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The City of Polish Children
How Isfahan in Iran became the City of Polish Children during the Second World War.
Group photo of older children at one of the children's homes in Isfahan. Reproduced with kind permission from the personal collection of Dioniza Choros, Kresy, Siberia Virtual Museum (http://kresy-siberia.org/hom/element/gradzik-collection/group-photo-at-isfahan-childrens-camp/)
Intelligence summaries prepared by Britain's Embassy in Tehran during the Second World War record details of the journeys made by Polish military and civilian refugees from the Soviet Union to Iran between 1942 and 1944. In these reports, one poignant statistic stands out: in January 1943 the camp in the city of Isfahan contained 2,457 civilian refugees, of which 2,043 were children.
Extract of an intelligence summary, prepared by the Military Attaché at the British Embassy in Tehran, 21-26 January 1943. IOR/L/PS/12/3504, f71.
Most of Isfahan's 2,000 children were either orphans or were accompanied by their one surviving parent. They were part of the second wave of the evacuation of 25,000 Polish refugees from the Soviet Union in August 1942, where they had been incarcerated since the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939. After Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 Stalin signed a Polish-Soviet treaty that freed Polish citizens in Russia. After years of incarceration, violence, malnutrition and disease, and with no homeland to return to, the futures of these Polish refugees remained bleak.
In August 1942 thousands of Polish refugees arrived from Russia at the Iranian port of Pahlavi (now Anzali) on the Caspian Sea. The Red Cross and the Polish Government in Exile assisted in the establishment of transit camps for the refugees. To prevent the spread of disease and lice the refugees’ hair was shaved off, and the rags they wore incinerated. New clothes, shelter and provisions were supplied. From Pahlavi the refugees travelled onwards to Tehran, Isfahan, Ahwaz and Mashhad. Children needing the most care were sent to Isfahan, where the climate was thought more amenable to their recovery.
Portrait of Polish refugee children, taken by Abolghasem Jala between 1942-1944. Abolghasem Jala took thousands of portraits of Polish refugees during his time in Isfahan at the Sharq photographic studio. Abolghasem Jala Photographic Collection, Endangered Archives Programme, EAP001/7/1 (http://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP001-7-1)
Memoirs indicate the sympathetic reception given by Iranians to the Polish refugees. One man recalled that the Iranians he met at Pahlavi were ‘well-wishing, very cordial and presented the Polish youth with sundry delicious tidbits’. Another family remembered being ‘warmly greeted by the Persian people with gifts of food, dates and clothes’ upon their arrival in Tehran.
Photograph of Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Isfahan, in 1925, taken by Walter Mittelholzer. Source: ETH-Bibliothek Zürich, Bildarchiv/Stiftung Luftbild Schweiz (http://doi.org/10.3932/ethz-a-000274599_) Public Domain
With its tree-lined avenues and numerous gardens and parks, Isfahan was ideal for healing young lives damaged by war and exile.
Twenty-one ‘establishments’ were opened across the city for Polish children, many of which were concentrated around Isfahan’s famous Chahar Bagh boulevard. Royal princes, affluent families and the city’s religious institutions donated their palaces, mansions, monasteries and convents for use as orphanages, hospitals and schools. Many establishments had their own gardens that the children made full use of. One former refugee later recalled walking through a ‘paradise of tall mulberry, fig, and quince trees and pistachio bushes’. Eight primary schools and one secondary school were established for Isfahan’s Polish children, as was a technical school training women in tailoring. Scout and Girl Guide groups also proved a popular activity.
Many of Isfahan’s Polish children remained in the city for the duration of the War. Later on they departed for new lives in East Africa, India, Mexico and New Zealand. Memoirs shared by the Polish diaspora indicate a fond regard for their time in Iran, and for Isfahan in particular which, for many, will always be remembered as ‘the city of Polish children.’
Content Specialist: Gulf History, Qatar Foundation Partnership Programme
British Library, London. Coll 28/97 'Persia. Diaries. Tehran Intelligence Summaries', IOR/L/PS/12/3504 *currently being digitised for the Qatar Digital Library*
Irena Beaupré-Stankiewicz; Danuta Waszczuk-Kamieniecka; Jadwiga Lewicka-Howells (eds.) Isfahan, City of Polish Children (Hove, Sussex: Association of Former Pupils of Polish Schools, Isfahan and Lebanon, 1989)
Anna D. Jaroszynska-Kirchmann, The Exile Mission: The Polish Political Diaspora and Polish Americans, 1936-1956 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004)
Andrzej Szujecki “Near and Middle East” in Tadeusz Piotrowski (ed.) The Polish Deportees of World War II: Recollections of Removal from the Soviet Union and Dispersal throughout the World (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007)
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The benefits of having NGOs in India are many. There might be several groups that talk against the running of NGOs in India; however, the truth is that India desperately needs India NGOs to support its government in improving the lifestyle of the people soon. Though there are many criticisms saying that they are wasting the money they raise on their own requirements and not for executing welfare programs, this cannot be concluded to be the truth. The truth is that the NGO in India suffer a lot to raise funds for running the programs. As India is a large country and the as the population is huge, it may not be practically possible for the government to take care of all the activities, and the country definitely needs the support of the NGO in India to take care of the rest.
As the standard of life certainly needs to be improved for majority of the people, India NGOs develop and work on various projects that would help people in changing their life styles. Because of the practical difficulties that the government faces in attending every corner of the country, the government as well encourages and supports NGOs in India in performing their duties. As the motto of the NGO in India is solely to offer free education in India for poor children and to uplift the lives of people who are living under the poverty line, they have all their time to think only about it and to work on various programs that would make it happen. This relaxes the government and helps it to concentrate on other issues that can only be handled by the government. However, there are also hundreds of other welfare programs that are run just for the benefit of the people.
As it would not be possible as individual to work on such big targets, NGOs in India form a group, frame some procedures and work towards it. This not only makes sure that the programs reach the people but also benefits them at appropriate timing. These India NGOs run various free education in India, welfare programs for women and many other programs that would help them in getting improving their life styles. They even develop many programs that would offer employment opportunities for the poor people. Basically, what they do is, they teach them how to earn money and show them various ways to do that rather than directly giving them money. Apart from all these, they run several funds raising programs and events that would help them in raising funds for running all these welfare programs. Besides that, they also request the public to come forward and help them with their time and money to run these programs successfully.
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This was originally published in our STEAM Outside program. But such an easy, fun family science opportunity has to be shared!
When you go outside at night and look at the stars, what do you see? Do you see the great expanse of space and the ribbon of milky way across the sky? Or can you only see the moon as the lights of your city block out the stars light?
Well that is what scientists want to know!
Globe at Night is a worldwide citizen science project that asks you to look up at the sky and tell them what you see. The perfect project for kids and families.
What’s the project about?
The Globe at Night project is all about light pollution. But what is light pollution? Well, it is excessive artificial light. When you go out on a clear night in the city but you can’t see any stars, that is from all of the lights around you.
But light pollution is not only about seeing the stars. Too much light 24/7 has adverse effects on ecosystems and even our own bodies. Who knew?? You can learn all about light pollution from the Globe at Night’s “Learn” page.
How do I help?
It is so easy! That is why we are recommending it as a great family opportunity. There are just a few steps. Plus, the kids love being able to stay up a little late to look at the stars.
- Check which Constellation. The Globe at Night project looks at a different constellation of stars each month. So check which one they are working on right now. The site has mythology about each of the constellations and also helps you in identifying it in the sky. I certainly don’t know where all the constellations are so that is very helpful.
- Look at the Magnitude Charts. The magnitude charts are just examples of which stars you can see. If you can only see that very brightest stars in that area, that would be a magnitude of 1. If you are up in the mountains away from artificially light and it looks like the sky is just full of stars, that would be a magnitude of 7.
- Head Outside. Go outside more than an hour after sunset. Find the constellation so you are looking at the right patch of sky and decide what magnitude of brightness the stars are.
- Record your Observation. Get back on the Globe at Night website to report your data. It wants to know date, time, magnitude, sky conditions and location.
That’s it! Pretty easy right? And you can make it fun by setting out a blanket, seeing what other constellations you can find, and just talking in the dark.
A few other things you will find on on the site.
- Map of worldwide observations back until 2006
- Constellation mythologies
- Relevant educational standards for math and science
- Related activities about constellations, demonstrating light pollution, performing a light audit, wildlife workbooks… There is quite a bit of good stuff here.
One thing I really love to see in a citizen science project is examples of the data actually being used! I mean, we the people have gone out and collected this data, so it is just sitting around? Or is someone actually doing something useful with it?
They have a page where you can see interactive maps and download the data sets but the site is missing any kind of information about studies using the data, papers published, etc. Unfortunately, that is a point where I think this project is lacking.
But overall, this is a fun and easy project. So get out and be a scientist! And tag us on social media and share with us how it goes!
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If you know the student’s approximate test scores, add them together, then divide by 4. This is the test average. Then add 20%- 30% to their test average for their notes, review questions, labs, etc. Here is the formula:
Test Average x .20 = X
Test Average (.80) + X (.20) = Overall grade
If you don’t have any idea what your student’s test grades were, and a CLEP exam is available, the student can complete our CLEP Professor course (Biology, Chemistry, and Physics only) which is a 2-3 week course that prepares students for the corresponding CLEP exams. Use the practice test average as their test average in the formula above. For a high school course, use the following grade equivalents:
60+ = 100 50 - 59 = 90 45 - 49 = 80 40 - 45 = 75
If they score a 60 or above, Dr. Shormann recommends they take the exam which not only can earn up to 8 college credits, it also validates your transcript and demonstrates college readiness. While having a good transcript is important, the primary criteria for college admissions are PSAT, SAT, and ACT scores, as well as CLEP and AP exams. I have posted some articles below with more information. Please let me know if you have any questions or if there is anything else I can do for you.
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Baku, June 2 AZERTAC
British ophthalmologist Andrew Bastawrous moved his family from London to Kenya in 2013 with $150,000 of equipment, a team of 15 people and an ambitious goal: to understand the causes of blindness in rural Africa. It didn't take long before he encountered all sorts of obstacles, including unpredictable power supplies and the regular need to run a gas-fueled generator to keep the equipment going. Many of the villages he was trying to reach had no roads and no electricity.
There had to be a better way, Bastawrous thought as he set about developing a smartphone app to help conduct high-quality eye exams without the need for heavy or expensive equipment. In the first published study on the app, called Peek, he and colleagues report that, for a group of older Kenyans, the phone-based vision test worked just as well as the gold-standard methods used in a doctor's office.
Of the 285 million people in the world with vision impairment, 80 percent live in low-income countries. The vast majority have preventable or treatable conditions, like glaucoma or cataracts. By increasing access to simple and affordable eye tests, Bastawrous hopes to create awareness about eye conditions and, in turn, connect patients with vision-saving treatments.
There are two standard ways to test vision. One is with a traditional letter chart that shows progressively smaller letters as patients read down each line. A newer, more accurate method uses an electronically powered box that illuminates letters of various sizes.
The Peek vision test looks a little different. On the phone's screen, patients see just one letter: an "E" that can be displayed with the prongs facing up, down, to the left or to the right. Patients don't need to be able to read or to know the English alphabet. They just point a finger in the direction they see the E facing. If it looks like a "W," for example, when pointing up.
The test-giver, who does not need to be a trained health care worker, stands 6 feet away and simply swipes the phone to indicate the way the patient thinks the E is positioned. If the patient shakes his head because the letter is too blurry, the test-giver shakes the phone. That's the "don't know" response.
At the end of the test, which takes a little over a minute, the phone vibrates and dings. Results appear immediately on the screen and can be translated to the 20/20 scale. The app can also show the patient's level of blurriness compared to normal vision.
For the latest trial, Bastawrous' team evaluated 233 Kenyans who were 55 or older. At home, patients took two eye exams: one with the Peek app and one with a standard paper chart. The next day, the same people went to a temporary clinic, where they completed the same two tests as well as one with the newer electronic technology.
Results, which appeared Thursday in the journal JAMA Ophthalmology, showed that the Peek test was as accurate as the other two methods for testing vision. The app's test, Bastawrous adds, was as quick if not quicker than the paper chart.
© Content from this site must be hyperlinked when used.
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Biting is a general problem in toddlers. As they grow they get teeth coming in their mouth. They always rotate their tongue over them and bite inside the mouth. Here are some ways through which one can prevent the toddlers from biting and remove this bad habit from them.
1. Keeping a Check: Whenever you feel that your child is biting always intervene and check the triggers that he shows. This way you can prevent the kid from swallowing the teeth in their stomach. Always keep an eye on the activities of the toddler. They do it when they are alone. When they are in a large group chances are higher of biting and parents need to be very careful.
2. Guide them not to do this: One way is to teach the toddler that this is wrong and it can create problem for them. Speak them some strict words like “Don’t bite” “This is wrong” and instruct them not to repeat this. This way they will feel some fear and understand that biting is a bad habit which needs to be get rid of. Next time they will lower the activity.
3. Give them Alternatives: When the child is developing the habit of biting the parents must try to give them some alternatives to distract them into a positive direction. Never scold or slap the toddler when she bites. It can create a negative impact in their personality. They must be handled with love and care to remove this wrong habit.
4. Appreciate the Improvements: When the child is biting you or others try to tell them way to this bad habit. When the toddler is start leaving this habit of biting, praise him for the good efforts. Give them their favorite food items as reward. It will create reinforcement for the good habits of not biting at times. They will feel motivated as if they have achieved something and follow the further instructions with utmost attention.
5. Have Supervision: One way is to give a proper supervision to the toddler for removal of biting habits. Whenever the kid is trying to bite something give a firm look at him but do not take any physical action against them. He will feel that it is a wrong deed that is why mother is staring at me. This supervision will condition in the toddler in such a way that next time when he feels like biting, he will remember the incidence. It can lower the biting phenomenon in the toddlers.
6. Tell them to convey their feelings: When the toddler has come to normal mood tell them to express his feeling in other ways. Calm them down and try to understand their feelings. Make them understand that this is very painful way to tell their things. Inform them that if they will bite, nobody will like to come close to them. They can lose the attention and love from people. This way they will understand that biting can create big problems in their life and they will strive to remove this habit.
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| 0.973324 | 583 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Elderberries, which are taken from the native Sambucus elder tree, have long been used as a food and medicine to provide immune support.
To prepare elderberry pies, jams, juices, or wine nowadays, the sour berries are frequently boiled down. While decisive study is still being conducted, many people rely on elderberry syrup or tablets to strengthen their immune systems and recover from common ailments because they believe it has therapeutic capabilities.
But are elderberry’s health advantages legitimate, or is this colorful fruit just capitalizing on its good name? Let’s find out.
Nutrition Facts of Elderberry
The USDA provides the following nutritional data for 1 cup (145g) of fresh, fresh elderberries.
- 106 calories
- Fat: 0.7g
- Salt: 9 mg
- 27g of carbohydrates
- 10g of fiber
- 0g sugars
- 1 g of protein
Minerals and vitamins
Elderberries supply beta carotene, which the body transforms into vitamin A, and fulfill around 6% of your daily needs. You can use this vitamin to fight off free radicals that harm your heart, lungs, and skin.
Additionally, vitamin A helps fight inflammation, which can obstruct cells’ and muscles’ ability to operate normally.
Elderberries are a significant supply of vitamin C, that promotes body growth and repair and aids in the production of collagen. They also provide 6% of your daily calcium requirement.
One cup of elderberries has about 27 grams of carbohydrates, which is roughly 9% of your daily required allowance (RDI). Approximately ten grams of fiber can be found in one serving of elderberries, which is around 40% of the recommended daily intake. The berry has a low glycemic index and thus is thought to not significantly affect your blood sugar levels.
Fat is hardly present in fat elderberries.
Elderberries have a low protein content, which is normal for fruits.
Notable Allergies to Elderberries
Although it is uncommon, allergies to the pollen and berries of the elderberry tree are conceivable. Before taking elderberries for elderberry products, consult your doctor if you have previously had adverse reactions to other berries. If you develop any allergic response symptoms, especially if you have previously had food allergies, you should also seek medical advice.
What are the Side Effects of Elderberries?
As long as you consume elderberry fruit in moderation and prepare it beforehand, it is thought to be safe to eat. The bark, seeds, unripe or undercooked berries, or blossoms should not be eaten because they might cause severe diarrhoea and nausea.
In truth, berries and blossoms that haven’t been cooked contain a compound that can turn into cyanide in human bodies. However, by cooking the berries or preparing tea by steeping the flower in boiling water, all poisonous elements can be eliminated.
Elderberries should not be consumed by anyone who has undergone an organ transplant of any kind or who is taking diabetes medication. Elderberry shouldn’t be consumed by children or women who are pregnant.
If you have an autoimmune disorder, you should also speak with a doctor because the berries can affect how your immune system responds to it. Elderberries can interact with the following medicines, so you should exercise caution if you take any of them:
- medications such as prednisone
- Imuran (azathioprine)
- Prograf (tacrolimus)
- Simulect (basiliximab)
- Zenapax (daclizumab)
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On Halloween I received an e-mail from Tim Queeney, Ocean Navigator’s editor, with the subject line “Sandy’s left hook.” Tim asked, “What happened with Hurricane Sandy so that the storm took such a radical leftward turn? Doesn’t the Coriolis effect tend to make storms curve to the right in the northern hemisphere?” I replied to Tim telling him that the topic would make a great weather e-mail newsletter, and here we are in early December, and it’s time to make good on my promise.
