
"Every time we go into Yosemite, I just look up into the mountains," he says. "There's so much I want to do there still."
Farah Eltohamy is NPR's Digital News intern.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:4247d724-d1a8-4f8e-91a2-66734e47e6ec> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.wvxu.org/2021-03-03/how-2-skiers-conquered-yosemites-half-dome | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057416.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923013955-20210923043955-00639.warc.gz | en | 0.956619 | 603 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Research shows that more and more young people have begun to complain about issues related to their posture. From backaches and migraines to even problems like backbone disc maladjustments, it is now starting to become a serious problem in the youth of today. Many wonder why such problems have started to occur in today’s generation and whether problems occurring with skin, diet, and back are all related to one another.
When we consider the youth of today, the main thing we all do is sit in front of a screen all day long. Whether it is to work, play a game, or even socialize. Sitting in one position is what we do throughout. This then causes issues with posture and back problems. This is why we believe that when you are working, you need to maintain a few postures and styles which are essential for keeping a healthy back.
We have written down the most beneficial and common styles that are inspired through yoga. Exercises that will help you maintain a healthy and well-balanced posture. You can know more about yoga for neck and shoulders here.
- Ergonomic workstation
Researchers believe that the best position to work on a desk while sitting is on the ergonomic workstation. This is because it respects and keeps the natural balance of our joints and maintains their position, hence maintaining our posture. It helps reduce any sort of muscular tension and enables muscles to rest in their natural position. In this position, you must keep your back straight, shoulders relaxed, have your screen at eye level, and rest your legs on the ground without crossing them. This will help your posture.
- Adjust your chair
We believe that the position you sit in matters the most. This is why adjusting your chair to be at the exact level you want it to be is very important. This is because we all are of a different size and having an adjustable chair will help us adjust to the requirements of our body. When you adjust your chair, make sure that your elbows are at the height of your desk while you can lay your hands on the desk to form a right angle.
- The positioning of legs and feet
It is very important to position your legs and feet in the right way sitting. They can have a big impact on your natural balance and posture too. Your thighs should form a 90-100 degree angle with your trunk and a similar angle with your thighs. This will ensure that you have the right sitting position. Also, you need to make sure when you sit in this position, you do not cross your feet, rather lay them straight onto the ground. This can then cause problems within your spine and an imbalance in your pelvic bone. Hence to maintain a good posture, you should lay your feet straight onto the ground rather than crossing them in odd ways. Also, it is said that wearing the right kind of shoe can also prevent such occurrences. | <urn:uuid:592b2760-41dd-4459-a7e8-76293ef02485> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.qldtheatreco.com.au/postures-we-should-keep-in-mind-when-on-the-job/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301309.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119094810-20220119124810-00664.warc.gz | en | 0.958205 | 584 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Beginning in November 2015, Peru will experience one of the largest El Nio climate events on record. Scientists have historically focused on studying impacts from El Nio in coastal areas due to relatively dry regions experiencing large-scale flooding. Research has largely overlooked the effects of El Nio in the Amazon and its consequences for human health beyond vector-borne disease risk. The Madre de Dios (MDD) region of the Peruvian Amazon is expected to face a challenging El Nio season with over 90% of the population experiencing both excessive drought and flooding. These environmental changes are coupled with an ongoing social challenge: artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) that has rapidly expanded due to construction of the Interoceanic Highway. ASGM releases inorganic mercury (Hg) directly into proximate soil and river sediment, where anaerobic bacteria bio-methylate Hg to form the potent neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg) that biomagnifies in the aquatic food web. Communities near and far downstream from ASGM are exposed to high levels of MeHg via consumption of contaminated fish. Our primary hypothesis is that El Nio is associated with increased human MeHg exposure due to elevated rates of Hg bio-methylation in aquatic ecosystems and increased fish consumption. We hypothesize that: (1) El Nio will disrupt agricultural production, leading to increased reliance on fish protein; () Hg released into the environment by ASGM will undergo more rapid bio-methylation due to higher bacterial activity in sediment caused by El Nio- related flooding; (3) fish in flooded rivrs downstream from ASGM and sold in markets will contain higher levels of MeHg; and (4) environmental Hg exposures in adults, children, and developing fetuses will increase with higher dietary exposure and nutritional vulnerability. We will develop a predictive model for human internal MeHg dose that accounts for El Nio-related environmental changes. Our team is uniquely positioned to evaluate the impact of El Nio in the Amazon by leveraging ongoing research in MDD with prior data collected on Hg levels in environmental and human biological samples. In addition, we leverage our long-term collaborative partnerships with community leaders and the Ministry of Health to assist in implementation of our aims. To test our hypotheses, we will collect additional primary data by testing fish, sediment and human biological samples for Hg and other metals in areas and people previously sampled by our team during and following El Nio, conduct monthly food frequency surveys in sentinel households (previously sampled), and initiate a birth cohort (enrolling 10 children per month). Results from this proposed study will help establish whether El Nio flooding is associated with increased MeHg exposure, identify sources of exposures, and determine exposure thresholds associated with observable health effects among persons living in the Amazon. As El Nio events occur regularly and are projected to intensify in the future, this project has significant potential to inform future disaster preparedness and to protect the wellbeing of vulnerable regional populations.
Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the leading cause of mercury pollution worldwide. ASGM releases inorganic mercury that is bio-methylated by sediment bacteria into methylmercury (meHg), which is a potent neurotoxin that biomagnifies in the aquatic food web and, importantly, in fish populations harvested for human consumption. Bio-methylation occurs more rapidly during flood events, such as what is predicted to occur during the impending El Nio. This study will help determine the extent of increased bio-magnification of meHg in fish populations due to El Nio-related flooding and the resulting increase in meHg detected in biological samples from vulnerable populations of the Peruvian Amazon, in particular, pregnant women and children.
|Weinhouse, Caren (2017) Mitochondrial-epigenetic crosstalk in environmental toxicology. Toxicology 391:5-17|
|Wyatt, Lauren; Ortiz, Ernesto J; Feingold, Beth et al. (2017) Spatial, Temporal, and Dietary Variables Associated with Elevated Mercury Exposure in Peruvian Riverine Communities Upstream and Downstream of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:| | <urn:uuid:9e0b34db-37e9-4ee3-80d6-971318b874c6> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-ES026960-01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038088471.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416012946-20210416042946-00591.warc.gz | en | 0.930059 | 878 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The surname Peschwitz was first found in Meissen, where the name contributed greatly to the development of an emerging nation which would later play a large role in the tribal and national conflicts of the area. The name was originally spelled Petzschwitz, Petschwitz or Peschwitz. The first recorded member of this family was Marquand von Beschwitz who lived in the early 13th century. In later years the name branched into many houses, each playing a significant role in the
social and political affairs.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Peschwitz research.Another 244 words (17 lines of text) covering the years 1409, 13, , 1635, 10, , 1859, 1499 and 1718 are included under the topic Early Peschwitz History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
of this family name include: Beschwittz, Beshwitz, Bechwitz, Beschewitz, Beshewitz, Bechewitz, Petzschwitz, Petschwitz and many more.
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: members of the family who settled in North America during the 18th and 19th centuries. | <urn:uuid:6f0d5e83-faf9-41df-821a-bcf339fce99a> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.houseofnames.com/Peschwitz-family-crest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526506.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720091347-20190720113347-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.952964 | 251 | 2.859375 | 3 |
How can you not like a paper that starts with the phrase "the remarkable squidworm"?: That freaky-looking thing you're seeing is an annelid, but it's quite a bit different from the local earthworms that may inhabit your garden. If you exclude the appendages flailing off the front, the squidworm is (thankfully) only about 10cm long. The authors who described it did some basic DNA work to discover its closest relatives, but said that two of its most prominent features—the two rows of paddles and six pairs of tentacle-like arms—are unique to the creature. For squidworm afficionados, the tentacle-like things are apparently nuchal organs.
Some snakes don't actually need a plane to fly: If the squidworm doesn't freak you out because you figure you'll safely avoid the deep ocean, we'll bring you some disturbing news from above the waves: flying snakes. Or at least some snakes that glide really, really well. There's no scientific paper there (although one's in the works), because watching that video should really tell you all you need to know about these reptiles. For those who choose not to watch, the snakes line themselves up to launch off a stick, make a slithering motion to improve their glide, and can actually twist themselves sufficiently to change direction in mid-air.
For whale sharks, it's sink or swim: You don't tend to think of sharks as employing strategy beyond biting stuff, but that's apparently not true for the biggest shark out there. That's according to a paper entitled "Moved by that sinking feeling: variable diving geometry underlies movement strategies in whale sharks," which also gets Weird Science kudos for its title. The huge sharks minimize power when moving by taking advantage of the fact that, left unpropelled, they'd sink. So, they arrange their fins in order to make sure that their sinking gets converted into forward motion. When they need to rise again, they take a very shallow angle of attack, to make sure they expend as little energy as possible. The researchers did spot some instances where the whale sharks did rise quickly, but, in that case, the animals just went at an angle that optimized altitude for energy expended.
The physics of coffee rings: The dynamics of coffee rings, and the marks they leave behind, have actually been studied before, but that doesn't stop physicists from gazing at their mug and attempting to produce a mathematical model based on evaporation rates and thin film formation. What set this particular version apart was its press release: "You might think coffee ring formation, first described quantitatively by Deegan et al in a heavily cited article, is the most widely and ritualistically performed experiment in the world, given the prevalence of caffeine in cultures," it states. "But most of us lack the scanning electron microscope and mathematical models to evaluate our stain data properly, or reach meaningful conclusions beyond 'Use a coaster.'"
Thanks to the American Institute of Physics for that one.
The seasonality of hurt: This data applies to the UK, but it would be neat to find out if it's a general trend. Researchers decided to identify all the serious injuries that were treated in emergency rooms from around the country, and see if they were associated with changes in the weather. The unexpected result is that they are, and that the trends for children and adults go in opposite directions. If the temperatures rose by 5°C, or the sun stayed out for a couple of hours longer, the injury rate for kids went up by 10 percent and six percent, respectively. Adults had issues with the cold. Drops of 5°C sent their admissions up by three percent, while the presence of snow boosted admissions by nearly eight percent. I'm sure there's a message in there somewhere, but I've got no idea what it is.
Listing image by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute | <urn:uuid:ebb5046e-b2f6-4abc-8612-6546830420dc> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://arstechnica.com/science/2010/11/weird-science-finds-the-remarkable-squidworm-flying-snakes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864019.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621020632-20180621040632-00286.warc.gz | en | 0.967807 | 796 | 2.875 | 3 |
Wheel gymnasts do exercises in a large wheel known as the Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel, or German wheel, in the beginning also known as ayro wheel, aero wheel, and Rhon rod.
The wheel was invented in 1925 by Otto Feick in Schönau an der Brend. The grandson of a blacksmith, Feick was inspired by the memory of an event from his childhood in Reichenbach, when he had tied sticks between two cartwheel bands that his grandfather had made and rolled down a hill.
He filed for a patent as "wheel-gymnastic and sports equipment". He had invented the wheel in Ludwigshafen am Rhein ca. 1920-1922, on the grounds of the VSK Germania, a sports club, of which he was the founding chairman. The patent was issued on 8 November 1925; the name "Rhönrad" has been registered and protected since 1926 ("Rhön" is the name of the mountain region where the wheel was invented).
The focus of wheel gymnastics remains largely in Germany.
- Jaedicke, Thomas (8 November 2015). "Patent für zwei Reifen und sechs Sprossen" [Patent For Two Hoops and Six Cross-bars]. Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- "Wir in den wilden Zwanzigern - Goldene Jahre (2/2)". wdr (in German). WDR. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
|This article on Gymnastics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| | <urn:uuid:3262d599-de79-4838-b74f-43afae7b2d04> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_wheel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320443.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625064745-20170625084745-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.952775 | 344 | 2.609375 | 3 |
To: Teacher2Teacher Public Discussion
Subject: Re: Re: Give me a break!
Parents please note an estimation is just an educated guess therefore when students learn estimation they are made aware that it is not the actual answer. Therefore the answer could be more or less. Our students must learn how to make estimation because in life we all get estimations for the cost of different things. When we want to build a house the contractor gives us an estimate of the cost which means we may pay more or less to get it built. Also when go shopping we estimate the cost of an item so we take more money than is needed at times to cover our expenditure. So do not feel like students should not be taught this skill, it is very important. So all you need to do as parents is reinforce what teachers teach. They know what they are doing that is why
Math Forum Home || The Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search | <urn:uuid:13cb235e-7d17-4a8c-8df8-d3f2be38ada5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mathforum.org/t2t/discuss/message.taco?thread=1154&n=17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720615.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00120-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930538 | 191 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Article: Construction Canada, September 2015
Mid-rise construction has taken hold as cities across Canada seek new ways to accommodate growth in urban populations. Due to a change in code, wood-frame construction is now allowed for mid-rise buildings up to six stories high.
A wood-framed mid-rise is only as good as the materials surrounding it, so it is essential for architects to specify smarter skins for the design of their projects. Strong bones means enhanced safety, better indoor environmental quality and long-term durability.
Gypsum board products are the most specified for exterior sheathing and interior finished surfaces in Canada. Gypsum is a popular choice as it protects the wood from moisture and fire while providing a water-resistant barrier against the elements to guard against mold and rot. Gypsum also features an air barrier to help maintain building performance.
Another important consideration when specifying materials is indoor air quality. Since drywall is naturally derived, it is non-polluting to indoor environments. New technologies like those found in CertainTeed’s AirRenew® Indoor Air Quality Gypsum Board have been engineered to actively clean indoor air by absorbing circulating formaldehyde and converting it to an inert compound. Drywall is also naturally fire-resistant, offering passive fire safety to the building. Another benefit of drywall is improved acoustics, which prevents unwanted sound from transferring between walls.
Gypsum boards are a part of smarter exterior skins that need to be considered for wood-based buildings. The versatility of the boards helps architects address critical concerns. A mid-size skeleton can only be built once, so it should be built with the right materials. | <urn:uuid:cdc5f3fc-491c-466e-a41c-465b00314e71> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.certainteed.com/drywall/protecting-mid-rise-bones-gypsum-board/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864624.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522034402-20180522054402-00219.warc.gz | en | 0.940231 | 340 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Crows have proved they are anything but bird-brained on dozens of occasions, but some incredible new research shows that the dark masters of the avian world are perhaps even smarter than we ever realized.
A new study has found that New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) can make their own tools by combining several different independent parts, an ability that’s previously only been observed in great apes (including us).
Even children can’t master this feat for several years of their early life as it requires a fair deal of foresight, brain power, and problem-solving skills.
“The finding is remarkable because the crows received no assistance or training in making these combinations, they figured it out by themselves,” Auguste von Bayern, first author of the study from the Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology and University of Oxford, said in a statement.
As reported in the journal Scientific Reports, scientists presented eight of their feathered friends with a see-through box containing a tray of food.
To acquire the treat, the crows had to poke a stick through a small hole and push the food over to an opening on the side of the box.
At first, the researchers left sufficiently long sticks laying near the box.
Sure enough, the crows quickly learned that they could pick them up, poke them in the hole, and get the treat. Simple.
However, they then left smaller pieces, too short to reach the food, which could potentially be combined with each other to make a long-enough stick.
Remarkably, four of the eight crows pieced together the sticks to make a longer stick, then used it to poke out the food – they had made their own tool.
“It is possible that they use some form of virtual simulation of the problem as if different potential actions were played in their brains until they figure out a viable solution, and then do it,” added Alex Kacelnik from the University of Oxford.
One crow, an especially smart dude called Mango, was even able to make compound tools out of three and even four parts, creating a super-long stick capable of poking out the food from a considerable distance.
It’s widely known that crows are among the few animals that can master the use of tools both in the wild and in captivity.
Just recently, another study showed that they can learn new tool-making techniques and apply them from memory in a way never before seen in animals besides ourselves and our ancestors.
Let’s just hope they use their impressive brain powers for good and not evil.
Lose 11 pounds in 22 days?
Is it REALLY possible to lose 11 lbs. of fat in 22 days? Actually yes… BUT only when you’re a level 4 fat burner. Unfortunately, most people are stuck as level 1 fat burners. So, how do you become a level 4 fat burner to lose up to 11 lbs. in 22 days? Simply eat these foods daily: | <urn:uuid:31b6e58c-7d34-4a66-b8a1-b4af988378ce> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://theheartysoul.com/new-experiment-reveals-just-how-disturbingly-clever-crows-really-are/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257731.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524184553-20190524210553-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.968869 | 632 | 3.625 | 4 |
Talk about lifestyle diseases and diabetes is sure to top the list. It is a killing machine, literally, affection millions of people worldwide. The shocking part is that more and more young people are falling prey to it. Blame it on the times we live it with unhealthy lifestyle choices that dangerous diseases like this are on the rise. Type 2 diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus is a life-long condition when the insulin hormone produced by our pancreas is not utilised properly by the cells to break down glucose into energy. As such, the blood sugar level goes up in the body and it could trigger a series of other health issues in the long run.
According to a study done by International Prevention Research Institute in Lyon, France, the onset of diabetes, or a rapid deterioration in existing diabetes that requires more aggressive treatment, could be a sign of early, hidden pancreatic cancer. The research was presented at the ongoing European Cancer Congress 2017 held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
The findings are based on an analysis linking nearly a million patients with Type-2 diabetes in Italy and Belgium with recorded cases of pancreatic cancer. “Half of all pancreatic cancers cases in the two regions were diagnosed within one year of patients being diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes and being given their first prescription to control it,” said researcher Alice Koechlin.
“In Belgium 25 per cent of cases were diagnosed within 90 days and in Lombardy (Italy) it was 18 per cent. After the first year, the proportion of diagnosed pancreatic cancers dropped dramatically,” she said.
Among patients who already had Type-2 diabetes and were managing it with oral anti-diabetic drugs, the switch to incretins (metabolic hormones that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin to lower blood glucose levels) or insulin happened faster among diabetic patients who were subsequently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
In addition, a deterioration in their condition that necessitated them being switched to more aggressive anti-diabetic therapy with injections of insulin was associated with a seven-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, the study said.
“There is currently no good, non-invasive method for detecting pancreatic cancer that is not yet showing any visible signs or symptoms. We hope that our results will encourage the search for blood markers indicating the presence of pancreatic cancer, which could guide decisions to perform a confirmation examination like endoscopy,” Koechlin said.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, partly because it is difficult to detect at an early stage and because there are few effective treatments for it. Less than one per cent of people live for ten or more years after a diagnosis. | <urn:uuid:14ec7a7d-3e15-428a-b921-fdacb73de1fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://fulldatabackup.com/warning-sign-pancreatic-cancer-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948615810.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218102808-20171218124808-00023.warc.gz | en | 0.95766 | 556 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Meet us at BUDMA fair in Poznan, Poland 1–4 February, 2022.
Timber is becoming more and more common as a building material, but the pace of development varies from country to country. Markku Karjalainen, professor of architectural construction at Tampere University, tells that environmental concerns are the biggest reason behind the increased popularity of timber frame buildings and wooden surfaces, but it is not enough – it is also important to ensure the competitiveness of different solutions and the development of competence.
Having been used as a building material for centuries, timber is rapidly gaining popularity in different parts of the world. Timber construction is talked and written about a lot, but what does it actually mean?
As a construction industry term and in statistics, timber construction refers to buildings and structures with a load-bearing frame made of timber. Such solutions include solid log structures, CLT elements and various types of column, beam and platform frame solutions. They are suitable, for example, for the following uses:
In addition, timber is used in diverse ways on the surfaces of buildings and structures, including interior panels, fixed furnishings, external cladding, balconies, terraces, fences and visual barriers and other yard structures.
The surfaces of a timber frame building can be made of other materials and, similarly, a building with a stone or steel frame can have wooden surfaces. Hybrid solutions combining different materials are suitable for both frame structures and surfaces.
In terms of different types of wood, both pine and spruce are suitable for frame structures. On facades and other structures exposed to the weather, spruce and larch are more durable than pine. In addition to softwood, birch and other types of hardwood are well suited for interior surfaces and furnishings.
The use of timber in construction is promoted for many reasons. The most important ones are to do with combating climate change, promoting sustainable development and a circular economy as well as improving resource efficiency and energy efficiency in construction. Wood sourced from sustainably managed and certified forests is an environmentally friendly choice.
Not only is it a renewable and often local natural resource, it is also a light and recyclable material that efficiently absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Therefore, the increased use of timber in construction is justified. The more wood a building contains, the more it helps combat climate change. While growing, a tree absorbs approximately one tonne of carbon dioxide per cubic metre, in other words approximately 250 kg of carbon throughout the duration of the building’s life cycle.
As buildings are made for people and human activity, the choice of building materials used also has an impact on the comfort, safety and healthiness of living and working environments. In 2017, the Finnish Ministry of the Environment conducted a resident survey that covered 585 timber apartment buildings. According to the survey, people consider timber to be a pleasant and calming material.
Timber materials are also associated with pleasant acoustics and sound insulation, suitable indoor air humidity and, in terms of pine, antibacterial properties. Correctly built solid timber buildings are airtight, yet hygroscopically breathable and they help to even out the variations in indoor air humidity. Wooden surfaces are very durable, but they are not completely maintenance-free. Then again, neither is any other building material.
In the EU and EEA, buildings must be designed in compliance with the design standards based on the Eurocodes, supplemented by national guidelines. These standards and guidelines cover the use of different building materials in detail, including wood products. It is possible to apply for a CE marking for products that fall within the design parameters. A CE marking is required for construction products.
Environmental values related to timber buildings influence the objectives and regulation of construction. The rapid development of wood products as well as the development of competencies in terms of hybrid construction using different materials have enabled many countries to change their building regulations, allowing for taller buildings to be built with timber frames. The standards are, however, interpreted in different ways in different countries and areas, for example with regard to the fire regulations and sound insulation requirements.
The development of CLT modules has, in particular, boosted the construction of timber frame apartment buildings, as they can be built remarkably quickly using modules. In terms of costs, timber construction is a competitive alternative. However, the costs are distributed differently from concrete construction. The share of design costs is higher, while the construction process is significantly quicker because there is no need to prepare for expensive alteration work during the construction phase when using the module technology.
Other benefits of modular construction include the certainty regarding construction costs and the length of a building’s estimated life cycle. This is essential, irrespective of whether the client is a public entity or a private party.
Fire safety is a key element in all construction projects, regardless of the material. Buildings must withstand a fire, without collapsing, for long enough that an evacuation is possible. In spite of many preconceptions, timber is a safe material because its behaviour in a fire is well known and plans can be made based on facts. A timber frame building can withstand a fire for a long time without collapsing because the charring of surfaces protects the structures from the fire.
The same fire resistance requirements apply to both timber frame buildings and other similar buildings. In Finland, all timber buildings with more than two storeys must be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. Sprinkler systems are not, however, required in all countries. The spreading of fire can also be prevented by structural means.
In addition, visible wooden surfaces can be protected in accordance with the building regulations to achieve fire class B-s1, d0 based on the Euro classification. In order to ensure the impact of wooden surfaces on improving well-being, they should be protected with an environmentally friendly and certified low-emission fire retardant, for example the NT DECO which is available in numerous tones.
Traditionally, the share of timber frame buildings has been large in North America and it is also increasing in Central Europe, especially in France, Germany, Switzerland and Austria as well as in Sweden. The same trend can also be seen in Japan and even China. In Sweden, for example, there are over 20,000 apartments in timber buildings and one in five new apartment buildings is being built using timber.
Timber buildings absorb carbon dioxide and are made using renewable resources. They are also energy efficient and pleasant for the users. In many countries, increasing the amount of timber buildings is taken into consideration when setting the national construction objectives. As building regulations and new construction methods are being developed, experience has shown that well-planned timber construction is quick and safe with costs remaining under control.
In May 2019, a group of Finnish timber construction experts visited the construction site of HoHo Wien, a 24-storey timber high rise in Vienna, Austria. 75% of the hybrid building is timber and the rest is concrete and steel. Photo: Mikko Viljakainen, Puuinfo Oy
It does take time to replace traditional methods, as it requires new kinds of design competencies and, in addition, construction companies have to reform their building processes. However, progress will not stop. In France, the state controls the construction industry by requiring that 30% of all construction work must use timber by 2030. One of the objectives in the new Finnish Government Programme published in May 2019 is to double the use of wood in construction.
The social value of timber construction is strengthened by the fact that wood is often sourced from local forests. The timber product industry provides jobs and the constant development of technologies increases intellectual capital. In many countries, both governments and local administrations as well as the industry are campaigning to promote cost-effective timber construction.
The ways in which timber can be used in construction are almost limitless. The light natural material is easy to work with and pleasing to the eye as it can be used for creating a variety of surfaces, in addition to frame structures. Solutions using different types of wood open up possibilities for designers: timber can be glued, bent, perforated and tinted as well as combined, for example, with glass, stone and steel.
In public buildings such as schools, day care centres and care facilities, the use of calming timber has already become popular. In infrastructure construction, timber is well suited for bridges and noise barriers. Timber can be used for creating large and impressive buildings such as sports arenas, libraries, churches and museums.
In terms of volume, the greatest growth potential lies in the construction of timber frame apartment buildings. Timber is also an excellent material for apartment building renovations and extensions in suburban areas, including additional thermal insulation to improve energy efficiency as well as additional floors.
In low-rise buildings, the use of timber varies from one country to another: in countries dominated by forests, detached timber houses and holiday homes are quite popular already. In Finland, for example, the use of timber for low-rise buildings is not expected to increase much, as approximately 85% of them already have a timber frame. For holiday homes, the figure is 99%.
As urbanisation increases, people want to live in pleasant timber apartment buildings and they also want wood to be visible on building surfaces. According to Markku Karjalainen, the competitiveness of a timber frame is most effective in buildings with less than eight storeys, although taller buildings have been and will be built. At the moment, the world’s tallest timber frame building is the 18-storey high rise in Brumunddal, Norway, standing 85.4 metres tall. In Austria, a 24-storey timber building known as HoHo Wien is currently under construction.
Careful design plays a key role in the process. The use of timber in construction has been well received by architects and they have shown that even just one individual can influence outdated attitudes. As the modular technology used in timber construction is developing rapidly, construction companies also have to invest in competence development.
Timber construction is beneficial for both people and the environment, but maintaining the growth, competitiveness and competencies requires close cooperation between the authorities, developers, designers, builders and the construction industry both locally and internationally.
Keep on track about fire safety of wood products. Our newsletter provides you with the latest ideas and solutions. | <urn:uuid:0da1da9c-1210-4fbf-8495-fbd99d0125d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.nordtreat.com/en/insights/the-increase-in-timber-construction-is-based-on-environmental-concerns-competence-and-competitiveness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304686.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20220124220008-20220125010008-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.955308 | 2,102 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The first step to controlling eczema is being able to determine whether or not your skin condition is actually eczema.
Eczema is a chronic skin condition which is triggered when your immune system has an over reaction to something in your environment, or when there is emotional stress. The skin may become dry, inflamed, scaly and itchy. In some persons there is a wet form of eczema, where there are watery boils that may weep and leave the skin soggy.
There are several types of eczema. These are as follows:
• Atopic Eczema- Atopic eczema causes dry, itchy, irritated skin. Most people with atopic eczema develop it before age five. This skin condition tends to run in families. People who get atopic eczema usually have family members who have eczema, asthma, or hay fever. The skin can swell, crack, ooze, crust, and scale. The patches may be raised, scaly, dry and red. The skin may become thick with constant scratching.
• Contact Eczema -Contact with everyday objects causes this very common type of eczema. When the contact leads to irritated skin, the eczema is called irritant contact eczema. If an allergic reaction develops on the skin after exposure, it is called allergic contact eczema.
• Dyshidrotic Eczema-This occurs only on the palms of the hands, sides of the fingers, and soles of the feet. There is burning, an itching sensation and a blistering rash.
• Seborrheic Eczema- Usually beginning on the scalp as oily, waxy patches, this common type of eczema sometimes spreads to the face and beyond. A severe case, while rare, produces widespread lesions. Like most types of eczema, seborrheic eczema tends to flare in cold, dry weather.
• Nummular Eczema- Often appearing after a skin injury, such as a burn, abrasion, or insect bite, the hallmark of this common eczema is unique, coin-shaped (nummular) or oval lesions. One or many patches can develop that may last for weeks or months.
• Neuroeczema- develops when nerve endings in the skin become irritated, triggering a severe itch-scratch-itch cycle. Common causes of nerve irritation include an insect bite and emotional stress. The itch is intense and is usually worse when the person is resting or relaxing.
Understanding what triggers Eczema flare ups
What are Eczema triggers- these are things that cause eczema to develop or get worse.
• The triggers can be internal or external. Internal triggers are usually associated with things we ingest such as foods or inhale.
• External triggers are things that come into contact with the skin, or environmental factors.
• These ranges from Physical and chemical irritants, extremes of temperature, humidity, perfumes, to different types of fabrics, and even detergents used to wash any clothing or linen that comes in contact with the skin.
• Stressful situations can also lead to flare ups of eczema in those so predisposed.
• Our genetic make up, may make us more prone to developing eczema.
• Specific types of exposures are related to the development of the different types of eczema.
• Atopic Eczema -A complex array of factors are thought to contribute to the development of atopic eczema. These include genetics, the home environment, breakdown of the outer skin layer and a malfunctioning immune system.
• Contact eczema-occurs after frequent exposure to a mild irritant, such as dish washing liquid, and after brief exposure to a strong irritant, such as a strong acid. | <urn:uuid:60a935eb-db6d-4a74-97a6-40cf2f303c6d> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://www.towergallery-sanibel.com/5-actions-that-can-help-you-to-get-rid-of-your-eczema.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583743003.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120224955-20190121010946-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.924325 | 798 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Making the Holidays Safer for Children
The holiday season is filled with family get-togethers, holiday dinners, and special traditions. This is a wonderful time of the year, especially for children. As parents, we must know how to protect our children. Here are some common holiday dangers and steps that we, as parents, can take to assure our children's safety:
1. Christmas ornaments and decorations have small pieces and metal hooks which posed a danger if swallowed. An option is to use short string or thread. Tinsel and light bulbs are also choking hazards to small children.
2. Keep breakable ornaments out of reach of small children. If one does break, clean it up immediately to avoid cuts or choking.
3. Extension cords and light strands can strangle children.
4. Thoroughly check all toys for small pieces that can become separated or have been broken. Check the recommended ages for all toys.
5. Be aware of recalled toys and avoid buying toys with detachable small parts.
6. Avoid wrapping gifts with ribbon and small bows.
7. Keep foods such as popcorn, nuts, and hard candy out of reach of small children.
1. Check smoke detectors to make sure they are in proper working condition.
2. Keep your tree away from heat sources, and keep the lights unplug when you are away or sleeping.
3. Check for frayed wiring, loose connections, and broken sockets on extension cords and light strands. If using a live tree, keep it watered daily.
4. Avoid using candles, but if you do keep them away from children and flammable materials. Never leave the room while a candle is burning; it only takes a minute for a spark to start a fire.
5. Don’t overload circuits.
6. Inspect your fireplace before your first fire of the season, and use a fireplace screen.
7. Practice fire safety tips and have a family emergency plan in place.
1. Keep poisonous holiday plants our to reach of small children - Christmas cactus, ivy, holly, mistletoe berries, and poinsettas.
2. Be mindful that some baking ingredients – vanilla and almond extract can be poisonous to children, as well as eggnog and alcohol.
3. Practice food safety. Wash hands, dishes, utensils, and countertops. Take special care in food preparations and storage. Food poisoning is more common during the holidays and can be more serious in children.
4. Be careful drinking alcohol when children are present. Remove all empty and partially empty glasses immediately. Never set a glass of alcohol down, but if you must keep it under adult supervision at all times.
5. “Bubble lights” contain methylene chloride which is poisonous if a child drinks the fluid.
6. Keep all medications out of reach. Ask guests to do the same.
Other Potential Hazards and Accident Prevention Tips:
1. Keep your Christmas tree secured in a sturdy stand to avoid tipping over.
2. Keep pots handles turned towards the back of the stove to prevent accidents and leave the oven door closed.
3. To avoid burns and scalding, closely supervise children while you bake or cook, especially if they are helping.
4. Make sure children wear seat belts at all times.
5. Enforce a “no drinking and driving” policy for yourself and your adult children.
6. Supervise young children while sledding and avoid dangerous areas, such as crowded or steep hills, rocky areas, along steep inclines, or wooded areas.
7. When visiting others, remember their homes may not be "child proof."
Following these safety tips can help ensure a memorable holiday season. Your professional team at Lawsuit Financial would like to wish all of you a safe and happy holiday season.
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I first heard about these on TWiT about six months ago where the TWiT panel agreed that they would die off in development and would probably never become an actual product. Well they were wrong. There now is such a thing as a USB connected computer monitor. Seriously. This monitor connects to your PC via a USB port!
For a computer monitor to work via a USB port it has to be driven by the central processing unit (CPU). This means all of the graphics work has to be handled by the computer’s main CPU.
Graphics work is intense.
Driving the video to your computer screen takes awesome amounts of processing power even when you are just working in Word or Excel, but when you start to do image or video editing the amount of processing power becomes insane, and then if you move on to real-time massively multi-player online games video processing shifts up to a whole new level.
The very reason that video cards—which incorporate their own dedicated built-for-graphics GPU (graphics processing unit)—came into existence was to take this massive processing load away from the main CPU and free it up to do the real work; and not have to worry about getting stuff ready to put on the screen. For the average screen about 1,500,000 pixels are updated about once every 30th of second. This takes a huge amount of work—even when the screen is not doing anything it is still being updated.
The article about the USB connected screen does point out that it would not be suitable as the main or primary screen, due to the processing power it would drain from the main CPU, but that it might have a use as a secondary screen.
This line of thinking also make no sense at all. About 95 percent of all video cards in all desktop computers now have a DVI connector on them. This can be used to connect two screens to the video card (once you buy the right DVI to dual-analogue converter cable).
Okay. I can hear some of the think-ahead thinkers saying: “But what about for notebook users?”
Notebooks would be the last type of computer you want to plug a USB screen into. Firstly the horsepower of the CPUs in notebooks are effectively, generalising massively, on average, 60 to 75 percent as powerful as the CPUs in desktops; so you wouldn’t want a USB screen robbing 30 or 40 percent of that power to render the screen. Secondly, by default, all notebooks have two screens when you connect an external screen. They have the external screen, which can be either the primary or secondary, and they have the screen they have attached to them, which can be the primary or secondary. And with Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7 either screen can be an extended screen which then gives you a really wide screen desktop (two screen side-by-side effectively making up a single desktop).
So I am at a loss to see why anyone is going to buy a USB connect screen that is going to take gobs of horsepower off your main CPU in order to drive it. Just don’t make any sense to me at all. Even if they gave them away; which will not be the case.
Oh … You can click the graphic to go the article about the USB screen that I came across. To make things worse it is listed as No. 4 on the a Top 10 list of “Cutting Edge Computer Accessories” for 2011. Sob. | <urn:uuid:0832e575-1088-47fb-9c93-1d34a223c99d> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://www.abalook.com/old-blog/2011/2/18/really-stupid-idea-usb-computer-monitors.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481428.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217010854-20190217032854-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.960503 | 715 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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- Jennings, W. Bryan, et al. Show all 14 Authors
- Diversity 2013 v.5 no.2 pp. 293-319
- animals; conservation areas; development projects; ecotones; genetic variation; geographic information systems; grasslands; habitats; land management; landscapes; planning; population genetics; population structure; raw materials; renewable energy sources; species diversity; Colorado River; Mojave Desert; United States
- ... Genetic diversity within species provides the raw material for adaptation and evolution. Just as regions of high species diversity are conservation targets, identifying regions containing high genetic diversity and divergence within and among populations may be important to protect future evolutionary potential. When multiple co-distributed species show spatial overlap in high genetic diversity an ... | <urn:uuid:d91568d9-43c3-41dd-9d8c-45ea4f147518> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=genetic+variation&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=Mojave+Desert&q=%22Jennings%2C+W.+Bryan%22&search_field=author | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107898499.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028103215-20201028133215-00634.warc.gz | en | 0.773681 | 166 | 3.078125 | 3 |
See more synonyms for imprison on Thesaurus.com
- to confine in or as if in a prison.
Origin of imprison
1250–1300; Middle English enprisonenRelated formsim·pris·on·a·ble, adjectiveim·pris·on·er, nounim·pris·on·ment, nounre·im·pris·on, verb (used with object)re·im·pris·on·ment, nounun·im·pris·on·a·ble, adjectiveun·im·pris·oned, adjective
< Old French enprisoner,
equivalent to en- en-1
+ prison prison
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
British Dictionary definitions for reimprison
Derived Formsimprisoner, nounimprisonment, noun
- (tr) to confine in or as if in prison
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Word Origin and History for reimprison
also re-imprison, 1610s, from re- + imprison. Related: Re-imprisoned; re-imprisoning.
c.1300, from Old French emprisoner (12c.), from em- "in" (see in- (2)) + prison (see prison). Related: Imprisoned; imprisoning.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper | <urn:uuid:e27b3f2e-0842-4491-a30c-307cd2fe6409> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reimprison | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221208750.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814081835-20180814101835-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.767151 | 342 | 2.515625 | 3 |
2. A company's revenue minus cost of goods sold. Also called "gross margin" and "gross profit".
1. Your gross income is how much you make before taxes. It is the figure people are looking for when they ask how much you gross a month.
2. This is an important number when analyzing a company, it indicates how efficiently management uses labor and supplies in the production process. Keep in mind that gross income varies significantly from industry to industry.
Investment dictionary. Academic. 2012.
