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Thinking about Houses
Wilson, Scottie Thinking about Houses, 1950 ink and watercolour on paper 57 x 38 cm © photo credit Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne
Wilson, Scottie, (1888-1972), Scotland
Scottie Wilson (Louis Freemann) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He never went to school and remained illiterate. At the age of 16 he joined the army, then worked in fun fairs and circuses. Some years afterwards he had a small mobile stall with which he walked round London’s markets. Around 1928, after an enforced exile in Ireland, he emigrated to Toronto, Canada, where he became a retailer. Scottie Wilson started to draw in the back of his shop at the age of 40. Later he moved to Vancouver, where he devoted himself exclusively to creative activity. Returning to London after the war, he sold his drawings for low prices in markets or at exhibitions that he organised himself in unusual places, such as a cinema hall, disused shop or caravan.
Scottie Wilson would trace the outlines of his subjects in black and white, and then treat them with hatchings in different-coloured inks to produce subtle efects of transparency. Fish, birds and people, including numerous self-portraits, abound in his works. Whatever their patterns, they comprise several recurring shapes—such as half-moons, spheres or lozenges— that fit into each other. The compositions spread outwards from the support center and symmetrical to that axis. They stand out against a background left blank or covered in a single shade; often they are framed by decorative elements or stylized arabesques.
- Architecture (Exhibition catalogues)
- Architecture (english version) (Exhibition catalogues)
- Almanach de l'Art Brut (Books about Art Brut)
- The Art Brut Fascicle N°04 (The Art Brut Fascicles) | <urn:uuid:0977923f-b37b-4801-83d2-44c11ed38263> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.artbrut.ch/en_GB/author/wilson-scottie | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203462.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324145706-20190324171706-00389.warc.gz | en | 0.960605 | 400 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Standard Model of particle physics may be soon be found by the huge Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Europe. The term boson refers to a type of fundamental particle with similarities to the photon, while Higgs refers to Peter Higgs, a physicist who among others published research predicting the mechanism through which such a particle might act. The above animated cartoon explains in humorous but impressive detail why the Higgs boson is expected, and one method that the Large Hadron Collider is using to find it. Although some rumors hint that preliminary traces of the Higgs boson are already being found, even not finding this unusual particle would open the door to a new fundamental understanding of how our universe works.
NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers
NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.
Based on Astronomy Picture Of the Day | <urn:uuid:c51098b3-54e9-4408-bf43-e80d079893c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.astronet.ru/db/xware/msg/1264057 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499845.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131055533-20230131085533-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.918182 | 229 | 3.734375 | 4 |
For Friday, Aug. 14, 2018
1 – Bay County is looking for your input on parks and recreation.
The county is participating in a joint recreation plan with 14 other communities, from Auburn to Williams Township.
They’re asking people to go online to baycountysurvey.com.
Officials say ideas from the survey will help shape the future of parks in Bay County.
An updated five-year Bay County Parks and Recreation Plan will cover recreation for the county and participating municipalities that also include Bangor Township, Bay City, Beaver Township, Essexville, Frankenlust Township, Fraser Township, Hampton Township, Kawkawlin Township, Merritt Township, Monitor Township, Pinconning and Portsmouth Township.
The survey at baycountysurvey.com takes five to 10 minutes to complete and asks questions about county and local recreation. The recreation plan can help the county and community secure grants in the future.
2 – What are riparian buffer strips? Two groups are trying to get the message out.
The word riparian refers to the place where streams meet land.
Riparian buffer strips typically contain three progressive zones of plants to filter groundwater and protect the environment.
Together, these zones:
- reduce sediment loss
- provide shade and moderate temperature
- maintain bank stability
- recharge groundwater
- protect aquatic and wildlife habitat
- enhance nutrient uptake.
These benefits can apply to buffer strips near agricultural, industrial or residential areas.
Human use of land near streams can negatively impact the purity of the water. Riparian buffers are a primary tool for protecting freshwater ecosystems.
You can find out more online from the American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America. | <urn:uuid:53b3b256-4461-4372-9a85-2f26091350cf> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://mrgreatlakes.com/2018/09/14/bay-county-parks-survey-riparian-buffer-strips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057018.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920040604-20210920070604-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.886162 | 353 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Injuries to the mouth can cause teeth to be pushed back into their sockets. Your endodontist or general dentist may reposition and stabilize your tooth. Root canal treatment is usually started within a few weeks of the injury and a medication, such as calcium hydroxide, will be placed inside the tooth. Eventually, a permanent root canal filling will be implanted.
Sometimes a tooth may be pushed partially out of the socket. Again, your endodontist or general dentist may reposition and stabilize your tooth. If the pulp remains healthy, then no other treatment is necessary. Yet, if the pulp becomes damaged or infected, root canal treatment will be required.
Contact our office today to schedule an appointment!
If an injury causes a tooth to be completely knocked out of your mouth, it is important that you are treated immediately! If this happens to you, keep the tooth moist. If possible, put it back into the socket. A tooth can be saved if it remains moist. You can even put the tooth in milk or a glass of water (add a pinch of salt.) Your Endodontist may start root canal treatment based upon the stage of root development. The length of time the tooth was out of your mouth and the way the tooth was stored, may influence the type of treatment you receive.
Injuries in children
An injured immature tooth may need one of the following procedures to improve the chances of saving the tooth:
This procedure encourages the root to continue development as the pulp is healed. Soft tissue is covered with medication to encourage growth. The tip of the root (apex) will continue to close as the child gets older. In turn, the walls of the root canal will thicken. If the pulp heals, no additional treatment will be necessary. The more mature the root becomes, the better the chance to save the tooth.
In this case, the unhealthy pulp is removed. The doctors place medication into the root to help a hard tissue form near the root tip. This hardened tissue provides a barrier for the root canal filling. At this point, the root canal walls will not continue to develop, making the tooth susceptible to fractures. So it is important to have the tooth properly restored by your dentist.
Northwest Endodontic Specialists
Patient Review By Addie A
- Addie A
Patient Review By Ashley T
It was a Saturday on Memorial Day weekend and I had crashed on my bike and knocked out my front tooth along with put it through my top lip. My sister had tried calling every dentist in town and finally got in contact with Dr. David Goerig. He called in an assistant and opened up the closed office to have me come in on that holiday weekend. He did a root canal on my tooth along with a splint and he was able to save it. It is still in place and looks better then ever. I am very satisfied with the staff and helpful attitude these people have. I probably would not have been able to have had my tooth saved with out David stepping in and making this happen. Thank you!
- Ashley T | <urn:uuid:b28637f2-4b16-422f-b4ac-5ee3912a7639> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.nwendo.com/procedures/traumatic-injuries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541297626.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20191214230830-20191215014830-00238.warc.gz | en | 0.958401 | 633 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Study Indicates that Cows Fed Grassfed Diet Produce More Nutritious Milk
You may have noticed a growing trend of grassfed organic milk available at your local supermarket. This is a shift partly due to farmers as well as to consumers, and in both cases have to do with the environmental, public health and animal welfare benefits associated with grassfed systems. Researchers have now learned that cows that are fed a diet that is nearly 100 percent organic grass- and legume-based produce milk that have increased levels of omega-3 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Americans tend to consume diets which contain increased levels of omega-6 for every gram of omega-3, an imbalance which has been shown to elevate the risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The study shows that grassfed organic milk and dairy offer an improved balance of fatty acids at a ratio close to 1 to 1 for omega-6 and omega-3, as opposed to conventional whole milk, which is 5.7 to 1.
The study, “Enhancing the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Through Forage-Based Rations, with Nutrition Modeling of Dietary Outcomes,” is published in Food Science and Nutrition, and is a collaborative project conducted by the University of Minnesota, Johns Hopkins University, Newcastle University, Southern Cross University, NSW Australia and the Aarhus University Hospital.
If you drink milk, the results of this study show that grassfed organic milk will give you the greatest bang for your buck when it comes to omega balance. Though the benefits of grassfed dairy supersede those of both simply organic and conventional, the benefits of milk consumption are often overstated. However, as we’ve learned through other studies, well-managed pasture-raised animals can provide multiple environmental benefits, including improved soil health, which can enhance water retention, reduce runoff and even offset some greenhouse gas emissions.
To reach the conclusions about grassfed dairy, the team conducted an analysis of over 1,160 samples of whole grassfed milk, prior to any processing, over the course of three years. While the study does not address the question of how processing and packaging for retail might affect fatty acid levels, it nonetheless highlights the concept that feeding our livestock better leads to better products.
The samples for the study were obtained by farmer members of CROPP Cooperative, best known for their brand Organic Valley, who also contributed funding to the research. CROPP acknowledges on the website Hygeia Analytics that their role in the study might lead some to suspect bias. “There is a presumption today that ‘industry’ funded research is usually tainted by clever to overt bias,” they say. “The journal Food Science and Nutrition has extensive and rigorous policies calling for full disclosure of potential competing interests, as well as disclosure of funding sources. We complied with each.”
There is some promising evidence that grassfed organic milk is more nutritious than its conventional and not grassfed counterparts, this study being the latest indication. In addition to the possible nutritional benefits, however, we can safely say that the benefits to pasture-based systems reach beyond good nutrition; in addition to the environmental benefits of pasture-raised dairy, animals raised on pasture are better adapted to their natural environments and have less negative health outcomes. | <urn:uuid:49a3903e-3747-4f0e-952d-704760a3f8a5> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://foodprint.org/blog/study-indicates-that-cows-fed-grassfed-diet-produce-more-nutritious-milk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247503844.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221091728-20190221113728-00538.warc.gz | en | 0.962347 | 673 | 2.71875 | 3 |
What is mindfulness?
Mindfulness is the practice of focusing on present moments in a non-judgemental way. It is an exercise in self-awareness and self-acceptance. Being mindful means that you notice what’s going on around and within you, and learn to accept it. Rather than fighting to suppress or rationalize your anxiety, it teaches you come to terms with it.
Mindfulness practices can be particularly beneficial for OCD sufferers. They are often paired with Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and/or medication to improve OCD treatment.
How does it help with OCD?
Mindfulness helps address all the fear and anxiety caused by OCD. It trains our minds and bodies to be more flexible and less affected by our thoughts and what we think they mean. It’s a useful technique for decreasing anxiety because of its emphasis on acceptance. It tells us that when an intrusive thought pops up, we should let it exist without providing it any weight. Experience the thought, but don’t judge it, change it or try to make it go away. Wait until it passes instead of thinking it should or shouldn’t be there.
For many sufferers, this might sound impossible. OCD is rooted in self-judgement and self-doubt. How can someone learn to ignore those urges and move past them?
Well, it takes time and practice. Implementing mindfulness can be done through mindful activities as well as by adopting mindful thinking patterns. For example, you may engage in yoga or meditation to help slow down your mind and teach you to live in the moment. That’s an example of a mindful activity. In addition, you might make an effort to recognize problematic thinking patterns when they arise, and correct them. For example, having an upsetting intrusive thought and choosing to ignore it rather than dwell on its meaning. This requires self-reflection and discipline, but if you make it a habit, you’re likely to see a positive shift in how you approach and understand your OCD.
Mindfulness is an effective partner with CBT-based therapies (like ERP and ACT) because they are rooted in much of the same thinking — embracing our anxieties rather than trying to control them.
What are some mindful activities?
Mindfulness exercises come in different forms. And what works for one person might not work for another. The key to implementing mindfulness in the longterm, is finding activities that work with your lifestyle. Don’t force yourself to do yoga or meditation if you don’t like it. Find an alternative.
Some common mindfulness activities and techniques include:
Yoga: The relaxation techniques incorporated into yoga can lessen physical pain and lower blood pressure. It also helps calm your central nervous system which is responsible for the fight-or-flight response that’s activated by anxiety.
Meditation: Mindful meditation is all about calming down your mind and connecting with the present moment. It helps slow your breathing and heart rate. Many anxiety sufferers think they’re incapable of meditating. That’s not the case. Anyone can practice meditation if they dedicate themselves to it.
Breathing exercises: When we’re stressed, we breathe rapidly and shallowly, rather than deeply. Breathing exercises help reverse these symptoms and calm your mind. Take time throughout your day to stop what you’re doing, go into a quiet room, and focus on your breath. It can as simple as a 5 minute break.
Grounding techniques: These exercises help us focus on the here and now when we feel anxiety coming on. They’re often short and can be done in most settings. Common examples include focusing on objects around you and studying their nature, reminding yourself who you are by repeating your name/age/height/interests/etc. back to yourself, wearing an elastic on your wrist and flicking it when you’re spiking, and stretching.
Art therapy: The process of creation can help sufferers become more intune with their mind. Art therapy is a common supplement to CBT that helps calm the mind and facilitate self-reflection. Patients use the creative process as a means of unpacking certain anxieties and triggers, and evaluating aspects of their OCD that might not arise verbally or through exposures.
Coping Language: The way we speak to ourselves is indicative of how we approach our disorders and allow them to impact our lives. Making conscious efforts to change the way we react to our anxiety can help minimize it. Go from thinking “This is awful, I can’t stand it. My life is terrible.” to more temperate language like “This is difficult, This is more challenging but I can get through it.” Coping language can naturally train your brain to avoid those anxiety places.
In addition to the above, exercise, clean eating, getting enough sleep, cutting out drugs and alcohol, surrounding yourself with supportive people, and finding a balance between work and home life are all important facilitators of a healthy mindset. Many physical exercises can be considered mindfulness boosters, including running, pilates, surfing and dance, amongst others.
From the Community
Are there other activities I can explore?
Of course! They above recommendations are common activities. Below, you can explore more specific techniques.
- Being Mindful & Letting Go
- 6 Mindfulness Exercises You Can Try Today
- 22 Mindfulness Exercises, Techniques & Activities For Adults
- Practice Your Breathing Skills
- Grounding Exercises
- Mindfulness Art Therapy Can Reduce Depression and Anxiety
Are there tools or tips for staying on track with mindful exercises?
The best tip for sustainable mindfulness is being realistic with yourself. What activities can you stick to? What does your schedule allow? What activities do you like to do, or will be empowered to do with others? Find what works for you and your lifestyle, and then dedicate time and energy into making it a habit.
Certain apps can also help with incorporating mindfulness. A few are:
Is mindfulness enough on its own?
Generally speaking, no. If you’re suffering with a severe anxiety disorder, you’ll likely need a treatment plan that extends beyond mindfulness. But that’s not to say it doesn’t play a huge role in recovery for many anxiety sufferers.
The gold standard for OCD treatment is a combination of ERP therapy and mindful living. Some sufferers might also use medication. Anxiety management is all about balance. Every sufferer needs to find the combination of techniques and therapies that help them cope. For most people, mindfulness is a part of this balance, whether they rely on yoga, meditation, digital apps, art therapy and beyond. | <urn:uuid:5cd292ed-40bd-40be-8e26-d8823ad0fa68> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.intrusivethoughts.org/mindfulness-2-0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660829.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015231925-20191016015425-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.942367 | 1,397 | 3.3125 | 3 |
USC professor will lecture on graph signal processing
Antonio Ortega, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California, will lecture on graph signal processing at the University of Delaware’s Mitchell Hall Auditorium on April 4 at 3:30 p.m.
This is the third event in the Distinguished Lecture series hosted by UD’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
From smartphones to digital assistants and beyond, we live in an increasingly connected world. The technology we rely on for sensing, computing and communicating relies on very large-scale networks, including the Internet, social networks, and transportation and electrical networks.
Researchers are increasingly using data to optimize these networks. The emerging field of graph signal processing seeks to develop new methods to analyze graph signals, which are data associated to nodes in a network, using tools similar to those applied for processing of conventional signals, such as audio, speech or images.
Ortega, an international leader in graph signal processing, will review notions of frequency that can be applied to graph signals and describe how these are used to develop filtering and sampling strategies. He will discuss recent advances in the development of GSP tools and illustrate them with applications in sensing, imaging and machine learning.
For example, in many sensor network applications, sensing devices placed in the environment are battery powered, and replacing batteries is a costly process, said Ortega.
“For this reason, sensor networks should optimize their sensing and communication algorithms in order to provide accurate information about the environment while minimizing their power consumption,” he said.
In his lecture, he will explain how.
Students with an interest in the tech sector can benefit from learning about signal processing, as it is an important part of many systems we use on a daily basis.
“As an example, a cellphone includes signal processing algorithms to improve speech quality, compress and transmit images or video, and to improve the quality of the communications channel,” said Ortega. “Recently, our ability to capture and store data has increased exponentially, often faster than our ability to extract useful information from it. Many of these datasets (from sensor, communication or social networks) can be viewed as being associated to a network or graph. Graph signal processing provides the tools to extend to networks algorithms and concepts that have been successfully applied to speech, images or video.”
About Antonio Ortega
Antonio Ortega received the telecommunications engineering degree from the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid in 1989 and a doctorate in electrical engineering from Columbia University in 1994. In 1994, he joined the EE department at the University of Southern California, where he is currently a professor and has served as associate chair. Antonio is a Fellow of the IEEE (2007), and a member of ACM and APSIPA. He is currently a member of the board of governors of the IEEE Signal Processing Society. He is the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of the APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing, launched by APSIPA and Cambridge University Press in 2012. Antonio has received several paper awards, including the 2016 Signal Processing Magazine award and was a plenary speaker at ICIP 2013. He has supervised 40 doctoral students, and his work has led to over 300 publications in international conferences and journals, as well as several patents. | <urn:uuid:b869aa20-f79d-46d0-a7f3-0c80d7e480f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://engr.udel.edu/news/2018/03/april-4-making-sense-of-data-on-networks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943695.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230321095704-20230321125704-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.957439 | 685 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Superb grammar skills can lead to a job in the real world, but did you know that mastering grammar is also path to working for a Hollywood studio? This career route is the premise of Grammar for the Real World, an educational program aimed at students (fourth grade and up) and teachers. Despite its sober name, Grammar for the Real World teaches practical grammar skills through engaging, on-screen exercises based on language-related Hollywood jobs.
Climbing the Hollywood Ladder
The program starts in the parking lot of a Hollywood studio. With a blank resume in hand, you select a profession from a job board: commercial writer, proofreader, technical director, news assistant, or editor. Each job corresponds to a specific aspect of grammar, such as punctuation, sentence structure, and noun/verb agreement. As the program progresses and your grammar skills improve, you add experience to your resume and receive flattery and job offers from your agent. One such job may be starring in a doughnut commercial. About once every five jobs, you appear as a contestant on a game show. The game show drills you on punctuation, but isn't as interactive as it could be, because your opponent doesn't answer questions and you're not forced to think fast.
Proofreading Fine Print
True to its name, the program engages users in nontraditional grammar exercises: instead of forcing memorization through drill after drill, each exercise presents a simple, real-world job assignment. When you start a new job, your friendly, and sometimes eccentric, boss gives you instructions. As a commercial writer, you may sort through index cards of paragraphs about cat food and arrange them in a logical order to prepare a television ad or other type of advertising. As a technical director, you may correct verb tenses in a newscast and watch as your corrections are read aloud by a sparkling-toothed newscaster. Because the exercises are project-oriented rather than problem-oriented, Grammar for the Real World is captivating and relevant. Plus, all the content is intentionally wacky: the news headlines, for example, are absurd and laugh-out-loud funny.
For when you make mistakes, the Help button is always present on screen. Although the program is designed to supplement classroom work and includes activity suggestions for teachers, its design is appropriate for independent learning as well.
The Rewards of Good Grammar
The TV show feature is endlessly entertaining and undoubtedly worthwhile as a means to master grammar and language. Grammar for the Real World provides teachers with an entertaining way to teach a usually dry subject and equips students with tools to master practical grammar skills while presenting an outlet for using the imagination.
Macworld's Buying Advice
Grammar for the Real World is easily one of the most inspired educational programs available. It casts a positive light on a typically dreadful subject by illustrating real-world uses for grammar and giving kids resources and a compelling reason to use their newfound skills creatively. The cost of the program for a single user is high but may be worth the investment if learning grammar is a personal priority. For groups, the cost is affordable.Grammar Fan: In addition to teaching grammar, the program offers great entertainment value. | <urn:uuid:8e5debf9-4249-49e6-a1f2-d2dbf58f9bc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.macworld.com/article/1002524/grammarforreal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426639.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726222036-20170727002036-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.944334 | 658 | 2.625 | 3 |
Dater Foundation Success Stories
Up Close with Nature at the Zoo
Reading about animals and seeing pictures in books is educational, but learning really comes alive when youngsters take a trip to the Cincinnati Zoo.
Teachers bring more than 150,000 boys and girls on school field trips to the Zoo each year, and some of their favorite places to visit are exhibits funded by the Dater Foundation.
The Manatee Springs exhibit features the Dater Discovery Center, where interactive computer programs and touch-screen technology adds a new dimension to learning. Young people participating in the Zoo's overnight program get to "Sleep with the Manatees."
Blakeley's Barn in the Children's Zoo is a "contact yard" where youngsters meet farm animals close up.
The Wings of Wonder program featuring more than 30 different species of birds is one of the Zoo's most popular attractions.
"We're making the Zoo more active, more hands on for young people," says the Zoo's Thane Maynard, "and the Foundation's grants have played a major role in making that happen."
The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is a cultural attraction and educational resource for the community, exhibiting over 700 different animal species and over 3,000 types of plants. 1.3 million people visit the Zoo's 65 acres each year.
The Dater Foundation has supported the Cincinnati Zoo's educational programs with some of its largest individual grants, including a $420,000 grant for the Manatee Springs exhibit in the Dater Discovery Center. | <urn:uuid:7d1c078c-b9e5-4f5b-9921-15cb35fec242> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://daterfoundation.org/news/success/11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00181.warc.gz | en | 0.933902 | 308 | 2.5625 | 3 |
This visualization won Honorable Mention in the National Science Foundation's Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge in September 2007. It was also shown during the SIGGRAPH 2008 Computer Animation Festival in Los Angeles, CA. 'Towers in the Tempest' is a 4.5 minute narrated animation that explains recent scientific insights into how hurricanes intensify. This intensification can be caused by a phenomenon called a 'hot tower'. For the first time, research meteorologists have run complex simulations using a very fine temporal resolution of 3 minutes. Combining this simulation data with satellite observations enables detailed study of 'hot towers'. The science of 'hot towers' is described using: observed hurricane data from a satellite, descriptive illustrations, and volumetric visualizations of simulation data. The first section of the animation shows actual data from Hurricane Bonnie observed by NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft. Three dimensional precipitation radar data reveal a strong 'hot tower' in Hurricane Bonnie's internal structure. The second section uses illustrations to show the dynamics of a hurricane and the formation of 'hot towers'. 'Hot towers' are formed as air spirals inward towards the eye and is forced rapidly upwards, accelerating the movement of energy into high altitude clouds. The third section shows these processes using volumetric cloud, wind, and vorticity data from a supercomputer simulation of Hurricane Bonnie. Vertical wind speed data highlights a 'hot tower'. Arrows representing the wind field move rapidly up into the 'hot tower, boosting the energy and intensifying the hurricane. Combining satellite observations with super-computer simulations provides a powerful tool for studying Earth's complex systems. The complete script is available here . The storyboard is available here . There is also a movie of storyboard drawings with narration below.
This animation combines the first two sections of the narrated piece above. It begins with NASA's fleet of satellites, shows observed data from the TRMM satellite, and then displays NCAR meoscale model data of Hurricane Bonnie.
Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC): Lead Animator Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC): Animator Alex Kekesi (GST): Animator James W. Williams (GST): Animator Horace Mitchell (NASA/GSFC): Animator Marte Newcombe (GST): Animator Tom Bridgman (GST): Animator Cindy Starr (GST): Animator Helen-Nicole Kostis (UMBC): Animator Stuart A. Snodgrass (GST): Video Editor Horace Mitchell (NASA/GSFC): Narrator Scott Braun (NASA/GSFC): Scientist Randall Jones (GST): Project Support Joycelyn Thomson Jones (NASA/GSFC): Project Support Kevin Mahoney (CSC): Project Support John Jacobi (GST): Project Support Michael Starobin (HTSI): Writer Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC): Writer Horace Mitchell (NASA/GSFC): Writer Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC): Writer Scott Braun (NASA/GSFC): Writer
Please give credit for this item to: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
Short URL to share this page: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3413
GCMD keywords can be found on the Internet with the following citation:
Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Morahan, A. Aleman, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, M. Meaux, S. Grebas, C.Solomon, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, R. Bilodeau, 2013. NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 184.108.40.206.0 | <urn:uuid:7e0d1a19-a0e6-41aa-b02d-416cec6339e6> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003413/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398468233.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205428-00217-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.827823 | 797 | 2.859375 | 3 |
A report released Friday by the World Wildlife Fund in Canada finds that capacity for oil spill response in the Beaufort Sea is woefully inadequate, even as Canadian regulators consider relaxing safety standards for offshore exploration.
WWF ran 22 separate models looking at how different spill scenarios would impact wildlife and habitat in the Beaufort Sea, drawing on industry development proposals and environmental data. Though conducted in Canada, the research affects Alaska, as well.
“The report is very applicable,” said Margaret Williams, managing director of WWF’s Arctic program in the U.S. “It shows that oil spills don’t stop at a boundary.”
The report demonstrates subsistence users in Alaska’s coastal areas would be negatively affected if contaminants leaked into the Beaufort’s important marine mammal habitat, Williams explained.
“Almost all of the scenarios show oil moving in a westerly direction from the Canadian Beaufort Sea into the Alaskan Beaufort sea. We share so many species, we share a common concern with the food they provide for the people living on the Beaufort Sea shore.”
The report comes as Canada’s National Energy Board is set to conclude a public commenting period on August first over a proposal to ease its standards for oil spill contingencies in offshore operations.
Imperial Oil Resources and Chevron of Canada are applying to drill exploratory wells in the Beaufort. Canadian regulations require companies to have a backup plan for drilling an emergency relief well within one season to mitigate underwater blowouts. Chevron and Imperial are asking they be allowed to move forward in their Beaufort drilling with a contingency plan that can achieve the same outcomes, but using a different method than a relief well.
Very little in the new WWF report is groundbreaking. The conclusions are general cautions, well-known to anyone familiar with the Arctic: ice and light conditions will complicate cleanup efforts, important marine habitat will be hurt by a spill, and the oil is likely to travel West and North with ocean currents.
But the credibility of those conclusions is bolstered by the comprehensiveness of the modeling methods researchers used. And that, Williams said, should inform how development projects are weighed.
“It’s really important that the process—the decision-making process—is transparent, and is based on the best available science.”
A spokesperson with the Alaska Oil and Gas Association was unavailable for comment in time for broadcast on what the report means for industry in Alaska. | <urn:uuid:9254a7c4-55c6-43a2-a0eb-97139bb3ae2c> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.knom.org/wp/blog/2014/07/28/new-report-tracks-likely-outcomes-of-an-oil-accident-in-beaufort-sea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802777438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075257-00120-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936071 | 507 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The last time you sat down to dinner at a chain restaurant did you think to ask if the water was clean? Or when you recently flew to see relatives did you ask a flight attendant if the planes’ autopilot had redundancies built into it? Of course not. You don’t think twice about your fast food because you’ve eaten at Burger King a hundred times before. You don’t bother the flight attendant because you’ve heard that the odds of being involved in a plane crash are 1 in 10 million, making it statically safer than driving to work.
It’s all about trust.
No one is able to check that all their food is free from contamination or that their car has properly working airbags: this is why we have domestic and international safety regulations. Safety regulations rely upon systems of hardware and software designed to save lives by being ‘fail safe.’ Daily, we place our lives in the hands of these unknown systems and rarely give it a second thought. We are so confident in our ‘fail safe’ systems that when a person becomes a wreck before a plane takes off, they’re viewed as child-like for their fear of flying. Or when a person asks what cleaners are used in fast food kitchens, they are seen as a germaphobe. Through our years of societal trial and error, we’ve developed a trust for these systems when most people couldn’t tell you what they’re called.
The technical term is “Critical Systems” and they are defined as computer, electronic, or electromechanical systems whose failure is deemed “unacceptable.” There are three categories of critical systems: safety, business, and mission. A mission critical system’s failure appropriately results in the failure of a mission and is usually in reference to military operations or space exploration. Business critical system failures may result in great financial loss: these are failures consumers may occasionally be affected by, like when Target’s massive data breach resulted in nearly 40 million stolen credit card numbers. The final category is safety critical systems which directly affect the general population daily. These are systems where failure may result in injury or death to human beings, significant property damage, or damage to the environment. With such high stakes, these systems are designed to lose less than one life per billion hours of operation.
Safety critical systems are used in many ways and for many different purposes with the end goal to save lives. Some bigger examples of how these systems keep us safe are nuclear power plant control stations, air traffic control terminals, and lock systems at maximum security prisons. Some smaller ways these systems save lives are in elevators, roller coasters, and medical devices such as insulin pumps.
When the fail-proof fails.
When the worst happens and safety critical systems fail, it’s always disastrous. On a small scale this can include auto recalls or roller coaster accidents. On a larger scale accidents become mega news stories and may even make us question our trust in what we thought were ‘fail proof’ systems. For example in 1996, Valujet Flight 592 accident claimed the lives of a DC-9’s passengers and crew when it crashed after takeoff in Miami due to a malfunction in the safety system software. In more recent news, the failure of an unknown component of the critical safety system launched the investigation into missing Malaysian flight 370.
Where safety and innovation meet.
The development of safety critical systems is expensive. An extensive safety audit is required before for any work can be done. Because of the regime of engineers and litany of tests required to ensure safety, often the methods used are not cost effective. This monetary pitfall is a normal part of the process. A potential third quarter loss is nowhere near as upsetting as a potential system failure. With such a high cost of development there are only a small number of companies who have the capital to invest in facilities using engineering in such a progressive way. Google, is one such company that has been utilizing safety critical systems to make great advancements to our technological world. One of the most impressive projects to come out of their research facility Google X in Mountain View, California are the Google self-driving cars, which are now currently being tested around the country. Through the development of advanced driver-assisted systems Google’s self-driving cars will assure safe travel to those who are unable to drive due to disability or another condition. This might seem like something straight out of a sci-fi movie--because it is. One element of Google X’s mission is to help as many people as possible by using technology available today in and the most progressive ways. Every project must contain at least one element of, what we know as ‘science fiction’ because the engineers at Google want to prove that in our technological world, imagination is not hindered by technology but instead is supported by it. Safety critical and other ‘fail proof’ systems play a vital role in Google and other companies’ strategies for innovation, while providing a great example of how science fiction has translated into life-saving technology.
Next time you find yourself sitting down to an extra value meal or preparing for takeoff, take 30 seconds to think about that dedicated team of engineers and the massive amount of software it took to ensure that your Coke tastes as it should and those emergency lights don’t come on. Then relax and enjoy. Critical safety systems allow us to live in an age of unprecedented trust in safety technology and we’re on the precipice of an even safer tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:d1c08e8e-24c2-44b3-a24a-6f07eb229a68> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.graphicproducts.com/articles/safety-critical-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247503249.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221071502-20190221093502-00057.warc.gz | en | 0.956375 | 1,141 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Much more than a cemetery, Hollywood is a living story in stone, iron, and landscape. It recalls Virginians of bygone years whose lives shaped and influenced our own. With stunning views, Hollywood overlooks the James River, near the site where Captain Christopher Newport planted a wooden cross a few weeks after the founding of Jamestown. Hollywood Cemetery was designed in 1847 by the noted architect, John Notman of Philadelphia, and has been operating as a cemetery in Richmond since 1849. Hollywood serves as the final resting place of two American presidents, six Virginia governors, two Supreme Court justices, twenty-two Confederate generals, and thousands of Confederate soldiers. Its status on the National Register of Historic Places recognizes its importance to the nation. Hollywood is also the beautiful resting place for a host of men, women, and children from all walks of life. Together, their lives represent the story of a community. Hollywood’s paths wind through 135 acres of valleys, over hills, and beneath stately trees of natural beauty and tranquility. The architectural beauty of monuments, statues, buildings, fences, and tombs enhances the setting.That scene appears to be unplanned. Yet skillful design, faithful stewardship, and nature’s blessings have combined to make Hollywood perhaps America’s most historic and beautiful rural cemetery. These attributes have uplifted the spirits of thousands of visitors since 1849. | <urn:uuid:1b63bd73-86c1-437a-8432-8a763172bf07> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.fold3.com/page/640689081_hollywood_cemetery_richmond_virginia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131295993.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172135-00215-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957814 | 283 | 2.625 | 3 |
Migration Info This western counterpart to the eastern Baltimore Oriole moves rapidly up the west coast, often reaching the California-Oregon border by mid-April. In the easterly portions of its range, arrivals are up to two weeks later than at the same latitude along the coast. During the winter, this species is most numerous along the Pacific slope of Mexico, where it feeds heavily on nectar. The migratory characteristics of the Bullock's Oriole are poorly understood; the birds are believed to move primarily at night in small flocks. Mature males arrive first, followed by females and first-year males. | <urn:uuid:960fe1e8-47ec-4d2b-9e0c-0e5c7e94c0f5> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://enature.com/fieldguides/detail_migration.asp?bregionID=2&date=06d29&view=2&curPageNum=4&recnum=BD0331 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223211700.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032011-00358-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942243 | 125 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Free radicals are made up of molecules that have unpaired electrons. These electrons are highly unstable and reactive, merging with other molecules which changes their structure. These molecules become free radicals, which begin wrecking havoc on healthy cells in the body, leading to premature aging as well as numerous chronic diseases. Despite the fact that free radicals can wreck havoc on the cells of the body, they are not all bad They do help the immune system by attacking and riding the body of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and more, but unfortunately they also destroy healthy cells during this oxidative process. Free radicals can enter the body through stress, pollution, excess sun exposure, toxins, and cigarette smoke.
Fortunately there is a way to ward off the vicious attack to your cells that free radicals cause: antioxidants, your body’˜s protectors. Antioxidants are the perfect way to stop and even reverse damage to cells caused by free radicals. You will find antioxidants in Vitamins C, E, A, Selenium, Carotene and many more. Antioxidants protect the body from free radicals by neutralizing their negative effects. This allow new, healthy cells to form, although the older a person becomes, the less of an effect antioxidants have on the body.