By now, everyone is well aware of the profound impact that Sandy had on the eastern U.S. with the worst casualties and destruction occurring in the New York metropolitan area, but effects covering a huge area including hurricane force wind gusts as far north as Maine, as far south as North Carolina, and as far west as Lake Huron. Excessive rainfall occurred throughout the northeastern U.S., south into the Carolinas and west into the eastern Great Lakes, and heavy snow fell through much of the central Appalachians with over two feet at many locations in North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland and West Virginia. Before any of this happened, Sandy traversed Jamaica and the Bahamas producing hurricane conditions in those areas which led to considerable damage and fatalities.
Typically a hurricane which moves from the Caribbean northward through the Bahamas would turn more to the north-northeast or northeast as it moved into higher latitudes over the western Atlantic, but Sandy was not a typical system and, most important, the weather pattern over the western Atlantic and eastern North America was not typical either. All of these factors led to Sandy tracking north-northeast to the east of the Carolinas after departing from the Bahamas, and then taking a significant turn toward the northwest, and then the west-northwest, with its center making landfall in extreme southern New Jersey. And this is what generated Tim’s questions.
First, let’s address the Coriolis issue. The Coriolis effect was described by Gaspard-Gustav Coriolis in the early 1800s and allowed Newton’s Laws of Motion to be applied in a rotating frame of reference by applying a correction factor. This correction factor causes large-scale motions on the earth to appear to be deflected when observed on the rotating frame of reference. Those who have studied basic meteorology are familiar with the application of the Coriolis effect to help determine wind speed and direction when the pressure field (i.e. the isobars) is known. Barometric pressure differences lead to forces causing air to tend to move from higher pressure toward lower pressure, but the Coriolis effect deflects this motion to the right in the northern hemisphere, and so air moves (or wind blows) nearly parallel to the isobars rather than directly across them as would be the case if the pressure force was the only factor to consider.
What is important to understand, though, is that the Coriolis effect applies only to individual motions of air, and not to an entire system like an area of high or low pressure or, in this case, Hurricane Sandy. The air circulating around Sandy was indeed being deflected to the right as it was pushed toward the center of the system, thus leading to the rotational airflow around the system. However the track of the entire system was not subject directly to the Coriolis effect, but rather was directed by an unusually complex weather pattern in the atmosphere made up of many different air motions, all of which individually were subject to the Coriolis effect.
Looking at this weather pattern will provide the answer to Tim’s first question about why Sandy made such a hard left turn in the western Atlantic leading to the landfall in New Jersey. As noted above, hurricanes moving north through the western Atlantic will often turn more toward the northeast or the east as they move to higher latitudes (or to the right, as it were). During the summer and early autumn, upper level winds are usually rather weak in lower latitudes allowing the motion of tropical cyclones to be directed by weaker lower level wind patterns. As these systems move into higher latitudes, they begin to fall under the influence of stronger upper level winds, which usually flow generally from west to east, and this leads to the eastward turn.
In late October of 2012, though, the upper level pattern was unusually strong and unusually amplified. This is shown by looking at the 500 millibar chart from 0000 GMT on Oct. 29 (Figure 1). This chart shows a large and strong upper level high well to the east of Newfoundland while the flow pattern over the eastern U.S. dips quite far south before then turning north and moving through eastern Canada and around the upper high. Of particular interest is the prominent dip in the flow (a trough) extending from Lake Michigan southward into the southeastern U.S. This feature was associated with an unusually cold system for the time of year, and it is actually about to become a closed low center over Indiana. The closed low that is located in the Atlantic near 70W is a reflection of Sandy. Typically hurricanes do not have a strong signature at the 500 millibar level, and this is an indication that Sandy at this time was already beginning to show signs that it was not a typical hurricane since it was beginning to acquire some characteristics of a non-tropical system, one of which is increasing size.
The strong upper high east of Newfoundland would prevent Sandy from moving north into that region, and as the low center formed in Indiana, it would reinforce the southeast windflow in the mid-Atlantic coastal waters, which would capture Sandy and pull it toward the northwest.
Figure 2, which is the 500 millibar chart 12 hours later, shows the upper low which formed in the Ohio valley region having shifted south to the southern Appalachians and the strong upper high east of Newfoundland having drifted west and became stronger. Sandy by this time had begun to turn to the north-northwest, and given the strong high to the north and the strong low in the southern Appalachians, the upper level flow leaves little question as to where Sandy will end up. In fact, through the ensuing 12 hours, the hurricane and the upper low to its west would do a bit of a dance with one another, and eventually merge. The two features would also interact dynamically resulting in a much stronger upper level low by 0000 GMT Oct. 30 (Monday evening Oct. 29, eastern time – Figure 3). At this time, the structure of Sandy was no longer tropical in nature, but it was a very powerful extra-tropical low, and its center was moving through extreme southern New Jersey.
So it was the unusual upper level pattern, partly a factor of the lateness of the season, which resulted in the hard left turn Sandy made toward the mid-Atlantic coast. The Coriolis effect still causes air motions (not system motions) to be deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere, and this will not change unless the earth somehow begins to rotate in the opposite direction.
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Biologists discover a new aquatic fern on the Texas coast.
By Cullen Hanks
There are more than 300 species of plants endemic to Texas, meaning they are found nowhere else in the world. Considering that botanists have been scouring the state for more than 150 years, finding a new plant species requires luck, a skilled eye and a unique piece of intact Texas habitat.
Falcon Point Ranch in Calhoun County is crossed by what used to be a barrier island 50,000 to 75,000 years ago. That ancient island is now an isolated sand ridge called the Ingelside Sand Sheet. The combination of sand and freshwater ponds along the coast creates a unique habitat there.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department botanist Jason Singhurst took one look at an aerial map of the ranch, pointed to the ponds and said, “I want to go there!”
With the blessing of co-owner Bill Ball, ranch manager Bobby Henson agreed to give Singhurst and me a tour. As we approached the sand sheet in his truck, we noticed that a barely perceptible increase in elevation caused a dramatic change in habitat. Instead of salty flats, we found oak mottes and our first endemic plant sighting: seaside beebalm.
The combination of elevation, fresh water and oaks makes the sand sheet a good place for life to grow — and an attractive place for people to want to live. Falcon Point is one of the last large tracts in the area that hasn’t been subdivided and developed, thanks to the conscientious management of the land by one family for more than a century.
However, in 2005, the ranch was bought by a group of investors looking for an interesting project. They planned to develop it but to keep the majority of it in a natural state for the benefit of the owners and the resident wildlife.
Henson drove us farther into the sand sheet, where we found more oak mottes and a dry pond.
“Beaksedges!” Singhurst exclaimed as he got out of the truck. “You know this place is good.”
Soon we were hard at work mapping, photographing and documenting the unique plants we found there: yellow-eyed grasses, lady’s tresses orchids and St. Johnswort, as well as many different sedges, rushes and grasses. To top it off, we found two carnivorous plants: the sundew and the bladderwort.
Henson took us to a few more dry ponds, all containing rare plants, and then down an overgrown track pocked with huge holes dug by feral hogs. As the truck bounced wildly, Henson called out, “I think this pond up here still has water in it.”
He was right. We walked out into the water, and within seconds Singhurst reached down and pulled up a clump of delicate bright-green plants.
“Holy cow, this is a new species!” he yelled.
The plants were aquatic ferns in the genus Isoetes. Singhurst had recently published a paper on the genus, so he knew well that there were no known Isoetes found anywhere near the coast.
The plant Singhurst pulled up is indeed a new species and will be named Texas quillwort. In addition, we documented 12 other species of Texas endemics, an impressive total for a single ranch.
Finding a financially viable solution to managing and preserving a 6,000-acre ranch isn’t easy, but the more the owners get to know about the place, the more they want to conserve it.
“Over time, we have really come to appreciate what a unique place Falcon Point really is,” Bill Ball says. “Our goal is to someday place over 90 percent of the ranch in permanent conservation easements.”
The owners envision some residential development, but most of the land will be kept in its natural state and open to hunting, fishing and birding. With the help of conservation easements, they think it can work out financially.
How many more ranches harbor undescribed species? Only time will tell. More private landowners are working with TPWD to maintain or improve the health of the habitats on their property for the benefit of future generations. Who knows what future plant discoveries will be made on private lands, thanks to these conservation partnerships?
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Similar words: dynamic, dynamics, thermodynamics, dynasty, byname, by name, enamored, enamoured. Meaning: ['daɪnəməʊ] n. generator consisting of a coil (the armature) that rotates between the poles of an electromagnet (the field magnet) causing a current to flow in the armature.
Random good picture Not show
1. A dynamo is used to generate electricity.
2. A dynamo on a bicycle will power a pair of lights while the wheels are going round.
3. A dynamo transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
4. The dynamo conked out so we've got no electricity.
5. Oil is the dynamo of the country's economy.
6. She's a human dynamo.
7. Onstage she is a human dynamo, spending the hour in perpetual motion.
8. Oil production is the dynamo that drives Iraq's economy.
9. Bicycle lights are usually powered by a dynamo.
10. That physical phenomenon is the muscle behind a dynamo,[sentencedict.com] or standard electric generator.
11. Jasso is the 5 foot 2 inch dynamo who is in charge of the teaching program.
12. And that gives dynamo theorists a way to solve one aspect of how the molten iron mixes.
13. Dynamo theory had developed as a relatively isolated discipline within geophysics, and not just because it thrived in Great Britain.
14. Ivor Shilton, a midfield dynamo whose nose glowed in the dark.
15. As the Countess of Dartmouth(sentencedict.com), she was a dynamo in London politics in the 1960s.
16. Myles is a human dynamo.
17. Dynamo: machine that can keep going with little fuel.
18. The operation was given the code name Dynamo.
19. I install a hub dynamo into a front wheel.
20. Kiev against Dynamo will see the Rossoneri on at ( local time ).
21. Kiev against Dynamo will see the Rossoneri on at 19:30 ( local time ).
22. In his eighty-second year, still a human dynamo, Mr. Baruch talks not of the past but of present problems and the future, deploring our ignorance of history, economics, and psychology.
23. That victory put the Ukrainians beyond the reach of their nearest challengers, Dynamo Moscow.
24. He has a bicycle with lights powered by a dynamo.
25. United were forced into a rearguard action against a lively Dynamo side for whom Maksim Shatskikh twice struck the woodwork.
26. A strong, small-scale transition field could, however, correspond to particularly vigorous dynamo action.
27. The seller offered to meet half the cost of repairing the dynamo.
28. Here was a brand-new kind of eartha rolling, boiling dynamo.
29. The vehicle acceleration simulation system consists of three parts: the engine dynamo test bench, the driving simulation test bench and the computer data acquisition and control system.
30. Undesirable automatic synchronizer and hand are moved and the net is a dynamo is invisible killer.
More similar words: dynamic, dynamics, thermodynamics, dynasty, byname, by name, enamored, enamoured, in a moment, synapse, by nature, synagogue, name, amok, good name, nickname, among, tournament, clamour, famous, clamor, in the name of, Pan-American, ornamental, paramour, dream of, amorous, diamond, amongst, amoeboid.
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Protect Your Pet From Fleas and Ticks All Year
Since Portland is a temperate region, it is important to protect your pet and home year-round from fleas and ticks. Fleas live outdoors and hitchhike their way inside on pets or people. Fleas live in moist, shady areas, including lawn thatch, mulch, leaf litter, woodpiles, crawl spaces, and under porches or decks. Fleas also thrive on common wildlife such as squirrels, rabbits, groundhogs, and opossums that can spread fleas to your pet.
How can I prevent fleas?
The easiest and most effective way to prevent fleas and ticks is by using a monthly flea and tick preventative. Fleas thrive in warm environments, and they may lay dormant in your house; fleas and their eggs can be commonly found in carpeting, bedding, and furniture. If a flea infestation has already occurred in your house, preventives would be needed year-round.
To avoid a flea infestation, your pet must be on flea preventatives and be given the preventative consistently. Many medications are in a combined form with the monthly heartworm medication. Not only is this convenient, but it reduces the cost of two medications! Although fleas are more prevalent in summer months, they can survive year round in a home.
How can I prevent ticks?
Ticks can transmit serious diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Ehrlichiosis, and Anaplasmosis. Many of these diseases have symptoms that are vague and/or mild until the disease has progressed. Many flea and tick preventatives start killing ticks upon contact and will kill all four North American species of ticks (Deer tick, Brown dog tick, American dog tick and the Lone Star tick).
Call us today to learn more about monthly preventatives, and how to protect your pet from fleas and ticks.
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Should you be concerned about moles that bleed, become itchy or painful?
What about red spots or moles on our skin?
What causes a “mole” to itch, bleed or become painful?
- Moles that bleed with minimal trauma may be in fact skin cancers with abnormal blood vessels or impaired skin integrity.
- Itchy moles may be a result of “normal” processes such as eczema and dermatitis. However it may also be due to nerve endings being irritated by cancerous cells.
- Similarly, painful moles not caused by trauma may be harbouring cancerous cells.
- Seek medical help if these symptoms do not resolve after 2 weeks.
What are moles?
Moles are made up of collections of living cells called melanocytes. These collections of melanocytes usually reside near the boundary between the top layer of the skin, called the Epidermis, and the bottom layer called the Dermis. When a mole develops, it actually grows amongst the existing skin structures.
What else may be within a mole?
- Blood vessels, which provide nutrients and waste removal.
- Small nerve fibres, which allow us to have normal sensation.
- Immune system cells, which help to fend off any intruders such as bacteria.
- Oil glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.
What are Melanocytes?
Melanocytes are pigment producing cells. They produce melanin, which gives our skin its natural background colour. In response to UV radiation, such as sunlight, they produce more melanin in an attempt to provide protection from further UV radiation.
What causes a mole to bleed?
Sufficient trauma can make any skin or moles bleed. This may happen accidentally such as shaving cuts. We are most concerned with moles that bleed with minimal trauma. It tells us the skin surface has been weakened or that the blood vessels under the skin are unusually fragile. A cancerous change or growth can cause such changes to the skin structures.
What causes a mole to become itchy?
Itch is a sensation transmitted by small nerve endings within the skin layers. Common skin conditions such as dermatitis and allergic reactions, and external causes such as insect bites can cause itching. However, abnormal growth within a mole or melanoma may also activate these itch nerve fibres. Therefore, if a mole begins to itch without a known cause, it is time to be vigilant. If the itch persists for more than 2 weeks then you should consider seeking a medical opinion.
What causes a mole to become painful?
Similar to itch, pain is transmitted by nerve fibres in the skin. As expected, any injury to a mole can lead to a painful mole. This should settle very quickly within days. If there is no known injury and the pain persists beyond 2 weeks, then you should consider an examination by a trained Skin Check WA doctor.
What causes a mole to become red?
A red mole or spot is a result of an increased blood supply to the mole. Again this may be as a result of trauma. However it may be a sign of abnormal growth of blood vessels into a skin cancer. Red is a colour of concern within a mole, as it is not usually found in normal moles. There are of course red spots such as “haemangioma”, which are not moles but non cancerous benign growth of blood vessels.
If you have a mole that has become red, itchy, painful or has bled, it is a significant symptom that you should not ignore.
It may be a melanoma.
Seek assessment by a Skin Check WA doctor trained in dermoscopy, as soon as possible.
If you do not have a regular doctor trained in dermoscopy, Skin Check WA will be glad to help.
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New hope for Chagas disease treatment
Chagas disease, which is transmitted to humans by a blood-sucking insect known as an Assassin bug, is the most devastating parasitic infection in Central and South America and Mexico. The protozoan parasite that causes the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, infects 16 to 18 million people, causing severe chronic illness and tens of thousands of deaths per year.
Until now, there has been no effective treatment for the long-term, chronic form of Chagas disease, which kills up to one-third of those infected, usually by heart failure. However, two Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) international research scholars have now found that in mice, a compound called TAK-187 is significantly more effective than the current standard of care – the drug benznidazole – in preventing T. cruzi-induced cardiac damage. Julio Urbina from theVenezuelan Institute for Scientific Research and Miguel Angel Basombrío from the National University of Salta and colleagues report their findings in the April issue of the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
Benznidazole, a drug used to treat acute, recent Chagas infections, often has toxic side effects and does not work once the disease has entered its chronic phase. As an alternative, Urbina, Basombrío, and colleagues tested TAK-187, a compound that prevents T.cruzi from producing a member of the steroid family called ergosterol, which is essential to the parasite's life cycle. The compound is currently in development as a systemic antifungal agent, but the results of the current study suggest that drugs of this type, which inhibit ergosterol synthesis, could be a "superior alternative to currently available therapy in the management of chronic Chagas disease," Urbina and Basombrío write in their report.
The scientists infected a group of mice with T.cruzi, then treated those mice with either TAK-187, benznidazole, or nothing at all. While both drugs completely eliminated T.cruzi from the blood of infected animals, the researchers found that TAK-187 was much more effective at preventing cardiac and skeletal inflammation and tissue damage, with no toxic side effects. Cardiac and skeletal damage occur in chronic Chagas infection, causing crippling and death.
Importantly, TAK-187 was effective at a dose that was both 10 times lower and administered less frequently than that of benznidazole. The researchers think this may be because the new compound is eliminated more slowly than benznidazole from the tr5eated animals and is also more resistant to metabolism by the mammalian host.
The latest study confirms results published in 2003 by Urbina and colleagues in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, when they found TAK-187 effective against drug-resistant strains of T.cruzi.
"These results, together with the previous publication, are very promising," said Roberto Docampo, a professor at the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases at University of Georgia. "The results strongly support the view that a more efficient treatment for Chagas disease could be available." But Louis Kirchhoff, a professor at University of Iowa, questions whether the drug is effective enough. "TAK-187 suppresses T-cruzi," he said. "What we are looking for is a compound that wipes out the parasite."