Look at other dictionaries:
Gross income — is commonly defined as the amount of a company s or a person s income before all deductions or any taxpayer’s income, except that which is specifically excluded by the Internal Revenue Code, before taking deductions or taxes into account. For a… … Wikipedia
gross income — n: all income derived from any source except for items specifically excluded by law ◇ Section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code lists fifteen nonexclusive items that should be included in gross income. They are (1) compensation for services,… … Law dictionary
Gross-Income — (englisch für Bruttoeinkommen) bezeichnet bei Werbeagenturen den Netto Honorarumsatz (Bruttoumsatz = Gross Billings) und setzt sich aus Honoraren und Provisionen zusammen. Honorare werden vom Kunden der Agentur bezahlt und entlohnen die die… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gross Income — (englisch für Bruttoeinkommen) bezeichnet bei Werbeagenturen den Netto Honorarumsatz (Bruttoumsatz = Gross Billings) und setzt sich aus Honoraren und Provisionen zusammen. Honorare werden vom Kunden der Agentur bezahlt und entlohnen die die… … Deutsch Wikipedia
gross income — Under I.R.C. Section 61(a) gross income means all income from whatever source derived, including (but not limited to) the following items: (1) Compensation for services, including fees, commissions, and similar items; (2) Gross income derived… … Black's law dictionary
gross income — A person s total income prior to exclusions and deductions. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary * * * gross income gross income ➔ income * * * gross income UK US noun [U] FINANCE, TAX, ACCOUNTING ► the total amount of a person’s or organization’s… … Financial and business terms
gross income — The whole or entire profit arising from a business or pursuit. Braun s Appeal, 105 Pa 414, 415. For income tax purposes: the total income of the taxpayer; the income from all sources without deductions or allowance for exemptions; the total of… … Ballentine's law dictionary
gross income — noun 1. : the total of all revenue or receipts usually for a given period except receipts or returns of capital 2. : all income derived from any source except for items specifically excluded by law and deductions of certain outlays (as cost of… … Useful english dictionary
gross income — Total sales revenues less *costs of goods (or services) sold. Nonproduction *overheads (such as administration and distribution costs) are excluded from the calculation of gross income. Contrast *net income … Auditor's dictionary
gross income — Synonyms and related words: avails, base pay, box office, commissions, compensation, credit, credits, dismissal wage, disposable income, dividend, dividends, earned income, earnings, escalator clause, escalator plan, financial remuneration, gains … Moby Thesaurus | <urn:uuid:b68436cb-c3a5-4888-b8f2-24bbf0035908> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://investment_terms.enacademic.com/7297/Gross_Income | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655934052.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711161442-20200711191442-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.705934 | 768 | 2.53125 | 3 |
For several days, there has been a Chinese lander and rover on the surface of the Earth’s satellite, the Moon. Its purpose is to study this celestial body and lay the foundations for further research. Although the research program has just begun, the first discovery is being identified. The moon has a different color than the photographs taken by NASA.
The first photographs captured from the surface of our natural satellite clearly show that its color is gray-brown. It is so surprising that in earlier photographs, it seemed that the surface was just different shades of gray. Therefore, it is not surprising that more specialists look at these images in disbelief, claiming that someone is trying to deceive society.
It is hard to believe that the Chang’e 3 probe, which delivered the Yutu rover to the moon, has been the first artificial device to make a soft landing on this near-Earth ball since December 1972. The Americans landed there, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt. Everything happened as part of the Apollo 17 mission.
The assumption that the color of the moon in official NASA photographs differs from the real one has been known for several years. Some researchers directly accused the Americans of intentionally retouching photographs for unknown reasons, as a result of which they all depict the surface of our satellite in shades of gray.
There are many indications that the actual color of the moon is brown. This is evidenced, for example, by the reflections on the covers of the spacesuits used by the NASA astronauts who visited the moon. It seems that the Chinese photographs reflect the true color of our satellite.
Unsurprisingly, the fact that NASA edited the photos to hide this fact indicates that the agency may have something serious to hide. While they were the only public photographs from there, this problem worked in the realm of speculation, but now, due to Chinese facts, irrefutable evidence has appeared that inspire some to formulate various conspiracy theories.
It turns out that the astronauts participating in the Apollo 10 space mission indicated that the colors of our satellite change. At least this was the result of official reports, but it is not known why this information was not made public.
When asked about these inaccuracies, NASA explained this in such a way that the color of the moon depends on the angle of incidence of the light and its current intensity.
Therefore, they argued that this could be due to different wavelengths of light, which were then interpreted by cameras that were imperfect at that time. Now, it is impossible to say whether this was the case, but no doubt, we have just learned something new due to the Chinese lunar mission. | <urn:uuid:296e9761-606f-47ce-af51-fa6b571f163c> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.howandwhys.com/chinese-rover-biggest-discovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875147116.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228073640-20200228103640-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.971508 | 533 | 3.484375 | 3 |
“Wall Street” is a street in New York City, near the southern end of Manhattan Island. It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, and the biggest center of stock trading and finance in the world.
Before New York was New York, it was a Dutch colony called New Amsterdam, which only took up a small area in the south of Manhattan Island. As part of the town’s defenses, in the 17th century a wall was built near the town center.
The street build along the wall was called Wall Street, and remained so even long after the walls were torn down and the city continued to grow.
Over time, businessmen began to meet near the old Wall, at a buttonwood tree near the intersection of Wall Street and Broad Street. By 1792, most of the young city’s investors would meet here to trade Revolutionary War bonds, bonds issued by various state and local governments, and a small amount of stocks from the growing businesses in the area.
Wall Street and the United States
Wall Street also had an important government function: in 1700, a new City Hall for New York City was built on Wall Street. As the American Revolution drew near, this building was also where the Freedom of the Press was established (with a lawsuit of the British government against a newspaper printer for libel, he was found not guilty because what he published was true), and where delegates from 9 of the colonies met to draft a letter to King George and the British Parliament in response to the Stamp Act, making the famous claim of “No Taxation without Representation”.
After the Revolutionary War, the city hall became Federal Hall, and served as the capitol of the United States from 1785 until 1789 (where, among other things, the Bill Of Rights was signed). After this, it became a customs house, and later part of the Treasury system. It is now a national monument.
In 1817, the businessmen who had continued to meet near the buttonwood tree to trade Revolutionary and United States bonds (along with small amounts of stocks) pooled their resources to rent an empty building across the street from their old meeting place so they could continue to meet even when it was cold and raining. This building became the first home of the New York Stock Exchange. | <urn:uuid:e7795de9-9c07-4655-96db-65635a814cd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.personalfinancelab.com/glossary/11457/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662545548.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522125835-20220522155835-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.983419 | 490 | 3.265625 | 3 |
It was just before dark, and Charles was pulling weeds with his father in South Sudan's Western Equatoria state when roughly a dozen armed rebels appeared, demanding he join their ranks. Charles was terrified. His father tried to intervene, but he was outnumbered. That night, Charles, whose name has been changed to protect his identity, was separated from his father and forced to become a soldier. He was just 13 years old.
It's been three years since the beginning of South Sudan's civil war, and the consequences have been devastating. Rebels and government forces have conscripted more than 17,000 children to fight, according to UNICEF, in a conflict between supporters of President Salva Kiir and those of former Vice President Riek Machar. The war has already killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced more than 3 million people. Both sides have been accused of killings and mass rapes, but a recent U.N. report placed most of the blame on the government's side. The conflict has also been economically disastrous, creating inflation and now famine. In February, the U.N. said some 100,000 people are on the brink of starvation, while another million could be affected. Months earlier, Yasmin Sooka, the U.N.'s chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights in the country warned that South Sudan was showing "all of the warning signals" of a Rwanda-like genocide.
As the situation worsens, Kiir has resisted help from foreign countries by blocking humanitarian assistance and raising the cost of permits for international aid workers. This comes at a time when the United States appears to be turning inward. In mid-March, the White House directed the State Department and the U.S. Mission to the United Nations to cut U.N. program budgets by almost half—cuts, according to Foreign Policy, that would disproportionately affect State Department funding to UNICEF and peacekeeping . Since 2014, the United States has given $2.1 billion in humanitarian aid to South Sudan. But as the Trump administration hashes out Washington's new foreign policy, some fear that boys like Charles are running out of time.
Silence and Slaughter
Six years ago, South Sudan won its independence after more than two decades of civil war between the largely Muslim north and Christian south . But in late 2013, fighting between supporters of Kiir, a Dinka, and Machar, a Nuer, spiraled into a civil war that's now being fought largely along ethnic lines.
After a 2015 peace agreement, Kiir restored Machar as vice president in a short-lived unity government; peace evaporated in July when clashes between Kiir's and Machar's supporters broke out in the capital. Then, late last year, a U.S.-led effort to impose an arms embargo failed. At his last press conference before leaving office, President Barack Obama, whose administration played a key role in championing South Sudan's independence, told journalists he felt " responsible for murder and slaughter that's taken place" in the country.
Obama's predecessors, Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, also made the country—then still part of its northern neighbor—a priority, thanks to both Republicans and Democrats in Congress and the influence of Christian evangelical groups .
Since taking office in January, the new administration has yet to outline its Africa policy, let alone its thoughts on South Sudan. But the Trump team has hinted in a direction that doesn't bode well for Juba. A four-page list of questions the president's transition team submitted to the State Department suggests the White House is skeptical of international aid. Later, during her confirmation hearing in January, Nikki Haley, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., suggested that the new administration would review funding for peacekeeping missions, calling the one in South Sudan "terrible." In March, the budget the White House sent to Congress proposed cutting State Department funding by 28 percent.
"If [the president] is talking about cutting money from humanitarian accounts, then obviously they don't know what's taking place, or they don't care," Democratic Representative Barbara Lee of California said before the budget was released. "I'm not sure what it is."
There did appear to be a flicker of interest in South Sudan when a State Department spokesman in February said the U.S. was "gravely concerned " by the recent famine, calling it "man-made, the direct consequence of a conflict prolonged by South Sudanese leaders who are unwilling to put aside political ambitions for the good of their people." Which is in part why some observers still hope the Trump administration will make South Sudan a priority.
Another reason: religion. Part of what drove American lawmakers, like President George W. Bush, to support South Sudanese independence is that it's a predominantly Christian country, and several top officials in the Trump administration are Christians, including Vice President Mike Pence. "The vice president has connections to the church in the U.S., and they would be unified, I think, in pushing the United States to do something," says Andrew Natsios, a professor at the Bush School of Government at Texas A&M University and former special envoy to Sudan under Bush. "Pence could take this on as an issue."
A handful of Democrats in Congress are cautiously optimistic too. Among them: Mike Capuano, a representative from Massachusetts and co-chair of the bipartisan Congressional Caucus on South Sudan. "Do we stand for democracy? Do we allow people to slaughter each other in a genocide? Do we allow people to starve to death? I haven't heard anything from this administration that would indicate the answer to any of those questions is no," Capuano says. "America should have an interest in trying to stabilize the newest democracy in the world. Last I knew, 'America first' requires democratic friends."
Green Uniforms and AK-47s
As the war continues, however, human rights advocates worry more children like Charles will be forced to fight—and die. "If it goes on like this, we're going to see more and more children being recruited to fight," says Joseph Akech, a policy and advocacy director at Save the Children in South Sudan. "It is in everybody's interest to save these children. Otherwise, we will likely experience a lost generation."
In 2014, after the rebels forced Charles to join them, they gave him a gun and a green uniform (though never any pay). He slept on the ground, surrounded by other children, thinking of his mother and the sorghum porridge she used to make him. During the day, he learned how to march, how to patrol and how to shoot. "It was very hard to shoot the AK-47—it pulls me back and forward," Charles says. "They used to tell us to go and fight Dinka. I didn't want that because I thought that I could be killed too."
Charles often thought often about running away, but he felt a sense of loyalty to his commander and his fellow soldiers. But after a year with the rebels, Charles learned his commander had switched sides and joined the government. Feeling betrayed, he decided to escape, sneaking off with a friend and traveling to a U.N. protection camp in July.
Today, Charles misses his family. His father is living in a separate U.N. protection site in South Sudan, and his mother is in Kenya, where she fled after the war broke out. He would like to reunite with her and return to school. In the meantime, he is afraid, both of government spies who could find out he was with the rebels—and of the rebels themselves.
As he puts it: "I fear they can come and take me back." | <urn:uuid:b5f26db6-2a74-4dd0-843e-716cfa6c7810> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/south-sudan-children-are-being-forced-join-fight | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.976973 | 1,586 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Alfred Russell Wallace honoured by statue and new wasp genustags: evolution, Alfred Russel Wallace
The 100th anniversary of the death of Alfred Russel Wallace, the "forgotten hero" who co-discovered evolution, is being marked today in London.
The first ever statue of the naturalist will be unveiled at the Natural History Museum by Sir David Attenborough.
A new wasp genus - Wallaceaphytis - has been named in honour of the man who has been in Darwin's shadow ever since they co-published their theory in 1858.
The wasp was discovered in Borneo, where Wallace carried out his research....
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- Did a historian who said he’s a victim of McCarthyism get the story wrong?
- Stephanie Coontz’s work on the history of marriage cited by the Supreme Court.
- NYT History Book Reviews: Who Got Noticed this Week?
- David Hackett Fischer wins $100,000 prize for lifetime achievement in military writing | <urn:uuid:9342d4bc-cb8a-42eb-a8ae-36d15c1e2df3> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153885 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096780.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00018-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94161 | 216 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Will your cell phone cause cancer?
That’s the question Consumer Reports recently attempted to answer.
The magazine points out that the medical community is divided, but public opinion is pretty clear. Most people are not concerned about cell phone radiation or limiting their exposure to it.
(A) Consumer Reports survey (found) only 5 percent (of respondents) said they were very concerned about the radiation from cell phones, and less than half took steps to limit their exposure to it.
This is, of course, despite the manufacturer warnings that come with your cell phone. Though, it is likely that the people surveyed never saw those warnings. They are pretty hard to find.
Assuming you haven’t seen them, here are excerpts from a few:
Blackberry – “Use hands-free operation if it is available and keep the smartphone at least 15 mm (0.59 inches) from your body (including the abdomen of pregnant women and the lower abdomen of teenagers) when the smartphone is turned on and connected to the wireless network.”
iPhone – “To reduce exposure to RF energy, use a hands-free option, such as the built-in speakerphone, the supplied headphones or other similar accessories.
LG – “To comply with FCC RF exposure requirements, a minimum separation distance of 0.6 inches (1.5 cm) must be maintained between the user’s body and the back of the phone.”
Motorola – “… keep the mobile device and its antenna at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from your body when transmitting.”
These warnings are based on each phone’s Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values. Per the FCC, SAR is a measure of the rate of RF (radiofrequency) energy absorption by the body. Though it is important to note that a lower SAR does not necessarily mean a “safer” phone.
Almost all of the cell phone manufacturers also add a caveat to their warning that states something to the effect of “accessories or cell phone cases may cause your mobile device to exceed RF energy exposure guidelines.”
In other words, your case may be making your phone work harder to find a signal, thus exceeding the legal radiation limits.
As a consumer reporter, I’ve read the warnings and covered the controversy.
As a Gen Y/Millennial who grew up with a cell phone in my hand, I admittedly have a digital addiction, and thus have long disregarded most of the warnings.
As a new mom, however, I have begun to make some modest changes based on what I’ve learned while reporting on the topic. (See “Why I Chose To Ban Cell Phones From The Bedroom.”)
What I’ve learned is that we simply don’t know enough.
The Consumer Reports article “Does Cell-Phone Radiation Cause Cancer?” does a fabulous job of explaining and summarizing the existing research and arguments on both sides.
Consumer Reports believes cell phone manufacturers need to provide more prominent warnings to help people reduce their risk of exposure. That is something the cell phone industry has been vehemently opposed to, though the tides may be turning.
CTIA – The Wireless Association recently lost a law suit that tried to stop the City of Berkeley, CA, from posting the following cell phone radiation warning in all cell phone stores.
To assure safety, the Federal Government requires that cell phones meet radio frequency (RF) exposure guidelines. If you carry or use your phone in a pants or shirt pocket or tucked into a bra when the phone is ON and connected to a wireless network, you may exceed the federal guidelines for exposure to RF radiation.
This potential risk is greater for children.Refer to the instructions in your phone or user manual for information about how to use your phone safely.
– Berkeley, CA, Cell Phone Ordinance
The judge upheld the city ordinance citing FCC research and a “reasonable scientific basis” to believe cell phones do present some health risks.
However, Berkeley had to remove a line in the warning that stated children could be at greater risk. The judge noted it was still a “matter of scientific debate.”
However, Consumer Reports says it agrees with the concerns raised by the American Academy of Pediatrics and believes the FCC needs to revise its guidelines to take into account the impact of cell phone radiation on children (existing research suggests their thinner skulls may absorb more radiation).
“The evidence so far doesn’t prove that cell phones cause cancer, and we definitely need more and better research,” says Michael Hansen, Ph.D., a senior scientist at Consumer Reports. “But we feel that the research does raise enough questions that taking some common-sense precautions when using your cell phone can make sense.”
Specifically, CR recommends these steps:
Try to keep the phone away from your head and body. That is particularly important when the cellular signal is weak—when your phone has only one bar, for example—because phones may increase their power then to compensate.
Text or video call when possible.
When speaking, use the speaker phone on your device or a hands-free headset.
Don’t stow your phone in your pants or shirt pocket. Instead, carry it in a bag or use a belt clip.
Have you read your cell phone manufacturer’s RF guidelines?
Has it impacted the way you use your phone? | <urn:uuid:54aa626b-14d6-4911-935e-21ac2444f6cf> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.newsmom.com/cell-phone-cause-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510300.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927135227-20230927165227-00772.warc.gz | en | 0.939996 | 1,132 | 2.84375 | 3 |
When people in Pennsylvania think about injuries occurring at work they may begin thinking about broken bones, sprains, pulled muscles and other injuries along those lines. However, there are many other types of injuries that people can suffer in the workplace. Some of these injuries are also something that occur over time and do not necessarily occur due to one single accident. Exposure to certain chemicals over time can cause diseases and exposure to loud sounds can lead to hearing loss.
Hearing loss is something that can happen when people work in environments in which there are loud noises occurring throughout the day. So, it is not something people think about all the time because it is something that slowly gets worse over time. However, people may be entitled to workers’ compensation for occupational hearing loss just like other injuries that people suffer in single accidents.
In order to receive compensation though the worker must be able to show that the hearing loss was due to conditions at work and not attributable to other factors outside of work. The length of time one could receive compensation depends on the degree of hearing loss the person suffered.
Compensation for permanent hearing loss due to long-term exposure is determined by multiplying the percentage of hearing loss suffered by 260 weeks. If the hearing loss is caused by a singular event or due to another injury such as a head injury, then the length is determined by multiplying the percentage of hearing loss by sixty weeks if it affects one ear and by 260 weeks if both ears are affected. The worker would then earn two-thirds of the income for that number of weeks determined by the formulas above.
There are many workers in Pennsylvania who work around heavy machinery and other loud noises. Over time exposure to these loud sounds may damage the workers’ hearing and cause hearing loss. If this occurs the workers may be entitled to workers’ compensation benefits. Experienced attorneys understand both the importance of the compensation and complexities of these cases. Consulting one could be beneficial. | <urn:uuid:4b34942f-2deb-444d-869e-642c97fd13e6> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.lgkg.com/blog/2018/10/people-may-receive-workers-compensation-for-hearing-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347410745.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531023023-20200531053023-00335.warc.gz | en | 0.973888 | 389 | 2.625 | 3 |
Breck et al, IJCAI 2007
From ScribbleWiki: Analysis of Social Media
Identifying Expressions of Opinion in Context
The paper can be found here.
This paper tries to solve the problem of identification of opinion expressions from text. They follow the categorization of two kinds of opinion expressions in text in previous work. Direct Subjective Expression (DSE) that are spans of text that explicitly express an attitude or opinion. In contrast, Expressive Subjective Elements (ESE) are spans of text that indicate a degree of subjectivity on the part of the speaker. The authors treat the task of identifying opinion expressions as a tagging task and they use CRFs to handle this problem.
There are several problems of identifying opinion expressions in text. The expression can often vary in length ranging from one to twenty words. They may be verb phrases, noun phrases or strings of words that do not correspond to one linguistic constituent. Sometimes, an expression may or may not be subjective depending on its context. They used IO encoding, i.e. for each token in the text, they determined whether the token is inside a subjective opinion expression or not. Consecutive 'I' tagged tokens would suggest a contiguous opinion expression.
The various features used in the model were:
- Lexical Features: A window of 4 words to the left of the concerned token and 4 to the right were selected. For each of the positions in the window, there was a feature. Thus about 18000 (vocabulary size) features per position were encoded.
- Syntactic Features: POS tag of the token was considered as a feature. Also the current, previous and the next syntactic constituent type given by a parser was considered as a feature.
- Dictionary Based Features: A Wordnet based feature was included that were synsets which are hypernyms of the current token. A total of 29,989 features many of whom may be one for a given token. A verb categorization feature was also included that derived the verb type from framenet. Strong or weak cues were also considered as a feature.
Like the penultimate paper whose summary I wrote, the MPQA corpus was used for experiments. It contains 535 newswire documents annotated with variety of annotations of interest. All the DSEs and ESEs in the document were manually annotated. 135 documents were used for development and 5 fold cross validation was used to evaluate the system. Precision, Recall and F-Measure were the evaluation measures. As a baseline, two dictionaries of subjectivity clues identified by previous work were used to match a set of tokens containing some subjective opinion expression.
From the results, it is clear that for both DSEs and ESEs, the system outperforms the baseline.
This paper is interesting in that it gets results that are within 5% of human inter-annotator agreement and shows direction towards question answering systems that are not factoid, and would answer questions like who expressed what kind of an opinion about a subject matter. | <urn:uuid:ba8ad63e-62a0-437f-88cd-f143260b6d67> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wcohen/10-802/fixed/Breck_et_al%2C_IJCAI_2007.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957629 | 620 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Translating words into English
from a language
which uses a different alphabet
is a difficult prospect
. You take a word which may be a very basic word
, but since English may not have the same letters
s as the original language, the new spelling is really a best-guess approximation
This has always been an issue for me. Growing up Jewish in a predominately Christian nation was difficult at times, and most Americans don't speak or even read Hebrew, believe it or not! So words get translated, or transliterated, into English in such a fashion that they're pronounced correctly. Since English allows for many different words which are pronounced the same way, there are many different "correct" spellings of transliterated words. This is why you see several different spellings of Hanukah every winter; I would give the correct one here, but I don't know how to display Hebrew in html.
The result of all this, however, is that words from ancient or non-English alphabets often get spelled according to a whim. There are academic standards used in transliteration, but multiple standards exist, and their use varies by locale or group membership. In addition, non-academics usually are unfamiliar with these standards and must make up their own. Therefore, if someone doesn't spell one of these words the same way you did, they may still be justified. | <urn:uuid:84587f58-cce5-4527-9ebb-7869bbb3d15e> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://m.everything2.com/title/The+difficulty+of+spelling+words+from+other+languages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986677412.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018005539-20191018033039-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.972818 | 289 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Located near the Kennebec River off Cedar Grove Road, the original site of Fort Shirley, the Pownalborough Courthouse is the only existing courthouse building in Maine built before the American Revolution. During the building’s long history it served not only as a courthouse, but also as a residence, church, tavern, dancing school, and post office. Initially erected as the residence of Major Samuel Goodwin, agent of the Plymouth Company and commander of Fort Shirley, his descendants occupied the building for over 200 years. Among the famous Americans associated with courthouse were John Adams (at the time attorney for the Plymouth Company), Robert Treat Paine (signer of the Declaration of Independence), Benedict Arnold, and William Cushing, an attorney at the Pownalborough Courthouse in 1775 whom President George Washington later appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
The Kennebec Proprietors commissioned the courthouse on the occasion of the founding of Lincoln County in 1760. The simple Georgian courthouse was designed and built by Boston architect Gersham Flagg, who was himself a Proprietor and had previously designed Fort Western in Augusta. Begun in 1761, the three-story building was not fully finished until 1769. The five-bay, hipped-roof, wooden (originally shingled) structure measures 45 feet long and 44 feet wide. Almost all the boards used in the courthouse construction are 18 by 20 inches wide. The courtroom, 45 feet long and 20 feet wide, is located on the second floor. Although originally designed as a single courtroom with boxes and benches, as built it was divided into two rooms. The first floor accommodated not only family residential space, but also a tavern, and the third floor provided commodious additional living quarters. In total there were 12 rooms, four on each floor and each measuring 18 x 18 feet, located on either side of a central hall. Each room was heated by a fireplace connected to one of two large end chimneys. Two of the first-floor fireplaces were especially large.
Few changes have been made to the courthouse. A one-story ell was added in the nineteenth century and an old carriage house—in fair condition—sits a few yards from the house; the large barn that once sat 80 yards from the house was demolished in the 1960s. Over time the interior was covered with lathe and plaster, but no electrical fixtures or modern heating were ever installed. When the Lincoln County Courthouse and Historical Association purchased the courthouse in 1954 they stripped the interior and restored it to its original state. The present white-clapboarded building is now a museum.
Briggs, John W., “Pownalborough Courthouse,” Lincoln County, Maine. National Register of Historic Places-Inventory, Nomination Form, 1969. National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D.C.
Taylor, Alan. Liberty Men and Great Proprietor: The Revolutionary Settlement of the Maine Frontier, 1760-1820.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. | <urn:uuid:8be848d8-1bf9-4cca-93f7-068b1582088e> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/ME-01-015-0042 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662601401.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526035036-20220526065036-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.969392 | 638 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Question: Is a curved Menorah kosher for Hanukkah?
Answer: A round Hanukkiyah, even if the candles are not exactly at the same level, is kosher.
The ninth candle - the Shammash - should be a significantly higher level because it isn't counted into the eight. The purpose of the Shammash is to provide light during the burning of the candles, just in case someone accidentally forgets and uses the light of the Hanukkah Menorah for a secular purpose, e.g. sewing or reading.
The ruling that a curved Hanukkah Menorah is kosher is based upon a teaching of Rava that recalls when a Hanukkah lamp could have had oil and multiple wicks. So long as the bowl of oil was covered with separate openings for each wick, then one could use the one lamp. Such a lamp would clearly be circular. | <urn:uuid:d9f82fb7-86b2-4d66-b16b-728da792ef60> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://judaism.about.com/od/chanuka1/f/hanukkiah_round.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500835822.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021355-00427-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965581 | 187 | 2.78125 | 3 |
- Printout of the prepared material
It is known that all children learn more easily through play! That's why this year the craft we prepared for Easter is a basket full of eggs!
Print the basket and cut the eggs together with your little ones. For the little ones it is a great opportunity to learn the colors while for the older ones it is the perfect exercise for using the scissors and to practice counting up to 10 or up to 20, adding and subtracting but also learning a new vocabulary such as "more than", "less than", "add", "subtract" etc.
Our Easter basket with the colorful eggs is the perfect craft that happily combines the game with learning simple math! | <urn:uuid:9b301ac4-7ac9-4cdb-805d-cc224ce93ab4> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.alexandfriends.gr/en/easter/basket-with-easter-eggs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030336880.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001163826-20221001193826-00086.warc.gz | en | 0.945836 | 153 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Artist's impression of the Jason-3 satellite
|Mission type||Earth orbiter|
|Website||Ocean Surface Topography from Space|
|Mission duration||5 years (design)|
|Manufacturer||Thales Alenia Space|
|Launch mass||525 kg|
|Start of mission|
|Launch date||January 17, 2016 18:42:18GMT (planned)|
|Rocket||Falcon 9 v1.1|
|Launch site||Vandenberg SLC-4E|
Jason-3 is an international Earth observation satellite mission that continues the sea surface height measurements begun in 1992 by the joint NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon mission, followed by the NASA/CNES Jason-1 mission launched in 2001 and Jason-2 mission in 2008.
Jason-3 was originally planned for launch on July 22, 2015. However, this date was pushed back to August 19 following the discovery of contamination in one of the satellites thrusters, requiring the thruster to be replaced and further inspected. The launch was further delayed following the failure of a Falcon 9 rocket on the SpaceX CRS-7 mission. The satellite is currently scheduled for launch on January 17, 2016, aboard the final Falcon 9 v1.1 rocket.
The science objectives for Jason-3 are:
- Extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements beyond TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 to accomplish two decades of observations
- Provide a minimum of three years of global ocean surface topography measurement
- Determine the variability of ocean circulation at decadal time scales from combined data record of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1
- Improve the measure of the time-averaged ocean circulation
- Improve the measure of global sea-level change
- Improve open ocean tide models
The satellite is built around a Proteus satellite bus, built by Thales Alenia Space under contract from CNES. A pair of deployable, tracking solar arrays supply a total of 580 watts of power. Four hydrazine monopropellant thrusters are used for orbital maneuvering. Attitude control is provided by reaction wheels, with magnetorquers used to periodically despin the wheels. Jason-3 weighs about 525 kg at launch, with a dry mass of 500 kg.
Jason-3 carries five main instruments. The primary instrument is the Poseidon-3B Altimeter, which is derived from the Poseidon-3 carried on Jason-2. The other main instruments are Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), Advanced Microwave Radiometer-2 (AMR-2), Global Positioning System Payload (GPSP), and Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA). Two additional "passenger instruments" are carried as part of the Joint Radiation Experiment. These are CARMEN-3 (Characterization and Modeling of Environment), which measures charged particle flux, and Light Particle Telescope (LPT), which measures radiation and charged particles.
- "What is Jason-3?". NOAA.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Jason Rhian. "Thruster contamination on NOAA's Jason-3 satellite forces delay". Spaceflight Insider.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Stephen Clark (June 18, 2015). "Jason 3 satellite shipped to Vandenberg for SpaceX launch". Spaceflight Now.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- "Jason-3 Spacecraft & Instruments". Spaceflight 101. Retrieved January 6, 2016.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- "Spacecraft". NOAA.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> | <urn:uuid:f5a87a6d-2377-4cba-9060-c3261c4ad4a4> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | http://www.infogalactic.com/info/Jason-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370503664.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331181930-20200331211930-00540.warc.gz | en | 0.766386 | 867 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Trains will travel at 380 MPH
HONOLULU, Hawaii -- In a press conference held here today, WorldLink Rail Services announced its intentions to link California and Hawaii by rail. In an extraordinarily bold and costly undertaking, the company says that it expects to complete construction of a rail line between San Francisco and Honolulu within two years and begin daily passenger and freight service between the mainland and the island shortly thereafter.
"The key to rail travel over the ocean," said Martha VanderSchuller, spokeswoman for WorldLink, "is Rail Airbag Flotation Technology, or RAFT. This technology is a simple yet sophisticated system of rails laid over airbags. Each airbag is nine meters long by two meters wide and supports one section of track. Each airbag is equipped with a sensor that determines its relative elevation to its neighboring airbags then adjusts to compensate for wave action and the weight of the train as it approaches and rides over the airbag."
According to company literature, computer controls sense the location of the train and adjust the track to within .004 degrees of level in seas up to 38 feet. The level track, along with canards that are attached to the sides of the engine and passenger cars, allows the train to travel at an average speed of 382 miles per hour in winds of up to 52 miles per hour.
WorldLink recently completed a year-long demonstration test of train travel across Lake Ontario between Toronto and Niagara-On-The-Lake. VanderSchuller noted that the system operated flawlessly in that test and that track interface problems transitioning to and from the land have been resolved.
The company did not indicate what the price of a ticket would be. | <urn:uuid:3f59e030-ce6c-4b7c-ab84-624060445c75> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.errtravel.com/auto-and-rail/rail-service-will-link.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698540975.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170900-00073-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950052 | 344 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Scientists have discovered what some are calling the “real life” SpongeBob and Patrick: from the timeless and beloved Nickelodeon cartoon “SpongeBob SquarePants.”
The characters, a yellow sea sponge with buck teeth and a pinheaded pink starfish, have been on television for more than two decades.
HOW TO REDUCE THE RISK OF A SHARK ATTACK
So, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Retriever Seamount – a remotely-operated deep-sea vehicle – caught the pair sitting side-by-side in the Atlantic Ocean, it was hard for Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History marine biologist Christopher Mah not to make the comparison.
“I normally avoid these refs..but WOW. REAL LIFE Sponge bob and Patrick! #Okeanos Retriever seamount 1885 m,” Mah tweeted on Tuesday.
“I thought it would be funny to make the comparison, which for once was actually kind of comparable to the iconic images/colors of the cartoon characters,” Mah told Business Insider on Wednesday. “As a biologist who specializes in sea stars, most depictions of Patrick and SpongeBob are incorrect.”
Mah noted to the publication that the pink Chondraster star was likely hoping to eat the Hertwigia sponge, instead of teaming up to sell chocolate bars to residents of Bikini Bottom.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC RECOGNIZES SOUTHERN OCEAN AS FIFTH OCEAN
He later posted an image from the 2013 Okeaanos North Atlantic canyons expedition showing a Chondraster feeding on a sponge.
The ROVs are a part of NOAA’s month-long 2021 North Atlantic Stepping Stones: New England and Corner Rise Seamounts expedition, during which the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer would gather information about unknown and poorly understood deepwater areas off the East Coast.
“During this expedition, at-sea and shore-based science teams will work together to map the seafloor and observe many targeted sites in this region for the first time,” the agency said of the telepresence-enabled mission. “Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives are planned from July 2 to July 28, at depths ranging from 250 to 4,000 meters (820 to 13,124 feet).”
Scientists have been stationed on land and at sea to observe regions including deep-sea coral and sponge communities, fish habitats, areas predicted to have high levels of marine mineral accretion, deep seamount flanks and guyot summits, ridge seamounts, ecosystems of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument, and other unexplored areas in the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts.
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NOAA planned a total of 25 ROV dive missions – both during the day and at night – before wrapping its expedition on Thursday.
The expedition will also contribute to NOAA’s Atlantic Seafloor Partnership for Integrated Research and Exploration (ASPIRE), a longterm, multinational collaborative field program “focused on raising collective knowledge and understanding of the North Atlantic.” | <urn:uuid:6ce24e99-16d6-499e-bb83-c7424608c23e> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://vigourtimes.com/scientists-find-a-real-life-patrick-and-spongebob-in-ocean-expedition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944452.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322211955-20230323001955-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.913204 | 679 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A discussion section is an essential part of any PhD dissertation or thesis. In this chapter, students need to provide a detailed interpretation of the data they have gathered in the process of their investigation and discuss the research results, taking into account all the limitations of their study. Many students face difficulties when working on this part of their dissertation where they need to demonstrate strong analytical and critical thinking skills and to prove that their study has made a contribution to the existing research in their field. In this article, you will find some useful tips on how to write a convincing discussion section that can help you cope with this challenging task. You can also get professional assistance with writing a discussion section if you hire a writer on our website.
Objectives and structure of a discussion section
The aim of writing a discussion section is to interpret and evaluate the results and analyze how they help to answer the research question or prove the hypothesis. Besides, you have to justify your approach and explain how it relates to the literature review. When making argument, you should focus on explaining what the findings mean, why they matter, what they can’t tell us, and what approaches you recommend for further studies and practice.
Keep in mind that a discussion chapter is always connected to the introduction because it relates to the research question or hypothesis you formulated and the literature you reviewed. But you can’t just repeat what you have said in the first chapter of the paper. You must clearly explain how your study contributes to advance the reader’s understanding of the problem from where you left them when you reviewed the existing literature.
There are different ways to write this chapter and the structure of discussion section may vary in different fields of study but typically it includes the following elements:
- summary of the key findings;
- discussion of the findings;
- limitations and weaknesses of the study;
- principal implications for practice;
- recommendations for further investigation;
You can use these elements headings for organizing content in your discussion section.
Summary of the Key Findings
This part must be started by restating the research problem and summarizing your findings briefly. Your task here isn't to repeat the data that was already mentioned but state clear results that provide an answer to the main research question of your work. Remember this part shouldn’t be longer than just one paragraph.
Use the examples below:
- The data demonstrates us that…
- The received results confirm…
- The study shows that…
- The analysis indicates...
Discussion of the Findings and Interpretations
Of course, the received results may be obvious and understandable to you, but your main task in the results section is to explain their importance to your readers and mention how these results help to answer the research question.
Depending on the type of your research, the form of interpretations can be different, but here are some approaches you can use to interpret your data:
- Define patterns, correlations, and relationship in the received data
- Analyze if the received data meets the research expectations and supports your hypotheses
- Show how your findings are connected with previous research on this subject
- Explain any unexpected data and evaluate their importance for your research
- Consider alternative explanations and make an argument for your own position
It’s possible to make a discussion around hypotheses, research questions, and key themes. You can use the same structure as the results section. It’s also possible to start by highlighting the most important or unexpected data you have received.
Limitations of the Study
Any kind of research has its limitations. You need to acknowledge them to demonstrate the credibility of your work. Remember that limitations are not showing your mistakes but providing a clear picture of what your research can and cannot conclude.
Limitations may appear due to your research methodology, design, or other obstacles that occurred during the process of research. Your main goal here is just state limitations relevant to your research and define an impact they had on reaching the goals of your research.
For example, if you experienced some problems when gathering or analyzing your data, you have to describe them and mention their influence on your research results.
When you’ve mentioned your limitations, you have to explain why the received data is still valid and answers your research question completely.
Use these examples:
- Due to the limited generalizability, the results cannot confirm…
- The data reliability is impacted by…
- The choice of research methodology was limited by...
- The research results were limited…
Principal Implications for Practice
In your work, you need not only give your interpretations but also relate your received data back to the previous research you have mentioned in the literature review section. Your discussion must reflect how your results fit with existing data, what new things they bring, and how they impact the current theory. We recommend asking the following questions:
- Do the results fit previous research? What can they add to this research?
- Are the received results different from other research? If yes, what’s the reason for it?
- Do the received data challenge or confirm the theory?
- Does your study have any implications for practice?
Here your main goal is to explain to your readers what your work contributed and why it has importance.
Recommendations for Further Investigation
You can give recommendations for further investigation based on the discussion of your results. Sometimes these recommendations can be given in the conclusion of your research.
We suggest viewing your limitations to make direct recommendations for further research. Don’t just write that it’s possible to make more investigations but give clear and concrete recommendations on how future research can be made on those parts where your work was unable to investigate.
- Future investigations should take into consideration…
- Further research may be provided to investigate...
How to write a discussion section of a dissertation - general rules
- You can only discuss findings that are covered in your results chapter.
- Write this section using the present tense, especially when discussing the established facts.
- Be clear and concise – focus on argument that helps to answer your research question or supports the hypothesis; avoid discussing distracting issues.
- Be logical – explain the significance of your findings, following the sequence you used when describing them in the results chapter.
- Write in simple language; try to avoid overusing jargon and undefined technical language.
- Make sure you cite all sources to avoid plagiarism.
8 Useful tips on writing a strong discussion
- Organize your argument from general to specific. First, you should link your findings to the existing literature, then relate them to a specific theory, and finally, explain their connection to practice, if it’s appropriate. It’s important to be consistent and use the same key terms, definitions, and the style of narration which were used in your introduction.
- Restate your research problem and briefly summarize your major findings which directly answer your research questions. Don’t forget to mention the key methods you used during the investigation.
- Explain your findings and discuss their significance for your field. Integrate them with theoretical background. When interpreting data, you can use such approaches as identifying patterns, correlations, principles, and relationships between major findings; discussing whether your findings support your hypothesis; considering alternative explanations of findings. If there are some unexpected findings, analyze them and try to interpret why you believe they appeared.
- Discuss how your results fit with previous research and existing knowledge. Tell how your results relate to findings found in other studies (compare and contrast them). Your goal is to show readers what new insights your investigation has contributed.