There are many food sources that contain antioxidants: All sorts of berries, including blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries as well as cranberries. Other fruits that are high in antioxidants are apples, cherries, pears, pineapples, plums, grapefruits and oranges. Of course other fruits have antioxidant properties as well, so there is a wide variety to choose from. Additional foods containing antioxidants are eggs, red meat, fish, beans, nuts, leafy vegetables, carrots, beets, tomatoes, red wine, and much more.
While most people derive antioxidants from the foods that they eat, some people are unable to consume amounts adequate enough to slow aging and decrease the likelihood that chronic illnesses will arise as a result of harmful free radicals. In this and similar cases, supplements, super foods, smoothies, green drinks and vitamins can be taken in order to compensate, although doctors believe that antioxidants from food sources are more potent and work more quickly.
Although free radicals have the potential to cause a great deal of damage in the body, causing a person to age quicker than they normally would have and develop various chronic diseases, including cancer, if a person adds enough antioxidants to their diet, they will have an arsenal of defense against the dangerous cell invaders called free radicals.
Mayo Clinic Free Radical Information Page – http://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-edge-newspaper-2009/jun-05b.html
National Cancer Institute Antioxidant Page – http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/antioxidants | <urn:uuid:8de76703-31ea-4a8a-8fce-9fe2531dfd2e> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://itchyfish.com/antioxidants-free-radicals-what-are-they-what-do-they-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655889877.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705215728-20200706005728-00422.warc.gz | en | 0.944697 | 584 | 3.125 | 3 |
This post is meant to give you guys a better indication of what is and what is not possible with 3D printing Stainless Steel. These guidelines are based on all your uploads and are a work in progress. They are meant to be indicative. We have images to illustrate these examples and I will add them once we have permission from the model owners.
I know that mass and weight are weird things to consider when 3D
modeling(unless you’re a CAD person of course). But, look at your model
and think, if I made this out of clay would it work? This is really the best tip I can give you.
small parts up to 50 by 50mm
95% of these parts print successfully. They can have very thin walls of below 3 mm. But, the most important reason for failing is that the parts are not strong enough or do not self-support. The model will either fall apart or crush itself. Lets imagine we are trying to print a wine glass standing upright. A 3 mm thick stem might work if it were printed alone. But in a wine glass the stem has to support the bowl. During production the model is very fragile. If the bowl is heavy it will simply topple over.
Lets imagine now that we are trying to print this same wineglass horizontally. The stem would break in the middle. Lets now imagine that we are trying to print a wine glass that has no stem but simply consists of the bowl. This would work because a wine glass bowl is a self supporting structure without a weak point that could cause the model to break. What if we get ambitious and would like to add lots of decoration to our wineglass bowl? This is possible. But, if the decoration would consist of a lot of mass the weight would break the bowl during the printing process.
With Stainless Steel it is not a case of absolute wall thickness as with the other materials. The EOS printer that makes White, Strong & Flexible simply can not print thinner walls than 0.7mm (really, please only use 1mm or higher). With Stainless Steel there are a lot of variables. This is why it is so hard for us to give you guidance on what can and can not be done.
Very thin or delicate structures can not be printed either.
If it looks wispy and lovely and feather-like it will probably have an issue. People have to remove support material, put it in an oven etc.
Integrated ‘whole’ parts have the highest chance of success. Lets imagine you wanted to print a plate of spaghetti. If it was one mass of spaghetti on a plate it might be possible. If there were strands of spaghetti that magically would stand upright and horizontally in all directions it would not work, it would break. If it would be and incredibly thin structure consisting of many individual strands in a bowl, it would not work. It could simply not be cleaned.
Furthermore since there is an oven step involved whereby the models are all heated to a high temperature parts might fuse if they are loose or close together. So, a bowl of many individual strands of spaghetti would fuse.
Medium to large parts less than 200 by 200 by 100mm
These parts need wall thicknesses of 3mm. Why? The part is larger so the internal structures supporting the part need to be stronger.
These are what I can give you right now. I hope to get more information to you as we learn. | <urn:uuid:3a5b1614-74ab-4152-b030-03e3db8dd072> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | https://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/313-initial-design-rules-stainless-steel-3d-printing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541321.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00334-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971974 | 707 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The first amendment to the United States Constitution is so profoundly important that it permeates nearly every sector of our society. Clearly, America’s forefathers deemed the contents of this primary amendment so essential that it was perfectly positioned to precede the other amendments. For this reason, among many others, any American worthy of the name should have reservations, if not concerns, regarding Elena Kagan’s anti-first amendment worldview. Allow us to first explore the amendment in its entirety:
Here, our forefathers very clearly tackle a number of issues – religion, government restraint, the freedom to speak openly, the allowance of a free press, peaceful assembly and the right to formal complaints against perceived government abuses. And this is only the short list. The amount of socio-political power possessed in the amendment’s 45 perfectly assembled words is mind-boggling. How so many on the left can continue to mis-characterize, utilize proof texts and unabashedly slaughter the amendment’s original intent is beyond me. While this continued misunderstanding is horrifying, of greater concern is the notion that Americans will potentially have another unfit Justice overseeing first amendment rights. Jacob Sullum has more on the potential danger to individual rights Kagan’s nomination may pose:
Together with some of [Kagan’s] academic writings, her arguments in [specific] cases provide grounds to worry that she will be even less inclined than Stevens, who has a mixed First Amendment record, to support freedom of speech.
Sullum covered Kagan’s penchant for censorship in detail, so I won’t recount his argument here. What I will do is tell you why the left, and Kagan, have the first amendment radically wrong (liberals: listen up):
Our forefathers (most of them, anyway) believed in the Almighty, and referenced Him in the Declaration of Independence. The “establishment clause” in the Bill of Rights is intended to prevent the American government from establishing a church, as was the case not only in England, but in such states as Massachusetts and Connecticut, which both had established churches (Congregational) and retained them in some form for decades afterward – Connecticut until 1818 and Massachusetts until 1833.
That said, nowhere does it say that religion cannot be present in public venues. The left’s continued assault on free speech and religious practice is alarming, especially considering that the vast majority of Americans do, indeed, believe in a higher power. Congress may not create a law establishing a particular sect or religion, yet the left takes that to mean that a cross cannot be placed on public property and the Ten Commandments must be removed from every public venue. It’s clear that there’s a major disconnect between original intent and current interpretation. In fact, many times, liberals, themselves, violate the spirit of the first amendment by demanding that various cohorts not freely practice.
In terms of the press, I believe it is essential that we allow journalists and networks the right to decide how they want to distribute information. Nowhere in the first amendment would support for the Fairness Doctrine be found, as this regulatory shenanigan does little to provide actual “fairness” in reporting. In fact, this is a backdoor method Democrats incessantly salivate over, as they dream about using it to squash conservative successes in broadcast markets. Once again, it flies in the face of the individual rights guaranteed by the first amendment.
While the aforementioned examples are not necessarily tied to Kagan, a general pattern based on her past statements, papers and articles showcases an individual who appears bent on stopping many of the rights guaranteed by our Founders. Unfortunately for Kagan and her ideological bedfellows, the offensive quality of a statement, image or media outlet has nothing to do with its constitutionality. The people are protected, whether she likes it or not. | <urn:uuid:c6d1df89-04f6-4f39-a814-1181d6a423ba> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.pathufind.com/blog/2010/05/elena-kagan-%E2%80%94-worryingly-wobbly-on-the-first-amendment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215523.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180820023141-20180820043141-00173.warc.gz | en | 0.953478 | 798 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Zechariah’s song (known as the Benedictus) doesn’t get nearly the attention as Mary’s (the Magnificat) earlier in the chapter, but it is the first recorded prophetic word since the Book of Malachi some 400 years earlier.
Its outpouring of praise culminates a long life of both piety and disappointment. After years of waiting and hoping, Zechariah, an aging priest, drew the lot for the once-in-a-lifetime assignment of burning incense in the temple.
The angel Gabriel appeared to him and said his prayer was answered. What prayer? The one he had been praying longer than he had waited for the honor of burning incense. He and his wife Elizabeth wanted a son. Gabriel instructed that he name the son John.
Unfortunately, the pious and righteous Zechariah chose that moment to show unbelief by asking Gabriel how he could know the promise was true. He never spoke another word until after John was born.
That nine months of silence gave Zechariah plenty of time to think and pray. His speech returned to him at John’s circumcision after he wrote, “His name is John.” Then, filled with the Holy Spirit and all of his meditation on Scripture, he blessed God not so much for his newborn son as for the coming Messiah:
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel,
for he has visited and redeemed his people
and has raised up a horn of salvation for us
in the house of his servant David,
as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old,
that we should be saved from our enemies
and from the hand of all who hate us;
to show the mercy promised to our fathers
and to remember his holy covenant,
the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us
that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies,
might serve him without fear,
in holiness and righteousness before him all our days.
And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High;
for you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways,
to give knowledge of salvation to his people
in the forgiveness of their sins,
because of the tender mercy of our God,
whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high
to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,
to guide our feet into the way of peace. – Luke 1:67-79 (ESV)
The Benedictus contains many quotations from and allusions to passages from the Psalms and the Prophets and announces the culmination of what believers of old had seen in the indefinite future.
Prayers of thanksgiving commonly opened with the same phrase Zechariah started with. Oddly, though, he doesn’t offer his thanks for the birth of his own son. The reference to “the horn of salvation . . . in the house of David” can only be Messianic, for David came from the tribe of Judah. Zechariah, as a priest, came from the tribe of Levi.
Let’s remember that the unmarried Mary was about three months pregnant at the time. Zechariah had no way of knowing whether Joseph would accept her as his wife. Therefore, Mary herself must have been a lineal descendant of David. That’s why the genealogy in Luke 3, which does not follow the path of royal succession, might very well be Mary’s genealogy.
Zechariah then reaches even further back in time to recall the Abrahamic covenant. God had sworn an oath to Abraham, and he is always faithful to fulfill his promises. The consummation of that covenant would enable God’s people to serve him in righteousness and holiness without fear.
In point of fact, Jesus did not drive out the Romans. He never intended to deliver the Jews from Rome or any other human enemy. The deliverance he brought was much more profound. Jesus met and defeated Satan, who, as the result of Adam’s high treason, had become “the god of this world.” Satan can oppress believers in many ways, but he cannot take away their holiness and righteousness.
Zechariah’s direct address to the baby John makes it clear that he was not the Messiah, but the one who went before him to proclaim his coming. John’s role was most clearly foretold in the last two verses of the Old Testament:
Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes. And he will turn the hearts of fathers to their children and the hearts of children to their fathers, lest I come and strike the land with a decree of utter destruction. – Malachi 4:5-6
But Zechariah’s focus immediately returns to Jesus. After all, neither John nor any other human except Jesus has the power to give knowledge of salvation or forgiveness of sins. The closing verses echo other Old Testament passages that can only refer to the Messiah:
But for you who fear my name, the sun of righteousness shall rise with healing in its wings. You shall go out leaping like calves from the stall. – Malachi 4:2
The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone. – Isaiah 9:2
About 30 years later, the joy of Zechariah’s old age indeed introduced the Jewish people to their Messiah. And in Jesus, the sunrise indeed brought light to people who had lived in darkness.
Jesus’ birth and ministry culminated promises contained in numerous covenants God made with certain men in the Old Testament, including Abraham and David. I have published an ebook Understanding Our Covenants with God. Get it on Amazon. | <urn:uuid:20ed6a05-ca40-47d0-a40f-7cf1ae577365> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://grace.allpurposeguru.com/2014/12/benedictus-zecharaiahs-song/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.972509 | 1,228 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Big Data Age you don’t know
I. What is Big Data?
Big Data or Massive Information，It refers to the huge amount of information through mainstream software tools, in a reasonable time to capture, manage, process, and integrate into information to help business decision-making, improve core competitiveness.
With the rapid development of mobile internet, data becomes rich and diverse, and its texture is distinct, showing its mobility, fragmentation and privacy. Data can be converted into market value, which is the core charm of big data services, and there are business opportunities in big data. In this era of huge information and advanced data processing technology, as long asYou have a new idea, you can get all kinds of business reasoning from a lot of data, and you can dig into abundant business opportunities. Today, big data has become the “pin of the sea” for commercial competition.
2. How to Use Big Data
Manufacturing industry is also in an era of data explosion. There are many kinds of data that manufacturing enterprises need to manage, involving a large number of structured data, such as product data, operation data, value chain data, market data, competitor data, etc.
With the development of mass customization and network collaboration, manufacturing enterprises also need to accept the “private customization” of many consumers from the Internet in real time, and coordinate the allocation of data resources through the network to organize production. Big data is the lifeblood of industrial internet, and the huge value that big data may bring is being especially important in traditional industries.It is the recognition of manufacturing industry. Through technological innovation and development, as well as the comprehensive perception, collection, analysis and sharing of data, it presents a new perspective of correctly recognizing the value chain of manufacturing industry, and promotes the emergence of a new generation of intelligent factories. It is to clarify these reasons that the tone of big data has become the main theme of industrial transformation.
Not surprisingly, it’s a big business in the business world. In World Business Intelligence, data can usually be divided into two groups. The first group is transaction data. Transaction data is gathered around events such as online shopping, user itineraries and logistics. The second group is interactive data. Interactive data is the collection of interactions between people around us。 Think about social media profiles, videos and photos. The example above in social media is a perfect example of interactive data.
In Facebook’s infrastructure, Vice President Jay Parick, there’s a famous saying: “If you don’t use big data, then you don’t have big data, you just have a bunch of data.” So, what can be used?
Big data is becoming a big way for companies to surpass their competitors. Case studies show that it can be used to increase market share, operating profit margin and return on capital investment.
It can be used to improve products or services, as well. Companies can analyze how a product is used, who uses it, and what they think they will change.
Perhaps the most frightening thing is that big data can be used to understand you. What do you like, what don’t you like? You’ve been to more places. All of this can be used for target advertising and marketing products. And consumer information is worth a lot of money, if sold, can sell hundreds of thousands of pounds worth a lot of money. Why do you think FIs acebook free? This is really just the tip of the iceberg. There are so many possibilities. | <urn:uuid:f1ac02ff-ee87-43dc-8af7-fb060eed31f2> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://www.codeblogbt.com/archives/547609 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256314.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20190521082340-20190521104340-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.932951 | 733 | 2.671875 | 3 |
By Mark Jacobs, Pharm.D.
Over the past several years, the public has become very familiar with the terms osteoporosis, as it is written about in the daily papers and the term is used in advertisements on TV. Simply stated, Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk for fracture. Women AND MEN, and the public is often unaware that men are also affected, can show effects of this disorder. However, because women generally have smaller skeletal size then men and because their bone loss rate is accelerated by the onset of menopause, they not only exhibit higher rates of osteoporosis but seem to get all the publicity
relating to it.
Bone loss begins during ones 4th decade of life at a rate of 0.5% per year, whereas postmenopausal bone loss is 3-5% per year as circulating estrogen levels decrease. The risk factors for osteoporosis include : current smoker, low body weight (<125 lbs), history of osteoporotic fracture in first degree relatives, and/or a personal history of a fracture as an adult after 40 years of age. Screening for osteoporosis is important but does NOT provide a true diagnosis. On the other hand, Central Bone Densitometry can confirm a definite diagnosis. Many different drugs can accelerate the onset of osteoporosis by increasing bone loss, including glucocorticoids (e.g. Prednisone), anticonvulsants, lithium, and many more. This list also includes inhales steroids, such as Advaiar, Pulmicort and many others.
For example, if a patient will be using 5mg/day of Prednisone (or its equivalent) for MORE than 3 months, therapeutic intervention should be considered. These include calcium and vitamin D intake, lifestyle modifications, weight-bearing exercises and biphosphonate therapy. Biphosphonate therapy includes Fosamax®, Actonel® and Boniva®. Although other therapies can be prescribed, the above are usually considered first line therapies. Calcium intake is imperative, therefore it is important to choose the correct calcium product. However, the best source of calcium is obtained by ones diet, which typically includes about 700-800mg of calcium per day. This is particularly important in individuals whose childhood calcium intake was less than ideal or presently are drinking so called “diet” colas, which tend to wash out calcium. Even when taken as part of the diet, this amount is below the amount needed for osteoporosis prevention or treatment. Moreover, do not take your calcium vitamin with foods that they are rich in calcium because the absorption of the calcium will be decreased. Separate the calcium product from the dietary calcium by several hours. If you are not sure which calcium product is best for you, ask your physician or pharmacist. In order to get the best absorption of calcium, some vitamin D (equivalent to 400-1000iu/day) is needed, along with some Sunlight, and zinc and magnesium, as these latter two minerals enhance calcium absorption.
The above provides a brief description of some life style modifications and products used for osteoporosis. For more information, please ask your doctor or pharmacist or go to the web and search for osteoporosis. | <urn:uuid:9260b7b5-d398-4bd0-ac7b-4be9f26769c9> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.sleepandhealth.com/understanding-osteoporosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267860776.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618183714-20180618203714-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.943058 | 690 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Where to find certain sources for a course work: illustrations, documents
Sources for writing a diploma project are a collection of materials that will serve being a basis for research within the exact, humanitarian and social sciences.
The sources are:
- Material sources;
- Behavioral sources;
- Audible sources;
- Fine sources;
- Verbal sources;
- main-stream sources.
Different sources based on a control
For each topic, with respect to the control, you’ll find different sources. The search is determined by the point and objectives for the research. Exactly what can function as the supply for writing deals with different procedures?
1. History: Illustrations, diagrams, photographs, maps, documents, graphics, material monuments found during excavations by archaeologists, architectural monuments, audio and video tracks, sources collected during an ethnographic expedition
2. Jurisprudence: Texts of laws and edubirdie.com regulations, functions of different periods of history
3. sciences that are exact genuine sources, theories and formulas
4. Marketing: separate research information, data, illustrations, diagrams, photographs
Simple tips to seek out sources?
- By keywords on the net or in the collection.
- With the aid of the archive, if it’s about history.
- Collect independently during the expedition.
- In periodicals.
- In collections of photographs, audio recordings.
Characteristics of sources of information and methods
Sources ought to be characterized by: representativeness, completeness, medical certainty, precision, quality.
Not at all times sources can be simply discovered, even on the web or using the help of a medical adviser. In this example, you can produce sources yourself. It is relevant for therapy, history, ethnography, advertising, plus the exact sciences. Through experiments along with other studies, you may get information that’ll be the cornerstone for focusing on the topic of the thesis.
Exactly What techniques am I able to use?
- Interview. It’s carried out to be able to obtain a independent opinion of individuals of a gender that is certain age or kind of task. With this, it really is essential to develop a questionnaire, to conduct a research associated with the surroundings of the circle that is certain of. On the basis of the extensive research, a conclusion is drawn concerning the problem posed within the work.
- Experiment is an approach of research that needs to be carefully prepared. It really is carried out, proceeding through the theme and tasks regarding the thesis. You can find guide information available with which to compare the experimental information. The utilization of such a way is suitable into the precise sciences, psychology, and biology.
- Field research is characteristic of geology, archeology, ethnography. The author of the diploma searches for during participation in the works information that will assist him to produce the main topic of systematic research.
- Observations are relevant in biology, psychology. Objectives can be the recognition of patterns, traits, features. The researcher must frequently take notice of the action that is same the process, to be able to draw conclusions from where work could be built.
- Modeling is the method of moving concept to truth by creating a synthetic object aided by the necessary properties. Allocate computer, indication, mathematical, topic modeling.
To have representative sources, it is important to choose the perfect, adequate approach to research, that will:
- Conform into the technology within which scientific studies are being carried out;
- Be adequate to your topic, goals, objectives;
- Be according to theoretical data, scientifically reliable.
The creation that is independent of source for learning and writing a thesis task is a plus through the defense of work, since it shows the depth of mastery of theoretical product. | <urn:uuid:05013d4a-d3e2-4a2a-9dd5-39b115462def> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://websection.ru/where-to-find-certain-sources-for-a-course-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583668324.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190119135934-20190119161934-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.916696 | 780 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The last three days of March have a reputation for being stormy. Scottish folklore proposes that these three days were borrowed from April so that March might extend his power. The Spanish story about the borrowing days is that a shepherd promised March a lamb if he would temper the winds to suit the shepherd's flocks. But after his request was granted, the shepherd refused to deliver the payment. In revenge, March borrowed three days from April, in which fiercer winds than ever blew to punish the deceiver.
Three days, and they were ill:
The first was frost, the second was snaw,
The third was cauld as ever't could blaw.
|-- Scottish proverb| | <urn:uuid:39a95dba-5da1-4cd0-9dd7-fabb328a3cde> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.almanac.com/calendar/date/2014-03-29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119647629.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030047-00291-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992456 | 142 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Flu season officially underway
By Steve Nowottny
Flu levels have now risen high enough to trigger the use of antiviral drugs for at-risk groups, the Health Protection Agency has announced.
The proportion of calls to NHS Direct about colds and flu has hit 1.2, the threshold for exceeding baseline levels, while the HPA said they had been 23 reported outbreaks of influenza-like illness in settings such as hospitals, schools and care homes as of 10 December.
The Department of Health has now advised GPs to consider prescribing antiviral drugs where necessary in line with NICE guidance.
Dr Richard Pebody, a flu expert from the Health Protection Agency, said: ‘Sinc early December seasonal flu activity has started to increase to the normal levels seen most winters.'
‘Doctors in England have now been advised that the use of antiviral drugs for the prevention or treatment of flu in patients who are at higher risk of developing complications from the infection is now recommended.'
‘For most people, flu is miserable, lasting a week or so, but not life-threatening. For those in at-risk groups, however, such as the elderly and patients with heart problems, diabetes or lung, liver or renal disease, or those who have weak immune systems, it can be far more dangerous and can lead to more serious illnesses.'
According to the latest RCGP data on consultation rates, the overall incidence of flu-like illness remains just below the baseline activity threshold at 27.6 cases per 100,000. However the baseline is exceeded in central England, with 37.5 cases per 100,000, and among 15-44 year-olds, with 32.1 cases per 100,000.
Dr John Watkins, senior lecturer in primary care and public health at Cardiff University, said: ‘Influenza is now confirmed to be circulating in the UK, and is at higher levels in central England than elsewhere. Influenza can be a serious illness and should not be underestimated.'
‘However it is not too late for people considered ‘at risk' to protect themselves. Those at risk can still be vaccinated and can receive effective treatments on the NHS.' | <urn:uuid:e24b58e3-cea3-448d-b2f3-13a9204058b6> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/flu-season-officially-underway/10995384.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160085.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924011731-20180924032131-00507.warc.gz | en | 0.954898 | 446 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Does Fluoride Really Make a Difference?
the past, cavities were a fact of life. But over the last
several years tooth decay has been reduced dramatically due
to fluoride. Fluoride is beneficial for adults as well as
children. Research has shown that fluoride reduces cavities
by up to 40% in children and 35% in adults.*
Is Fluoride Safe?
Yes. Numerous studies over the past 60 years have shown that
fluoride at recommended levels is not only safe, but provides
significant health benefits.*
How Does Fluoride Help Children?
Children benefit from fluoride both systemically (by
ingesting fluoride) and topically (the fluoride that
gets on their teeth). Systemic and topical fluoride work together
to keep teeth strong. Fluoride works best in children while
teeth are forming. This helps both primary (baby) and permanent
teeth. Starting at birth, and until all permanent teeth have
fully erupted, ingested fluoride helps strengthen teeth as
they are forming. Topical fluoride helps people of all ages.
Fluoride is the only known substance that will actually strengthen
teeth and make them harder.
Does My Child Need Fluoride Supplements?
Most city water is fluoridated and is an adequate source
of systemic (ingested) fluoride. If your family uses well
water or bottled water, you should have your water tested
to see if there is adequate natural fluoride, or if a fluoride
supplement is needed. Check with your local Health Department
or bottled water manufacturer for testing. If adequate fluoride
is not present, your child may need a prescription fluoride
supplement from your dentist.
Topical fluoride is provided by fluoridated toothpastes and
rinses. Additional fluoride treatments are applied as needed
by your dentist during regular check-ups.
Does Fluoride Benefit Adults, Too?
Yes! Topical fluoride helps people of all ages by stopping
the progression of a newly formed cavity and preventing root
cavities. Fluoride is also helpful for patients with sensitive
teeth. A consistent daily use of topical fluoride will often
dramatically decrease tooth sensitivity to hot and cold substances.
At your regular check-up, we will evaluate your particular
situation to determine if additional fluoride treatments are
* Source: American Dental Association | <urn:uuid:226d1efe-e004-485d-857e-1b7c9bfe89fc> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | http://smilesbydunn.com/fluoride.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358842.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129194957-20211129224957-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.929686 | 502 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Oak trees are symbols of strength and endurance in the landscape. The deciduous oak grows in forests or is planted as a shade or ornamental tree in the home garden. The lobed leaves are a unique and classic feature of the tree as are the capped nuts called acorns. Oaks of one variety or another are found in almost all areas of the United Sates. Some oak trees possess salt spray tolerance and can even withstand a little salt soil, but full immersion of the roots and trunk area in salt water can be dangerous.
The majestic oaks of Galveston, Texas, were inundated by salt water from Hurricane Ike in 2009, and the majority could not be saved. The excessive salt left behind in the soil slowly poisoned the trees, and salt spray from inland flooding damaged foliage and woody growth.
Excessive salt limits the ability of the oak tree to take up fresh water and stunts and reduce growth and vigor. Instead, the root system of the oak uptakes salt that does not hydrate and nourish.
Effects on Reproduction
Heavy flooding and the subsequent receding flood waters carry away the seeds of plants before they can germinate. Those that have germinated are in such a tender condition that salt of flood waters will burn the foliage and the baby plant will suffocated. Oak acorns, the fruit and the seed of the oak tree, are no exception. Most acorns will be carried into the sea with flood water recession or will find the soil inhospitable for germination both from water saturation and salinity aspects.
Components of Salt Toxicity
Salt is made up of sodium and chloride. Both elements are toxic to plants. The two elements separate in water and the sodium absorbs water that could go to the plant. The sodium also reduces levels of other important nutrients like magnesium. Tree roots absorb the chloride that goes into the tree's vascular system and interferes with photosynthesis and chlorophyll production. The overall effect is a gradual reduction in the oak tree's health.
Hydric hammocks are habitually flooded areas with swamp-like forest characteristics. There are two types: the prairie hydric hammock and the coastal hydric hammock, and both experience the effects of total immersion in water on trees. Coastal hammocks are borders between the sea and the alluvial forest. They are flooded frequently and the resultant rises in sea level will mean even more saline exposure. Swamp laurel oak do better in highly saline soils and excessively wet ground but live oaks need drier soil and are adversely affected by salt exposure.
The degree of exposure and length of inundation to an oak tree will affect its saline tolerance. Red oak show some degree of acceptance salt soil exposure as do white and pin oaks. Willow and English oaks can tolerate only salt spray. More hardy types of oaks can survive the effects of soil salinity and salt sprays. These include the Bur oak. Even though some oaks can handle limited exposure, any tree that is not strictly a coastal specimen will have cumulative effects from saltwater overexposure and toxicity. | <urn:uuid:0fbadf37-b4d4-4f95-8cd4-bd10551769ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.gardenguides.com/132366-saltwater-inundation-oak-trees.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323721.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628171342-20170628191342-00168.warc.gz | en | 0.938461 | 632 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Icelandic settlement began from Norway in the 870s, and by 930 virtually all the land on the island had been claimed. The laws made at the Althing were agreed by consensus.
The early Icelanders used neither lawbooks nor police. Lawspeakers — lögsögumaður — memorized and recited the laws, and the populace enforced them. Some disputes were settled by agreement, others by arbitration.
Despite shifting political boundaries, the Althing has continued to this day, with one 45-year hiatus in the 19th century. | <urn:uuid:33767ed6-e831-47b9-bdb5-bfa4704d299a> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.scatoday.net/node/6568 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164014919/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133334-00070-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989392 | 117 | 3.734375 | 4 |
There are a wide range of nutrients, minerals, chemicals, and other compounds in water samples that can be measured using simple UV–vis spectroscopic methods. Common compounds measured using UV–vis techniques include free and total chlorine, nitrates and nitrites, turbidity, phosphates, sulfates, and many more. There are more than a dozen common EPA-approved testing methods for water analysis that are based upon UV–vis techniques, as well as many dozens more that are not currently approved.
Next-generation sequencers have been the latest breakthrough in the automated DNA sequencing market. With only a handful of vendors involved in next-generation sequencing, sequence-by-synthesis and sequence-by-ligation have emerged as the leading technologies.There are three general groups of UV–vis instruments commonly used in environmental water analysis applications. The largest segment is photometers, which are often referred to as colorimeters but should not be confused with color analysis instrumentation. Photometers are filter-based instruments that use only one or a handful of selected wavelengths for analysis of a limited number of parameters or compounds. Turbidimeters are the simplest of the three instruments and measure the amount of suspended particles by analyzing the amount of visible light reflected. Conventional UV–vis spectrophotometers are more advanced instruments that measure a portion of the visible and UV spectrum. The global market for benchtop and portable UV–vis instruments for environmental applications is expected to be just over $200 million in 2011. Close to half of the market is accounted for by reagents. The market tends to be more consistent than other industrial markets and is still likely to see minimally positive growth in 2011.
The foregoing data were based on SDi’s market analysis and perspectives report entitled Global Assessment Report, 11th Edition: The Laboratory Life Science and Analytical Instrument Industry, October 2010. For more information, contact Stuart Press, Vice President – Strategic Analysis, Strategic Directions International, Inc., 6242 Westchester Parkway, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90045, (310) 641-4982, fax: (310) 641-8851, www.strategic-directions.com. | <urn:uuid:24614a70-773a-4b2a-824c-9eb956077327> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/environmental-market-uv-vis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982295103.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195815-00273-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937486 | 444 | 2.53125 | 3 |
In dog training (and puppy training too) it is important to be positive, encouraging and consistent. Puppies learn through repetition or what is called patterning. For example, teaching a puppy to heel:
- For 25 to 30 days, train the puppy every day on the concept of heel.
- Somewhere around the 25th to 30th day, the puppy takes the heeling lesson and moves it from the conscious to the unconscious brain. The transfer from conscious to unconscious can take from 2 to 7 days depending the puppy’s ability and willingness to learn. During this time a puppy may be more distracted, not heeling as well as they should.
- After the 2 to 7 days your puppy should be heeling like a pro.
- Each puppy learns differently with some learning more quickly than others. The key ingredient is to be patient, loving, consistent and encouraging. Try to imagine an athlete learning to ski for the first time. At first, they are clumsy but through hard practice, repetition, encouragement and mentoring they become quite a champion. The same is true in puppy training.
- Be positive, encouraging and consistent with training.
- A puppy needs 25 to 30 days to absorb a lesson thoroughly
- As a trainer you will be able to help your puppy learn.
- Your puppy will bond more closely with you.
Remember a well-trained puppy creates a happy owner. | <urn:uuid:020e825c-6c66-4502-afe3-5f2bd6342100> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | http://angeldogstraining.net/2010/11/how-a-dog-learns-puppy-training-101/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153971.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730154005-20210730184005-00607.warc.gz | en | 0.941471 | 287 | 3.4375 | 3 |
London (Jun. 14)
Max Reinhardt, famous German Jewish theatrical producer, in a message from his Continental retreat to the Sunday Chronicle here, predicts a new era in Jewish contributions to art as a result of the present persecutions of the Jews in Germany.
“The Jews will rise again in Germany,” Professor Reinhardt declared. “They have tried to kill us, torture us and have imprisoned us, but that has been our eternal fate. The Jews will rise agin. In ten years time our people will look back on the present period and remember it as the time when Jewish art in Germany began to flourish again. In the Middle Ages, the Jew flourished on misery. When cruelties were worst, the Jew made his finest songs.” | <urn:uuid:b82c47b2-a149-4072-9e20-e025795ec663> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.jta.org/1933/06/15/archive/jewish-art-will-thrive-says-reinhardt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982956861.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200916-00253-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967052 | 159 | 2.6875 | 3 |
In 3 short months, Ontarians will have the opportunity to participate in a public hearing on the future of the Pickering nuclear station. It is a very important hearing, and everyone who can participate should.
Briefly, the upshot of the hearing is whether Pickering will continue to put electrical power into Ontario’s grid after 2019.
If it does not, then Pickering’s electrical output will cease, and be replaced with natural gas.
Here’s how that could shake out. The charts on the left represent actual generation over the ten days up to around noon on February 6 (top left) and what that fuel mix would look like if gas were to replace Pickering (bottom left). The right-hand charts represent how those two fuel mix scenarios look cost-wise.
As you can see, the gas-replaces-Pickering scenario would have cost $53 million more than what it actually cost—which is pretty high already. Over a year, the gas-replaces-Pickering scenario could cost Ontario ratepayers an additional roughly $1.8 billion.
Notice how the proportional contributions of each fuel change from MWh generated to cost, i.e. that the thick dark blue (nuclear) and light-light blue (hydro) bands shrink in the cost chart, and how much the light beige (solar) band grows from generation to cost. This is because the costs of the different types of generation in Ontario’s system are roughly as follows:
- Nuclear: 6.3 cents.
- Hydro: 4.9 cents.
- Gas: ~15 cents.
- Wind: ~11.9 cents.
- Solar: ~49.9 cents.
To be clear, these are estimates of the contracted/regulated costs per kilowatt-hour of energy from each major source, and they are based on figures from the Ontario Auditor General’s 2015 report.
And to continue being clear, they also represent only the generators’ side of the ledger. i.e., they represent an estimate of the average per-kWh monetary amount that individual generating entities received for energy, within each of the major generator types.1
They do not represent what the classes of ratepayers paid for that same energy. That is a different matter.