Urbina and colleagues now plan clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of TAK-187 in patients with Chagas disease. "We must now examine the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic doses of this drug and determine the optimal administration schedule, the treatment duration, and its possible combination with other drugs," said Basombrío, who started studying the disease 28 years ago because it is so prevalent in his homeland of Argentina.
Takeda Chemical Company, the largest pharmaceutical manufacturer in Japan, has patented TAK-187 as a systemic antifungal agent. "The clinical development of this compound as an anti-T-cruzi agent in humans will depend on legal and economic agreements with Takeda, which are being sought through the World Health Organization," said Urbina.
The Venezuelan started doing basic research on Chagas disease 25 years ago, concerned by the neglect of this tropical disease by the pharmaceutical industry and most academic research centers in Latin America and throughout the world. "Only one percent of the new drugs introduced to the market in the last 25 years were developed to treat [tropical] diseases, despite the enormous unmet need for such compounds," he said. "Only 10 percent of current global health research is directed to address the medical needs of 90 percent of the human population."
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
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Orphan Chimpanzees Cleverer Than Humans, Study Finds
February 2, 2009 — Orphaned chimpanzee infants given special ‘mothering’ by humans are more advanced than the average child at nine months of age.
In the first study to examine the effect of different types of care for infant chimpanzees on cognition, researchers found chimpanzees who were given extra emotionally-based care were more cognitively advanced than human infants.
Humans overtake chimpanzees in development terms as they grow older but the study sends stark warnings that looking after just an infant’s physical needs is likely to result in a child who is maladjusted, unhappy and under-achieving.
The study was carried out by psychology expert Professor Kim Bard, of the Centre for the Study of Emotion at the University of Portsmouth.
She said: “The attachment system of infant chimpanzees appears surprisingly similar to that found in human infants. Early experiences, either of warm, responsive care-giving or of extreme deprivation, have a dramatic impact on emotional and cognitive outcomes in both chimpanzees and humans.
“Parental sensitivity is an important factor in human infant development, contributing to emotionally and cognitively strong children, and it would seem the same is true for great apes, as well.”
Professor Bard studied 46 chimpanzees in the Great Ape Nursery at the Yerkes National Primate Research Centre in Atlanta, America, in the 1980s and 1990s. The chimpanzees were in the nursery because their mothers’ maternal skills were so inadequate the infants were at risk of dying.
She found that chimpanzees given 20 hours a week of responsive care, which looks after the emotional and physical development, were happier, more advanced and better adjusted than chimpanzees given standard institutionalised care which meets just their physical needs.
She said: “Those given responsive care were less easily stressed, less often attached to ‘comfort blankets’, had healthier relationships with their caregivers and were less likely to develop stereotypic rocking. They were also more advanced intellectually than chimpanzees reared with standard institutionalised care.”
The responsive care was given by human caregivers who would play, groom, feed and interact with the infants. The caregivers focused on nurturing emotional and communicative well-being, similar to that found in the parenting behaviour of well adjusted mother chimpanzees. This level of care lasted through the first year of life and the chimpanzees’ development was assessed at various stages using the same tests as those used to assess development and attachment in human infants.
The chimpanzees raised with standard institutionalised care were more likely to show signs of ‘disorganised attachment’, including rocking, or clasping themselves or a blanket, instead of seeking comfort from a carer when distressed. They also showed other contradictory behaviours such as being distressed in the absence of a carer but ‘freezing’ when the main carer returned after a brief absence.
In human infants, ‘disorganised attachments’ are seen in children whose parents have unresolved losses or other trauma, and/or when the infants are abused or neglected.
Dr Bard said: “Responsive care, which meets infants’ emotional as well as physical needs, stimulates cognitive and emotional development.
“Infant chimpanzees who were given this care were more advanced and less likely to develop attachment to things like security blankets than chimpanzees whose care was only meeting their physical needs.”
It is the first study to investigate individual differences in attachment relationships in great apes and is also the first intervention study with non-human primates evaluating the effects of two types of human care, differing in quality and quantity, on infant chimpanzees’ cognitive development and attachment security.
The study was co-authored by Professor Bard and Krisztina Ivan of the University of Portsmouth’s Centre for the Study of Emotion and Professor Marinus van IJzendoorn and Dr Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg of the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Partial funding was provided by the European Commission for the Feelix Growing project. The study is published in Developmental Psychobiology.
Source : University of Portsmouth
rating: 4.50 from 2 votes | updated on: 22 Nov 2009 | views: 1527 |
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By Diptimayee parida | bangalore September 3, 2017
The temple is a place for praying God and people approach for spiritual knowledge, divine blessings. The construction, architecture, decoration and the rituals performed for or at temple focus on enlightenment and liberation. The spiritual principles symbolically represented in hindu temples are described in vedas and upanishads.
It is a synthesis of arts, the ideals of dharma, beliefs, values and the way of life cherished under hinduism. The temple is a link between man, deities and the universal purusa in a sacred space. The vastu shastras were theoretical descriptions of the architectural traditions and conventions to be followed.
A typical hindu temple consists of an entrance, often with a porch, one or more mandapas. The inner sanctum is called the garbhagriha. The womb chamber and the tower are built directly above the garbhagriha. According to the puranas the gods always play where groves are near the rivers, mountains and springs. So the temples in India are usually situated near water body or mountains.
The idols of the temple provide access to the divinity. It is very interesting to know that it is not the idol painter who is honoured for this work as he would be considered as donor. Almost all hindu art is anonymous.
Certain customs in hindu temples are practiced before worshiping. The worshipers remove their shoes before entering the temple. According to hindu religion all life forms are created by Brahma and the human must share space with the animal kingdom. So it is common to see dogs, cows and various species of birds at temples. Inside the temple the devotees keep both hands fold together as a sign of respect. They recite the mantras and follow the instructions of the priest.
At the exit area of the temple the worshiper often distribute prasad and money in acts of charity towards the poors and weak. If the worshiper exit the temple with changed mental state then the ritual is understood to be effective.
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Pet First Aid Tips and Suggestions
- To determine if your cat or dog is dehydrated, pull up on the skin between the shoulder blades. It should spring right back; if it stays tented this is a sign of dehydration.
- Signs of pet poisoning include bleeding externally or internally, dilated pupils, drooling or foaming at the mouth, seizures or other abnormal mental state or behavior.
- If your pet has a seizure, make sure it is in a safe place, but do not restrain the animal. Keep your hands away from its mouth as your pet may not know who you are during a seizure and could bite you.
- Signs of heat stroke or heat exhaustion include collapse; body temperature of 104 degrees F or above; bloody diarrhea or vomiting; wobbliness; excessive panting or difficulty breathing; increase heart rate; mucous membranes very red; and increased salivation.
- Pets bitten by other animals need vet attention to prevent the wound (even if minor) from becoming infected and to check for internal wounds. Never break up a dogfight yourself because you could be bitten.
- If your pet is bleeding, apply direct pressure using gauze over the bleeding site. If blood soaks through, apply more gauze (do not removed soaked gauze) until you can reach a veterinary hospital.
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A space capsule bearing comet and star dust successfully made a parachute landing in the Utah desert before dawn today, completing a seven-year journey of almost three billion miles that could provide clues to the formation of the solar system. The 100-pound sample container from the Stardust spacecraft landed at the Air Force's Utah Test and Training range, southwest of Salt Lake City, at 5:10 a.m. Eastern time.
After its launching in 1999, Stardust circled the sun three times and even flew by Earth in 2001 for a gravity boost to rendezvous with comet Wild 2 near Jupiter. The spacecraft came within 149 miles of the comet on Jan. 2, 2004, extended a collector filled with a material called aerogel. This low-density silicon material, called "glass smoke" because it is composed of 99.8 percent air, gently slowed and trapped particles without significantly altering or damaging them.
Scientists believe about a million samples of comet and interstellar dust, most of them less than one-tenth the width of a human hair, are locked inside the capsule. Researchers around the world are awaiting the samples, hoping they will provide clues to the origin of the planets and other bodies in the solar system.
The grains are believed to be pristine remains of the birth of the solar system some 4.6 billion years ago. Studying comets not only provides clues to how the solar system was formed but could also help explain how certain materials and conditions combined to form life, researchers said.
This is the only "intelligent design" that should be taught in our schools.
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It is Women’s History Month and the 8th is International Womens Day! I have been planning some special features for the site for it.
Why do we need to remember women’s history and issues?
Because many women before us struggled for many years just to have the right to vote, to be able to own property and to have many other basic rights.
And because even now in many parts of the world women still do not have the basic rights that all people are entitled to.
In India some women are still burned to death because the groom’s family didn’t think her dowry was good enough. Many women who have been raped in middle eastern and persian gulf countries are killed by their family to ‘preserve the family’s honor’. And female genital mutilation is still common in some African countries.
We represent half the population – and yet many of us still have a long ways to go before we will be treated as equals to men.
Please spend some time this month appreciating the rights you do have and thinking of ways to improve the conditions for women elsewhere. If you have a blog, the 8th is also ‘Blog Against Sexism Day’ – for more information see: Blog Against Sexism Day.
If you like this post please share or vote for it below:
- International Women’s Day/Blog against Sexism Day!
- March is Women’s History Month!
- International Women’s Day 2007!
2 Responses to 'Women’s History Month!'
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Hungary has some specific cultural heritage which attracts people from all over the world to have its flavour, especially tradition and modernism simultaneously. The country has one of the most beautiful cities in the world called Budapest, which is also named “Pearl of Danube”. Devastated structures created by Romans which are almost 2000 years old and Turkish monuments, which are almost 400 years old are situated together. The largest freshwater lake of Central Europe named Balaton is there in Hungary for bestowing visitors a feeling of a natural paradise. A large number of therapeutic mineral springs are found in this country serving people ‘spa’ for amusement as well as healing.
Hungary, with a population approximately above 10.5 million and people here are really very much warm-hearted. Very few countries in the world have people like Hungary who can be marked as ‘True Friend’.
Budapest is the capital and the largest city of Hungary with 2 million inhabitants approximately. The city is divided by a river called ‘Danube’ which is the prime river of Eastern-Europe and Central-Europe. Pest side of the city is thick in a population where the Buda side is a hilly area with scenic beauty. Cultural events, exhibitions and festivals are held throughout the year at the bank of the river ‘Danube’. Students prefer this city of Budapest for its fascinating characteristics available for a young adult.
Hungarian foods are very well known to Western Europe with its variety of cuisine and taste. Plenty of Hungarian food and International dishes are found in various restaurants throughout the country. A speciality of Hungary is its cuisine and hospitality.
A typical European continental weather is found in Hungary. Summer comes with a good amount of sunshine and warm, on the other hand, winter comes with frost and cold. The average temperature of summer months ranges between 20-25°C during day time, although the mercury can show 35°C in some hotter summer days. In January, which seems the coldest month on the calendar, the temperature is expected to touch 0°C around the middle of the day – nights dropping into minus temperature. The temperature in mountain areas of Hungary is expected between -30°C and -35°C in some winter days. More than 100 days of snowfall are seen in the mountain areas of Hungary during winter months.
Transportation system is very good. International, domestic, passenger trains, buses, trams, metros etc. are available with the affordable fare. Travellers are attracted here to the natural beauty of Hungary and the most significantly ‘Spa’ with natural mineral water. This is the best way to spend the holiday perfectly with a healing touch. Currency in Hungary is Forint (HUF). 1 Euro = 305.71 Hungarian Forint and 1 USD = 242.17 Hungarian Forint presently. Banks of Hungary here accept Eurocard, VISA, American Express, Eurocheque, thus making it easier for tourists from anywhere in the world.
One of the Hungarian folk traditions is naming each Sunday before Easter. The name of the 2nd Sunday was “Gulash Sunday”, the name of the 5th Sunday was “Black Sunday”, 6th Sunday was “Palm Sunday” and the last Sunday before Easter was part of the Easter celebrations. Specific meals are expected on these days like soup prepared with Bran and Eggs. Easter Sunday is the day of resurrection when Easter eggs are granted. Ham which has been smoked like bacon is served on Saturday night as a symbol as the period preceding Easter. Ham is served on Sunday morning with horseradish and eggs. The next day is called ‘Ducking Mondy’ is celebrated in a typical way. Girls and young women are dragged by boys to a well or a nearby spring to pour buckets of water on their heads, to symbolize purification and improvement of fertility according to their cultural heritage.
This tradition is still performed in a modified way as boys sprinkle perfume or perfumed water on girls. Their tradition ends on “White Sunday” when girls prepare a dish with milk loaf, Easter eggs and drinks as a symbol of making ‘Eternal Friends’.
Falconry is one of the oldest cultures in the history of the world is still in practice in Hungary. Around 2000 BC, Asian tribes used to prey for food for their families to Falcons. Thus falconry has been spread out all over Asia and Europe also with the emigration of these tribes and has become a popular sport, activity, symbol of status among aristocrats of the middle ages.
A few fanatics practised this sport around the starting of the 20th Century. Then an Indian falconer and his 3 Muslim friends were being invited to Hungary for re-launching the almost forgotten activity into the society. Today, around 200 falconers are practising in the country and most of them are members of the Hungarian Falconry Association. UNESCO added Falconry in their listing as untouchable Cultural Heritage of Humanity (ICH) as well as Hungary for involving in this ancient, traditional cultural activity.
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Confusingly, the construction design industry likes to use the word “building” to mean any built asset, such as houses, libraries, hospitals, bridges, ports, roads and railway lines – like London’s Crossrail, for example. In order to dig two 6m wide, 26 mile long tunnels across London, Transport for London needed to map the locations of all the other utilities, tunnels and other gubbins making their way under London – there was no comprehensive map of where everything was, so TfL had to make one. Crossrail also decided to design the new railway in a BIM environment, meaning they had detailed information about each item used to build the system and information about the holes they were digging (how many tonnes of soil, for example or even where the tunnel boring machine was at any given time using Ordnance Survey coordinates). To date, TfL estimates that over one million files have been created, each containing huge amounts of data and metadata and integrated into the centralised model.
The result is what you can see in the image above. Granted it looks a bit messy at first glance, but if you know what all the different colours mean you’re able to find the electrical and telecoms cabling, as well as gas and water pipes, see where old and abandoned tunnels are located and how the new station and tunnel complex has taken shape in and around everything that’s already there. And if it looks messy there, imagine how difficult it would have been to insert a new underground station entrance without these sorts of tools.
And it doesn’t stop there. Even the bits of each station from the new platform edge doors to signage, escalators and each of the concrete panels lining the stations and tunnels have been tagged so they can be monitored. It might sound like overkill, but it means TfL knows everything about their new railway system meaning they can check what’s going on at any given time – and as with the example of the carpets and flooring mentioned earlier, they’ll be able to plan future maintenance from the word go.
One of Crossrail’s programme directors referred to the construction process as being akin to performing open heart surgery while the patient’s running a marathon. At Tottenham Court Road, for example, the two tunnel boring machines passed through a space where 30cm above it was the footings of an escalator and 80cm below it was the top of the Northern line – both of which were in constant use while the new tunnels were being dug. That’s a total clearance of a little over a metre (or just under four feet) around a 900 tonne, six metre (20 foot) wide, 140 metre (400 foot) long tunnel boring machine. Again, the thought of doing that really makes you wonder how they’d do it without all those piles of data and information.
The construction industry undoubtedly has a long way to go. However, it’s also worth looking at where the construction industry was as recently as the 1950s, with the design of the Cumbernauld New Town ‘megastructure’ just outside Glasgow. One of the most remarkable innovations in the design process was not technical; it was a new way of working… Architect George Kenneth (Ken) Davie told of “the strong desire to mix all of the professions. So you didn’t have an engineers’ office, an architects’ office, a planning office; we were all mixed in teams with all of these disciplines”.
I’m just going to leave that with you for a few moments: getting different design disciplines to collaborate on one project was considered revolutionary in 1912 (with Buckingham Palace’s façade), again in the 1930s (with New York’s Empire State Building) as identified in Part One of this series of posts. The most astonishing thing to me is that this approach was still considered revolutionary 20-odd years later with the design of the Cumbernauld megastructure.
Embracing BIM might be a big step, but the industry’s taken big steps before; and it can do so again.
BBC/ Crossrail Ltd., 2014. The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway. London: BBC
Grindrod, J., 2014. Concretopia. London: Old Street Publishing
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From 1929-1950 liquid mercury leaked into the South River as it meandered through an industrial section of Waynesboro, near Charlottesville, Virginia.
It wasn't until 1977 that the problem came to light, and this once famous small-mouthed bass fishing paradise was closed to human fish consumers. But liquid mercury, once it sinks into the river bottom, doesn't go away willingly. While humans can read the warning posters and avoid eating the toxic fish, herons and otters don't have that option.
Since 2005, Associate Professor of Biology and ENSP affiliate Dan Cristol has been assessing the effects of mercury contamination on birds in the Shenandoah Valley with an army of master's and undergraduate researchers. The William and Mary group works with the South River Science Team, an association of academic, industry and government researchers examining all aspects of the lingering mercury legacy in the South River. For several years the science team has been examining soil, water, fish and invertebrates to better understand the mercury problem. Cristol's team is the first to examine mercury levels in the region's birds.
In 2005, undergraduates Ravi Jefferson-George and Sean Koebley joined master's candidates Rebecka Brasso and Ariel White (who both recently received their degrees). Living together with Professor Cristol in a crowded ski cabin atop Massanuttan, they enticed a tree swallow population to breed along the South and Shenandoah rivers by setting up over 200 nest boxes. They monitored the success of the resulting nests and took tiny blood and feather samples to determine mercury loads. Because swallows eat insects that have grown up in the rivers' contaminated sediments, they are an excellent "biomonitor" for the effects of mercury on birds.