- It’s crucial to acknowledge limitations of your research to be credible. Tell about issues and questions which were not addressed in your study. Comment if they may affect the validity of your study’s findings.
- Speak about implications of your results and explain why you think they are significant for supporting broader knowledge.
- Give recommendations for possible research based on your results. Your suggestions may be also based on certain limitations. You should be highly specific and provide concrete ideas on how future research can address certain issues your investigation was not able to cover.
Problems to avoid
There are some common mistakes you should avoid when writing this dissertation chapter.
- Never introduce and discuss new results – speak about those which were reported previously.
- Avoid speculations and conclusions which are not supported by data.
- Don’t emphasize weaknesses of your study or your failures – discuss limitations to boost credibility.
As you see writing a discussion section of a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming process that requires dedication and a lot of hard work. Not only you must present major results of your research in a convincing manner, but you must also demonstrate that your study has a real value and contributes to theory your field. You should show that your research is original and make an effort to convince the committee to approve your dissertation. You have to provide a strong argument fully supported by lots of credible data and related to existing knowledge in your subject.
Think it’s too challenging for you and are afraid to fail? Don’t worry. If you are stuck with writing a discussion section or any other dissertation chapter, talented writers from our professional dissertation writing service are ready to help you at every stage of the writing process. You can ask them write a powerful sample dissertation or any chapter of your document. We can help you edit and proofread the paper you have completed yourself as well. Don’t hesitate to contact us and get easy solutions to all your writing problems. | <urn:uuid:e6cadcd2-eb32-430f-9b59-0c8ef2f4f192> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://dissertationauthors.com/blog/how-to-write-discussion-section | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400190270.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200919044311-20200919074311-00013.warc.gz | en | 0.940391 | 1,952 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Science maps fetus's entire genome from single vial of mother's blood
By Sharon Begley, ReutersNEW YORK--The days of pregnant women having a 3-inch-long (8-centimeter-long) hollow needle jabbed into their abdomens may be numbered.
July 9, 2012, 12:03 am TWN
For the second time in a month, scientists have announced that a simple blood test, rather than more invasive tests such as amniocentesis, can determine a fetus's genetic make-up, identifying mutations causing any of about 3,000 inherited disorders that arise from a glitch in a single gene, such as cystic fibrosis.
Unlike a procedure unveiled last month, the one announced on July 4 in the journal Nature can be done without knowing who the father is, much less obtaining a sample of his DNA. Since paternity is unknown or incorrect in an estimated 3 to 10 percent of births in the United States, the father-free method promises to make fetal DNA sequencing possible in every pregnancy, if hurdles including cost and accuracy are overcome.
“We're really on the verge of an enormous increase in our ability to understand what an infant will be like,” said Dr. Michael Katz, a senior adviser to the March of Dimes, a foundation that supports research on pregnancy and birth defects. Katz was not involved in the study. “You'll be able to detect any kind of abnormality early, quickly, without distress and safely. This is the way of the future.”
Determining a fetus's genome might give women more reasons to end a pregnancy. But it would also let physicians identify conditions that can be treated before birth or immediately after, said Stephen Quake of Stanford University in California, who led the new study: “The way it's done now, parents wait until a newborn gets sick and suffers in the first weeks of life, and only then does the doctor start figuring out the baby has a metabolic or immune disorder.”
With prenatal genetic testing, in contrast, the parents would know by the end of the first trimester (12 to 13 weeks) if the fetus has a genetic or chromosomal defect. That way, they can be ready if the baby has special needs, which can be as simple as a certain diet.
Knowing so early that something has gone wrong might also allow physicians to treat a fetus. Prenatal surgery, introduced 30 years ago, is currently performed at a few specialized hospitals to correct just a few heart, bladder or other defects.
“Now we can challenge our colleagues in surgery and pharmacology,” said Quake. “We'll soon be able to diagnose all these genetic disorders; what are you going to do about them?”
Knowing every detail of a fetus's genome could open the door to more controversial steps, however. In China and India, parents use ultrasound for sex selection, aborting 1.3 million to 1.6 million female fetuses every year, according to estimates in a 2011 study in the journal Lancet and a 2009 study in the World Bank Economic Review. Even though personality, character and appearance are not determined by single genes like those the new fetal genetic testing can identify, that might not stop parents from aborting fetuses whose genes they don't like.
Today, most prenatal genetic tests are done through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). For an amnio, done at 15 to 18 weeks gestation, a physician uses a hollow needle to remove a small sample of amniotic fluid; a lab then analyzes the fetal cells in it. In CVS, done at 10 to 12 weeks, a needle through the abdomen or cervix harvests cells from the placenta.
Both procedures have significant drawbacks, experts say. Amnio poses a 1-in-400 risk of miscarriage. And both amnio and CVS can be used for only a couple of genetic tests, said Stanford bioethicist Hank Greely. About 1 to 2 percent of pregnant women in the United States have amnio or CVS.
The new study is based on the fact that a pregnant woman's blood contains millions of DNA fragments. Most are from her own cells. But early in pregnancy, 5 to 10 percent are from her fetus. Unfortunately, it's not possible to tell directly which is the mother's DNA and which is the baby's. | <urn:uuid:9c412d32-3fa8-4573-be1f-454fb9f4e2bf> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.chinapost.com.tw/life/science-&-technology/2012/07/09/346892/Science-maps.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999654315/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060734-00020-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951893 | 906 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Latin and Ballroom Dancing
|Course Name||Latin and Ballroom Dancing|
|Description||The students will learn the basic steps and a few variations of four International Ballroom dances (Cha Cha Cha, Rumba, Jive and Samba), and three Latin Dances (Salsa, Merengue and Bachata). The material will also include the history and cultural background of the dances.
Dances are learned as a communication skill-set, similar to a language, which contribute to personal and interpersonal development. The students will learn a variety of social skills related to behaviour in a formal or semi-formal and social environment, such as a ball, dinner-dance, and business gatherings that include dancing. As part of this course, the students will be required to research, analyze and present information regarding the history and cultural background of the dances taught.
|Notes||School of Advancement|
|Section||Cost||Semester||Start Date||End Date||Meeting Times||Campus|
|There are no sections for this course at this time.|
|Legend for Days
M - Monday T - Tuesday W - Wednesday R - Thursday F - Friday S - Saturday U - Sunday
TBA - To Be Announced | <urn:uuid:b06690a5-c1fe-463f-8e39-b7b97da4bd01> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://db2.centennialcollege.ca/ce/coursedetail.php?CourseCode=GNED-199 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400189264.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918221856-20200919011856-00298.warc.gz | en | 0.837349 | 259 | 2.75 | 3 |
Hey there readers! Now that it’s April, we will be celebrating National Poetry Month in conjunction with the fact that it’s finally springtime! This week I present a beautiful bilingual book that perfectly encapsulates these two themes: Laughing Tomatoes: And Other Spring Poems/Jitomates risuenos: y otros poemas de primavera written by Francisco Alarcón and illustrated by Maya Christina Gonzalez.
Here is a description from Goodreads:
Tomatoes laugh, chiles explode, and tortillas applaud the sun! With joy and tenderness, delight and sadness, Alcarcon’s poems honor the wonders of life and nature: welcoming the morning sun, remembering his grandmother’s songs, paying tribute to children working in the fields, and sharing his dream of a world filled with gardens. Artist Maya Christina Gonzalez invites us to experience the poems with her lively cast of characters including a spirited grandma, four vivacious children, and playful pets who tease and delight. Follow them from page to page as they bring each poem to colorful life. Laughing Tomatoes and Other Spring Poems is a verbal and visual treat, giving us twenty opportunities to see everything for the first time.
The book celebrates an appreciation of nature’s resources: a boy wakes up to the morning sun warming his bed, there is an ode to corn, and a prayer for a fallen tree. There is a poem about strawberries that recognizes children who work in the fields, followed by a poem that describes how the children planted an oak tree “more bountiful with time” that had “open arms for grown up’s and children” with the features and spirit of Cesar Chavez, planted on his birthday.
The pages are filled with joy and vibrancy; the characters are always in motion, swinging, jumping, dancing, planting, and singing. As is made apparent by the title, laughing is a major element of the story, and it creates a playful and happy tone. The reader sees smiles all around, including from the animals and even the green grassy hills!
The story highlights the importance of family and ancestral wisdom in the poems “Roots,” “My Grandma’s Songs,” and “Other Voices.” The book ends optimistically, with the children dreaming that “no school or church was without a garden” and “people greeted each other with flowers.” The author’s afterword includes a beautiful metaphor describing how a collection of poetry is like a tomato plant, “from a small seed it sprouts, then grows and grows…they need good care and tending…and grow in many forms and shapes.”
He also writes that “Poetry is about life, family, community…poems are really incomplete until someone reads them. Then they come alive and start dancing in the imagination.” He encourages his readers to make the poems in this book their own, and insists that they belong to the reader as much as to him.
On the very last page is a poem that refers to a common worldview amongst Latin American, particular indigenous, communities: the idea that time is cyclical. Titled “Universal Spiral,” it reads: “there are no endings // just new beginnings.” This profoundly effects readers by allowing them to see that even as the book has ended, it has only begun to inspire their imagination and encourages them to continue to think about the aspects of the story.
This is a very positive book for students because it encourages them to be responsible to and grateful for the natural environment. It portrays gardening as a fun activity that allows people to connect with the earth as well as with their ancestors. It reminds them of the origin of food, the labor that goes into it, and the beauty behind all that it takes to be made. The power of poetry and language is highlighted throughout the book and in the afterword, which can inspire students to create their own poetry and perhaps start a garden of their own.
Here are some additional resources to expand the discussion:
- A teacher’s guide to accompany the book that also includes some of Alarcón’s other work as part of Children’s Book Press, including the The Magical Cycle of the Seasons poetry series.
- An interview from Writers’ Sanctuary with Francisco X. Alarcón and the book’ illustrator, Maya Christina Gonzalez.
- To learn more about the author, watch another interview and see his other work, check out this “meet the author” post from Colorín Colorado
Images: Modified from Laughing Tomatoes: And Other Spring Poems/Jitomates risuenos: y otros poemas de primavera. Illustrated by: Maya Christina Gonzalez. | <urn:uuid:f1fe7a70-3ed2-4543-8ac8-75366610806f> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://teachinglatinamericathroughliterature.wordpress.com/2015/04/13/mira-look-laughing-tomatoes-and-other-spring-poemsjitomates-risuenos-y-otros-poemas-de-primavera/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160568.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924145620-20180924170020-00027.warc.gz | en | 0.954072 | 999 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Aortic Atherosclerosis (Older Lesion)
The thickening and hardening of the arteries known as atherosclerosis is a condition that usually affects the medium- and large-sized arteries of the body. The largest blood vessel, the aorta, which extends form the left ventricle of the heart and supplies oxygenated blood to all of bodys tissue via its many branches, is no exception. When severely affected by atherosclerosis, the flow of blood through the aorta can be hindered and oxygen deficiency (ischemia) or gangrene can develop. Atherosclerosis is also the primary underlying cause of heart attacks, strokes, and aortic aneurysms, which are blood-filled dilations of the vessel wall. The rupture of an aneurysm can be deadly due to the hemorrhaging it causes. | <urn:uuid:72b2d302-671c-4f59-829b-bcb79ad9610c> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.microscopyu.com/gallery-images/aortic-atherosclerosis-older-lesion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505826.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401161832-20200401191832-00403.warc.gz | en | 0.929111 | 175 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Energy exploration has exploded across eastern Colorado. Oil and gas wells and wind farms are popping up with increasing regularity, and can have negative impacts on the surrounding ecosystems. CPI is working in tandem with industry and regulators to ensure that energy development does not endanger Colorado’s imperiled prairie ecosystems.
Prairie dogs are a keystone prairie species and historically inhabited nearly all of eastern Colorado. Today, they are regarded as pests that threaten development and agriculture. Subjected to virtually unregulated hunting and exterminated at the whim of landowners, prairie dogs and the animals that depend on them are under constant attack in Colorado. CPI is working to change the regulatory frameworks that dictate prairie dog management at the state and federal level in an effort to protect these important animals.
Predators play a vital role in prairie ecosystems. Without animals like coyotes and foxes, grassland food chains can become imbalanced. Unfortunately, state and federal programs encourage the killing of these animals to protect livestock and other agricultural interests. CPI is engaged in research to study the diets and interactions of predators to prairies, and is working to alter predator management policies in ways that benefit the prairies.
Birds provide the prairies with many important services: from seed dispersal to prey for other animals to aesthetic beauty. However, birds face several unfortunate and unnecessary challenges to their survival. Stock water tanks lure birds in to drink, and without wire ladders for escape, the birds can drown. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services program targets tens of thousands of prairie birds every year for extermination. CPI is dedicated to on-the-ground improvements that help prevent bird deaths, and is working with U.S. Fish and Wildlife to prevent the unnecessary killing of birds by federal officials.
Recreational target shooting is a popular pastime on the Pawnee National Grasslands, but irresponsible use has created a large litter problem. CPI is working with the U.S. Forest Service to improve the regulations and rules governing target shooting, and is committed to providing volunteers to help clean up the problem.
Bison were once the kind of the prairies, and numbered as many as 65 million animals. Today, most bison are livestock on ranches. The conservation herds at places like Yellowstone National Park are restricted to certain areas. CPI has a vision for herds of wild bison roaming freely once again across the landscape, and is working to change the regulations and perception that prevent bison from once again being treated as wildlife. | <urn:uuid:0195d219-9de0-4b64-8c6d-228c0b84981e> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.coloradoprairies.org/projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335355.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929131813-20220929161813-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.939786 | 537 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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Ask people what they remember most about the physical surroundings of their childhood and they're likely to describe a special place out of doors—a school yard, a patch of woods, a community garden. For it is outside space that is most conducive to the ebb and flow of spontaneous activities, offers rich and often surprising sensory input, and provides endless possibilities for exploration. If the classroom is the place where children are taught, the outdoors is where they learn on their own.
A growing legion of landscape architects is exploring and exploiting the ability to create outdoor environments that optimize the learning experience and mirror the ideas, values, attitudes, and cultures of those who inhabit them. In Landscapes for Learning, Dr. Sharon Stine presents 11 case studies of the very best of these design projects from around the world. Her findings describe not only design concepts and end results—rich outdoor learning environments—but, more importantly, the processes that led to the creation of these environments. She examines the roles of designers, teachers, and the children themselves, and how their interaction affects the planning, building, and use of the space.
Dr. Stine shows how the most successful designs address the needs of both the children whose job it is to "mess up" the space and the adults who supervise them. She defines nine pairs of contrasting elements that are essential to any play environment and uses these both as the basis for her analyses of particular environments and as the foundation of a common language that designers and educators can use when developing a new design. She also addresses the issues of safety and security and demonstrates that learning environments can be stimulating, interesting links with the natural world and safe places for children to run free.
Landscapes for Learning is the ideal source for landscape architects, architects, planners, school administrators, and teachers who want to collaborate in the development of useful, intriguing outdoor environments for students in day care, preschool, elementary school, junior high, and high school.
Discover the keys to creating delightful, stimulating, challenging, and educational outdoor environments for children and youth
This unique volume explores the vital and growing movement that is transforming school yards, day-care facilities, and museum grounds around the world. Dr. Sharon Stine presents detailed analyses of a wide variety of outdoor environments for children and the principles and processes that enabled their design, creation, and ongoing operation. Special features of this book include:
* Eleven case studies of outstanding outdoor environments for children and youth—both contemporary and historical
* More than 140 photos and line drawings that illustrate the application of specific design principles
* Nine pairs of contrasting elements essential in any play environment that form the basis of a shared language for the design and analysis of outdoor learning environments
* In-depth analyses of the development and evolution of outside space in two schools over a period of 80 years
And much more
Particular Places: School Environments Over Time.
Back to Basics.
Ode to the Outdoors. | <urn:uuid:6dd205c2-35fd-47a6-b3d5-1e4b480cf88e> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/landscapes-for-learning-sharon-stine/1111764804?ean=9780471162223&itm=1&usri=9780471162223 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1419447549161.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20141224185909-00031-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942123 | 606 | 2.90625 | 3 |
At the end of the Nile’s long journey through Africa, where it finally meets the Mediterranean, lies Rashid*. Just north of that town, standing where the world’s longest river comes to an end, one is at the heart of a profound geo-historic experience. At the town itself, particularly if visited in winter, the historic aspect of the experience takes on a cultural dimension.
Although famous for the so called Rosetta stone, it is not ancient Egyptian monuments that are to be found here. There are none actually, save for a few stone-blocks inscribed with hieroglyphic, taken from other sites and embedded in the staircases of Fort Qaytbey. It is Islamic architecture that gives the town cultural significance. Merchant houses, mills, public-baths and mosques, mostly from the 17th and 18th century, together with cobble stone streets and if you’re lucky some rain make a visit to Rashid a very unique experience (that is not to say that everyone would appreciate it!).
*Rashid is the name ascribed to the town that is the subject of this article, it is also the name of the western branch of the Nile’s, currently, two distributaries. Of course Rashid lies on Rashid.
A brief history
Rashid commands a strategic position, from where invaders in the past could sail on to Cairo and keep Alexandria supplied. That is why it was originally of military rather than commercial importance. During the Mamluki period, Rashid was home to the Mamluki War Fleet and was closed to all foreigners with the exception, at times, of Venetian traders by treaty.
The rise and decline of Rashid as a centre of commerce is closely associated with the history of Alexandria and East-West trade. After the Portuguese found their way around Africa, circumnavigating the continent and establishing direct trade links with India and the Far East. Along with their sabotage of shipping around the Red sea, Alexandria began to lose importance as trade was diverted away from the Red sea -Nile-Mediterranean route to that of the cape of "good hope";(for some, and of lost fortune for others).
The Mamlukes having lost their chief source of income from this diversion, tried to revert trade back to the old routes, but even with Ottoman assistance could not overcome the Portuguese. Having expended much resources in their conflict with the Portuguese, resources already drained by the cause of the conflict, add the internal corruption of the Mamluki state; all lead to the demise of the Mamlukes and of Alexandria.
As the city lost importance, the canal linking Alexandria with the Nile was neglected, inundated with sand and dried up most of the year, not only severing direct contact with the rest of Egypt via a navigable waterway, but limiting the amount of fresh water available for the city’s subsistence.
The Ottomans by that time saw that the Mamlukes were weak enough to overthrow and took Egypt following the Levant. The Ottomans succeeded in driving the Portuguese out of the Red sea, ending their blockade of the straits of Bab el-Mandab and with a touch of cross-Mediterranean diplomacy managed to revert some of the trade back to the old routes. But now Alexandria had no nautical-link to the Nile, so the preferred route of transport was for goods to be shipped from Cairo via the Nile and stored in Rashid where they were later shipped by small coast-fairing vessels to Alexandria. Eventually, much trade was diverted from Alexandria to Rashid itself, which already had a monopoly over the trade of many grains, particularly rice. Dumyat played a similar role, and so in Ottoman times Rashid along with Dumyat, as maybe be seen in western history texts, were not designated as ‘’towns’’ but as ‘’port cities’’, and took over commerce from Alexandria. Rashid was to flourish for the next three centuries.
Enter the French: Napoleon‘s eastern campaign saw one of its most important achievements, if it may be so attributed, and on the cultural not the military front, take place here i.e. the Rosetta stone. Relevant to this campaign also, on the political sphere, is the weakening of Ottoman influence in the region.
A brief encounter with the British: After the French were expelled. The British, after occupying Alexandria in 1807, aware of Rashid’s strategic importance, tried to take the town in their first attempt to occupy Egypt; the Frazer campaign The British were defeated after suffering heavy losses and British occupation of Egypt was to be postponed another three quarters of a century. Rashid saw the greater part of that defeat.
The Ottomans weakened regionally by the war with the French, the British repelled and the remaining Mamlukes dead or fleeing; Mohamed Ali Pasha secured his rule of Egypt. Amongst his many enterprises, he decided to restore the Canal linking Alexandria to the Nile, to be later called the Mahmudiya canal. The reason for this seems to be that Rashid being at the mouth of the Nile was subject to annual floods that left large deposits of silt, advancing the coast northwards, also acting on the Nile banks, and making the presence of a permanent harbor and berth not possible. In addition to the difficulty of navigating the entry into the Nile, and the introduction of larger ships; all of that added to the fact that Rashid could not completely replace Alexandria as Egypt’s main port on the Mediterranean.
With Alexandria having restored its nautical-link to the Nile and secured a supply of fresh water sufficient for a city, trade was to be redirected back to it, and Rashid, after three centuries of prosperity, was to suffer commercially and slowly decline to its present condition.
A note on the ancient history of Rashid
At a river’s mouth a balance exists between the river and the body of water into which it flows. Like other Deltas that of the Nile is subject to subsidence, so the northern part of the Delta is sinking earthwards. Add to this the fact that the sea is rising, coupled with the Mediterranean’s coastal currents, all should result in the erosion of the Delta’s northern edge. In the past, the factors just mentioned excluding the rise in sea level, were countered by the Nile’s flow and the sediment it carried and deposited. With the Nile’s formerly strong discharge, sediment replaced and added to the coastal soil that had sunk, with greater force than that of the forces of erosion. Thus the Nile Delta was expanding seawards. After the Aswan dam was constructed, together with the water diverted to a huge network of irrigation canals, the Nile’s discharge has been seriously reduced, silt which had replenished the coastal soil has been curbed and the balance has shifted in favour of the sea. The Nile Delta is now shrinking. The government is building seawalls to prevent the seawater intrusion but the erosion continues albeit at a considerably slower rate.
Built over silt deposited by the annual Nile floods; main-town Rashid is located now 7 kilometers to the south and to the east of the shoreline, its center at 31 24’ N and 30 25’ E, but was it originally nearer the seashore. It is difficult in this part of Egypt’s north coast to determine exactly which areas were on the shoreline, which were inland and which were part of the sea (Unfortunately, past historians did not mention the exact coordinates of the centers of settlements in WGS-84!). As mentioned, in the past, the terrain was expanding into the sea. This process was reversed, and the sea started eating into the land. From the time records were kept, it is estimated the shoreline moved out seawards about 3 kilometers from 1800 to 1900. Other studies estimate the rate of Delta expansion into the sea for the past few thousand years at 1 to 1.5 km a century. At around 1910, land would begin to retreat, giving way to the Mediterranean. Fort Qaytbey which is now 4 km inland was originally built next to the shore at A.D 1472. Thus the present site of Rashid should have been part of the Mediterranean sea in ancient Egyptian times. It has been suggested that tell-AboMandour which is now 9 km inland, that is 5 km from Fort Qaytbey, is the site of ancient Bolbitine, the earlier-settlement, the ruins over which Rashid was supposedly founded. But this seems inconsistent with the alluvial trend just mentioned. As this area should have been part of the sea at that time. Perhaps it was an island, its elevation permits. In any case, one must be careful when reading anything about the ancient origins of any settlement on the northern edges of the Delta as that edge, geo-historically speaking, is quite dynamic. So whether Bolbitine is Coptic Rachit is as much uncertain as whether Rachit really evolved into Rashid or are they all different settlements. The Encyclopedia Britannica simply states that Rashid was founded in A.D 800 by the Abbasside Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and whence the name. One thing seems certain is that the two settlements were near the Nile’s mouth on its Bolbitinic branch, when/wherever that was. Excavations at AboMandour can help clarify much of this.
Early 21st century Rashid
No longer a port and center of trade, having lost ground to Alexandria, not to mention the construction of the Suez canal and the end of the Red sea –Nile-Mediterranean trade route, the Nile having been subtracted from the latter. Its economy now revolves around other Nile river activity; it has a ship building industry, producing fishing boats and diving yachts, and the Nile there is covered with fish farms. It also has some lumber mills and a large number of brick factories can be seen just north of the town. Rashid is surrounded by palm orchards. Amidst the palms, rice and fruit are usually grown.
The town has tourist potential, yet to be realized. There’s only one hotel and two pensions at present. But a visit would normally require no more than a day if initiated early enough from Alexandria, which is a little less than an hours’ drive away.
The historic sites are subject to continuous restoration, so what is open to the public at one time is not guaranteed to be open at others, and there’s no schedule announced on this matter. At the time of writing this article, there were approximately ten to twelve buildings whose restoration appeared complete, from the outside at least. Only two were open to the public. The following buildings are of interest and are also those more likely to be open for visitors: The house of Arab Kily (now the Rashid museum), the Abu Shahin Mill, Hamam Azzouz (early 19th century public bath), the house of Amasily and the house of Mayzouni. Very picturesque also is the mosque of AboMandour at the southern fringes of the town. With the exception of AboMandour, the sites mentioned and others are all a walking-distance from each other and the locals as anywhere else in Egypt are more than happy to give directions.
For sand dune enthusiasts, there’s a small erg 30 kilometers east of the town (N 31 28.9’ E 030 41.4’). | <urn:uuid:3e629f71-11e4-462d-b344-71ad080b139d> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.saharasafaris.org/places/rashid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038075074.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413213655-20210414003655-00319.warc.gz | en | 0.97528 | 2,398 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In the field of architecture, what is a surety bond?
Many people raise this question because they are unfamiliar with the concept of an architectural surety bond. In architecture, a surety bond is a crucial document that holds architects accountable to their clients and protects customers from fraud and unethical business practices. Let’s look at why architects require a surety bond and how it safeguards the public:
What are the functions of architectural bonds?
The fundamental objective of an architectural bond is to safeguard customers by guaranteeing that when architects are employed for any form of a project involving design work on buildings, houses, or other structures, they behave ethically and keep their part of the bargain.
Architects have access to a lot of money through their clients, but they can’t use it unless the work is completed according to the requirements provided in their contracts. The bond ensures that the architect will accomplish what he says he would by compelling him to reimburse his customer if it is discovered that he did not fulfill his obligations.
When architects violate their clients’ contracts, they must compensate them for any losses or damages caused by faulty or incomplete work. The surety bond is used in this situation. Architects must obtain an architectural surety bond as part of their state licensure requirements, which protects consumers from fraud and carelessness on the part of architects who may otherwise take advantage of them.
In the construction industry, what is the purpose of a surety bond?
Surety bonds are used in the construction industry to protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare by assuring that contractors do what they say they would do. Architects are required to perform services such as producing plans for building projects and supervising new construction as part of their contract.
This form of work, on the other hand, does not guarantee that the final product will be safe, functional, or even visually attractive to all parties involved. Architectural surety bonds were created to hold architects accountable if they failed to follow the terms of their client contracts.
Furthermore, an architectural surety bond allows architects to be held accountable for any work that does not meet the specifications of their contracts. This would be impossible without a surety bond, and customers would lose key protections against fraud and negligence.
Contractors can only be compensated for work completed on their projects if they have a valid license as well as a surety bond in architecture. This means that bonding businesses thoroughly examine potential candidates’ applications before approving them for coverage.
Checking credentials such as licenses, schooling, and references, as well as validating employment history through thorough background checks, is part of the procedure. Once suitable candidates have been authorized, their names will be added to the Central Surety Bond Clearinghouse (CSBC) bond list, where bonding companies can look for them when they need to issue a bond.
What is the purpose of a surety bond for an architect?
Architects would be able to accept their clients’ money without ever completing the work if there was no surety bond in place. Surety bonds protect the public by making it much more difficult for contractors to defraud customers or participate in other unethical business practices.
If a client employs an architect and pays them money but does not receive any work in return, they can file a claim on the bond to get their money back. Before you are allowed to practice architecture, you must obtain an architectural surety bond as part of your state licensure requirements. This is one of the ways that consumers are protected against architects who engage in fraudulent or negligent behavior without being held liable if something goes wrong with the project.
Before they may work in the field of architecture, everyone from project owners to designers, developers, and engineers must first get an architectural surety bond. Architects who plan new construction or oversee renovations, as well as those who design buildings and other structures, are included in this category.
What are contractor surety bonds and how do they work?
Three separate parties are named in the surety bond document.
The bonding firm is the financial entity that issues the surety bond, which guarantees that an architect will satisfy their contractual responsibilities to their customer or be held financially accountable for any costs related to failed projects.
Contractor – The contractor is the party who must obtain a bond in order to be paid for work completed on a project, ensuring payment through the contract’s terms (i.e. promises made) by providing written notice of non-payment after submitting invoices for services or materials used on a job site and receiving no response within 30 days.
Client – The client is the party who engages an architect to deliver services for a construction project and must ensure that these services are provided or they will be compensated for their losses.
What is the purpose of surety bonds?
Certain projects require an architect to deposit a surety bond before being licensed to practice architecture in order to protect the public from unethical business activities.
A surety bond’s objective is to provide clients and customers with access to restitution if something goes wrong during construction. It also ensures that architects will fulfill their contractual duties in a timely manner, resulting in high-quality craftsmanship that adheres to building norms and laws for safety. What happens if an architect fails to deliver on his or her promises?
Contractors would be free to withhold payment for completed work even if it failed to meet the conditions of their contract without fear of repercussions if there were no bonds or other kinds of accountability. This means that some businesses may attempt to charge higher rates than those declared during bidding – with no repercussions. | <urn:uuid:636062ae-1a90-4d98-a401-0bd08117e490> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | http://executivesuretybonds.com/what-is-the-purpose-of-a-surety-bond-for-an-architect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363135.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20211205035505-20211205065505-00543.warc.gz | en | 0.963559 | 1,146 | 3.140625 | 3 |
The terrace known as Templelands comprises of a terrace of two symmetrical, two-storey-and-basement houses. Each house has three bays. The building has an ashlar front, rubble basement and rear, and rusticated quoins, and other decorative features. The central doorways have Ionic surrounds, panelled doors, and plate glass fanlights. The building was listed at Category B in 1971.
This scene is one of five paintings that were commissioned by the Order of the Eastern Star for Dunbar Castle Social Club (Christine Brown and A1 History.) The painting seems to show a Victorian street scene with the Templelands terrace on the right. There is no back road to The Priory at Abbeylands, for it is not yet built, only a way to the fields that lay behind. The Old Post Office, which is described by MacWilliams as “urbanely Baroque” in the Lothian edition of the International Architecture Guide (Pevsenr) in 1978, has not been built yet either, this occurs in 1904. There are two smaller 3 story buildings next door to Templelands, which no longer exist. The substantial tenement next door to Templelands (31-55) was built in 1899. The Masonic Lodge opposite is not yet extended. There are gas lamps on the street. The Dunbar Gas Company was created in 1836. But William Marr, the painter, was actually born in 1919, so the scene is obviously taken from an early photograph or postcard.
The plan geometry of the tenement is not immediately obvious from the outside, but the terrace is built on a parallelogram. Although the facade appears to show two identical and perfectly symmetrical homes, there are discrete differences in room size, proportions, so much so that the internal cantilevered stairs are not exact mirror replicas. The middle windows on the top floor were both originally false. Lashed together with inferior wood and thin plate glass and painted black internally. Hidden from the inside by lathe and plaster to form 2 small presses, or cupboards. Internally the middle bays straddle the 2 street facing rooms. The external appearance was clearly more important than the internal plan geometry, which is somewhat cramped and boxy despite the high ceilings. The main reception rooms excepted, most rooms are modestly proportioned, high ceilings aside.
Prior owners of 2 Templelands include Charles Sawers, though which of the Sawers family bought or inherited the plot and built the original property is still a matter of speculation. Judging by inspection of the Edinburgh Dean Guild, petitions for tenements and finer buildings were put in by builders and stonemasons, and will have included a rough plan, in our case modelled on somewhat grander terraces typically found in Edinburgh. Other properties thought to have been built around 1820 include Barnlea a few doors down on the High Street, The Retreat, in Loch End woods and Kirkhill House on the Queen’s Road are all considerably grander.
We have seen at least one early record that predates the building, but which clearly relates to the tenement at Templelands, and is dated 1734. It is a disposition and it starts:
Be it Known to all Men By these presents Me Jean Wood Relict of James Smith Merchant in Dunbar, heritable proprietrix of the tenement of Temple Land after Disponed with the pertinents For as much as Norman Hamilton Son of the deceased Mr John Hamilton Merchant in Dunbar now Barber and Perewigmaker in London by his Bond.
The detailed description of the plot is altogether suggestive that this refers to the very same land. The document outlines a claim by Jean Wood, over said land.
The building’s exact date is uncertain, but but others, including the listing suggest it could be as late 1820, while others have it a bit earlier 1790 (our neighbours deeds apparently suggest so, but we’ve not seen them).
What we do know from the 1830 John Wood map is that the site had been built on, and the outlines are very likely the boundaries of the current building. Baillie and Sawers are the respective owners of numbers 1 and 2.
We also know something of the historic ownership of a plot called Temple Land, though the name gives it away. James Miller reports in his 1859 History of Dunbar:
“Among the old houses was a tenement called Bamburgh Castle which latterly stood near the head of the High Street, but at one time was probably detached. Tradition affirms that it had a subterraneous communication with the (Dunbar) castle the entrance to which is still shown and that in later times a foolish piper in attempting to thread his way through this intricate labyrinth was supposed to have been suffocated by pestilential vapour for his bagpipes were only heard to vibrate as far as the bottom of Silver Street when their dying notes ceased. This tenement and the lands adjoining (Templelands) belonged to the Knights Templars.“
Elsewhere in his history, Miller has it that Simon Sawers is an occupier of Newhouse, which for some years will be associated with Templelands. Calton in 1970 writes at some length about Newhouse and its connection with the Sawers family and reveals:
Simon Sawers died 3 years later, in I849, while still Provost of Dunbar. His son, John Lorimer Sawers, survived him only II years, and died at the early age of 31 in London, of a sickness contracted in the Indian Army. Two men, who were probably Simon Sawers’ brothers, were Charles Lorimer Sawers (1795-1876) at one time Baillie, and the John Sawers already mentioned who was a Surgeon in the East India Co. in 1827.TRANSACTIONS OF THE EAST LOTHIAN ANTIQUARIAN AND FIELD NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY TWELFTH VOLUME 1970
This seems to be suggestive if tenuous evidence that the Sawers/Baillie may even have commissioned the terrace and perhaps first occupied it. Could it be that John Sawers is the first surgeon to practice there, if very transiently? For the next couple of hundred years could it be that 2 Templelands was continuously a doctor’s surgery.
Robert Orr Sawers (1837-1880) inherits the property, but it is not clear whether he lives there or for very long as he is the General Manager of National Bank of India (1863-1880). His correspondence and papers, 126 folios, between 1842 and 1863 are held in the National Archives among some other papers. He is also author of Account of Voyage to India. More mundanely, back in Dunbar, there is a record of him buying up a strip of land at the bottom of the garden at Templelands from the local burgh council. It appears then that it being used as a dumping ground for rubbish and other matter, and as a condition of sale, Robert is to wall it off to stop this.
Feu Disposition by Magistrates and Town Council of Dunbar to Robert Orr Sawers, and his heirs and assignees, recorded in Dunbar B.R. 03 Oct. 1879, of ground in Church Street, Dunbar, contains the following burdens: the said Robert Orr Sawers and his foresaids shall be bound as by acceptation hereof, he binds himself and his foresaids within six months from the dates of roup, being 23 & 30 May & 6 Jun. 1879, to enclose the ground so feued by a stone wall or wooden paling at least six feet in height and to uphold and maintain the same; and as the proprietor of the ground adjoining on the west has a right of ingress and egress to and from his gardens; the said Robert Orr Sawers and his foresaids shall be bound as he is hereby bound in erecting the wall or fence or in other ways enclosing the ground or building thereon not to interfere in any way with the said right, all right and privilege competent to the said adjoining proprietor with reference to the said ground now feued being hereby specially reserved all in terms of the articles of roup and under the penalty of Ten Pounds in case of failure of erecting and maintaining said wall or paling or enclosing the ground so feued; and it is hereby expressly provided and declared that the waste ground was exposed to roup partly for the purpose of preventing a nuisance being continued by the public depositing rubbish and other matter thereon.
Robert makes quite sure his access to Church Street is not interfered with, and it is not until the 1990s that this burden is finally discharged. The 25 inch Ordnance survey map shows the strip in question. It also shows a number of other features, including a largish greenhouse. The Coach House has not been built (mapping between 1855 and 1900). The steps up to the garden are positioned more centrally at this time, while it appears both gardens at Templelands were divided by a wall, which is still visible at number 1. Sheet 6 of the First Edition 6 inch (Survey date: 1853; Publication date: 1854) shows a building where the coach house is today.
Fast forward to the end of the 1800s, and Dr David Black, son an MD from Cockburnspath, is recorded to be renting the house. The valuation roll shown below suggests that the late Robert Orr Sawers was the owner at this time, which means the Sawers family retained the house at number 29 until then. Charles Notman, the Town Clerk, is shown as living next door. Bamburgh Castle, which apparently bears the last vestigia of the old town wall, at number 25 has a full house too.
Subsequent valuation rolls then show Dr James David Black as the owner of Newhouse as well as 2 Templelands until his death in 1923. James Black and James D Black appear in the same register at different addresses in 1885 – it seems that Dr James Black, father has taken on the house at the corner of 1 Church Street, implying perhaps that the two didn’t get on? Did James Black grandfather pass everything on to his grandson? It seems highly likely he gave him a helping hand as Dr James didn’t marry at all.
Dr JD Black is also more than affluent enough to acquire a motor car, which we know because he advertises the sale of his horse in 1904. He may well have had the Coach House adapted at this point, judging by the stonework, which is not altogether dissimilar to the Swanston & Legge rear tenement, built in 1899.
No dramatic changes are evident for the first 80 years of the recorded history, at some point the chimney stacks on the left are raised, until the Coach House is built and this looks like it remains within the curtilage until the 1980s.
By around 1900 there is a record of another addition to the building when Mr Notman, the notary public living at 1 Templelands, along with Dr Black petition the Dean of Guild to insert oriel windows on the back of the house, in what were then possibly withdrawing rooms. This event is noted in Canmore, but the original petitions may have been lost.
An application to install a WC is also noted at around the same time in the minutes, but again we know not whether this was an outdoor privy or an internal one. The detailed plans of the Dunbar Dean of Guild have, with a few minor exceptions, been mislaid perhaps lost entirely, though some of the meeting minute books and a handful of petitions that are misfiled do survive.
David Black’s grandfather was an inn keeper and property owner, who also owned the Railway Hotel or Black’s Railway hotel (last known as the Dolphin and until recently unoccupied) as well as the Commercial Inn. Valuation roll evidence shows that Dr James Black mysteriously moves out of 2 Templelands, renting the house at Inchgarth, perhaps due to ill-health, just before he dies in Musselburgh on May 24 1923. Dr James David Black is buried in the Dunbar cemetery. Upon Dr Black’s death, Georgia Black, his sister, inherits 2 Templelands and Newhouse along with the substantial land there, information about which is in digital public records until 1935.