And CO2? Here’s how the picture could look, beginning as early as 2019:
As you can see, there will be a significant increase in CO2 emissions when gas replaces Pickering. Over the past ten days, had gas provided Pickering’s output the CO2 cost would have been over 373,000 tons—three times as high as it actually was. Over a year, that works out to over 13 million tons.
That’s right: slightly increase the thickness of the light blue (natural gas) band in the Actual scenario (i.e., produce the gas-replaces-Pickering scenario), and we not only triple our CO2 but also add $53 million to our collective power bills every 10 days.
What would happen if we added more gas than that?
From the generation costs given in the bullet list above, we can infer the effective cost of carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance in power generation in Ontario, given that natural gas is effectively our only polluting generation fuel.
(The amount of “biomass” generation is so tiny that it is not worth mentioning and is not considered in this analysis—if you look very closely at the charts, you’ll see an extremely thin brownish layer representing “othren.” That stands for Other Renewable. i.e., biomass. Our system operator only reports it for political reasons.)
The cost of avoiding the emission of one ton of CO2, by fuel, is as follows:
- Nuclear: -$233.
- Hydro: -$265.
- Gas: –
- Wind: -$79.
- Solar: $899.
(For a fuller explanation of the above numbers, see this article.)
Ontario faces a CO2 future that resembles the lower row of the CO2 chart. This future could begin as early as next year—2019, the year that the current Pickering hold point of 247,000 EFPH is reached.
It will definitely begin in 2024, which is when OPG says it will take the plant out of service.
And Ontario has really only one option for further decarbonization of its economy. That option is nuclear power.
Which is to say, we must replace Pickering, and we must begin planning for it now. We really should begin building the new plant now.
There are absolutely no plans to do this. The Ontario government appears comfortable with making us ratepayers pay $899 to avoid dumping a single ton of CO2 using solar power. Even though we could save money avoiding the same ton with nuclear.
If you can, try to attend the CNSC hearings on OPG’s request to push back the Pickering EFPH hold point. A lot depends on how that request is handled.
Here is some information on the hearing schedule.
- My assumption of course is that the gas that replaces Pickering would be priced the same as in the list above, i.e. at roughly 15 cents. I know that gas is allegedly cheap today, and that it could be argued that the per-kWh rate would surely be renegotiated (downward) when the currently mostly idle combined cycle plants in Ontario become baseload providers to pick up Pickering’s departure.
It could be argued that, certainly.
But given the huge rates still being offered to wind and solar developers, how credible is it to base cost projections on the assumption that those negotiating allegedly on Ontario’s behalf would be any less generous to the purveyors of gas-fired power than they are with those of wind and solar? | <urn:uuid:a47619be-bf6c-45b7-aaed-d1508678f6e1> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | http://canadianenergyissues.com/2018/02/06/ontario-sleepwalking-into-more-expensive-electricity-more-air-pollution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491998.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328134227-20200328164227-00333.warc.gz | en | 0.935837 | 1,231 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Perhaps Charminar is the pictogram of Hyderabad. Rising to the astounding height of 180 feet, the monument lies centrally in the old city. This marvelous monument is a true picture of elegance, a great tribute to the fighting spirit of human race. Charminar was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591, to commemorate the obliteration of Plague from the city. The term 'Charminar' is derived from two terms, 'Char' suggesting 'four' and 'Minar' meaning 'minarets'. Char Minar of Andhra Pardesh is actually a mosque with four minarets.
It is renowned for its intricate carvings and beautiful structure. As
per the legends, Quli Qutb Shah pleaded to the Lord to provide relief
from the plague and took the vow to erect a 'mosque' in return. The
construction of the mosque started and it came to be known as
'Charminar'. The four spires (minarets) of the mosque probably depict
the first four khalifs of Islam. It has four storeys and the top-most
storey has the mosque that includes 45 covered prayer spaces and some
open space to accommodate more people for Friday prayers.
Char Minar is a notable square monument, having measurement of 20
meters on its each side. Each of the four corners boasts of an
intricately carved spire, which elevates to the height of 48.7 m above
the ground. Every minaret has four storeys that appear like a gracefully
carved ring around the minaret. Charminar is a striking monument that
acts as a major landmark in Hyderabad. Another famous and beautiful
monument, Mecca Masjid is also visible from here. The blossoming market
around the monument attracts people from far and wide.
It is especially known for its extensive range of items. In contrast to
Taj Mahal, the elevated spires of Charminar are erected into the main
edifice. One can reach the highest point of the monument by taking a
flight of 149 steps and admire a spectacular view of the city.
Constructed with granite and lime mortar, Charminar is a fine specimen
of the Cazia style of architecture. The structure of the monument is the
witness to the dexterity of the architects of that time. In the
evenings, Charminar gets illuminated and looks exceptionally wonderful. | <urn:uuid:514a0d43-44b0-43d5-9ff6-d0bd3d4d28c4> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.bharatonline.com/andhra-pradesh/travel/hyderabad/charminar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164043130/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133403-00020-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946623 | 513 | 2.734375 | 3 |
When comparing softball to baseball, most people would find the two sports to be very similar. However, they have more differences than people may assume.
“I used to play baseball up until fourth grade, but then I was told to switch to softball,” junior Deighton Butenshoen said.
There is no gender rules when it comes to baseball and softball, yet there is a stereotype that comes with the two. Although, there has been an increasing amount of men leagues of soft-pitch softball.
“I prefer to play softball rather than baseball because they’re games are much more fast paced,” Butenshoen said.
Like many differences between the two sports, softball is more face paced because the diamonds of the field are much smaller than baseball fields. Since the fields are smaller, that also affects the rules of the games. Softball has seven innings compared to baseball, which has nine innings.
Other differences between the two sports are the ball, bat and mitt size. Since softballs are larger, their bats are usually lighter and thinner. Baseballs are smaller which require heavier and thicker bats. Also, because of the ball size, softball mitts are bigger than baseball mitts.
How the ball is pitched to the batter is also a very big difference between the two sports. Softball is pitched underhand on an even level to the batter while a baseball pitcher is on a mound, higher than the batter.
It is still a debate on which sport is considered to be more difficult, however, no matter the sport, the athletes must be talented to preform to their full potential. | <urn:uuid:e1ebf65d-9d35-4901-99e3-f4d53777a64f> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.sequoitmedia.com/softball-vs-baseball/?print=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146681.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227094720-20200227124720-00303.warc.gz | en | 0.982608 | 345 | 3.09375 | 3 |
1703 North Beauregard St.
Alexandria, VA 22311-1714
Tel: 1-800-933-ASCD (2723)
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. eastern time, Monday through Friday
Local to the D.C. area: 1-703-578-9600
Toll-free from U.S. and Canada: 1-800-933-ASCD (2723)
All other countries: (International Access Code) + 1-703-578-9600
You know the leadership practices that matter most are the ones that have proven to positively affect student achievement. This book puts you on the journey to acquiring those practices by drawing on in-depth stories of school leaders from across the United States. Balancing when and how to maintain the status quo with when and how to challenge it is often the difference between effective and ineffective leadership. Learn how a balanced approach—melding purposeful change with continuous maintenance—makes school leaders more effective in implementing the three fundamental components of leadership:
(ASCD book copublished with McREL, 2015) 8 1/2" x 11", 112 pages
Browse the table of contents and read free excerpts:
Increasing students’ vocabulary is vital to their reading and learning success, and promoting the use of academic language in speech and writing will also encourage further understanding. In this guide, you will find strategies, games, and classroom essentials you can use to create vocab lesson plans that are both exciting and effective. Discover ways to engage students in vocab learning with word walls, learning stations, and brain-compatible lessons. Explore strategies and rubrics for assessing vocabulary learning, and plan how to team with your colleagues to increase vocabulary across your grade level or school. | <urn:uuid:a6a0b461-74cc-4b17-b9b5-254b9e20fee0> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://shop.ascd.org/ProductDetail.aspx?ProductId=163489699 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864648.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522073245-20180522093245-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.900391 | 374 | 2.625 | 3 |
Milwaukee Oral Surgery & Implants, Ltd.
Remove Impacted Teeth in Milwaukee WI
An impacted tooth simply means that it is stuck and cannot erupt into function. The maxillary cuspids (upper eyeteeth) are the second most common teeth to become impacted. The cuspid tooth is a critical tooth in the dental arch and plays an important role in your bite. The cuspid teeth are very strong biting teeth and have the longest roots of any human teeth.
Normally, the maxillary cuspid teeth are the last of the front teeth to erupt into place. They usually come into place around age 13 and cause any space left between the upper front teeth to close tighter together. If a cuspid tooth gets impacted, every effort is made to get it to erupt into its proper position in the dental arch. The techniques involved to aid eruption can be applied to any impacted tooth in the upper or lower jaw, but most commonly they are applied to the maxillary cuspid (upper eye) teeth. Sixty percent of these impacted eyeteeth are located on the palatal (roof of the mouth) side of the dental arch. The remaining impacted eye teeth are found in the middle of the supporting bone but stuck in an elevated position above the roots of the adjacent teeth or out to the facial side of the dental arch.
Early Recognition Of Impacted Eyeteeth Is The Key To Successful Treatment
The older the patient, the more likely an impacted eyetooth will not erupt by natures forces alone even if the space is available for the tooth to fit in the dental arch. The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that a panorex screening x-ray, along with a dental examination, be performed on all dental patients at around the age of seven years to count the teeth and determine if there are problems with eruption of the adult teeth. It is important to determine whether all the adult teeth are present or if some adult teeth are missing. Are there extra teeth present or unusual growths that are blocking the eruption of the eyetooth? Is there extreme crowding or too little space available causing an eruption problem with the eyetooth? This exam is usually performed by your general dentist or hygienist who will refer you to an orthodontist if a problem is identified. Treating such a problem may involve an orthodontist placing braces to open spaces to allow for proper eruption of the adult teeth. Treatment may also require referral to an oral surgeon for extraction of over-retained baby teeth and/or selected adult teeth that are blocking the eruption of the all-important eyeteeth. The oral surgeon will also need to remove any extra teeth (supernumerary teeth) or growths that are blocking eruption of any of the adult teeth. If the eruption path is cleared and the space is opened up by age 11-12, there is a good chance the impacted eyetooth will erupt with natures help alone. If the eyetooth is allowed to develop too much (age 13-14), the impacted eyetooth will not erupt by itself even with the space cleared for its eruption. If the patient is too old (over 40), there is a much higher chance the tooth will be fused in position. In these cases the tooth will not budge despite all the efforts of the orthodontist and oral surgeon to erupt it into place. Sadly, the only option at this point is to extract the impacted tooth and consider an alternate treatment to replace it in the dental arch (most often a dental implant).
What Happens If The Eyetooth Will Not Erupt When Proper Space Is Available?
In cases where the eyeteeth will not erupt spontaneously, the orthodontist and oral surgeon work together to get these unerupted eyeteeth to erupt. Each case must be evaluated on an individual basis but treatment will usually involve a combined effort between the orthodontist and the oral surgeon. The most common scenario will call for the orthodontist to place braces on the teeth (at least the upper arch). A space will be opened to provide room for the impacted tooth to be moved into its proper position in the dental arch. If the baby eyetooth has not fallen out already, it is usually left in place until the space for the adult eyetooth is ready. Once the space is ready, the orthodontist will refer the patient to the oral surgeon to have the impacted eyetooth exposed and bracketed.
In a simple surgical procedure performed in the surgeons office, the gum on top of the impacted tooth will be lifted up to expose the hidden tooth underneath. If there is a baby tooth present, it will be removed at the same time. Once the tooth is exposed, the oral surgeon will oftentimes bond an orthodontic bracket to the exposed tooth. The bracket will most often have a miniature gold chain attached to it. The oral surgeon will guide the chain back to the orthodontic arch wire where it will be temporarily attached. Sometimes the surgeon will leave the exposed impacted tooth completely uncovered by suturing the gum up high above the tooth or making a window in the gum covering the tooth (on selected cases located on the roof of the mouth). Most of the time, the gum will be returned to its original location and sutured back with only the chain remaining visible as it exits a small hole in the gum.
Shortly after surgery (approximately 2-3 weeks) the patient will return to the orthodontist. A rubber band will be attached to the chain to put a light eruptive pulling force on the impacted tooth. This will begin the process of moving the tooth into its proper place in the dental arch. This is a carefully controlled, slow process that may take up to a full year to complete.
What To Expect From Surgery To Expose & Bracket An Impacted Tooth
The surgery to expose and bracket an impacted tooth is a very straightforward surgical procedure that is performed in the oral surgeons office. For most patients, it will be performed under IV sedation and local anesthesia.
Although there will be some discomfort after surgery at the surgical sites, most patients find Tylenol or Advil to be more than adequate to manage any pain they may have. Within two to three days after surgery there is usually little need for any medication at all. There may be some swelling from holding the lip up to visualize the surgical site; it can be minimized by applying ice packs to the lip for the afternoon after surgery. Bruising is not a common finding after these cases. A soft, bland diet is recommended at first, but you may resume your normal diet as soon as you feel comfortable chewing. It is advised that you avoid sharp food items like crackers and chips as they will irritate the surgical site if they jab the wound during initial healing. You should plan to see your orthodontist within 2-3 weeks to activate the eruption process by applying the proper rubber band to the chain on your tooth. As always your doctor is available at the office or can be reached after hours if any problems should arise after surgery. Simply call us if you have any questions. | <urn:uuid:c99ea410-8b54-4ab8-9676-4e2555e9903b> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.omsdr.com/procedures/impacted-canines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215843.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180820042723-20180820062723-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.944331 | 1,459 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Geography: Teaching with the Stars is intended to broaden and complement the impact of the existing National Geographic Society’s State Geography Alliance network.
It is designed to provide systematic professional development in geography to middle and high school teachers. It emphasizes pedagogical knowledge and skills as well as content knowledge and applications in geography. Project materials are accessible via a variety of delivery systems, thus making them available to the widest possible audience of those teaching geography.
See a video overview of Geography: Teaching with the Stars and its importance to your state.
See video comments on the increased need for on-line professional development opportunities by James Kracht, Texas A & M University. | <urn:uuid:dd0badbe-d1ec-4b3c-84db-9e16bd58e776> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.geoteach.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049276537.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002116-00008-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939489 | 137 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The History of the Christian Church: From the Birth of Christ to the Eighteenth Century, Including the Very Interesting Account of the Waldenses and Albigenses, Τόμος 1
A history of the Christian church from a Protestant perspective with a detailed account of the Albigensian and Waldensian crusades and persecutions.
Τι λένε οι χρήστες - Σύνταξη κριτικής
Δεν εντοπίσαμε κριτικές στις συνήθεις τοποθεσίες.
Άλλες εκδόσεις - Προβολή όλων
Acts Antioch apostle appear Arians Arius Asia authority bishop of Rome bishops blood brethren Caesarea called century character Christian Christian church clergy Constantine Constantinople council deities Diocletian disciples divine doctrine Donatists edict emperor empire Ephesus epistle Eusebius faith father favour Galerius Gentiles gods gospel Greek Gregory hands hath heathen heaven Herod historian holy honour human images Jerusalem Jesus Christ Jewish Jews Josephus Judea king kingdom laboured latter Lord Mahomet manner mind multitude nation nature Novatian occasion pagan Paul Paulicians persecution persons Peter Pharisees pope preached priests prince principles prison profession prophets province punishment put to death reader reign religion religious Roman Roman empire Rome Sadducees Saul says sect sent shew soul spirit suffered superstition Syria temple Tertullian things tion Titus Trajan truth unto Vespasian virtue word worship writer
Σελίδα 181 - And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and received all that came in unto him, preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no man forbidding him.
Σελίδα 98 - And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.
Σελίδα 222 - If a man were called to fix the period in the history of the world during which the condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus.
Σελίδα 218 - For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the Lord their God, and David their king; and shall fear the Lord and his goodness in the latter days.
Σελίδα 174 - For the king knoweth of these things before whom also I speak freely; for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for this thing was not done in a corner. King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou believest.
Σελίδα 100 - Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed.
Σελίδα 102 - And with great power gave the apostles witness of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus: and great grace was upon them all.
Σελίδα 108 - And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.
Σελίδα 290 - But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. | <urn:uuid:40c0f88e-f172-4a66-870b-a641507cd22f> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://books.google.gr/books?id=a0cCPlVv_OcC&hl=el | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257156.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523063645-20190523085645-00376.warc.gz | en | 0.855022 | 914 | 2.640625 | 3 |
From volcanic eruptions to ozone holes, a NASA instrument that monitors Earth's upper atmosphere marks twenty years in orbit.
The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) instrument was deployed October 5, 1984, from the Space Shuttle Challenger aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS.) Originally scheduled for a two-year mission, SAGE II continues to give scientists a wealth of data on the chemistry and motions of the upper troposphere and stratosphere.
"The importance of the SAGE II data is helping to solve some exceedingly important societal issues like ozone depletion and greenhouse warming," said SAGE II principal investigator Dr. M. Patrick McCormick, Co-Director of the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at Hampton University, Hampton, Va. "SAGE II has been a defining experience for my career and me."
Managed by NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va., SAGE II is part of NASA's Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE.) The series of satellites launched in the mid -1980s were designed to investigate how energy from the Sun is absorbed and re-emitted by the Earth – one of the main processes that drive weather patterns. Observations from the ERB satellite are also used to study the effects on the Earth's radiation balance from human activities -- burning fossil fuels and the use of chemicals -- and natural occurrences such as volcanic eruptions.
"While SAGE II is probably not the household name that say a Hubble is, it has had an impact on the average person, said Joe Zawodny, SAGE II Science Mission Manager at NASA Langley. "The international ozone assessments have brought the international community to action in a rare and unified way via the Montreal Protocol, and subsequent amendments. One result of this action is the virtual elimination of CFCs (chemicals harmful to ozone) and the subsequent adoption of the new technology in consumer devices such as auto and home air conditioning, refrigeration, and industrial uses."
SAGE II has measured the decline in the amount of stratospheric ozone globally and over the Antarctic since the ozone hole was first described in 1985.
"The number one impact SAGE II data have had on the global scientific community is most certainly the 20 years of high quality ozone measurements and the ability to monitor the ozone profile for trends and changes throughout the stratosphere," added Zawodny. "The understanding of the mechanisms behind the Antarctic Ozone Hole was derived partly from SAGE II ozone and polar stratospheric cloud data."
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) act as a medium to create ozone-destroying chemicals. And similar to ozone, SAGE II aerosol data have been important for determining the impact of volcanic aerosols on temperatures in the stratosphere and at the Earth's surface. Three months after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines, scientists found that the stratospheric region at latitudes near Mt. Pinatubo had warmed 2.5-3o Centigrade (4.5- 5.4o Fahrenheit) due to the increased concentrations of aerosols.
SAGE II, built by (then) Ball Aerospace Systems Group, has added 18 years to the original mission life of twenty-four months on ERBS. However, the SAGE II experiment literally had a shaky start. After deployment from the Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41G,) one of the ERBS' solar arrays – the panels that provide power to the satellite – failed to deploy. Challenger mission specialist, Astronaut Sally Ride, had to shake the satellite with the remote manipulator arm and then finally place the stuck panel into sunlight for the panel to extend.
"The public should appreciate the investment they made into a satellite mission that has exceeded all predictions and hopes of a long life," added McCormick. "And for its contributions to making Earth a better place now and for subsequent generations."
SAGE II is part of the Earth science research heritage under the NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Its Sun-Earth Mission is dedicated to understanding the Earth as an integrated system and applying Earth system science to improve the prediction of climate, weather, and natural hazards using the unique vantage point of space.
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
Self-pity is our worst enemy and if we yield to it, we can never do anything wise in this world.
-- Helen Keller | <urn:uuid:31e38796-bd67-401d-99c4-b5925cf6b2f7> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2004-10/nsfc-nec101304.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500830834.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021350-00021-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925339 | 927 | 4 | 4 |
The following post if for the course EDED20491 and is in response to the following activity
Access the Felder and Solomon website and take the online questionnaire
- What is your learning style? What sorts of learning experiences would suit you best with your learning style?
- In a traditional classroom of 25 students, how would you support the range of learning styles each lesson?
- With your current knowledge of ICT, how could your design and digital pedagogy support your learners better?
- What sorts of profiling questions would you be asking about your learners to ensure you cater for everyone’s preferences?
- How does ICT support differences in learning styles?
- Create an entry in your blog (when it is created), and respond to these questions, and any you wish to pose, in the blog.
What is your learning style
The following image – click on it to see it in a larger form – summarises my results for the questionnaire.
What that represents is that I am (supposedly)
- A heavily reflective, rather than active learner.
Reflective blogging, like this an related posts, is an example of a learning experience likely to suit this learning style. As suggested by Felder and Soloman
Don’t simply read or memorize the material; stop periodically to review what you have read and to think of possible questions or applications. You might find it helpful to write short summaries of readings or class notes in your own words.
Along similar lines, I’ve found having to teach something an effective way to learn as the act of teaching has required me to reflect upon what I know, how it is organised, how it can be explained, and what activities best encourage learning in others.
- A heavily intuitive, rather than sensing learner.
The explosion in information available via the Internet helps me here. I’m able to use Google and other means to find other interpretations, perspectives or theories on a topic. Establishing practices such as listening to a range of podcasts, following various edubloggers etc also open me up to alternate perspectives that enable and encourage connections. The capability to search digital information also helps in making connections to prior writings. e.g. searching my blog for posts that I believe connect in someway to a current topic. Both of which link with Felder’s and Soloman’s advice
Ask your instructor for interpretations or theories that link the facts, or try to find the connections yourself
- Slightly more a visual than verbal learner.
On the verbal side the suggestion is “Write summaries or outlines of course material in your own words”. This seems to link nicely to this particular exercise. I’m essentially paraphrasing the material by Felder and Soloman and linking it to my individual context. For the visual side, the screen shot (though it’s a very text-based visual representation) of the survey results is a step in the right direction. Taking it one step further, I think the generation of slide presentations that have a highly visual component is one strategy that helps. For example, this presentation I did a couple of years ago.
- Very slightly more global than sequential.
Another blog post that I’m developing is essentially an attempt to develop a personal oveview of what I’m meant to be doing this week for this course. Again, a practice that links with some advice from Felder and Soloman
Before you begin to study the first section of a chapter in a text, skim through the entire chapter to get an overview
The post started with me skimming over the readings and activities for this week and generating a summary. When I was happy with that overview, that’s when I started working on this more detailed post in response to one of the activities.
How would you support a range of learning styles
I’m big on context. Depending on the context of the classroom of 25 students, the answers to this question would vary hugely, at least in the specifics. If I were to attempt for something abstract, the two-pronged approach would probably be
- Where possible adopt an appropriate array of different activities designed to support different learning styles.
i.e. rather than simply always (or never) use classroom discussions, use them sometimes and supplement them with strategies that better suit more reflective learners. Or adopt modifications of classroom discussions that incorporate some aspect of reflection or at least time and space for reflective learners to engage.
- Capacity building.
Students are not always going to find themselves in situations where their preferences are catered for. It would seem important to develop within them the capacity to deal with situations like this either through developing their skills on the other side and/or identifying strategies that help them deal with those situations.
The last point may well be essential for their school education as the context of schools may well mean that few of their learning experiences will provide exactly what their preferences require.
Design of digital pedagogy
To a large extent, I think my answer to this question is embodied in the previous two responses. First, I don’t believe there is any fundamental difference between non-digital and digital technology. Digital technology provides just another set of tools/technologies to help with learning and teaching. As it happens, I was listening to an interview of John Seely Brown this morning. In that interview Seely Brown (or it might have been the interviewer, Steve Hargadon) said something that summed up the point I’m trying to make here. The quote went something along the lines
With digital technology it’s not about the technology, but about the effects it can produce.
So, I would be using the same approach to design a digital pedagogy as I would a non-digital pedagogy. I would be aiming to fulfill the two-pronged approach from the previous question. To fulfil those two prongs I would draw on the advice and insights briefly discussed on this page and more deeply in other literature.
Which is essentially what I did in the first question where I equated the advice from Felder and Soloman with the practices/effects I was currently using this blog and other digital technologies with. i.e. I was looking for digital technologies that provide the effect suggested by the advice from Felder and Soloman.
Well, I probably wouldn’t be using the Felder and Soloman learning styles questions as in the FAQ Felder explains how these questions have only been validated for college age students. The questions might retain some usefulness for younger students, however, the validity is somewhat questionable. In addition, there is the whole problem of self-reporting. i.e. I’m certain that a percentage of school students might see this as an opportunity to have some fun by answering exactly the opposite to their preference. This raises the question of whether or not there are any similar instruments that have been validated for use in school children. Not to mention validated for use with the cohort of children that I’m likely to teach.
That said, I would probably lean towards drawing on versions of these questions asked in the flow of classroom activity (rather than in a formal survey) combined with classroom observation. If subsequent research revealed validated instruments for school children, I might rely upon them.
I’m guessing that the answer to this question will have to be refined further prior to the completion of assignment 1 for the course.
How does ICT support differences in learning styles?
Again, I’d make the distinction that it is not the technology that supports the differences, but the capabilities for effects that it makes available. (This has me thinking about whether this is to fine/academic a distinction to make, for now I’ll stick with it.) Different types of technology provide effects that were previously not possible. e.g. the Blackboard provided a way for written or drawn information to be shared with a whole classroom. While a wiki allows multimedia information to be shared and modified with any group of people from anywhere with Internet access.
So, ICTs support differences in learning styles by providing effects/capabilities that fulfil some of the advice provided by Felder and Soloman. Especially when such capabilities were previously unavailable, too expensive etc. e.g. a personal blog provides a place for a reflective learner to work on and share their reflections in a way that is concrete and visible to others. Something that isn’t easily possible for a paper-based diary.
From a different perspective, ICTs support differences in learning styles because of their capability to manipulate digital information. For example, it’s possible that a verbal learner may not get much out of this blog post, but there are services that will automatically convert blog posts into audio. Hypermedia makes it easier to support both global and sequential learners in their approach to texts. Hypermedia and services like youtube make it much easier to support visual learners. e.g. 10 years ago (even 5 years ago) the readings for this course would not have been sprinkled with half a dozen videos.
From yet another perspective, ICTs support differences in learning styles to the extent that the learners, teachers, technologies, education systems and policies involved in learning allow ICTs to support differences in learning styles. | <urn:uuid:f40b79f2-6b48-4aa6-95e7-6d9a6ea8b1ba> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | https://davidtjones.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/learning-styles-teaching-and-digital-pedagogy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430448955185.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501025555-00038-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952125 | 1,923 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Laxmi Paduka It is believed that Devas and Asuras performed Samudra manthan (Churning of ocean) with the help of a mountain on the advise of Lord Vishnu to extract rare gifts, called Ratnas.
In all 14 such ratnas were extracted and were equally divided by the Devas and Asuras. These ratnas were, Halahal (poison), a horse named Uchaswah, a white elephant called Airavat, a rare gemstone called Kaustubhmani, parijat vriksh (tree), Panchjanya shankh, Shaag dhanush, a holy cow called Kamdhenu, Chandrama (the Moon), Mahapadma Nidhi, Rambha, Varuni madira, Amrit and Dhanwantari vaidya.
Goddess Laxmi emerged as fifteenth ratna in the bridal attire with lotus mala in her hand for Lord Vishnu or Narayana. Everyone hailed the Laxmi-Narayana and Goddess Laxmi set her foot on haven. Her feet had in all 15 symbols, which brought prosperity in haven. All gods took impressions of Laxmi's feet, called Laxmi Paduka and installed at their places and celebrated by lighting lamps.
This marked the festival of Diwali. The symbols and the importance of each one of them is given below: Left foot:
a) Teer Kaman (Bow & Arrow) � It is weapon of gods and good to achieve one's Lakshya or objective.
b) Matsya (Fish) � Symbolises prosperity & health.
c) Kumbha (Pot) � Symbolises good health and fulfillment of desires.
d) Chandra � Brings light & purity in your lives.
e) Tilak � Symbolises victory, bhagya (luck) and sanman (respect)
f) Trikonakar mangal bindu (Triangle) � Good for achieving objective
g) Chakra rekha � Symbolises Soubhagya and Swasthya
a) Swastika � Symbolises Lord Ganesha and also blessings and knowledge
b) Chakra � Saves from Devils forces
c) Shankh � Brings energy and purity in life
d) Surya � Brings success and prosperity
e) Kumbha - Symbolises good health and fulfillment of desires
f) Dhwaja (Flag) � Gives right direction. Present on all temples
g) Vajra � Its Lord Indra's weapon. It does not allow you to loose focus.
h) Kamalpushpa (Lotus) � Health, prosperity and blessings i) Trishul � Symbolises Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh.
It gives you strength and religious purity It is believed that by installing Laxmi paduka at place of worship at home, office or at place of work, everyone gets health, wealth and prosperity.
Shuddhikaran Vidhi: Perform following vidhi before installing at place of worship at home or workplace: Wash the Laxmi Paduka with Panch Kavya (Mixture of milk, curds, ghee, go-mutra & go-dhan) and then wash with water. Alternately it can be washed with Panchamrut (Mixture of milk, curds, ghee, honey and sugar) and then washed with water.
**Medical Disclaimer** All Above mentioned Descriptions are according to Indian & Chinese Mythology & the seller takes no Responsibility whatsoever for any claim made in the Descriptions. Healing benefits of stones should not be intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other healthcare professional. | <urn:uuid:64d2bcea-2592-4c02-8ede-29cc2690d4a5> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.astrostones.com/productsDetail.asp?SecID=102&CatID=106&PID=111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936468546.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074108-00035-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914866 | 784 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Encouraging a Young Writer
Here are some suggestions for encouraging your budding author:
- Explore ideas and writing styles. Encourage your child to keep a notebook of ideas and things that interest him. This is what will feed his imagination and give him topics to delve into once he's ready to start putting pen to paper (or typing on the keyboard!). Also, have him pay special attention to authors he enjoys and to think about what techniques they use to engage, entertain, and inform. He needs to reflect on what he wants to communicate to others and how he wants to communicate.
- Read about writers and writing. If your child enjoys writing, have her read books about writers and how they got started and learned their craft. A good selection for her is 26 Fairmount Avenue by Tomie dePaola.
- Start small. Encourage your child to find ways to get published locally. For example, he might start by writing letters to the editor of the local newspaper. He might also write books for younger students. Invite him to print out copies of his manuscript from your computer and distribute them at school or to friends. It is motivating and exciting for a young writer to see his work "in print" and to get feedback from readers. Scholastic also has two great resources for student writers: At Write It your child can talk to other kid scribes and even submit his work for possible inclusion on the Web site. And at Writing With Writers, pros offer tips on writing in a number of styles, including descriptive and news writing. As with Write It, student work may be submitted for possible posting.
- Consider writing competitions. Once your child has started to write and begins to develop confidence in her work, you might suggest that she enter favorite pieces in a competition. Sometimes, community organizations hold contests; your local librarian may be able to direct you to them. Your child might also consider entering The Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, which is held each year for students in grades 7 through 12. Past winners have included best-selling writers such as Truman Capote, Joyce Carol Oates, and Bernard Malamud.
- Understand that it is difficult to get published — but ultimately worthwhile. When your child has a deep understanding of how books are made and has a manuscript that is ready for publication, there are two routes he may pursue:
1. Find a publisher by consulting Literary Marketplace, a directory that is available in the library. While your child could certainly send his manuscript directly to a publisher, such unsolicited manuscripts are not typically considered a high priority, and there is a chance that his manuscript will not be read.
2. Find an agent to help your child get her manuscript to a publisher. If an agent agrees to represent her, her work will definitely be read by the editor to whom it is sent. You can find an agent who handles children's work by consulting Literary Marketplace or the Association of Authors' Representatives. Information is also available from The Children's Book Council or the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators.
Recommended Products for Your Child Ages 11-13 | <urn:uuid:eb0bf0e2-e2d0-4de4-a8d8-393a92628d5e> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.scholastic.com/parents/resources/article/writing-activities/encouraging-young-writer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500820886.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021340-00170-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97433 | 632 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Marco was the nephew of Sebastiano Ricci, the talented and innovative painter who shifted towards Venetian Rococo in the late 17th and early 18th century. He moved from his home town, Belluno, down to Venice, and he too started his career as a figure painter, following the footsteps of his famous uncle. Even so, his debut must have been fairly mediocre if it is true that, as Ticozzi wrote in 1832, Marco soon "“abandoned his figure studies and took up landscape painting"”.
A trip to Rome at the very end of the 17th century proved to be of fundamental importance for his apprenticeship in this field. He was escaping from a certain sentence for murder and he sought refuge first in Ancona and then in the capital of the Papal States. Here‴ he was able to obtain first-hand experience of works by 17th-century landscapists‴ from Salvator Rosa right through to Ghisolfi‴ and he applied what he learnt to a profound meditation on the Venetian tradition of landscape painting in the early Cinquecento‴ taking from artists such as Domenico Campagnola and the early works of Titian. This repertoire of knowledge enabled him to perfect a very personal style‴ initially highly dramatic‴ with dominant brownish tones and an emphasis on chiaroscuro and realism. Over the years‴ Marco brightened his palette considerably‴ partly due to his experiences in Tuscany‴ where he met Magnasco‴ and in England‴ where he was able to see the works of 17th-century Dutch and Flemish masters in local collections‴ and he saw others on his return to Venice in 1715 when he stopped off in the Low Countries. The works he made in the last ten years of his career were extremely luminous‴ especially when he used tempera on kidskin. | <urn:uuid:7eaa4932-2f6b-4653-a334-b23664d3a1e1> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.nga.gov.au/TheItalians/Detail.cfm?IRN=161275&ViewID=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999673147/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060753-00065-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984962 | 398 | 2.59375 | 3 |
• A polar bear named Gus lives in the Central Park Zoo.
• A Dancing Bear statue is near the Zoo.
• "The Bear Dance," a satirical painting by William Holbrook Beard (1825-1900) on a poster for the New-York Historical Society, is popular with young people. The painting is also known as "The Bears of Wall Street Celebrating a Drop in the Market."