After achieving varying levels of boating skills, the crew located and sampled the existing population of belted kingfishers. Kingfishers eat nothing but fish and would be expected to bear the full brunt of mercury contamination. Both of these efforts found greatly elevated mercury levels in the birds eating from the river, but the biggest surprise was when the effort turned to the land. Forest birds living along the river, such as wrens, vireos and flycatchers, had mercury levels as high or higher than swallows and kingfishers.
In the summer of 2006, master's students Anne Condon and Scott Friedman joined the effort, along with undergraduates Kelly Hallinger, Rachel Fovargue, Jack Reese and Adrian Monroe, and Thomas Nelson Community College intern Maryse Leandre. Living in a chaotic townhouse in Fisherville, and joined in the field sporadically by colleagues from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science and Virginia Tech, the now seasoned crew amassed the biggest data set on mercury contamination in birds ever gathered. Sampling of over 30 species of forest birds, as well as huge numbers of kingfishers, mallard ducks, screech owls and swallows, revealed the first known case of mercury leaving a contaminated river and entering the terrestrial food chain. Because no one has ever looked before, it's not certain yet whether this phenomenon occurs at many other of the 2000 mercury-contaminated rivers in the U.S.
In addition to the core research, funded generously by grants from DuPont and NSF, most of the students developed independent research projects. For example, Anne Condon followed bluebirds after they left their nests, using miniaturized radio-tracking devices, and found that once their baby feathers stop growing, mercury levels rise dramatically. Scott Friedman mastered a safe but disgusting technique to pull food items out of the throats of baby forest birds. He then ran his collection of hundreds of spiders, bugs and caterpillars through a mercury analyzer, and is constructing a mathematical model to determine if differences in diet can explain mercury levels.
Kelly Hallinger recorded the songs of advertising male birds from contaminated and reference sites, and with Dan Zabransky and Katie Kazmer is using sound analysis software to determine whether mercury, a known neurotoxin, causes males to sing weaker songs. Adrian Monroe followed up on our discovery that tree swallows were commonly nesting a second time on our study sites, something that these migratory birds are not supposed to do. Rachel Fovargue is pursuing her interest in mercury to museum collections, where she will sample feathers from century-old specimens to look at historical trends in mercury pollution.
Besides the fact that the quicksilver will still be coursing through the avian food web of the Shenandoah Valley, there's no predicting what will be discovered in 2007.
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Quoting: Azeratel Axo
I have recently taken an interest in ancient Egyptians.
in my recent astrophysical research wanderings (trying to slueth out what the deal is with the precesion of the equinoxes) i have realized that it is very dificult to measure our (the solar system's) position and velocity within the greater (local) galactic context, beacuse, well, everything is moving...
it turns out that where we are is relative to where everything else is and our position and velocity depends on what we choose as referance points. Seeing this truth, i asked myself: how do we measure the length of our year (wanting to start small, u know?
and goddammit if even *that* is on shaky ground. I mean, think about it: how do we know we've gone one full rotation around Sol? It seems simple and obvious, but it is far from. I mean it's easy to know aproximatly from the seasons and the position of the sun in the sky, but to know *exactly*? not so much.
We used to think of the stars as fixed and used them as a measure, but what with the realazation that the large majority of the sky presseses, spins 'backwards' with respect to our yearly roation, it becomes a bit problematic.
look into "sidereal time" to get a feel for it.
current science measures our earth year using very distant quazars, cuz they *seem* to be the most 'stable' referance and we believe that pression (the great year = roughly 25,000 years) is caused by a gyroscopic 'wobble' in the earth's rotation and this works kinda if you think about it a while.
but there's a problem: first, this hypothosis, assumes that the earth is a solitary system (which we - meaning us here on this thread- know is not correct) and this pression and woble depends only on earth based dynamics. There are some incredibly complex math that 'almost' predicts the rate of pression, but here again is a problem, cuz this rate changes and current theroy cannot predict this changing rate, so every few years or so they (the mathematicians) tweak their equations to account for measured data.
it's all quite mind bending when you take the time to really look into the subject...
back to the egyptians : they had a very unique (to us calendar) and it was based on Sirius, the dog star. It was delightfully simple: 12 30 day months followed by 5 (and once every 4 years 6) holy days, or days out of time. and unlike any other calendar, the months stayed true year after year within sidereal time!
so what is so interesting about the dogstar (the brightest star in the sky, comprised of two stars actually: a binary system)?
1: if we choose sirius as our stellar referance (sirius is only 7 light years away, btw) then our earth year is *exactly* 365 and 1/4 days long, as apoosed to a few minutes shorter or longer, measured using the distant quasars or earth, respectively.
2: sirius is the *only* star that does not precess along with all the rest of the zodiac. that is to say that while Ares has been replaced by Pisces at the spring spring eqinox, sirius resolutly remains still in the sky.
3: if we consider the precession as a consequence of the solar system's rotation about a near stellar mass, then not only does the dogstar become the perfect canidate for that mass, but the change in rate of the pression of the eqinoxes becomes easily explainable in terms of keplarian eliptical orbital dynamics and the observed change in rate becomes predictable.
[link to en.wikipedia.org
[link to www.viewzone.com
[link to www.binaryresearchinstitute.org
be prepared to have your mind bent
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Business and company laws and regulations will also be correspondingly referred to as commercial and company laws and regulations. Both types of law govern business and commercial transactions along with the internal rules of economic firms. Business laws and regulations make reference to the laws and regulations involving contracts, sales, commercial paper, agency, and employment law among many more. Corporate law, however, studies the relation between companies and consumers underneath the internal rules from the firm. Both supply the physiques of law that govern all business and company transactions whether in public use or private.
Business law refers back to the laws and regulations that are put on businesses for example partnerships and corporations. They are utilized as reference when setting up companies whether small or big – from sole proprietorship to corporation. Business laws and regulations specify how different business could be setup, how taxes affect them, registrations, documentations and needs define different terms relating to business, making by-laws and regulations, and articles of organization among many more. These offer the regulatory schemes about how commerce ought to be conducted.
Business law is used to any or all sectors of companies for example automotive, estate planning, health, law, ip, litigation, employment and labor, business restructuring and business & corporate. It governs all business and commercial transactions whether public use or private. Business law also covers other business issues for example beginning, selling other companies, handling the business, coping with employees and contracts to mention a couple of.
Corporate law, however, involve exactly the same laws and regulations and procedures under business laws and regulations but have 5 defining characteristics including:
separate legal personality from the corporation
limited liability from the shareholders
All of these are applied largely for corporations that are openly owned. Corporate law is used to safeguard both company and shareholders’ legal rights particularly if the corporation fails or perhaps is involved with legal matters. Corporate law could be tracked to the dark ages when medieval guilds were created although not for common profit. It had been also during this period that variations of companies for example partnership were developed.
Corporate law covers corporate governance which includes the organization metabolic rate, balance of power, corporate personality, capacity and forces, director’s responsibilities, and company litigation. Many of these are essential for the use of corporate laws and regulations. Additionally, this involves how shares, liquidations and dealings ought to be handled plus installments of corporate crimes, mergers, acquisitions and insolvency of the organization.
Both business & corporate laws and regulations involve the facts, rules and rules involved with establishing companies, selecting legal structures, recruiting & hiring, financing, having to pay of taxes, coping with consumers and shareholders, solving issues, coping with business and company crimes, and controlling every aspect involving commercial and corporation by-laws and regulations.
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A complete guide to bibliotherapy to feel better with books
Reading to heal – that’s what bibliotherapy is all about. But how does it work, why does it work, and what to read?
Ever since humans have written and read books, we’ve had an intuitive understanding of their healing powers. And today, science is there to back that hunch up with facts.
It’s a fascinating fact, isn’t it? That letters on paper, forming stories, can cure us of pain.
Let’s make a deep dive into the enchanting world of therapeutic reading, and explore how books can not only teach us new things but also help us soothe our minds and help us through tough days.
What is bibliotherapy?
Bibliotherapy (also called book therapy, poetry therapy or therapeutic storytelling) refers to the practice of using books to help people solve issues they face at a particular time in their life. The books are to be selected based on what is relevant to that person’s specific situation.
It’s about finding the books that resonate with you on a deep level, at this very moment in time.
Bibliotherapy is a sort of creative arts therapy, based on the belief that reading can bring healing. It is an ancient practice, that more recently been backed up by science. For example, Quick Reads has found that people who read for just 30 minutes a week are 20% more likely to report greater life satisfaction.
While therapists often use bibliotherapy as part of a treatment process, bibliotherapy is a concept that is available to all of us.
Libraries are open to everyone, carrying goods with far less, if any, side effects than those you’ll find in a pharmacy.
That is of course not to suggest that medication can nor should be replaced by books. But books can provide us with useful tools in life, and help us navigate some of our problems and sorrows a little bit easier.
The exploding flora of self-help literature that fills our bookshelves is a testament both to the need and the want for books as a form of cure and therapy.
A quick history of bibliotherapy
Bibliotherapy is a concept that goes way back. As is often the case, it started with the ancient Greeks. The Greek historian Diodorus writes in his monumental work Bibliotheca Historica about the royal library of King Ramses II of Egypt. There was an inscription above the library entrance, translating to “the house of healing for the soul”. And even to this day, that’s what bibliotherapy is about. Healing for the soul.
Books have been considered therapeutic for thousands of years and in many different parts of the world. The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius’s doctor kept a medical library for his patients. And as far back as in 1272, the Quran was prescribed as therapeutic reading at the Al-Mansur Hospital in Cairo.
The actual term bibliotherapy was coined in 1916 by Samuel McChord Crothers, and eventually, it came to be included in medical lexicons. During World War 1, the Library War Service made sure every military hospital had a librarian, and when they returned after the war, they brought their books and practice with them. In the 1920s, there were official training programs in bibliotherapy.
Over the years, there has been vivid debate about what books make the best medicine. Should specific books be prescribed, or perhaps avoided? Can escapism be therapeutic, or is it the identification that is beneficial to our wellbeing? Soldiers’ diaries and library records from WWll tell us that while the books of Jane Austen was among the most popular, everything from poetry to crime and romance was in high demand.
The benefits of bibliotherapy
The benefits of reading, in general, are well known. And in many ways, they overlap with the benefits of bibliotherapy.
1. Books make us feel less alone
“The best moments in reading are when you come across something – a thought, a feeling, a way of looking at things – which you had thought special and particular to you. Now here it is, set down by someone else, a person you have never met, someone even who is long dead. And it is as if a hand has come out and taken yours.”Poetry Pharmacy by William Sieghart
This is one of the essential ways we heal through reading; in realizing that we’re not alone. According to Quick Reads, 19% of readers says that reading stops them from feeling lonely.
Isolation and loneliness are common culprits when we’re not feeling well, and literature can help us shake those feelings. We realise others have been through the same battles we’re fighting, and they lived to tell the tale. They came out on the other side.
2. Reading can improve our mental health
Books can provide us with the words and the language to describe and communicate our feelings. They also have more tangible benefits for mental health though, especially in tandem with therapy.
Research suggests that reading reduces stress levels by 67%, and retreating into a book can also be a good companion to therapy for people struggling with depression. In 2013, a study of patients with mild depression found that those who read saw improvements in their symptoms.
Many of us also turn to books to help us sleep, which research backs too: 43% of readers says that reading helps them sleep better, according to Dr Josie Billington.
3. Fiction can help us to relate to others
Reading develops our empathy and ability to understand other people’s experiences, giving us new perspectives on our own lives. A UK-wide study in 2015 indicated that reading for pleasure is positively associated with a greater sense of community, a stronger feeling of social inclusion, a stronger ability to enjoy social occasions, and enhanced openness and talkativeness.
4. Books can guide us through the difficult parts of life
When we’re struggling with the most difficult parts of life, it might seem like we’re alone in our feelings and situation. But often we can find the same situation in a book somewhere.
A 2016 article in Social and Personality Psychology Compass shared that “connecting to story worlds involves a process of ‘dual empathy,’ simultaneously engaging in intense personal processing of challenging issues, while ‘feeling through’ characters, both of which produce benefits.”
Also, Quick Reads has found that 23% of readers says that a book has helped them realise that other people have gone through the same thing as them, helping them to feel better about their situation.
5. Reading is even associated with general health
It turns out that reading isn’t just correlated with mental wellbeing: it can also impact our general health and longevity. Yale University School of Public Health found that older adults who regularly read books had a 20 percent reduction in mortality over 12 years compared to those who did not read.
A 2003 study also found that reading can reduce the risk of dementia by up to 35%.
6. Fiction can motivate us to make changes in our own lives
While real-life does not always provide us with good role models and mentors, literature can. Reading other people’s life stories can help us make sense of our own, see our problems from a different perspective, and actually start to make changes.
According to Dr Josie Billington, “Reading can offer richer, broader, and more complex models of experience which help a person to view their own lives from a refreshed perspective. Reading expands people’s repertoires and sense of possible avenues of action or attitude.”
You can find more research-backed reasons to read in my post about the 30+ best statistics about how books help us feel better.
When to use bibliotherapy
So when can a little reading therapy be a good idea? Probably always. But if we stick to the healing side of things, there are several conditions where positive effects of reading have been observed and scientifically proven.
Below are five conditions where bibliotherapy and the right self-care books can be a big help on the way towards recovery, especially when combined with therapy.
Although therapy (and sometimes medication) is often essential for depression, reading books can also be a comforting source of self-care. Research indicates that the results are not only positive but that they tend to last over time.
In 2013, a study of 96 patients that suffered with mild depression found that those who read saw improvements in their symptoms. In comparison, those in a control group who didn’t receive bibliotherapy treatment didn’t see any change.
What kind of literature is the most helpful when you feel down is a matter of individual preferences. Sometimes it can feel good to read about someone else sharing your experience and feelings. Other times, uplifting fiction and self-help literature can give you a boost and help you escape negative thought spirals. I’ve shared some of the best books to read when you’re feeling depressed.
Anxiety is a painful condition that bibliotherapy can sometimes help alleviate, and calming books can offer a generally relaxing effect on both body and mind.
Poetry can be soothing in the same way as music can be, and written meditations and mantras can help in reshaping thought patterns and breaking the spiral of anxiety.
In their 2021 Public Perceptions Survey, BACP found that 43% of people in the UK found reading helped ease their stress levels during the third national lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic.
A small 2022 study with Turkish high school students suggested that reading fiction might reduce symptoms of anxiety by promoting awareness of our feelings and improving problem-solving skills.
- 20 of the best books for anxiety to relax with
- How reading fiction helps anxiety, according to science
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a challenge to treat and overcome, and many times it can be a combination of therapies and strategies that finally brings healing.
Although there is a need for more research in this area, qualitative studies are indicating that bibliotherapy can help reduce PTSD symptoms.
Related reading: 10 books that helped me through trauma and PTSD
Although addiction often requires more specialized treatments, guided reading can significantly impact people when reaching a crossroads and facing critical decisions. When struggling with compulsive disorders and addiction, the right literature can provide solace, guidance, and inspiration to accompany other treatments.
Grief is one of the most universal yet hardest challenges we face as human beings. The right books can help us as we move through the different stages of grief, and help us find ways to let go and move forward when we’re ready.
Recommended bibliotherapy books
Over on my Bibliotherapy Recommendations page, you’ll find my bibliotherapy lists to inspire your reading and top up your to-read list.
Here are some favourites to get you started:
Suffering from anxiety? Then these books might be something for you:
- Hope and Help for Your Nerves: End Anxiety Now by Claire Weekes
- The Anxiety Journal by Corinne Sweet
- Notes on a Nervous Planet by Matt Haig
Struggling with depression? Give these books a try:
- Reasons to Stay Alive by Matt Haig
- The Upward Spiral by Alex Korb, PhD
- Wintering: The Power of Rest and Retreat in Difficult Times by Katherine May
Living with PTSD? Then these books can be helpful:
- Getting Past Your Past: Take Control of Your Life with Self-Help Techniques from EMDR Therapy by Francine Shapiro
- My Name is Lucy Barton by Elizabeth Strout
- Wild: A Journey from Lost to Found by Cheryl Strayed
- The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma by Bessel van der Kolk M.D
Find it difficult to relax? These books might help.
- The Things You Can See Only When You Slow Down by Haemin Sunim
- Devotions by Mary Oliver
- The Solitary Summer by Elizabeth von Arnim
Need some self-care inspiration? Got you covered!
- Love for Imperfect Things: How to Accept Yourself in a World Striving for Perfection by Haemin Sunim
- Wabi Sabi by Beth Kempton
- Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer
So, how can you start being your own bibliotherapist today? Now’s the best time to pick up a good book, take some time for yourself, and let the wisdom, comfort, and peace of mind guide you forwards.
Enjoy more from me
- Retreat into my new book, Your Life in Bloom: Finding Your Path and Your Courage, Grounded in the Wisdom of Nature.
- I'm also the author of Mountain Song: A Journey to Finding Quiet in the Swiss Alps, a book about my time living alone by the mountains.
- If you love books, are feeling a little lost right now, and would love some gentle comfort and guidance, join The Sanctuary, my seven-day course to rebalance your life.
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VANCOUVER, British Columbia (AP) — A landmark Supreme Court of Canada ruling that Aboriginals can stake a broad claim to traditional territories could have a significant impact on future development of resources, energy projects and pipelines, including a plan to move crude oil to the Pacific coast for shipment to Asia.