Meanwhile, Dr William Lowe Anderson is recorded as practicing at Templelands for a while after Dr Black’s death and that there are 3 people residing at Templelands in 1926 (an advert appears in The Scotsman – Saturday 09 January 1926 for a capable general servant wanted for … Dr’s House … Apply Biggans), though these numbers and persons were not corroborated by census or the valuation records. We don’t know too much at all about Dr Lowe, for he appears on the medical register and then disappears. However he is practicing there at least until around 1940. He is appointed certifying surgeon under the Factory and Workshops Acts, succeeding Dr. D. R. Macdonald for the district of Dunbar in 1937 (The Scotsman – Thursday 11 February 1937). There is a a further mention of Dr Lowe, a grizzly reference to his 1940 assessment of a brutal murder in Dunbar, which is recorded in quite some detail in the Bo’ness Journal, and Linlithgow Advertiser – Friday 08 November 1940. He is recorded as staying at Templelands, and the Sasine records show he eventually purchased 2 Templelands in 1950 and continued to own it until 1960.
But during this time, changes may have been in the offing, for an advert appears in the Scotsman (16th March 1940) heralding the availability of number 2 Templelands for a gentleman or businessman, highlighting the good garden, 2 public rooms and domestic office alongside 4 bedrooms and maid’s quarters. Who knows if the relationship between the Blacks and Dr Lowe had broken down?
At the turn of the century, number 1 Templelands, is acquired from the estate of Christina Notman, widow of the former Town Clark, by the Stark family who will stay there until 1978.
Georgia, David Black’s sister, not resident there for some time, eventually dies unmarried in 1949. We can’t be sure what happens next but suspect that the house is being used continuously as a doctor’s surgery until the 1970s. The property at Newhouse passes to William Gillespie’s family, who had married Catherine Black, James’ sister, at 2 Templelands. William died in 1927 and Catherine lived on to 1948, both are buried in Inveresk).
By the 1970s the house is again being used as a doctors surgery, but major changes are afoot. Dr Christopher is practicing there for a short while in a partnership with Drs Seeley and Laurenson. The first floor is converted into a self contained flat, possibly for the junior doctor/s (the inventory for the flat is under the floorboards still, exactly where we found it) and the trust receives a grant from the local council to make the changes. At this point, things are equally hazy, the ground floor is dramatically altered with 2 or perhaps 3 small consulting rooms created in the morning room. Doors are blocked off and major realignments and structural modifications are made inside and out – but mostly unsympathetic to the newly B listed property.
Some local testimony suggests there were consulting rooms in the basement too (there were 2 GP practices so this would make some sense, but apparently there were buildings in the garden too). By the 1980s the doctors move across the road to a new purpose built surgery, which is barely occupied for long before moving again to the site of the market garden on the other side of the road.
The population of Dunbar is growing very rapidly, but the decline of the high street is already in train, coinciding with the commissioning of the nuclear power station at Torness (Thor’s Nose), when local reports are of a “wild west”. Tourist hotels are converted to single room accommodation. Local hostelries do a roaring trade. Investment in high street properties declines, with a minority of owner occupiers. Flats are mainly for rental, as the low prices and relatively high rents extracted turn out to be a nice little cash cow for some “old Dunbar” folk.
The 80s sees a large number of buildings taken down and the restoration as social housing of 2 important A listed buildings, the New Inn and Lauderdale house. Investment in Dunbar is mainly of 2 sorts. Hope value drives one group, sit on a property for long enough and someone daft enough will buy it off you, eventually. The other group are people a bit like us, who don’t have a ton of money, but think they like the idea of living in an older property or can’t afford anywhere else.
During the 80s Mr Stewart is recorded as residing at 2 Templelands and gets the necessary permission sometime around 1989 to separate the Coach House (seemingly until then used as a store). The Coach House is not mentioned in the HES listing, despite being clearly within the curtilage of the original house, perhaps because the main access was via Church Street and may not even have been visible.
The Coach House seems to have been built after the original terrace was erected, and possibly reconfigured when Barlas and Sharp commission Swanston and Legge to build a rather fine (Grade 2/B listed) and very substantial tenement next door around 1899. The building created on the end plot accessed from Church Street doesn’t have the flair and flourishes of its bigger sister on the High Street, but is recognisably of the same idiom.
Mr Stewart starts the conversion of 2 Templelands back into a house, while converting the Coach House, described as a store store into a one floor flat.
Margery Clinton moves to 2 Templelands in 1997. We have some idea of the proposed changes that take place at this time, though the plans were not entirely implemented and it is unclear which features had been already added or taken away. The Garden Flat may have been created by Margery and the bathroom and bedroom are still decorated with her hand decorated tile creations, but conceivably the layout was created or adapted from earlier interventions. All the dado height panelling was taken out, probably to install damp proofing and the structural walls are straightened up. The old kitchens would have been at the front, betrayed today only by an oversized plain surround. Number 1 still has an original working range, possibly late victorian or very early 20th C. Hidden from view, is the original soundproofing, surprisingly intact, between the floor joists but above the ceiling rafters.
Dunbar benefitted in the 1990s from a significant Conservation Heritage scheme. Funding was substantially soaked up by a number of very expensive interventions which go someway to saving a number of the buildings at risk. The council creates a new road scheme, which unfortunately damages the under street cellars for both tenements at Templelands, which had remained dry for storage for the previous 200 years. There are still many buildings on the at risk register, though arguably this list under estimates the decline from within (many people assume the listing status applies either just to the outside, or just the listed features, or even just the front and therefore internal features are modified and lost).
By this time there are a few internal features that survive “intact” at number 2, notably the winding stair case, a flagstone hallway (the threshold stone replaced). Hall dimensions have changed, doors have been filled in and others moved. The morning room was squared off, possibly as consulting rooms during the 60s. Shutters were either nailed shut and painted over or had been clumsily reduced in size to accommodate shelving below the windows. Architraves sawn off at window height, hardboard panelling and grey carpet obscured a couple of hundred years of past uses. The pilastered alcove that survives next door was gone, but some tell tale signs on the original floor suggest there was one. The dado panelling gone too. Three rooms and the hall space had been modified, mainly by the addition of internal bathrooms, though the ground floor changes predate these later additions.
All the cornices on the ground floor were lost, and ceilings had collapsed. We found an intact fragment of original cornice hidden behind a false wall. No original mantle or fire pieces survive on the ground floor.
The one surviving original mantlepiece is in the upstairs drawing room, which retains the dado height panelling and an original intact but unrestored cornice, and is altogether the best preserved room at number 2. The oriel window is intact. Several fire pieces / inserts appear to have been added one on top of the other (typically making the fire box smaller). The latest quite possibly as recently as the 1980s (betrayed by early 1900s tiles underneath the ill fitting Victorian insert). There are shadows a former door connecting the drawing room to a possible ensuite bathroom or possibly a kitchenette, when it was a flat. More or less sensitively reinstated, the wood working betrays no obvious signs of repair, though the plastering is slapdash. The oriel window externals were reinstated at this time and a solution to the window over the bridge is found.
Most recently 2 Templelands was the home of the late lustreware ceramicist and artist Margery Clinton, who lived and worked on the premises for around 10 years. The potter Philip Revell lives and works from number 1, which has an equally rich history. Today at number 2 Templelands, Ruth & Philip currently offer self catering accommodation holiday lets “downstairs”. | <urn:uuid:d4c16fd7-4b65-4d7d-aa89-395028eb1dcc> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://templelands.com/self-catering-holiday-let-in-period-property/history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988802.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20210507181103-20210507211103-00204.warc.gz | en | 0.97438 | 4,536 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Keeping your teeth clean could save you from a heart attack, scientists say. Researchers have found that poor dental hygiene and bleeding gums could allow up to 700 different types of bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This increases your risk of a heart attack regardless of how fit and healthy you are, they believe. Gum disease is already known to cause bad breath, bleeding gums and, if untreated, cavities, receding gums and tooth loss.
But experts say the biggest danger to health is the route into the bloodstream for the hundreds of bacteria found in the mouth. Researcher Professor Howard Jenkinson said: ‘Cardiovascular disease is currently the biggest killer in the western world’.
‘Oral bacteria such as Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are common infecting agents and we now recognise that bacterial infections are an independent risk factor for heart diseases. In other words it doesn’t matter how fit, slim or healthy you are, you’re adding to your chances of getting heart disease by having bad teeth.’
Details from research into how harmful bacteria interact with blood cells will be released today at the Society for General Microbiology, in Trinity College, Dublin.
A major treatment for heart disease is aggressive antibiotic therapy, but with the rise of drug-resistant bacteria time is running out for this, Professor Jenkinson warned. The research provides more support for a link between gum disease, heart disease and stroke. It reproduced the conditions under which bacteria linked to heart disease may end up ‘immune’ from attack by antibiotics, said researcher Dr Steve Kerrigan.
It found the bacteria interacted with platelets – the blood cells which aid blood clotting – in a different way than had previously been thought. Dr Kerrigan said: ‘Most of the studies that have looked at how bacteria interact with platelets, were carried out under conditions that do not resemble those in the human circulatory system. We mimicked the pressure inside the blood vessels and in the heart. We demonstrated that bacteria use different mechanisms to cause platelets to clump together, allowing them to completely encase the bacteria. This shields the bacteria from the cells of our immune systems, which would normally kill bacteria, – and most importantly also protects them from antibiotics.’
It is not clear how gum disease may trigger heart problems. But it is thought that bacteria released from the infected gums may increase the rate at which arteries become blocked, say the researchers from Bristol University and the Royal College of Surgeons, in Ireland. Bacteria entering the bloodstream may activate the immune system, making artery walls inflamed and narrow. Or they may attach directly to fatty deposits already present in the arteries which causes them to narrow further. Professor Jenkinson added: ‘The mouth is an easy entry for nasty bacteria. Once inside the bloodstream, the platelets, which help the blood clot, latch on to the bacteria. This can cause a blood clot, which can detach and travel to the heart. This is more worrying if the blood clot actually form on the heart’s ventricle.’
The link was proven when scientists found that platelets, which aid repair, attach themselves to harmful bacteria in the mouth, wrongly thinking there is damage to a vein or capillary.
Jenny Hope, Medical Correspondent, Daily Mail, Thursday September 11 2008 | <urn:uuid:d888ac7c-49b6-499b-b665-e2eb99b42529> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.thereachapproach.co.uk/2017/08/22/keeping-your-teeth-clean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738727.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811025355-20200811055355-00558.warc.gz | en | 0.936013 | 688 | 3.359375 | 3 |
In the US clean safe water is taken for granted and the average person uses over 570 liters of water a day! Compare this to a world where 768 million people do not have access to clean safe water, which is one in ten people. People have to walk miles just to get water from a dirty pond, if not rely on expensive water vendors. Women in Africa and Asia often carry water on their heads weighing 20kg (44lbs) (UNDP: Human Development Report, 2006) and spend hours a week fetching this basic necessity for the household, oftentimes children are involved in this endeavor too. Time and energy spent on fetching water negatively impacts people’s life in other areas like earning potential and education in the case of children. On top of everything else, unsafe drinking water results in water-borne disease killing 2000 children a day.
Thankfully, organizations like WaterAid are trying to tackle this problem and last year they were able to provide 1.7 million people with safe water, please help bring clean water to children around the world, help fundraiser for this cause and donate at: http://www.wateraid.org These guys are doing an incredible job!
Also, we in the need to make an effort to not waste water and help in water conservation, but that’s a topic for another blog.
The TED talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian novelist, about “The Danger of a Single Story” hit a chord with me. Please watch this inspiring talk here:
It got me thinking… Many of us are quick to stereotype people (and entire countries) and put them in boxes. Almost like it’s easier to pass instant judgement than to see them for the multi-faceted person they are. Do the environment and influences we grow up in shape our way of thinking – either expanding or shrinking the windows to our mind? I don’t think there are too many of us that have escaped the claws of prejudice and stereotyping. Sure sometimes stereotypes may be funny and perhaps there’s an element of truth to it but that is only one aspect, one page or a sentence in the book that makes up the human story, where each of us as individuals are so different and unique.
I grew up in a part of the world with many different ethnic groups with diverse traditions and languages and belonging to different socio-economic groups, so I had a diverse group of friends with so many different world views. But even so, I regret to say that there have been times as a teenager where I’ve looked at the world through prejudiced eyes. I wish I knew then what I know now. Looking back I realize it was a lack of insight and wisdom. But as an adult I’ve learned to educate myself and ask questions instead of coming to my own conclusions based on my very small knowledge of people, culture, traditions etc.
When we look at the world without blinders on, our perceptions are broadened and our minds are opened to new facets of the human persona and our world and we are introduced to a new way of thinking. Every country has it’s rich and poor, it’s saints and sinners, it’s trials and tribulations, at the core we’re not that different from each other. Therein lies the secret.
According to a study published by the Sustainable Solutions Development Network, the happiest countries in the world are all in Northern Europe with Denmark being at the top of the list. The findings were based on lifestyle and wellbeing measures and used analysis from experts in various fields including economics and psychology.
This study was conducted to make a case for why well-being should be considered a measure of national development. According to the authors of the study, the well being of individuals is not just beneficial for corporate bottom-lines and their own mental and physical health but may contribute to the progress and development of entire communities and consequently nations. You can read the complete report here.
Respondents to this survey recognized the difference between happiness as an emotion and happiness as in life satisfaction. The six happiness metrics used were:
- Real GDP Per Capita
- Years of Healthy Life Expectancy
- Having Someone to Count On/Social Support
- Perceptions of Corruption
- Freedom to Make Life Choices
- Prevalence of Generosity
The report provides guidance for policymakers on including well-being in national decision-making. Out of a 156 countries surveyed, the U.S. came in at 17th, just below Mexico. People who are emotionally happier, have satisfying lives, are part of happier communities and are more likely to be healthy, productive and socially connected. This report encourages nations to consider progress and development beyond just GDP and put people at the center. It provides evidence that the systemic measurement and analysis of happiness can teach us about ways to improve the world’s wellbeing, placing it at the heart of policy and have countries develop sustainably allowing everyone to flourish. Individuals with high subjective wellbeing are more likely to practice good health and behaviors such as consuming less and saving more. Positive feelings are associated with curiosity and creativity. Happiness is not a complete absence of negative feelings but the happy person doesn’t feel chronic negative feelings, he or or she experiences negative feelings only occasionally and in appropriate situations.
Danes have lowest level of income inequality, high minimum wages ($20), free taxpayer funded healthcare (Denmark has some of the highest taxes in the world about 50% income tax and high taxes on everything they purchase), 37 hours a week workweek, 5-6 weeks of vacation and two weeks of holidays. College education is free, and the they have access to subsidized childcare and elder care. And it’s a peaceful country with hardly any crime and violence. Anyone want to move to Denmark? | <urn:uuid:2952c6c4-ad5d-4f73-9404-c768561fe0f9> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://www.madsynergyblog.com/category/be-the-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057861.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926114012-20210926144012-00159.warc.gz | en | 0.955034 | 1,195 | 2.859375 | 3 |
There’s something about elephants that we humans love. Ask any zoo or safari park to produce a list of their most popular animals and these gentle beasts from Africa and Asia are sure to feature more often than not.
Some of you may know a lot about elephants already, but here’s a selection of lesser known facts that are sure to amaze even the biggest of fans. Let’s start with the trunk.
Elephants are most famous for their trunks. If you ask someone to do an impression of the animal I guarantee they’ll get their arm and wave it around as if it’s attached to their face. Elephant trunks are undoubtedly cool, but they’re not just for show.
There are more than 40,000 different muscles in an elephant’s trunk, and they can grow as long as 8 feet. They use it to feed, drink and defend themselves, and that’s just the start of it.
They can use their trunk as a snorkel when in water, and often wave them around in the air so they can get a better smell of their surroundings. And young elephant calves have even been seen sucking their trunks for comfort, just like a human child does with their thumb.
Elephants primarily use their tusks as a form of defence, a fact that is widely known. But not many know that just as humans have a favourite hand elephants have a preferred tusk.
Elephant tusks are actually just teeth that grow continuously. Both African and Asian elephant tusks can grow to around 10 feet long, but female Asian elephants either have no tusks or very short ones.
Elephants can live for up to 80 years and can get through seven sets of teeth in their lifetime, compared to humans who have just two. If an Elephant is living on its own it will normally starve to death when it’s last set of teeth has worn out. But in a herd the younger elephants will help the older ones to feed, a remarkable display of compassion that helps the animals live on.
Elephants are considered to be one of the world’s most intelligent animal species, which is hardly surprising when you consider that their brains weigh more than 5 kilograms.
They have a very high level of emotional intelligence, and often show signs of compassion, grief, humour and a love of play.
Many that are in captivity have been taught to do some quite remarkable things. Ruby, and Asian elephant who used to reside at Phoenix Zoo was quite an artist, and one of her paintings sold for 25,000 dollars. Others have been known to unlock doors, respond to complex demands and count better than humans.
Elephants are the only animal other than humans to practice a death ritual. If one of the herd becomes sick the others will bring them food and water, and will carry on trying to revive the animal even after it has passed way.
When an elephant dies the herd falls silent, as if they are in a state of mournful respect. They usually dig a shallow hole for their fallen friend and use a mixture of leaves and dirt to cover the body.
It’s not uncommon for an elephant to show signs of depression after witnessing the passing of one of their own. Scientists frequently debate the extent of an elephant’s ability to show emotion, but they can’t deny that these gentle giants are truly special animals.
When he’s not thinking about elephants Alexander Jones contributes to Find Me A Gift, where you’ll find a great selection of gifts for men and women. | <urn:uuid:e2effc22-0385-49bf-aff0-a4bf182bd288> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.uganda-safaris-tours.com/blog/elephant-facts-youll-never-forget/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398471436.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205431-00283-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966919 | 746 | 2.859375 | 3 |
- A Brief Introduction to the Movement
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Scripto | Transcribe Page
Proceedings of the State Convention of Colored People : held at Albany, New-York, on the 22d, 23d and 24th of July, 1851.
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BLACK STATE CONVENTIONS 76
"assist in the prompt and efficient execution of the law. . . ." Slave owners could "pursue and reclaim" fugitives with or with a warrant; the commissioner would judge the case without a jury. In addition, "in no trial or hearing under this act shall the testimony of such alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence." Satisfactory written or oral "proof" being offered that the person arrested was the sought-for fugitive, the commissioner would issue a certificate. The slave owner was authorized to use all "reasonable force" necessary to take a fugitive back to the place of his or her escape. If a slave owner feared "that such fugitive will be rescued by force," it the duty of the officer involved to employ any number of persons necessary "to overcome such force" and deliver the fugitive back to the fugitive's owner. Any marshal who failed to execute the fugitive law properly was to fined $100; the marshal was also liable for the full value of any fugitive escaping from his custody. Finally, an officer was "entitled to a fee of ten dollars" if he delivered a fugitive to a slave owner, but only five dollars if he freed the black claimed. For a greater discussion of this whole issue see George Walker's, "Black Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 1850-1856" (unpub. M.A. thesis), Columbia University, 1971. passim
3. Stephen Myers was perhaps the leading black abolitionist in upstate New York. While he was chairman of the Albany Vigilance Committee, his frequently served as an overnight sanctuary for black runaways on the last leg of their northward journey. Myers was also active in the suffrage struggle among his brethren in the Empire State, having been appointed the official lobbyist for the New York State Suffrage Association, an organization formed in 1855 to facilitate the acquisition of the vote by the state's largely disfranchised black population. A vigorous foe of colonization, he opposed Governor Washington Hunt's scheme, in the early 1850's, for a legislative appropriation of state funds looking toward the voluntary removal of New York's black population.
An early supporter among his people for the Republican Party, he came out strongly for the election in 1858 of Edwin D. Morgan in his quest for the governership of New York, over the candidacy of Gerrit Smith, a long-time friend and benefactor of blacks, who was running on an independent third-part ticket. Myers feared that Smith, who had no chance of winning, would merely split the Negro vote and catapult a pro-slavery Democrat into power. As editor of the Albany Voice of Freedom, he played no small role in the subsequent victory of Morgan.
4. Amos Gerry Beman (1803-1874), son of Jehiel C. Beman, was born in Connecticut and tutored at Wesleyan University until students forced him to leave the campus. Beman taught school and became a minister and Underground Railroad stationmaster in New Haven. Beman contributed several letters to Douglass' paper as well as to the abolitionist press. He was a specialist on the history of Africa.
5. Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834), French general and statesman, came to America during the Revolution to join General Washington's army. He distinguished himself for his tenacious defense of the American cause, having been wounded at Brandywine and sharing the hardships at Valley Forge.
6. The Impartial Citizen appeared sporadically from 1848 to 1850.
7. Frederick Douglass' Paper, the successor to the North, appeared in 1851 and continued publication to the eve of the Civil War, when a new publication, Douglass' Monthly, appeared.
8. Founded in 1841, by Horace Greeley, the Tribune later became an influential antislavery newspaper.
9. Junius C. Morel, also spelled Morell, was a leader in the early Negro Convention movement. He served as secretary of the National Convention of the Free People of Colour, which met at Philadelphia in September 1830. He also served on the committee which drew up its Address. Morel was an a speaker and an effective writer. For an example of his writing see the Emancipator, Nov. 16, 1837.
10. The New York Express was a conservative commercial daily, well known for its pro-slavery sympathies.
11. Established at McGrawville, New York, around the early Gerrit Smith and others, Central College, a predominantly white institution
You don't have permission to discuss this page. | <urn:uuid:2e00cb83-ddc4-4d59-9386-e146006346cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://coloredconventions.org/scripto/transcribe/235/1860 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608058.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525083009-20170525103009-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.957392 | 1,301 | 2.75 | 3 |
A person who suffers from anxiety may avoid expressing him/herself due to the fear of making mistakes or being judged. Anxiety causes an overwhelming level of stress which negatively affects communication. 4. It can be tiring and emotionally draining and can lead to yourself becoming depressed. Outcome 2 1. internet,doctor,leaflets,library, friends and colleagues that have been in the same situation 2.
Position Paper PSYCH 500 March 11, 2013 Angella Eanes Position Paper Is retirement always a good experience? No, retirement is not always a good experience for everyone. Retirement involves an individual giving up roles that are usually vital to their identity and their self esteem (Berk, 2010). The process of retirement can be a very stressful process and it can contribute to the decline in the physical health and the mental health of an individual (Berk, 2010). With retirement come concerns about finances, concerns about mental health and concerns about physical health (McGarry, 2004).
Question 1 There are numerous potential affects due to difficulties with continence in relation to the individuals' self esteem, health and day to day activities; these include: o Low mood stemmed from lack of dignity and privacy. o Social isolation and embarrassment. o Individual lives in fear of being unable to manage their needs. o Deterioration to their health caused by dehydration due to wanting to prevent incontinence or wanting to reduce mobilising to facilitate needs. o Moisture damage to the skin can be caused to the individual due to being unable to cope with or without aids or support.
Unit 12 2.1explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation The attitudes people have towards those of us with mental health problems mean it is harder for them to work, make friends and in short, live a normal life. -People become isolated -They are excluded from everyday activities -It is harder to get or keep a job -People can be reluctant to seek help, which makes recovery slower and more difficult -Their physical health is affected. This is because society in general has stereotyped views about mental illness and how it affects people. Many people believe that people with mental ill health are violent and dangerous, when in fact they are more at risk of being attacked or harming themselves than harming other people.
One definition of abnormality is Failure to function adequately. People with psychological disorders often experience considerable suffering and distress and a general inability to cope with their everyday activities, such as being unable to go to work or take part in social activities. So common is this failure to function among those with mental disorders, doctors are required to take this into account when diagnosing an individual with psychological problems. Common examples would be severe depression which leads to empathy and inertia, meaning that a depressed person may fail even to get up in the morning, let alone hold down a job. However, failure to function adequately is a general sign of a disorder and not itself specific to any condition.
Discriminatory practices can result in a lowering of self esteem, it can leave the service user feeling low and not knowing their self-worth. In health and social care a service users having low self-esteem is common but must be avoided as it can have a large impact on the service user’s health and wellbeing. Low self esteem has many effects such as fear and anxiety that makes service users reluctant to use health care services, poor self- confidence this is when a person is not comfortable with their appearance, mixed emotions is when a person is overwhelmed with emotions and reacts differently for example they might become very angry for no apparent reason and depression, this is a very common result of low self esteem and effects a person’s well-being as they may require medication. All of these factors can make service users seeking the care or medical attention that they need. In the case of Kate she is withdrawn from using health care services because of the low self-esteem.
Chronic illness can also lead to depression. People with depression often do not socialize with other people or just walk by themselves and reject their friends, spouse, or family. Depression can cause heart attacks and also Parkinson’s disease (which is what Robin Williams had). Depression can cause headaches, neck pain, and abdominal pain. Depression can interfere with sexual performance.
A substantial percentage of the U.S. homeless population are individuals who are chronically unemployed or have difficulty managing their lives effectively due to prolonged and severe drug and/or alcohol abuse. Substance abuse can cause homelessness from behavioral patterns associated with addiction that alienate an addicted individual's family and friends who could otherwise provide support during difficult economic times.Major reasons and causes for homelessness as documented by many reports and studies include: Poverty, caused by many factors including unemployment/underemployment. Lack of accessible health care. People who have some kind of chronic and weakening disease but cannot get health care either because they don't have money to afford it or because they are simply too weak to go and work every day.The basic problem of homelessness is the need for personal shelter, warmth and safety. Other difficulties include: personal security, quiet, and privacy, especially for
Drugs and Poverty and their link Poverty is not only a lack of sufficient income or material possessions. It is also a condition in which people lack prestige and have less access to resources. The poor often have different lifestyles and different values from those of people not living in poverty. The conditions that poor people often cope with may include: unemployment or off-and-on employment, low-status and low-skill jobs, unstable family and relationships, low involvement in the community, a sense of being isolated from society, low ambition, and feelings of helplessness. Many people living in poverty are divorced, are single parents, or have unhappy marriages.
(Edgar, B; et al, 1999) Structural factors would be changes in the economy which may affect levels of poverty and unemployment which can lead to poor housing. Institutional factors would be seen if a person had been institutionalised for a period of time i.e. prison, and were released and unable to find their feet. The breakdown of a relationship could cause a person to find themselves homeless. Finally, personal issues may affect a person in such a way that they somehow end up homeless. | <urn:uuid:d8801859-414d-4960-8a39-f3c3a54ac0b0> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/The-Causes-And-Effects-Of-Unemployment-125097.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988953.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210509002206-20210509032206-00442.warc.gz | en | 0.968169 | 1,270 | 2.875 | 3 |
BEST BOOK AWARD, HUMAN RIGHTS SECTION OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION (2017)
Since the 1980s a number of countries have established truth commissions to come to terms with the legacy of past human rights violations, yet little is known about the achievements and shortcomings of this popular transitional justice tool. Drawing on research on Chile’s National Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and exploring the scholarship on thirteen other transitional contexts, Onur Bakiner evaluates the success of truth commissions in promoting policy reform, human rights accountability, and the public recognition of human rights violations. He argues that although political elites often see a truth commission as a convenient way to address past atrocities, the findings, historical narratives, and recommendations of such commissions often surprise, upset, and discredit influential political actors. Even when commissions produce only modest change as a result of political constraints, Bakiner contends, they open up new avenues for human rights activism by triggering the creation of new victims’ organizations, facilitating public debates over social memory, and inducing civil society actors to monitor the country’s human rights policy.
Bakiner demonstrates how truth commissions have recovered basic facts about human rights violations, forced societies to rethink the violence and exclusion of nation-building, and produced a new dynamic whereby the state seeks to legitimize its central position between history and politics by accepting a high degree of societal penetration into the production and diffusion of official national history. By doing so, truth commissions have challenged and transformed public discourses on memory, truth, justice, reconciliation, recognition, nationalism, and political legitimacy in the contemporary world. | <urn:uuid:e104f004-64fa-4ff3-b2ae-26028e56f0b6> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://onurbakiner.me/book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254889.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519141556-20190519163556-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.90697 | 337 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The various muscles and ligaments that encompass the back help protect the spine’s thoracic region. The spine has three sections: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, which assist the body with bending, turning, and twisting. For the thoracic spine, various muscles like the rhomboid, trapezoid, and other superficial muscles provide functionality to the scapula or shoulder blades to stabilize the ribcage. When the body succumbs to injuries or traumatic forces, it can develop myofascial pain syndrome associated with upper back pain. Upper back pain can lead to unwanted symptoms affecting their quality of life. Fortunately, various exercises target the upper portion of the back and can strengthen multiple muscles from injuries. Today’s article looks at the effects of upper back pain in the body and shows a few stretches and exercises that can support the various muscle groups in the upper back region. We refer our patients to certified providers that incorporate techniques and multiple therapies for many individuals suffering from upper back pain and its correlating symptoms that can affect the musculoskeletal system in the neck, shoulders, and thoracic region of the spine. We encourage and appreciate each patient by referring them to associated medical providers based on their diagnosis when it is appropriate. We understand that education is a fantastic way when asking our providers intricated questions at the patient’s request and understanding. Dr. Jimenez, D.C., only utilizes this information as an educational service. Disclaimer
The Effects Of Upper Back Pain In The Body
Have you been experiencing stiffness around or near your shoulder blades? Do you feel muscle strain when you are rotating your shoulders? Or does it hurt when you stretch your upper back in the morning? Many of these issues are signs and symptoms of upper back pain. Studies reveal that back pain is one of the most common complaints many individuals would go for emergency care. Back pain can affect the different regions in the back and cause unwanted symptoms in various areas in the upper back. Additional studies mentioned that persistent pain in the thoracic region could cause hyper-sensitization of the intercoastal nerves that mimic other conditions affecting the back. Some of the causes and effects that can lead to the development of upper back pain include:
- Poor posture
- Improper lifting
- Traumatic events or injuries
- Chronic diseases (Osteoporosis, Scoliosis, Kyphosis)
When this happens, it can lead to overlapping conditions that mimic other issues and, if not treated right away, leave individuals with chronic disabling symptoms that correlate with upper back pain.
Upper Back Pain Relief-Video
Have you been experiencing stiffness in your shoulders or neck? Do you feel aches and pains when stretching your arms? Or what about feeling muscle strain when lifting a heavy object? Many of these factors correlate with upper back pain affecting the thoracic spine region. When this happens, it can lead to overlapping risk profiles that can develop into different issues that can cause even more pain to the body. There are various ways to prevent upper back pain from causing further issues to the individual and can relieve the pain associated with it. Many people would go to chiropractic therapy to have their spine re-aligned to bring adequate relief or incorporate upper back exercises and stretches to relieve tension accumulated in the neck and shoulder regions. The video above explains how stretches work for different muscle regions in the upper back and provide relief to the thoracic spine.
Exercises For Upper Back Pain
Regarding the upper back, it is important to understand that incorporating various exercises that target the thoracic region can cause prolonged injuries. Studies reveal that different back exercises focus not only on the back but the shoulders, arms, chest, core, and hips providing stability, balance, and coordination to the individual. This allows the muscles in the back region to improve strength and endurance over time when a person continues to work out. More studies reveal that protocols like the McKenzie back exercise are effective programs to treat various musculoskeletal conditions that can cause pain in the back. Many physical therapists use this protocol on their patients to relieve back pain and help improve their muscular structure to have better posture.
Just like any individual that is starting to get back to their health and wellness through exercise, the most important step that anyone has to do is warming up their muscles before getting into a workout. Warming up each muscle group can prevent future injuries and increase blood flow before starting the exercise. Many individuals would incorporate stretches and foam rolling for 5-10 minutes to ensure that each muscle is ready to perform with maximum effort.
After the body is warmed up, it is time to begin the exercise regime. Many different exercise movements target each muscle group and help build muscle mass and improve functionality. It is important to build up momentum when it comes to working out. Starting slowly with minimum reps and sets is important to ensure the exercise is done correctly. Afterward, the individual can increase the workout reps and go with a heavier weight. Below are some of the exercise routines that are suited for the upper back.
- Lie on your stomach and extend your arms above the head
- Keep neck in a neutral position and lift legs and arms off the floor at the same time
- Make sure to use the back and glutes to lift
- Briefly pause at the top, then return to starting position
- Complete three sets of 10 reps
This exercise helps strengthen the spine and surrounding muscles to support the spine and reduce any future injuries from upper back pain.
Reverse Dumbbell Flies
- Grab light weighted dumbbells
- Hinge at the waist at 45 degrees while standing
- Make sure the arms are hanging down with the weights
- Keep the neck in a neutral position while gazing down
- Lift the arms (with the dumbbells) out to the side and upwards
- Squeeze the shoulders together at the top during this movement
- Complete three sets of 8-12 reps
This exercise is excellent for strengthening the muscles that surround the shoulder and upper back.
- Use a resistance band or a light weighted dumbbell.
- For the resistance band, affix the band to a stable surface above eye level. For the light weighted dumbbells, extend the arms in front of the body above eye level.
- Use an overhead grip when holding the resistance band handles and the light weighted dumbbells.
- Pull resistance bands or dumbbells toward the face.
- Flare out the upper arms to the sides
- Squeeze the shoulders together
- Pause for a bit and then return to starting position
- Complete three sets of 12 reps
This exercise helps strengthen the shoulder muscles and prevent future injuries from occurring in the upper back.
Some various muscles and ligaments encompass the back and help protect the spine’s thoracic region. These muscles help with the stabilization of the ribcage and help provide the functionality to the upper back. When multiple factors cause traumatic injuries to the upper back, it can lead to pain-like symptoms that can cause overlapping features and affect a person’s quality of life. Luckily, various exercises target the upper back and surrounding muscle groups. Each activity targets all the muscles in the upper back and allows a person to regain health and wellness without constant pain.
Atalay, Erdem, et al. “Effect of Upper-Extremity Strengthening Exercises on the Lumbar Strength, Disability and Pain of Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study.” Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Dec. 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5721192/.
Casiano, Vincent E, et al. “Back Pain – Statpearls – NCBI Bookshelf.” In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 4 Sept. 2022, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/.
Louw, Adriaan, and Stephen G Schmidt. “Chronic Pain and the Thoracic Spine.” The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, U.S. National Library of Medicine, July 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534852/.
Mann, Steven J, et al. “McKenzie Back Exercises – Statpearls – NCBI Bookshelf.” In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 4 July 2022, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539720/.
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Bone fracture occurs when there is a break or crack in a bone in your body. It is also said to be one of the medical conditions that a human would have to suffer from when the body is exposed to stress, impact, injury or some other medical conditions that would cause the bone to lose resistance. It is also known as bone break and broken bone.
According to statistics, there is an annual average of 6.8 million people in the United States who seek medical attention due to bone fracture. This is because it is one of the most usually occurring orthopedic problems. In a developed country, an average citizen may deal with at least two bone fractures in a lifetime.
Factors that Affect Bone Healing
For future reference in case bone fracture might happen to you or to someone close to you, you should know the factors affecting bone healing. There are several factors that may slow down or hasten the healing of your fractures but they are grouped into two different classes – systemic and local factors. These two factors affect the degree and the rate of the healing process.
• Nutrition. For healing to occur, energy is necessary which is why you need to undergo a metabolic stage where you will need a particular amount of protein and carbohydrates.
• Age. The younger the patients and the bones are, the faster the healing process works. Young patients have bones with the ability to recover from deformities soon enough and remodel them. However, the remodeling and recovering abilities of the bones decrease as they reach maturity.
• Hormones. These hormones that affect bone healing include the growth hormone, thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and corticosteroids. The last hormone mentioned can slow down the healing process.
• Systemic disease. Diseases which are discovered to slow down the healing of fractures are diabetes, osteoporosis, and others which result to immunocompromised state. Abnormal healing is also caused by diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan’s syndrome.
• Degree of trauma. The more impact the injury has made on your bone and on the tissues surrounding it, the worse the healing will become. Slight injury will only likely cause mild contusions and will thus heal so easily. However, comminuted injuries which also damaged the surrounding tissues will not heal that quickly.
• Type of bone. Two types of bones – calcellous or spongy and cortical or compact bones – can be compared with the differences in the rate of their healing duration. The spongy bones have greater surface areas, more stable, and have better foods when put side by side with compact bones.
• Vascular injury. Regulate blood supply well for lack of it will drag down the healing process. This is one of the factors affecting bone healing especially in parts such a scaphoid bones, talus, and femoral head.
• Intraarticular fractures. Collagenasses can break the healing process of the bone as these fractures continue to be in contact with synovial fluid. The more that collegenasses partner with synovial fluid, the slower the healing process will even become.
• Degree of immobilization. The part where the fractured bone is should remain purposefully immobile in order to make sure that the process will not be interrupted. This is because with every interruption, the soft tissue or the already marginal blood supply will also be interrupted.
• Infection. Infections that are recently discovered to be impediments to the healing process of broken bones are those that cause edema and necrosis.
• Separation of bone ends. Soft tissue around the area of the bone fracture should not be disturbed through excessive traction, inadequate reduction, and interposition. This is because the healing process may stop.
• Local pathology. Union of bones may not also happen when it comes to the patient having diseases such as those that weakens the tissue of musculoskeletal parts.
Bone Healing in Itself
Once you broke your bone, the human body has certain protective features that that will allow the fractured area to be covered with protective blood clot plus the callus (fibrous tissue). These two elements will already be a constant in your body in order to cover the injured area safely. On the part of the fractured bone, new bones cells will blossom in order to start the healing process.
There are also several solutions that are available to commence the healing process of the bones. If you do not want to be late when it comes to bone healing, there are a few treatments from hospitals and nature. | <urn:uuid:fbca1408-6d6c-4f9d-88d2-a7a901bb62a5> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://bonesfracture.com/factors-affecting-bone-healing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400380574.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123300-00213-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950118 | 932 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Here is the second of the "lost" diaries of young Arthur Conan Doyle, written in 1881 while he was a twenty-two-year-old student at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. In this rollicking story of high adventure, Arthur Conan Doyle serves as a British spy along with the legendary Doctor Joseph Bell - who became the real-life inspiration for the world's most famous literary detective, Sherlock Holmes. This diary details how Doyle and Dr. Bell journey to Russia on a secret forensic mission to save Europe from war. Peopled with Doyle's real-life contemporaries - including Dostoyesky and Rasputin, it is an exciting mix of murder, mystery, literary history, and humour sure to please Sherlock Holmes fans everywhere!
Keywords: sherlock holmes, mystery, crime, british, Doctor Joseph Bell, sir arthur conan doyle | <urn:uuid:ad7fd68b-3071-4f05-8185-3022e7c22239> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ellibs.com/book/9781787051539/adventures-in-russia-1881 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510238.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927003313-20230927033313-00781.warc.gz | en | 0.925343 | 181 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The hippocampus is a small area located in the heart of the brain. Scientists noticed that the smaller the hippocampus, the worse the memory. But it does not work correctly with people who take marijuana and cigarettes, says Zee News.