• For more on this bearish subject visit the office of Bear Stearns at 383 Madison Avenue, or better yet, see Walking Off the Wall Street Bears on this website.
• Dancing bears, a street act in which real captured bears are made to perform, is a cruel tradition and should be universally condemned.
• The bears in the American Museum of Natural History include the Alaska brown bear, grizzly bear and polar bear dioramas.
• "Group of Bears" (1932, cast 1963), a statue on the south side of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is by American modernist sculptor Paul Manship. (picture)
• The Art Bears inside The Met include Leonardo da Vinci's "A Bear Walking" and a Roman vessel in the shape of a bear made 200-400 AD. I'm sure there are more bears in there.
• The name Arctic is derived from the Greek word meaning "bear." Antarctica means the polar opposite.
Image by Walking Off the Big Apple. | <urn:uuid:0442a837-c7dd-4176-9367-de2e4513f543> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.walkingoffthebigapple.com/2007/12/weekend-frivolities-tour-de-bears-real.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703527850.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121194330-20210121224330-00007.warc.gz | en | 0.942007 | 290 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Cognitive Processing and Integration allows you to recall, acknowledge and process thoughts and emotions which may have been causing you problems. The process of acknowledging and accepting these experiences then reduces or removes the negative impact/symptoms that they may have been having on your life.
Cognitive – CPI focuses upon your beliefs and ways of thinking in relation to a challenging experience.
Processing and Integrating – CPI enables you to gain clarity and understanding of an experience, helping you to make sense of it. CPI helps you to process and integrate experiences in a helpful and empowering way, such that the experience does not continue to negatively impact upon you.
So what exactly Is Cognitive Processing and Integration…
Cognitive Processing and Integration (CPI) is an innovative therapeutic intervention that enables people to deal with and move forward from challenging, conflicting or traumatic life events or experiences.
Most psychological symptoms and problems are underpinned and maintained by people’s limiting beliefs and unhelpful thinking styles.
For some people, these unhelpful beliefs and ways of thinking have mostly arisen in response to specific conflicting or challenging events or experiences. Much of the time, people are able to recover from adverse life events naturally, as they interpret them in a way which is helpful and enables them to feel powerful.
Indeed, often exposure to difficult life events ultimately helps people to thrive because they build their skills and resources and learn how to effectively deal with challenges.
Are you struggling to move on…
Sometimes, though, we struggle to ‘get over’ and move on from difficult experiences. These experiences can then continue to have an impact upon the way we see ourselves and the world around us.
We may feel powerless or unable to face up to the experience and, thus, try to avoid thinking about it. The experience then remains unresolved and conflicting. Sometimes people interpret adverse events in a way which ties in with their existing negative beliefs (for example, they use the experience to support their belief that they are ‘bad’ or ‘stupid’ or ‘powerless’).
What Does It Mean ?…
Now, ‘Cognitive Processing and Integration’ does sound a little complicated, so what does it actually mean?
Cognitive – This refers to the fact the CPI focuses upon a people’s beliefs and ways of thinking in relation to the challenging experience.
Processing and Integrating – This refers to the fact that CPI enables people to gain clarity surrounding and understanding of an experience, helping them to make sense of it. CPI helps people to process and integrate experiences in a helpful and empowering way, such that the experience does not continue to negatively impact upon them.
What will it help me to do
CPI basically helps you to do the following:
1) Understand the beliefs and thoughts you have developed about yourself and the world around you in response to the conflicting experience
2) Gain a different perspective on these thoughts and beliefs and put the experience into context
3) Alter your thoughts and beliefs to helpful, empowering ones
4) Build the skills and resources to move forward and thrive.
What does it involve?
CPI firstly involves you relaxing and taking your mind back to the conflicting experience. You will then be asked to engage in ‘cognitive free association’, which basically means that you verbalise all the thoughts, beliefs, images and sensations that come to mind.
Verbalising your thoughts and recollections helps you to process the experience; it enables you to make sense of it and put it into context. Many people gradually and naturally restructure their experience throughout the CPI process, as they are given a safe, non-judgemental space to constructively work through the experience.
I will help you to gain perspective and show you how to alter your beliefs and ways of thinking. You will also learn the skills and resources you need to process and integrate challenging events in a helpful manner in the future.
CPI often only takes 3 or 4 sessions, particularly if you want to process one recent traumatic or conflicting experience. Alternatively a longer therapy taking around 4 to 6 sessions can be helpful in processing and integrating more extensive or childhood experiences.
CPI is often combined with the cognitive therapy to enable you to develop further self-understanding and the skills and resources you need to live your life to the full. At your free initial consultation we can discuss the best approach for you enabling us to tailor the sessions to you and your individual needs.
When could CPI help me
CPI can assist people to helpfully process and ‘get over’ a wide range of conflicting, distressing or traumatic events and experiences. These experiences may have occurred in childhood or they may be recent challenging or traumatic experiences.
Some such experiences include: the death of a loved one, accidents or severe illnesses, experiences of war or conflict, mugging, burglary, physical assault, sexual assault, childhood trauma or abuse, and natural disasters. At our free consultation we will both decide whether CPI would be the most suitable way forward for you. | <urn:uuid:869e1f75-6594-4c58-b3ae-c1d89f6f5c8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cheshirehypnotherapist.co.uk/cognitive-processing-integration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00142.warc.gz | en | 0.939712 | 1,031 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Highlights include two comets, a moon-Jupiter conjunction, and good viewing for Mercury.
The WMO is reporting that atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a record high of 390 ppm in 2011. This should come as no great surprise, since CO2 concentrations have set a new record high pretty much every year since we started making measurements. See, for example, this plot of CO2 concentrations at Mauna Loa observatory since 1958, or this older paper that includes concentrations of other greenhouse gases.
These measurements don’t get enough attention. Much of the discussion surrounding climate change from greenhouse gases centers around the temperature record, which is noisy and affected by a lot of other factors. As you can see from the data, however, there is nothing at all ambiguous about the greenhouse gas concentration measurements.
At an estimated redshift of 11, this galaxy recently discovered by HST is a candidate for the most distant object ever observed. Its comoving distance is nearly 10Gpc (over 32 billion light-years)! This tiny galaxy was only observable at all due to the magnification provided by gravitational lensing from the MACS J0647.7+7015, which comprises most of the rest of the stuff visible in the image.
James Watt’s work on developing the steam engine lead to the discovery of what are now called Watt’s curves and linkages. The animation above shows how they are constructed from linking a fixed radius to another with a rod. I tweaked the lengths here to make a lovely heart. With different lengths it is possible to make sections of the red curve almost exactly straight. Watt was able to use this to double the power of a beam engine, and nowadays this is used in the suspension systems of some cars. [more] [more2] [code]
I have long held that anti-gouging laws harm the very people they are intended to protect. They create shortages by stimulating hoarding behavior and inhibiting import response. The shortages make it difficult to plan ahead because you can’t know whether you will be able to get necessities at some future date. That encourages even more hoarding, which aggravates the shortage, which leads to the vicious cycle that you can see being played out in New York in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. I believe that New Yorkers would be uniformly better off if New York’s anti-gouging laws had never been passed.
Greg Mankiw has posted some nice examples of the arguments for and against anti-gouging laws. The last of these is particularly worth reading, since it makes a direct rebuttal to the argument that anti-gouging laws ensure fairness in allocating scarce goods.
It turns out that the debate over gouging goes back further than you might think. On this week’s EconTalk, Russ Roberts and Mike Munger talk about John Locke’s theories on the subject of price justice. What was especially interesting about Locke’s treatment is that he acknowledges that there is such a thing as taking advantage of another person’s distress, and he tries to draw a line between reasonable adjustment of prices to changing market conditions and unreasonable extortion. Along the way he generalizes the concept of a “market price” (which he deems to be always just) to scenarios where there are but a single prospective buyer and seller. It’s all the more impressive when you consider that Locke wrote it in the 17th century, nearly a century before Smith and others expounded the classical theories of supply and demand.
With Joe Donnelly and Claire McCaskill projected to win their Senate races, the Tea Party has demonstrably cost the Republicans at least four senate seats over the past two elections: Delaware and Nevada in 2010, and now Indiana and Missouri. In all four cases the mainstream Republican was a favorite to win, and in all four cases once the Tea Party “primaried out a RINO,” to borrow a phrase from one of my less-charming interlocutors, the voters deserted the Republicans in droves. Can we please finally admit that America doesn’t want what the Tea Party is selling? This country needs a sensible center-right party, and that’s not going to happen until moderate Republicans tell their crazy wing to take it down the road. Lindsey Graham, the Republican Senator from South Carolina, seems to get it:
…if we lose this election there is only one explanation — demographics.”
If I hear anybody say it was because Romney wasn’t conservative enough I’m going to go nuts. We’re not losing 95 percent of African-Americans and two-thirds of Hispanics and voters under 30 because we’re not being hard-ass enough.
The Republicans are going to have to do a lot of this sort of soul searching if they’re going to have any sort of relevance going forward. Sadly, not everyone has gotten the message; the top result on the Google News search I used to find the quote above referred to Graham as “Lindsey Graham (RINO-SC).” Stay classy, Tea Party. Stay classy. | <urn:uuid:c52459b1-d3b8-4b5e-a14d-5fd08a340cac> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://rlink.tumblr.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010642209/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091042-00065-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952806 | 1,061 | 2.609375 | 3 |
However, the underlying mechanisms are likely to be different in the two groups.
As people live longer, the number living with dementia is expected to triple by 2050. So understanding the impact of alcohol consumption on ageing outcomes is important.
Previous studies indicate that moderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, whereas both abstinence and heavy drinking are associated with a risk of dementia. But the evidence is far from conclusive, and the reasons underlying these associations remain unclear.
So a team of researchers from Inserm (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) based in France and from UCL in the UK set out to investigate the association between midlife alcohol consumption and risk of dementia into early old age.
They also examined whether cardiometabolic disease (a group of conditions including stroke, coronary heart disease, and diabetes) has any effect on this association.
Participants were assessed at regular intervals between 1985 and 1993 (average age 50 years) on their alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.
Of the 9,087 participants, 397 cases of dementia were recorded over an average follow-up period of 23 years. Average age at dementia diagnosis was 76 years.
After taking account of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health related factors that could have affected the results, the researchers found that abstinence in midlife or drinking more than 14 units a week was associated with a higher risk of dementia compared with drinking 1-14 units of alcohol a week.
Among those drinking above 14 units a week of alcohol, every 7 unit a week increase in consumption was associated with 17 percent increase in dementia risk.
History of hospital admission for alcohol related chronic diseases was associated with a four times higher risk of dementia.
Taken together, these results suggest that abstention and excessive alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of dementia, said the researchers, although the underlying reasons are likely vary for the two groups.
The authors said their findings "strengthen the evidence that excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for dementia" and "encourage use of lower thresholds of alcohol consumption in guidelines to promote cognitive health at older ages."
The study appears in The BMJ.... | <urn:uuid:16f1f39c-bb22-4270-a98a-b044c94e34df> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/health-and-wellbeing/030818/dementia-risk-high-for-heavy-drinkers-study.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824601.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213080138-20181213101638-00102.warc.gz | en | 0.962017 | 440 | 2.96875 | 3 |
New technology makes training easier and more effective.
Training is an essential part of building and maintaining any successful business. Technological advancements have increased the amount and types of knowledge required to perform a task. There is still a need for some traditional skills, but gone are the days when a new employee learned a fixed body of knowledge and applied that knowledge for their entire career.
Sending employees off to training courses used to be the only means by which a business could keep workers up to date. But that too appears to be ending as faster, more efficient, less expensive means of upgrading employees flood the work world.
Technological advancements have made work less demanding but have extended the knowledge base required to complete a task. Employers need to realize that access to information on a “need-to-know” basis is an essential attribute that they must embrace if they wish to survive. Management should take advantage of new methods now available within most industries.
Online training is a starting point. This type of training is much like the old classroom approach where the employee watches and listens to experts explain problems and methods. Like classroom training, however, it assumes a full vessel (instructor) pouring information into an empty vessel (student). This method of instruction, known today as sage on the stage, is teacher-centered instead of student-centered. The sage on the stage method of instruction does not always provide practical or in-depth discussions of issues because there are often too many participants and not enough instructors. In the guide on the side model the instructor draws on the students’ work and life experience and guides them to finding their own solutions. The focus of this model is on the process of problem solving through critical thinking but also fully recognizes the role played by raw knowledge. Unfortunately, unless the instruction takes place in real time, online training does not allow much interaction.
Augmented reality (to be distinguished from virtual reality) was developed in the 80s and 90s for military application. Augmented reality enhances selected environments or aspects of them to enrich perception; it does not create an artificial reality. The need to train astronauts and pilots in real time became cost prohibitive, but replicating reality with computer-generated situations trained individuals to deal with potential issues via simulation. The gaming industry has demonstrated how inexpensive it is for computers to generate information perceptible by all the senses. As such, it will not be long before heads-up displays will incorporate augmented reality to guide workers step by step in real time as they learn how to diagnose and fix a specific problem. New technology will reduce training time.
The implications of this ability to identify a problem and find a solution are that workers no longer need to retrain every time information becomes outdated or obsolete. This technology will enable employees to learn incrementally and advance at their own pace. Incorporating augmented reality hardware within the workplace will reduce training time, encourage younger workers to join your business and increase productivity. The ability to impart knowledge, experience and skill without the expense of transporting individuals to the job site is a massive cost savings and a step to providing the best possible service to clients in a fraction of the time required to send in a team to fix the problem. This is the model of the call centre in India or the Philippines: technology permits remote solutions to technical problems without the need to send someone to the site of the problem. The fact that a remote expert can solve the problem within a short time today means you can operate your business more efficiently and meet tighter deadlines.
Clients want instant fixes to their problems. Employers should consider investing in the new approach to training if they wish to stay in business. Owner-managers should consider the following sequence of a transformation process:
- Examine their existing business model to determine whether there will be a future market for their service or product.
- Phase out services and products that will become obsolete within the foreseeable future.
- Determine how to provide improved services or products for existing customers.
- List the equipment or process that must be replaced or updated and research the appropriate replacements.
- Set a timeline for financing, acquiring and integrating the upgraded equipment/process, training staff and reconfiguring the workplace (if necessary).
- Establish a hands-on training schedule to deal with real issues rather than hypothetical ones presented in a classroom environment. Employees learn faster if they can apply new processes to familiar problems. Once they are up to speed, employees can apply the new knowledge in the existing work environment and expand its application going forward.
- Engage all employees right from the start in the employer’s vision of the business and encourage them to adopt the new skills they will need to prepare them for a future in the organization.
- Promote the expectation that training will increase productivity and personal satisfaction, reduce turnover, and increase job security.
- Investigate external training facilities that provide recognized certificates of achievement through formalized training that emphasizes the need to complete or pass a training program. This approach allows your business to evaluate the results supplied by an independent source and to identify those employees who should be set on a career path and those who exhibit sufficient competence to evolve with current and future changes.
THE FUTURE IS NOW
Owner-managers need to understand the inevitable changes occurring in their business. Perhaps a complete re-think of the business and a five-year plan will be worth the time. Planning and skills development today will build your future business. And, the future is now.
**This blog is for information only and not to be used as tax advice or planning without first seeking professional advice. Information is subject to change without notice.
***This article was originally published in Volume 32, Issue 2 of Business Matters in March 2018. BUSINESS MATTERS deals with a number of complex issues in a concise manner; it is recommended that accounting, legal or other appropriate professional advice should be sought before acting upon any of the information contained therein. Although every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this letter, no individual or organization involved in either the preparation or distribution of this letter accepts any contractual, tortious, or any other form of liability for its contents or for any consequences arising from its use. BUSINESS MATTERS is prepared bimonthly by the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada for the clients of its members. Richard Fulcher, CPA, CA – Author; Patricia Adamson, M.A., M.I.St. – CPA Canada Editor. | <urn:uuid:8fca65e7-aebd-4d18-bebc-aa8e03abeeec> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://sharonperry.ca/blog/training-for-the-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710916.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20221202215443-20221203005443-00155.warc.gz | en | 0.94483 | 1,346 | 3.1875 | 3 |
However, heuristics often lead to consistent and reproduceable errors in reasoning. Take this test for example. You are presented with four cards. Each card has a letter on one side and a number on the other. Which cards should you turn over to test this hypothesis: All cards with vowels on one side have an even number on the other. The cards you're given are:
E G 2 5
Take a moment and decide which cards you'd flip.
Before getting into the answer let's highlight a few key things regarding the hypothesis. All cards with vowels on one side have an even number on the other. Key words that likely jump out at you are "vowels" and "even numbers". Notably odd numbers and consonants are not mentioned.
Here's another version of roughly the same puzzle. See if your answers differ at all. Imagine you run a bar which serves beer and soda. Everyone in the bar who is over 21 may have beer, but anyone below 21 must drink soda. You only know either a patron's drink or age but not both. Which of these patrons must you check to ensure no one under 18 has beer? (Officially our hypothesis in order to mimic the first puzzle is: if someone is drinking alcohol they must be over 21.)
Beer Drinker, Soda Drinker, 30 years old, 15 years old
This puzzle is logically the same as the first but most people will come to a rather different conclusion. Obviously you must check the age of the beer drinker. Clearly you don't need to check the age of the soda drinker or the drink of the 30 year old. However, you must check the beverage of the 15 year old to ensure he isn't drinking beer.
Similarly most people correctly suppose that you should flip over the E card in the first puzzle. After all, if you find an odd number on the other side you have disproven the hypothesis. The G doesn't need flipped because our hypothesis doesn't care about numbers on consonant cards. Most people wrongly choose to flip the 2 card because the hypothesis mentions even numbers. However, suppose you found a consonant on the other side? We just established we don't care about consonant cards so that wouldn't be helpful. If we find a vowel it seems to lend credence to our vowel/even hypothesis but it doesn't invalidate it or prove it so we've ultimately learned nothing. Finally, most people choose not to flip the 5 card. The hypothesis doesn't mention odd numbers so it would seem unnecessary. However, if we flip the 5 card and find a vowel we have invalidated the hypothesis that vowel cards have even numbers. Thus this card must be checked along with the E card.
If you answered incorrectly to the first puzzle don't feel too bad. Over 90% of those questioned make the errors listed above. It's entirely normal for the brain's heuristics to lead you astray in this case.
What is interesting is that far far fewer people make mistakes on the second puzzle. As mentioned, the drinking problem is logically the same. Only letter/number combinations have been exchanged for soda/age combinations. Yet seemingly due to the familiarity of the situation individuals are much more easily able to correctly solve the puzzle.
That's it for this week. Until next week stay safe and rationale. | <urn:uuid:e2ad643a-bb97-4395-af85-819a4eb37672> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://www.bounded-rationality.com/2013/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525094.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717061451-20190717083451-00523.warc.gz | en | 0.962669 | 681 | 3.78125 | 4 |
More than 50 million people in the United States suffer from allergies, asthma and related conditions. An allergy is an adverse reaction, caused by a patient's own immune system, to a substance that would generally be considered harmless. If symptoms occur in the nose or sinuses, this is called allergic rhinitis or hay fever. Symptoms in the lungs or bronchial tubes are called asthma. Skin symptoms are referred to as hives or urticaria.Lahey's Department of Allergy and Immunology specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Patients are evaluated through detailed histories, physical examinations and, if applicable, breathing and allergy skin tests. Treatment options for allergic conditions include avoidance of allergens, medications to reduce symptoms and, in some cases, allergy injections that can be helpful in controlling the underlying illness rather than just controlling symptoms.Our physicians, nurses and other health care providers are experts in the testing and treatment of both children and adults. Our certified asthma educators continue to raise the bar in patient care, keeping you informed about treatment options and empowering you when it comes to managing your condition.We invite you to explore our site and learn more about allergies, our services and treatment options. | <urn:uuid:7a40e771-9336-426b-ad14-189325b1785e> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.lahey.org/Allergy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507450767.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005730-00271-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938826 | 240 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The article is divided of two parts. In the first part, the authors discuss about the chronic cough, a subject of a great interest in pediatric practice. Physiopathology, the most important etiologic categories, clinical and paraclinical data, principles of therapy of chronic cough are reviewed. The authors underline the importance of the history of the disease, in establishing the cause of chronic cough in children. A cough that worsens at night may be caused by sinusitis, asthma, or gastroesophageal refl ux. The cough that disappears during sleep, suggests a psychogenic cause. Clinical examination has to be thorough, complete and repeated, focused on ENT segment, chest, respiratory and cardio-vascular system. When clinical data and history cannot establish the cause of chronic cough, paraclinical evaluation is necessary. Any child with chronic cough, no matter the age, must have chest X-Ray examination to eliminate aspiration of foreign body or another severe disease (congenital anomaly, cystic fi brosis, bronchiectasis, cardiomegaly, mediastinal mass). In the second part, the authors present the main clinical entities (cough variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis, cough during and after respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and rhinoadenoiditis, passive smoking, gastroesophageal refl ux, bronchiectasis, aspiration syndrome / foreign body aspiration, deglutition diffi culties, vocal cords dysfunction, compression syndrome, psychogenic cough, otogenic causes - Arnold ear - cough reflex, cough as a side effect of the medication) and the etiologic treatment. The indications of an etiologic treatment have to be infl uenced by a detailed history of the disease and by clinical examination. In the absence of an etiologic factor, the patient will receive symptomatic treatment only if the cough is responsible for awakeness, vomiting and fatigue. Tolerability of cough is the element that determines the indications for inhibitors of cough.read more.. | <urn:uuid:486a8f13-1093-4d57-855f-785ac4f48598> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://terapeutica.ro/archive/6-XIII_2_2009 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494485.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220065052-20190220091052-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.904611 | 427 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Want a better voice? Consider the leek. The Roman Emperor Nero—nicknamed “leekeater”—declared the leek his favorite vegetable and thought it improved his singing voice. Both Greeks and Romans favored this mild-tasting vegetable from the onion family for its curative properties in aiding the sore throat. Aristotle claimed that a diet of leeks contributed to the clear voice of the partridge. But it was in Wales—a country known as the Land Of Song—where this vegetable was elevated to a national emblem, and is even found on some British one pound coins today.
History and folklore pertaining to the leek yield a variety of anecdotes. The vegetable is believed to have been around for about 4,000 years. St. David—who founded many monasteries—is said to have survived on a limited diet of bread, water, watercress and leeks. About sixty years after his death, some say seventh century Welsh warriors adorned their helmets with leeks to identify which side of the battle they were on as Saxons invaded, fighting in leek fi elds. The Welsh won, and today St. David’s Day, the national holiday of Wales, is celebrated every March 1 with leeks (and daffodils, the national flower) decorating caps and worn as corsages. Curiously, the word for leek and daffodil is the same in the Welsh language (spoken by about one in six of the country’s three million residents).
In Wales, the peninsula of the western part of Britain, some holiday traditions include a drummer, fifer, (and sometimes a goat) parading around the table while a drum major carries a silver platter filled with leeks. But beyond the folklore of the leek, it is also an important ingredient in their cuisine.
I recently spoke with Chef Colin Gray, heading up the Welsh National Culinary Team at the United Nations for an annual food festival celebrating the culinary traditions of Wales, and tasted some of his creations. He felt connecting the leek to Wales was a bit of a cliché. “There’s more to Welsh cooking than leeks,” asserted Gray, who is involved in food competitions throughout the world. While it is an important ingredient, he said the hearty, utilitarian fare that kept miners going in the past has been replaced by a lighter, more international restaurant cuisine. He still calls upon the leek for a variety of dishes, of course, including a delicate soup of leeks and potatoes with melt-in-your-mouth frothy goat cheese foam on top and fried leeks in the broth. Other modern day Welsh dishes include a vegetarian leek sausage, as well as a leek and goat cheese pressed terrine and a roulade—a sushi-like roll where the leek leaves take the place of seaweed. The Welsh lunch at the U.N. also offered a chance to sample other Welsh products available in the States: Patchwork Pate, Penderyn Whiskey, Llanllyr Water, and Tomos Watkin Ale.
Leaving the United Nations behind, I remembered Welsh folklore of another sort. The tradition of carving and giving wooden love spoons as a courting gift dates back to the 16th century, when a man would carve his own for his sweetheart. Made from a single piece of wood, the ornately carved handle often tells a story with motifs of hearts, harps, Celtic knots, flowers and birds being popular images. Today, traditional and contemporary designs may be machine made, but they are still given as a tangible expression of love, to celebrate special occasions including births, birthdays, engagements and marriages. With the lingering taste of the leek and goat cheese roulade (roll) on my tongue and thoughts of handsomely carved love spoons in my head, I look forward to visiting Wales. I am ready for this “land of song” filled with castles, clog dancing, poetry contests, harp music, and of course, love spoons and leeks. | <urn:uuid:e0fdb5b9-ac61-42ef-8a73-f2412b848689> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://globalrhythm.net/Food/TreasuresofWalesLeeksandLoveSpoons.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221214702.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819051423-20180819071423-00611.warc.gz | en | 0.95493 | 840 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Results represent significant development toward therapeutic cloning of stem cells
WASHINGTON, Dec. 6 – Using newer cloning techniques, including the "gentle squeeze" method described by South Korean researchers who earlier this year reported creating the first cloned human embryonic stem cell line, University of Pittsburgh scientists have taken a significant step toward successful therapeutic cloning of nonhuman primate embryos.
It is the first time researchers have applied methods developed in the Seoul laboratory to nonhuman primate eggs. Resulting cloned embryos progressed to the blastocyst stage, a developmental step in which the embryo resembles a hollow, fluid-filled cavity surrounded by a single layer of cells. Called the inner cell mass, this layer contains embryonic stem cells. Growth of a cloned nonhuman primate egg to the blastocyst stage is farther along the developmental spectrum than ever achieved before, Gerald Schatten, Ph.D., director of the Pittsburgh Development Center at Magee-Womens Research Institute, and his colleagues report.
Calvin Simerly, Ph.D., associate professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the study's first author, will present the findings on Dec. 6 at Cell Biology 2004, the 44th annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology. Scientific sessions are Dec. 4 to 8 at the Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C.
"We've made improvements by adapting some of the Korean methods and have been able to overcome some of the hurdles we were seeing before," said Dr. Schatten, senior author of the study and professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences and cell biology and physiology in Pitt's School of Medicine. "This is a significant step forward and gives us hope for eventually being able to derive embryonic stem cells through therapeutic cloning."
In therapeutic cloning, limited cell division is induced in an unfertilized egg cell to produce embryonic stem cells. In reproductive cloning, an egg cell with a donor nucleus is transferred into a living surrogate female in an attempt to make a successful pregnancy.
Stem cells are believed to be a key ingredient in the body's self-repair system – blank slates that can develop into multiple cell types such as nerve, blood, bone or muscle. Stem cell-based approaches may hold promise for treating or curing diabetes, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), heart disease, stroke, spinal cord injury and genetic diseases. Scientists believe that embryonic stem cells may have the most versatility in potential cell-based treatments, but intensive research continues on both embryonic and adult-derived stem cells.
Dr. Schatten and his colleagues are focusing much of their research on strategies to derive embryonic stem cells from nonhuman primates. Such cells could be used as a template for human embryonic stem cell study, and answer many questions about how embryonic stem cells work and whether they can be used safely and effectively against disease or injury.
The Pittsburgh team also is attempting to clone nonhuman primates as a way to generate better research models for human disease so that studies can obtain more accurate results with fewer animals.
While the current study represents significant progress, many barriers to cloning nonhuman primates remain.
Reporting in the journal Science in April 2003, Drs. Schatten, Simerly and their colleagues described fundamental flaws they observed in nonhuman primate embryonic development despite using the techniques of nuclear transfer that had resulted in successful cloning of Dolly the sheep, mice and other domestic animals. In the 2003 study, researchers found basic molecular obstacles that blocked normal cell development, such as absent or deficient proteins, chaotic mitotic spindle structures and misaligned chromosomes. While cell division superficially seemed normal, chromosomal problems existed within each individual cell.
The most recent study appears to have broken that impasse.
"We've had better development to the blastocyst stage in laboratory culture, which may help us to achieve cloned primate embryonic stem cells," said Dr. Simerly. "There are primate embryonic stem cells now, but no cloned primate embryonic stem cells."
Developing cloned primate stem cells is vitally important to evaluate the preclinical safety and immune-tolerance of stem cell transplantation. The primary medical reason for performing therapeutic cloning is to make stem cells that are genetic – and hopefully, therefore, immune matches of the patient's own cells – so that they are not rejected. Being able to generate primate stem cells by nuclear transfer may soon permit transplant investigations to learn whether stem cells created in this way are truly immune-matched.
In addition to replicating the South Korean method of gently squeezing out the egg's nucleus rather than the traditional practice of removing genetic material with a vacuum needle, Pittsburgh researchers performed nuclear transfer with eggs that had not yet achieved full maturity. Cells prepare to divide by moving through various phases of meiosis before actual division takes place at mitosis.
Eggs were enucleated at late meiosis stage I, when the number of chromosomes begins to be reduced by half to make the resulting egg cell ready for fertilization by a sperm cell, which would provide a similar complement of chromosomes. In other animal cloning work, eggs had been enucleated at metaphase II, part of the second stage of meiosis.
Once the maternal genetic material was removed, it was replaced by donor nuclei from rhesus cumulus and fibroblast cells. Cumulus cells surround the developing egg. Fibroblast cells make up connective tissues.
Reproductive cloning remains elusive, however, and the Pittsburgh team's experience thus far indicates the possibility for successful cloning of primates (and perhaps humans) is even more remote than previously believed. Dr. Schatten's group made 135 cloned monkey embryos and transferred them into 25 surrogate female rhesus macaques. No pregnancies were established.
University of Pittsburgh researchers' success in achieving cloned primate embryo development to the blastocyst stage is a significant advancement over first-generation nuclear transfer techniques that had been used to produce cloned primate embryos. In the past, such cloned embryos generally stopped growing at the 8- to 16-cell stage. Even so, cellular development continues to be somewhat flawed, indicating improper nuclear reprogramming and/or other incompatibilities. Spindle abnormalities, motor deficiencies and other chromosomal anomalies were observed. Embryos created through nuclear transfer appear to be inferior to fertilized ones.
"What this shows is that the Korean method for efficient human somatic cell nuclear transfer is equally effective for nonhuman primates, allowing the further progress toward development of an animal model which parallels human biology," said Dr. Schatten. "This approach does not violate federal or state laws, and allows for preclinical investigations that would not be ethically feasible in humans. Our hope is to help advance the preclinical and fundamental knowledge accurately and swiftly so that perhaps clinical trials on stem cell donations might be responsibly considered within this decade."
The study also further illuminates the science of cloning.
"While it would be very important to be able to develop genetically identical primates for disease research, which is one of our aims, we also are investigating the feasibility of therapeutic cloning of stem cells," said Dr. Simerly. "If we can test these techniques in rhesus monkeys, it would go a long way toward discovering whether it is possible to create immune-matched stem cells."
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
In the depth of winter, I finally learned that there was in me an invincible summer.
-- Albert Camus | <urn:uuid:fff63e6d-7ab6-4bb0-b30f-76ae88c0544d> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2004-12/uopm-etc113004.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657133485.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00070-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94454 | 1,573 | 2.703125 | 3 |
data management grade 12
posted by Paul .
Cecile tosses 5 coins,one after the other.
a) How many different outcomes are possible?
b) In how many ways will the first coin turn up heads and the last coin turn up tails?
c) In how many ways will the second third and fourth coins all turn up heads?
d) would the same possibilities arise in parts a) b) and c) if one coin was tossed 5 times in succession?
and just to understand the question what would a tress diagram look like illustrating the possibilities. | <urn:uuid:8977aee8-f26d-4cbe-b453-9f1991f0837f> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1265420124 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887692.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180119010338-20180119030338-00088.warc.gz | en | 0.940822 | 120 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Corrective and Prescription Shoes
Proper footwear is an important part of an overall treatment program for people with diabetes, even at the earliest stages of the disease. If there is any evidence of neuropathy, wearing the right footwear is crucial.
As a general rule, people with diabetes should choose shoes that:
- Accommodate, stabilize, and support deformities, such as Charcot Foot, loss of fatty tissue, hammertoes, and amputations. Many deformities need to be stabilized to relieve pain and avoid further damage. In addition, some deformities may need to be controlled or supported to decrease further progression of the deformity.
- Limit motion of joints. Limiting the motion of certain joints in the foot can decrease inflammation, relieve pain, and result in a more stable and functional foot.
- Reduce shock and shear. A reduction in the overall amount of vertical pressure, or shock, on the bottom of the foot is desirable, as well as a reduction of horizontal movement of the foot within the shoe, or shear.
- Relieve areas of excessive pressure. Any area where there is excessive pressure on the foot can lead to skin breakdown or ulcers. Footwear should help to relieve these high pressure areas, and therefore reduce the occurrence of related problems.
Many diabetics need special prescription footwear. The various types include:
- Custom-made shoes. When extremely severe deformities are present, a custom-made shoe can be constructed from a cast or model of the patient's foot. With extensive modifications of in-depth shoes, even the most severe deformities can usually be accommodated.
- External shoe modifications. In these cases, the outside of the shoe is modified in some way, such as adjusting the shape of the sole or adding shock-absorbing or stabilizing materials.
- Healing shoes. Immediately following surgery or ulcer treatment, special shoes may be necessary before a regular shoe can be worn. These include custom sandals (open toe), heat-moldable healing shoes (closed toe), and post-operative shoes.
- In-depth shoes. An in-depth shoe is the basis for most footwear prescriptions. It is generally an oxford-type or athletic shoe with an additional 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch of depth throughout the shoe. This extra volume accommodates inserts, or orthotics, as well as deformities commonly associated with a diabetic foot. In-depth shoes are usually designed to be light in weight, have shock-absorbing soles, and come in a wide range of shapes and sizes to accommodate virtually any foot.