The high court ruling recognized, for the first time in Canada, Aboriginal title to a specific tract of land. The case involved a claim to 676 square miles (1,750 square kilometers) of land in central British Columbia. The court ruled that the Tsilhqot'in Nation is entitled to prevent forestry on the tract.
The unanimous decision Thursday ended a 25-year legal battle and set a historic precedent affecting resource rights.
The high court's decision overturns an earlier B.C. Appeal Court ruling, making it easier for First Nations to establish title over lands that were regularly used for hunting, fishing and other activities prior to contact with Europeans. Chief Justice of Canada Beverley McLachlin's ruling means that governments and others seeking to use the land under title must obtain the consent of the Aboriginal title holders.
If the government begins a project without consent prior to Aboriginal title being established, it may be required to cancel the project if title is established and if continuing the project would unjustifiably infringe on Aboriginal rights, the court said in its 8-0 decision.
The Supreme Court said governments could allow some resource projects to go ahead, even if they infringe on Aboriginal title, in cases where there is "a compelling and substantial public interest."
Tsilhqot'in Chief Joe Alphonse said the decision will bring much-needed certainty for First Nations, government and industry, adding that the ruling is about Aboriginal communities being able to govern the land and the natural resources they rely on. The Tsilhqot'in nation has a population of about 3,000.
The case dates back decades to a dispute over logging rights granted where Tsilhqot'in maintained traplines.
Across most of Canada, indigenous people signed land treaties with the government decades ago that gave up their claim to land in exchange for land reserves and other promises. But for the most part, that didn't happen in British Columbia and in parts of Quebec and the East Coast. There are hundreds of indigenous groups across British Columbia with unresolved land claims.
University of British Columbia Aboriginal law specialist Gordon Christie said Friday that the ruling would have significant implications for resource development.
The ruling could complicate approvals for resource projects such as Enbridge Inc.'s Northern Gateway pipeline proposal to move Alberta crude oil to the B.C. coast for shipment to Asia. The pipeline would cross territory claimed by Aboriginal groups. The Canadian government on June 17 conditionally approved the Northern Gateway pipeline proposal.
Christie said the Supreme Court ruling could lead to Aboriginal groups living along the Northern Gateway project's pipeline route to file for title.
"As of yesterday, the couple dozen First Nations along the route can say to themselves, 'this looks pretty promising,' and they can go and get a declaration of title, and I assume quite a few are thinking of doing that right now," Christie said.
Terry-Lynn Williams-Davidson, the Haida First Nation's general counsel, told an Ottawa news conference earlier this week that if the Haida tribe is successful in its (land) claim in an area along the pipeline's route, then the project approvals would have to be rescinded and the project would be halted.
Charmaine Noronha contributed to this report from Toronto.
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By Joe Nell Clayton
The Shadow of Christ
When the children of Israel had dwelt in the land of Egypt for that period of time predicted by God to Abraham, God raised up a leader to bring them out to the land he had promised to their fathers. Moses thus became to the Israelites an everlasting symbol of the care of God for His people. Every word that has dropped from his lips, and every line written has been respected, rightly so, as the word of God. His reputation as a leader of Israel causes even Christ to speak of the Old Testament as “Moses’ law.” (John 7:23). Yet, Moses was only important in the fact that he served as a “shadow” of Christ. He functioned in regard to the Old Law in a way similar to that of Christ for the New.
Some would say that we can compare Moses and Christ, but it is probably better to say that they appear in contrast. The writer of Hebrews calls Moses “the house,” while speaking of Christ as “he that built the house.” (Heb. 3:1-16). This figurative use of terms draws a definite contrast between the two.
In three ways, we may see a contrast between Moses and Christ. First, they were both prophets. Moses must be considered the great prophet of the Old Testament, superceding all others, for he speaks only of one other prophet to come, and says that He will be “like unto me.” (Deut~ 18:15). Now, all prophets have the same function, in that they “speak for God.” However, Moses was confining his prediction of the coming of another prophet to only one. This was understood by men of Jesus day to refer to Christ. (see John 1:45). And, men were conditioned by Moses’ words to look for “the” prophet. (John 1:21). The Apostles were moved by the Holy Spirit to make application of Moses’ prophecy to Christ, and to warn their hearers of the consequences of rejecting Him. (Acts 3:19-23).
The things prophesied by Moses and Christ help to establish the contrast more keenly. The Father demonstrated this in the mount of transfiguration (Mark 9:2-8), and the Apostles said that this event caused them to have “the word of prophecy made more sure.” The consequence to us is the warning, “Whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a lamp shining in a dark place.” (2 Peter 1: 16-19).
The second contrast is seen in the fact that they were both “lawgivers.” No one questions the idea that Mows was yoked with a. law, but many religious people will read passages such as John 1: 17, Romans 6:14, or Galatians 5: 18, and conclude that there is no manner of law connected with Christ. To come to this conclusion would deny the truth of other passages which speak of the word of Christ as “law”, such as Romans 8:1-2, 1 Corinthians 9:21, and Galatians 6:21 Because the Law of Christ has a larger importance than that of Moses, the apostles adorn it with terms such as “grace … truth,” “faith.”
The Law of Christ is contrasted to Moses’ by the term “perfect.” The writer of Hebrews says, “There is a disannulling of a foregoing commandment because of it weakness and unprofitableness (for the law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in thereupon of a better hope, through which we draw nigh unto God.” (Hebrews 7:18-19). Yet, of the word of Christ, James says, “But he that looketh into the perfect law, the law of liberty,” continuing to “hear” and “do,” will be blessed.
The third contrast must be seen in the roles of Christ and Moses as “saviors.” When
Israel was in bondage in Egypt, God sent Moses to them, and saved them. (Exodus 14:30-31). This “salvation” was from physical oppression and slavery of the body. Ever since that day the Jews celebrate the Passover to remember the deliverance of their ancestors. But this limited salvation, involving only one small nation, and surpassed in physical magnitude by other more modem liberations has one unique feature to make it stand out. God was the final deliverer!
Now God has concern, not for one nation, but for all nations, and has sent His son to be savior of the whole world! (I John 4:14). At the same time the deliverance is from a greater and more deadly bondage, the bondage of sin (John 8:34-36). No wonder, then, that the Holy Spirit caused it to be spoken of as “so great a salvation” (Hebrews 2:3). It is so great, as not to be compared in force, scope, or purpose to that of Israel from Egypt. Anyone sharing in the salvation wrought by God in Christ has no need to honor Moses, for the prophetic, legal, and saving services of that early servant of God have been supplanted and surpassed by our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
Let every Christian hold his Master in such esteem that all men, especially Jews, may see these contrasting virtues of the Lord, and be brought to give Him comparable praise.
TRUTH MAGAZINE, XVI: 21, pp. 8-9
March 30, 1972
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The Asrama System: The History and Hermeneutics of a Religious Institution
Oxford University Press, October 1993. First Edition. Cloth. Used - Very Good / Good. Item #213548
The lesser known and explored of the two pillars of Hinduism--??rama and var?a--??rama is the name given to a system of four distinct and legitimate ways of leading a religious life: as a celibate student, a married householder, a forest hermit, and a world renouncer. In this, the first full-length study of the ??rama system, Olivelle uncovers its origin and traces its subsequent history. He examines in depth its relationship to other institutional and doctrinal aspects of the Brahmanical world and its position within Brahmanical theology, and assesses its significance within the history of Indian religion. Throughout, he argues that the ??rama system is primarily a theological construct and that the system and its history should be carefully distinguished from the socio-religious institutions comprehended by the system and from their respective histories.
Light shelf wear on the jacket. Mylar wrapped. There is some faint highlighting on about 20% of the pages.
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Learn about our search tools and when to use them.
- IUCAT searches the Library's collection of books, journals. multimedia, and government documents.
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Emotionally activated patients: unmet childhood needs, pts will repeat themselves and their behaviors, result of trauma in childhood that resulted in failed development of coping skills in certain situations.
- Setting the tone for the visit. “I’ve got about 10 minutes, but I want to address your concerns…” Guides pts to understand constraints of meeting. Non-disciplinary way, not aggressive or angry boundary imposition.
- Demonstrates interest and acceptance. Allows patients to clarify misunderstandings when you repeat what you’ve heard. Helps to label feelings – validates and increases the patient’s own emotional intelligence. Increases patient self-acceptance.
Following the Patient’s Lead:
- Non-directive questioning and talking method. Allows the patient to lead the conversation. Helps you understand what role the patient wants you to fill. Important to reflect what you’re hearing to clarify.
Limit Setting Skill:
- Protects patient and others.
- Limits must be stated and enforced – inadequate follow-through creates boundary pushing.
- Keeps limits to a minimum.
- How to set limits:
- State the limit clearly (e.g., you won’t speak to me that way, pull out IVs, etc.)
- Define an appropriate alternative (e.g., get a nicotine patch, walk around the floor, etc.)
- Give a warning.
- Enforce the consequence (e.g., calling security, etc.)
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You are here
Western conifer seed bug
Description of Western conifer seed bugs
The Western conifer seed bug, also called the pine seed bug, (Leptoglossus occidentalis) is a common household accidental invader found inside Iowa homes during the fall, winter and spring. This harmless nuisance most closely resembles the squash bug found on pumpkin and squash foliage during the summer. The pine seed bug is in a small group of insects called the leaffooted bugs. This name refers to the flat, leaf-like expansions of the hind legs. Pine seed bug is a true bug (Order Hemiptera, Family Coreidae). Consistent with all members of this order the insect has a simple life cycle (egg, nymph, adult) and sucking mouthparts.
Life cycle of Western conifer seed bugs
The pine seed bug is about 1 inch long, elongate in shape and dull reddish brown in color. It appears pointed at both ends; the antennae are almost the length of the body and are obvious in living or fresh specimens. A faint, white zigzag line is more or less noticeable across the center of the back (depending on individual).
Pine seed bug nymphs and adults spend the summer on pine and Douglas-fir trees where they use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on sap from green cones and twigs. This sap feeding is of no consequence to otherwise healthy trees. Cones may be damaged causing seed to fail to develop (of no consequence to most Iowans, though pine seed producers of the Pacific Northwest must control this pest to prevent low seed yield).
Damage caused by Western conifer seed bugs
The pine seed bug is a typical accidental invader, similar to the better known attic flies, Asian lady beetle and boxelder bug. The adults wander into houses by mistake in the fall of the year. They are attracted to the exposed south sides of houses where they bask in the warmth of the late summer sunlight. After sunset, they crawl into wall voids and attics through cracks and gaps in the siding, foundation and eaves, or around windows. Like other invaders, they do not bite, sting, feed, carry diseases or otherwise cause harm to people, pets, the house or its contents. They cannot reproduce inside the house, as egg laying and development are restricted to the host plants during the summer months.
Management of Western conifer seed bugs
Control is the same as for other accidental invaders. Seal cracks and gaps to prevent entry. Pine seed bugs already indoors need only be picked or swept up and discarded as they appear. Spraying the house in winter or spring is of little benefit.
Do you live in Iowa and have an insect you would like identified?
The Iowa State University Plant & Insect Diagnostic Clinic will identify your insect, provide information on what it eats, life cycle, and if it is a pest the best ways to manage them. Please see our website for current forms, fees, and instructions on preserving and mailing insects.
Contact information for each states diagnostic laboratory for U.S. residents. If you live outside of Iowa please do not submit a sample without contacting the Plant & Insect Diagnostic Clinic.
Links to this article are strongly encouraged, and this article may be republished without further permission if published as written and if credit is given to the author, Horticulture and Home Pest News, and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. If this article is to be used in any other manner, permission from the author is required. This article was originally published on . The information contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed.
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Friesland and water are connected inextricably with each other. He who thinks of Fryslān, thinks of the Elfstedentocht, berenburg, stamboek cattle and above all at water sports. In the its always pleasantly crowded on the vast lake territory, where tourists enjoy their holiday or going out with their cruiser yachts or sailing boats.
When talking about the Frisian lakes, we generally mean the water country that sits between Stavoren in the southwest of the province and Burgum in the east. Fryslān owns the largest one-piece lake territory of western Europe that has developed itself approximately five hundred year for the beginning of our era. The many puddles of the peat bog country, from which the middle Friesland then largely existed, were increased by regular floods of the North Sea. A number of rivers and streams, that in this time through this low country to sea streamed, made the country very vulnerable for the sea and periods of large rain fall.
Also the harvesting of peat has helped the forming of the Frisian lakes. Especially in the National Park De Ālde Feanen at Eernewoude this can be seen very well; for the harvest of peat characteristic strips of land in the water are still present, resulting in a labyrinth of waterways and open water.
Apart from the lakes also typical for Friesland are the agriculture activities. The land between the lakes consists largely of grass meadows with now and then a farm or church tower at the horizon. The combination of water and the open landscape make the Frisian lake territory an excellent place to relax.
The water had an important economic role in the province Friesland way before the arrival of tourism. Transport of raw materials, cattle and trade goods were done mainly using water with sailing ships and typical Frisian vessels called pramen. Nowadays still every year in the summer months a sail race is organized with historical transport ships, the Skūtsje Silen.
The largest lakes are the Fluessen, Heegermeer, Tjeukemeer and Slotermeer, but also on the smaller waters like the Sneekermeer, Oudegaasterbrekken, Langweerder Wielen and Pikmeer lot can be seen and done. Who after a long day sailing on the lakes wants to explore the Frisian nightlife could visit for instance Sneek, Grou, Heeg or Langweer.
Besides the Skūtsje Silen there are more types of sailboat races, like during the Sneek Week, an event that is held every year in early August. Throughout this week the Sneekermeer and Goļngarijpsterpoelen are the stage of various sailing competitions and a lot of festivities in and around the city of Sneek.
In the different cities and villages around the Frisian lakes there are loads of ways to spend your time. For tourist information you can go to the VVV-offices that are present in most of the towns. If you dont have a boat yourself, you can of course hire it at one of the many marinas.
In most towns you can expect to find marinas where you can moor your boat to visit the town and stay overnight. Most harbours include sanitary facilities. Are you looking for a peaceful place to spend the night, consider sailing your boat to one of the many specially constructed mooring spots in the nature.
|Group accommodations »|
|Bed and Breakfasts »|
|Pension Het Smitsvuur||Workum|
|Camping Oan'e Poel||Terherne|
|Amicitia Hotel Sneek||Sneek|
|Best Western Marathon Hotel Drachten||Drachten|
|Holiday villages »|
|Bungalowpark It Wiid||Eernewoude|
|Bowling & Partycentrum Drachten||Drachten|
|Paviljoen Sneekermeer||Offingawier (Sneek)|
|Boat rental »|
|Petting zoos »|
|Boat trips »|
|Party-en Rondvaartbedrijf Harmonie||Drachten|
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A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks
Developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), BACnet is an American national standard, a European standard, a national standard in more than 30 countries, and an ISO global standard. The protocol is supported and maintained by ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 135.
What is BACnet?
It is an acronym for "building automation and controls network". BACnet provides a sophisticated model for describing automation systems of all types. This model is based on the idea that for systems to be truly interoperable, there must be some agreement about various aspects of the overall operation and the individual systems themselves. BACnet organizes its model into these component parts:
- Objects to represent system information and databases, along with a uniform method for accessing both standardized and proprietary information
- Services which allow BACnet devices to ask each other to perform various functions in standardized ways
- LANs which provide transport mechanisms for exchanging messages across various types of networks and communications media
- Internetworking rules which permit the construction of large networks composed of different LAN types
- Conformance rules which define standardized ways of describing systems in BACnet terms, and standardized forms for describing which optional features of BACnet a given system provide.
Evaluating the qualities of a BACnet device
Not all BACnet devices are created equal. Most offer only a subset of the full BACnet implementation. The capabilities of each device are determined by its Conformance Class, available Function Groups, and its Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS).
BACnet defines six Conformance Classes that describe the general capabilities of a device. The higher the class number of a device, the more features it is required to provide. Essentially, the Conformance Class is a measure of the device's ability to communicate.
However, class is not sufficient by itself to specify a BACnet device. For example, a class 2 BACnet device must provide both the ReadProperty and WriteProperty services, but only one standard object (the Device object) is required. In practice, you would want to specify also those BACnet standard object types that you were looking for, so class by itself doesn't do the job.
The BACnet standard also describes a set of Functional Groups which are collections of BACnet features, like Services and Objects, necessary to carry out certain building automation functions like Alarm Reporting, File Transfer, and Virtual Terminals.
To facilitate the description of a BACnet implementation BACnet defines the Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement or PICS. The PICS defines the information that must be provided to identify all of the key features of a BACnet device. The PICS identifies the manufacturer, make and model, the conformance class, which functional groups are supported, which standard objects are present, which optional properties of those objects are implemented, the acceptable range of values for writable properties, what type of LANs are supported with what types of media, etc.
To learn more about the BACnet standard check out the following articles:
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I am pretty sure you have seen night google in use either on movies sailors or soldiers. Night vision goggles are also used in other applications like wildlife observation, advanced security surveillance and law enforcement just to mention a few. If you are wondering whether it is true these devices work, they actually work. They have the ability to produce images even in low light conditions. How exactly do night vision goggles work? How can you use them effectively to get a better view at night? I will help you understand more about night vision goggles and how they work.
These goggles use some technology called image enhancement. This technology takes what is in the vicinity at night and makes it clear to you. In extremely dark times, there is still some light not visible with naked eye. Infrared light is taken by the night vision goggles and it is amplified so that you will easily see what is going on in the dark.
Night goggles also use thermal imaging technology. This particular technology emits heat that is in form of infrared light. The infrared light is captured after it is emitted by heat objects in view range. It is clear what is going on based on the amount of heat being emitted. The thermal imaging technology is perfect when viewing people at night, however, many night vision equipment uses the image enhancement technology to enable vision at night easy.