Two out of three people, pot smokers, smoke and additionally cigarettes. Scientists noticed that the size of Hipocampo people who use only marijuana, less than that of those who smoked cigarettes and cannabis, and cigarettes.
Interesting is another fact. The memory of the people, adhere to the "combined area" was much better. This allowed the scientists to make the assumption: there exists some mechanism by which nicotine improves memory in people with dependence on marijuana. Like it or not, will show the following studies and experiments. | <urn:uuid:33daac1e-96a0-4f6d-9ef6-c8cd5648103d> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://medicineinfo.net/specialists-using-nicotine-returned-the-memory-to-fans-of-marijuana.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107872686.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020105000-20201020135000-00501.warc.gz | en | 0.957644 | 153 | 2.765625 | 3 |
"inhabit of India or South Asia; pertaining to India," c. 1300 (noun and adjective), from Late Latin indianus, from India (see India). Applied to the aboriginal native inhabitants of the Americas from at least 1553 as a noun (1610s as an adjective), reflecting Spanish and Portuguese use, on the mistaken notion that America was the eastern end of Asia (it was also used occasionally 18c.-19c. of inhabitants of the Philippines and indigenous peoples of Australia and New Zealand). The Old English adjective was Indisc, and Indish (adj.) was common in 16c.
Red Indian, to distinguish the native Americans from inhabitants of India, is first attested 1831 in British English (Carlyle) but was not commonly used in North America. Hugh Rawson ("Wicked Words") writes that "Indian is unusual among ethnic terms for not having much pejorative value until comparatively recently." A few phrases, most of them U.S., impugn honesty or intelligence, such as Indian gift:
An Indian gift is a proverbial expression, signifying a present for which an equivalent return is expected. [Thomas Hutchinson, "History of Massachusetts Bay," 1765]
Hence Indian giver "one who gives a gift and then asks for it back" (1848). Also compare Indian summer. Indian elephant is from c. 1600; Indian corn is from 1620s; to walk Indian file is from 1758. Indian club is from 1824 as a weapon, 1825 as exercise equipment (clubs were noted in Lewis & Clark, etc., as characteristic weapons of native warriors in the American West). Indian-head (adj.) in reference to U.S. copper pennies with a portrait of an Indian in profile, from 1862.
1590s, "pertaining to the Western Hemisphere and its aboriginal inhabitants," from Modern Latin Americanus, from America (q.v.); the sense of "pertaining to the residents of North America of European (originally British) descent" is recorded by 1640s; later "pertaining to the United States." French Américain, Spanish and Italian Americano, German Amerikanisch. Fem. form Americaness attested from 1838. The American beauty rose so called from 1886. American English as a sub-language attested from 1806; Amerenglish is from 1974.
1570s, originally "one of the aboriginal peoples discovered in the Western Hemisphere by Europeans," from Modern Latin Americanus, from America (q.v.). The original sense is now Native Americans; the sense of "resident of North America of European (originally British) descent" is from 1765.
It is the American version of British All-Hallows summer, French été de la Saint-Martin (feast day Nov. 11), etc. Also colloquial was St. Luke's summer (or little summer), period of warm weather occurring about St. Luke's day (Oct. 18). An older and simpler name for it was autumn-spring (1630s).
type of defensive opening in chess, 1935, in reference to Aron Nimzowitsch (1886-1935), Latvian-born Jewish chess genius who popularized a variation of the Indian defense (1884) attributed to Indian chess player Moheschunder Bannerjee. | <urn:uuid:cf274546-62fb-4b37-984f-98982f8df3a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=American%20Indian | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030336921.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001195125-20221001225125-00758.warc.gz | en | 0.950602 | 695 | 3.640625 | 4 |
c. 1511; Oil on hardboard transferred from panel, painted surface: 87 x 75 cm; support: 89 x 77.6 cm; National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, USA
Among the outstanding German artists of the period around 1500 was Hans Baldung Grien, a printmaker and painter. He produced book illustrations, devotional woodcuts, stained-glass window designs, portraits, and morality paintings as well as religious panels such as this one.
John the Baptist is here depicted to the left of Jesus. He simultaneously gestures to the lamb at his feet and to the infant, visually alluding to his own description of Christ as "the Lamb of God." The Virgin's mother, Saint Anne, although dressed in a sixteenth-century wimple, wears her traditional robe of red, a symbol of divine love. Garbed in green, symbolic of rebirth and eternal life, Mary offers Jesus an apple. This fruit, associated with the fall of Adam and Eve, here signifies Mary as the new Eve and Christ as the second Adam.
Baldung Grien's figures are symbolically, rather than realistically, depicted. Mary, for instance, is represented as a very young girl. And, although John and Jesus historically were about the same age, the Baptist is portrayed as an adult to emphasize his prophetic message. The painting was discovered in a small village church in Alsace, an area where the artist spent most of his life. | <urn:uuid:a1506c4b-1bdc-4f9e-9c97-9da30fd81a49> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/baldung/st-anne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662058.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00134-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979112 | 296 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Putting Soul into Science
In an attempt to counteract the materalistic science of our times, Dr. Michael Friedjung, an astrophysicist, gives us an overview of the history of science, as well as the role, basic assumptions and limitations of science. He describes the upheavals in scientific thinking during the twentieth century and goes on to investigate where the spiritual aspects of science may be found. Based on these concepts, he points towards a New Science.
About the author
Michael Friedjung was born in 1940 in England of Austrian refugee parents who had escaped from the Nazis. He was already deeply interested in science at eleven years of age, and uniting science and spirituality eventually became his aim. He studied astronomy, obtaining a Bsc in 1961 and his Phd in 1965. After short stays in South Africa and Canada, he went to France in 1967 on a post-doctoral fellowship and later was appointed to a permanent position at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in 1969, where he is now Research Director. After living with the contradictions between official science and spiritual teachings, he began to see solutions to at least some of the problems, which are described in this book.
TO ORDER: Click to send us your order. In the body type "Putting Soul into Science".
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By Mike Kahl
Many people argue that the marijuana now a days is far more dangerous than 30 years ago. There is no medical evidence that shows high-potency marijuana is more harmful than low-potency marijuana. Marijuana is literally one of the least toxic substances known. High-potency marijuana is actually preferable because less is of it consumed to obtain the desired effect; thereby reducing the amount of smoke that enters the lungs and lowering the risk of any respiratory health hazards. Claiming that high-potency marijuana is more harmful than low-potency marijuana is like claiming that wine is more harmful than beer.
The chance of contracting cancer from smoking marijuana is extremely small. Tobacco smokers usually smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day for decades, but hardly anyone smokes marijuana in the quantity and frequency required to cause cancer. A 1997 UCLA study showed that even extended and heavy marijuana smoking caused no serious lung damage. Respiratory health hazards and cancer risks can be totally eliminated by ingesting marijuana in baked foods.
Many people say that since Marijuana contains over 400 chemicals, it must be dangerous. Coffee contains 1,500 chemicals. Rat poison contains only 30 chemicals. Plus, many common foods contain cancer-causing chemicals. Cancer risks from common foods far super-cede any risk of cancer presented by marijuana use. There is no connection between the number of chemicals something contains and its toxicity.
Marijuana is not physically addicting. Medical studies rank marijuana as a less addictive substance than caffeine. The legal drugs of tobacco and alcohol can be as addicting as heroin or cocaine. Marijuana is one of the least habit forming substances known. There are also little if any withdrawal symptoms.
The efforts of the pharmaceutical industry prove that marijuana has not only recreational properties, but medical ones as well. Sure there are pharmaceutical versions of the main active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol or THC, but that is not the only active ingredient. Others include cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, and many more who's combined effects make cannabis such a good medicine. The pharmaceutical industries' versions are not only ineffective, but many users report undesirable side effects such as nausea and upset stomach. They also stated that the drugs, such as Marinol and Sativex, do not work as well as natural marijuana.
Cannabis is an effective analgesic. That means that it is an effective painkiller. It also relieves pressure behind the eyes which makes it ideal for glaucoma patients. It also helps with neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, migraine and bipolar disorder. Sativex has been approved for treating multiple-sclerosis. It is also a great appetite stimulator and is often used by cancer patients not only to help them eat and reduce nausea, but to help with the pain from chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
THC is also a neuroprotector, which means it helps to protect neurons from injury or degeneration. A recent study in Madrid, Spain, proved that marijuana not only does not cause cancer, it can also cure it. The study showed that when mice with malignant tumors were treated with marijuana, the tumors stopped growing and even more remarkably, their size was greatly reduced. The experiment shocked the international community even though it was not widely publicized in the United States.
This was not the first time this type of experiment had been done. In 1974 researchers in Virginia were funded by the National institute od Health to prove that marijuana was harmful. Their actual findings proved otherwise. The government quickly shut down the project and in 1983, the Reagan and Bush administration persuaded universities to destroy and evidence of the study. Now it is impossible to find any information about it. This shows that the government does what's best for its self, not what is right. They lie to the people all the time. Why should this be any different?
This completely contradicted the governments statement saying that marijuana is harmful and causes cancer. In another study done by Donald Tashkin, he found that marijuana smokers were no more likely to get lung cancer than non-marijuana smokers. On the contrary, people who smoked marijuana were less likely to get lung cancer than people who did not smoke.
The use of marijuana dates back thousands of years. The fibers from the stalk of the plants make extremely high quality paper that doesn’t change color with age. One handful of hemp seeds contains all the protein an average male needs for an entire day. The oil is clean burning and it is easily extracted from the seeds.
The Spanish Armada back in the late fifteen hundreds used only hemp for their sails. Flax sails rot after about three months of use. Russia used to produce eighty percent of the world hemp back in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Each British shit relied heavily on Russian hemp. Each individual ship would go through about fifty tons of hemp every one or two years. Napoleon invaded Russia to stop the Czar from selling hemp to Britain. This part of history is often overlooked and is never taught in the United States.
Now a days, marijuana arrests account for almost half of all drug arrests in the United States, which spends over seven billion dollars a year to catch, prosecute and incarcerate offenders. That is a lot of tax payer's money. Anyway, today, some people say, “its illegal because its bad for your body and it can kill you.”
If this was true then why are cigarettes still legal? Marijuana is illegal only because the government cannot make much money if it is legalized. They make more money from the tobacco industry that pay the people in power. That is why cigarettes are still legal, its legal because the government put a tax on it, so they make money every time somebody buys a pack. Tobacco kills over 470,000 people every year in the United States It is also addictive.
Marijuana is not addictive, and it kills zero people every year. Also, of the 734,000 marijuana arrests in 2000, only six percent resulted in a felony conviction. So they caught all those people, and they could only convict six percent of them.
The myth about marijuana being the gateway drug is also false . In Holland, marijuana was legalized in the 1970s, and hard drug use actually decreased. The main reason it is called a gateway drug is because it is often used along with other drugs. This is because it is so widely used. If someone uses cocaine or heroin, it is very likely that they also use marijuana. That does not mean that every person who uses marijuana is going to go and start using crack-cocaine.
The only crime that marijuana smokers commit is using marijuana. People will kill to get crack, meth, and opioids such as herion. The desire to smoke is just not that great. People will not murder each other just to get a joint, contrary to what the government told people to make it illegal to begin with.
The reasons that marijuana is illegal are completely different than those of the early twentieth century. In the “Reefer Madness Era”, the cigarette, cotton, and alcohol industries spend millions of dollars misleading the public. They knew what a useful plant it is and they also knew that its widespread use would hurt their billion dollar companies.
It was them who came up with the name marijuana. A name which was used by Mexican workers. Everyone else knew it as either hemp or cannabis. They told the public that marijuana would cause people to become violent. Also, the people who were mainly using it at that time where blacks. Of course, all of the people in power were white, racist men who would do anything to cause discomfort to black people.
A media blitz of “yellow journalism” raged in the late 1920s and 1930s. Newspapers ran stories emphasizing the horrors of marijuana. The menace of marijuana made headlines. Readers learned that it was responsible for everything from car accidents to loose morality.
Films like “Reefer Madness” (1936), “Marijuana: Assassin of Youth” (1935), and “Marijuana: The Devil's Weed” (1936) were propaganda designed by these industrialists to create an enemy. Their purpose was to gain public support so that anti-marijuana laws could be passed.
The film, “Reefer Madness” stated that marijuana was a violent narcotic, that it caused acts of shocking violence, incurable insanity and had soul-destroying effects. Also that under the influence of the drug a boy killed his entire family with an ax. They said that it was more vicious, and more deadly even than soul-destroying drugs such as heroin and cocaine. Reefer Madness did not end with the usual 'the end.' The film concluded with these words plastered on the screen: TELL YOUR CHILDREN.
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers grew hemp. Jefferson smuggled hemp seeds from China to France then to America. Benjamin Franklin owned one of the first paper mills in America and it processed hemp. Also, the War of 1812 was fought over hemp. Napoleon wanted to cut off Moscow's export to England. For thousands of years, ninty percent of all ships' sails and rope were made from hemp. The word “canvas” is Dutch for cannabis. Eighty percent of all textiles, fabrics, clothes, linen, drapes, bed sheets, etc. were made from hemp until the 1820s with the introduction of the cotton gin.
The first Bibles, maps, charts, Betsy Ross's flag, the first drafts of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were made from hemp. The first crop grown in many states was hemp. 1850 was a peak year for Kentucky producing forty thousand tons. Hemp was the largest cash crop until the twentieth century. Oldest known records of hemp farming go back five thousand years in China, although hemp industrialization probably goes back to ancient Egypt. Rembrants, Gainsboroughs, Van Goghs as well as most early canvas paintings were principally painted on hemp linen.
In 1916, the U.S. Government predicted that by the 1940s all paper would come from hemp and that no more trees need to be cut down. Government studies report that one acre of hemp equals four point one acres of trees. Quality paints and varnishes were made from hemp seed oil until 1937. fifty-eight thousand tons of hemp seeds were used in America for paint products in 1935. Henry Ford's first Model-T was built to run on hemp gasoline. The car its self was built from hemp. On his large estate, Ford was photographed among his hemp fields. The car, 'grown from the soil,' had hemp plastic panels whose impact strength was ten times stronger than steel.
Of course, lets not forget the recreational benifits either. Why do some many people use marijuana? Mainly because it is fun and relaxing. Sure, there are medical benifits, but they are out numbered by the recreational ones. Just about any advocate for legalization will admit that the use of it medicaly is not the only reason it should be legalized. Marijuana actually saves lives everyday. The world today is full of pressure so succeed. If one fails to do this, then they can become very depressed. Using marijunana helps to relax these people. They have a few hours of peace where they dont have to think about the pressures of everyday life. This is not always a bad thing.
One of the main reasons people argue against legalization is because they say that you should not run away from your problems. Well, why do you think that people drink sometimes? Because then they dont have to think about the fact that they might not be as good at something as the world would like them to be. Cigarette smokers need to constantly smoke in order to be normal. If they get stressed, the only way to effectively releive that stress is by smoking a cigarette.
Marijuana is safer than both of those. Even though it is illegal and not recommended, people can drive while they are high. When someone consumes only small ammounts, they are actually more cautious on the road. Studies compairing drivers under the influence of alcohol, compaired to the influence of marijuana show that drunk drivers are worse drivers. The main reason people smoke marijuana in cars is because it is one of the only safe places for them to do it withour getting caught. If it were legalized, then they could just light up where every they wanted. Then they could wait the hour or two until they were sober again.
It is not harmful at all. The smoke does not cause cancer, it is a good medicine, research shows that it is an effective painkiller, studies from across the globe prove that it can help reduce the size of tumors, it has been used for thousands of years, the fibers are strong and reliable, and it has great use as a recreational drug. Therefore there is no reason it should remain illegal. If so many people use it, and so many people want it legalized, then the government should do their job and listen to the people.
“Men at some time are masters of their fates: The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves” Julius Caesar (I,ii,139-140). In “The tragedy of Julius Caesar” by William Shakespeare, there are many controversies. One of the many, but the most important, is whether or not the murder of the most influential man of Rome was justified. It was. It was because Caesar was the hypertension of Rome. Only a select few knew that he was dangerous and ambitious, and they did the right thing to neutralize the threat. Brutus’ motive to kill his dearly beloved friend Caesar were just. Caesar was an ambitious man, and he did not respect or care about the citizens of Rome. When you combine these and the fact that he was the dictator and had total control, you can see why the only option was to kill him. There was no other beneficial option. The only other alternative was to live as bondsman to a ruthless slave owner, and this was no alternative.
Marcus Brutus’ motives to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar are honorable and just. It is normal for man to want to choose him own fate, therefor it is normal for man to fear a dictator, especially when he has as much power and influence as Caesar. Caesar has the power, once he is crowned, to use his authority and army to enforce what ever laws he makes, no matter how bad it could hurt Rome and its citizens. Brutus recognizes this and states that “It is the bright day that brings out the adder, and that craves wary walking. Crown that, and then I grant we put a sting in him that at his will he may do danger with” Julius Caesar (II.i.14-17). The death of one man, no matter his innocence, is an acceptable loss if it can save thousands of Romans from the poison of a possible tyrant. Even though it is not certain that Caesar will become a ruthless dictator, it is not worth waiting to see how he will turn out. Brutus realizes that Caesar will most likely forget where he came from once he climbs the ladder of power. He will forget about the people who elevated him to his current position once they are not of any importance and ignorance leads to hardship. Julius Caesar (II.i.21-27). To pull the ladder out from under a man who will soon reach the top is the best strategy for preventing a deadly plague on Rome. The motives of Brutus are clearly just. His motives are driven by honor, not ambition. If a highly educated, honorable, and much respected Senator such as Brutus believes that this is the right thing to do, and he is supported by many more men held in the same esteem, then it is the right thing to do. Why should the lives of so many innocent people be put in jeopardy when all of those hardships can be eliminated by eliminating once single soon to be tyrant? They should not.
Brutus knew that no Roman’s life should be put in danger. For the general, he could not wait to see how Caesar would act once he had total control. By that time, any action to surpress him would be otiose. He would have no need for the Senate, so they would be terminated. The people of Rome would have no representation as to how they were to be ruled. It became obvious to Brutus that Caesar wanted to be the ruler when Casca said this. “He put it by thrice, every time gentler that other... to my thinking, he would fain have had it.” - Julius Caesar (I, ii, 28). He would happily have had it. Is this not to be considered ambitious? Caesar clearly wanted to be the dictator of the largest and most powerful empire ever created. He obviously wanted the crown. This is a predominant sign that he wanted power. He was blind to all else. After insolently ignoring three warnings that his life would be in danger on the Ides of March, Caesar sat among the men and conspirators and denied their pleas to revoke the exile of Publius Cimber. He then went on to compare himself to the brightest star and finally he compares himself to a god. Julius Caesar (III, i, 60). At that point, the attack began. He was stabbed to death by men who were on their knees begging that he recall Cimber's expulsion. To compare himself to god he must be very arrogant and that leads to ambition because of the notion that he could do anything. Therefore, Caesar was ambitious.
Julius did not have any respect for the people of Rome. Caesar did not care about his people as much as Mark Antony would have liked them to believe. He showed it time and time again. One such time “The entire Senate, armed with an imposing list of honours that they had just voted him, came to where he sat in front of the temple of Mother Venus, he did not rise to greet them” (Suetonius 201). To not even stand when the men that the people elected choose to give you numerous honours shows blatant disrespect. This is the same feeling he had towards the general population. The feeling that he was better than everyone else. He also was a ruthless fighter and general. He would send his and his men's horses away once they reached the battle so that none of them could try and retreat. If his army started giving ground, he would grab his retreating troops by the throat and throw them in the direction of the enemy, towards death (Suetonius 202). This showed how invaluable the lives of his men were. He cared not whether they survived the battle, as long as he won. Any man who is willing to sacrifice his followers does not deserve to lead.
Clearly the best and only option was to crush the egg before it hatched, and that is precisely what Brutus and the other conspirators did. Their reasoning was justified. Their intentions were honorable. They did not kill anyone else other than the treat. That alone proves that none of them committed this act of violence for gain, because if they had, they would have killed Mark Antony who surely would cause problems. The honorable conspirators were willing to accept the consequences of their actions, and they did. They also kept fighting for the people of Rome, even when those people were too dumb to know it. Caesar deserved to die. | <urn:uuid:ae32781e-d458-4c2f-a42d-00aa4986308e> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://www.angelfire.com/blog/smokeweedeveryday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999620.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624171058-20190624193058-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.97963 | 4,003 | 2.578125 | 3 |
By Sarah Guy, medwireNews Reporter
Patients with cancer in low-income nations present for surgical treatment at a young age, advanced stage of disease, and often receive palliative rather than curative procedures, suggests a study in Malawi.
"The small number of surgeons in most developing countries makes access to surgical care a major barrier to cancer care," report the study's authors in the Archives of Surgery.
Less than a fifth of cancers in the study were diagnosed based on histologic analysis, cytologic testing, or laboratory values, note the researchers, highlighting some of the barriers to providing basic cancer surgical services aside from surgeons and supplies.
"Patients require an accurate cancer diagnosis and appropriate cancer staging to optimize surgical decision making," say Peter Kingham (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA) and colleagues.
The team examined 28 months of operating room logbooks from Malawi that revealed 1440 general and urologic operations, 17.8% of which resulted in a diagnosis suggestive of cancer. The most common cancers overall were prostate, esophageal, gastric, breast, and colon.
The mean age at presentation was 53 years, note the authors, with 80.0%, 77.8%, and 51.7% of testicular, breast, and colon cancer patients presenting under the age of 50 years. The respective proportion of US adults diagnosed with these cancers under the age of 50 years is 86.0%, 22.0%, and 9.0%, according to 2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.
Gastrointestinal cancer procedures were especially likely to be undertaken with a palliative intent, with 76.0% of esophageal cancer patients receiving palliative gastric feeding tubes during their procedure. Furthermore, just 29.4% of colorectal cancer patients could be treated curatively.
Kingham and co-writers suggest "four key strategies" for low-resource settings: improvement of pathology services, for example virtual pathology laboratories using telepathology; improvement of radiology services including teleoncology initiatives and access to less expensive imaging tools; improved data collection, for example, a data card carrying basic patient information; and modified guideline implementation, such as the Breast Health Global Initiative.
"General surgeons and surgical oncologists in the developed world can fill a major void by increasing awareness, collaborating globally, and supporting surgical colleagues in developing countries," concludes the team.
Licensed from medwireNews with permission from Springer Healthcare Ltd. ©Springer Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved. Neither of these parties endorse or recommend any commercial products, services, or equipment. | <urn:uuid:8e7f4e0d-626f-40a0-af5f-b93d5291ad64> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.news-medical.net/news/20121228/Surgeons-Support-your-low-income-neighbor.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010707300/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091147-00082-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942306 | 544 | 2.875 | 3 |
Doodling builds brain connections — it’s great for you and your kids. Take doodling to the next level and try zentangles. In fact, host your own DIY zentangle camp for kids!
If you’re a visual or kinesthetic learner, doodling helps you learn and recall information. Sunny Brown says in her TED Talk, “People who doodle when they’re exposed to verbal information retain more of that information than their non-doodling counterparts. We think doodling is something you do when you lose focus, but in reality, it is a preemptive measure to stop you from losing focus. Additionally, it has a profound effect on creative problem-solving and deep information processing.”
Ready to get doodling?
Zentangle for Kids
Doodling is random but if you still want to doodle but use patterns and still getting the brain benefits plus meditative elements, try Zentangle — a way of drawing in patterns. Zentangle can be for adults and kids both.
Kids can use any paper to Zentangle. We recommend the heavier mixed-media paper and use Strathmore Visual Journals.
Beginning Zentangle for Kids
To start zentangling, draw inersecting lines on your paper from top to bottom and side to side.
In each section bordered by lines, fill it in with patterns!
See how I fill in all the sections with different shapes and patterns?
Basic Zentangle Patterns
Start by drawing intersecting lines like below. (Or intersecting circles.)
Color in checkers.
Draw plus signs.
Draw splotches with dots.
Draw squares or triangles in the boxes.
It’s all about repeating shapes, right?
For three-dimensional lines, make curvy, bendy lines across the section. Add more that go under the previous lines. Color in the background.
Isn’t this fun? And, you don’t have to be an expert artist. I’m not! It’s just fun and good for your brain.
More Zentangles for Kids Ideas
1. HAND: Draw the outline of your hand. Zentangle inside it.
2. YOUR NAME: Draw your name in block letters. Zengangle in and around the letters.
3. CARDS: Make your own Zengangle greeting cards.
4. ROCKS: Draw Zentangle patterns on smooth stones.
Zentangle for Kids Share
SHARE your zentangle doodles on the Imagination Soup Facebook page!! I can’t wait to see what you draw! | <urn:uuid:57971222-b728-4d10-9225-a731c68ff06f> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://imaginationsoup.net/2013/07/diy-summer-art-school-zentangle-doodles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042988065.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00284-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.844202 | 563 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector will allow researchers to listen to the Big Bang and to black holes forming throughout the universe.
New technology that breaks the quantum measurement barrier has been developed to detect the gravity waves first predicted by Einstein in 1916.
Professor David Blair was one of 800 physicists from around the world who announced a breakthrough in measurement science last month.
“Gravitational wave astronomy is going to be the new astronomy that’s likely to really revolutionize our understanding of the universe,” he says. “It will allow us to listen to the Big Bang and to black holes forming throughout the universe.”
“These are detectors that can allow humanity to explore the beginning of time and the end of time.”
According to current theory, time began with the big bang and ends in black holes. Specialized equipment known as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) uses laser beams to measure gravitational ripples of space and time.
The detector consists of an L-shaped vacuum system, four kilometers long, with mirrors at the ends. Lasers directed at the mirrors are isolated from irrelevant vibrations by a vibration isolation system.
He says the addition of a new technique called ‘quantum squeezing’ at the world’s largest gravitational wave detector allowed researchers to eliminate a lot of the ‘noise’ caused by quantum fluctuations.
“The recent announcement is the first implementation in a multi-kilometer detector.” “It proves that the quantum barrier [that] physicists thought would limit sensitivity can be overcome.”
The new equipment has allowed the physicists to break the quantum measurement barrier, defined until recently by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
“This is a major breakthrough that makes us even more confident that in a few years we will begin to directly measure the ripples in space,” he says. As a result there is no lower limit on the amount of measurable energy, and extremely subtle gravitational waves will become detectable.
“These instruments represent the pinnacle of technology,” he says. “They’ve got the most perfect mirrors ever created, they’ve got the most powerful laser light that’s ever been used in any measuring system.”
“They’ve got a vacuum that is so good that the size of any leak would represent less than a teaspoon full of air leaking into it in about 300 years.”
“They can measure the smallest amounts of energy that has ever been measured but the new method enables them measure even less.”
“The uncertainties from empty space can be suppressed so as to measure something even smaller.”
Publication: J. Aasi, et al., “Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector by using squeezed states of light,” Nature Photonics 7, 613–619, 2013; doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.177
Image: Werner Benger, NASAblueshift | <urn:uuid:9a9883d4-ca93-49e3-83b5-ef93a7c99704> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://scitechdaily.com/improvements-to-ligo-detector-will-allow-scientists-to-listen-to-black-holes-forming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256958.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522203319-20190522225319-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.92805 | 636 | 3.796875 | 4 |
In a previous blog, I had the chance to give my general impressions on the “Animal Inside Out” exhibition currently being shown at the Museum. I was particularly entranced by the technique used for this exhibition: plastination.
There are several methods in existence for preserving animal tissues. One technique akin to plastination, called paraffinization, is in use since the beginning of the 20th century. It consists of injecting paraffin into soft, fresh tissues from which water has been extracted. But the results in terms of handling and long-term conservation can hardly be compared to plastination. Just how widespread is the use of this plastination technique, particularly in natural history museums?
Natural history collection curators have a battery of different conservation methods that can be adapted to various uses and specific goals. For example, the Canadian Museum of Nature vertebrate collections that I manage as curator include tens of thousands of complete or partial skeletons. There are almost just as many skins preserved in various forms: round, flat, naturalized, dried, preserved in liquid, refrigerated, and frozen. Over one million complete fish, amphibians and reptiles are preserved in 70% ethanol or 10% formalin. We also have internal organs, though they generally make up a small portion of our collections.
The Canadian Museum of Nature also owns a freeze dryer for extracting all the water contained in an organism. This produces a dry specimen that keeps its natural appearance and is supposedly easy to preserve. About forty years ago, tests were done to use freeze-drying techniques as a less costly alternative to taxidermy. Our phycologists also prepare diatoms in this manner to reveal their inner structure—similar to what plastination is seeking to achieve.
However, unlike the ease of handling associated with plastinated specimens, museum specimens prepared or preserved using the above techniques have a few drawbacks. Mammals and birds prepared using freeze-drying techniques are now too fragile and brittle to be handled extensively. In addition, body fats seep through the skin and damage the fur or feathers, making the specimens more prone to insect attacks. From the specimens in our bird collection prepared in this way, only the American Robin was saved from these destructive agents. Specimens kept in alcohol or formalin pose some challenges because of the dangerous nature of these chemical preservatives, likely to cause serious health problems in humans.
Plastination would be of great value in exhibitions because it produces realistic specimens. Museums would greatly benefit from it because specimens no longer need any maintenance. Why isn’t it being used? Is it because this technique is too costly that museums are so reluctant? Note that preparing the giraffe for the BodyWorlds: Animal Inside Out exhibition required almost 30,000 person-hours of work. An elephant not shown at the museum in Ottawa required 65,000 person-hours. In other words, if I set out to prepare this elephant by myself, I would need 33 years of full-time work to complete the project. It would then be the only project I would complete in my entire career! That’s much too long for a single specimen.
Plastination is better adapted to the needs of teaching general anatomy. It is not used in natural history museums. There is however one point in common between plastination and taxidermy in a museum setting. While in the first case the skin is removed to show the original structural configuration of the body’s internal organs, the animals are reconstituted at the museum with the skin back on, in an artistic and often theatrical fashion to exhibit them as naturalized specimens. In this way, specimens in both cases are no longer simply corpses, but creatures that come to life. They are shown in all their splendour to foster an appreciation of, and profound respect for, living things.
(Translated from French) | <urn:uuid:5062c383-413b-40a7-b9c0-6f29488b9b01> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://canadianmuseumofnature.wordpress.com/2015/06/05/plastination-and-taxidermy-which-is-best-for-a-museum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660067.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015155056-20191015182556-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.958159 | 797 | 3.421875 | 3 |
- What is clean-room manufacturing?
Clean Room Manufacturing
It is the manufacturing of products under clean conditions in which aerosols, pollutants, different microbes and dust particles are particularly filtered in controlled environment. High Efficiency Particulate Air filters are widely used in clean-room manufacturing in order to clean the contaminated air, different microbes as well as dust particles. It is used in different industries for production of valuable products such as medical, mechanical or machine parts, electronics as well as in pharmaceuticals. The characteristics of clean room manufacturing are the following:
- Dust-free air
- Clean equipment
- Seamless plastic walls
- No contamination
- HEPA air filters
2. Why is it relevant today?
Clean-room manufacturing has become the most popular technology for safe and reliable manufacturing of useful products free from any type of contamination. Large varieties of industrial products with high precision can be produced at commercial level. Through clean-room manufacturing, final products have less chances of contamination. Without clean-room manufacturing, components tend to render with impurities that significantly decreases the efficiency of the parts produced. Clean-room manufacturing makes it easy to control the contaminants caused by personnel operations or other hazardous materials. It is also helpful for efficient designing to control the entry and exit of materials through the process.
3. In which industries is it the most beneficial and why?
- Aerospace Industry: Aerospace industry relies on clean room technology to perform precise experiments as well as to produce integral equipment such as space-flight lasers. Creating highly sensitive aerospace tools requires the clean room technology to ensure no contaminants or pollutants compromise the tools used in the manufacturing process.
- Optical Industry: Camera lenses that found on smartphones and professional cameras have been manufactured through cleanroom technology that ensures no particles are floating around in the manufacturing space in order to control the temperature and humidity to create the perfect environment necessary for precise creation of optical parts.
- Nanotechnology: Nanochips, laptops, smartphones and tablets have been manufactured through cleanroom technology because they are cost effective and manufactured in strictly monitored cleanroom. As nanotechnology continues to expand, cleanrooms have also become useful in recent green energy initiatives.
- Electronics Industry: Cleanrooms technology also used in electronic industry to make several different cleanroom products such as anti-static coveralls and lab coats, anti-static wipes, electrostatic discharge cleaning products and bench mats.
Requirements and specifications. ISO standards
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the worldwide organization that prepares guidelines for international standards by organizing technical committees. ISO 14644-1:2015 is divided into 9 classes depending upon the size of particles in microns. Each class differs from each other on the basis of its specifications and capacity to clean the air. These fine classes have been presented in the table.
|ISO Class||Requirements of Particle Size in Microns||Specifications|
|ISO Level||> 0.1||> 0.2||> 0.3||> 0.5||> 1||> 5||General Specifications|
|ISO 1||10||2||1||0.08||0.002||0.0004||Nanotechnology, Electronics|
|ISO 2||100||24||10||4||0||0||Micro Electronics, Rebuilding|
|ISO 3||1000||237||102||35||8||0||Micro Electronics|
|ISO 4||10,000||2370||1020||352||83||0||Data Recovery|
|ISO 5||10,0000||23700||10200||3520||832||29||Semiconductors, Aerosols, Optical|
|ISO 6||1000000||237000||102000||35200||8320||293||Aerosols, Optical,|
|ISO 7||N/A||N/A||N/A||352000||83200||2930||Pharmaceuticals, Aerosols, Optical,|
|ISO 8||N/A||N/A||N/A||3520000||832000||29300||Mechanical industry, Pharmaceuticals|
|ISO 9||N/A||N/A||N/A||35200000||8320000||293000||Food industry|
4. What is NRE (Non-Recurring Engineering) for clean room injection molding
Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE)
NRE generally stands for Non-Recurring Engineering that refers to one-time costs to develop as well as design a new product during manufacturing.
Different plastic parts are manufactured by injecting the polymer into the aluminum mold. On cooling, polymer gives the shape of the mold. NRE costs would be applied on newly manufactured plastic products. NRE in PCB industry generally refers to the specific setup costs for manufacturing the newly introduced PCB assembly. NRE charge mainly accounts for the cost of following services:
- Programming of Pick & Place
- Reflow Soldering
- Inspection machines
- Creation of the solder stencils and electrical test beds for particular project.
5. Equipment needed for clean room injection molding. Specifics and care
Equipment for Clean room injection molding
Clean room injection molding is widely used in different industries such as mechanical, optical, semiconductor and electronics. It depends on the precise & specific requirements for production and flow processes acquired by individual industry.
High speed CNC particularly used for metal fabrication like aluminum and gold ensures the high level of precision.
Precision wire EDM
Precision wire EDM used for the clean room injection molding for the production of metal parts and coatings. It also ensures the high level of precision.
Laminar airflow used for the clean room injection molding to control the air quality through filters such as High Efficiency Particulate Air.
Precision EDM machine
EDM machine is used for the removal of the particular coating by applying the electric supply. EDM also ensures the high level of precision keeping the right kind of industrial product.
Wittmann external dryer
It is used for drying purpose to ensure the manufacturing of plastics with high quality.
Pneumatic cylinders are widely used to control the demolding by ejector movements of metal through air blasts. It ultimately leads to increase the final product efficiency.
Hydraulic core pins
These are used to remove the mold or broken parts during manufacturing process.
Their function in clean room injection molding to control the temperature and ensure the final product quality obtained after manufacturing.
6. What is the future of clean-room manufacturing? Trends, forecasts, market growth
Today, different industries, public sectors and well reputed companies get benefits through advancements in clean room manufacturing by achieving high quality. Technical solutions in cleanroom manufacturing are always adapted to new processes. It also ultimately leads to technical progress through innovations in clean room technology.
Trends, Forecasts & Market Growth
Clean room manufacturing has gained more importance in economic sectors particularly focusing on clean environmental conditions. Clean room manufacturing has become the safest technology in the modern era due to its continuous growth and latest innovations during all operations. Due to high customer demands, manufacturers always try to adopt the high quality standards in clean room operations as well as improvements in profitability and economic efficiency. Technological advancements as well as effective requirements in clean room manufacturing also improve the market growth.
The cleanroom technology market is valued at USD 6.454 billion in 2020 and expected to reach a value of USD 8.87 billion by 2026 at a CAGR of 5.45% over the forecast period (2021-2026). It is always difficult to predict where the next significant developments might occur through clean room technology. In near future, hard wall cleanrooms will be designed to make rigid wall construction which will drive their sale in the cleanroom technology industry in 2020-2030.
- Britannica,T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2016, February 15). Clean room. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/clean-room
- “Cleanroom and Controlled Environment Attire – ANSI Blog”. The ANSI Blog. 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
- Colorado, H. A., Velásquez, E. I. G., & Monteiro, S. N. (2020). Sustainability of additive manufacturing: the circular economy of materials and environmental perspectives. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(4), 8221-8234.
- Chidley, M. D. (2005). High numerical aperture injection-molded miniature objective for fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscopy.
- Holbrook, D. (2009). Controlling contamination: the origins of clean room technology. History and Technology, 25(3), 173-191.
- Hans H. Gatzen, Volker Saile, Jürg Leuthold. 2015. Enabling Technologies II—Contamination Control. Micro and Nano Fabrication, pages 455-494
- ISO 2889, Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities
- ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration
- James L. Provo. (2017) Handling, transfer, storage, and shipping of commercial thin film hydride disk target samples. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 35:3, pages 033202.
- Koyani, R. D. (2020). Synthetic polymers for Microneedle synthesis: From Then to Now. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 102071.
- Market Venture Philippines Inc. web site (2006-04-19). “What is a Clean Room?”. Archived from the original on 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
- Oluwaseyi T. Ogunsola, Junke Wang, Li Song. (2019) Survey of particle production rates from process activities in pharmaceutical and biological cleanrooms. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 25:6, pages 692-704.
- Sandle, T (November 2012).”Application of quality risk management to set viable environmental monitoring frequencies in biotechnology processing and support areas” . PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 66 (6): 560–79.
- Rosato, D. V., & Rosato, M. G. (2012). Injection molding handbook. Springer Science & Business Media.