- Orthoses or shoe inserts. Also known as orthotics, an orthosis is a removable insole which provides pressure relief and shock absorption. Both pre-made and custom-made orthotics or shoe inserts are commonly recommended for patients with diabetes, including a special total contact orthosis, which is made from a model of the patient's foot and offers a high level of comfort and pressure relief. | <urn:uuid:cef4c5be-ddc4-4f71-8e8e-9b6392aec8dc> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.southlakefootandankle.com/corrective-and-prescription-shoes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863411.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180620031000-20180620051000-00105.warc.gz | en | 0.934719 | 617 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Manuscripts and archives acquired by Genaro García, Mexican historian, educator, lawyer, politician, and bibliophile, relating primarily to the history, politics, and culture of Mexico from the 16th-20th centuries, including archives of prominent Mexican political figures.
Manuscripts and printed material related to the history of Mexico and southwestern United States (California, New Mexico, and Texas) before 1836. collected by geologist William B. Stephens.
This collection consists of 226 digitally preserved audio programs including interviews, music, and informational programs related to the Mexican American community and their concerns from the radio series “The Mexican American Experience” and “A esta hora conversamos” the Longhorn Radio Network, 1976-1982.
Digitized books in the Benson’s Rare Book Collection encompassing a wide variety of topics relating to Spanish and Latin America, including literature, histories, travel accounts, and secondary sources.
Selection of pictorial, topographical, and political maps at the Benson Latin American Collection.
The exhibition focuses on three distinct moments when maps played an integral role in the transformation of Mexico and its political geography. In the sixteenth century, early colonial pictographic maps drawn by indigenous artists reflect the growth of Spanish colonial administration. In the eighteenth century, new maps of Mexico’s principal cities serve as both representations and instruments of the viceregal government’s efforts to re-order and regulate Mexican social life and public spaces. In the nineteenth century, maps are central to the military struggle for independence and the defense of contested national borders.
This assignment helps students think critically about the geographical and political definition of the U.S.-Mexico boundary and its effect on people living in the borderlands through the analysis of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo text and contemporary historical maps.
Through an experiential learning format, this 6-week plan is divided in three segments, each corresponding to the steps of the development of a digital project: theory, design and building of digital product, and public outreach. It has been designed to incorporate digital praxis into your courses, and move from theory to praxis. | <urn:uuid:db31289b-a60b-4c4c-928f-53952036e856> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://curriculum.llilasbenson.utexas.edu/coursesubject/us-history-pre-1877/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506832.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116165621-20210116195621-00135.warc.gz | en | 0.93122 | 448 | 3.109375 | 3 |
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Closing the gap on Indigenous birth registrations: quantifying Indigenous exclusion project is part of the larger project Closing the gap on Indigenous birth registrations which will investigate the nature and extent of problems faced by Indigenous Australians trying to obtain a birth certificate. The project aims to quantify the number of births not registered from 2000 to 2009 in Victoria, Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia. It will also analyse the length of time between a birth and registration of the birth for Indigenous and non- Indigenous birth registrations.
The project is being undertaken by the University of Melbourne in partnership with Monash University, Onemda VicHealth Koori Health Unit and the Australian Research Council. It will provide state and territory and federal governments with accurate counts of registered and unregistered births in each jurisdiction. It will also will provide the quantitative data to support strategies and policies aimed at improving birth registration among Indigenous people. This information will provide Indigenous communities and their representative bodies with accurate and complete information about the registrations in each of the jurisdictions.
Abstract adapted from Onemda VicHealth Koori Health Unit
Associate Professor Jane Freemantle
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
The University of Melbourne
Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street Vic 3010
Ph: (03) 8344 9164
Ph: (03) 9035 8708
Fax: (03) 8344 0824 | <urn:uuid:74e0a87c-7afd-44d1-a9df-844b58f47426> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/programs-projects?pid=1945 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096780.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00053-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885545 | 281 | 2.796875 | 3 |
יהודה הנשיא – Judah I, HaNasi, “The Prince”, also called Rabbi, Rebbe or Rabbeinu, “The Master Teacher”, and Rabbeinu HaKadosh, “Our Holy Rabbi”. 2nd century Torah scholar and first author of the Mishna.
The greatest scholar of his day, he was revered by his disciples, and was both an outstanding scholar and the foremost political figure of the 2nd century CE. His special status was bolstered by his large personal fortune and his close ties with the Roman rulers. In an act of preservation, Rabbi HaNasi violated the prohibitions against written records of the oral law and began composing a compendium of Torah knowledge. This work remains today second in importance and sanctity only to the Torah: the Mishna. | <urn:uuid:44a15f79-d9ac-43cc-be12-6d2c1d3b2680> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://steinsaltz.org/glossary/rabbeinu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670770.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121101711-20191121125711-00242.warc.gz | en | 0.982408 | 180 | 3.390625 | 3 |
WASHINGTON (AP) -- There is no concussion-proof football helmet, but manufacturers may soon have to meet new testing standards against certain concussion-causing forces - a step in the quest for more protection.
The organization that sets safety standards for athletic equipment was preparing to adopt the testing criteria on Friday.
It's part of a movement to try to make contact sports safer, as concern about concussions is growing. There's even a new smartphone app to help parents and coaches recognize right away if a player may have a brain injury.
Football helmets were designed to protect against catastrophic injuries such as skull fractures and bleeding in the brain, and are considered highly effective at that. They're tested for how they withstand direct blows, so-called linear forces that can make the brain bump back and forth.
The proposed new standard would add an additional test of how helmets perform when an impact also makes a player's head suddenly spin, causing the brain to stretch and twist inside the skull as it changes direction. Scientists call that rotational acceleration, and brain specialists say limiting both kinds of forces is important.
"We're plowing new ground here," Mike Oliver, executive director of the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, told The Associated Press.
The hope is that the standard might eventually spur safer helmet designs.
"I don't believe helmets will ever be the sole solution for concussion," said Dr. Robert Cantu, a Boston University neurologist, a leading sports concussion expert and vice president of the athletic equipment standards committee. But, "it puts us on the road to developing helmets that will lessen the chance for concussion."
Once the standard goes into effect, expected in about a year, it would apply only to new helmets.
"We don't foresee any need to replace all the helmets that exist with new and different helmets," Oliver said. "This is a first step."
Concern about concussions is growing amid headlines about former professional players who suffered long-term impairment after repeated blows to the head. It's not just football; concussions occur in a range of sports, from hockey and lacrosse to soccer and wrestling. Children and teens, with their still developing brains, appear at special risk.
The Institute of Medicine, an independent organization that advises the government, warned last fall that too many young athletes still face a play-at-all-costs culture that discourages reporting the injury and staying on the sidelines until it's healed.
Although millions of U.S. children and teens play school or community sports, it's not clear how many suffer concussions, in part because many go undiagnosed. The Institute of Medicine said 250,000 people 19 and younger were treated in emergency rooms for concussions and other sports- or recreation-related brain injuries in 2009.
"Parents and coaches need to be prepared and educated about what the nature of this injury is," advised neuropsychologist Gerard Gioia of Children's National Medical Center in Washington and medical adviser to USA Football.
The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "heads-up" campaign teaches signs of concussion - which may not appear right away - and what steps to take. Symptoms include confusion, weakness, appearing dazed or stunned, lack of coordination, mood or behavior changes and even a brief loss of consciousness. Recent guidelines say anyone suspected of having a concussion should be taken out of play immediately and not allowed back until cleared by a trained professional.
Gioia helped turn that advice into the "concussion recognition and response" smartphone app to offer guidance on the field.
As for safety gear, last fall's Institute of Medicine report found little scientific evidence that current sports helmet designs reduce the risk of concussion.
Indeed, football helmets have gotten bigger and heavier in recent years but "our concussion problem has not gotten better," said Dave Halstead, a sports biomechanics specialist at the University of Tennessee and the Southern Impact Research Center testing laboratory who advises the athletic equipment standards committee.
To test rotational acceleration, labs will put helmets onto a crash test dummy-like head with a moveable neck. A machine then positions a ram to hit the head from different directions, at different speeds and as if different-sized players were behind the impact.
"It's about time," was the reaction from concussion researcher Steven P. Broglio of the University of Michigan and National Athletic Trainers' Association.
Broglio wasn't involved in the NOCSAE move but compared it to how car-crash ratings focused first on head-on collisions and then on side
"We're adding another layer to get a better understanding of what helmets are capable of," he said.
It's not clear whether helmet changes really will help, cautioned Dr. Thom Mayer, medical director of the NFL Players Association.
But "we're committed to making sure we look at what are the most cutting-edge helmet testing standards available. This is a step in the right direction," he said.
Helmet standards can't affect rotational acceleration caused by strong tackles to the body rather than a hit to the head, Halstead said.
Specialists emphasize other steps, such as teaching players not to lower their heads during a hit, said USA Football's Gioia.
"Helmets are a small part of the efforts that need to be undertaken to protect players against concussion," agreed NOCSAE's Oliver. | <urn:uuid:ad9e8cd8-6800-4728-b25e-c56ad98a4684> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.wcpo.com/news/health/concussion-new-tests-for-helmets-proposed-in-concussion-fight | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737913815.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221833-00213-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962471 | 1,104 | 2.5625 | 3 |
wedge Equally obscure are the reasons for certain idioms being “privileged” and explained twice, e.g., idioms 6, 8, CIDE dispenses with cross references.
(politics) A strategy or pattern of behavior by a politician, political party, or advocacy group which is intended to have a divisive effect on one's political opponents...
Reference idioms wedge politics - - flying cheapAll content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. In the beginning was intelligence, purpose, and wisdom.
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It was later claimed that the controversial campaign strategists Lynton Crosby and Mark Textor had an active role in making the Tampa incident a wedge issue for Howard to exploit. Families: the next wedge One feels that the agenda of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is not protection of the animals but rather wedge politics used to cast doubt on the Bible and its teachings. Write what you mean clearly and correctly. Get the Bible and the Book of Genesis out of the debate because you do not want to raise the so-called Bible-science dichotomy. Obama Now, in order to maintain those profits, they are practicing the worst kind of wedge politics by attempting to pit the interests of school children against those of pre-schoolers. Voting for Jesus: Christianity and Politics in Australia. Innovating Democracy: Democratic Theory and Practice after the Deliberative Turn Repr. Sign up with one click:.
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|Groups public education initiatives awards students action debate hate||472| | <urn:uuid:9e19a416-0b0e-4e81-86d9-5a8a8d67f9c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://wikicensored.info/reference-idioms-wedge-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687702.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921063415-20170921083415-00705.warc.gz | en | 0.89718 | 411 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) is part of the LITMUS (Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings) community. LITMUS includes a battery of tests that were developed in connection with the COST Action IS0804 Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment (2009-2013). Since then, the MAIN network has expanded beyond the LITMUS community of researchers and practitioners. Interdisciplinary teams of theoretical linguists, psycholinguists, psychologists, clinicians, educators, health workers and information technologists are engaged in the MAIN network across countries and continents.
MAIN was first published in 2012/2013. Several years of theory development and material construction preceded this launch. First, models of story organization were evaluated and revised; then the core group of MAIN developers created a multi-dimensional model of story organization. This model was translated into child-appropriate real-life plots, which are also cross-culturally and cross-linguistically robust. The plots were visualized as picture stories and piloted for 15 languages. This entire process was accompanied by the development of elicitation procedures, assessment protocols, scoring guidelines, etc. All this work led to the birth of MAIN, as documented in the Manual, published in ZASPiL 56 in 2012, together with 26 language versions of MAIN.
Three years later, in 2015, first results for 17 languages and 14 different language pairs were published in the volume Assessing Multilingual Children (Multilingual Matters). In 2016, a Special Issue of Applied Psycholinguistics “Narrative abilities in bilingual children” with 7 original research articles presented new results for MAIN.
In 2019, the Revised version in English (as a base for all language adaptations) was published in ZASPiL 63, together with revised versions in German, Russian, Swedish, and Turkish for the bilingual Turkish-Swedish population in Sweden. These revisions were the result of intensive collaboration between Ute Bohnacker’s research group in Uppsala and the Leibniz-ZAS Research Area 2, led by Natalia Gagarina. They worked through 2,500 transcribed oral narrative texts and more than 24,000 responses to MAIN comprehension questions of monolinguals and bilinguals in Sweden, Germany and Russia, in order to improve the guidelines, elicitation and scoring procedures.
In 2020, new language versions and further revised language versions have been launched
Since MAIN was launched, speech-language therapists, other clinicians and educators have been working intensively with the instrument. Recently, MAIN has received recognition by the UNESCO Chair on Language Policies for Multilingualism, by policy makers and by the Senate Health Administration of the Federal State of Berlin, Germany.
Further information on MAIN worldwide network and research can be found on our external website: https://main.leibniz-zas.de/
Links to publications:
|2012||ZASPiL 56: Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives|
|2015||Assessing multilingual children: Disentangling bilingualism from language impairment (Multilingual Matters): Chapter 9 ”Assessment of narrative abilities in bilingual children”|
|2016||Applied Psycholinguistics 37: Narrative abilities in bilingual children|
|2019||ZASPiL 63: MAIN: Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives – Revised|
|2020||ZASPiL 64: New language versions of MAIN: Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives - Revised|
If you want to use MAIN, you must take note and accept the license, citation and copyright rules and register as a user. After that you can download the materials. | <urn:uuid:55db8255-365c-4b38-bf9a-32c06ae6bf8d> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.leibniz-zas.de/de/service-transfer/main | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703517559.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119011203-20210119041203-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.918352 | 778 | 2.5625 | 3 |
This is my 5th year trying implement an effective model of the flipped classroom (Lage, Platt, & Treglia, 2000) in my AP Chemistry class. I say “trying” as that is exactly what the past 5 years can be reduced down to: an attempt. While class-time was opened up for student problem-solving, and the video responses and reflections were amplified via the use of a google form as a tracking device, students seemed to be passively learning the material, at best. For all the benefits of flip teaching with respect to class-time, I now realize the HUGE negative was not flip teaching as a pedagogy, but simply the order of learning activities. Students come to my class with a rich and diverse prior knowledge, derived form 17 years of living “in” the subject. In the previous model, while my focus was on using class-time effectively, I failed at giving my students an opportunity to access their prior knowledge, tackle their misconceptions actively, and work to construct their own meaning FIRST. Derek Muller explains this extremely well in his video Khan Academy and the Effectiveness of Science Videos.
To address this issue, my first step was to RE-ORDER the way my class is structured and give students an opportunity to construct their own ideas and models BEFORE learning anything directly from me. Because, I still passionately believe in the time-shifting benefits of flip teaching (added classroom time, catalog of basics, focus on problem solving, etc.), my goal was to merge inquiry learning with flip teaching to promote knowledge construction, while also opening up class-time by off-loading any aspects of direct instruction as homework via annotated screen casts. I am definitely a rookie in this regard, and given the pace, content, and high stakes nature of an AP Chemistry class, I decided to make a list of all things factual, mechanical, and low level (definitions, equations, few examples, etc.) and create instructional videos around those ideas only. All other forms of learning are incorporated in a Explore-Explain-Apply learning cycle. Because the “explain” portion is off-loaded to the homework setting, I refer to the cycle as Explore-Flip-Apply. Mayer (2004) articulates the goal of this process well: “Students need enough freedom to be cognitively active in the process of sense making, and students need enough guidance so that their cognitive activity results in the construction of useful knowledge.”
Basically, there are still things that I, as the instructor, want control over teaching. I just won’t be using class-time to teach those concepts. I fully accept that this is where the model diverges from a truly strident-driven inquiry learning cycle. Even though I do play an active role in the “flip” phase of the cycle, not front-loading students with content, as I did in the past, but rather giving them at least one opportunity to form their own models first, has felt like an effective merger of both pedagogies… for me. Anecdotally, my students seem to be much more invested in the laboratory activities, and more motivated to apply their knowledge towards complex problem solving given an initial phase of exploration. A student approached me today and I feel his comment sums this process up well. Word-for-word quote: “Mr. M. In all my other classes, we learn all this complicated %&$* first, then do boring labs. In this class, the labs kinda make me think, and then you help me understand during the vids. I guess it helps me understand what my answers mean, or something…” Beyond the Napoleon Dynamite esque lingo lies for me, subtle evidence that I am working towards a model of Flip Teaching that I feel is sustainable, effective, and respects the way my students naturally all “want” to learn. | <urn:uuid:2f587131-2680-4d7d-9df1-bc3f7d1aec78> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://flipteaching.com/explore-flip-apply-introduction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887077.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118071706-20180118091706-00097.warc.gz | en | 0.96274 | 805 | 2.859375 | 3 |
This post was contributed by my colleague Robyn Fieser, the Regional Information Officer for CRS in Latin America and the Caribbean.
– – – – –
Running a 500-acre, organic coffee farm deep in western El Salvador’s mountains has posed plenty of challenges over the years for the 89 members of Las Colinas coffee cooperative. Acquiring the land in 1980 as part of the government’s agrarian reform saddled the group with tremendous debt it still struggles to repay. In 2005, Hurricane Stan and the eruption of Ilamatepec, the country’s highest volcano, conspired to wipe out Las Colinas’ entire harvest. And every year, the rains wash out the dirt road that winds its way through steep hills to the farm, adding more pressure to the annual rush to ready the coffee for export. But all of that wasn’t keeping Pedro Ascencio up at night. What was weighing on Pedro, a cooperative member and the group’s marketing coordinator, was the water.
Las Colinas’ organic farm includes a natural spring that provides water to thousands of neighbors in the nearby town of Tacuba and surrounding communities. In the past, Las Colinas processed the coffee it harvests each season using a traditional depulper, fermentation tanks, and channels to transport the coffee to drying terraces. Processing the coffee left them with an average of about 4,000 cubic meters of wastewater, which was sent to ponds, some of them as deep as 30 meters, to decompose. The awful smell that wafted from the ponds alarmed neighbors. When the pond’s retaining walls occasionally broke, neighbors feared contamination, despite timely repairs the cooperative made.
Health and environment ministries became involved. At their behest, in 2000 Las Colinas hired a consultant who developed a water treatment plan that would cost about $100,000. Despite the cost, Las Colinas committed to implement the plan within 10 years. Even under normal circumstances, coming up with that amount of money would be difficult. Mother Nature made it nearly impossible. Natural disasters, including Hurricane Stan and the 2005 volcanic eruption, decimated the crop for three years. Periodic dips in the price of coffee cut into earnings. Meanwhile, the government continued to fine them for noncompliance. At one point, the cumulative bill was as high as $80,000. Las Colinas could not keep up.
By the time CAFE Livelihoods started working with Las Colinas in 2009, the cooperative was just weeks away from being forcibly shut down.
“Some of us [in leadership positions] felt that fear down to our bones,” said Pedro. “Some people thought [the plan] wasn’t getting done because the people in leadership were just not paying attention and following through. But in reality, it was a question of economics.”
It was the collaboration with CAFE Livelihoods that gave Las Colinas the “boost,” said Pedro, to carry out a plan.
The group designed a wastewater treatment system and bought an eco-pulper, which mechanically removes the mucilage from the coffee cherries and eliminates the need for fermentation tanks. The machines can process 220 pounds of cherries per hour, almost two-thirds more than before, while using only a fraction of the water. Meanwhile, the amount of beans lost during the process has been reduced, saving the cooperative nearly $10,000. The waste is then pumped to new tanks and treated. The solids are separated, dried and then mixed with other materials, including coffee pulp, to make compost. Once the PH is regulated in the water, it is used to irrigate citrus trees that line the steep hills around the farm, shading the coffee and protecting the stream.
Things are far from perfect in Las Colinas. The price of coffee could always dip. Natural disasters won’t stop. And just this past October, torrential rains destroyed crops and again washed out that problematic road. The cooperative’s members still have plenty to keep them up at night. Water isn’t one of them.
– – – – | <urn:uuid:2a30553c-df41-4084-9a2a-8b7c56bac91f> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://coffeelands.crs.org/2011/11/cafe-success-story-water-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221212768.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817182657-20180817202657-00608.warc.gz | en | 0.961961 | 852 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Most significant incident happened when India tested its nuclear device on18 May, 1974.After India’s nuclear test, Pakistan obtained the nuclear technology, expertise and pursued a nuclear program to counter India which has more conventional force than Pakistan.
Pakistan obtained nuclear program because of India, it has not done anything independently but followed India. Pakistan just wanted to secure its borders and deter Indian aggression. It was not and is not interested in any arms race in the region. It is not signatory of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT). Pakistan has not signed NPT and CTBT because India has not signed it. Since acquiring the nuclear weapons, it has rejected to declare No First Use (NFU) in case of war to counter India’s conventional supremacy.
The basic purpose of its nuclear weapons is to deter any aggression against its territorial integrity. Riffat Hussain while discussing Pakistan’s nuclear doctrine argues that it cannot disobey the policy of NFU due to Indian superiority in conventional force and it makes India enable to fight conventional war with full impunity. Pakistan’s nuclear posture is based on minimum credible nuclear deterrence which means that its nuclear weapons have no other role except to counter the aggression from its adversary. It is evident that Pakistan’s nuclear program is Indiacentric.. Owing to the Indian superiority in conventional forces Pakistan nuclear weapons balance the conventional force power percentage between the two states. In November 1999, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Abdul Sattar stated that ‘more is unnecessary while little is enough’.
The National Command Authority (NCA), comprising the Employment Control Committee, Development Control Committee and Strategic Plans Division, is the center point of all decision-making regarding the nuclear issue.According to the security experts first use option involves many serious challenges because it needs robust military intelligence and very effective early warning system. However, Pakistan’s nuclear establishment is concerned about nuclear security of weapons for which it has laid out stringent nuclear security system. Pakistan made a rational decision by conducting five nuclear tests in 1998 to restore the strategic stability in South Asia, otherwise it was not able to counter the threat of India’s superior conventional force.
The NCA of Pakistan (nuclear program policy making body) announced on September 9, 2015 the nation’s resolve to maintain a full spectrum deterrence capability in line with the dictates of ‘credible minimum deterrence’ to deter all forms of aggression, adhering to the policy of avoiding an arms race.”It was the response of Indian offensive Cold Start Doctrine which is about the movement of Indian military forces closer to Pakistan’s border with all vehicles. Pakistan wants to maintain strategic stability in the region and its seeks conflict resolution and peace, but India’s hawkish policies towards Pakistan force it to take more steps to secure its border. Pakistan’s nuclear establishment is very vigorously implementing rational countermeasures to respond to India’s aggression by transforming its nuclear doctrine. It has developed tactical nuclear weapons (short range nuclear missiles) that can be used in the battle field.
Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said in 2013 that Pakistan would continue to obey the policy of minimum credible nuclear deterrence to avoid the arms race in the region. However, it would not remain unaware of the changing security situation in the region and would maintain the capability of full spectrum nuclear deterrence to counter any aggression in the region. Dr. Zafar Jaspal argues in his research that Full credible deterrence does not imply it is a quantitative change in Pakistan’s minimum credible nuclear deterrence, but it is a qualitative response to emerging challenges posed in the region. This proves that Islamabad is not interested in the arms race in the region, but India’s constant military buildup forces Pakistan to convert its nuclear doctrine from minimum to full credible nuclear deterrence.
India’s offensive policies alarm the strategic stability of the region and international community considers that Pakistan’s transformation in nuclear policies would be risky for international security. They have recommended a few suggestions to Pakistan’s nuclear policy making body, but the NCA rejected those mainly because Pakistan is confronting dangerous threats from India and its offensive policies such as the cold start doctrine. Hence no suggestion conflicting with this purpose is acceptable to Pakistan. This is to be made clear at the all national, regional and international platforms that Pakistan is striving hard to maintain the strategic stability while India is only contributing toward instigating the regional arms race.
*** Sonia Naz , Research Associate at Strategic Vision Institute Islamabad | <urn:uuid:deaf54ff-ae56-4d3c-97da-cb6bc6cec1e4> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://www.offnews.info/verArticulo.php?contenidoID=61159 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578613603.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423194825-20190423220825-00013.warc.gz | en | 0.940439 | 932 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Australian-Brazilian researchers have used artificial intelligence to support the instant diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, with an accuracy rate of 98 per cent.
The leading cause of vision loss in adults,1 diabetic retinopathy is growing in prevalence, with 191 million people set to be affected by 2030.2
There are no early stage symptoms and the disease may already be advanced by the time people start losing their sight. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a dramatic difference to how much vision a patient retains.
The researchers, led by RMIT University, developed an image processing algorithm that can automatically detect one of the key signs of the disease – fluid on the retina – with an accuracy rate of 98 per cent.
Lead investigator Professor Dinesh Kant Kumar, RMIT, said the method was instantaneous and cost-effective.
“We know that only half of those with diabetes have regular eye exams and onethird have never been checked,” said Prof Kumar. “But the gold standard methods of diagnosing diabetic retinopathy are invasive or expensive, and often unavailable in remote or developing parts of the world.
“Our AI driven approach delivers results that are just as accurate as clinical scans but relies on retinal images that can be generated with ordinary optometry equipment.
“Making it quicker and cheaper to detect this incurable disease could be life changing for the millions of people who are currently undiagnosed and risk losing their sight.”
Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography scans are currently the most accurate clinical methods for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy.
An alternative and cheaper method is analysing images of the retina that can be taken with the relatively inexpensive fundus cameras, but the process is manual, time consuming and less reliable.
To automate the analysis of fundus images, researchers in the Biosignals Laboratory in the School of Engineering at RMIT, together with collaborators in Brazil, used deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques. The algorithm they developed can accurately and reliably spot the presence of fluid from damaged blood vessels, or exudate, inside the retina.
The researchers hope their method could eventually be used for widespread screening of at risk populations.
“Undiagnosed diabetes is a massive health problem here and around the globe,” said Prof. Kumar.
“For every single person in Australia who knows they have diabetes, another is living with diabetes but isn’t diagnosed. In developing countries, the ratio is one diagnosed to four undiagnosed.
“This results in millions of people developing preventable and treatable complications from diabetes related diseases. With further development, our technology has the potential to reduce that burden.”
The researchers are in discussions with manufacturers of fundus cameras about potential collaborations to advance the technology.
The research, with lead author Parham Khojasteh and collaborators from Federal University of Sao Carlos, Federal Institute of Sao Paolo, University of Campinas and Sao Paolo State University, was published in Computers in Biology and Medicine, January 2019, Volume 104.
- Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss (DOI:10.1186/s40662-015- 0026-2)
- Psychophysical Exams as Early Indicators of Diabetic Retinopathy (DOI:10.17925/EE.2014.10.01.61) | <urn:uuid:57914c93-fb53-4e80-805a-09ef4a8cf8d2> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.mivision.com.au/2019/02/ai-98-per-cent-accurate-for-diabetic-retinopathy-diagnosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540488620.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206122529-20191206150529-00030.warc.gz | en | 0.936268 | 709 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Why does the Church wish us to pray at the third hour?
The question is asked by liturgists of olden times. Their replies are:—
1. to remind us of the hour when our Saviour was condemned (St. Mark, c. 15).
2. to remind us of the hour at which the Holy Ghost descended on the Church.
3. as the Church’s hymn tells us that at this hour of the day when men are engrossed in worldly affairs, they especially need God’s help,
“Come, Holy Ghost,
Who ever One,
Reignest with Father and with Son.
It is the hour, our souls possess
With Thy full flood of holiness.
Let flesh and heart and lips and mind
Sound forth our witness to mankind.
And love light up our mortal frame
Till others catch the living flame,
Now to the Father, to the Son,
And to the Spirit, Three in One,
Be praise and thanks and glory given,
By men on earth, by saints in heaven. Amen.”
Cardinal Newman of St. Ambrose’s
hymn, Nunc sancte).
TEXTS AND INTENTIONS FOR PIOUS RECITATION OF TERCE.
1. “Therefore, Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him.”
2. “And the soldiers plaiting a crown of thorns put it on His head; and they put on Him a purple garment.”
3. “And they came to Him and said, ‘Hail, King of the Jews,’ and they gave Him blows” (St. John).
4. “Jesus, therefore, came forth bearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment, and he (Pilate) sayeth to them ‘Behold the Man!’”
General Intentions. The Pope’s Intentions; the conversion of heretics; the conversion of the Jews.
Personal Intentions. Devotion to the Holy Ghost; devotion to the Passion.
Special Intentions. Vocations in America and Australia; for the Irish people throughout the world; for the souls of our deceased penitents.
Etymology. The word Sext comes from the Latin word sexta, (hora), the sixth hour, because the little Hour should be said at what was the sixth hour of the Roman day, about mid-day with us.
Structure. The structure of this hour is similar to that given in Terce above, the hymn, antiphon, psalms, little chapter and responses differing, but the order and form being similar in both.
Antiquity. The Psalmist wrote, “Vespere et mane et meridie narrabo et annuntiabo, et exaudiet vocem meam” (Ps. 54). This practice of devout Jews was maintained by the early Christians and in the Acts of the Apostles we read, “Ascendit Petrus in superiora ut oraret circam horam sextam” (Acts x, 9). At this hour, the Christians met for public, joint prayer.
Why does the Church wish us to pray at the sixth hour of the day? | <urn:uuid:e1bfe809-1099-40e0-9f77-d1a3373bf3a0> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/10058/107.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438043062723.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002422-00122-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912331 | 702 | 2.78125 | 3 |
This is part 3 in our Eric Carle Series!
The Mixed Up Chameleon is the craziest and silliest book with a sweet message about being happy with how you were created. We enjoy reading it and my children love how colorful and wacky the animals are!
Here are many activities and printable worksheets you can use to turn this sweet, story book into an educational unit study:
Mixed Up Chameleon Lesson Plans and Unit Study
Comprehension, Vocabulary and Word Work
Foldable Books, Graphic Organizers, Spelling and Vocab Units
Vocabulary Word Search
Lots of Spelling and Vocabulary Worksheets
Lesson Plans on Texture and Camoflauge
Lots of Printables and Worksheets
Fun Chameleon Transparency SheetActivity
How to Draw Cartoon Chameleons Step by Step
Letter C Chameleon Craft
Lessons Plans and Printables
Template for Colorful Tissue Paper Chameleon
Chameleon Toilet Paper Roll Craft
Color Changing Playdoh Activity
Comprehension Printable Test
Ideas for Using the Mixed Up Chameleon in Your School Room
The Mixed Up Chameleon Animated Story Video
You can buy The Mixed-Up Chameleon Board Book on Amazon for 25% off!
The Mixed-Up Chameleon Board Book Was
Check out our other posts in the Eric Carle Book Series:
Sarah is a wife, daughter of the King and Mama to 4 children (one who is a homeschool graduate)! She is a an eclectic, Charlotte Mason style homeschooler that has been homeschooling for over 16 years now. She is still trying to find the balance between work and keeping a home and says she can only do it by the Grace of God, and Coffee! | <urn:uuid:97f0bfd0-0db0-4608-a823-1a752a608820> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://homeschoolgiveaways.com/2013/10/the-mixed-up-chameleon-printables-activities-and-craft-ideas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304515.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220124054039-20220124084039-00126.warc.gz | en | 0.896076 | 388 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A European survey commissioned by McAfee has revealed an alarming disconnect between what teens are getting up to online, and what parents are aware of. Many UK teens are accessing inappropriate content online, despite two thirds of teenagers saying they felt trusted by their parents to do what’s right when surfing the web.
Almost a third of UK parents (32%) live under the assumption that their teen tells them everything they do on the internet, and 59% of parents trust their teen to not access inappropriate content online.
However, this disconnect is leading to many teens undertaking questionable, dangerous and even illegal activity:
- 30.5% of teens admitted visiting websites their parents would disapprove of
- 31% of teens intentionally viewed a video of something they knew their parents wouldn’t approve of
- 25% of teens are intentionally searching for nude images or pornography online – with over half (54%) viewing these images up to a few times a month – the highest in Europe
- 19% of teens admitted to purchasing pirated music online and 6% shockingly said they had purchased alcohol or drugs over the internet
- 13% of teens said they had actually met up with someone they had met online.
50% of parents expressed confidence they know how to find out what their child was doing online, however only one fifth of teens said they didn’t know how to hide their behaviour from their parents (the lowest figure in Europe).
The European research discovered a majority of teens are taking a number of steps to hide their online behaviour:
- 47.5% of teens minimise the browser when a parent enters the room
- 38.8% clear their browser history
- 28% hide / delete inappropriate video content
- 17.7% of teens have created a private email address unknown to their parents.
Parental monitoring and involvement
Only 12% of British parents claimed to have had a conversation with their teen about being safe online, but, more worryingly, 28.5% have done nothing to monitor their teen’s online behaviour at all (compared to a European average of 17.6%). Of the parents that have put controls in place:
- Less than a third of parents have set controls on their teen’s mobile device
- 12% know their teen’s mobile device password
- 11.5% made their teen give them the password to their email or social media account
- Only 3% set parental controls on their home computer.
Just over one in five parents (21.5%) admit that their teen is more tech-savvy than them and they’ll never be able to keep up with their online behaviours. Highlighting this point is the fact that 11% of teens admitted to disabling parental controls on their devices.
Disconnect around online dangers
Despite the much-publicised dangers associated with data and identity theft, many teens aren’t concerned about posting personal details online. More worryingly still, most parents also don’t realise the dangerous implications of this information being placed online for all to see:
- 29% of teens are unconcerned about posting their email address online, with nearly a quarter of parents seeing no harm in the action
- 36% of teens and 29% of parents said they were unconcerned about posting IM usernames online
- Nearly four in ten teens (37.5%) said they were unconcerned about posting a photo of themselves online and 36% said they saw no harm in posting up a description of what they looked like
- Nearly one in five teens thought posting intimate personal details of themselves wasn’t a risk, with even more parents unconcerned about the action (21.5%)
- Most disturbingly, 16% of teens wouldn’t think twice about posting details of a place and time they were meeting someone. 17% of adults were unconcerned with this action.
“We believe the data will come as quite a shock to some parents, and we hope it will encourage them to take immediate action to protect their children,” said Raj Samani, EMEA CTO at McAfee. “It is clear that a huge gap exists between what teens are doing online, and what parents are aware of. Parents must take an active role to ensure their teens are practicing safe online behaviour.”