This night vision is so important and is mainly used by the law enforcers, military men and is used to find people in the dark, surveillance purposes and navigation. It is also used to hunt at night and also watching animals at night in the wild.
This night goggles will seem to show you the green light, this is because when any available heat is captured and amplified it then turns to electronic information and transmitted to the eyes. The human eyes are sensitive to green light and it becomes easy to look at green pictures than it is to look at black and white pictures.
Steps That Take Effect:
In a night scene, dim light made of photons of all colors enter the lens at the front, the photons hit and strike a photocathode which is very sensitive. The photocathode converts photons to electrons which are in turn amplified by a photomultiplier. When an electron enters photomultipliers many electrons leave. The electrons strike a phosphor screen and create tiny light flashes.
Night vision goggles are of two types; there is the passive and active vision. The passive night vision is whereby the available light is amplified and will not work in absolute darkness. The active night vision is mainly found in camcorders and will project near an infrared light The camera optics are sensitive, this out of visual so it's not possible to see it. The military equipment mostly does not use infrared lights but instead use ultraviolet radiation because of the potential interference with some devices like remote, it is also because you can easily detect. The night goggles usually depend on the photoelectric effect.
There Are Some Factors That You Should Consider At All Times When Choosing Night Vision Goggles:
We already know that human beings have got a poor and terrible sight at night and will need to have night vision goggles in case they need to see outside at night. The feeling of hunting at night and even nature viewing at night is fulfilling and you will love it. After helping you with how the night vision goggles work you will be able to know on what to go for whenever you need the goggles. It will surely make your life easy.
I am Robert Redford, A hunting enthusiast and I have more than 9 years of hunting experience. I have created this blog in order to share my research and experience with those who love hunting and shooting so much. I devote most of the time creating research-based product recommended to you for an easy pick among multiple options.
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'It's back to the drawing board...' Innocent axions found not guilty of dark matter crimes
Boffins look on the bright side of detecting basically nothing
Physicists have ruled out the existence of axions once considered possible dark matter candidates.
Dark matter has scientists stumped. It is widely believed that about 27 per cent of the universe is dark matter: mysterious globs of undetectable stuff that nobody really understands. Astronomers can observe its effects, and learn more about it through experiments and simulations, but precisely what dark matter is, well, it's not yet clear.
A team of physicists has now conducted a search for dark matter using laboratory equipment, rather than astronomical observations, and unfortunately found no sign of axions within a wide range of masses, which were believed to be what makes up the baffling invisible material. The results were analyzed and published in Physical Review X on Wednesday.
The experiment was carried out by researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, and the Laue-Langevin Institute in Grenoble, France, as part of the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Collaboration.
The boffins trapped neutrons in a chamber using an electric and magnetic field. Although neutrons have no overall charge, they are made up of quarks that do individually have a positive or negative charge, and this gives neutrons a magnetic moment.
Ancient fat black holes created by belching Big Bang's dark matterREAD MORE
In the presence of an external magnetic field, the neutron precesses with a frequency known as the Larmor frequency, due to that aforementioned magnetic moment. By switching the direction of the field, the scientists measured the change in a neutron’s Larmor frequency, and from that calculated its electric dipole moment, which is a measure of the distribution of positive and negative charge inside the neutron.
If axions were there as invisible dark matter, the extra presence of stuff would distort the readings in an observable manner. But the team detected no unexpected changes. There were no mystery guests to be found; no sign of the dark matter culprits.
Phillip Harris, coauthor of the paper and a professor of mathematical and physical sciences at the University of Sussex, England, said: "We've analysed the measurements we took in France and Switzerland and they provide evidence that axions – at least the kind that would have been observable in the experiment – do not exist.
“When we're searching for axions, we watch for whether the measurement fluctuates over time with a constant frequency. If so, it would be proof that there had been some interaction between the neutron and the axion. We never saw that."
There was no signal confirming the presence of axions between the wide mass range of 10−24 electronvolts and 10-17 electronvolts, essentially. While this does not rule out the possibility of the existence of axions, it just means the scientists have narrowed down their pursuit of dark matter candidates, said Nicholas Ayres, coauthor of the paper and a graduate physics student at Sussex uni.
"These results open a new front in the hunt for dark matter," he said. "They disprove the existence of axions with a wide range of masses and therefore help to limit the variety of particles which could be candidates for dark matter. And it's fantastic to see that these results – which were being collected for another purpose entirely – could be used as a piggyback to search for axions too."
Identifying dark matter will not only be a triumph for theoretical physics and a feat of engineering, it may help researchers understand why there is an imbalance of matter and antimatter in the universe.
At some point during the genesis of the universe, there would have been equal amounts of matter and antimatter, and they should have annihilated one another. Matter appears to have won that battle, as it's spread out all over the joint, whereas there's little or no antimatter left over. Dark matter is believed to unlock that strange asymmetry.
Before then, however, these results "essentially send physicists back to the drawing board in our hunt for dark matter," Harris concluded. ®
Sponsored: What next after Netezza?
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What if your pen could warn you about spelling mistakes, just like your word processor? Lernstift – German for "learning pen" – is a Linux-based smart pen that not only corrects spelling, but can also help students, or anyone else, improve their handwriting.
There are other smart pens on the market, such as the Livescribe, but Lernstift is unusual in that doesn't require special paper and will have exchangeable pen tips – including a fountain pen module, a ballpoint module, and, eventually, a pencil module. The gadget is now available for pre-order through Kickstarter and is expected to ship in December.
But why worry about enhancing handwriting on paper just when society seems to be abandoning that skill in favor of typing, or at least using digital styluses? Lernstift inventor Falk Wolsky explains that the idea was born out of frustration with his oldest son's homework mistakes. Wolsky says his son was too often distracted, and would make small, preventable errors.
"My wife said: 'I wish the pen would give him an electroshock or something to make him think about his spelling,'" Wolsky says. "I thought, an electroshock wasn't so good, but a vibration might work."
Wolsky doubts old fashioned handwriting will ever go away, citing research on its cognitive benefits. For example, one study by researchers at Indiana University found that students who wrote letters and other symbols by hand could better identify those shapes later than those who just studied them without writing them.
Lernstift works by monitoring what a user is writing using built in sensors. It can then send data wirelessly to a computer or tablet that can analyze what's being written and then tell the pen to vibrate if the user draws a letter too sloppily, or if they misspell a word. "They get instant feedback, instead of feedback three days later when the teacher hands the paper back covered in red marks," Wolsky says.
The pen uses a custom embedded Linux operating system with custom, closed-source software that controls the sensors and handles handwriting recognition. But Lernstift will have an open API so that developers can build new applications for the pen, whether that's new dictionaries to support spell checking in different languages, or ways to use the pen to transfer drawings to Photoshop. "The developer platform is extremely important part for us," he says.
Lernstift is yet another example of how "the internet of things" can turn household items like pens into programmable "smart objects." Even something as old fashioned as handwriting can be given new dimensions.
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Soil removed by the ants has covered these pine needles that have been moved by overland flow. If we make a section through an ant nest we will notice that the pine needles are packed into the soil in layers and have begun to decompose, a process hastened by fungi.
Image 16560 is a 661 by 1023 pixel JPEG Uploaded:
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Reuse This item is offered under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ You may reuse this item for non-commercial purposes as long as you provide attribution and offer any derivative works under a similar license.
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This is a resource from the United States that has videos and lesson plans that would work well in some social justice classrooms.
“The Independent Television Service (ITVS) funds, presents, and promotes award-winning documentaries and dramas on public television and cable, innovative new media projects on the Web, and the Emmy Award-winning weekly series Independent Lens Monday nights at 10:00 PM on PBS.” Source: http://itvs.org/about
“Community Classroom is an innovative and free resource for educators, offering short-form film modules adapted from ITVS’s award-winning documentaries and standards-based lesson plans for high school and community colleges, NGOs, and youth organizations.” Source: http://itvs.org/educators/collections
For example “What’s your calling?” can be used in ta class on vocations. While it gives a secular perspective, there are elements that resonate with a Catholic perspective and can be woven into a class on this topic.
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Vegetables. They are grown in various shapes and sizes. Plus diverse colors, as well. Green, red, orange, yellow. Peas, tomatoes, carrots, corn. Health officials have long advised people to eat them, as they are rich in vitamins. Based upon my "Nutrition & Health for Dogs" pet resource book, canines benefit by ingesting veggies, also!! In fact, most are good for our four-legged animals!! The "dark green leafy" kind, plus red, orange, and yellow vegetables have been deemed most nutritious. However, onions are to be avoided at all times. Because these white, crunchy bulbs "contain a substance called n-propyl disulfide, which alters and eventually destroys the red blood cells of dogs, causing hemolytic anemia and sometimes death." In fact, canines who were fed veggies young will readily try Earth's vitamin-loaded treats fresh from our refrigerator!! Unless I am discussing Rose, who eats nearly everything!! Once, we chucked her a medium piece of raw broccoli. Which my Beagle mix did not hesitate to accept!! She caught it mid-air, held the wet, bushy green edible flower bud within her mouth.... And playfully ran toward our living room!! Rose then dropped that vegetable onto a rug!! She rolled in it, snatched the treat between her teeth, and pranced toward our carpeted great room!! Repeat: drop, roll, eat!! Rose reacted as though we had just presented her with a delectable beef-flavored rawhide bone!! She apparently considers broccoli to be some playtime item!! Much like many people, I am not a huge fanatic of veggies. I can certainly learn from my "Mongrel-Hound" about healthful snacking!! And Rose eats vegetables with such gusto!! What a grateful attitude she possesses!!
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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are commonly reported by office workers worldwide. MSDs are defined as illnesses and injuries that affect one or more parts of the musculoskeletal system. They include sprains, strains, inflammation, degeneration, tears, pinched nerves or blood vessels, bone splintering and stress fractures. Symptoms include discomfort, pain, fatigue, swelling, stiffness, or numbness and tingling. These disorders and contributing factors can have detrimental effects on workers’ health and productivity. However, ergonomics education, awareness of ergonomic principals and regular workstation audits can help alleviate some of the underlying symptoms of MSDs in the office.
Proper ergonomics education can result in: reduced frequency and severity of injuries, increased productivity, improvement in quality, improvement in overall employee well-being and decreased turnover and absenteeism.
Try these practical fixes to decrease fatigue, discomfort and physical stress on the body while also increasing comfort and productivity in the workplace.
- Get up and move and avoid prolonged periods of sitting.
- Change positions every 30 minutes. There is no perfect position or posture that will work for everyone. The key to the best posture is variety. Body postures determine which joints and muscles are used in an activity and the amount of force or stresses that are generated or tolerated. It is important to try and sustain strong, supportive postures to decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
- Take short stretch breaks periodically throughout the day. Injuries are typically the result of cumulative stress on the muscles, joints, and tendons over time. Stretching not only loosens up the muscles, but helps to reduce the effects of repetitive motion stresses on the body while at work.
Additionally, workstation audits can ensure employees have an ergonomically friendly office space. This office ergonomics assessment can help identify key areas of poor posture and opportunities for improvement to avoid fatigue and discomfort:
- Computer monitors: Computer monitors should be placed directly in front of the user, with the top no higher than eye level. Humans naturally have a line of sight of 15 degrees below the horizontal so positioning at this height can ensure the user’s line of focus is at the center of the computer screen.
- Head position: Try to keep the weight of the head directly above its base of support (neck). Positioning the head forward puts additional strain on the neck muscles.
- Seating in chair: Hips should be positioned all the way back in the office chair. When doing this, the user is naturally conforming to the shape of his/her spine. It is best to avoid slouching in the office chair, as slouching puts more pressure on the discs and vertebrae of the back.
- Arm rests: Arm rests should be adjusted so they don’t come into contact with the arms unless the user is resting.
- Chair height: The office chair should be positioned in a way that allows the user to be in a 90-90-90 position. In other words, the knees, hips and ankles should all be at 90 degrees with both feet flat on the floor. It is important to take note that desk height may dictate seat height which may require footrest use.
- Elbow height: Elbow height should match desk height.
- Keyboard/Mouse: The keyboard tray should be positioned at a flat or slightly negative tilt. The user should avoid having a positive tilt at all costs. Additionally, the keyboard and mouse should be positioned close enough together to avoid excessive reaching, which causes strain in the shoulders and arms.
- Rest the Eyes: Take periodic breaks away from the screen for several seconds by looking at objects at a distance, to avoid eye strain.
Office ergonomics can be a key part of your injury prevention program. Keeping employees comfortable and pain-free is good business. For more information on conducting office workstation evaluations, watch MMA’s Office Ergonomics Video. It gives you a direct look at good and bad ergonomic postures and practical ways to fix the issues.
For onsite assistance with ergonomic evaluations or training, contact your local MMA Loss Control representative.
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10 Facts about CSS
Facts about CSS present the information about a style sheet language. The word CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. If you use a markup language in a presentation, you need to employ CSS. CSS is primarily applied for XHTML and HTML. But the application of CSS is not limited. The people who work with XML documents such as XUL, SVG and XML can apply CSS too.
Facts about CSS 1: the function of CSS
CSS is very important to improve the visual look of webpages. It makes the websites more attractive to view.
Facts about CSS 2: the mobile and web app
The mobile apps and web apps also need CSS because it is functional for the user interfaces.
Facts about CSS 3: the document content
There are several aspects of document contents like fonts, colors and layout that you can separate by using CSS.
Facts about CSS 4: the importance of separation
When you can separate each aspect in the document content, you can get a lot of benefits. The user can decrease repetition and complexity. Moreover, he or she can control the characteristics of presentation due to the flexible accessibility.
Facts about CSS 5: the different rendering methods
It allows the users to have different rendering methods by voice, in print or on screen by using the content and formatting separation on CSS. Get interesting facts about computer viruses here.
Facts about CSS 6: easier search
It will be easier for the users to search for the style sheet because the CCS file can be used in specified storage space.
Facts about CSS 7: changes
It is easier for the user to apply changes on hundreds of documents. You do not have to alter the markup. What you have to do is editing the CSS file. Find facts about CPU here.
Facts about CSS 8: W3C
W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium. It has the primary function to maintain the specifications of CSS. A free CSS validation service for CSS documents is under the operation of World Wide Web Consortium.
Facts about CSS 9: CSS information
If you want to receive the CSS information, there are numerous sources available. You can check the information from author, user and web browser. Property definition, inheritance, importance, media type, inline, and rule orders are some aspects that you can find out from CSS information from the author.
Facts about CSS 10: the purpose of CSS
CSS is made because it wants to give the user more control when he or she creates presentation.
Are you interested reading facts about CSS?
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|Consider the following statements related to No-frill account.|
|1. No-frill account is a type of bank account, with low/zero balance requirement from a normal saving bank's account, with all features.|
|2. It is a type of account, with low/zero balance requirement with extra features removed.|
|3. No-frill account enables financial inclusion of poor people.|
|4. Maximum number of withdrawals are restricted to a particular limit, in No-frill account.|
|Which of the statements given above are correct?|
A) 1 and 4
B) 2, 3 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1 and 3
Correct Answer: B
Solution :[b] Statement 1 is wrong, because No-frill account are accounts of low or zero balance with extra features like ATM card, cheque book are removed. The main aim of No-frill account is financial inclusion. Because, poor people are not able to open bank accounts because of minimum balance criteria, which is quite high normally. But, any No-frill account holder can convert their account into normal savings account, in later period. Maximum number of withdrawals also limited to a particular limit, depending upon the bank.
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In stock online Usually dispatched within 24 hours. Quantity Add to basket.
15 editions of this work
This item has been added to your basket View basket Checkout. Your local Waterstones may have stock of this item. A consistent best-seller, the wide-ranging and authoritative Dictionary of Sociology was first published in and contains more than 2, entries on the terminology, methods, concepts, and thinkers in the field, as well as from the related fields of psychology, economics, anthropology, philosophy, and political science. For this fourth edition, Professor John Scott has conducted a thorough review of all entries to ensure that they are concise, focused, and up to date.
Revisions reflect current intellectual debates and social conditions, particularly in relation to global and multi-cultural issues. New entries cover relevant contemporary concepts, such as climate change, social media, terrorism, and intersectionality, as well as key living sociologists.
A Dictionary of Sociology - John Scott - Google книги
This Dictionary is both an invaluable introduction to sociology for beginners, and an essential source of reference for more advanced students and teachers. Added to basket. The Craftsman. Richard Sennett. Rob Webb. Steve Chapman. Slavoj Zizek. The Art of Conversation. Judy Apps.
A dictionary of sociology. [Oxford Dictionary of sociology]. 3rd edition.
Fionnuala Swann. Philosophy of Social Science. Ted Benton.
On Suicide. Emile Durkheim. The Sociology Book.
Sex and Punishment. Eric Berkowitz.
A Dictionary of Sociology. John Scott. An Introduction to Sociology in Ireland. Oxford Quick Reference. The most authoritative dictionary of sociology available. Fully revised to include the most up-to-date concepts and contemporary social issues. It is both an ideal introduction to the subject, and an invaluable reference work for more advanced students and teachers.
Oxford Dictionary of Sociology
He has published over 10 books on many aspects of sociology, and is a member of the board of 3 different sociology journals. Readers and especially beginning readers of sociology can scarcely do better than turn to this dictionary. There is no better single-volume compilation for an up-to-date, readable and authoritative source of definitions, summaries and references in contemporary sociology - A.
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What did these four beasts represent?
"These great beasts, which are four, are four kings, which shall arise out of the earth." Verse 17.