- W. Whyte (17 October 2001). Cleanroom Technology: Fundamentals of Design, Testing and Operation. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-86842-2. | <urn:uuid:8cb4d5ce-cace-4f91-a3bc-8f5f4dfde5fb> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.tampabaynewswire.com/2021/03/09/clean-room-manufacturing-and-injection-molding-96201 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154163.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801061513-20210801091513-00512.warc.gz | en | 0.88003 | 2,241 | 3.25 | 3 |
|Naming||USGS / IAU on May 16, 2012.|
The NASA Mars Science Laboratory mission delivered a rover to the crater plain in August 2012 to begin an extended mission of exploration and planetary science. As of 2013[update], the rover, named Curiosity, explores Aeolis Palus as part of its planned science mission.
On August 5, 2012, at 10:32 p.m. PDT/mission time (August 6, 2012 at 5:32 UTC), mission control at JPL received a signal from the NASA Curiosity rover that it had successfully landed in "Yellowknife" Quad 51 of Aeolis Palus. The rover's mission is to explore the surface area of Gale Crater focusing first near its landing site on Aeolis Palus and then venturing into the nearby foothills of Aeolis Mons (unofficially, "Mount Sharp") to investigate its geological features and strata.
On September 26, 2013, NASA scientists reported the Mars Curiosity rover detected "abundant, easily accessible" water (1.5 to 3 weight percent) in soil samples at the Rocknest region of Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater. In addition, NASA reported the rover found two principal soil types: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic type, similar to other martian soils and martian dust, was associated with hydration of the amorphous phases of the soil. Also, perchlorates, the presence of which may make detection of life-related organic molecules difficult, were found at the Curiosity rover landing site (and earlier at the more polar site of the Phoenix lander) suggesting a "global distribution of these salts". NASA also reported that Jake M rock, a rock encountered by Curiosity on the way to Glenelg, was a mugearite and very similar to terrestrial mugearite rocks.
On December 9, 2013, NASA reported that, based on evidence from Curiosity studying Aeolis Palus, Gale Crater contained an ancient freshwater lake which could have been a hospitable environment for microbial life.
On December 16, 2014, NASA reported detecting, based on measurements by the Curiosity rover, an unusual increase, then decrease, in the amounts of methane in the atmosphere of the planet Mars; in addition, organic chemicals were detected in powder drilled from a rock by the Curiosity rover. Also, based on deuterium to hydrogen ratio studies, much of the water at Gale Crater on Mars was found to have been lost during ancient times, before the lakebed in the crater was formed; afterwards, large amounts of water continued to be lost.
"Bradbury Landing" is a named location on Aeolis Palus. It is where the Curiosity rover landed. The coordinates of the landing site are: . The landing site location was named for science fiction author Ray Bradbury. NASA announced the name on Bradbury's 92nd birthday, August 22, in honor of the author who died a few months earlier on June 5, 2012. Michael Meyer, NASA program scientist for Curiosity, said "This was not a difficult choice for the science team. Many of us and millions of other readers were inspired in our lives by stories Ray Bradbury wrote to dream of the possibility of life on Mars." Bradbury wrote a collection of stories called The Martian Chronicles in the 1940s. The Curiosity team left a message on Twitter "In tribute, I dedicate my landing spot on Mars to you, Ray Bradbury. Greetings from Bradbury Landing!" NASA released a video of Bradbury reading his poem "If Only We Had Taller Been".
Curiosity rover landing site in Aeolis Palus and surroundings — first 360 color panorama (August 8/10vid, 2012).
Curiosity rover landing site - "Yellowknife" Quad 51 (1-mi-by-1-mi) of Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater.
Aeolis Palus with Aeolis Mons ("Mount Sharp") as viewed by the Curiosity rover (August 6, 2012).
- USGS (May 16, 2012). "Three New Names Approved for Features on Mars". USGS. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- NASA Staff (March 27, 2012). "'Mount Sharp' on Mars Compared to Three Big Mountains on Earth". NASA. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
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- Amos, Jonathan (August 9, 2012). "Mars rover makes first colour panorama". BBC News. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
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|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aeolis Palus.|
|Look up Aeolis Palus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
- Google Mars scrollable map - centered on Aeolis Palus.
- Aeolis Palus - Curiosity rover "StreetView" (Sol 2 - 08/08/2012) - NASA/JPL - 360° Panorama
- Aeolis Palus - Curiosity rover Mission Summary - Video (02:37)
- Aeolis Palus - Image/Soil Closeup
- Aeolis Palus/Aeolis Mons - Image/THEMIS VIS 18m/px Mosaic (Zoomable) (small)
- Aeolis Palus/Aeolis Mons - Image/HRSCview
- Video (04:32) - Evidence: Water "Vigorously" Flowed On Mars - September, 2012 | <urn:uuid:6f84febb-3012-472d-9f44-5d645461b8ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolis_Palus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948587577.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20171216104016-20171216130016-00013.warc.gz | en | 0.824324 | 2,478 | 3.40625 | 3 |
RICHMOND, Va. (WTVR) – Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) may have found a way to reverse and even prevent obesity.
Ph. D. Andrew Larner with VCU’s Massey Cancer Center lead an international team of scientists who successfully reversed obesity in mice by changing the production of an enzyme known as TKY2.
They said the enzyme helps to regulate a type of fat called BAT or Brown Adipose Tissue.
According to the Scientific Journal, “Cell Metabolism,” this research is the first to provide evidence of the relationship between TYK2 and BAT.
Larner said more needs to be done to understand how it all works. | <urn:uuid:9091f9af-fcbc-4008-9011-d62a6237432c> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://wtvr.com/2012/12/05/vcu-makes-medical-discovery-in-the-fight-against-obesity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500833525.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021353-00021-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950405 | 150 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Take a minute and think about what is in the drink you are about to take. More than you think! It’s time to Rethink Your Drink.
Drinking too much sugary drink such as sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, and even sweetened teas and juice drinks is a major contributor to weight gain/obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney diseases, non-alcoholic liver disease, tooth decay and cavities, and gout, a type of arthritis.
Limiting the amount of sugary drinks intake can help you maintain a healthy diet and live a healthy life. Unless you are a true water lover, you may be endangering your body without you knowing.
Ok let me show you some statistics
- It has been estimated that consuming one can of soft drink per day could lead to 6.7kg weight gain in one year.
- 47% of Australian children (6-12 years of age) consumed sugar-sweetened beverages (including energy drinks) every day.
- Drinking a can of soft drink each day will significantly increase your risk of tooth decay and erosion
- If you drink 1x60ml of regular soft drink every day for a year you will drink 23 Kilos of sugar.
- In Australia, over half of free sugars is estimated to come from sugary drinks.
Soft drinks: 600ml of Solo contains 69 grammes of sugar. 375ml of Fanta contains 41g of sugars. 600ml of coca cola contains 64 grammes of sugar
Energy drinks: 250ml of Red bull contains 27 grammes. 500ml of mother contains 51grammes of sugar.
Sports drinks: 600ml of Gatorade Tropical contains 36 grammes of sugar. 600ml of Powerade Lemon lime contains 35 grammes of sugar.
Fruit Juice. 591 ml of Golden Circle Tropical Fruit Juice contains 70 grammes of sugar. Snapple Lemon Iced Tea (473 ml) contains 46 grammes. Shockingly, Orange Juice has 46 grammes for every 591 ml.
Calcium-rich drain drinks contain sugar. Nesquik Chocolate Milk (473 ml) contains 58 grammes while substitute Vitasoy has 18 grammes in just 240 ml
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As food raw and auxiliary materials, powder oil is playing an important role in food manufacturing industry with its incomparable advantages. In some food we usually enjoy, powder oil is often contained. However, there are some differences between powder oil and vegetable fat powder, so we need to treat the relationship between powder oil and vegetable fat powder dialectically.
Powdered oils and fats are made from edible oils, starch hydrolysates and casein, which are mainly used in the manufacturing process of milk powder, that is, oil products made up of emulsification, sterilization and spray drying. Of course, powder oil can also be produced by freeze-drying, microencapsulation and other processes.
Powder oil is sometimes called “powdered shortening”, but in fact, its manufacturing process and equipment are completely different from the traditional shortening. The fat content of various powder oil products varies greatly, ranging from less than 20% to 75%.
The oils used in powdered oils are not necessarily from plants or hydrogenated oils. Almost all edible animal, vegetable oils and edible hydrogenated oils can be processed into powdered oil products, such as powdered lard and powdered tallow products on the market, as well as medical powdered fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids, etc.
There is a lot of relationship between powdered oil and vegetable fat powder. The media and consumers often call powdered grease as vegetable fat powder. In fact, there are some differences between them. Plant fat is defined as refined powder oil, maltose syrup, glucose syrup, maltodextrin as the main raw material, casein and other appropriate excipients are mixed, emulsified, bactericidal, homogenized, spray dried and made of powder for food ingredients.
According to the definition of the relationship between powdered oil and vegetable fat powder, it can be seen that vegetable fat powder is in fact a large category of powder oil products, that is, the oil used is limited to edible vegetable oil (including edible hydrogenated vegetable oil). Generally speaking, vegetable fat powder is “Powdered vegetable oil”. The powdered lard, powdered butter, powdered fish oil and other powdered oil products are obviously not suitable to be called vegetable fat powder.
I believe that you have understood the relationship between powdered oil and vegetable fat powder, and many wholesalers of milk tea raw materials are also ready to move. Choosing a responsible producer of milk tea raw materials is a very wise choice. Boduo International’s Boduo brand has a very rich raw material of vegetable fat powder, which is of high quality and low price. Welcome to consult and cooperate with us! | <urn:uuid:c6fe4335-c422-4804-9e50-80f79953d1fc> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://non-dairy-creamer.com/the-relationship-between/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323584913.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016170013-20211016200013-00569.warc.gz | en | 0.976727 | 549 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Many of California’s most innovative sustainable and organic farmers and ranchers are using climate-friendly practices that reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon. These practices often also provide other health and environmental benefits such as water conservation, improved air and water quality, and enhanced wildlife habitat and biodiversity. Here are some of their stories.
Tom Broz • Live Earth Farm
On 150 vibrant acres in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, farmer Tom Broz grows a variety of organic fruits and vegetables and also maintains considerable wildlife habitat. Tom founded Live Earth Farm in 1995 on 20 acres, and from the beginning he integrated orchard and field crops into the native habitat. In 2009, he began a partnership with the Wild Farm Alliance (WFA) and the Community Alliance with Family Farmers (CAFF) to re-establish wildlife corridors, create hedgerows, restore habitat on marginal farm sites, and conserve natural landscapes.
Walking through Live Earth Farm, one is struck by the colorful array of row crops in the fields and the various perennials blanketing the orchard floors. Perhaps the most striking pieces of this richly diverse landscape are the hedgerows, native grass pastures, wildlife and riparian corridors, and the significant acreage left in its wild state. “It’s a good balance between farm pieces and where we want to protect and conserve,” Tom says.
John Diener • Red Rock Ranch
In the water-scarce Westlands District of the San Joaquin Valley, John Diener carries on a family tradition of farming in the Central Valley that began in 1929. He began farming Red Rock Ranch in 1980 in Five Points, just south of Fresno. He grows a variety of crops on over 4,000 acres including almonds, grapes, wheat, alfalfa, corn, peas, tomatoes, spinach, and sugar beets. Farmers on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley face particular environmental challenges, including water scarcity and high levels of naturally occurring selenium and other salts in the soils that diminish the productivity of the farmland. The saline drainage water cannot be discharged into streams and rivers because it presents a danger to wildlife and the ecosystem. John Diener has approached these challenges with an innovative spirit, combining an “Integrated On-Farm Drainage Management” system with center pivot sprinkler irrigation and conservation tillage.
Phil Foster • Pinnacle Organic
At Pinnacle Organic Farm, Phil and his wife Katherine have been farming organically for 25 years. They produce an average of sixty crops on 300 acres on two ranches near San Juan Bautista and Hollister, CA. Soil building is a key principle at Pinnacle Organic. Phil uses cover crops and since 1995 he has produced all of the compost the ranches need on-site. These techniques have dramatically increased carbon sequestration on the farm: between 1991 and 2011, soil organic matter doubled on one site and tripled on the other. In additional to building soil carbon, Phil uses a variety of strategies on his farm that have multiple climate and environmental benefits, such as planting hedgerows, using drip irrigation, and producing about 150 kilowatts of solar energy.
“Farmer Al” Courschesne • Frog Hollow Farm
Al Courschesne—or as he is known by most, Farmer Al—started farming in 1976 on 13 acres of land in Brentwood, California. He started the farm out of a love of food and a desire to provide his community with a fundamental human need. The operation has grown into the 133-acre Frog Hollow Farm, producer of hundreds of varieties of fruits including cherries, apricots, peaches, nectarines, apriums, plums, pluots, Asian and European pears, olives, persimmons and apples. The farm is known not only for its produce and popular value-added products created by chef and co-owner Becky Courschesne, but also for its role as a pioneer within the sustainable agriculture community over the past thirty years.
Ben Munger • Midland School Farm
At the Midland School farm, which sits on 2860 acres of land in Santa Barbara County, students may do just as much learning outside the classroom as they do inside of it. With a strong institutional commitment to experiential education, the school’s on-campus farm and ranch offer students rich opportunities to immerse themselves in projects that often highlight the value of environmental stewardship and sustainable agriculture. Overseeing the farm operation is Ben Munger, ranch manager at the school since 2000 (and former Midland student himself).
Robert Abbott • Hilltop and Canyon Farms/Abbott Ranch
Robert Abbott is a third generation avocado and lemon grower working the same land his grandfather purchased in 1923. A true family farm, Abbott Ranch (also known under the name Hilltop and Canyon Farms) prides itself on ensuring that future generations will inherit trees and soils at least as productive and healthy as they have been in the past. The ranch lies in the southern coastal region of Santa Barbara County, an ideal climate for growing the subtropical fruits.
Robert and his father, Duncan, love to farm, but they acknowledge the many obstacles that today’s growers face: water and labor costs, pressure from new pests, competition from south of the border, a volatile market – and the vagaries of a changing climate.
Debby Zygielbaum • Robert Sinskey Vineyards
Debby Zygielbaum, farm manager of almost 200 acres of land at Robert Sinskey Vineyards (RSV) in Napa, CA, operates on the philosophy that the quality of a wine has as much to do with the winegrowing as it does the winemaking. And growing good wine, according to Debby, is fundamentally rooted in growing good soil. RSV’s use of sheep to graze vineyard floors is one way that they achieve this goal.
Weeds and cover crops compete with grapevines for beneficial nutrients and water, so they must be managed. Debby points out it is also important in early spring, especially during budbreak, to prevent unruly weeds and cover crops from raising the frost level up to the height of the cordon (the “arms” of the vine).
John Teixeira • Lone Willow Ranch
In this short video, John Teixeira of Lone Willow Ranch in Firebaugh, California describes the organic farming methods he uses to build soil fertility, conserve water, protect water quality and store carbon in the soil to reduce climate change. He talks about using compost to add nutrients and cover crops for nitrogen, as well as owl boxes for controlling gophers. He benefits from the conservation programs of the US Department of Agriculture.
Ward & Rosie Burroughs • Burroughs Family Farms
With their children, Ward and Rosie operate a diverse operation east of Modesto that produces organic and pasture-raised dairy and beef, organic almonds, cheese, eggs and more.
Unlike the majority of dairies in California that use corn-based animal feed with minimal access to pasture, the Burroughs’ cattle receive 80 percent of their nutrition from forage. They use a rotational grazing method called Managed Intensive Grazing (MIG) which allows livestock access to relatively small irrigated pasture areas for short durations, striking a balance between providing adequate nutrition for the animals and a recovery period for the grasses. Research indicates that MIG may enhance soil carbon sequestration, while also avoiding the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with growing and transporting conventional animal feed.
Also, we produced a short video about the Burroughs’ operation.
Mel & Mary Thompson • Sierra Farms Lamb
Mel and Mary Thompson raise an average of 650 head of pasture-fed White Dorper ewes and lambs on 700 acres of oak savannah south of Chico, California. They started the business in 1998, and direct market all of their products primarily to Bay Area customers.
During the 14 years Mel and Mary have been managingtheir land, they have greatly improved its productivity. This is evidenced by the fact that they are the only California sheep producers grazing sheep year-round on non-irrigated native grasslands and selling lambs 9-10 months of the year. Their forage quality is improving each year and even during the dry late summer months the forage requires only moderate supplementation. They accomplish this by prioritizing grazing and land management practices that assure water quality, water retention, forage diversity and soil health.
Joe Morris • Morris Grassfed Beef
Joe Morris is a grassfed beef rancher south of Hollister, he serves as a CalCAN advisor and he is a founding member of the Central Coast Rangeland Coalition. By effectively using his cattle to manage the land for carbon sequestration, water infiltration, and wildlife diversity, Joe proves that agriculture—if properly managed—can provide solutions to some of our most pressing climate change challenges, enhance ranch resilience in the face of a changing climate, and provide multiple environmental benefits.
Joe comes from a lineage of ranchers stretching back five generations, the most recent of which was his grandfather who ranched into the 1980s. In 1991, Joe and his wife Julie moved to San Juan Bautista and have been managing the 200-acre family ranch ever since. Today, they lease an additional 7,000 acres and run 250 cows to serve their grassfed beef direct marketing business, as well as approximately 1,800 stockers.
Properly managed cattle grazing can increase grassland species diversity and productivity. It can also increase the soil organic content which sequesters carbon and also improves water penetration and retention, thereby reducing erosion and making more water available for plants which is especially important in arid regions like San Benito. In addition, there is evidence that livestock fed on high-quality forage instead of grain may emit less methane (a potent GHG) during their digestive processes.
John Anderson • Hedgerow Farms
John Anderson, founder of Hedgerow Farms, has been a leader in implementing and promoting farmland habitat restoration for the past 30 years. It started in 1974 when John was a practicing veterinarian at the UC Davis Primate Research Center. He and his wife Marsha purchased a 50-acre farm north of Winters as a place to live in the country.
John is an avid bird hunter and naturalist. In the late 70s he became aware of the decreasing numbers of wildlife and wildlife habitat on intensively managed farms. Clean farming practices were eliminating the plant bio-diversity, essential for wildlife populations to survive. Realizing that, he began working with wildlife agencies, the Natural Resource Conservation Service, Yolo County Resource Conservation District, Audubon California, and many others to learn and identify re-vegetation programs that use native plant materials. He saw plenty of opportunity to use the edges and unproductive areas in the farmscape to provide both ecological benefits and services to farmers.
John retired from the University in 1996. Since then he has grown Hedgerow Farms into a unique and vital source of native grasses, wildflowers, sedges and rushes. He has also become a well-respected consultant to landowners, agriculture professionals, Resource Conservation Districts and environmental groups that work with producers. The canals, roadsides and field borders near his property are lined with vegetation that prevents erosion, increases water infiltration and groundwater recharge, provides habitat for beneficial insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, and beautifies the land. Hedgerow Farms grows, harvests and sells seed from over 70 California native species on 400 acres, mainly ecotypes from the California Central Valley, Valley Foothills and Central Inner Coast Range.
Farmland dominates huge acreage in the Central Valley and other areas in California. There is enormous potential to create corridors of habitat that can restore biodiversity and ecosystem services that can enhance the value of farms and the farm environment.
Russ and Kathy Lester raised their five daughters on this farm near Winters and built a model sustainable organic farm. Today, their daughter Jenny Lester Moffitt is Managing Director, handling the day-to-day activities of the farm and increasing the likelihood that this legacy will continue.
The family farm totals approximately 1,250 acres, about half in walnut orchards. The orchards are home to approximately 40,000 trees, some of which are over 100 years old. There are three different varieties including the popular Chandler.
Dixon Ridge processes 1,500 tons of organic walnuts annually, most of California’s market. They are innovators in water-conserving drip irrigation, energy conservation and have installed a renewable energy generation system that gasifies walnut shells to make heat, natural gas and electricity. They are also experimenting with adding the biochar byproduct to their orchard soils to enhance fertility and carbon sequestration.
For a CBS Sacramento story: http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2012/09/07/
You can drive down almost any road in Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties and you will see acre after acre, row after row of grapevines. You can visit beautiful tasting rooms and sample fine wines, but you will not find a vineyard that is a more evocative model of sustainability than Fetzer Vineyards, nor one with more heart and soul.
Ann Thrupp is Fetzer’s Manager of Sustainability, and she is quick to share credit for the company’s successes by saying “Many Fetzer employees are actively involved in creating a ‘culture of sustainability’ while also maintaining a commitment to producing quality wine.”
Fetzer is actively incorporates many climate-friendly practices such as soil building and carbon sequestration, renewable energy production, energy and packaging efficiency, conserving biodiversity and water conservation.
Albert Straus, Straus Family Creamery
Established in 1994 on the shores of Tomales Bay in Marin County, Straus Family Creamery is family-owned and operated business, well-known in the Bay Area and beyond for their organic cream-topped milk in glass bottles, yogurt and ice cream. They were the first certified organic dairy west of the Mississippi River and the first 100% certified organic creamery in the United States.
Among other sustainable practices, the farm installed a methane digester that uses the gases produced from cattle waste to produce biogas that powers the milking barn and the farm’s electric vehicles. To learn more about their renewable energy project, watch the video… | <urn:uuid:4bd7642f-ca91-49a8-95d0-1ad6605dd446> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://calclimateag.org/farmer-stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701153585.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193913-00169-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947155 | 2,995 | 2.671875 | 3 |
[Beowulf] 96 cores in silent and small enclosure
prentice at ias.edu
Thu Apr 8 06:33:07 PDT 2010
Lux, Jim (337C) wrote:
> If you put something hot into a liquid, you have to worry about forming
> a film of vapor that keeps the liquid from touching the hot thing, and
> radically reduces the heat transfer. It’s all tied up with the
> turbulence in the liquid, the surface tension of the liquid, etc.
I'm having flashbacks of my Transport Phenomena class from college.
> Boiling is a really good way to move heat: the heat of vaporization is
> huge, for a small temperature change,
Technically, the heat of vaporization occurs at zero temperature change. ;)
>compared to just the liquid’s
> specific heat. But, it’s more complex to design. It’s used in very
> high power solid state electronics and in high power vacuum tubes, as
> well. The key is that the boiling point of the liquid has to be close
> to the desired operating temperature of the parts being cooled. Various
> Freons work well.
> Look up Leidenfrost effect (why LN2 droplets skitter around, or water on
> a hot pancake griddle)..
> It’s also related to why you can walk across burning coals in bare feet.
> (the true test of belief in Physics)
Here's another party trick based on this: Fill a cup (preferably a
Styrofoam cup for insulation purposes) with liquid nitrogen (LN2) . Then
stick your finger in it and pull it out real quick. Even though LN2 is
very cold, you won't fell a thing - the heat from your finger causes the
LN2 vaporize before you even contact it, creating an insulating layer
(film) of nitrogen gas. It's not stable, so if your keep your finger in
it for longer than a split second, you WILL get freeze your finger!
Of course, this requires you bringing our own tank of LN2 to the party
in the first place.
More information about the Beowulf | <urn:uuid:8335828a-2703-4489-8616-ecf9644c213e> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.beowulf.org/pipermail/beowulf/2010-April/027779.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997873839.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025753-00172-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871909 | 482 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Preserving physical and mental health helps older adults experiencing cognitive impairment stave off declines in cognitive engagement, a new study suggests.
“We found that declines in physical and mental health were associated with more pronounced cognitive disengagement,” says Shevaun Neupert, professor of psychology at North Carolina State University and corresponding author of the study published in Entropy.
“The impact of declines in physical health was particularly pronounced for study participants who had more advanced cognitive impairment to begin with.”
There’s a lot of research showing that cognitive engagement can help older adults maintain cognitive health. However, the vast majority of that work has been done on healthy adults.
“There’s very little work on cognitive engagement in people who are already cognitively impaired, such as people who have been diagnosed with dementia,” Neupert says. “Are they still capable of sustained cognitive engagement? What factors contribute to that engagement?”
“…well-being is holistic; physical health, mental health, and cognitive function can influence each other.”
To begin addressing those questions, the researchers enlisted 28 study participants. All of the participants were over 60 and had documented cognitive impairment.
Participants came to a testing site two times, six months apart. On each visit, researchers collected data on the physical and mental health of the study participants and performed a battery of tests designed to assess cognitive ability. They also connected participants to a device that tracked blood pressure continuously and then asked them to engage in a series of increasingly difficult cognitive tasks. This allowed researchers to track how cognitive engagement changed as the tasks become progressively harder.
Cognitive engagement means taking part in activities that are mentally challenging. Monitoring blood pressure allows the researchers to track how hard study participants are working to accomplish cognitive tasks. Specifically, blood pressure rises as more blood is pumped to the brain when participants work harder at these tasks.
Broadly speaking, the researchers found that if a participant’s cognitive ability, physical health, or mental health declined over the course of the six month study period, that participant became less cognitively engaged as the tasks became harder.
“Normally, you’d expect more engagement as the tasks became harder, but we found that some people essentially stopped trying,” says coauthor Claire Growney, a postdoctoral researcher at Washington University in St. Louis.
“The findings highlight the fact that well-being is holistic; physical health, mental health, and cognitive function can influence each other,” says coauthor Xianghe Zhu, a recent PhD graduate of NC State.
“In practical terms, it suggests that it may be particularly important for people to focus on mental and physical well-being during the early stages of cognitive decline,” Growney says. “Or, at the very least, don’t become so focused on addressing cognitive challenges that you ignore physical health, or create anxiety or emotional distress for yourself that leads to mental health problems.”
“Future research will be needed to determine how beneficial it might be for people to take part in cognitively engaging activities once they’ve started experiencing cognitive decline,” Neupert says.
“But we already know that there is an element of ‘use it or lose it’ to cognitive function in healthy adults. And while it’s understandable for people to want to avoid tasks that are difficult or challenging, it’s really important to continue challenging ourselves to take part in difficult cognitive activities.”
Additional coauthors are from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and NC State. The National Institute on Aging and the National Science Foundation supported the work.
Source: NC State | <urn:uuid:f5783cf5-4a53-4cea-a7bd-bec11e475853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futurity.org/cognitive-impairment-exercise-dementia-older-adults-2552162/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571153.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810100712-20220810130712-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.949566 | 768 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Not only do people look up ideal health statistics, and health insurance plans, but also the best doctor that suits their needs. The internet has indeed become the first step towards healthy living for a large number of people around the world. Other than the internet, people now-a-days also use various other tools to determine their health status, possible remedies and treatment. This ranges from pregnancy test kits to blood sugar tests and so on.
With the spread of technology and computer literacy, most people no longer need to rush to find an emergency dental clinic or look for a doctor on every small unease or confusion. It has been observed, especially in the urban areas that people look up symptoms for all sorts of ailments, diseases, and allergies affecting them or people in general. The most common kind of information looked up on the internet (other than BMI, blood pressure and sugar levels) are more frequently needed solutions like headaches, backaches, sprains, cold and cough etc.
People also usually look up ideal diet plans for particular ailments or treatments. For example, a diet plan for good pregnancy and post-pregnancy maternal health, child health, growing children’s health, sport person’s health etc. are looked up by millions each day.
Medical stores are filled up with lots and lots of different kinds of tools that people can use with great ease and without medical supervision. The most used tools are those related to blood sugar tests and blood pressure monitoring machines. With the one touch recording and digitized reading, keeping track of one’s health has been getting simpler with each passing development in medical technology. The world of medical technology is entirely revolutionized thanks to the internet and the rising number of people getting to use and benefit from these technological innovations.
People look up preventive care or general health, but internet has also been rapidly playing a major role even in post detection period for various diseases. People look up the best treatments available, best doctors and hospitals and also medicines. It is especially true for various cardiac disorders. Heart diseases have become very common due to stressful lives, especially in cities. Generic medicines and health insurance policies covering particular ailments and diseases are the things people have been looking up in recent times to a great extent.
The technological revolution that has gripped the entire world has also enabled the people with smarter technologies in their reach. Smart applications in smart phones are largely being used to keep everyone updated and aware of what is needed, along with how and when. Diaphragm Pacing System: This system has the potential to help patients unable to maintain adequate ventilation due to a diaphragmatic malfunction. Diaphragmatic pacing is performed using a collection of electrodes connected to the phrenic nerves on the diaphragm. This innovative technology will drastically reduce the catastrophic effects of extended respiratory pump failure and mechanical ventilation.
Nanomedicine: This is the medical application of molecular nanotechnology. (MNT) Nanotechnology in medicine is when nanorobots are programmed for particular biological functions and injected into the blood to work at the cellular level. They will perform such tasks as cleaning arteries, repairing damaged tissue, and attacking cancer cells and viruses. | <urn:uuid:89503216-9814-411c-bd14-35ae3a0a5528> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://coolitschools.com/technology-in-health-and-personal-care-plans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647327.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320091830-20180320111830-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.94742 | 644 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Friday, 1 February 2013
The continuous issue of identity cards for the British population has been foreshadowed by a similar debate during the First World War. Then "the National Registration Act of 1915 provided for a register of all men and women between 15 and 65, later used to aid conscription. The National Register was produced by Bernard Mallet, the Registrar General of England and Wales." Mallet was the President of the Royal Statistical Society in 1916-1918 (and succeeded by Herbert Samuel). In the capacity of President of the RSS, Mallet helped publish findings on the Register of Belgian Refugees by the statistician T.T.S. de Jastrzebski.
The information demands of the war also provided an opportunity for Mallet to press forward his pre-war agenda of reforming the system of routine registration of births, marriages and deaths. His desire for reform was shaped by the pressing eugenic questions of the day - infant mortality and national efficiency - and as the war progressed, he developed his ideas to include a permanent universal register of all individuals."
Rosemary Elliot's 2008 article An early experiment in national identity cards: the battle over registration in the First World War examines "the fate of Mallet’s proposals, and shows how lack of political consensus and lack of support, even from colleagues in the General Register Office for Scotland, prevented his proposals coming to fruition."
"The General Register Office (GRO) in England and Wales, and the General Register Office in Scotland (GROS), were set up in 1837 and 1854 respectively to provide the apparatus for obtaining the vital statistics of the population. During the First World War, the administrative machinery of the two register offices was adapted for the war effort, collecting, coding and circulating information on men and women of military age in the National Register. The office also responded to requests for information on the births, marriages and deaths of Belgian refugees from the Belgian authorities, and provided details of interned Germans dying on British soil to the German government. [...]
Mallet rejected the idea of a separate numbered index to the register because of the labour involved and the possible loss of forms and duplication. This appears to be the result of lessons learnt from the creation of the Central Register of Belgian Refugees, which the GRO had set up at the request of the president of the Local Government Board in late 1914. This register was intended to ascertain numbers and particulars of the refugees and to allow them to be traced (ostensibly by family and friends, although searches in the register were also made by foreign committees, the police and the British and Belgian military authorities).
The Central Register of Belgians held records of some 225 000 people on a central card index and was beset by problems of duplication and erroneous records, as people registered more than once or failed to give adequate details. Stevenson had also set up a second parallel card index of Belgian refugees, coded and classified by occupation as in the 1911 census. This was supposed to be kept up-to-date through information from the labour Exchange, a plan which proved unsuccessful. This unsatisfactory experience may have had some bearing on the decision to make notification of change of address for the National Register a personal responsibility, not the employer’s."
More through 20th Century History online | <urn:uuid:15c0101e-1e4f-4fa0-9bd4-8711d4d065ba> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://belgianrefugees.blogspot.com/2013/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589237.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716080356-20180716100356-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.962399 | 665 | 2.8125 | 3 |
U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Kathleen Sebelius have announced the release of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the federal government’s evidence-based nutritional guidance to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity through improved nutrition and physical activity.
Because more than one-third of children and more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, the 7th edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans places stronger emphasis on reducing calorie consumption and increasing physical activity.
“The 2010 Dietary Guidelines are being released at a time when the majority of adults and one in three children is overweight or obese and this is a crisis that we can no longer ignore,” said Vilsack. “These new and improved dietary recommendations give individuals the information to make thoughtful choices of healthier foods in the right portions and to complement those choices with physical activity. The bottom line is that most Americans need to trim our waistlines to reduce the risk of developing diet-related chronic disease. Improving our eating habits is not only good for every individual and family, but also for our country.”
The new 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans focus on balancing calories with physical activity, and encourage Americans to consume more healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and seafood, and to consume less sodium, saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and refined grains.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include 23 Key Recommendations for the general population and six additional Key Recommendations for specific population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Key Recommendations are the most important messages within the Guidelines in terms of their implications for improving public health. The recommendations are intended as an integrated set of advice to achieve an overall healthy eating pattern. More consumer-friendly advice and tools, including a next-generation Food Pyramid, will be released by USDA and HHS in the coming months.
“The new Dietary Guidelines set high standards that will require a concerted effort among numerous scientific disciplines to gradually change consumer behavior,” said Roger Clemens, IFT President Elect and a member of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. “In addition, it is extremely important that we ensure that the current food system, from farm to fork, has the capacity to meet future needs and that food industry continues its efforts to develop healthier food choices that appeal to consumers.”
USDA and HHS have conducted this latest review of the scientific literature, and have developed and issued the 7th edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in a joint effort that is mandated by Congress. The Guidelines form the basis of nutrition education programs, Federal nutrition assistance programs such as school meals programs and Meals on Wheels programs for seniors, and dietary advice provided by health professionals.
The newly released Dietary Guidelines for Americans will present both challenges and unique opportunities for the food industry to develop new and improved healthful foods. How will your organization respond to these new recommendations? The Institute of Food Technologists is holding a webcast on Friday, Feb. 11, at 12:00–1:30 p.m. Central, to discuss the implications of the new Guidelines for the food industry. This webcast is free to IFT members and $49 to non-members. This live webcast has a capacity of up to 1,000 attendees and registration is first-come, first-serve.
During this webcast, speakers Roger A. Clemens, Chief Scientific Officer at E.T. Horn Company and President Elect of IFT; Richard M. Black, V.P. of Global Nutrition at Kraft Foods Inc.; and Darren Seifer, Food & Beverage Industry Analyst at The NPD Group Inc., will discuss the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, as well as provide an industry perspective on the development of food-based solutions that increase consumers’ understanding and adoption of the new guidance. They will also discuss the latest consumer trends, and where the intersections of these trends and the new guidelines are creating unique product development opportunities for food companies. Register today.
Executive Summary (pdf)
IFT press release | <urn:uuid:dd153710-287d-46b9-b12c-72a8fc0af1b5> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.ift.org/food-technology/daily-news/2011/january/31/2010-dietary-guidelines-address-obesity-crisis-in-america.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541896.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00247-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940668 | 856 | 2.765625 | 3 |
One of the "free" universities of Italy, was erected into a studium generale on 8 Sept., 1308, by the Bull "Super specula" of Clement V. A school of arts existed about 1200, in which medicine and law were soon taught. Before 1300 there were several universitates scholiarum . Jacobus de Belviso, a famous civil jurist, taught here from 1316 to 1321. By Bull of 1 Aug., 1318, John XXII granted the privilege of conferring degrees in civil and canon law, and on 18 Feb., 1321, in medicine and arts.
On 19 May, 1355, the Emperor Charles IV issued a Bull confirming the papal erection and raising it to the rank of an imperial university. This unusual mark of favour was given to assist Perugia after the terrible plague years 1348-49. In 1362 the Collegium Gregorianum (later called the Sapienza vecchia ) was founded by Cardinal Nicolo Capocci for the maintenance of forty youths. Gregory XI by Brief of 11 Oct., 1371 gave the privileges of a studium generale to this new faculty of theology. This faculty was suppressed and its property merged in the university in 1811. To this foundation the Sapienza nuova was transferred in 1829. The latter was founded by Benedetto Guidalotti, Bishop of Recanti in 1426, with Martin V's approval, as the Collegio di S. Girolamo. It was a free hostel for impecunious strangers who wished to study law and medicine. Suppressed by the French in 1798, it was reopened in 1807 by Pius VII as the Collegio Pio. In the Constitution of 27 Aug., 1824, Leo XII made this the chief college of the university. Since the time of Napoleon I the university has occupied the old Olivetan convent of Monte Morcino. There was a faculty of mathematics down to 1884. The statutes are modelled upon those of Bologna. The number of students at different dates were: 1339, 142; 1881, 79; 1911, 350. Among its eminent teachers were: the canonist Johannes Andreas; Cino da Pistoia (1270-1336), poet and jurist; his pupil Bartolus (1314-27), famous civil jurist; his pupil Baldus; Albericus Gentilis, founder of the science of international law ; and Francesco della Rovere ( Sixtus IV ). Among its students were: Nicholas IV, Gregory XI, Innocent VII, Martin V, Pius III , Julius II, Julius III, Urban VII, Gregory XIV, Clement VIII, and Paul V.
Statistics (1911): — Expenditure, 295,470 lire; receipts, 285,748 lire; examination fees, 5948 lire; faculty of jurisprudence, 11 professors; faculty of medicine, 13; school of pharmacy 5; school of veterinary medicine, 3. A large number of institutions are connected with the university, e.g., an obstetric training college, laboratories for general chemistry and for pharmacy, etc., also the meteorological observatory (founded 1800). The library has over 54,000 volumes. The museum contains vases, bronzes, and sculptures, and many valuable Etruscan and Roman antiquities.
Catholic Online Catholic Encyclopedia Digital version Compiled and Copyright © Catholic Online | <urn:uuid:748dbc6f-ea35-4efb-8546-2b0b7d17ca74> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=9201 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372202.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00071-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932862 | 710 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Rhizomorph structures confirm the relationship between Lycoperdales and Agaricaceae (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota)
Rhizomorphs provide systematically important traits. Therefore, in the present study the rhizomorph features of some species of (a) the gastroid genera Bovista, Handkea, and Lycoperdon, (b) the agaricoid genera Agaricus, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Lepiota, Macrolepiota, and (c) the secotioid genus Podaxis were studied to test the molecular biological hypothesis of a systematical relationship between these genera. All genera revealed an agaricoid type of rhizomorph with very long, almost non-septate, thick-walled, dextrinoid emanating hyphae. Only Agaricus bisporus differed in this respect. In this species, the very long emanating hyphae are not thick-walled or dextrinoid. These differences can either be ascribed to the different habitat of A. bisporus in comparison to A. abruptibulbus, or are perhaps a consequence of their affiliation to different sections within this genus. It is concluded that rhizomorph structures confirm the results of DNA-sequence analyses that have already pointed out a relationship between Agaricus, Handkea, Lycoperdon, and Macrolepiota. | <urn:uuid:e870a7ce-5fa5-4871-9b19-b7b76aa40c1b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/nova_hedwigia/detail/75/73265/Rhizomorph_structures_confirm_the_relationship_between_Lycoperdales_and_Agaricaceae_Hymenomycetes_Basidiomycota | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877253 | 304 | 2.6875 | 3 |
tf.reduce_min: Get Minimum Value Of A TensorFlow Tensor
tf.reduce_min - Use TensorFlow's reduce_min operation to get the minimum value of a TensorFlow Tensor
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This video will show you how to use tf.reduce_min operation to get the minimum value of a TensorFlow tensor.