- Parents should have frequent one-to-one conversations with teens to get through to them about the choices they’re making online and the risks and consequences of their actions
- Parents must also be diligent about setting up parental controls, which includes keeping a watchful eye to know if / when teens discover ways around them
- Parents should be upfront with teens about monitors and controls implemented on their internet devices, as many teens would think twice about their online activities if they knew parents were watching.
“Having grown up in the online world, teens are often more online savvy than their parents, making it difficult for parents to provide the necessary guidance, and therefore, reinforcing teens’ online vulnerability,” continued Samani. “But parents cannot give up – they must challenge themselves to become familiar with the complexities of the online universe and educate themselves about the various threats that await their teens online.” | <urn:uuid:76b1d316-9a22-4151-96a2-9fa2a40b7470> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2012/11/19/how-teens-hide-their-online-activity/?responsive=off | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813883.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222022059-20180222042059-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.971014 | 1,073 | 2.625 | 3 |
In the figure on the right, a 40.0g mass on a spring with spring
constant 26N/m is stretched 3.2cm to the right and released.
a) What is the speed of the mass when it is halfway to the equilibrium position
b) One minute after being released, the mass only stretches a maximum distance of 1.0cm to the right. Find the damping constant for this oscillator. | <urn:uuid:7852fd58-f72c-40e6-be63-c7cecc8b8ef3> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/figure-right-400g-mass-spring-spring-constant-26n-m-stretched-32cm-right-released-speed-ma-q1957481 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982976017.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200936-00063-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867233 | 90 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Tragically, reports of elder abuse have become increasingly common. We hear about elder abuse on the news, and in conversations with family, friends and co-workers. This two part blog series is designed to provide a brief overview as to what elder abuse is.
California has created laws specifically designed to protect the elderly and dependent adults. To be considered an “elder” for purposes of these elder abuse statutes, a person must be 65 years of age or older. In addition, certain vulnerable persons aged 18 to 64 are considered “dependent adults” that qualify for the protection given to elders under the elder abuse statutes. California law identifies elder abuse in three major categories: 1) physical elder abuse, 2) emotional elder abuse, and 3) financial elder abuse.
Physical Elder Abuse
Physical elder abuse can occur when an elder or dependent adult suffers physical harm at the hands of the abuser. Physical elder abuse is more expansive than physical violence; physical elder abuse can also encompass situations where certain persons neglect or fail to help an elder or dependent adult. For example, someone who fails to provide necessary care, food, clothing, medication, or shelter that results in physical harm to an elder or dependent adult may be found liable for physical elder abuse.
Emotional Elder Abuse
Emotional elder abuse can occur when an elder or dependent adult is isolated or confined. Many elder abusers isolate victims from their family, friends, pets, or personal items. In many situations victims can be confined or locked in a room. Emotional elder abuse can also occur by way of threats, bullying, or intimidation.
Emotional elder abuse, and specifically isolation, is usually an early warning sign that financial elder abuse is occurring, or about to occur. A common form of emotional elder abuse occurs when an abuser withholds emotional support, often because the abuser is trying to get money or property from the elder or dependent adult. Many abusers initially befriend an elder or dependent adult in a disarming social setting, such as at church or a dinner event, then proceed to meet with the elder or dependent adult alone, usually at the elder’s home, work to isolate the elder or dependent adult from his/her friends and family, and after a personal relationship is established, perpetrate financial elder abuse.
In part two of this blog series, we’ll discuss financial elder abuse, remedies that are available to elder abuse victims, and provide some links to useful elder abuse prevention resources available to the public. | <urn:uuid:e577279b-b5d2-48bb-bd9d-86459308329b> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://demirismoore.com/blog/2013/6/30/identifying-elder-abuse-part-1-overview-and-abuse-to-the-body-and-mind | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863626.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180520151124-20180520171124-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.934513 | 503 | 2.625 | 3 |
Pinacate Science Department We, the science teachers at Pinacate Middle School, work enthusiastically and collaboratively to prepare our students to compete in a global society. Our students are the central focus of our department. The department’s goal is to empower our students to develop: inquiry oriented activities, critical thinking, literacy in scientific language and tools. Mission: To use research based pedagogical methodology and implement hands-on learning utilizing AVID and STEM techniques and strategies. To provide students with a challenging learning environment focused on science, engineering, and mathematics as it relates to science. To inspire joy at the opportunity of achieving discovery, and fostering a culture of innovation. | <urn:uuid:8ec2ee25-b55e-4ce1-9078-c927c26bc15b> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.pms.puhsd.org/4/Content2/science | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738603.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810012015-20200810042015-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.923519 | 135 | 2.984375 | 3 |
|Senita Cactus, Pachycereus schottii. Photo Taken February 17, 2006.|
|Senita Cactus||Pachycereus schottii|
We wish to thank Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia for some of the information on this page. We share images and information with Wikipedia.
Columnar, basally branching, slow growing up to 12 feet tall. Stems 4 to 8 inches in diameter; 5 to 10 ribs; areoles on the bottom part of the stems are woolly, oval, 1/8 to 1/4 inch wide, with one to 15 spines, 1/16 to 1/3 inch long; upper areoles 1/3 to 6/10 inch wide, 20 to 75 spines , 1 1/4 to 4 inches long.
Very attractive for landscape use. It is also less frost resistant, and should be protected below 25°F
The senita blooms at night at the end of the spring in the 'hairy' part of the stems. The flowers are light pink, up to 1 2/3 inches in diameter. They close around mid-morning. The Senita blooms most of the year, mainly from April to September. The edible fruit is red, with a red pulp.
Can be seen in its native habitat growing at the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, AZ.
Height: Height to about 12 feet. Spreading to about 8 feet.
Flowers: Light pink, up to 1 2/3 inches in diameter.
Fruit: Red, with a red pulp.
Blooming Time: April - September.
Stems: Green stems are slim, lightly pruinose with broad rounded protuberances roughly branched and poorly defined. The areoles are few and insignificant.
Found: Native to Mexico in Baja California (Norte), Baja California Sur, & Sonora. Also in the southern part of Arizona. The USDA claims it is native to the USA (AZ). In La Paz, & Pima Counties.
Elevation: 0 - 4,800 feet. In native areas.
Hardiness: Zone 8b is too cold in most of Arizona, except for southern Arizona. Only Hardy to 18°F. Most growers protect in winter with foam plastic cups on the tips.
Soil pH requirements:
Habitat: Lower elevations sandy flats. It grows well in sand, sandy loam. It needs good drainage and aeration. Common xeriscape landscape plant in Arizona.
Miscellaneous: Maintenance: Low. Photos Taken At The Glendale Arizona Xeriscape Demonstration Garden, February 17, 2006.
|© 1966 - Present, Audrey, Eve, & George DeLange| | <urn:uuid:4ce3ba95-a9c4-4052-bc60-24d09aeb0052> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.delange.org/CactusSenita/CactusSenita.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543567.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00279-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864795 | 571 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Introduction to Mass Spectrometry
In “Calculating Protein Mass”, we briefly mentioned an analytic chemical method called mass spectrometry, which aims to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of a particle or a molecule. In a mass spectrometer, a sample is vaporized (turned into gas), and then particles from the sample are ionized. The resulting ions are placed into an electromagnetic field, which separates them based on their charge and mass. The output of the mass spectrometer is a mass spectrum, or a plot of ions' possible mass-to-charge ratio values with the intensity (actual observed frequency) of ions having these mass-to-charge values.
For the moment, we will ignore charge and consider a list of the ions' monoisotopic masses as a simplified spectrum. Researchers do not possess cheap technology to go in and examine a protein one amino acid at a time (molecules are too submicroscopic). Instead, to determine a protein's structure, we will split several copies of the protein into smaller pieces, then weigh the resulting fragments. To do this, we assume that each cut (breakage point) occurs between two amino acids and that we can measure the mass of the resulting pieces for all possible cuts.
For example, the (unknown) protein "PRTEIN" can be cut in five possible ways: "P" and "RTEIN"; "PR" and "TEIN"; "PRT" and "EIN"; "PRTE" and "IN"; "PRTEI" and "N". We then can measure the masses of all fragments, including the entire string. The "left" end of a protein is called its N-terminus, and the ions corresponding to the protein string's prefixes (P, PR, PRT, PRTE, PRTEI) are called b-ions. The "right" end of the protein is called its C-terminus, and the ions corresponding to the string's suffixes (N, IN, EIN, TEIN, RTEIN) are called y-ions. The difference in the masses of two adjacent b-ions (or y-ions) gives the mass of one amino acid residue; for example, the difference between the masses of "PRT" and "PR" must be the mass of "T." By extension, knowing the masses of every b-ion of a protein allows us to deduce the protein's identity.
Given: A list
Return: A protein string of length
3524.8542 3710.9335 3841.974 3970.0326 4057.0646 | <urn:uuid:f257735e-4485-4c43-9cce-38a48761321c> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://rosalind.info/problems/spec/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886865.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705023910-20200705053910-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.916655 | 550 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Despite the name, these objects have nothing in common with planets. However, they seem to represent the likely final phase of the Sun's existence as a star. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 planetary nebulae in the Milky Way, our galaxy, so they are a relatively common, although short phase (approximately 25,000 years) of the stellar life cycle.
Planetary nebulae form when a star can no longer support itself by fusion reactions in its center. The gravity from the material in the outer part of the star takes its inevitable toll on the structure of the star, and forces the inner parts to condense and heat up. The high temperature central regions drive the outer half of the star away in a brisk stellar wind, lasting a few thousand years. When the process is complete, the remaining core remnant is uncovered and heats the now distant gases and causes them to glow, forming the nebulae we can observe. | <urn:uuid:ddaeabb4-5af4-4069-aa09-783fcb2ea694> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://everything2.com/title/planetary+nebula | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783393332.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154953-00061-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950222 | 192 | 3.921875 | 4 |
PUBL 524 is a dynamic and comprehensive course that delves into the intricacies of public relations and its significant role in today’s ever-evolving communication landscape. This course combines theory and practical application to equip students with the essential skills necessary for effective strategic communication and reputation management. Through an exploration of key concepts, case studies, and real-world examples, PUBL 524 provides a solid foundation for students aspiring to excel in the field of public relations.
Government policy refers to the set of principles and guidelines adopted by a governing body or administration to guide its actions and decision-making processes. It encompasses the rules, regulations, and strategies developed by the government to achieve specific objectives and address societal issues.
Government policies can cover a wide range of areas, including economic, social, environmental, and foreign affairs. These policies are formulated based on considerations of public interest, national priorities, and the needs of the society as a whole.
Government policies play a crucial role in shaping the direction and functioning of a country. They provide a framework for governance, establish standards and regulations, allocate resources, and influence the behavior of individuals, businesses, and organizations within the jurisdiction.
Policy development involves extensive research, analysis, consultation with stakeholders, and consideration of various factors, such as economic feasibility, social impact, and political implications. The process aims to ensure that policies are evidence-based, effective, and aligned with the government’s objectives.
Examples of government policies include fiscal policies that govern taxation and public spending, monetary policies that regulate the money supply and interest rates, education policies that shape the curriculum and funding for schools, healthcare policies that define access to medical services, and environmental policies that promote sustainability and protect natural resources.
Government policies are subject to revision and modification over time, reflecting changing circumstances, evolving societal needs, and new challenges. Regular evaluation and adaptation of policies are essential to ensure their relevance and effectiveness in addressing the needs of the population and achieving desired outcomes.
Political Science: Understanding the Dynamics of Power and Governance
Political science is a field of study that explores the theory and practice of politics, governance, and power. It seeks to understand how individuals, groups, and institutions shape and influence political processes at local, national, and international levels.
In political science, scholars examine various aspects of politics, including political behavior, institutions, ideologies, public policy, and international relations. They analyze the distribution of power, the formation of governments, and the decision-making processes that impact societies.
The discipline of political science encompasses several subfields, such as comparative politics, international relations, political theory, public administration, and public policy. Comparative politics involves the study of different political systems and their similarities and differences. International relations focuses on interactions between nations and global issues, including diplomacy, conflict, and cooperation.
Political theory delves into the ideas and concepts underlying political systems, exploring theories of justice, democracy, and freedom. Public administration examines the functioning of government institutions and their role in implementing policies. Public policy analyzes the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of government decisions that affect society.
Political scientists employ various research methods, including statistical analysis, case studies, surveys, and theoretical frameworks, to investigate political phenomena. Their findings contribute to our understanding of political dynamics, inform policymaking, and help address societal challenges.
Studying political science equips individuals with critical thinking, analytical skills, and an understanding of power dynamics, which are valuable in careers such as government, public service, law, journalism, international organizations, research, and academia.
- Key Concepts:
- Power: The ability to influence or control the behavior of others and shape political outcomes.
- Governance: The exercise of authority and management of public affairs by governments or other organizations.
- Political Behavior: Actions, attitudes, and beliefs exhibited by individuals or groups in the political sphere.
- Institutions: Formal and informal structures that govern political processes and shape behavior.
- Ideologies: Sets of ideas, values, and beliefs that guide political actions and policies.
- Public Policy: Government decisions and actions aimed at addressing societal issues and achieving specific goals.
- International Relations: Interactions between nations, including diplomacy, trade, conflicts, and cooperation.
Public Sector Management
Public sector management refers to the practice of overseeing and administering the operations of government organizations and agencies. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling various activities within the public sector to ensure effective delivery of public services.
In public sector management, emphasis is placed on accountability, efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to the needs of the general public. The goal is to enhance the performance and productivity of public sector entities while promoting good governance practices.
Key components of public sector management include:
- Policy Development: Formulating policies and strategies to achieve goals and objectives set by the government.
- Financial Management: Managing budgeting, revenue generation, expenditure control, and financial reporting within government organizations.
- Human Resource Management: Recruiting, training, and developing a skilled workforce for efficient service delivery.
- Performance Monitoring: Assessing and evaluating the performance of government programs and projects to ensure their effectiveness.
- Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging with citizens, interest groups, and other stakeholders to solicit their input and address their concerns.
Effective public sector management is crucial for promoting economic growth, social welfare, and sustainable development. It plays a vital role in shaping public policies, implementing initiatives, and ensuring the equitable distribution of resources.
Overall, public sector management aims to optimize the use of public resources, enhance organizational efficiency, and foster public trust by delivering quality services and fostering good governance principles.
Public Policy Analysis: An Overview
Public policy analysis is a systematic examination of governmental policies to understand their underlying goals, impacts, and effectiveness. It involves evaluating the development, implementation, and outcomes of policies to inform decision-making processes.
The key components of public policy analysis include:
- Policy formulation: This stage involves identifying societal issues, setting policy goals, and developing strategies to address them.
- Policy implementation: Once policies are formulated, they need to be put into practice through various programs, regulations, and actions.
- Policy evaluation: Evaluating policies helps assess their success in achieving desired outcomes and identify areas for improvement.
Policy analysts employ a range of analytical methods, including data collection, statistical analysis, qualitative research, and cost-benefit analysis. They also consider political, economic, social, and environmental factors that can influence policy outcomes.
By conducting policy analysis, governments, organizations, and stakeholders can make informed decisions based on evidence and maximize the positive impacts of policies while minimizing potential negative consequences. It helps identify potential unintended consequences, evaluate alternative policy options, and enhance accountability and transparency in governance.
Overall, public policy analysis plays a critical role in shaping effective policies and improving societal well-being by providing a rigorous and systematic approach to understanding, evaluating, and guiding policy decisions.
Public Service: Serving the Community with Dedication and Impact
Public service refers to the activities and initiatives undertaken by individuals or organizations on behalf of the government or the community at large. It plays a crucial role in upholding the welfare and well-being of society, aiming to address various needs and promote the common good.
In this noble endeavor, public servants work tirelessly to provide essential services, enforce laws, ensure public safety, and administer government programs. They serve in diverse sectors such as healthcare, education, transportation, law enforcement, social services, and more.
The foundation of public service lies in the principles of accountability, transparency, and responsiveness. Public servants are entrusted with the responsibility of efficiently managing public resources, making informed decisions, and implementing policies that positively impact citizens’ lives.
One key aspect of public service is fostering citizen engagement and participation. Through open dialogue and collaboration, public servants seek to understand community needs, gather feedback, and involve citizens in decision-making processes. This inclusive approach helps ensure that policies and services align with the aspirations and priorities of the people they serve.
Another significant facet of public service is promoting fairness and equality. Public servants strive to create an inclusive society where all individuals have equal access to opportunities, resources, and services, regardless of their background, socio-economic status, or other characteristics. They work to bridge gaps, reduce disparities, and promote social justice.
Public service also encompasses disaster response and emergency management. During times of crises, public servants mobilize resources, coordinate relief efforts, and provide support to those affected. Their dedication and expertise play a vital role in mitigating the impact of disasters and facilitating recovery.
Furthermore, public service extends beyond national boundaries. International organizations and agencies work collaboratively to address global challenges, such as poverty, climate change, and public health crises. Public servants at these organizations contribute their skills, knowledge, and expertise to improve conditions worldwide.
Public Administration Jobs
Public administration jobs refer to employment opportunities within government agencies, non-profit organizations, and other public sector entities. These positions involve managing and overseeing various administrative tasks and programs that serve the public interest.
Public administrators play a crucial role in developing and implementing policies, coordinating resources, and ensuring efficient delivery of public services. They work at different levels of government, including local, state, and federal, as well as in international organizations.
Some common job titles in public administration include:
- Government Administrator: Responsible for managing and overseeing operations within government departments or agencies.
- Policy Analyst: Involved in researching, analyzing, and developing policies to address public issues and challenges.
- Program Manager: Responsible for planning, implementing, and evaluating specific programs or projects aimed at meeting public needs.
- Budget Analyst: Involved in budget planning, monitoring, and financial management within government organizations.
- Community Development Specialist: Engaged in improving the quality of life in communities through initiatives such as infrastructure development, social programs, and economic revitalization.
Public administration jobs often require strong organizational, analytical, and leadership skills. Professionals in this field should have a solid understanding of public policy, government processes, and regulations. Effective communication and problem-solving abilities are also crucial in addressing complex public issues.
Career opportunities in public administration can be found in various sectors, such as healthcare, education, transportation, environmental protection, and social services. These jobs offer a chance to contribute to the well-being of society and make a positive impact on communities.
Public Administration Salary
In the field of public administration, salaries vary depending on various factors such as job position, experience, education level, and geographical location. Public administration encompasses a wide range of careers in governmental organizations and agencies at different levels, including local, state, and federal.
Professionals in public administration can work in areas such as policy analysis, budgeting, program management, public finance, human resources, and more. The salaries within these roles can differ significantly.
The salary ranges for public administration positions are typically determined by job classifications and pay scales established by each specific government agency or organization. These pay scales often consider factors like job responsibilities, complexity, and required qualifications.
Higher-level positions in public administration, such as executive director or department head, generally command higher salaries compared to entry-level or administrative support roles. Additionally, individuals with advanced degrees, such as a Master’s in Public Administration (MPA) or relevant certifications, may have better earning potential.
Geographical location also plays a significant role in public administration salaries. Salaries can vary between different states or regions due to differences in living costs and budgetary constraints.
It’s important to note that public administration careers often come with other benefits beyond the base salary. These may include health insurance, retirement plans, paid leave, and professional development opportunities.
Overall, public administration salaries can range from modest to competitive, reflecting the diverse nature of roles and responsibilities within this field.
Public Administration Degree
Public administration is a field of study that focuses on the management and implementation of government policies and programs. A public administration degree equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to work in various roles within the public sector.
Public administration programs typically cover subjects such as public policy analysis, budgeting and finance, organizational behavior, public law, ethics, and leadership. These programs aim to develop professionals who can effectively address the complex challenges faced by governments at local, national, and international levels.
Graduates with a public administration degree can pursue careers in government agencies, non-profit organizations, healthcare administration, urban planning, and public policy research. They may work as public administrators, program analysts, city managers, policy advisors, or consultants.
Having a public administration degree offers numerous advantages. It provides a solid foundation in understanding how government entities operate, enabling graduates to contribute to the development and improvement of public policies. The degree also emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills, which are essential for effective leadership in the public sector.
Furthermore, public administration professionals play a vital role in shaping and implementing policies that impact communities and society as a whole. They work towards enhancing public services, promoting transparency and accountability, and ensuring efficient resource allocation.
Public Administration Careers
Public administration careers encompass a wide range of professional opportunities within the public sector. As a profession dedicated to serving the public interest, individuals in public administration play a crucial role in the operation and management of governmental organizations at various levels.
One of the key aspects of public administration careers is the implementation and execution of policies and programs designed to address societal needs. Professionals in this field work in areas such as policy analysis, budgeting, human resources, and public service delivery.
A career in public administration offers diverse job prospects across different sectors, including government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and international institutions. Government positions can be found at the local, state, and federal levels, with roles ranging from administrative assistants to high-ranking officials.
Public administrators are responsible for overseeing the efficient allocation of resources, ensuring transparency and accountability, and making decisions that positively impact communities. They often collaborate with stakeholders, engage in public engagement initiatives, and strive to improve the quality and accessibility of public services.
Professionals in public administration should possess strong analytical, problem-solving, and communication skills. They must have a deep understanding of policy frameworks, legal regulations, and ethical considerations in order to make informed decisions in complex situations. | <urn:uuid:eb5ade3c-c568-4800-8532-142890e509ca> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.lfdtrade.com/publ-524/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510387.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928095004-20230928125004-00043.warc.gz | en | 0.922401 | 2,927 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The LS5A from M-OV was a dull emitter valve designed for audio amplification. The LS series were much used by the Post Office for telephone repeater amplifiers. See POVT25.
The LS5A was introduced in 1924 and has a lower impedance than the original LS5, and so could produce more output power. Later versions of the LS5A moved to a Bakelite base with the seal concealed within.
The anode is oval and the grid is flattened within it. The filament is an inverted V and was carbonised to reduce the effects of gas contamination. Some dull emitters had a thoriated tungsten filament, but the carburised filament achieved a long life, the downside was its mechanical fragility.
In the mid 1920s the term 'dull emitter' was often used to cover a variety of production processes, all of which produced low temperature, hence dull, emission surfaces.
The balloon envelope is 53 mm in diameter and, excluding the B4 base pins, is 111 mm tall.
References: Data-sheet & 1005. Type LS5A was first introduced in 1924. See also 1924 adverts. | <urn:uuid:19d2d7b7-4bc9-44ab-82ff-a8c13fa21824> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | http://r-type.org/exhib/aae0003.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644683.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529042138-20230529072138-00743.warc.gz | en | 0.971211 | 240 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Lymphomas, in general, are defined as a group of malignant tumours originating from lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues including tonsil, spleen, bone marrow etc. They rarely disseminate through lymphatics and primarily affect organs like the brain, stomach, lungs and the bones. Lymphomas are basically are malignant tumours of the immune system. Lymphomas are broadly divided into Hodgkin's (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) and treated as two different entities with unique etiopathogenesis and treatment modalities.
The incidence of lymphomas in India is 0.84-1.39 cases per 100,000 people and is generally considered to be lower than that seen in the west and countries like Japan. 50% of these cases occur in people between ages 20- 40 years and so it is considered to be a disease affecting the younger segment of the population. NHL constitutes at least 90 % of the cases.
However, there are some types of lymphomas like Follicular lymphoma which are more often seen in the elderly - those above the age of 60. Additionally, some like Burkits lymphoma and Lymhoblastic lymphoma are seen predominantly in children. Interestingly Hodgkin's lymphomas have a bimodal peak seen in very young as well as the elderly.
As far as causative factors of lymphomas are considered it is multifactorial including some of viruses and immunodeficiency states. Typically, Epstein Barr virus is considered to be associated with Burkits lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Some Bacteriae like H pylori infections are usually associated with MALT lymphomas affecting the stomach. The immunodeficiency state of the patient is also an important factor. For example, Primary CNS lymphoma is seen mostly in patients with HIV infections.
Lymphomas are classified as per the 2016 revision of WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Therefore, lymphomas may be classified based on cell size (large/small), nodal architecture (follicular v/s diffuse), aggressive v/s indolent etc.
The most common NHL diagnosis includes Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphomas, Mantle cell lymphoma etc. Hodgkin's lymphoma classification includes Classical HD and Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant HD. To ascertain the exact subtype of lymphoma is of paramount importance in further staging workup and treatment planning.
Lymphomas present with variable signs and symptoms based on the site involved and extent of the disease. This includes Lymph node swelling, backache, unexplained fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss. Diagnostic and staging investigations include an intact lymph node biopsy with special lab studies called Immuno histochemistry studies (IHC) and in most cases, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy study. Whole body PET CT scan has become the standard staging investigation in the majority of the lymphomas.
Staging of lymphomas help in ascertaining stages I to IV, based on the involvement of lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm and presence or absence of involvement of bone marrow and organs like liver and lung.
Accurate staging is again mandatory for planning the right type and duration of treatment. Risk stratification scoring using few prognostic factors like age sex are also important.
This also helps in prognosticating the low-risk group whose curative rates are as high as 90 %, to high-risk subsets which require aggressive treatment modalities and the results are typically around 40 %.
Treatment modalities include Conventional Combination Cytotoxic chemotherapy which will kill cancer cells as well as normal cells and newer targeted therapy like Monoclonal Antibodies against CD 20 Antigen known as Rituximab which will target only the cancer cells. Rituximab in combination with CHOP based chemotherapy is the standard of care in DLBCL. Treatment agents and duration depend on age, stage, comorbid conditions of the patient like diabetes, hypertension etc.
Aggressive lymphomas are treated with intensive combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Milder therapies are generally used for indolent lymphomas. A majority of lymphomas are curable with current treatment strategies. Usually, an end of treatment whole-body PET scan is done to document the complete disappearance of the disease.
Other novel treatment strategies like stem cell transplantation, Novel Agents Antibody Drug Conjugates like Brentuximab. Immunotherapies like anti PD 1 monoclonal antibodies such as Nivolumab are approved for use in relapsed and refractory lymphomas. Cure is possible in a significant subset of patients whose disease has come back after standard treatment strategies.
In summary, recent advances in diagnostics and treatment strategies in the field of lymphomas have made it one of the highly curable malignancies, thereby providing new hope for patients.
February 4th is being observed as World Cancer Day. The theme for this year is "I am and I will". This is an appropriate time to start spreading awareness of the importance of early diagnosis and screening for cancers. Cancer, if detected early is curable. | <urn:uuid:2ca593a7-374a-49c6-aef5-ef92a2e86ba2> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.kauveryhospital.com/News_Events/February_Lymphomas_an_Overview | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987795403.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022004128-20191022031628-00453.warc.gz | en | 0.937295 | 1,073 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Ensuring the Independence of Scientific Advisory Committees
The Federal Advisory Committee Act became law in 1972 to ensure, among other goals, that the nation has access to the best objective scientific advice. Unfortunately, the integrity of many scientific advisory committees has been compromised in recent years. Officials have tampered with the panel selection process by subjecting nominees to political litmus tests that have no bearing on their expertise, and scientists with obvious financial ties to industries or products that are the subject of the committee's deliberations have been allowed to sit on and dominate certain panels.
Why it Matters:
The scientific experts who advise the government should reflect the best minds in America possessing comprehensive, unbiased, and up-to-date knowledge to inform Congress and federal agencies. Public policies that harm the public health and safety can result when federal agencies don’t have access to unbiased scientific advice.
In 2002, the CDC Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention was preparing to recommend whether the federal standard on lead poisoning should be revised. The stakes for this panel’s decision were high: Millions of the nation's children, and their parents, depend on lead poisoning policies based on the best available scientific evidence and technical information. Just a few weeks before the committee's scheduled meeting, two scientists with clear ties to the lead industry were appointed to the committee. The Lead Industries Association had retained Dr. William Banner, a toxicologist, as an expert witness in an ongoing legal case between the State of Rhode Island and the lead paint industry. Dr. Kimberly Thompson, an assistant professor of risk analysis and decision science at the Harvard School of Public Health, had received funding from at least 22 groups with financial interests in the deliberations of the CDC panel. In 2004, while admitting that “lead in the body at any level is not good,” the committee recommended that the CDC keep the lead standard where it was, not lower it.
Strengthening the scientific advisory system should be a priority for the administration and for Congress.
- Congress should enact legislation to reform the Federal Advisory Committee Act. These reforms should give the public more information about the qualifications of advisory panel members, ban any political litmus tests for members, and ensure that any conflicts of interest among members are disclosed.
- For committees whose mission is purely to provide objective scientific advice (as opposed to committees designed to gather input from stakeholders), committee members should be free of financial conflicts of interest.
- If scientists and researchers with conflicts of interest are granted a waiver to serve on advisory committee because the agency believes that the benefit of their service outweighs the conflict, the existence of the conflict and the waiver document should both be made public.
- Scientists who have taken public positions on issues should not be excluded from an advisory committee because of concerns about bias. Having a point of view does not preclude an objective assessment of the information presented to a committee. A scientist’s membership in a scientific association should not be considered evidence of bias, even if that association has a stated policy agenda.
- Agencies should take concrete steps to ensure that inappropriate criteria such as party affiliation and political opinions are never a part of the process for selecting members of scientific committees. Agencies should select members of advisory committees based solely on their experience and technical qualifications in the topic the committees will address.
- Agencies should ensure the process for selecting advisory committee members is transparent by instituting the following reforms:
- Agencies should publicly announce their intent to form a new scientific advisory committee, or to select a new member for an existing committee.
- Agencies should publish criteria for selecting committee members and should solicit nominations for committee membership.
- Agencies should call for public comment on the charge to the committee.
- After the selection process is complete, the agency should make basic information on committee members easily available to the public. This information should describe each member’s qualifications and background, and disclose past employers and funding sources.
- Agencies should specify which advisory committees are expressly scientific and which are designed to gather stakeholder input.
- Agencies should track the work of their scientific advisory committees and respond to their findings and recommendations.
- Agencies should clearly state what product they require of each advisory committee, and set a timeline and work plan for creating that product.
- Agencies should establish and enforce clear policies for how to incorporate committee findings and recommendations into agency decision making. Agencies should also publicly document any decision to overrule the recommendations of a scientific advisory committee, and provide a legitimate explanation of the decision. | <urn:uuid:ee49b8f4-d598-4aff-b2c6-4ccd9b13794b> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/center-science-and-democracy/promoting-scientific-integrity/scientific-advisory-committees.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542938.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00372-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943148 | 920 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Since the big planting and urban gardening boom, various types of plants and herbs have seen a rise in interest, one of such types is indoor fruit trees, it is fascinating to have one indoors with you, isn’t it?
Gardening is such an interesting activity, and one of the most interesting thing about gardening is that you can grow plants almost everywhere and everywhere (as long as the basic things are available) in recent times, gardening has been explored in various places like the water, on the rooftop, and even inside your house.
Did you read that last one right? Yes. Not just can you grow your plant indoors, you can even grow a fruit tree inside.
Of course, it is not every type of fruit tree that can be grown inside, however, there are specific trees that are perfect and they are known as dwarf trees. Dwarf trees are gotten from grafting or merging fruit trees to a dwarf rootstock, they grow to about 8 – 10 feet tall and wide and this makes them suitable for indoor planting.
Before we dig into the top 14 indoor fruit trees you can grow, you should know that these trees have needed to grow properly; hence you should know what you will be required of while growing these trees in your home. The following are some of their needs;
- A deep pot, preferably about 1 foot deep. The pot must have large drainage below it.
- Potting soil or mix for trees/ indoor plants
- Water and fertilizer.
- Light; most of these fruits prefer light, so you might want to place them where they can get enough of it.
These are the basic things you need to grow your tree indoor. A major problem that some people have is the choice of the tree to grow, we have identified this and this is why we decided to prepare this guide for you.
The Best Indoor Fruit Trees to Plant Now
This guide will help you choose which indoor fruit tree to grow and how to care for them.
1. Peach Trees
The peach tree is one of the most amazing trees to plant indoors, you will be required to get a dwarf tree that is self-pollinating. One known peach tree that can be grown inside is called “Golden Glory”, this is because it is a natural dwarf variety.
Growing a peach tree requires large pots with loamy and compost soil, you must choose pots with large drainage holes, place the peach tree in a position where it will receive a lot of sunlight. The roots of the tree should be fit into the soil to enable fruiting. However, be careful so it doesn’t get too tight. You should fertilize the peach tree regularly.
2. Meyer Lemon Trees
This is the most commonly chosen indoor fruit tree; citrus trees like the lemon do very well indoor. Meyer lemon is self-pollinating; however, you may have to wait for two to three years before it begins to produce fruits.
The Meyer lemon needs moist, well-drained soil, and should be placed where it can get at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. You may be required to prune it from time to time; this is because the tree can grow up to eight feet tall.
3. Calamondin Orange Trees
Calamondin oranges are quite easy to grow inside; they are a bit different from regular oranges. They are sweet and are suitable for cooking, they also have thin skins. Growing this tree requires a larger pot and slightly acidic loamy soil.
You should water when you notice the topsoil is dry, the soil should be left moist and not completely dry. Like other citrus trees, they also require long hours of sunlight. You should also get the variety that self-pollinates.
4. Passion Fruit Trees
Passion fruits not only provide fruits but also beautiful flowers to make your room more beautiful. Passion fruits need a trellis to grow up, hence you might need to get that. It requires well-drained soil and full sunlight; a minimum of 6 hours daily. You will be required to water it frequently, however, be careful not to make it soggy.
5. Lime Trees
Lime is a great choice to grow indoors, however, there are two known options for dwarf lime that you can pick from. They are key lime and kaffir lime. While they are both good for indoor planting, they have slight differences and we think you should know about them before deciding which one to plant.
- Kaffir lime trees are not so known as the others, however, they are great for cooking, they have a slightly bitter taste. They also come with a lovely scent.
- Key limes are small, this is the most known of them both and a dwarf variety of it grows well indoors, you will have to hand pollinate the blossoms. Regardless of which variety you choose to plant, they are from the citrus family, hence they are sensitive to cold and require full sunlight.