NOTE - The word "kings" here, as in Dan. 2: 44, denotes kingdoms, as explained in verses 23 and
24 of the seventh chapter, the two words being used interchangeably in this prophecy.
Under the symbol of the great image of the second chapter of Daniel, is given the mere political
outline of the rise and fall of earthly kingdoms, preceding the setting up of God's everlasting kingdom. In
the seventh chapter, earthly governments are represented as viewed in the light of heaven-under the
symbols of wild and ferocious beasts-the last, in particular, oppressing and persecuting the saints of the
Most High. Hence the change in the symbols used to represent these kingdoms.
Why have all been reckoned under sin?
Who are called to repentance?
To what temple did He refer?
How early did Timothy know the Scriptures?
How are the rise and work of this power described?
What will the righteous do upon rising from the grave?
22. While many will be deceived by these wonders, and accept of the false christs that appear, what will those say who have maintained their love for the truth, and patiently waited for Christ's return?
Questions & Answers are from the book Bible Readings for the Home Circle
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I Ching: The Book of Change
by Cheng Yi, Translated by Thomas Cleary
Posted by: DailyOM
The I Ching (Book of Change) is considered the oldest of the Chinese classics, and has throughout Chinese history commanded unsurpassed prestige and popularity. Containing several layers of text and given numerous levels of interpretation, the I Ching has been venerated for more than three thousand years as an oracle of fortune, a guide to success, and a source of wisdom. The underlying theme of the text is change, and how this fundamental force influences all aspects of life—from business and politics to personal relationships.
In this translation, previously published as The Tao of Organization, the root text is supported by commentary by Cheng Yi. A distinguished scholar and teacher of the eleventh century, Cheng Yi is regarded as one of the greatest sociological thinkers of Song-dynasty China. He conveys a fundamentally forward-thinking attitude in his treatment of the text, based on the belief that since change is an inexorable law of the universe encompassing everything in the world, great and small, it is better to overtake change than be overtaken by it.
Chapter 3: Difficulty
From difficulty there is great development; it is beneficial to be faithful. Do not try to go anywhere. It is beneficial to establish supervisors. Difficulty is when things are just beginning and there is a feeling of congestion; it also refers to when a country is stagnant in difficult times and has not found the way through to well-being.
There is a way to great development in difficulty so there is benefit in dealing with difficulty faithfully and firmly. If you are not firm and true, how can you get through difficulty? When in difficulty, it will not do to go anywhere.
On a larger scale, the difficulties of a group cannot be solved by the power of one person alone; it is necessary to make extensive provisions for assistance. This is one meaning of the statement "it is beneficial to establish supervisors."
FIRST YANG: Staying there, it is beneficial to live correctly, and it is beneficial to establish supervisors.
This represents people endowed with firm strength and clear intelligence who are in low positions in times of general difficulty. They cannot go right ahead, and solve the difficulty, so they "stay there." At the outset of difficulty, to rush ahead leads into trouble. So it is appropriate to "live correctly" and stabilize your will.
Ordinary people can rarely live correctly in difficulty Without the preservation of faithfulness and firmness, people will lose their sense of duty and right—how can this help in times of difficulty? Living in an era of difficulty, stuck in a low position, it is advantageous to have assistants; this is the way to live with difficulty and get over difficulty. So here again is the image of "establishing supervisors," which means to find helpers.
2 YIN: Hard to get going, mounted on a horse but standing still. Not marrying anyone who forces himself on her, the woman is chaste, and does not get engaged. After ten years she gets engaged.
This represents people who are receptive to positive direction and who want to go the right way, but who are subjected to oppression by low-level power; these people have a hard time making progress. They are also people who cannot save themselves in difficult times but nevertheless who remain balanced and upright, responsive only to higher impulses, not giving in to the crude forces that bear upon them. Therefore they are likened to a chaste woman who remains steadfast for "ten years"—meaning however long it may be—until the difficulty comes to its eventual end and she finds her true mate, gets married, and has children.
Women are in a weak position in society, but if they keep their will and self-discipline for a long time, eventually they will succeed; how much the more can men of affairs succeed if they keep to the right way and do not regress to elementary aggression.
3 YIN: Chasing deer without a guide, one only goes into the forest; superior people discern that it is better to give up, for to go would lead to humiliation.
This is weakness where strength is called for, unbalanced and disoriented, therefore acting arbitrarily; no matter how much one craves what one seeks, one lacks the ability to achieve a solution by oneself, and has no one to help. This is like chasing deer without a guide: people who go into the forest need a guide to show them the way, lest they get lost in the wilds. Superior people see the subtle indications of what an act will lead to; so if it is better to give up, they do not pursue such an act lest it lead only to frustration and shame.
4 YIN: Mounted on a horse, standing still. Seeking partnership, it is good to go, beneficial all around.
This represents people who are flexible and receptive to positive direction, but haven't the ability to resolve difficulties, and therefore do not get anywhere even though they wish to progress.
If people are themselves incapable of solving the difficulties of the time, they should seek help from the wise. People who have high social standing but do not have the ability to solve the difficulties of the time should hire wise people from among the populace; then both working together can help the leadership solve difficulty in an auspicious manner beneficial to all.
5 YANG: Stalling the benefits. A little correction turns out well, a big correction turns out badly.
The fifth line is the position of honor, representing leadership. If the leadership is correctly oriented, and has the assistance of wise people who are strong and clear minded, then it is possible to solve difficulties.
In the case represented by this line, the leadership lacks administrators, and this "stalls the benefits." That is to say, the benefits of good leadership do not extend to all the group. Therefore the leadership is not really in control; to try to hurriedly correct this situation will turn out badly. This is what is meant by "a big correction turns out badly." By contrast, a "little correction" means a gradual process of correction. In organizational terms, this means cultivating the qualities of leadership and employing worthy people.
TOP YIN: Mounted on a horse, standing still, weeping tears of blood.
This represents weak people at the culmination of difficulty, in extreme danger, without any helpers, unable to relax, yet unable to get anywhere.
Book Excerpt, Spirituality, Philosophy
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Balinese uses a honorific system with three levels of how someone can be addressed or talked about. For example, “love” of a superior for an inferior must be indicated by one term and that of an inferior for a superior by another. In the Greek phrase that is translated in English as “you shall love the Lord your God (…) and your neighbor as yourself”, Balinese translates asih subaktija ragane teken Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa (…) tur tresnainja sesaman ragane, buka nresnain deweke padidi: “You shall give respectful-love to God, … further, you must love your neighbor as yourself.”
Source: J.L. Swellengrebel in The Bible Translator 1963, p. 158ff.
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Information Possibly Outdated
The information presented on this page was originally released on March 20, 2000. It may not be outdated, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to quote or reference this information in a publication, please check with the Extension specialist or author before proceeding.
Spring Gardens Need Extra Water Before Planting
MISSISSIPPI STATE -- Spring gardeners getting ready to put in their vegetable crop must include plenty of water in those plans.
Dr. David Nagel, vegetable specialist with Mississippi State University's Extension Service, said the state has a rain deficit of 5 to 6 inches. Soil that is growing vegetables loses about 1 inch a week, compared to 7/10 inch a week on fallow ground.
"We normally have a wet January and February and start this time of year with the soil holding as much water as it can," Nagel said. "This year, the whole state has been dry."
Nagel described a simple test that determines whether soil is too dry to plant. Take a handful of soil from planting depth and squeeze in the palm of the hand. Sandy soil should have sufficient moisture to maintain its shape once the hand is opened, even when the hand is gently rocked back and forth.
With silt loam or clay loam, the gardener should be able to gently press a finger into the clump without it falling apart. Clay soils should mold into the shape of the hand squeezing it.
"If you determine by these tests the soil is too dry, you need to pre-irrigate before planting," Nagel said.
Pre-irrigation also activates lime in the garden.
"Limestone requires moisture to react. If you have applied lime in the past couple of months, you need to irrigate just so your lime can react and adjust your soil pH," Nagel said. To pre-irrigate, soak the dry garden with 1 inch of water, which soaks to a depth of about 6 inches. Once seeds or plants are in the ground, the area requires 1 inch of rain or irrigation each week. Nagel said soaker hoses and drip tubing are the most efficient means of watering gardens.
Nagel said this year is a good year to try new seed varieties, noting that grape tomato seeds and gator green green beans are available to growers.
Insect pressure will be intense this year because of the mild winter. Thrips are already causing problems in some gardens.
"Plan to be diligent with your insect control measures," Nagel said.
While the weather has been poor for gardens so far this year, conditions should improve. Dr. Charles Wax, state climatologist and head of MSU's geosciences department, said the mild and dry weather of recent months is typical of La Nina conditions.
"Weather conditions that are causing it not to rain will be gone by late spring," Wax said. "We don't know if it will be replaced by something else that causes it not to rain."
However, the 90-day forecast for March through April doesn't look bad. Both temperatures and precipitation are expected to be just slightly above normal, Wax said. However, he advised that these long-range outlooks are very generalized.
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File Name: equilibrium of demand and supply .zip
When two lines on a diagram cross, this intersection usually means something. At any other price, the quantity demanded does not equal the quantity supplied, so the market is not in equilibrium at that price. We can also identify the equilibrium with a little algebra if we have equations for the supply and demand curves.
In economics , economic equilibrium is a situation in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the equilibrium values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the standard text perfect competition , equilibrium occurs at the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal. This price is often called the competitive price or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes, and quantity is called the "competitive quantity" or market clearing quantity. But the concept of equilibrium in economics also applies to imperfectly competitive markets, where it takes the form of a Nash equilibrium.
For details on it including licensing , click here. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author but see below , don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, , and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz in an effort to preserve the availability of this book.
Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages.
More information is available on this project's attribution page. For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page. You can browse or download additional books there. To download a. In this section we combine the demand and supply curves we have just studied into a new model. The model of demand and supply Model that uses demand and supply curves to explain the determination of price and quantity in a market.
The logic of the model of demand and supply is simple. The demand curve shows the quantities of a particular good or service that buyers will be willing and able to purchase at each price during a specified period. The supply curve shows the quantities that sellers will offer for sale at each price during that same period. By putting the two curves together, we should be able to find a price at which the quantity buyers are willing and able to purchase equals the quantity sellers will offer for sale.
Figure 3. Buyers want to purchase, and sellers are willing to offer for sale, 25 million pounds of coffee per month. The market for coffee is in equilibrium. Unless the demand or supply curve shifts, there will be no tendency for price to change. The equilibrium price The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.
The equilibrium quantity The quantity demanded and supplied at the equilibrium price. When we combine the demand and supply curves for a good in a single graph, the point at which they intersect identifies the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.
Consumers demand, and suppliers supply, 25 million pounds of coffee per month at this price. With an upward-sloping supply curve and a downward-sloping demand curve, there is only a single price at which the two curves intersect. This means there is only one price at which equilibrium is achieved.
It follows that at any price other than the equilibrium price, the market will not be in equilibrium. We next examine what happens at prices other than the equilibrium price. Because we no longer have a balance between quantity demanded and quantity supplied, this price is not the equilibrium price. The supply curve tells us what sellers will offer for sale—35 million pounds per month.
The difference, 20 million pounds of coffee per month, is called a surplus. More generally, a surplus The amount by which the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the current price. There is, of course, no surplus at the equilibrium price; a surplus occurs only if the current price exceeds the equilibrium price. A surplus in the market for coffee will not last long. With unsold coffee on the market, sellers will begin to reduce their prices to clear out unsold coffee.
As the price of coffee begins to fall, the quantity of coffee supplied begins to decline. At the same time, the quantity of coffee demanded begins to rise. Remember that the reduction in quantity supplied is a movement along the supply curve—the curve itself does not shift in response to a reduction in price.
Similarly, the increase in quantity demanded is a movement along the demand curve—the demand curve does not shift in response to a reduction in price. Price will continue to fall until it reaches its equilibrium level, at which the demand and supply curves intersect. At that point, there will be no tendency for price to fall further. In general, surpluses in the marketplace are short-lived. The prices of most goods and services adjust quickly, eliminating the surplus.
Later on, we will discuss some markets in which adjustment of price to equilibrium may occur only very slowly or not at all. Just as a price above the equilibrium price will cause a surplus, a price below equilibrium will cause a shortage. A shortage The amount by which the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at the current price. At that price, 15 million pounds of coffee would be supplied per month, and 35 million pounds would be demanded per month. When more coffee is demanded than supplied, there is a shortage.
The result is a shortage of 20 million pounds of coffee per month. In the face of a shortage, sellers are likely to begin to raise their prices. As the price rises, there will be an increase in the quantity supplied but not a change in supply and a reduction in the quantity demanded but not a change in demand until the equilibrium price is achieved.
A change in demand or in supply changes the equilibrium solution in the model. Panels a and b show an increase and a decrease in demand, respectively; Panels c and d show an increase and a decrease in supply, respectively. A change in one of the variables shifters held constant in any model of demand and supply will create a change in demand or supply. A shift in a demand or supply curve changes the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity for a good or service.
We then look at what happens if both curves shift simultaneously. Each of these possibilities is discussed in turn below. An increase in demand for coffee shifts the demand curve to the right, as shown in Panel a of Figure 3. As the price rises to the new equilibrium level, the quantity supplied increases to 30 million pounds of coffee per month.
Notice that the supply curve does not shift; rather, there is a movement along the supply curve. Demand shifters that could cause an increase in demand include a shift in preferences that leads to greater coffee consumption; a lower price for a complement to coffee, such as doughnuts; a higher price for a substitute for coffee, such as tea; an increase in income; and an increase in population.
A change in buyer expectations, perhaps due to predictions of bad weather lowering expected yields on coffee plants and increasing future coffee prices, could also increase current demand. Panel b of Figure 3.
As the price falls to the new equilibrium level, the quantity supplied decreases to 20 million pounds of coffee per month. Demand shifters that could reduce the demand for coffee include a shift in preferences that makes people want to consume less coffee; an increase in the price of a complement, such as doughnuts; a reduction in the price of a substitute, such as tea; a reduction in income; a reduction in population; and a change in buyer expectations that leads people to expect lower prices for coffee in the future.
An increase in the supply of coffee shifts the supply curve to the right, as shown in Panel c of Figure 3. As the price falls to the new equilibrium level, the quantity of coffee demanded increases to 30 million pounds of coffee per month. Notice that the demand curve does not shift; rather, there is movement along the demand curve. Possible supply shifters that could increase supply include a reduction in the price of an input such as labor, a decline in the returns available from alternative uses of the inputs that produce coffee, an improvement in the technology of coffee production, good weather, and an increase in the number of coffee-producing firms.
Panel d of Figure 3. As the price rises to the new equilibrium level, the quantity demanded decreases to 20 million pounds of coffee per month. Possible supply shifters that could reduce supply include an increase in the prices of inputs used in the production of coffee, an increase in the returns available from alternative uses of these inputs, a decline in production because of problems in technology perhaps caused by a restriction on pesticides used to protect coffee beans , a reduction in the number of coffee-producing firms, or a natural event, such as excessive rain.
You are likely to be given problems in which you will have to shift a demand or supply curve. Suppose you are told that an invasion of pod-crunching insects has gobbled up half the crop of fresh peas, and you are asked to use demand and supply analysis to predict what will happen to the price and quantity of peas demanded and supplied. Here are some suggestions. Put the quantity of the good you are asked to analyze on the horizontal axis and its price on the vertical axis.
Draw a downward-sloping line for demand and an upward-sloping line for supply. The initial equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of the two curves. Label the equilibrium solution. Do not worry about the precise positions of the demand and supply curves; you cannot be expected to know what they are.
Step 2 can be the most difficult step; the problem is to decide which curve to shift. The key is to remember the difference between a change in demand or supply and a change in quantity demanded or supplied. At each price, ask yourself whether the given event would change the quantity demanded. Clearly not; none of the demand shifters have changed. The event would, however, reduce the quantity supplied at this price, and the supply curve would shift to the left.
There is a change in supply and a reduction in the quantity demanded. There is no change in demand. Next check to see whether the result you have obtained makes sense. The graph in Step 2 makes sense; it shows price rising and quantity demanded falling. It is easy to make a mistake such as the one shown in the third figure of this Heads Up!
One might, for example, reason that when fewer peas are available, fewer will be demanded, and therefore the demand curve will shift to the left. This suggests the price of peas will fall—but that does not make sense. If only half as many fresh peas were available, their price would surely rise. The error here lies in confusing a change in quantity demanded with a change in demand.
Yes, buyers will end up buying fewer peas. But no, they will not demand fewer peas at each price than before; the demand curve does not shift. As we have seen, when either the demand or the supply curve shifts, the results are unambiguous; that is, we know what will happen to both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity, so long as we know whether demand or supply increased or decreased. However, in practice, several events may occur at around the same time that cause both the demand and supply curves to shift.
The algebraic approach to equilibrium. The algebraic approach to equilibrium analysis is to solve, simultaneously, the algebraic equations for demand and supply. In the example given above, the demand equation for good X was. To solve simultaneously, one first rewrites either the demand or the supply equation as a function of price. In the example above, the supply curve may be rewritten as follows:.
In microeconomics , supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It postulates that, holding all else equal , in a competitive market , the unit price for a particular good , or other traded item such as labor or liquid financial assets, will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded at the current price will equal the quantity supplied at the current price , resulting in an economic equilibrium for price and quantity transacted. It forms the theoretical basis of modern economics. Although it is normal to regard the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied as functions of the price of the goods, the standard graphical representation, usually attributed to Alfred Marshall , has price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis. Since determinants of supply and demand other than the price of the goods in question are not explicitly represented in the diagram, changes in the values of these variables are represented by moving the supply and demand curves.