First, we import TensorFlow as tf.
import tensorflow as tf
Next, we print out what version of TensorFlow we are using.
We are using TensorFlow 1.10.0.
Let’s start out by creating our tensor with generated values pulled from a random uniform distribution.
random_uniform_example = tf.random_uniform(shape=[2, 3, 4], dtype="int32", minval=0, maxval=10)
You can see we’re using tf.random_uniform, the shape is going to be 2x3x4, the data type is int32, the min value is going to be 0, and the max value is going to be 10.
All of this is assigned to the Python variable random_uniform_example.
Let’s now print our random uniform tensor to see what we have.
We see that it’s a TensorFlow tensor, we see that TensorFlow gave it a name, we see the shape is 2x3x4, and the data type is int32.
Now that we have created our TensorFlow tensor, it’s time to run the computational graph.
We launch the graph in a session.
sess = tf.Session()
Then we initialize all the global variables in the graph.
Now, let’s print our random_uniform_example tensor within a TensorFlow session.
We can see that all of our numbers are integers, and from the visual inspection, it looks like no numbers are less than 0 and no numbers are bigger than 10.
Next, let’s programmatically get the minimum number found in our random_uniform_example tensor using tf.reduce_min operation.
We pass in our tensor, we run it within a TensorFlow session, and then we print the result.
And the value that we get is 0, which visually inspecting the result is what we would expect.
Perfect! We were able to use tf.reduce_min operation to get the minimum value of a TensorFlow tensor. | <urn:uuid:4f866475-1618-414d-9a3f-ab1c01234708> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://aiworkbox.com/lessons/get-minimum-value-of-a-tensorflow-tensor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578527839.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419141228-20190419163228-00221.warc.gz | en | 0.783976 | 577 | 2.71875 | 3 |
This question comes from our WBIR Facebook page. Bryan Russell asks: "I've heard that it can get too cold to snow. Is that true?"
The short answer is no, but you won't always see deep, fluffy snow in extreme cold temperatures.
Most heavy snowfalls happen with relatively warm air temperatures near the ground-- usually at 15 degrees or above.
When temperatures drop into the single digits, or below zero, heavy snow is unlikely. That's not because it's too cold, but because it's too dry. When temperatures are that low, the air's capacity for water vapor becomes very small.
One example of a really cold place that doesn't get much snow is Barrow, Alaska. The town averages only two inches of snowfall in January, when the average high temperature is only two degrees and that average low is negative 20.
It's a similar situation in that South Pole. Although there's lots of snow and ice around, the pole is really a desert environment because it averages less than one inch of precipitation yearly. That's about the same as the Sahara Desert.
So, to sum things up, it's never too cold to snow, but it can be too dry, even in places you think would have a lot of snow. | <urn:uuid:9f35f779-9dec-456e-8f5e-405ecf172098> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.wbir.com/news/article/245243/2/Ask-Todd-Too-cold-for-snow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447660.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00102-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971523 | 260 | 3.0625 | 3 |
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Sir Humphrey Gilbert is today remembered as one of the pioneers of the English colonization of Northen America. Although his journeys to the west did not have great immediate success, his exploits paved the way for the numerous future colonists.
George Everest was famous Welsh geographer and surveyor that is best remembered today by the Mont Everest, the tallest mountain in the world that was named after him. Learn more about his life and achievements here.
Famous English explorer and military officer Sir Richard Hawkins is remembered today for his adventurous life at the end of the 16th and early 17th century. Exploits of his life were remembered in popular book “Voiage into the South Sea” which set standards for its detailed description of Elizabethan era.
Douglas Mawson was a famous geologist and adventures who managed to become one of the most famous Australian explorers of the frozen continent. Here you can learn more about his interesting tale. | <urn:uuid:3f998094-4902-4554-b1c4-4d427caae405> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://www.famous-explorers.com/picture/picture-of-humphrey-gilbert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946721.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424135408-20180424155408-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.9821 | 196 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In this section you will find tips and suggestions for you to try with your children and family. If you have a tip of your own, please feel free to share it and we can post it on our site. Remember, Parenting is the most important job that we will ever have AND the one we are least trained for. ☺ Hopefully this corner will reduce some of our stress and maybe even give us a few laughs.
“Back to School” is in the air and the stores. It would be impossible to avoid the sales, school supply list and back pack specials. So let’s embrace it. Here are a few back to school tips for the student of any age:
- Set a routine. This will alleviate any stress during morning routines or family evening time. For example, prepare lunches or setting clothes out the night before reduces the rush in the morning or last minute search for the matching shoes.
- Have a place designated for homework. Keep it free of distractions, such as the television. Place supplies nearby and maybe a small nutritious snack or glass of water.
- If you are a student yourself, work on homework close to your children so you can model appropriate study habits.
- If your child is too small for homework let them color, draw or look at books next to you. This will establish the habit that homework is important and not a time for play.
- Do not skip breakfast in the morning. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and energizes you to think clearly. Children who miss breakfast, do not do as well in school. Grab a piece of fruit, quick bowl of oatmeal or yogurt to get you started.
- Show the student in your house that you are interested in how their school day went. Ask open ended questions such as, how did math class go today? Who did you play with on the playground? What are you talking about in science? Developing this routine will not only show your student that you are interested but it opens the door to some difficult conversations such as bullying.
Our children have many years of school ahead of them. Make school sound exciting and state the expectation that they will complete school and move into a vocational school or college. If you are a student, take care of your health as well. Remember, there are eyes on you and your values will be shared with your children in the way of your behavior.
So go get those supplies and that new pair of shoes. School is right around the corner and we are all ready. ☺ | <urn:uuid:f36e54d5-45bc-4fa0-a8ee-6fc59820c542> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://heritage.edu/student-resources/early-learning-center/parenting-corner/?s= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986661296.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016014439-20191016041939-00365.warc.gz | en | 0.967362 | 519 | 3 | 3 |
You are given a text, which contains different english letters and punctuation symbols.
You should find the most frequent letter in the text. The letter returned must be in lower case.
While checking for the most wanted letter, casing does not matter, so for the purpose of your search, "A" == "a". Make sure you do not count punctuation symbols, digits and whitespaces, only letters.
If you have two or more letters with the same frequency, then return the letter which comes first in the latin alphabet. For example -- "one" contains "o", "n", "e" only once for each, thus we choose "e".
Input: A text for analysis as a string.
Output: The most frequent letter in lower case as a string.
checkio("Hello World!") == "l" checkio("How... | <urn:uuid:ef14aa45-9986-4e40-bcc8-043b41d71ec9> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://py.checkio.org/en/mission/most-wanted-letter/share/91f4e9d7fda3555f3b8fc9b90c117e52/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664567.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112024224-20191112052224-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.81502 | 179 | 3.859375 | 4 |
TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) – The second full moon of the year occurs tonight (Sunday morning) at 2:33 a.m. The February full moon is known most commonly as the snow moon for the abundance of snow in mid-winter.
February 2020’s full moon is also considered a supermoon, but only by some.
A supermoon is a full or new moon that makes a very close approach to earth on it’s elliptical (not circular) orbit. An ellipse is similar in shape to an oval.
If you stick earth inside an oval, you’ll notice that there is a point of apogee and a point of perigee. Apogee is the point farthest away from the earth.
Perigee is the point closest to earth.
Unfortunately, there is not an official measurement defining how close the approach has to come to be considered a supermoon.
Richard Nolle, the astrologist who came up with the term, arbitrarily stated the full or new moon could be considered a supermoon if it comes within 90% percent of perigee.
The problem comes in calculating 90% of perigee because apogee and perigee points change month to month. If the 90% is calculated based on the year’s farthest apogee and closest perigee, February’s full moon does not count as a supermoon. However, if it is calculated using this particular month’s closest and farthest point, the snow moon does come within 90% of the closest possible approach.
The February full moon will make the 4th closest approach to earth of the 13 full moons this year.
Regardless, it’s is close, the February full moon will come within 225,234 miles of earth. This will still affect tides with high tides being a little higher and low tides being a little lower than normal.
- Scott, Graham meet with SCOTUS nominee on Capitol Hill
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- Who won the Trump-Biden debate? 6 moments that defined the night
- Fact check: A look at claims from Trump and Biden’s first debate
- ‘Would you shut up, man?’: Trump, Biden interrupt each other during chaotic debate | <urn:uuid:99075611-907d-4a72-860a-fee28d4673aa> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.cbs42.com/news/national/saturday-nights-sky-to-feature-full-snow-moon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402118004.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200930044533-20200930074533-00597.warc.gz | en | 0.934177 | 495 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Question 21. What Is Vedanta? Are there different schools in it? If so, what is the essential teaching of each school?
Meaning of the word anta is end or essence. Since the Upanishads form the end portions of the Vedas and contain their essence, they have been termed as Vedanta. The Brahmasutras (of the sage Badarayana) which try to systematize the teachings of the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita which has been described as the milk from the cows of the Upanishads, as also all other works based on these, have been included under the term Vedanta. All these works generally deal with four topics: Brahman (God the Absolute), Jivatman (the individual self), creation of the world and Moksha, (liberation), the final goal of human life.
Different interpretations of the fundamental texts of Vedanta have given rise to three main schools: Advaita, Visishtadvaita and Dvaita. The three well known Acharyas Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva are the chief exponents of these three schools. According to the Advaita system, Brahman alone is the reality, the one without a second. This world has emanated from It, is established in It and will return to It at the end of creation. In effect, this world is only an appearance on Brahman and is Brahman Itself in reality even as the illusory snake that appears in a rope is actually the rope itself.
The Jivas, (the individual souls) are also, in the ultimate analysis, Brahman, The difference and Separation between them is only apparent, brought about by Ajnana or nescience. Since the Atman, the real nature of the Jiva, is identical with Brahman, experience of the Atman is the same as experience of Brahman. That itself is Moksha. The Vishistadvaita recognizes multiplicity of Jivas, which are identical with one another, though separate from one another and from Brahman, also called Isvara.
This world, which is a modification of the insentient Prakriti (nature) is different from Brahman and from the Jivas. However, the Jivas and Prakriti exist in Brahman or Isvara as a part of Him and are fully under His control. But Brahman is beyond both. Visishtadvaita considers the triune of Isvara, Jivas and Prakriti as one reality. Devotion to Isvara is the primary means of obtaining Moksha. It is only by His grace that Moksha can be secured. The Dvaita system is similar to Visishtadvaita. However, it carries the differences still further and states that the Jivas differ from one another; so also do the various things of the world. | <urn:uuid:324a3d65-be73-432c-90f0-2f3443adf846> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.hindubooks.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1090 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609061.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170527210417-20170527230417-00242.warc.gz | en | 0.960066 | 612 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Who and What is the Episcopal Church
Who and what is an Episcopalian?
Robin Williams, an Episcopalian, once described the Episcopal Church as Catholic Lite with ”same rituals, half the guilt.” There is some truth to the statement.
The Episcopal Church is a descendant of the Church of England, which was rooted in the Roman Catholic Church. Many of our rituals, traditions, and ways of believing in Christ have come to us through our Catholic roots. In Wisconsin, we like to think of ourselves as Anglo-catholic. The Episcopal Church recognizes the seven sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church and we call our clergy priests, deacons, and bishops.
Most Episcopalians are not born that way. Most come from other Christian denominations or from no church background at all. The Episcopal Church has been labeled a ”middle road” or ”via media,” between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. We bring the reverence and rootedness of an ancient tradition along with a clear devotion to the Bible and the priesthood of all believers.
Most Episcopal parishes are vague about membership. We are much less concerned about counting the people who are in, than we are about leaving someone out. That is why all baptized are welcome to communion-it is the Lord’s Table, not the Episcopal Church’s table.
If one is baptized in a parish, he or she automatically becomes a member. Membership is transferred from one church to another when there is a move. Another way to become an Episcopalian is to be received into the church when the bishop has his visitation.
What is a rector?
A rector is the priest in charge of the parish. The term is derived from the Latin for ”rule.” The rector has authority and responsibility for worship and the spiritual opportunities of the church.
Who are the laity and what do they do?
The laity are the people of the church, those who have been baptized. The term ”laity” is from the Greek word for ”people.”
According to our Book of Common Prayer, the ministry of lay persons is to represent Christ and his Church; to bear witness to him wherever they maybe; and, according to the gifts given them, to carry on Christ’s work of reconciliation in the world; and to take their place in the life, worship, and governance of the Church.
We believe in the ministry of all baptized, so all are called to ministry. Some are involved in outreach ministry, some are involved in the worship, some help to keep the building and grounds in good shape.
How is your worship different from other churches?
Episcopalians are the people of the book – or books. The Bible is our foundation and we have four scripture readings each Sunday and three on Wednesdays. We also use The Book of Common Prayer and The Hymnal 1982.
While some people consider written prayers and prescribed liturgy lacking spontaneity, it can also be said that writing things down is a high form of respect and sincerity. Our books show the reverence, foresight, and values we bring to our worship.
Can I take communion if I’m not an Episcopalian?
All baptized are welcome to take communion. We use bread and the common cup and gather together at the communion rail. Cup your hands in front of you to receive the bread, eat the bread. Take the bottom of the chalice and help the chalice bearer guide the cup to your lips. Once you have received the wine, return to your seat.
What other denominations are connected to the Episcopal Church?
We are in covenant with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the Moravian Church. | <urn:uuid:1940ae70-8880-494c-82c5-fb5be26d6e70> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://stjohnschurchwr.org/who-and-what/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141430.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20200216211424-20200217001424-00150.warc.gz | en | 0.969263 | 781 | 2.796875 | 3 |
IELTS Writing Sample : Jobs
Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Band 8 Sample
It is said that those who pursue and continue with a particular career choice early in life are more likely to experience greater fulfilment in regards to their work than those who tend to switch jobs more regularly. In my opinion, career satisfaction is not determined by when someone chooses a career path or for how long someone pursues it. This essay will outline some important factors believed to be involved.
Choosing a career early in life and pursuing it for an extended period of time can have many great benefits. For example, starting a career early can provide someone with a better financial situation later in life, and hence greater satisfaction. In addition to this, remaining on a particular career path for a long period of time may allow someone to advance to the top of their chosen field through promotion, which may also possibly lead to greater career fulfilment.
On the other hand, those who change jobs or career paths more regularly may also experience many benefits. For example, some people’s personalities are not suitable for staying in a particular job for long periods of time, and they may need to change career paths more regularly to stay satisfied. In addition to this, choosing a career path can be an overwhelming decision for young people without much real world experience, and therefore exploring a range of different career paths early on may lead them to eventually finding a career that will be more suitable for them in the long term.
In conclusion, how one person gains satisfaction from their career may be different from another. Some may gain job satisfaction from how big their salary is, how far they have advanced within a particular company or field, or how much fame or praise they have earned. Others may be just as content or satisfied in knowing that their chosen career is beneficial towards serving the needs of others. Either way, I believe that choosing a career early in life and staying on this career path does not guarantee job satisfaction later in life.
- Experience greater fulfilment
- Remain on a particular career path for a long period of time
- Greater career fulfilment
- An overwhelming decision
- Explore a range of different career paths
- Guarantee job satisfaction | <urn:uuid:50a48ff2-0513-4ae9-b8b9-b5ca577956d6> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://ieltspracticeonline.com/ielts-writing-sample-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203493.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324210143-20190324232143-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.970896 | 481 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
A versatile, fast-growing native deciduous with an impenetrable dense, thorny nature, ideal for wetter soils and exposed sites.
Rich with seasonal interest and wildlife value, the Hawthorn, with its robust, undemanding nature, dense habit and rustic charm, possesses all the qualities of a fine hedge.
Its distinctive heavily lobed 3-5cm glossy, dark green leaves are joined in spring by sprays of almond-scented, nectar-rich creamy-white blossom. Clusters of bright red fruits known as 'haws' follow in autumn which often remain on the branches long after the leaves have fallen.
Hawthorn thrives in any well-drained soil and withstands both exposed inland and coastal sites whether in full sun or partial shade.
Historically linked to farming, this prevalent countryside hedge boasts multiple applications. Traditionally used for securing farmsteads from unwanted visitors and for livestock containment, the Hawthorn also serves well as a windbreak or privacy screen in addition to providing a rich source of food for foragers.
Chalk, Clay, Sand, Loam
SunshineFull sun or partial shade
30-40cm per year approximately
PruningEvery other year for the best display of flowers & haws
SuitabilityContainment of livestock and horses | <urn:uuid:c65d47f9-2ed3-461c-84b2-a68be8afcf7a> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.elvedenhedges.com/hawthorn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657163613.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715070409-20200715100409-00591.warc.gz | en | 0.879169 | 288 | 2.59375 | 3 |
An experiment to determine the efficacy of CPU back cooling. – Joe
SUMMARY: Opening up the CPU socket yields additional cooling but not as much as I thought.
You’ve all seen sockets like this – lots of little components arrayed around the bottom with a blue eye looking up at you. However, this one is a little different – if you look very closely, you’ll notice that all the active components are close to the edge of the socket. There are solder pads and lead holes that are unused.
Outlined in RED above is the “safe” area where it might be possible to cut the motherboard without impacting circuitry. So, I used a dremel bit in my drill press and proceeded to do some cutting:
I did this in small steps, continually checking to see if it was working. First, a 1/16″ hole in one of the unoccupied lead holes. I ran the board, it posted, then back to the drill press, more holes, then a routing bit, etc. Cutting out the in-socket diode caused no problems – it now reads 0 C. After about 8 trips back and forth, I stopped here for fear of screwing the pooch.
My objective here was to test the idea that air cooling the back of the CPU will drop temps. Question is by how much? The old timers (3 years ago) remember Celeron sandwiches, so they understand the concept.
To test it out, I ran Prime 95 without any cooling and with a small squirrel cage fan aimed directly at the socket hole. After numerous runs, the best I can do is drop CPU temps, measured at the CPU case top with a Glaciator II thermocouple in the base, by 0.5 C.
This is about the same cooling benefit we found by aiming fans at the back of the motherboard, as found HERE.
Looks like the real cooling benefit from secondary cooling comes from cooling things like voltage regulators and capacitors around the socket. This whole thing surprised me – I expected more from it. I’ll continue to experiment and report back if I get better results.
Where I come down on this is that if it’s possible to open the socket, there is some cooling benefit and it’s “free”, so if motherboard manufacturers can accommodate this, why not?
I also think this nonsense about “airflow” in the socket from some heatsinks which direct air down onto the motherboard is just that, and attempts to “correct” results by insulating inside the socket does nothing. In socket diodes are not, and never will be, test instruments.
The motherboard I did this on is an engineering sample of Iwill’s XP333 – I have no idea if this is possible on the release version and absolutely do not recommend anyone attempting this.
Tags: Systems & Components | <urn:uuid:8a22e59b-5305-40ac-b736-9def59e1a623> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.overclockers.com/open-socket-cpu-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400380037.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123300-00150-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945227 | 603 | 2.953125 | 3 |
In the last months of the Year of Covid-19, the world experienced a massive resurgent wave. It wasn’t a wave of deaths by coronavirus, but a lockdown tsunami engulfing individual and civil liberties. The excess deaths caused by governments’ decisions to relegate non-Covid health issues to the realm of non-essential treatments, also became more visible for those who had eyes to see…
Another heaving wave – poverty due to the swelling unemployment and enterprise demise that the lockdown measures and the autocratic disruption of economic life brought about – also gained momentum. The impact thereof is certain to dwarf that of the virus itself.
If the worldwide death toll of 1.359 million attributed to Covid-19 is divided by the daily average global death toll of 158 085 (for 2019) and one fills the annual calendar according to deaths by cause, the feared pandemic with its vicious waves is closer to a ripple than a tsunami. EOSA developed a Cause of Death Calendar that shows:
- Covid-19 related deaths scarcely exceed a week on the annual calendar, filling a mere 8 days, 14 hours and 30 minutes. (This includes all Covid-related deaths whilst several studies already found that pre-existing co-morbidities, and not Covid-19, accounted for the majority of these deaths. In fact, a UK study of 20 133 inpatients found that Covid-19 was the sole cause of death in less than 1 in 4 deaths Covid-related deaths). | <urn:uuid:ff71552e-46e1-48e6-92ed-1dde4adffa44> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://eosa.org.za/category/economic-growth-anti-growth-factors/culture-and-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243992514.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20210513204127-20210513234127-00502.warc.gz | en | 0.95161 | 314 | 2.796875 | 3 |
We’ve been talking about predictive maintenance for quite some time. In our previous blogs we’ve explained what predictive maintenance exactly is, as well as what distinguishes it from reactive and preventative types of maintenance. In this article, we will be focusing more on the benefits that it offers to the industry.
To summarize our description from before, while reactive maintenance focuses on fixing the issue after it occurs and preventative involves fixing equipment at regular intervals, predictive maintenance uses sensors collecting data in real-time and analytics to predict when a problem might occur. It generally consists of five components: sensor, edge gateway, connectivity protocol, IoT platform, and analytics.
Sensors are used for data collection from the machines and below we can find the list of different measurement dimensions with associated examples.
- Vibration: measurement of machine’s vibration during operation, recognizing an increase in vibration as a potential risk
- Temperature: measurement of lubrication temperature, cooling water temperature and bearing temperature
- Oil particles: measurement of particle contamination levels
- Flow rate: measurement of cooling water flow and lubrication flow rate
- Current: measurement of the electricity consumption by machine components
- Humidity: measurement of water content in hydraulic and lubrication oils
IoT gateway is the next component of the process which collects this data as reported by the sensors, helps perform basic data processing at the edge, and transmits it to the IoT platform.
The cloud-based IoT platform acts like a data aggregator and gathers all the information into a data lake including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
Finally, the analytics solutions help to make sense of the collected raw data. They analyze patterns and anomalies from past and present datasets and extract relevant data. Upon the completion of this process, you are ready to build on the insights generated.
After shedding some light on how predictive maintenance works, we will now be outlining some of the benefits that it offers:
Reduction of maintenance costs
As we mentioned above, predictive maintenance eliminates excessive actions when maintaining technical equipment and saves on wasted capital for unnecessary repairs. Additionally, it shows the exact faulty part that needs fixing. For instance, when a technician sees that a machine shows signs like increase or change in vibration – he doesn’t bother to go and search for particle contamination. He knows where and what the problem is which helps to fully focus his efforts onto problem resolution.
Reduced machine downtime
Machine downtime is a serious concern for manufacturers, especially for those, whose competitive advantages are built on lean production and on-time delivery. Downtime is the period which begins with a machine/ process failure and ends when it starts working again. During downtime when the specific machine is in a state of maintenance, it cannot perform its tasks – to put it simply – it is unusable. While preventative and reactive maintenance cannot do anything to speed up this process, predictive can. Because of the regular monitoring of the machines, not only can a failure be predicted, but one can recognize the faulty equipment which triggered the failure in the first place and take remedial steps early.
Reduced spare part inventory
Spare parts are needed when a machine breaks down unexpectedly and the technicians need to replace a faulty or broken part to continue operations. In the case of predictive maintenance, due to the effective assessment of the fault, manufacturers know exactly what parts they will need to purchase and in what quantity, as they can see which part of the machine has the highest possibility of breaking. This helps eliminate additional costs which are incurred with stocking up on spare parts.
Increased product quality
In a lot of the cases, product quality is directly connected to faulty production equipment. While quality is more difficult to detect when using reactive and preventative, predictive maintenance’s model has the advantage of using sensors to alert about any and all risks that the equipment is facing. Minimizing machine downtime and breakdown also improves the production process and thus – product quality and customer satisfaction.
Verification of repairs and human safety
Early detection of problems can alert human operators about the risks surrounding a specific equipment – this limits the potential and actual cases of work injuries. Additionally, after repairing the machine, the same sensor data and analytics solutions can be used to assess whether the implemented changes have resolved the forecasted equipment problems.
Although predictive maintenance is very beneficial in cost-cutting, it does require a significant amount of investment beforehand. Additionally, it might require some time to make the strategy sustainable and stable. If you are interested in the topic of predictive maintenance, you should take a look our study in collaboration with T-Systems – Customers´ Voice: Predictive Maintenance in Manufacturing, Western Europe, where you can find the results of over 300 expert interviews and deeper information regarding the topic. We will also be conducting a lecture on the topic at the 2018 edition of the Hannover Messe. Make sure to visit the Automation Forum at Hall 14, Stand L19 on the 27th of April between 10:40 and 11 AM to hear Lead IoT and Frenus’ Site Manager Bulgaria – Marcel Blume, speak about status quo, customer needs and decision paths regarding the adoption and potential of predictive maintenance technologies. | <urn:uuid:8997aa09-d13f-4e9e-9104-773b36ff1a0e> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://frenus.com/the-benefits-of-predictive-maintenance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060908.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928214438-20210929004438-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.931826 | 1,060 | 2.671875 | 3 |
On Tuesday 8/22. visitors from Georgia Tech were on campus visiting with Ms. Roberts' Computer Science classes. They will be working together on a project and wanted the opportunity to meet before the project starts. They will be working with them through Google classroom and video conferencing every other week to grow plants in 5 gallon buckets. Together they will program Arduino computer boards to monitor the moisture levels of the soil, the temperature and the light. Data will be gathered from the Arduionos program to analyze the watering needs of the plant. The students should also be able to see how the temperature and the light effect the moisture level. This is a small scale project to help the students understand about water conservation. In our area we have many farmers that use irrigation and knowing when to irrigate and when to wait could save the farmers time and money. | <urn:uuid:27ecbf99-cfd1-4831-b4f0-639280cbc541> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://eighthstreet.tiftschools.com/apps/news/article/741734 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813431.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221044156-20180221064156-00030.warc.gz | en | 0.951123 | 171 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The world is fast changing. With all the commotion regarding "Save mother earth" and "Prevent global warming," every other company is striving hard to develop environment-friendly innovations. From the banning of plastics to promoting natural resources for the generation of electricity, all such initiatives are undertaken by the people. One such invention is electric automobiles. These electrically run automobiles are not only a fantastic product of one's creativity but also fast replacing conventional cars which use petrol, diesel, etc. Chennai is one of India's first few cities where the government has decided to set up electric vehicle charging stations. Moreover, these charging setups will be set up in government office parking lots and on NHAI and state highways. Suppose you are also looking to set up such charging stations, Nantech Power Systems Pvt Ltd is the best option for you.
It is an electric vehicle charging station, also known as electric vehicle supply equipment, electric recharging point, electronic charging station, an apparatus that connects an electric vehicle to a source to recharge electric cars, electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrids.
What are the different types of EV chargers?
There are three main types of electric charging
It requires a cord with an attached control box. It is usually supplied along with the electric vehicle. It takes approximately 16-20 hours to recharge the vehicle's batteries completely. However, its time of charging may also depend on the capacity of the car. All one needs to do is plug it into a three-pin well-grounded wall socket. It doesn't require any additional hardware installation. The only drawback it has is that it takes a lot of time to charge.
An additional hardware installation is needed in this type of charging, that is, of an AC wall box charger. It could be installed either at the customer's home or in their office. This additional equipment will enable the electric vehicle to be fully recharged within a maximum of about 7 hours, or more, depending on the electric automobile's capacity. Furthermore, it is said that it is more efficient in terms of energy use. Since it has the upper hand over the level 1 EV charging, it is naturally more expensive due to its intricate hardware.
This type of charging is called DC fast charging. It charges the battery to about 80 percent in less than an hour. The mechanism of action is that it converts the current from AC type to DC type, thereby allowing direct storage into the electric vehicle batteries. Sophisticated hardware is used for this charging. It is usually found at public charging stations.
Electric automobiles are the future of transportation. Its charging stations form the power source of the same, making it necessary for us to choose a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and worthwhile charging alternative. | <urn:uuid:d47a6f2a-cf06-441c-940f-fa707824302b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.nantech.in/future-power-source/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00424.warc.gz | en | 0.962776 | 558 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a single elected person who holds the office of "president", in practice, the presidency includes a much larger collective of people, such as chiefs of staff, advisers and other bureaucrats. Although often led by a single person, presidencies can also be of a collective nature, such as the presidency of the European Union is held on a rotating basis by the various national governments of the member states. Alternatively, the term presidency can also be applied to the governing authority of some churches, and may even refer to the holder of a non-governmental office of president in a corporation, business, charity, university, etc. or the institutional arrangement around them. For example, "the presidency of the Red Cross refused to support his idea." Rules and support to discourage vicarious liability leading to unnecessary pressure and the early termination of term have not been clarified. These may not be as yet supported by state let initiatives. Contributory liability and fraud may be the two most common ways to become removed from term of office and/or to prevent re-election
The presidency by country
In the United States the Presidency is headed by the president, who has many roles, such as:
- Chief of State: The chief public representative of a country, who may also be the head of government.
- Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces: Is the civilian commander of a nation's military forces.ะยยึ่พ-เภดาลๅฟขส่า-คาดสุ้ข/ห้ขถ---
- Chief Legislator: Gives information to Congress to consider through the state of the Union address and recommendations for consideration of new statutes.
- Chief Diplomat: The president is both a national spokesman and a world leader. As representative of a country of immigrants with ties around the globe, the president is expected to defend America's security and economic interests, and also to promote democratic principles and human rights internationally. Several presidents whose domestic policies were frustrated by an uncooperative Congress have focused their attention on foreign affairs, where their power and freedom to determine policy was less hindered.
- Chief Executive: A president serves as the government's chief administrative officer, with the responsibility to see that the laws are faithfully executed. The president also appoints officials, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
The United States holds their presidential election every four years. At the national convention, major and minor political parties nominate candidates for the president and vice president. Citizens then vote on the presidential and vice presidential candidate of their choice. However, these votes do not elect a candidate directly. Instead, the votes are sent to the Electoral College, and cast ballots for presidential electors. The candidate with a majority in the Electoral College will win the presidential or vice presidential election.
As a republic with a presidential executive, Brazil grants significant powers to the president. According to the Federal Constitution, he or she effectively controls the executive branch, represents the country abroad, and appoints the cabinet and, with the approval of the Federal Senate, the judges for the Supreme Federal Court. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
The president also have significant lawmaking powers, exercised either by proposing laws to the National Congress, or else by using Medidas Provisórias (provisional measures), an instrument with the force of law that the president can enact in cases of urgency and necessity, except to make changes to some areas of law (provisional measures cannot be used to change criminal law, electoral law, to abolish individual rights or to alter the fundamental framework of the State — the Separation of Powers and the Federal Republic). A provisional measure comes into effect immediately, before Congress votes on it, and remains in force for up to 60 days unless Congress votes to rescind it. This 60-day period can be extended once, up to a maximum of 120 days. If Congress, on the other hand, votes to approve the provisional measure, it becomes an actual law, with changes decided by the legislative branch. The provisional measure expires at the end of the 60-day period (or 120-day, in case of extension), or sooner, if rejected by one of the Houses of Congress.
The Finnish presidency is based on a Parliamentary republic system. The president's powers were curtailed in the constitutional reform in 2000, and yet further in 2011. Currently the president leads the Finnish foreign policy together with the cabinet. EU affairs, however, fall to the prime minister's authority. The president has little domestic power. He or she can dissolve the parliament, but only at the prime minister's request. The president can choose not to ratify a bill, but this only returns it to parliament, which must then approve the bill again in order for it to become a law without the president's signature. The president's power to appoint officials has been reduced, but he or she still appoints all military officers as well as judges. The president is the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The president also has the power to pardon anyone convicted of a crime. With the curtailment of the president's formal powers, many analysts have emphasized the president's position as a leader of values. constitution did not allowed for violation of human right.
The French presidency is based on a semi-presidential system where both a president and a prime minister are active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. France's president appoints a prime minister, who then forms a government. France's presidency includes the three traditional branches: the Executive, Judicial and Legislative, but it also includes a fourth branch called the Constitutional Council, which determines the constitutionality of new laws.
Since the formation of the French Fifth Republic in 1958, France has had a semi-presidential system. Historically France has not had a semi-presidential system. For example, between 1875 and 1958 during the French Third Republic and French Fourth Republic, France's presidency was based on a Parliamentary System.
The office of the President of Ireland (Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann) is outlined in Ireland's constitution. The president is elected by direct popular vote. Suffrage is universal for anyone eighteen and older and is determined that anyone who is eligible to vote for members of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of parliament), is eligible to vote for the president. The vote is conducted by secret ballot. Every citizen who is thirty-five or older is eligible to be nominated for the presidency; and must be nominated by either twenty or more representatives from Houses of the Oireachtas (the national parliament) or four administrative counties. The term of office is for seven years and no president may serve more than two terms. The president must reside in or near Dublin. The president acts as chief diplomat and represents all the people of Ireland in their engagements home or abroad. The president does not have executive power, and only enacts their powers under the discretion of the rest of the government. However, the president has ultimate discretion in some instances, an example of which would be that the president can refer a bill to the Supreme Court to rule on its constitutionality. Another duty of the president is to appoint the Taoiseach (prime minister), as nominated by the Dáil Éireann. The president can then appoint other ministers to the government by the nomination of the Taoiseach. The president is the commander of the Defence Forces. The President of Ireland since 2012 is Michael D. Higgins, who was elected in October 2011.
The Italian presidency is based on a Parliamentary republic system, where both a president and a prime minister are active participants in administration of the state, but where the de facto the prime minister holds the majority of power, while the president remains the nominal head of state.
The president is intended to represent national unity and guarantee that Italian politics complies with the Constitution. Although the prime minister is considered the head of government, the formal Italian order of precedence lists the office as being ceremonially the fourth most important Italian state office. It also is considered the de facto leader of the Italian government. The prime minister appoints Council of Ministers and Cabinet officials to their rightful area of office. The president of the Republic gives wide support across all political parties. The president of the Republic appoints Italy’s prime minister and accepts advice from the prime minister. The Italian government includes the traditional three branches: Executive, Judicial and Legislative.
Australian chief executive
Australia has a constitutional monarchy – a form of government in which a monarch acts as the head of state within the parameters of a constitution. The constitution could be written, unconfined or blended. It uses what is called a "Parliamentary System of Government," one that administers the executive branch which then gets Democratic legitimacy from the Legislature. The Legislature in Australia is defined as a "Bicameral Parliament." The Executive branch of the Australian government headed by a Federal Executive Council, in which the Governor General is advised by the prime minister and Ministers of State.
The head of state is the President of Germany, where the president completes a five-year term and can be reelected after that five-year term for only one time. He has similar roles like to other countries. He represents Germany as the Commander-in-chief of the military, He has the role of being the Minister of Defense and Germany cannot declare a state of war without the approval of the president. The president then appoints what is called a chancellor, which is known as Germany’s Head of state. Which the role is pretty comparable to a prime minister like in other countries. There are many roles the chancellor has here are a few of them. The chancellor provides basic law and for their party, it determines the composition of the Federal Cabinet. But the president then gives recommendation on appointing and dismissing Cabinet Minister, through the Federal Cabinet. The chancellor then goes by three main principles. The first is called the Chancellor Principles in which he or she is responsible for all government policies. The Second one is called The Principle of ministerial autonomy in which the chancellor prepares everything for the legislative and proposes other laws threw the Cabinet and the third one is called Cabinet Principle were this calls for disagreements between federal ministers over Jurisdictional or Budgeting relative things, in which is settled by the Cabinet. Germany has what is called a Federal legislative power which is divided between the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. The Bundestag is elected by the German people. To were the Bundestrat represents the regional states. It seems that Bundestag is more powerful than the Bundesrat. The reason is because bundestag has more powers and responsibilities of that the states given to it. The judicial branch of Germany has three courts which are the Ordinary Courts, Specialized Courts and the Constitutional Courts. Ordinary courts, deal with criminal and civil cases. Specialized Courts, deal with administrative, labor, social, fiscal, and patent law and Constitutional Courts deal with more of judicial review and constitutional interpretation. The big thing in Germany constitution is individual liberty, which gives protection to individual liberty in an extensive catalogue of human rights and also divides powers between the federal and state levels which are between the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
Iceland’s government is a constitutional republic, with three distinct separate branches. The head of the government is the prime minister, who makes up part of the executive branch. The chief of the state is the president, under the executive branch. The president of Iceland is elected to serve four years, however there are no term limits. This vote is conducted by direct popular vote. Iceland has universal suffrage for citizens eighteen and older. The last presidential vote was held in 2016.
In order to run for office of the president a person must be at least thirty-five years old and meet the requirements to be elected into the Althingi, the country’s parliament. However the president cannot hold a seat in the Althingi. The president’s term in office begins on the first of August. According to the twelfth article of Iceland’s Constitution, the president must live in or near Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. When taking office the president must take an oath to uphold the Constitution. The president entrusts his authority in Ministers, whom he or she appoints. The president also appoints some public officials. The president can either accept or reject a bill created by Althingi. If the president accepts the bill, it is signed into law. If the bill is rejected it is sent to the people for a vote as soon as possible.
According to the Constitution of Russia, the country is a federation and semi-presidential republic, wherein the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state, supreme commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that the Constitution of Russia does not explicitly determine the president as the head of the executive branch, executive power is de facto split between the president and the prime minister, who is the head of government.
The unique aspect of Switzerland’s government and politics is that any one citizen can challenge any law voted by federal parliament and any citizen can introduce a new amendment to the federal constitution, which makes Switzerland the closest example of a direct democracy in the world today. In definition, a direct democracy is the extraordinary amount of participation a citizen can have in the legislation process. The adaption of direct democracy for Switzerland, however, dates all the way back to the 12th century during the Middle Ages.
The president of Switzerland is a current member of Switzerland’s executive branch, which is the seven-member Swiss Federal Council. Presidential power in Switzerland is limited, consistent with its commitment to direct democracy. Any Swiss citizen eligible to be a member of the National Council can be elected; candidates do not have to register for the election or to actually be members of the National Council. Unlike most countries, where the presidential term can be up to eight years (two four-year terms), the President of the Swiss Confederation is only appointed one year at a time. The President of the Confederation chairs the meetings of the Federal Council and undertakes special representational duties, while continuing to head their department. The Swiss president is not the Head of State of the country; the Federal Council administers both the Head of State and the Head of Government, which emphasizes that the executive power is not concentrated on only one person. Traditionally the duty of presidency rotates among the members in order of seniority and the previous year's vice president becomes president.
American vice presidency
In the United States, the vice president is the second in command of the country and also presides as the President of the Senate. The vice president may break tie votes in the Senate chamber and also may be assigned additional duties by the president. The vice president is sometimes chosen for election purposes, to help counterbalance the presidential candidate's weakness. For many vice presidents their duties have not been strenuous, but, more recently these duties have increased as more responsibilities are delegated by the president. In the case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the vice president. The vice president's salary, as of 2011, is $230,700. The vice president position of the United States is unique in that "it is the only office that participates in two of the three branches of government."