6. Apricot Trees
These apricot are fresh and they are as amazing as the dried ones you buy at the store they taste much better. The Moorpark tree is the most popular dwarf variety and it grows to about six feet tall. You have to prune it regularly to maintain a small size and space.
You need well-drained soil in a container, you may want to place the tree where it will get the most sun, also, you should be careful so the soil doesn’t dry out completely. Water the tree regularly.
7. Ground Cherries
These are also known as cape gooseberries, they are of the same family as tomatoes and pepper, hence they are not trees, but bush. They are quite easy to grow both indoors or in the garden. They have a taste of both pineapple and tomatoes, they can also be used for desserts.
Like tomatoes, they are annual plants, so if you are really in love with this lovely, you may have to plant them over again every year. It requires well-drained soil, together with compost which will serve as additional nutrients, these should also be placed where it can get full sunlight.
8. Fig Trees
This is also one easy tree you can grow inside! Figs require a humid environment to grow properly, there are varieties of figs that can be grown inside the house i.e. brown turkey fig, a self-pollinating fig. Fig tree requires some loamy soil with access to full sunlight as they are quite sensitive to cold.
You may be required to get a large pot because the size of your pot will determine the size of your tree and its produce. If you want the tree to stay small, then a small container it is. water frequently and prune the tree.
9. Banana Trees
The first thing you need to know about growing bananas indoors is that although they are beautiful to grow, they can become really big and you will be required to prune as often as possible.
The most known dwarf variety for your home is the ladyfinger banana tree, they can grow up to four feet. They require a humid environment and full sunlight. You should mist the trees as often as possible.
10. Nectarine Trees
Growing nectarine indoor requires sunlight like many others, with moist soil. You will be required to use a large pot to plant this tree, alongside loamy soil. However, make sure the pot is the right size for the tree.
11. Olive Trees
An olive tree is an excellent option for indoor fruit tree planting, besides this; they are also quite easy to grow as they are not so needy. Olive trees require well-drained soil and full sunlight, preferably, 6-8 hours daily. You can water this tree when you notice the topsoil is dried. A good variety of olive that can be grown indoors is the Arbequina.
12. Mulberry Bushes
Growing mulberry bushes require good quality potting soil, similar to all other fruit trees, they require plenty of sunlight every day to properly produce fruits. Two popular dwarf varieties are “Everbearing” and “Issai”. They require fertilizing at least once, in six months, you should also prune them regularly.
Ever heard of this? Kumquat is a very delicious fruit; it is of the citrus family. The fruit and peel can be eaten together; it has a sweet skin and a sour fruit. Like every other citrus fruit, kumquat requires full sunlight to grow properly, they also require water and a humid environment; sometimes, a higher humid environment than others. It is an excellent choice for indoor fruit planting.
14. Goji Berries
Goji berries are known for their vitamins. They require full sunlight, hence should be placed where they can get access to one. You should wait until the soil is completely dry before you water again. They are regarded as drought tolerant. Goji berries are also easy to harvest.
Fruit tree planting has never been easier; you do not have to own a garden in your compound before you grow your trees or get fruits of your own. Although dwarf trees are perfect for indoor, they may not always remain small. You might find some of them growing bigger than expected.
You should prune them regularly to maintain an appropriate indoor size. | <urn:uuid:b73f7677-6f5f-46e6-84ca-1c7007002e86> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://unassaggio.com/best-indoor-fruit-trees-to-plant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00391.warc.gz | en | 0.967774 | 1,936 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A last-ditch attempt to save the world’s most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita, by taking them into human care has been abandoned. The chances that this rare species of porpoise will become extinct are now extremely high, researchers have warned.
They had hoped to catch a few of the planet’s last 30 vaquitas – which are only found in one small area of the Gulf of California – and protect them in a sanctuary where they could breed safely. But last month, the $4m (£3m) rescue plan by an international team of more than 60 scientists and divers ran into trouble after only a few days, when the first vaquita they caught had to be released when it began to display dangerous signs of stress.
Shortly after that, a second vaquita was caught but died a few hours after capture. The team then decided that catching any more animals presented too much risk to the species and further attempts were suspended.
“This is a very, very serious setback,” said project scientist Barbara Taylor, of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “Taking vaquitas into human care was always an extreme measure, but it was virtually our only option. Now even that has gone. The vaquita is now facing extinction unless illegal fishing can be curtailed.”
The vaquita, Phocoena sinus, which reaches a maximum length of only 5ft, has suffered a major population crash in recent years as a result of illegal catching of the totoaba fish. Flesh from the totoaba’s swim bladder can fetch more than £74,000 a kilo in China and this has generated a vast illegal fishing industry.
Unfortunately, gill nets designed to catch totoaba are also the perfect size for trapping vaquitas, which become tangled and drown. The Mexican government has recently tightened its laws against illegal fishing but the rewards for totoaba catches are so high there has been little respite.
As a result, vaquita numbers have plummeted from around 600 individuals 20 years ago to a few dozen today, leaving the animal hovering at the edge of extinction. “Our last hope was that we could capture enough vaquitas to start a captive breeding colony and restore numbers,” said another of the project’s scientist, Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho, of Mexico’s National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change.
“We had no experience in capturing these animals and it now turns out they respond badly to being taken in nets and being kept in captivity. Really we should have acted a decade ago when we still had a few hundred vaquitas left and the loss of one or two would not have been so critical.”
There is only one hope, said Taylor. “Saving the vaquita now rests with the Mexican government, which might somehow be able to end the illegal fishing for the totoaba. And that is a big ask. Otherwise, it is very unlikely that we are going to have vaquitas in a couple of years.” | <urn:uuid:db4f97fa-dff2-44b1-baff-e058d77b9f74> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/dec/03/vaquita-porpoise-extinction-threat-rescue-plan-abandoned | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156314.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919235858-20180920015858-00134.warc.gz | en | 0.969097 | 639 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Is using a pacifier or thumb sucking harmful to my child’s teeth?
Sucking is a natural reflex for babies. Sucking on a pacifier or their thumb is a way for your child to soothe themselves, helping to make them feel secure and happy. In their early months, neither sucking on their thumb or a pacifier is dangerous to your child’s teeth.
However, if pacifier use or thumb-sucking persists beyond the eruption of permanent teeth, it can interfere with the proper eruption and growth of their teeth. Most children stop the practice on their own between the ages of two and four, but if they don’t you may need to encourage them to stop. There are a number of ways to do this:
- Praise your child whenever they are not sucking their thumb, but don’t scold them when they do suck their thumb. Remember, children suck when they’re feeling anxious or insecure about something.
- Provide comfort to your child whenever you notice them sucking.
- Reward your child when they refrain from sucking during trying or difficult periods.
- Place a bandage on the thumb or fingers of choice. | <urn:uuid:ea9b2e9a-a2d2-4d8c-ae8b-9fede527cc9d> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.sunnysmilesdental.com/first-visit/faqs/pacifiers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573284.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918110932-20190918132932-00133.warc.gz | en | 0.922133 | 243 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Diesel Engine Principle and Working Cycle Explained:
Basically, there are two types of diesel engine types - the Four Stroke and Two Stroke. The 'Diesel Cycle' uses higher Compression-Ratio. It was named after German engineer Rudolph Diesel, who invented and developed first Four-Stroke diesel engine. The four strokes of the diesel cycle are similar to that of a petrol engine. However, the 'Diesel Cycle' considerably defers by the way the fuel system supplies the diesel the engine and ignites it.
A conventional internal combustion diesel engine works on 'Diesel Cycle'. In the simple diesel engines, an injector injects diesel into the combustion chamber above the piston directly. The 'Compression-Ignition engine' is also another name for the Diesel engine. This is mainly because it burns the diesel with hot and compressed air. The temperature of the air inside the combustion chamber rises to above 400°c to 800°c. This, in turn, ignites the diesel injected into the combustion chamber. Thus, the 'Diesel Cycle' does not use an external mechanism such as a spark-plug to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
The Four-Stroke diesel engine works on the following cycle:
1. Suction Stroke – With pistons moving downwards and the opening of the inlet valve creates the suction of clean air into the cylinders.
2. Compression – With the closing of Inlet valve the area above the piston gets closed. The piston moves up resulting in compression of the air in a confined space under higher compression-ratio.
Combustion Process - At this stage, the injector sprays the diesel into the combustion chamber. The rise in temperature of the air caused by its compression; results in instantaneous burning of diesel with an explosion. This causes heat to release which generates expanding forces known as power.
3. Power Stroke – Furthermore, these forces again push the pistons downwards resulting in their reciprocating motion.
4. Exhaust Stroke – On their way up, the pistons push the exhaust gases above them thru’ the exhaust valve which opens during the exhaust stroke.
This cycle repeats itself until the engine turns off, resulting in the continuance of engine’s running.
A diesel engine is mainly classified into two types - Indirect-Injection (IDI) & Direct-injection (DI). The Direct-Injection diesel cycle was an earlier generation technology. It later evolved into its successor & more advanced CRDi. Earlier generation utility vehicles, trucks, buses & generators still widely use the simple DI engines. Furthermore, sophisticated & refined CRDi engines became very popular in the Sedans, MPVs, SUVs and Luxury cars in the recent past. | <urn:uuid:4361e27b-d125-474c-bd80-fc7109e70d93> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://carbiketech.com/diesel-engine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506959.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402111815-20200402141815-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.9286 | 569 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Today most people use computers and mobile phones as essential devices in their homes and offices. Computers have become an essential tool for performing almost all kinds of important tasks in the world today. If you are an adult and regularly perform a variety of necessary tasks, then you must have a computer or laptop in your home. If you want to do any kind of work properly on the computer then you must maintain the computer properly. Just as computers are needed for various needs in human life, so is the maintenance and care of computers.
Today’s computers come in a variety of sizes, although earlier computers were quite large, today’s computers are much smaller and easier to use. Properly covered, it will withstand a great deal of adverse conditions and you can do all your work properly and reliably on your computer. In today’s discussion I will mention how you can properly maintain and maintain your computer and what will make your computer work properly.
It is possible to avoid issues such as a complex operating system, an overheating CPU, or a fast-draining battery computer, so avoiding some routine maintenance. You need to protect your computer with padding. There are many people who travel to different places with PCs and carry a lot of PCs. Properly carried on a computer, the chances of an accident are very low, but if you carry it openly, accidents can occur in different parts of your computer. Only messing them up and tangling the process is more frustrating than dealing with long, complicated wires. Knocking cables isn’t a feasible solution if you want to keep your digital world connected. Disassembling and organizing your power strip and snake-like mass extending from your PC port is an excellent starting step for both desktop and laptop users. You must update your operating system to keep the computer running properly. Keeping your operating system up-to-date can primarily maintain the computer. If you update your operating system, your computer’s performance will increase more than before. For those of you who are Windows 10 users, keep up to date with the update check once a day. If you are a laptop user, you need to unplug your PC for extra running. There are many laptops or PCs that cannot withstand the extra stress that can damage their batteries. The charger should be plugged into the PC when the battery charge is below 50%. You also need to keep the PC keyboard mouse free of these as they will not work properly if dirt accumulates in them. You must be careful when using your computer as various hackers and miscreants can infect your computer with viruses via email.
If you are using your computer for your own business and if it contains important data then you must be careful to use the computer because once your computer is damaged or damaged then all your necessary data can be lost. However, in case you are in a situation of data loss, there are various data recovery services available online from which you can recover anything. There are also many free data recovery software that provide services like raid data recovery, computer data recovery, hard drive data recovery etc. | <urn:uuid:3dc4e89d-81d3-44e6-9d63-28f6da82f6aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://cabindecor.us/how-do-you-keep-your-computer-in-good-working-order-and-do-maintenance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335448.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220930082656-20220930112656-00681.warc.gz | en | 0.954895 | 623 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Max Planck Institut Greifswald has been working on one of the largest research projects in Germany since the early 1990s. With the final goal of testing the power plant aptitude, the world’s largest fusion plant will be created during this project. The nuclear fusion reactor Wendelstein 7-X attempts to recreate the energy generated by nuclear fusion in the sun. In this unique project, temperatures of up to 150,000,000 ° C are expected to produce ignitable and energy-emitting plasma.
Max Planck Institut Greifswald
Wendelstein 7-X nuclear fusion reactor
Photo: IPP, Wolfgang Filser
Electrical auxiliary heaters are an important part of the system. By means of insulated heating mats, system components such as nozzles and pumps must be kept at an operating temperature of approximately
160°C. This essential temperature control eliminates the contamination of the plant components by oil, grease, condensed vapors and other reaction products. In total, 360 control circuits must be realized and visualized in this plant section.
The 380 control loops are controlled and monitored by five identically constructed control cabinets, each with an FP1600 multi-channel system. A total of 132 kW of power is required for the additional heating systems. The mapping of the plant components is made by process visualization Visual Fecon. In addition to the proper temperature control, the FP1600 detects the respective line voltage, the present heating current, the cabinet temperature and the safety shutdown status.
FP1600 with 112 zones
Process visualization Visual Fecon
With a total of 25 kilometers of custom-made high-end cables, the heating mats with integrated PT100 elements are connected. This allows an absolutely interference-free temperature detection in such an extreme environment. The five FP1600 systems are linked via light guides and connected to the central computer of the system. Visual Fecon is used for the operation of all control loops and their clear visualization. For example this makes it possible to evaluate all process values of the additional heating as a curve since these are logged in the Fecon database. | <urn:uuid:99c4be75-aaa0-4082-a9ad-c5faf8faddde> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.fellereng.de/en/anwendungen/multi-channel-controller-wendelstein-7-x-nuclear-fusion-reactor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053918.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916234514-20210917024514-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.910771 | 433 | 3.578125 | 4 |
The introduction to this article (Part 1: What is Insulin Resistance) explains what insulin resistance is, the conventional treatment for it and the drawbacks to that treatment: http://www.bbdnutrition.com/2017/07/26/what-is-insulin-resistance/
INTRO: There are a number of tools available for measuring insulin resistance, most of which are more suited to a research setting, including the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and the Matsuda Index. Others, such as the McAuley -, Belfiore -, Cederholm -, Avignon – and Stumvoll Index are better suited for epidemiological (population) research studies and are often compared to the “gold standard” for the measurement of insulin sensitivity, the Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp (HEC).
The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method is suitable for individuals to use with their doctors or Dietitians to assess insulin resistance, and is useful for using over time to measure the impact of dietary and lifestyle changes in lowering insulin resistance.
Visualizing Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance can be determined by measuring insulin response to a standard glucose load over a 5 hour period and plotting the Insulin Response curves – which is precisely what Dr. Joseph R. Kraft MD, who was Chairman of the Department of Clinical Pathology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital, Chicago, until his retirement.
Dr. Kraft spent more than a quarter century devoted to the study of glucose metabolism and blood insulin levels – collecting data in almost 15,000 people, aged 3 to 90 years old. Between 1972 and 1998, Dr. Kraft measured the Insulin Response and data from 10,829 of these subjects indicated that 75% of subjects were insulin resistant.
Compiling this data, five distinct Insulin Response Patterns emerged.
The light green curve below, is what a normal insulin response should look like. Insulin levels should rise steadily in the first 45 minutes (in response to the standard glucose load) to no higher than ~60 mIU/L (430.5 pmol/L) and then decrease steadily until baseline by 3 hours.
People who are in the early stages of insulin resistance (Pattern II, represented by the yellow curve) release considerably more insulin in response to the exact same glucose load. Insulin levels rise to ~ 115 mIU/L (825 pmol/L) in the first hour and then take considerably longer (5 hrs) to drop back down to baseline, than the normal response.
People who have progressed in insulin resistance to Pattern III have insulin levels that keep rising for the first 2 hours and then drop off more sharply, back down to baseline.
Those with Type 2 Diabetes / very high insulin resistance (Pattern IV) release huge amounts of insulin almost immediately, reaching levels of ~ 150 mIU/L (1076 pmol/L) at 1 hour. Then for the next 2 hours, insulin continues to climb, before it begins to decline to baseline. Even at 5 hours, insulin levels never decrease to normal values.
Is what is seen in Type I Diabetes (T1D), when there is insufficient insulin production.
Please see Significance of Insulin Resistance for more details on Dr. Kraft's findings: http://www.bbdnutrition.com/2017/03/22/featured-significance-of-insulin-resistance/
While a 5 hour glucose tolerance test is not available at most labs, a 2 hour glucose tolerance test (2hrGTT) will indicate whether or not a person is insulin resistant or Type 2 Diabetic.
However, once a person is already diagnosed as Type 2 Diabetic, most medical plans will not cover the cost of having the test re-performed in order to determine if insulin response has changed in response to diet and lifestyle changes.
This is where the the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) comes in – a tool easily used by clinicians and relying on standard blood tests.
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA1-IR) – Matthew’s Equations (1985)
The homeostasis model assessment was first developed in 1985 by David Matthews et al and is method used which quantifies insulin resistance and β-cell function of the pancreas from fasting blood glucose and either fasting insulin or C-peptide concentrations.
Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for insulin secretion in response to increasing glucose concentrations, so when there is decreased function of the pancreas’ β-cells, there will be a reduced response of β-cell to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
In addition, glucose concentrations are regulated by insulin-mediated glucose production in the liver, so insulin resistance is reflected by reduced suppression of hepatic glucose production, stemming from the effect of insulin.
The HOMA-IR model describes this glucose-insulin homeostasis using a simple equation, based on fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin. The equation uses the product of fasting plasma insulin (FPI) x fasting plasma glucose (FPI), divided by a constant of 22.5, providing an index of hepatic insulin resistance:
HOMA1-IR = FPI (mu/I) x FBG (mmol/L) / 22.5
The “Blood Code” book is based on these 1985 equations. The problem with the Matthew’s Equations is that they underestimate Insulin Sensitivity (%S) and overestimate % β-cell function.
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR)
Oxford University, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism in the UK, has designed a HOMA2-IR model (2013) that estimates β-cell function (%B) and insulin sensitivity (%S) for an individual from simultaneously measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) values. It also can be used with fasting specific insulin or C-peptide values, instead of fasting RIA insulin.
The HOMA2-IR calculator provides % β-cell function (% B ) and % Insulin Sensitivity (%S): https://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk/homacalculator/download.php.
Use of Tools
While these tools are primarily used by clinicians, knowing about them is useful in being proactive in managing one’s own health. For example, if you have already started making the dietary and lifestyle changes to lower insulin resistance, having your fasting insulin measured along with your fasting blood glucose, will enable your doctor or myself to calculate your progress, as well as recommend adjustments in your plan.
Why not send me a note using the “Contact Us” form at the top of this webpage.
To our good health!
Gutch, M, Kumar, S, Razi, SM, et al, Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity / Resistance, Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan-Feb; 19(1): 160–164.
HOMA Calculator©, University of Oxford, Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism: https://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk/homacalculator/download.php
Copyright ©2017 BetterByDesign Nutrition Ltd. LEGAL NOTICE: The contents of this blog, including text, images and cited statistics as well as all other material contained here (the “content”) are for information purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, medical diagnosis and/or treatment and is not suitable for self-administration without regular monitoring by a Registered Dietitian and with the knowledge of your physician. Do not disregard medical advice and always consult your physician with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or before implementing something you have read or heard in our content. | <urn:uuid:94edea49-0251-464a-bcb7-55ddd225726c> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.bbdnutrition.com/tag/blood-code/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863570.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20180520131723-20180520151723-00058.warc.gz | en | 0.896566 | 1,662 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Billion dollar blockbuster? You can be sure there will be lawsuits to follow. They will claim that stories they wrote while being employed by a movie studio, stories they wrote in their own published books, and stories they wrote on napkins during a moment of inspiration and sent to movie directors, were stolen to create Hollywood’s newest blockbuster. Surely there exists some legal protection against movies being made based on previously existing stories. But how far does that protection extend? When are the limits of protection reached?
I will call ancient stories those written more than two thousand years ago. There are no protections for those antiquated stories likely finding their origin in Egypt or China or even around campfires around the world. If any of those stories have survived to our times, anyone can shamelessly retell those stories in whatever media they wish and also make changes to the stories that the original storytellers may have vehemently disagreed with.
You are not going to get away from another cinematic telling of Hercules. And if the heirs of the original writer of the Hercules story were ever found, they would not have any legal basis to stop you from retelling it or from changing the story.
Stories from the 1900s
Depending on when a story was written in the 1900s and when the author passed away if at all, it may be that the original author or the heirs of the original author still have legally enforceable rights in a story penned in the 1900s.
Under the Copyright Act in Canada, an author receives protection for a story during the author’s life and for fifty years following the author’s death. It is generally the same rule around the world with some countries having a different period of protection following death. In the case of a work that more than one author creates, the term of protection is generally the life of the last surviving author and for fifty’s years after such last author’s death.
Those wishing to adopt stories created in the 1900s had better closely examine whether the story is still protected under the law or whether it may now be used free from anyone else’s legal rights.
Stories written in the present time are protected under our Copyright Act. As a result you will not be permitted to adapt or use that contemporary story as the basis for another kind of work without the consent of the original owner.
Film Stories in Dispute
In the context of the lawsuits concerning films the facts typically go as follows: a plaintiff, who was not involved in the making of the film, claims that it created an original story that was fixed in some tangible form, e.g. a software file or a handwritten story. The plaintiff claims that the defendant director, writer, and/or movie studio, took substantive parts from its original story in order to create the plot for the film. If the film makes millions of dollars, the plaintiff claims a right to a portion of those profits. The defendants typically deny the plaintiff’s claim and argue that the story used for the film was an original work that someone on the payroll of the movie studio created.
The Question of Originality – Film Lawsuits
Disputes between large movie studios and authors usually revolve around whether the filmmakers had created an original work and whether that work was made by copying in whole or in part someone else’s work when creating the relevant movie.
Seth MacFarlane was sued for allegedly stealing the movie idea for Ted, a comedy about a foul-mouthed animated teddy bear. The plaintiff in the lawsuit made “Charlie The Abusive Teddy Bear” which was a web series created in 2009. The plaintiff alleged that Charlie “has a penchant for drinking, smoking, prostitutes, and is generally vulgar yet humorous character” similar to the Ted character in the movie.
Tom Cruise along with ten other defendants was sued for $1 billion for allegedly stealing the idea for the plot of Mission Impossible – Ghost Protocol. The plaintiff alleges that his original 1988 script for Head On was shown to Tom Cruise’s agent. On watching the Mission Impossible movie, the plaintiff alleged that the script for the movie has been illegally written and produced from Head On.
The author of two autobiographical books about her upbringing in the Andean mountains of Peru has filed a lawsuit alleging that Disney stole her story, characters, plots, and subplots, to create the movie Frozen. The author claims that her works include a betrayal, as her first love played with her affections and did not return her love; the plaintiff compared that with Anna’s first love Hans who played with her affections and did not return her love. This was no mention of a talking snowman in the plaintiff’s books. Disney representatives have stated that the plaintiff needs to “let it go”.
James Cameron has been sued at least eight times over claims that the movie Avatar stole the storyline of their works. Plaintiffs have claimed that the movie has stolen ideas about blue aliens, flora/plant life, unbreathable atmospheres, and matriarch support of hero vs. heroine.
The crux of all of these lawsuits is the consideration of whether a copying or a substantial copying of the stories took place.
Originality in Storytelling
At first glance, it seems as if writing an original story should be quite simple. However, if you read some academic books on stories, you will hear claims that every kind of story has already been written, at least as far as the general framework goes. Though the particulars of newly created stories may indeed be original, the fact that a story unfolds in a certain way, the characters have certain experiences, and a certain resolution or ending is achieved, is not something that lends itself to genuine endless possibilities, especially in film which has limits on running time.
Copyright Infringement in the Law
Under the Copyright Act the creator of an original story owns it and has the exclusive right to reproduce that story in any form, such as a film. That means that the form of the original story, for example a printed book, is irrelevant to whether the original story was infringed as a result of the making of the film. It is copyright infringement to copy or substantially copy someone else’s work without their consent.
The Supreme Court of Canada has stated in Cinar Corporation v. Robinson, 2013 SCC 73, that its approach to assessing copyright infringement will be a holistic and qualitative one. The Court said that one has to look at two competing works as whole works and not as isolated parts. In assessing whether substantial copying has occurred, the analysis should not be conducted piecemeal where a work is dissected into its component parts. Rather, the cumulative effect of the features copied from the original work must be considered to determine whether those features amounted to a substantial part of the original work. In determining substantial copying, the Court said you have to assess whether the copied features constitute a substantial part of the plaintiff’s work, not whether they amount to a substantial part of the defendant’s work. Simply because a defendant has altered copied features or integrated them into a work that is noticeably different from the plaintiff’s work does not necessarily preclude a claim that substantial copying of a work has occurred.
As a result, a court’s approach, when assessing allegations of infringement, will be to examine the story as a whole, so an underlying similar or identical narrative will not be determinative of whether infringement happened. Instead, the examination will look at the narrative and all other elements in the story, such as characterization, to determine whether a succeeding work infringed the copyright of the first work. Further, a court will have to examine whether the features the defendant is alleged to have copied constitute a substantial part of the plaintiff’s work.
Infringement of a Story in Film
As the holistic and qualitative approach is the method to determine copyright infringement in Canada, it stands to reason that plaintiffs who believe that their stories have been unfairly used in films will launch lawsuits against such alleged infringement. The reason being is that it is very difficult to predict what kind of decisions a court will make under the holistic and qualitative approach.
In that case, filmmakers need to carefully document who contributed what to a film script and ensure that all legal rights have been managed. It is critical that scriptwriters and others who work on the original plot for a film detail carefully how and when the plot for the film took shape. In actions where film makers were able to establish that they completed the script well before a plaintiff sent their own script to the film production company, lawsuits were quickly dispensed with. Furthermore, filmmakers should avoid to the greatest extent all unsolicited idea and draft scripts sent to them in order to limit their liability from the lawsuits sure to follow a successful film. And if filmmakers do draw inspiration from other people’s stories, they must make sure that they do not copy a substantial part of the other party’s work. | <urn:uuid:663c1ae2-5790-4aa7-900d-a96519a2fed5> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://fdhlawyers.com/legal-articles/ripping-movies-%E2%80%93-who-owns-stories-we-tell | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320063.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623133357-20170623153357-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.963531 | 1,827 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Environmental News Service
March 10, 2006
HELSINKI–The nine countries bordering the Baltic Sea and the European Union have agreed on a common vision of a healthy Baltic and a set of strategic goals and ecological objectives that lead to achieving that vision. The plan is based on a proactive ecosystem approach instead of being driven by reactions to pollution events.
At the 27th annual meeting of the Helsinki Commission, or HELCOM, held March 8 and 9 in Helsinki, member states and the Commission officially approved the first core elements of what they termed an “ambitious but realistic action plan” to restore the Baltic Sea marine environment.
“With this ecosystem approach, protection of the marine environment is no longer seen as an event-driven pollution reduction approach to be taken sector-by-sector,” said HELCOM Executive Secretary Anne Christine Brusendorff. HELCOM Executive Secretary Anne Christine Brusendorff views the organization as the environmental focal point for the entire Baltic region, and a reliable source of information on the state of the Baltic Sea.
“Instead, the starting point is a common understanding and definition of a sea with a good ecological balance, which is deciding the further needs for reductions of pollution loads as well as the level and extent of human activities,” she said. “This approach paves the best way to ensure a holistic and integrated policy approach.”
HELCOM works to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea from all sources of pollution through intergovernmental cooperation between the countries bordering the sea – Denmark, Estonia, the European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden.
Last year, the Helsinki Commission decided to develop a Baltic Sea Action Plan to ensure that all possible measures are taken to reduce pollution in the Baltic Sea and to repair the damage done to the marine environment. HELCOM expects to finalize and adopt the Plan late in 2007. In developing the Baltic Sea Action Plan, the Commission and member states will identify and detail the kind of actions needed to curb eutrophication, prevent pollution involving hazardous substances, and improve safety of navigation and accident response capacity, as well as halting habitat destruction and the decline in biodiversity. The shallow Baltic Sea is nearly enclosed and the same water, with any accumulated pollutants, can remain in the sea for up to 30 years.
HELCOM approved the establishment of an ad hoc Task Force for the development of the Baltic Sea Action Plan. The Task Force will consist of representatives nominated by the HELCOM member states, representatives of NGOs and from the private sector.
One of the main objectives of the ad hoc Task Force will be to ensure political commitment to the development of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, linking the scientific work and the political processes.
At a stakeholders conference held on Tuesday in Helsinki, the concept of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BASP) received overwhelming support from the environmental scientists, government officials, business leaders and representatives of major regional organizations in attendance.
The EU representative expressed full support for the HELCOM plan. Peter Gammeltoft, who heads the Water and Marine Unit in the Environment Directorate at the European Commission, said the plan under preparation “is the cornerstone for further action” in the Baltic Sea region.
“It is also fully in line with the EU Marine Strategy,” Gammeltoft said, adding that the the European Commission “strongly backs the BSAP [Baltic Sea Action Plan] and intends to take an active part in its development over the coming months.” Recognizing the new ecosystem-based approach to the management of the Baltic Sea, Gammeltoft said that in setting a definition of good ecological status for the Baltic Sea as well as specific environmental targets and necessary measures, the BSAP will be instrumental to the successful implementation of the EU Marine Strategy in the region.
The Baltic Sea Action Plan makes HELCOM “a front-runner and a model to follow among regional seas conventions in Europe,” Gammeltoft said.
Commenting on the plan, Stefan Wallin, the state secretary from the Finnish Environment Ministry stressed that that the preparation of the HELCOM action plan must be open-ended and transparent.
“We must use this opportunity of preparing this new Baltic Sea Action Plan to make it as comprehensive and, at the same time, as realistic and action-oriented as possible,” Wallin said.
Delegates to the HELCOM meeting adopted assessment reports on maritime transport, eutrophication, hazardous substances, biodiversity and climate change in the Baltic Sea, as well as an updated recommendation which requires HELCOM countries to limit emissions into the atmosphere and discharges into water from incineration of waste.
The Baltic Sea is a small sea on a global scale, but as one of the world’s largest bodies of brackish water, it is ecologically unique and is highly sensitive to the environmental impacts of human activities in its catchment area, which is home to some 85 million people. Oil spills and polluted runoff from agriculture and manufacturing on land have contributed to pollution of the sea. | <urn:uuid:83f3b83a-1f75-4fb1-aaef-09d31230ea18> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://bafl.com/2006/03/10/new-baltic-sea-action-plan-relies-on-ecosystem-approach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945288.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324180032-20230324210032-00793.warc.gz | en | 0.925584 | 1,048 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The Hawaiian ti plant, Cordyline terminalis, offers a splash of the tropics to your patio or garden. The shrubby plant boasts lush foliage that ranges from green to red to pink to white, depending on the cultivar and sun conditions. If you live in USDA hardiness zone 10b or higher, the ti plant can be a year-round feature in the garden. Otherwise, dig it up in the colder months and bring it inside until the spring.
Find a site that receives full or partial sunlight, and that will accommodate the Hawaiian ti plant's ultimate spread of up to 4 feet, and height of between 3 and 10 feet, depending on the cultivar.
Spread a 5-inch layer of compost over the planting area, and till it into the soil at a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Amending the soil will improve drainage and fertility, which helps the ti plant thrive.
Add a few spadefuls of sand to the soil if drainage remains a problem.
Dig a hole about as deep as the pot in which the ti plant seedling is growing, and about twice as wide.
Remove the ti plant from its pot. Sliding the plant from its pot rather than pulling it from its leaves will protect the foliage.
Examine the plant's root systems. Plants that have been growing too long in a pot will become root-bound -- that is, the roots spiral around the outside of its dirt ball.
Slice into the ti plant's root system on the sides and bottom if the plant is root-bound. Slashing into the crowded roots allows the roots to spread once the plant is in the ground.
Set the plant in its hole and spread out any rootlets at the bottom of the hole.
Replace the soil into the hole and firm the soil around the base of the ti plant.
Water the soil with bottled, non-fluoridated water unless you have a well or your town's water supply is non-fluoridated. Hawaiian ti plants are sensitive to fluoride.
Spread a 2-to-3-inch layer of mulch around the plant. Hawaiian ti plants are considered only moderately resistant to drought. Mulch's ability to retain moisture in the soil will help the ti plant survive dry spells.
Things You Will Need
- Sand (optional)
- Garden shears
- Non-fluoridated water
- Mulch -- e.g. wood chips, pine needles or cocoa hulls
- Fertilize your Hawaiian ti plants in early spring, but use an all-purpose plant food that isn't heavy on nitrogen. High-nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the intensity of foliage color.
- Hawaiian ti plants make colorful container plants for both patios and indoor rooms. Keeping them in pots also saves you the trouble of moving them from the garden to a container if you live in USDA hardiness zone 10a or lower.
- Avoid using sprinklers around Hawaiian ti plants. The plants are susceptible to the kind of fungal growth spurred by wet foliage. When using a hose or watering can, aim for the soil rather than the leaves, and water in the morning so the leaves have time to dry in the sun. | <urn:uuid:47da0dab-fd72-44ff-990a-df81d2b04948> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-hawaiian-ti-plant-34624.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886112682.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822201124-20170822221124-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.92519 | 657 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Recently, a survey of three decades of screening published in November in The New England Journal of Medicine found that mammography’s impact is decidedly mixed: it does reduce, by a small percentage, the number of women who are told they have late-stage cancer, but it is far more likely to result in overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, including surgery, weeks of radiation and potentially toxic drugs. And yet, mammography remains an unquestioned pillar of the pink-ribbon awareness movement. Just about everywhere I go — the supermarket, the dry cleaner, the gym, the gas pump, the movie theater, the airport, the florist, the bank, the mall — I see posters proclaiming that “early detection is the best protection” and “mammograms save lives.” But how many lives, exactly, are being “saved,” under what circumstances and at what cost? Raising the public profile of breast cancer, a disease once spoken of only in whispers, was at one time critically important, as was emphasizing the benefits of screening. But there are unintended consequences to ever-greater “awareness” — and they, too, affect women’s health. | <urn:uuid:b60d64f2-d4ad-4e78-87a0-2764da584730> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.ocbreastwellness.com/how-much-had-my-mammogram-really-mattered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744561.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118180446-20181118202446-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.964124 | 250 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In recent years, road safety has become an increasingly concerning issue, with a rise in accidents and fatalities on our highways. As the number of vehicles on the road continues to grow, it is crucial to explore innovative solutions to improve road safety and mitigate risks. One promising avenue is the utilization of AI-enabled technology. In this blog, we delve into the challenges of road safety, the potential of AI-enabled technology, and how Vestige, a leading technology company, contributes to enhancing road safety.
The Challenges of Road Safety
Road safety is a multifaceted challenge that requires attention and innovative solutions. Factors such as driver behavior, vehicle conditions, infrastructure, and external circumstances contribute to the overall safety on our roads. With an increasing number of vehicles, distracted driving, and complex traffic patterns, addressing road safety has become more crucial than ever.
The Potential of AI-Enabled Technology
AI-enabled technology has the potential to revolutionize road safety by leveraging advanced algorithms, machine learning, and real-time data analysis. These technologies can enhance various aspects of road safety, including accident prevention, traffic management, and driver assistance systems.
AI-enabled technology can analyze real-time data from various sources, such as sensors, cameras, and traffic patterns, to detect potential hazards and predict the likelihood of accidents. By identifying risky situations and providing proactive warnings to drivers, this technology can help prevent accidents and improve overall safety on the road.
Driver Assistance Systems
AI-enabled technology can enhance driver assistance systems, providing real-time alerts and guidance to drivers. Features such as lane departure warnings, adaptive cruise control, and collision detection can help drivers navigate safely and avoid potential accidents. AI algorithms can continuously monitor driver behavior and provide feedback to promote safe driving practices.
AI-Enabled Monitoring Systems
AI-enabled monitoring systems can analyze real-time data from various sensors, cameras, and vehicle telematics. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, these systems can identify patterns of risky behavior, such as aggressive driving or drowsiness, and provide alerts to drivers and fleet managers. This proactive approach helps prevent accidents and promote safe driving practices.
Data Analytics and Insights
Advanced data analytics capabilities allow for in-depth analysis of road safety data. By examining factors such as driver behavior, vehicle conditions, and external circumstances, Vestige can provide valuable insights to transportation authorities, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions to enhance road safety.
Enhancing road safety is a shared responsibility, and AI-enabled technology has the potential to play a significant role in mitigating risks and preventing accidents. Through advanced algorithms, real-time data analysis, and machine learning capabilities, AI-enabled technology can revolutionize road safety by improving accident prevention, traffic management, and driver assistance systems.
Vestige actively contributes to enhancing road safety. Their AI-enabled monitoring systems, data analytics capabilities, and comprehensive driver training programs empower drivers, transportation authorities, and organizations to prioritize road safety and make informed decisions.
By embracing AI-enabled technology and working collaboratively, we can create a safer and more secure environment on our roads. Together with Vestige we can pave the way for a future where accidents are minimized, and road safety is maximized for the well-being of all road users. | <urn:uuid:4d82835d-ee21-4029-b494-31c7fd9ce2fd> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://vestigeview.com/enhancing-road-safety-with-ai-enabled-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506481.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923130827-20230923160827-00157.warc.gz | en | 0.920695 | 666 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2014 February 23
Explanation: If this is Saturn, where are the rings? When Saturn's "appendages" disappeared in 1612, Galileo did not understand why. Later that century, it became understood that Saturn's unusual protrusions were rings and that when the Earth crosses the ring plane, the edge-on rings will appear to disappear. This is because Saturn's rings are confined to a plane many times thinner, in proportion, than a razor blade. In modern times, the robot Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn now also crosses Saturn's ring plane. A series of plane crossing images from 2005 February was dug out of the vast online Cassini raw image archive by interested Spanish amateur Fernando Garcia Navarro. Pictured above, digitally cropped and set in representative colors, is the striking result. Saturn's thin ring plane appears in blue, bands and clouds in Saturn's upper atmosphere appear in gold. Details of Saturn's rings can be seen in the high dark shadows across the top of this image, taken back in 2005. Moons appear as bumps in the rings.
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U. | <urn:uuid:c78b201b-a58d-4b32-be35-0c1c6489cedc> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140223.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398474527.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205434-00087-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926694 | 287 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Acne and blemishes are some of the most common complaints we have about our skin, and there are lots of myths and misconceptions out there about what causes pimples and breakouts.
Nearly 3.2 million Americans suffer from eczema, while acne affects as much as 50 million Americans each year. With so many people affected and the fact that it can occur at any age, acne is probably the most common skincare problem today.
What Causes Acne
Acne could be an ongoing problem caused by skin type (such as oily skin), but it’s also a result of environmental conditions and your skin care routine. We all have tiny hair follicles all over our body, and when they become clogged with oils, dead skin cells or dirt - which they inevitably do from time to time, regardless of meticulous care - blemishes develop.
Blemishes can also become infected if they are not treated, resulting in inflammation that irritates the skin and causes redness. Acne can be aggravated by triggering foods - like lots of sugar - hormonal imbalances, and some medications such as androgens or anabolic steroids.
Myths About How Acne Develops
There are lots of rumors about how acne develops, from how it is caused to why some people have it worse than others. Some of the most common myths include:
- Only teenagers get acne
- Poor skin hygiene
- Acne is contagious
- Chocolate makes acne worse
- Oily foods cause acne
- Makeup can compound the effects of acne
- Abrasive products and exfoliation treatments can cause acne
While dirt and debris particles from the environment can get into your pores and cause blemishes, oily skin is another culprit and often leads people to think that oil in general causes acne. In fact, there are some natural oils that can be used to treat and prevent blemishes and breakouts, and the anti-inflammatory hero of oils is Copaíba Oil.
Brazilians have been using this anti-inflammatory oil as a naturopathic medicine and skincare treatment for hundreds of years, for good reason.
Benefits of Copaíba Oil for Acne Treatment & Skincare
Copaíba oil is packed with beta caryophyllene, its most powerful anti-inflammatory ingredient. The Amazonian resin is also incredibly beneficial for your skin in other ways, both for routine maintenance and treatment:
- Improves the health and natural beauty of your skin
- Its vitamins and minerals help to restore moisture and plumpness to the skin
- Naturally heals blemishes, inflammation and infections
- Copaíba is also a rich emollient, helping to retain the skin’s moisture
- Reduces the appearance of blemishes, scarring and stretch marks, as well as fine lines and wrinkles
- Relaxes, soothes, and tones the skin with regular use
- Eases tension and muscle discomfort
- Exotic, piney, spicy calming and soothing scent
Uses for Copaíba Oil
You can use Copaíba oil on its own or mixed into your favorite moisturizer or mask treatment. If you incorporate it into your daily skincare routine, your skin will thank you for the blemish-fighting results. Some of the best uses for copaíba oil in your skincare routine include:
- Moisturizing primer and/or makeup remover (avoid any direct eye contact)
- Natural spot treatment for blemishes
- Protective, anti-aging nighttime treatment
- Helps to heal Injury, scarring and stretch mark repair treatment
Pracaxi is another Amazonian superfood oil that works well along with copaíba oil to prevent and heal blemishes. Thanks to its richness in Vitamin A and E, pracaxi oil also helps to promote collagen production, to heal blemishes more quickly, reduce redness, and prevent discoloration or scarring. It is also one of the most effective anti-aging oils, not only because of its high vitamin content, but also its extremely high natural behenic acid content.
If you want a wonderful anti-blemish treatment that combines the acne-fighting and anti-aging benefits of copaíba and pracaxi, try our Brazilian Dual Superfruit Oil.
Acne-Fighting Skincare Tips
- Don’t wear clothing that can aggravate eczema or acne, such as wool and tweed
- Use only natural laundry detergent and softeners, since chemical-based detergents can leave residue that irritates the skin and could cause blemishes
- Find ways to reduce and minimize your stress and anxiety, and improve your emotional and mental wellbeing
- Make sure you stay away from dietary items that can increase acne
- Make sure you wear an anti-pollution focused product when your skin is exposed to free-radicals (air pollution, etc)
Love yourself, find your joy, share your passion. | <urn:uuid:bc525f30-67f0-4302-8a35-569eba3037db> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.teadorabeauty.com/blogs/all/blemish-control-with-pure-powerful-copaiba-oil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886121.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704104352-20200704134352-00523.warc.gz | en | 0.946313 | 1,044 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Over the recent years, natural gas extraction in the United States has significantly increased due to technological advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. As per Municipal Code of Chicago, natural gas supply pressure should not be less than 1.5 WC and should have less than 100 percent fluctuation in pressure above the minimum pressure at the inlet. Gases stored in accumulators can go as high as 6,000 psi.
Most commercial and industrial applications require a higher pressure. But service line supply has limitations like regulators, clogged vents, old infrastructure or lengthy distance to the site while cylinders have a pressure limit for safety purposes. Natural Gas Booster Systems provide high-pressure gas (Up to 36,000 psi) to meet your specific industrial needs.
Types and Working of Boosters
High gas pressures are required in a variety of industrial and commercial zones, including manufacturing plants, restaurants, warehouses, stadiums, offices, or healthcare and educational facilities.
There are several designs mainly two types:
Some gas pressure booster typically has a centrifugal fan which draws the gas through the inlet and throws it out at elevated pressures. Having two sub-types:
Multistage centrifugal design, a heavy-duty design, in which air is compressed twice.
Single stage centrifugal design, a low duty design, in which air is compressed once.
Others have a reciprocating pump driven by air actuated pistons.
The boosters are concealed in air-tight stainless steel enclosures. The output pressure gets higher as the ratio increases. A given ratio can be altered by altering piston ratios and so on, labeling the capacity of working of the gas booster. They come with adjustable expansion joints, pressure gauges at inlet and outlet, low inlet pressure switch, heat exchangers, high-quality pressure regulators, and overall enhanced control features. This allows you a dominant control over the discharged pressure as it is the sum of booster throttled pressure plus incoming gas pressure.
Additional cutting-edge features are continually being installed to increase their efficiency and safety while making them economical and easy to use, like:
Seal-less compressors where magnetic field moves the piston, eliminating mechanical links.
Anaerobic digestion compressors on landfills include protective epoxy coatings.
Modulation re-circulation valve with a heat exchanger in a loop to lower operating flow below rated flow.
OSHA rated internal clearances to increase long-term reliability and reduce noise during operation.
Make sure your industrial requirements are fulfilled.
Advantages of Using a Gas Pressure Booster System
As we know gas pressure booster systems offer pressures up to 36000 psi, they are a more reliable solution compared to cylinders. They’re easy to maintain and compact. Most of them are robustly sealed with high-grade steel and, thus, are explosion-proof and safe. They’re also eco-friendly and prevent your industry from Inter-state, Chicago-based or UNFCCC bans.
They offer a number of operational benefits:
Reduces the job-site pressure as it’s the most reliable system due to embedded PLCs
It’s an easy-to-install solution
Low maintenance and fit for fast-track schedules
Portable and easy to use controls
Sensors to monitor data
Ability to modify or stall pressure to fit the requirement of an appliance
Hydrocarbon free due to the separation between air and gas content
No limit or negative effect to constantly alternating-switching applications
Applications of Gas Pressure Booster System
Gas Boosters are a common part of almost every industry. To supply higher-pressure appliances, it’d be more economical to use gas boosters, as increasing the pressure on the main regulator and fitting individual regulators at each low-pressure appliance would cost more. Due to the wide range of designs, it is best to select booster optimized for your application. A double acting or single acting, single stage or multistage or a combination of these allow you to achieve the best operating pressures and flow capacities. We recommend hiring Chicago MEP engineers to guide you through the process.
Some of the industrial and commercial zones with possible applications are:
Automotive Industry (Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder actuation, Charging Vehicle Suspension Systems)
Safety and Rescue Industry (Charging Gun Recoil Mechanism, Hydrogen Fueling, Filling airbag cylinder)Theaters, public halls (Central vacuuming system)
Power and Energy Industries (Charging Infrared Missile Cooling System, Pressure Testing of Valves)
Aerospace Industry (Charging Aircraft Landing Gear, Missile Testing)
Oil and Gas Industry (Helium Recovery, Pressure Testing)
Manufacturing Industry (Calibration, Water-Jet Cutting and Blasting, Metal cutting)
Laboratory Research (Pressure equalization Down Hole Upstream, Fuel Cell Research)
Public transportation (Central vacuum systems with long hoses to clean buses and rail cars)
How to Select the Right Gas Booster
Selection of a gas pressure booster that suits your need, is a more critical matter than the selection of a liquid pump. Gas is a compressible medium and is generally unaffected by gravitational force. It is recommended to hover over the following list of questions regarding parameters and make a checklist when determining the ideal gas booster for your firm.
What is the required maximum outlet pressure?
What is the gas supply pressure or inlet pressure to the booster?
Is the inlet pressure constant?
If pressure fluctuates what is the range of fluctuation?
What are the air drive pressure and air drive volume?
Which type of gas is being used?
What are the ambient conditions?
What is the flow rate required and at which pressure?
Is there a time constraint to fill a particular volume of the vessel?
Make a selection on pressure first, and then make a selection of the required flow rate based on the gas supply pressure.
For an accurate gas booster selection, it is recommended to hire Chicago MEP Engineers. It allows you to get additional support and compliance with section 414.3 of Gas Piping Installation, of the International Fuel Gas Code. Engineers have specially developed computer programs to accurately calculate and judge the right booster installation for your desired application.
A gas booster shouldn’t be turned on without gas being directed through it. Make sure contamination levels are at their lowest in the gas. Most importantly, give proper time and attention to servicing.
At Nearby EngineersNew York Engineers , we search for simple, eloquent solutions to complex problems. We minimize construction costs by eliminating the extraneous and focusing on the overall efficiency for the most streamlined designs. | <urn:uuid:c0893764-e008-44e4-bff5-98ad8d512a91> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/amp-up-the-pressure-through-natural-gas-booster-systems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141396.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200216182139-20200216212139-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.908572 | 1,367 | 2.65625 | 3 |
This database contains images of Church of England confirmation records in registers from parishes in the West Yorkshire area of England.
Before civil registration in England began in 1837, key events in a person’s life were typically recorded by the church rather than the state. Parish records are the best source of vital record information in England before the nineteenth century and remain an important source thereafter.
Over time, what is now called confirmation in the Church of England became a separate rite from baptism, as a bishop needed to perform the confirmations, and bishops could not attend all baptisms. Confirmation now usually comes later in life and affirms one’s commitment to the Christian life represented by baptism. Thus, most of the people named in these registers are teenagers and young adults.
The records typically include spaces for name, age, address, date of first communion, and sometimes change of address or other remarks. In some instances, a birth date will be given for the age. Others may list only name, date, and address. | <urn:uuid:3f29fbf6-ba45-4e94-9f51-4c0dffc24003> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://search.ancestry.co.uk/search/db.aspx?dbid=2255&bm=W | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221209650.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20180814225028-20180815005028-00123.warc.gz | en | 0.954364 | 209 | 2.78125 | 3 |
They had 28 doughnuts and 7 officers to feed. The cook wanted to give each one 13 doughnuts! To prove he was right he did the problem three different ways. When they did division, they said to do 28 one time. They should have it in 4 times. Next, they did multiplication. They did not put a place holder so they got it wrong. Finally they tried to do addition. They did not carry the 2 when adding the ones column of 13 seven times. Instead they continued to count arriving at 21 + 7 more to get 28. If they wanted to give each officer 13, they would have to bake 91 doughnuts in all. Instead the cook had baked 28 doughnuts. That would be enough to give each officer 4 each. | <urn:uuid:25fac31e-162a-4e44-a84e-520fdf70fae8> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://classblogmeister.com/blog.php?blogger_id=352424&assignmentid=12930 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802777454.142/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075257-00136-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.99211 | 153 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Building a sustainable future
By Norman Foster
YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS
(CNN) -- Two trends will affect global practice over the next two decades: the need to pursue sustainable patterns of development; and the opportunities presented by developing economies.
The need to address man's impact on the environment has never been more urgent. Scientists predict that the Earth will warm by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius by 2100 -- more than temperatures are thought to have changed since the dawn of humanity.
It is now widely accepted that this is largely due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases -- mostly significantly CO2.
In the developed world, buildings consume half the energy we generate and are responsible for half of CO2 emissions, the remainder being divided between transport and industry.
That is alarming enough. But what will happen as the developing world catches up?
China predicts a doubling of GDP in 2010 compared with 2000, and Kazakhstan, one of the fastest-growing economies, had an astonishing 9.5 per cent growth in 2002.
In China, the building boom is unprecedented, fast and furious. Cities such as Beijing and Shanghai change virtually by the day, with sobering environmental implications.
To avoid global environmental catastrophe, every country has to adopt sustainable development strategies.
Sustainability requires us to think holistically: the location and function of a building; its flexibility and life-span; its orientation, its form and structure; its heating and ventilation systems, and the materials used, all impact upon the amount of energy used to build, run and maintain it.
Virtually every new building can be designed to run on a fraction of current energy levels. However, that is only part of the story. There are two further crucial issues: population growth and the shift towards living in cities.
The world's population stands at 6.4 billion; in 10 years it is expected to reach 7.5 billion. By 2015 there will be 23 "megacities" with populations over 10 million. Nineteen of them will be in developing countries, where up to half the population will be urbanized.
Cities that sprawl are far less energy efficient than densely planned communities. Car travel is a crucial factor. Imagine somebody driving 20 kilometers to work each day. His or her housing will consume 720 liters of oil per annum, the workplace 285 liters, and transport 900 liters. This tells us that even if the buildings were zero energy and carbon free, we would still have problems.
Alarmingly, in most countries car usage is still increasing. To reduce car travel we have to encourage compact cities and high-density new development.
Critics argue that higher densities lead to "poorer" environments. But that does not follow. Monaco and Macao, the world's densest urban communities, are at opposite ends of the economic spectrum.
In London some of the most densely populated areas offer the most desirable lifestyle: Kensington and Chelsea have population densities up to three times those of London's poorest boroughs.
Holistic thinking must equally be applied to infrastructure -- transport systems, streets and public spaces -- the "urban glue" that holds cities together. The quality of infrastructure impacts directly on the quality of urban life.
The clean nature of much post-industrial work means workplaces can be combined with housing and localized communities can be sustained when transport connections, businesses, schools and shops are all within walking or cycling distance of home.
Architects have a vital role as advocates of sustainable solutions. But we also need more progressive developers and politicians with courage to set goals and incentives for society to follow.
Some countries have given a lead: Germany has long understood the need to reduce consumption and adopt renewable energy sources, and that is reflected in building codes.
Others, in varying degrees, lag behind. There are no technological barriers to sustainable development, only ones of political will.
If we are to avoid the environmental damage wrought by the unsustainable patterns of the past, then the established and emerging economies must act in unison and with urgency before it is too late.
-- Lord Foster is principal of Norman Foster & Partners, London. His works include the Millennium Bridge in London, the glass dome for the Reichstag redevelopment in Berlin and the Grand Viaduc du Millau in the south of France
|© 2007 Cable News Network LP, LLLP.
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Read our privacy guidelines. Contact us. Site Map. | <urn:uuid:c73fe79e-83dc-483b-88ea-19b856dce302> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/05/11/foster.visionary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164566315/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134246-00055-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94041 | 928 | 3.09375 | 3 |
If you’re someone who cares not only about your appearance but also health, then it’s a must for you to generously apply sunscreen (preferably one that has a sun protection factor or SPF of not less than 30) on exposed areas of your body before going outside during the day.
Refrain from assuming that the sun is pure evil. According to health authorities, the sun is actually a fantastic source of vitamin D. This nutrient is essential for strengthening the immune system, lifting the mood, and lowering your risk of osteoporosis and certain cancers.
To get enough vitamin D, it is recommended for you to allow your skin to come into contact with direct sunlight for 10 to 15 minutes before 10 in the morning and after 4 in the afternoon. At any other time of the day, make sure that you use sunscreen generously.
Applying it as necessary helps shield your skin from the many different harmful effects of getting more sun than you should, ranging from uneven pigmentation to skin cancer. Here are some of the things that would happen if you failed to do so:
You Would Have Blotchy Skin
It’s very much possible for the dark-colored pigment called melanin to appear more in certain areas of your skin. This is the reason why it’s not unlikely for you to end up with blotchy skin if you fail to apply sunscreen before stepping foot outside.
You Would Sport Unsightly Age Spots
A lot of beauty-conscious women love to be spotted with some freckles. On the other hand, no woman on the planet wants to be seen with age spots. Age spots are nothing like freckles as they are larger and darker, and they’re more common among those who are 30 years old and above.
You Would be Seen With Wrinkles
Did you know that too much sun can cause collagen to breakdown? Collagen is a structural type of protein that makes your skin firm. Needless to say, not having enough collagen can cause your skin to become loose and saggy, thus causing wrinkles to come into being.
You Would Have Increased Skin Cancer Risk
Even during a particularly cloudy day, it’s still a good idea for you to generously apply sunscreen. That’s because the sun’s UV rays, the ones that can cause skin cancer, are capable of penetrating clouds and come into contact with your skin.
You Would Have Darker Skin Color
Planning on undergoing laser hair removal? Then make sure that you start using sunscreen 4 to 6 weeks before you step foot inside the skin care center of your choice. Such is to protect your skin from darkening, which can keep laser from impressing.
You Would End Up With Nasty Sunburn
Definitely, failure to shield your skin from the UV rays of the sun with sunscreen can leave you with a nasty case of sunburn. The longer you remain unprotected, the worse the resulting sunburn — everyone knows how unpleasant and unsightly its symptoms can be!
These are the things that would happen if you skipped applying sunscreen before stepping foot outside during the day. So if you care about your appearance and health, make sure that you get your hands on a bottle of sunscreen and use it as necessary.
Applying sunscreen is easier now more than ever. That’s because you can choose from a wide variety of sunscreen types, ranging from lotions, sprays to sticks. There are also various beauty products that offer integrated sunscreen protection, such as moisturizers and lip balms.
For superb protection from the UV rays given off by the sun, check that the sunscreen of your choice has an SPF of 30. Feeling generous? Feel free to opt for one with a higher SPF. The higher the number you see, the better protection you get. | <urn:uuid:2e83946b-cecb-45b0-9f58-584bd07979c5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.healthdigezt.com/what-would-happen-if-you-skipped-using-sunscreen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500641.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207201702-20230207231702-00229.warc.gz | en | 0.945171 | 784 | 2.640625 | 3 |
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The radioactivity actual comes from a minute particle of matter (created by a nuclear explosion) that is so tiny that you can't see it, but that tiny particle of matter attaches itself to another piece of dust or sand that is blown away from the site of explosion and sometimes carried great distances by air streams before it "falls out" of the air. It is from this that we get the name 'fallout'.
Energy radiates (it is called radiation) off of the piece of fallout in just the sameway radiation as light radiates off of a lit match head. The only difference about this radiation is that like X-ray, it is not visible to the human eye. (Coincidently, like the radiation on the match head, it will burn itself out but on average it takes it a couple of weeks to do so, or to become so low in energy that it is insignificant).
The amount of radiation, that one receives from a single grain of fallout, is insignificant, and much less energy than the amount from the single light sources in the example that I am about to give, but because there can be millions of pieces of fallout lying about on the ground outside - their effect can be fatal.
Now, for my example. Suppose you, along with tens of thousands of other individuals, attended some event inside a large domed stadium. And suppose EVERY light in the place went out. There were no emergency lights anywhere, no windows, no light working its way in through the doorway ramps. Nothing. It is pitch dark. And then some bright minded soul gets an idea and takes out his Bic and flips it. Suddenly, everyone in the place can see that pin point of light, although nothing else. But everyone else also happens to have a Bic and they all take it out and flick it - and NOW the stadium is so bright that you could read a newspaper in there.
The quantity of fallout, lying about, outside a shelter can be so immense (you could probably even feel the dust by running your finger over the hood of a car) that the energy it is giving out (though not visible) is many times greater than that from EVERYONE having flicked their Bic inside the domed stadium.
However, the real situation with fallout is that it falls out - outside, and with a properly designed shelter there is very little that is in the air that flows through on the inside. It is sort of like only one or a half dozen people in the domed stadium had Bics. That little bit of light from the Bics was not going to help you - and that little bit of radiation from the fallout inside a shelter is not going to harm you.
Now, we didn't always know this. And some knowledgeable people, while absolutely agreeing that one is many, many, times better off inside a shelter, do not completely agree - because they feel that even breathing a particle or two into your lungs is detrimental - still MOST experts agree that it is not a matter to concern yourself about.
Many decades ago, when I first started designing shelters, we all worried about having one micron filters. But now, while I have the most elaborate shelter that I know of, I do not worry about such things. Ninety degree turns in the doorways and air intakes, with the air intakes being four feet above the ground where the fallout lands - and there should not be much come into the shelter. If you are still concerned, then hang a wet bedsheet over the air pathway of the air coming into the shelter. That will trap the particles and you won't be breathing them. There are not likely to be so many in the sheet that you need to worry about it either - but that you can tell with a radiation detector.
As to filtering air for chemicals and biologicals - that is a whole different matter. My contention is that they are not a threat in my particular locale. The defense against plagues and such later will require a much different strategy. While I could go into all these subjects, my experience has been that most people who are interested in them are just talkers. They have never actually built even a fallout shelter. In fact, after decades of experience in talking to tens of thousands of people about shelters I now know that most people just talk, talk, talk and never build anything. I hope that you are not one of those people and that you will actually build a shelter - and not worry about such elaborations as one micron filters. Ninety-nine percent of your protection will come from the most simple first steps.
What is important in a shelter is VENTILATION. The following two documents are very important to study ahead of time so that you will be prepared to provide the necessary ventilation.
Ventilation and Air Pumps)
|MENU: HOME » SURVIVAL » Index of States| | <urn:uuid:52588941-a027-4548-87d7-a667fe0fe945> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.ki4u.com/webpal/d_resources/survival/shelterair.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741324.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113153141-20181113175141-00097.warc.gz | en | 0.971214 | 1,012 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Years in the making, this map pinpoints the locations of grave markers at East End using GIS technology and drone imagery. As of September 2020, nearly 3,250 markers have been mapped, with points indicating their precise positions in the cemetery. Points will continue to be added as markers are found. The map was created and is maintained through a partnership with the Digital Scholarship Lab and the Spatial Analysis Lab at the University of Richmond.
A visually dynamic resource, this website situates the cemetery and the people buried there in their historical context and features photographs made through the years at East End, as well as archival images from public-domain sources and from relatives of the deceased. Like the archive, the site is designed to accept content from users—photos, documents, stories—and contains a growing number of short biographies written by family members and other researchers.**
Context and Related Articles
Black Deaths Matter: By Seth Freed Wessler. October 15, 2015.
For the Forgotten African American Dead. By Brian Palmer. January 07, 2017
Perpetual Neglect: The Preservation Crisis of African American Cemeteries. By Zach Mortice. May 2017.
[Costs of the Confederacy.] (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/costs-confederacy-special-report-180970731/) December 2018. Smithsonian Magazine: A special report by Smithsonian and the Investigative Fund at the Nation Institute
Monumental Lies. December 8, 2018
The Geer Cemetery: A Lesson in Black History. By William Sturkey. February 5, 2019
How Decades of Racist Housing Policy Left Neighborhoods Sweltering. September 6, 2020. | <urn:uuid:c32c971d-95df-4776-8cea-5f24995b3741> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://search.eastendcemeteryrva.com/links | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038061562.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411055903-20210411085903-00416.warc.gz | en | 0.936667 | 347 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Hispanics in the United States on the whole are younger than the general U.S. population. The median age for Hispanics is 27 years while the median age for the U.S. population is 37 years.
According to tabulations of the Census Bureau’s 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) by the Pew Hispanic Center, the youngest Hispanic groups are Mexicans (25), Puerto Ricans (27) and Guatemalans (27).
Cubans are the oldest Hispanic group, with a median age of 40 years, higher than the median age of the U.S. population as a whole. Read More | <urn:uuid:cf4c1f6a-f331-4c72-b384-325288070966> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2012/07/02/median-age-for-hispanics-is-lower-than-median-age-for-total-u-s-population/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998440.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190617063049-20190617085049-00341.warc.gz | en | 0.926202 | 127 | 3.234375 | 3 |
ERIC Number: ED439775
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1998
Reference Count: N/A
Parenting with Dr. Scoresby: The Guide for Raising Successful Happy Children. [Videotapes].
Noting that understanding what your children think, feel, and need at each stage of their development is critical to helping them be successful, these four videotapes outline a new approach to parenting that provides the necessary tools to understand your children's perspective on the world, and establish a family structure to best promote the child's growth and development. The first videotape, "Focus on the Children," explores the characteristics of a family environment--tasks, rules, relationships--and notes that what is most emphasized in the family environment are the areas in which children will become competent. The video then provides a framework for a successful balance of these elements: take a developmental perspective in dealing with children; understand and adapt the family environment to child's developmental needs at a given age; and provide clear and consistent family leadership. The video then details the six vital principles of this leadership: (1) prepare more than you punish; (2) communicate more than you control; (3) encourage more than you criticize; (4) involve and individualize; (5) love more than you isolate; and (6) love enough to limit. The second video, "Beginnings--Birth to Age 5," explores the developmental (cognitive, kinesthetic, and emotional) needs of children at various points in this age range, and how to balance the three elements of family environment and apply the six principles of leadership appropriately to these needs. The third video, "Consolidation--Ages 6-11," notes that in this age range, children begin spending more time in other venues such as school or friends' houses, and individual capabilities are becoming visible. The video then details the physical, mental, social, emotional, and moral aspects of the child's development during these years, and how to balance the elements of the family environment and apply the six principles of leadership appropriately for this developmental stage. The fourth video, "Flexibility/Launching--Ages 12 and Up," notes that during adolescence, children encounter some of the challenges adults face, and that a smooth adolescence requires use of the family relationship rather than the rules to motivate appropriate behavior. The video then details the physical mental, emotional, social, and moral aspects of adolescent development, and how to balance the elements of the family environment and to apply the six principles of leadership appropriately for this developmental stage. The videos include vignettes illustrating application of the leadership principles. (HTH)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Child Rearing, Childhood Needs, Children, Developmental Stages, Discipline, Family Environment, Individual Development, Leadership Qualities, Parent Child Relationship, Videotape Recordings
Parenting Project, Inc., 2250 North University Parkway, Room 4857, Provo, UT 84604 (Four 75-90 minutes VHS tapes, $24.95 each; set of 4, $79.95). Tel: 800-898-8938 (Toll Free).
Publication Type: Non-Print Media
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A | <urn:uuid:9f56f671-e866-4609-9aa3-f4f79d063ce4> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED439775 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170993.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00466-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914291 | 674 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The Science of Snort Wheezes
With leaves rustling down the trail, a bit of anxiety crept in. It was late October, and any movement this time of year could be a buck worthy of an arrow. Just as I readied my bow, a sharp noise cut through the sound of encroaching footsteps. It was a racket I’d only ever heard come from my own mouth: a snort-wheeze.
Shortly thereafter, a young buck came running down the trail with a bigger buck in tow. The buck in the back was vocal the whole way, grunting at the youngin’ who wanted nothing to do with his superior. The whole scene lasted just a couple seconds, but it was one I’ll never forget.
What I’ll remember best was how the excitement started. I’ve heard every other deer vocalization in the woods, but never a snort-wheeze.
Most believe that snort-wheezes are only used by dominant bucks, which could be an explanation for why they’re so rarely witnessed. Is that the case, though?
Hunters on Snort-Wheezes
I reached out to Troy Spolum and Neal McCullough of Bowhunt or Die to see what role they think snort-wheezes play in deer communication. Both have similar feelings on the call. “I believe the snort wheeze is a dominant and territorial vocalization, so naturally it’s used by mature bucks,” Troy said.
“I’ve had very few encounters with whitetails actually snort-wheezing, but in my experience, it’s a behavior of dominant bucks, and not something younger deer do,” agreed Neal.
As for using snort-wheezes while hunting, Troy and Neal like the perspective of calling in loner bucks in thick cover. It’s a technique that’s proven successful, too.
“I’ve killed two bucks with a grunt, can call, and snort-wheeze combination,” said Neal. “Both hunts were in thick, hilly country where uncertainty of where the call came from drew the buck in.”
Science on Snort-Wheezes
Little in the form of scientific literature exists on the specifics of whitetails and snort-wheezes. One published study from the Journal of Mammalogy in 1983 covers whitetail acoustics in-depth, though, as one of the few authorities on the subject.
In that study, researchers made tape recordings of 40 penned deer over the span of 13 months. Within that time frame, they recorded and observed 444 vocalizations that fell into eight different categories, including snort-wheezes.
“The unvoiced components of the snort-wheeze consist of one to three snorts made in quick succession, followed by a wheeze – a sibilant expulsion of air through closed vibrating nostrils.”
The biologists noted both sexes used snort-wheezes, although females did far less often. They also described typical behavior that often followed, like nose-licking, circling, lunging, and flailing, describing the action as used in “dominant-subordinate situations.”
“The snort-wheeze is often emitted by a male in the presence of a person or another male deer that poses a threat. Noticeably aggressive males could be provoked into lunging and giving the aggressive snort.”
Although the journal article doesn’t have any statistics on whether or not it was strictly dominant bucks using snort-wheezes, it does provide other clues that can help deduce that. Since it’s a vocalization that’s used in hierarchy situations as a way to challenge other deer, it’s more often than not going to come from a buck that’s confident in its rank.
As hunters, this is noteworthy, and shows why we see the wide range of responses from deer, from running away to accepting the challenge. It seems like bigger bucks would be more likely to issue the call, as well as respond to it. | <urn:uuid:935de6ba-4d58-4fed-9070-a0a40e90bb79> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.rutfresh.com/single-post/2018/02/10/the-science-of-snort-wheezes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038092961.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416221552-20210417011552-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.968304 | 887 | 3.03125 | 3 |
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