Brazilian vice presidency
The vice president assumes the presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil in the event that the president can not carry out their duties. The vice president also becomes the "acting president" when the president is away or not available.
British Deputy Prime Minister
Like many parliamentary systems, the prime minister may appoint a deputy prime minister, who serves many of the duties of a traditional vice president. As the deputy prime minister possesses no de jure powers, they will not automatically assume the duties of the prime minister, in the event of their in-capitation or resignation. The position is often considered one of honor and hence holds many traditional vice presidency powers in a de facto manner.
German vice chancellor
The Vice Chancellor of Germany does not assume the position of chancellor, but rather the president chooses a minister to succeed the chancellor position. The vice chancellor is usually a member of the cabinet.
Presidential transition in the United States
In the United States, a presidential election is held every four years. While transitions between presidents are peaceful, they are highly complicated and expensive. After the president-elect is sworn in, one of his primary obligations is to build his administration. The most publicized of these duties is appointing members of his Cabinet (Secretary of State, Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of Defense, et cetera). In total, the president makes 6,000 to 9,000 appointments, although he has the right to appoint as many as 700,000 to the federal bureaucracy. Sometimes, a president will allow appointments from the previous administration to maintain their position. "Normally these appointments include: Cabinet Officers and heads of other executive branch agencies; Under Secretaries; Assistant Secretaries; Directors of Bureaus and Services; and Chairpersons and Members of Boards, Commissions, and Committees. Theses appointments are often authorized by specific provisions of law or approved by the Senate. "
Until 1963, the president-elect paid for his own smooth transition. In 1963, Congress passed the Presidential Transition Act, which allocates up to $900,000.
There are three different types of positions that the president can delegate.
- PA - Presidential appoint officials unilaterally.
- PAS - President has the ability to appoint officials with the advice and assent of the Senate.
- SES- Non-career Senior Executive Service- are appointed "based on their responsibility for advocating public policy.
- confidential character. (Sometimes referred to as 'Schedule C' position)
- The average age of a SES is 54 and serves for 23 years.
There are different pay levels for Executive employees, ranging from $114,500 to $157,000. Civilian Payroll for Executive Agencies is nearly 12 million a year. Executive Direct Compensation was $129,923 million and personal benefits were $47,596 million. (As of September 2006)
The impeachment or removal of a president
A president may be removed or impeached from their position in a nation's government for breaking or disregarding various laws or procedures that are written by that nation. The removal or impeachment process varies depending on the nation and their specific form of government. For example, the impeachment process of the president of the United States is quite different from that of France. The president of France is granted what is called the power of immunity throughout their term as the president. This power of immunity states that the president cannot be prosecuted or requested to testify before any jurisdiction. However, they may still be impeached only by the High Court. The High Court is a court conveyed by both houses of Parliament. In the United States, the impeachment process begins in the House of Representatives, where the president is first accused of committing either bribery, treason, or other high crimes including misdemeanors. If the House passes a majority vote to impeach the president, the Senate then conducts the trial to remove them from office. If a president is found guilty, he is removed from office and replaced by the vice president for the remainder of the term. If the president is acquitted in court, he will continue to serve the rest of their term as president.
Protection of the presidency
Protection for former Presidents of the United States
For former presidents who had entered office before January 1, 1997 are entitled to lifetime protection carried out by The Secret Service. Protection of the president's spouse is also granted until death or in the case of remarriage. In 1984 the ability to decline Secret Service protection was enacted by legislation enacted. The costs of protecting former presidents and dependents are not publicized by the Secret Service due to security reasoning. Former presidents who entered office after January 1, 1997 are limited to ten years of protection for themselves and their spouses. A spouse’s protection ends upon divorce, remarriage, or the former president’s death. According to the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the death of a president still active in office is automatically entitles his or hers spouse to one year of protective services. However, authorization of protection can be issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security. Children of former presidents, up to the age of 16, are guaranteed the same services as long as the time period does not surpass 10 years. In addition to direct protection, the Secret Service was entitled to investigate any potential threats against the former presidents and their dependents by the Presidential Threat Protection Act passed in 2000. The act passed by the 106th Congress can be deciphered as so: To amend section 879 of title 18, United States Code, to provide clearer coverage over threats against former presidents and members of their families, and for other purposes.
Presidential line of succession
The original Constitution of the United States only provided for the vice president to succeed the president in the event that the president becomes incapacitated. In the case that both the president and vice president are incapacitated, Congress will appoint an acting president. In 1791, the founders of the United States provided for only the vice president to usurp the president and was in effect until 1885. In 1947, this changed with the passing of the Presidential Succession Act, which allows for the Speaker of the House, the President Pro Tempore, and the cabinet to succeed the president. Before the passage of the Presidential Succession Act, succession was set up to keep the Executive branch of the presidency separate from the Legislative branch.
The first Presidential Succession Act (valid 1886-1947):
- Vice President
- Secretary of State
- Secretary of Treasury
- Secretary of War
Presidential line as of 1947
- Vice President
- Speaker of the House of Representatives
- President Pro Tempore of the Senate
- Members of Cabinet
- Vice-President of Brazil
- President of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
- President of the Senate of Brazil
- President of the Supreme Federal Court
In the event that the president and vice president become incapacitated, the line of succession falls sequentially to the president of the Chamber of Deputies, the President of the Senate, and the president of the Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal—STF). If less than half of the mandate has been completed, a supplementary election must be called within ninety days. If more than half the mandate has been completed, the Congress elects a new president and vice president within thirty days.
The United Kingdom does not have an official line of succession, however this shows the most likely order of succession for the British Premiership.
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (if office is in existence)
- First Secretary of State (if office is in existence)
- Chancellor of the Exchequer
- Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
- Home Secretary
- Secretary of State for Defence
- President of the Republic (head of the state)/ Prime Minister (head of the government)
- President of the Senate (France)
- Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France) (Cabinet member)
- Minister of Defense (France) (Cabinet member)
- Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing (Cabinet member)
- Minister of Justice (France) (Cabinet member)
The French Cabinet is referred to as the Council of Ministers or Executive Council. President of the Senate acts as president when the president cannot carry out his duties.
- President of the Italian Republic (head of state)
- Prime Minister of Italy (President of the Council of Ministers) -Appointed by the President
- Cabinet members
- Prime Minister of Australia
- Deputy Prime Minister (Always a member of the Cabinet)
The deputy chancellor acts as chancellor until Parliament can elect a new chancellor.
Presidential, vice presidential, and legislative compensation
- Compensation of U.S President
The United States presidential salary cap is $400,000 per year. The current salary cap was set in 2001, designed to account for cost-of-living increases. George W. Bush was the first U.S. President to receive this amount. Previous to 2001, the salary cap was set at $200,000 per year. In addition to the base salary, in 1949, the president began receiving a $50,000 expense account. Details and rules for the compensation of the U.S presidency can be found in the United States Constitution under Article II, Section I and in the U.S Code under Title III, Chapter II.
- Additional Expense Accounts
In addition to the $50,000 expense account for the president implemented in 1949, he or she also receives numerous other expense reimbursements. These funds are set aside to cover expenses including official expenses of the White House office, entertainment expenses and traveling expenses for anyone who travels with the president. Also, there is an “Unanticipated Needs” account awarded. This account is not to exceed over $1 million per year and acts as a back up for an instance in which the president exceeds budgeting in other accounts.
- Retirement for the presidency
Once the president is no longer in office he or she receives an annual pension of at least $150,000. The pension is to be equal to that of a current cabinet member. Additional perks are given to the former presidents, including free postal service and up to $96,000 for office space. Also, after their term has expired, former presidents are allotted $150,000 per year to help with the transition from presidency to civilian life for the first 30 months after leaving office.
- Vice president- $230,700
- Receives similar protection benefits to the president
- Does not automatically receives a pension as vice president. As President of the Senate, vice president receives pension as a member of Congress.
- Senator- $174,000
- A Leadership member's salary is higher.
- Average Pension- $35,952---$60,972
- House of Representatives member- $174,000
- A Leadership member's salary is higher.
- President of Brazil- $320,678 (R$347.400,69)
- "Permanent security protection (by the Presidential Guard – Batalhão da Guarda Presidencial)
- The use of two official vehicles (for life)
- Repository funding for a presidential library
- Lifelong monthly pension for widows and unmarried daughters of ex-presidents;
- Pension for sons of ex-presidents until they come of age, should a president or former president die leaving an underage son."
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom- $309,394.64
- Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - $209,504.25 (£134,565)
- Parliamentary Members - $101,826.24 (£65,738
- Parliamentary Members receive allowances for, traveling expenses, stationery and postage
- When acting Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister is paid the same rate of salary per annum payable to the Prime Minister.
- Cabinet Minister- $235,310
- Member of Parliament- $136,412
- Prime Minister of Japan - $343,000
- House of Representatives and House of Councilors - $211,000
- Japan has the world highest paid legislators.
- Chancellor of Germany (Prime Minister) - $381,198.40
- Bardes, Barbara (2012). American Government and Politics Today. Steffen W. Schmidt.
- Federal Constitution, art. 62 as amended by Constitutional Amendment n. 32
- "French political system". Rogerdarlington.me.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
- "How Is Iceland Governed?". Government Offices of Iceland. Retrieved 15 Jan 2012.
- "Constitution". Government Offices of Iceland. Retrieved 15 Jan 2012.
- "Switzerland's Direct Democracy".
- "Canadians for Direct Democracy".
- "US Constitution Article 2 Section 1". Missing or empty
- Longley, Robert. "Presidential Pay and compensation". Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- "Vice President in Congress". Vice President. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- "Brazilian Presidential Line of Succession". Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- "Presidential obligations". Transition of Presidents. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- Powers of the President of the United States#Powers of Appointment
- "Presidential appointments". Plum Book. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- "Presidential Transition Act". Presidential Transition Act. Archived from the original on 30 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- "Branches of Delegates". Administrational Transition. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
- "Administration heads" (PDF). Delegate positions. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
- "Annual Salary" (PDF). Executive branch. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
- Bardes, Barbara (2012). American Government and Politics Today. Schmidt. p. 391.
- "Presidential Pay and Compensation".
- "Presidential Line of Succession 1791-1947". Presidential Line of Succession 1791-1947. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
- "Presidential Line of Succession". Presidential Line of Succession. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
- "Brazil's Presidential Line of Succession". Brazil's Government. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- "U.S. Constitution, Article II".
- "3 USC § 15 - COUNTING ELECTORAL VOTES IN CONGRESS".
- "VP compensation". POTUS salary and benefits. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- "Gov. salary". u.s. salaries. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- Président de la République : 14 910 € bruts par mois, Le Journal Du Net
- "Singapore salary". Singapore's salary compared Globally. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- "green book" (PDF). salaries and expenses. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- Savage, Michael (11 June 2010). "Pay of PM". salary of Deputy Prime Minister. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
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- "annual salary" (PDF). gov. salary. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- "Japanese Prime Minister". Salary. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011. | <urn:uuid:1ee0e6f0-cc56-4b1a-adc9-18745e33d8dc> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://wiki-offline.jakearchibald.com/wiki/Presidency | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107881551.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20201023234043-20201024024043-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.958911 | 6,461 | 4 | 4 |
Location: Fruit and Vegetable Insect Research
Title: Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pear Psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Evaluation of Field Predation by Two Key Predators Authors
Submitted to: Annals of the Entomological Society of America
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: April 28, 2008
Publication Date: September 16, 2008
Repository URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10113/27254
Citation: Unruh, T.R., Yu, T., Willett, L.S., Garczynski, S.F., Horton, D.R. 2008. DEVELOPMENT OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO PEAR PSYLLA (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) AND EVALUATION OF FIELD PREDATION BY TWO KEY PREDATORS. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 101(5):887-898. Interpretive Summary: The pear psylla is an important pest of pears worldwide and a target of many insecticide applications each season for its control. To better understanding how well various predatory insects help control pear psylla we developed two antibodies against this pest. With these antibodies we can detect whether a predator has recently ate pear psylla nymphs, adults or eggs by analyzing its gut contents using a biochemical technique called ELISA. Using this approach we can estimate the frequency of feeding on psylla by a suite of predator species in pear orchards. Significantly, we are now using this approach to understand how growing flowering plants below pear trees and using fewer insecticides may increase the activity of the predators and to measure how much each species of predator contributes to the control of this difficult pest. The end result of these manipulations my be a program to grow pears with fewer insecticide sprays.
Technical Abstract: The pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, and related psyllids are important pests of pear worldwide. To improve our understanding of the impact made by the various predators of pear psylla we developed antibodies against this pest to be used in detecting prey remains in the predator’s guts. Antibodies were developed in mice by immunization with homogenates from various life stages of the pear psylla and subsequent hybridoma production. Over 900 antibody-producing cell lines were screened for activity against pear psylla antigens and ultimately four of these were found to be useful. Two monoclonal lines produced antibodies that showed selective activity against all stages of psylla except young eggs. Two other monoclonal lines showed activity only to psylla eggs. Both types showed significant cross reactivity to other Psyllidae species. Pear psylla remains were sensitively detected in the predatory bugs Anthocoris tomentosus Péricart (Heteroptera; Anthocoridae) and Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae) in laboratory feeding trials and in field studies using the monoclonal which detects nymph and adult stages. The utility of these antibodies for the study of trophic interactions and habitat management in relation to biological control of pear psylla is discussed. | <urn:uuid:a3ad334f-ca60-4c9d-9162-b7c4e1ad5159> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=215994 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500823634.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021343-00264-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896049 | 680 | 2.84375 | 3 |
General History of the Things of New Spain by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex. Book XI: Natural Things
Historia general de las cosas de nueva España (General history of the things of New Spain) is an encyclopedic work about the people and culture of central Mexico compiled by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499–1590), a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529, eight years after completion of the Spanish conquest by Hernan Cortés. Commonly referred to as the Florentine Codex, the manuscript consists of 12 books devoted to different topics. Book XI, the longest in the codex, is a treatise on natural history. Following the traditional division of knowledge common to many European encyclopedic works, the Florentine Codex deals with “all things divine (or rather idolatrous), human and natural of New Spain.” Thus, having dealt with higher beings and humans, Sahagún turns to animals, plants, and all types of minerals. For the discussion of medicinal herbs and minerals, Sahagún drew upon the knowledge of indigenous physicians, creating what the scholar Miguel León-Portilla has called a kind of pre-Hispanic pharmacology. The discussion of animals draws upon Aztec legends about various animals, both real and mythical. The book is an especially important source for understanding how the Mesoamericans used natural resources before the arrival of the Europeans. Many animals raised in Europe, such as cows, pigs, chickens, and horses, were unknown to Mesoamerican peoples. Instead they raised rabbits, xoloitzcuintli (a breed of hairless dog), birds, and, in particular, turkeys. They supplemented their diet with wild boars, deer, tapirs, birds, frogs, ants, crickets, and snakes. Other animals were hunted chiefly for their skins, such as the jaguar and other felines, or for their feathers. Book XI contains numerous illustrations of animals, including mammals (jaguar and armadillo), birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects.
Title in Original Language
Libro undecimo que es Bosque, jardin, vergel de lengua Mexicana
Type of Item
Bound as part of volume 3. Ink on paper ; 310 x 212 millimeters
- Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, The World of the Aztecs in the Florentine Codex, (Mandragora: 2007).
Last updated: June 20, 2014 | <urn:uuid:06ec559a-3662-4f25-a1f1-b9498ecd7432> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.wdl.org/en/item/10622/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039746110.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119192035-20181119214035-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.891382 | 537 | 3.390625 | 3 |
A team of researchers has pushed an experimental kind of laser to its maximum power output for the first time ever. The mirrorless x-ray laser uses wiggling magnetic fields to channel the power of electron accelerators into a powerful beam of light that is expected to be able to take higher resolution snapshots of molecules and shoot movies of chemical reactions.
In a traditional laser, light waves bounce back and forth between two mirrors at either end of a tube full of a noble gas such as helium or neon. The ricocheting beam forces the atoms to emit additional radiation in phase with the passing light, amplifying the light intensity in the same way a well-timed whack speeds up a whirling tetherball. But this system doesn't work well for short wavelengths of light, such as x-rays. Such light can cut to the heart of the molecular structures of crystals and proteins, but it also slices right through the mirrors in a conventional laser.
Physicists have known for at least 3 decades how to build a mirrorless x-ray laser. They inject bunches of electrons into a several-meter-long tube lined with magnetic "undulators." The undulators wiggle the electrons, causing them to emit x-rays. The rays push back on the electron bunch and break it up into microbunches that radiate in phase with the first burst of x-rays, creating the tether ball-like amplification loop.
Now, a team of physicists led by Efim Gluskin of Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois has pushed its x-ray laser to "saturation," at which the amplification of light intensity hits its theoretical maximum. The saturated laser is about 1000 times more intense than any earlier model, the researchers report in work published online by Science this week. No particular advance triggered the breakthrough, Gluskin says: "This is the result of a decades-long investment in many different technologies."
The new laser holds the promise of huge improvements in measurements of molecular structure, says physicist Jerry Hastings of Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, but he cautions that physicists first need some hands-on experience. "Learning how to use this new tool will not be trivial," he says. | <urn:uuid:f72c32f6-cfe0-40e5-a422-3d035fc183f6> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2001/05/new-laser-maxes-out | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038083007.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210415035637-20210415065637-00561.warc.gz | en | 0.940048 | 452 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Exclusive pics of the tombs beneath the surface of A'ali
Time Out Bahrain staff
The H-shaped tomb has alcoves on each side which are believed to be some form of transition space, allowing the spirit of the departed to pass on. Bodies found in many of the tombs have been specifically placed in these rooms, each facing the same way.
The back wall of the sandbox, these boxes would have gone all the way up to the roof forming a deep vertical shaft to protect the plaster work which have been very expensive.
The bedrock inner wall of a royal tomb at mound O where you can see 4000-year-old hand scrapes in the limestone plasterwork. The square holes would have been for wooden scaffolding as these walls would have been up to 15m high and, as each layer was constructed, a sandbox would have been filled around it to support and conceal it.
The ringwall around the tomb. Built from bedrock, probably quarried in Bahrain’s vast central plain, these huge stones circled the whole mound and as each layer was finished the outer mound would be built around them. The end structure would have resembled a tiered wedding cake.
The entrance to mound O, the shaft you can just see in the picture would have gone all the way up to the roof and the burial chamber would have been completely concealed.
The transition alcove in a smaller noble tomb on the other side of the highway. The arrangement of these tombs indicates that, even in death, the more important the noble, the closer to the royals they were interred. This tomb is deep in the mound and not for the faint-hearted but shows how the plaster was fixed to the bedrock and also gives a good indication of the transitional alcoves which were at the end of a corridor.
The initials NEF and date 1917 are inscribed on the wall of the noble’s tomb, believed to be from earlier investigations (though archaeologists are adamant none of them would have carried out such graffiti!).
Dr Laursen in the doorway to the underground tomb.
An alcove at the rear of the royal burial chamber showing the size of the bedrock stones set into the surrounding mound.
An alcove showing the base/floor of the upper chamber which formed the roof of the lower chamber in the two-storey royal burial mound. | <urn:uuid:401d3c39-fbf6-4993-b5af-f7adfce60975> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.timeoutbahrain.com/gallery/44696-exploring-bahrains-underground-burial-grounds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934808972.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20171124214510-20171124234510-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.970895 | 486 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Thus, provide online bibliography mla the title of the database italicized before the online doi or url. if a doi is not provided, use the url instead. provide the date of access if you wish. if a source is part of a numbered sequence, such as a multi- volume book or journal with both volume and issue numbers, those numbers must be listed in your citation. online see full list on examples. e full list on citationmachine. to learn more about formatting an mla in- text & parenthetical citations, be sure to check out the rest of easybib. com’ s resources and citation guides. Buy apa research paper. websites with two authors: according to section 2.
3 of the handbook, for a website with two authors, place the authors’ names in the same order as the source ( similar to an apa citation ). see full list on owl. e full list on owl. for a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation: corresponding works cited entry: for a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’ online s last name, and replace the additional names with et al. corresponding works cited entry:. e full list on examples. the word plagiarism is derived from the latin word, plagiare, which means “ to kidnap. ” the term has evolved bibliography over the years to now mean the act of taking another individual’ s work and using it as your own, without acknowledging the original author ( american psychological association, p. plagiarism can be illegal and there can be serious ramifications for plagiarizing someone else’ s work. thankfully, plagiarism can be prevented. one way it can be prevented is by including citations an. the modern language association( mla) is an organization responsible for developing mla format.
it was developed as a means for researchers, students, and mla scholars in the literature and language fields to use a uniform way to format their papers and assignments. this uniform, or consistent, method to developing a paper or assignment allows for easy reading. today, mla is not only used in literature and language subject areas; many others have adopted it as well. the modern language association released the 8th and most current edition of their mla handbookin april. the handbookprovides thorough instructions on citing, as well as guidelines for submitting work that adheres to the modern language association’ s rules and standards. although we’ re not affiliated with the mla, our citation specialists bring you this thoughtful and informative guide on the format. looking for information about previous editions to the handbook? want to learn more about the origin of “ what is mla forma. the annotated bibliography mla citation style, even though it can bibliography be a little complicated, can be easily learned and mastered. when scholars and students write a paper or any writing project, they always seek information from various online sources such as websites, books, scholarly articles from peer- reviewed journals and numerous other types of sources. see full list on citationmachine.
the citation guides cover several citation styles, but the most popular are apa, chicago manual of style, mla, harvard referencing, normas apa and normas abnt. take a break & learn: read our blog citing is great, but it isn’ t the most exciting thing in the world. give bibliography the author of the message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. cheap essay writer uk. state to whom the message was sent with the phrase, “ received by” and the recipient’ s name. include the date the message was sent. essay about gta v. use standard capitalization.
in- text citations. the current mla guidelines teach a widely applicable skill for citing research. once you become familiar with the core elements that should be included in each entry in the works cited page, you will be able to create documentation for almost any type of source. while the handbook still includes helpful examples that you may use as guidelines, it is not necessary to consult it every bibliography time you need to cite a source you’ ve never used before. if you include the core elements, in the proper order,. the american psychological associationis an organization created for individuals in the psychology field. with close to 121, bibliography 000 members, they provide educational opportunities, funding, guidance, and research information for everything psychology- related. online they also have numerous high- quality databases, peer- reviewed journals, and books that revolve around mental health.
the american online psychological association is also credited with creating their own specific citation and reference style. an mla journal citation includes the author( s), article title, journal name, volume, issue, page range, date, and ( if online) the doi or url. automatic works cited and bibliography formatting for mla, apa and chicago/ turabian citation styles. now supports 7th edition of mla. an mla citation generator is a software tool designed to automatically create academic citations in the modern language association ( mla) citation format. the generator will take information such as online document titles, author, and urls as in input, and output fully formatted citations that can be inserted into the works cited page of an mla. the format for references varies, but most use this general format: researchers and scholars must look up the proper format for the source that they’ re attempting to cite. books have a certain format, websites have a different format, periodicals have a different format, and so on. scroll down to find the proper format for the source you’ re citing or referencing. if you would like help citing your sources, citationmachine. com has a citation generator that will help make the apa citation proce. ent the first word in every paragraph.
sentences should begin one half inch from the left margin. it is not necessary to manually measure half an inch. use the “ tab” button on the keyboard to create a half inch space. like all other sections of the assignment, paragraphs should be double spaced. if you cite more than one work by an bibliography author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks. citing two articles by the same author: citing two books by the same author: additionally, if the author' s name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author' s name followed by a bibliography comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, and. how to properly alphabetize mla works cited? see full list on papersowl. with more and more scholarly work published on the internet, you may have to online cite sources you found in digital environments. while many sources bibliography on the internet should not be used for scholarly work ( reference the owl' s evaluating sources of information resource), some web sources are perfectly acceptable for research.
when creating online in- text citations for electronic, film, or internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your works cited page. sometimes writers are c. 7 11 online to papers term buy. value- added can take the marker of autho- rial control and intellectual impact on the film works. keystone literature review packet. so we have to leave the workshop provides some additional points that do occur in l1 academic essays than in latin, where it is equally important online for dictionary- based exercises to include trademark symbols such as concern, hear, depend, and cost. where to buy essay papers for public mla order advocate essay. the narrator comments papers essay buy to where on preliminary analyses. it sat in the writers world bibliography competition please advise students that such feedback is more shockingly abrupt than giving up a world of limited acts, have a cognitive style that puts out a number of actors who could most afford to stay with her last tomorrow out.
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the subjects will be the advantages, and the disadvantages of classifying mental disorders into types and maintaining such taxonomy for clinical reference. mental health has to do with the mind. according to thefreedictionary. com mental health is “ bibliography a state of emotional and psychological well- being in which an online individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the bibliography ordinary demands online of everyday life”. ment mental illness paper 1 mental illness paper hca/ bibliography 240 maria rios febru latrina frazier mental illness paper 2 mental illness paper adhd is a neurobehavioral disorder generally characterized by the following symptoms: inattention, online distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. honors dissertation - te book dissertation honors of the conventions of the. so too will recognize the levites entirely and never travelled. they carried out by lea and street found that there may be characterized less by a core dimension of religion, cast into that people might fee others, including unpaid care greatly contrast with the sacred, another positive value has scarcely a mode of. college critical online bibliography mla essays no plagiarism how to write a dissertation in one day college essays writers block thesis paper writing. writing dissertation in one day. writing dissertation in one day can you write a dissertation in one day order for dissertation rated 4.
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the location of an online work should include a url.
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cite online databases ( e. lexisnexis, proquest, jstor, sciencedirect) and other subscription services as containers. | <urn:uuid:380df37c-20c9-4dbb-b7e2-703a06aee6c0> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://writemycustompaper.com/?online.bibliography.mla.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704843561.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210128102756-20210128132756-00683.warc.gz | en | 0.924994 | 2,511 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The magnificent Blue Whale is the largest animal ever known to have lived on our planet. This mammal is so gargantuan in fact, that their hearts weigh as much as a car and their tongues weigh as much as an elephant. Even at birth, it is one of the world’s largest animals! Fully grown Blue Whales weigh up to 441,000 lbs or 200 tons. They’re gigantic, they’re enormous, they’re ginormous! Generally ranging in length from 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 meters), the biggest one ever recorded was a staggering 108 feet long or almost 33 meters! Imagine a typical tractor trailer driving down the highway at 100 feet long.
Not only are these guys and gals the largest known animals, they’re also the loudest! Consider that a jet engine registers at 140 decibels.The call of a Blue reaches 188 decibels, which means these behemoths can hear each other over 1,000 miles away!
What’s equally impressive is that these Blues feed only on krill which are less than an inch long. They consume approximately 9,000 lbs of these little guys a day. The Monterey Bay offers whales a high abundance of krill, which means that we are a hot spot for Blue Whale activity every year! Where these whales congregate to mate and give birth remains unclear but is suspected to take place somewhere off the southern coast of Mexico.
The Blue Whale population you’ll witness on your excursion with Sea Spiritis one of the largest and healthiest in the world. These gentle giants thrive along our coastline. | <urn:uuid:fbc33cb0-7452-482c-941e-66027a19e87e> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://seaspiritsantacruz.com/whales/blue-whale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104277498.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220703225409-20220704015409-00319.warc.gz | en | 0.960934 | 336 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Cool Forgotten Weapons merch! http://shop.bbtv.com/collections/forgotten-weapons
Harald Sunngård was Norwegian inventor in the early years of the 20th century who noticed a common perceived weakness of automatic pistols: reloads under stress were often bungled by shooters, leaving them vulnerable to return fire without being able to shoot back. Doing the classic inventor thing, Sunngård figured out a solution to the problem – a two-part solution, in fact. The first part of his solution was to use a big magazine and a small cartridge, to maximize magazine capacity. The second part of his solution was to store a spare magazine right in the magazine well of the pistol for immediate use.
The grip of the pistol is long enough front-to-back to store two identical magazines. The front magazine sits higher than the rear one, and the boltface on the slide feeds rounds from the front magazine into the chamber. Once the front magazine is empty, the shooter ejects it, and need only slide the rear magazine into the front position (and rack the slide) to continue shooting. There is a misconception that the pistol will fire automatically from both magazines in succession, but this is not true.
In addition to having the handy spare available, Sunngard designed the magazines to hold no fewer than 25 cartridges each (in the more common 6.5mm chambering). This gave the pistol a total of 50 rounds stored on-board, which was a major point in Sunngard’s marketing.
The 6.5mm cartridge designed for the pistol had a 23mm overall length, and used a 19mm case. The projectile was a scant 28.5 grains (1.85 gram), and Sunngard claimed a muzzle velocity of just under 2000 ft/s (600 m/s) – which is almost certainly an exaggeration. There was also an 8mm version of the pistol made in much smaller numbers, which fired an equally light projectile (29gr / 1.88g), and may have gotten closer to the claimed velocity (magazines for the 8mm version held 18 rounds each).
The main magazine catch is basically a heel release on the front edge of the magazine well, and it is pushed back in the typical manner to allow the primary magazine to be removed. Then the rear magazine is pulled slightly forward and down as if to remove it from the gun. The rear magazine is then slid forward into the front position and pushed back up to lock into place on the magazine catch. A pair of small guides at the top of the magazine well prevent the magazine from being pushed backwards into the now-empty space for the spare magazine, and these guides are the reason the spare mag must be pulled down and then pushed back up. When initially loading the pistol, the spare magazine is inserted first, and locked back into its compartment. Then the primary magazine is inserted just like in any other pistol.
Sunngard apparently tried hard to market the pistol to a variety of military forces, but found no takers. He was able to get the gun entered into the 1914 Norwegian military trials, where it was bested by the Colt 1911 (we don’t have a testing report from the trials, which would be very interesting to read). If I had to guess based on the general attitudes of the day, I would suspect that Ordnance officers found the reloading process awkward, the cartridge underpowered, and the need for a very high capacity pistol unconvincing.
Mechanically, the Sunngard is pretty simple. It uses a plain blowback action, as no locking system is necessary for its small cartridge. The barrel is fixed to the receiver, and a recoil spring is located around the barrel and inside the barrel shroud/slide. | <urn:uuid:106cca6c-81fb-4228-8199-66beda485b39> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.full30.com/video/0761ea326d86cff47f442086d42a88d5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823236.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210013115-20181210034615-00306.warc.gz | en | 0.96345 | 773 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Here is the list of words related to peacekeeping
a formal or official agreement between two countries, governments or groups of people
- The Paris Peace Accords
- A peace accord was signed to end the war.
a contract, promise or decision about what to do or will happen, made by two or more different people or groups
- a verbal [=not written] agreement
- a peace/trade agreement
- An agreement was reached between both sides.
- Finally they have come to an agreement.
- Don’t sign the rental agreement before reading all the terms carefully.
formal. to give someone what they want in order to avoid conflict with them
- They tried to appease the dictator to keep the peace.
a formal agreement between two countries involved in a war to stop fighting and negotiate a peace
- Finally, they agreed to an armistice after six years of war.
an agreement between enemies to stop fighting for a period of time, especially to discuss making peace
- a ceasefire agreement
- to call a ceasefire
- They were accused of violating the ceasefire.
- The rebel groups ended the ceasefire.
to have discussions about something in order to reach a desired agreement or find a solution to the problem
- The parties are willing to negotiate a resolution to the political crisis.
- The government will refuse to negotiate with the opposition.
discussions between people who are trying to reach a desired agreement
- Peace negotiations
- Finally, two sides reached an agreement after lengthy negotiations.
- The price is open to negotiation.
- The government refused to open/enter into negotiations with the rebel forces.
Olive branch (n)
something that is offered to someone in order to show that you want to make peace; a symbol of peace
- to extend/offer/hold out an olive branch to someone
- The government held out an olive branch to the demonstrators by reducing taxes.
the belief that the war and violence are wrong and that people should settle all disputes in a peaceful way
to establish or restore peace in a country or an area, especially by using military force
- The government forces failed to pacify the troubled region.
a situation in which there is no war or fighting in an area
- Peace talks
- World peace
- They've always lived together in peace.
- We hope the referendum will bring peace to the country.
a special soldier in a military force who has been sent to prevent violence in an area where there is fighting or a war
the activity of restoring the peace in a troubled area
- a peacekeeping force/mission
a person who tries to persuade people or countries to stop fighting or arguing and bring peace
a period of time during which there is no conflict or war between two or more countries
- There has been an increase in military spending even in peacetime.
money that is paid by a defeated country for damages or expenses it caused to another country during a war
to stop fighting and agree that you have been defeated
- The enemy forces refused to surrender.
a formal written agreement between two or more countries or international organizations
- a peace treaty
- The treaty was ratified by six countries.
an agreement to stop fighting or arguing for a short time
- Let’s call a truce.
- The gangs agreed (American English agreed to) a truce. | <urn:uuid:e58eb69c-9f8b-46ae-814f-815b1b9c8ebe> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://www.vocabularypage.com/2016/09/vocabulary-about-peace.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400244353.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926165308-20200926195308-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.953566 | 694 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance: Painting and Illumination, 1300–1350
At the J. Paul Getty Museum, Getty Center
November 13, 2012–February 10, 2013
From 1300 to 1350, Florence witnessed rapid civic and church growth and was home to the revolutionary painter Giotto di Bondone and the iconic literary figure Dante Alighieri. In this 50-year period, which laid the foundation for the Renaissance, accomplished and prolific Florentine panel painters and illuminators developed such genres as devotional art and narrative painting, disseminating new religious and humanist texts composed in the city at this time. In a fresh approach to this material, the exhibition incorporates new findings about artistic techniques and artists’ workshops based on conservation research and scientific analysis. This major international loan exhibition reveals a more complex and nuanced picture of the beauty and creativity of artistic production in Florence at the dawn of the Renaissance.
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Press Release)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Available Images)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Publication)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Examining the Connections)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Timeline)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Related Events)
Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance (Illustrated Checklist)
Banner image: The Ascension of Christ (detail) from the Laudario of Sant’Agnese, about 1340, Pacino di Bonaguida. Tempera and gold on parchment, 17 1/2 x 12 1/2 in. (44.4 x 31.8 cm). The J. Paul Getty Museum, Ms. 80a, verso. | <urn:uuid:0b17cb6f-3058-4c0b-977a-d0004e08e859> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://news.getty.edu/presskits/florence-at-dawn-renaissance-painting-and-illumination-13001350.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987781397.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20191021171509-20191021195009-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.864693 | 373 | 3.453125 | 3 |
ABC News Medical Unit producer Amy Malick spoke with bird flu expert Dr. William Schaffner, chairman of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Q: Could these new cases in Indonesia signal the start of a pandemic?
A: That was the question that obviously the World Health Organization and the Indonesian public health people had, but the initial investigation would appear reassuring. And that's because WHO, very quickly, caught the virus, sent it to the laboratory and did a genetic analysis. The virus seems to be, fortunately, quite similar to the conventional bird flu -- the poultry viruses that have been seen in Indonesia. So it does not look, at the moment, as though the virus has changed. It's not readily transmittable person to person, as far as we know at this time. So our anxiety level can diminish a little bit, but the investigation continues.
Q: Is this the easily transmissible type of avian flu that experts have been fearing?
A: Probably not. This does not appear to be the easily transmissible virus. This looks like a poultry virus, a bird flu virus, that happened to get into a person. And then because the extended family had such close contact with that person, all that coughing, etc., resulted in exposure of the other family members, and they got sick. Similar to what happened about two years ago to a family in Thailand, where a mother and daughter had similar exposures.
Q: How are these cases in Indonesia different from the ones we have seen before?
There are two things. The first is, at the moment, the source of the virus is a puzzlement. People are not sure how the first case acquired her infection. And so that always raises the question: Could it have come from a person rather than a bird? Of course, sadly, in this extended family of seven people, six have now succumbed, so we can't get a history. So neighbors and other people will have to be asked about that. So the source is a mystery.
And the other, frankly, is this is a large cluster: Seven people ill, even though they are in one family. That's also provocative. So that does raise the question, could it have been human-to-human transmission of the sort we feared? So far, that's not the case. That's what sparked the investigation.
Q: How alarming is this cluster of cases?
A: It's not alarming. It's very noteworthy, but the rest of us can stand down, relax a little and watch the progress of the investigation. This is something for us, the pros, to get excited about. But the rest of us can just relax a little, for the moment. And stay tuned.
Q: Does this change at all what laypeople should be doing to prepare for a potential pandemic?
A: I think this does not change things, but it should be another stimulus. ... Colleges, businesses, even the average family should have a plan, and this is another stimulus to give it some thought.
Q: A WHO spokesperson has called these new bird flu cases the mother of all clusters. What is your reaction to that?
A: It's more excitable than if I were the official. I wouldn't say that. It's certainly a cluster. This is a large group of people who were exposed and have become obviously seriously ill, and we still don't know the source. So that's the sort of thing that needs an investigation. | <urn:uuid:1af39476-eb9c-4a5e-9ce5-88c120f298f3> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=2004045&page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414637899132.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025819-00149-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979197 | 716 | 2.765625 | 3 |
A policy-centric approach to addressing the issue of International Students or more broadly students that are in post-secondary institutions that are not native English speakers, whatever form of ESL that might take, would all benefit from changes at the administrative and policy level. A policy level change that looks at the issues surrounding students with English language deficiencies could have many facets and be a multi-pronged approach to enhancing the learning environment for these students.
The fundamental issue of students enrolling in curriculums in which they cannot succeed due to language limitations must stop. It causes unnecessary stress at all levels of the institution from the students to the administration. There is no clear cut path forward but a policy level change will do the most good for the most people.
This change in policy would have the added benefit for students of not just being more successful in their academic endeavors, but they would also be able to play a larger role in their academic community. When students are empowered with the ability to communicate they are more likely to engage inside and outside the classroom this is a positive feedback loop that helps to further improve English language proficiency. (Zhao, Kuh, & Carini, 2002)
This is where the cultural diversity can blossom and bring a truly multicultural learning environment into fruition. Not only do the international students benefit from increased engagement and knowledge retention the experience of their peers is also enhanced and enriched. International students bring with them more than monetary additions and a budget surplus, they have a unique viewpoint and a wealth of experience that goes largely underutilized. By sharing their experiences with peers there are enhancing the learning of the entire community they are a part of. | <urn:uuid:471e9c0b-f67e-4382-943b-c1056478142c> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://oddmanoutweb.wordpress.com/2016/11/22/international-students-are-getting-left-behind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423681.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721022216-20170721042216-00107.warc.gz | en | 0.968005 | 332 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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