For details on it including licensing , click here. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author but see below , don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, , and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here.
Sep, Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium. Economic Department, Saint Louis University. Instructor: Xi Wang.
Supply and demand , in economics , relationship between the quantity of a commodity that producers wish to sell at various prices and the quantity that consumers wish to buy. It is the main model of price determination used in economic theory. The price of a commodity is determined by the interaction of supply and demand in a market.
Price is dependent on the interaction between demand and supply components of a market. Demand and supply represent the willingness of consumers and producers to engage in buying and selling. An exchange of a product takes place when buyers and sellers can agree upon a price.
In this section we combine the demand and supply curves we have just studied into a new model. The model of demand and supply uses demand and supply curves to explain the determination of price and quantity in a market. The logic of the model of demand and supply is simple.
There are so many buyers and so many sellers that each has a negligible impact on the market price. • “Cannot” is a simplfied assumption:) You can always find.
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At the British Grand Prix, both Mercedes cars had problems with the left front tire due to the physical wear of the tires, and over the weekend, the tires of the two W11s were overheated.
Blistering tires are hard to make Mercedes give up like at the British Grand Prix, but it makes the W11 unable to fully exert its inherent strength. There are three reasons why Mercedes has problems that are completely different from the incidents that took place at the British Grand Prix.
First, Pirelli brought the F1 70’s Grand Prix to three types of tires one level softer than the British Grand Prix. In the previous race, drivers used soft-grade C1-C2-C3 tires, and over the weekend Pirelli provided tires C2-C3-C4.
The second reason is higher tire pressure. To avoid a mass tire explosion like last week, at Silverstone over the weekend, Pirelli adjusted a minimum tire pressure level of 27 psi with the front tire, 22 psi with the rear tire. At the British Grand Prix, the minimum pressure level is only 25 psi with the front tire, 21 psi with the rear tire.
Finally, the track temperature at the Grand Prix is 70 years higher. Race temperatures at Silverstone averaged 38 degrees Celsius, but over the weekend it was 43 degrees Celsius.
The harshness of the Silverstone track
Because of the harshness of the Silverstone track, Pirelli uses a one-level softer tire to steer the cars towards a 2-pit strategy, creating appeal and avoiding loss of safety. Pirelli’s plan has worked flawlessly. However, the use of softer tires makes them more susceptible to overheating.
So, on the same track, on August 2, two Mercedes riders can accelerate, chase and take turns to set up the fastest-lap, and on August 9, they have to limit the speed to bring the car to a safe destination.
The phenomenon of tire blistering appeared on August 2, but on a smaller scale and mainly occurs in the front tire. But the three reasons mentioned above appear at the same time that makes W11’s weaknesses manifest on a high-speed track and hot climate.
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The Impact of Biofuels on Agriculture
AgMRC Renewable Energy Newsletter
Co-director, Ag Marketing Resource Center
Iowa State University Extension
U.S. agriculture is going through one of the biggest changes in the last 100 years. Essentially, it is changing from a “surplus” production capacity industry to a “deficit” production capacity industry. This is a huge paradigm shift for individuals and businesses involved in production agriculture. Many of these changes are positive for the industry, but there are also challenges.
One of the primary drivers of this change is the entrance of the agricultural sector into the energy industry. Instead of serving just one master (food production) agriculture will be serving two masters (food and fuel production). Although the actual role agriculture will play in supplying energy is still uncertain, a significant contribution by agriculture will require a major change in the agriculture sector. Below are some of the impacts this change may have on the agriculture sector.
Corn ethanol is the first phase of agriculture’s entrance into the energy industry. Other linkages between agriculture and energy will follow. We will examine the following topics in more detail in future articles.
Industry in its Infancy
The biofuels industry is a new player on the business landscape. Typical of industries in their infancy, the biofuels industry will evolve rapidly in coming decades. Corn ethanol is the first phase of the biofuels evolution. Other phases will follow. So, the biofuels industry should be examined, not only as it exists now, but how it will look in the future.
Technology and innovation will create a cascade of changes and improvements. Breakthroughs in production processes will improve efficiency and reduce costs. New production methods will emerge that utilize an increasing array of feedstocks. New uses for bi-products will be developed. Transportation and logistics bottlenecks will be resolved. Environmental impacts will be reduced.
In future articles we will track these changes.
Corn ethanol production (as with other biofuels) is a commodity business requiring the purchase of commodity corn and the sale of commodity ethanol. A characteristic of commodity industries is that production capacity is expanded until profits are driven to a minimum. Corn ethanol is probably no exception. Ethanol production capacity will continue to expand until either the price of ethanol is driven down, the price of corn is driven up, or both. Only when rates of return are no better than investment returns in the rest of the economy will ethanol expansion stop. We can already see the impact of this through higher corn prices.
In future articles, we will track the expansion of corn ethanol and other biofuels in relationship to their demand, mandated usage and availability of feedstocks.
Meeting the Demand
Can we increase the U.S. crop production capacity to meet the expanding demand posed by biofuels while still meeting the needs of the food industry? In other words, can we serve two masters - food and fuel? U.S. agriculture has never been challenged to see how much it can produce.
There is little doubt that we can increase crop output over the coming years. Some of the ways production will increase are listed below.
- Trend line increases in corn yields will continue. Many analysts believe the rate of increase will be higher.
- Improved crop genetics will increase the amount of corn produced on marginal lands. The corn growing region of the U.S. will expand, especially into the Great Plains. Improved hybrids with shorter growing season requirements, reduced disease stress during dry conditions, and drought tolerance are all being touted by the seed industry.
- Conversion of some CRP land and other grassland areas to crop production.
- More research funding will focus on increasing agriculture’s production potential through improved inputs, cultural practices, etc.
- Increased usage of tile drainage to increase productivity. Higher grain prices will provide the financial incentive.
Will these and other factors be sufficient to meet the emerging energy demand while maintaining our commitment to food, feed, exports and conservation? In future articles we will track and analyze these and other factors to assess their impact on agricultural productivity and the environment.
A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats
“A rising tide lifts all boats” is often used in economic circles to indicate that a growing economy benefits all people. This concept can also be applied to grain production. Stated differently, a “rising corn prices lifts all grain prices.” This is because high corn prices are not caused by a limited supply of corn acres. Rather, high corn prices, over the long term, are caused by a limited number of total cropland acres.
Corn genetics are expanding the geographic area on which corn be produced. However, if we have more acres of corn, it means we have fewer acres of something else. And a shortage of the other crop will drive up the price of that crop. Expanding corn acreage in the Corn Belt will reduce soybean acreage. Reduced soybean acreage will drive up the price of soybeans. Higher soybean prices will expand soybean acreage in other areas like the Great Plains. Expanded soybean acreage will compete with wheat and other grains.
Currently there are a number of bullish factors impacting U.S. grain production. Poor crop conditions in many parts of the world are pushing up wheat prices. The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar is stimulating foreign demand for our grains. The rapidly expanding economies in other parts of the world (e.g. China and India) are stimulating this demand further. So, many factors in addition to bio-fuels are creating a bidding war for limited U.S. grain supplies.
In future articles we will address these issues.
Impacts on the Livestock Industry
Higher feed prices are putting intense pressure on livestock profits. Economic theory tells us that higher feed prices will eventually be translated into higher meat prices. Because the demand for meat is relatively unresponsive to price changes (inelastic), consumption will not drop precipitously as price increases. However, the transition period will not be pretty.
There is concern that the biofuels industry will cause a reduction in livestock production in the heart of the Cornbelt, especially for hogs and poultry. Although distillers grains is a feed by-product of the ethanol process, the total feed supply is reduced sharply. For every pound of corn that goes into the ethanol process, only one third of a pound comes out as distillers grains.
However, in the long-term, ethanol and livestock may find ways to co-exist. Research into the use of distiller’s grains as livestock feed is yielding interesting results. It indicates that distillers grains can comprise much more of the cattle ration than previously believed. Research is also being focused on using increased amounts of distillers grains in hog and poultry rations. These changes provide hope that the feed industry and the ethanol industry can co-exist and thrive.
In future articles we will explore the potential for the ethanol industry and the livestock industry to co-exist.
Farmland, the Limiting Resource
The scenario I describe above appears to be of great benefit for grain farmers. However, that is not necessarily the case. Profits accrue to the limiting resources in agriculture. Farmers are not the limiting resource, farmland is. We can see this by the line-up of farmers that develops every time a tract of land comes up for sale or rent. Because land is the limited resource in producing grains, it becomes the residual claimant of profits. Farmers bid aggressively to expand their land base and farmland rental rates rise to the point where grain farmer’s profits are reduced to levels in existence before the grain price rise. Rising rental rates and expectations of future increases are quickly capitalized into land values. So the biggest beneficiary is the land owner. Granted, many farmers are both farm operators and land owners. However, over half of the land in Iowa is rented, often from an out-of-state landowner.
We will track the monthly profitability of the industry and how these profits (losses) are distributed among the biofuels producer, farm operator, input supplier and farmland owner.
Climate Change and Carbon Emissions
A powerful new factor has entered the economic calculus of the supply and demand for renewable fuels. Over the past year the dangers of greenhouse gas emissions have been confirmed. So biofuels are being called upon to achieve a reduction in both our dependence on foreign oil and the carbon footprint of transportation fuels. How this will be achieved is uncertain at this time. More research and analysis are required to adequately address this issue. In addition, some mechanism is needed to put a price on carbon (and other greenhouse gases) so the marketplace can reflect the importance of these emissions.
Regardless of the actions taken to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, the earth will continue to warm over the next 30 years. How will this impact the ability of the U.S. and international agriculture to produce food and fuel is unknown.
This newsletter contains the first of a series of articles on climate change and its impact on agriculture and renewable fuels.
A New Set of Players
The increased profitability of agriculture, including bio-fuels, is attracting a new set of players to the agriculture sector. These players, including finance, technology, venture capital and others, will be competing with us for a piece of the action. We will no longer have the agriculture sector just to ourselves. So we must garner new skills to effectively compete.
In the new environment described above, U.S. agriculture’s place on the national and international stage will become much more pronounced. Agriculture and the decisions made in the industry will come under intense scrutiny. Our detractors will be more powerful and more forceful. To be successful, we will need to learn how to effectively navigate and function with this new prominence. It will require a new set of skills.
In future articles we will provide information and analysis on issues like the current debates about food versus fuel.
Crop Price Volatility
In this new environment, grain prices will be influenced by both food and energy demand factors. The demand from the food sector is relatively stable. Changes in demand are driven by changes in population, consumer incomes and consumer tastes and preferences, all of which change slowly. A stable food industry has led to relatively stable crop prices over recent decades. By contrast, the energy industry is going through a period of monumental change, leading to uncertainty and rapid changes in supply and demand conditions. This will lead to volatile energy prices which in turn will lead to volatile grain prices.
As the energy industry’s dependence on bio-fuels increases, the impact of the energy industry on bio-fuels will increase. A whole new set of factors will have a direct impact on grain prices. Crude oil pricing decisions by Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Russia and other exporting countries will have a direct impact on U.S. grain prices. Terrorism and other crude oil supply disruptions will impact grain prices.
We will track the price relationships between the agriculture and energy sectors and assess the key price drivers of the renewable energy sector.
History of Little Significance
People often use historic prices and past experiences for making decisions relative to the future viability and profitability of agriculture and the bio-fuels industry. However, by all indications, we have entered a new era in agriculture. Where it will take us no one knows. But we do know that agriculture’s future will probably not look like its past. So looking into the rear-view mirror will probably not provide much value for predicting the future. In fact, reliance on the rear-view-mirror may lead to erroneous decisions.
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Marine cargo carriers are scrambling to prepare for "IMO 2020," a set of new environmental regulations that kick in Jan. 1. The regulations, issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), are designed to curb pollution by banning ships from using fuel with a sulfur content higher than 0.5%. That's down from the previous limit of 3.5%, which was established in 2012.
Low-sulfur fuel is more expensive than the traditional, sludgy "bunker" fuel, however, so container carriers are looking for green alternatives. Now, Danish shipping giant A.P. Møller - Maersk thinks it may have found a winning mix in an unlikely place—a waste byproduct of pulp and paper mills that is usually burned to produce steam and electricity.
Maersk is exploring the use of LEO, a blend of ethanol, the plant-based gasoline substitute, and lignin, a structural bio-polymer that contributes to the rigidity of plants. The company says that lignin is easy to find; it is isolated in large quantities as a byproduct in paper factories.
To explore LEO's potential as a maritime fuel, Maersk has teamed up with the Norwegian/Swedish shipping company Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics to collaborate with Copenhagen University and major customers including BMW Group, H&M Group, Levi Strauss & Co., and Marks & Spencer.
The resulting LEO Coalition plans to explore the environmental and commercial viability of using the new fuel for containerships. "Shipping requires bespoke low-carbon fuel solutions [that] can make the leap from the laboratory to the global shipping fleet. Initiatives such as the LEO Coalition are an important catalyst in this process," recently departed Maersk Chief Operating Officer Søren Toft said in a release.
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MODEL 1861 During a thunderstorm, a sentry's musket was struck by lightning which left it just as you see it. Despite the intense heat caused by the lightening, a regulation Civil War paper cartridge was found intact in the breech when the weapon was disassembled for cataloging and preservation. The identity of the sentry, who survived, is not known. It is believed that he was a Confederate since, while the rifle is a Springfield contract arm, the bayonet is apparently of Confederate manufacture.
MODEL 1861 The barrel of this weapon, found on a Civil War battlefield, has been struck by a large projectile.
BRITISH RIFLE-MUSKET MODEL 1853 (P53) ENFIELD During the Civil War, the stock of this British Enfield became impregnated with salt from perspiration. After the war the soldier took the gun home and stored it in his barn. The gnawed stock is the result of a porcupine attempting to chew out the salt.
Last updated: February 26, 2015
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https://www.nps.gov/spar/learn/historyculture/mishaps.htm
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|
en
| 0.970612 | 216 | 2.6875 | 3 |
9.75 x 3 x 8 inches
Probably from Egypt 200-500 CE
Picker Art Gallery
Colgate University, Hamilton, NY
Fish are not present on any of the other works in the Mayer collection of Late Antique Egyptian reliefs, causing one to wonder if this piece may have come from a different site from any of the others. This relief stands out from the others in its iconography, while style, shape, and form seem consistent with the rest of the group. It is worth noting that fish were traditionally symbolic of the Christian faith, and this relief’s unique nature among the others in the Mayer collection may suggest the possibility that it could have come from the tomb of a Christian. Another possibility is that one or both of the fish could be sturgeon. Roger Khawam (the dealer who sold three of our reliefs to Mayer in 1961) noted that sturgeon were worshipped at Oxyrhynchus during this time.
On the bottom of the relief, there is a border with dentals running across. This border is not, however, present on the top of the relief. It is impossible to know if the top border was destroyed or if it never existed at all. This lack of top border may indicate that the relief ran around the ceiling of a temple or tomb in which it would have been viewed from below. However, one cannot be certain if this was the case.
Interestingly, the eyes of the two fish differ in size and shape. The eye of the fish on the right is slightly larger and less round than that of the fish on the left. This indicates that they may not have been made with the same tool. The running drill that probably created some of the holes in the other reliefs in the collection was not used here; the pupils of the fish are much shallower than are the pupils of animals in other reliefs whose eyes seem to have been carved using such a drill.
The tail of the fish on the left has been damaged; its end is missing entirely. White marks indicating damage are present on this fish’s tail and on the head and pelvic fin of the fish on the right. This white surface abrasion is present on many parts of the relief, but mostly along the lower border. The top left corner seems to be most damaged: a portion of the stone appears to be missing.
Eliza Graham '14 is an Art History major and French minor at Colgate University.
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<urn:uuid:b51eaabb-391d-416d-b6bb-e13595f0a554>
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CC-MAIN-2016-40
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https://sites.google.com/a/colgate.edu/late-antique-egypt/1982-55-description
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|
en
| 0.971602 | 504 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Common Cuttlefish (Sepia)
The Common Cuttlefish, also called Sepia officinalis, has eight short and two long prehensile tentacles for catching its prey.
They live over sandy and muddy ground in the North Sea and Mediterranean Sea and eat mussels, crustaceans and small fish.
Cuttlefish possess an internal shell called cuttlebone, which can be found at the beach occasionally!
Things to Do
- Try to spot all the Cuttlefish in their tank!
- Learn more about Cuttlefish, Octopus & Co.
- Count the Cuttlefish tentacles – will you see all ten?
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<urn:uuid:03985992-c683-475c-9450-00d8e17aafa2>
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CC-MAIN-2016-07
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https://www.visitsealife.com/speyer/en/explore-our-creatures/common-cuttlefish/
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|
en
| 0.925306 | 134 | 3.453125 | 3 |
For the first time, MIT researchers have found a way to measure the mass of single cells with high accuracy.
The new technique, which is based on a micromechanical detector, could allow researchers to develop inexpensive, portable diagnostic devices and might also offer a unique glimpse into how cells change as they undergo cell division.
Unlike conventional methods, the MIT technique allows cells to remain in fluid while they are being measured, opening up a new realm of possible applications, says Scott Manalis, senior author of a paper on the work that will appear in the April 26 issue of Nature.
In addition to weighing cells, the technology can be used to "weigh nanoparticles or sub-monolayers of biomolecules with a resolution in solution that is six orders of magnitude more sensitive than commercial mass sensor methods. One direction we're pursuing is mass-based flow cytometry, a way to weigh and count specific cells," said Manalis, an associate professor in MIT's Departments of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering.
Current mass-measurement methods achieve a resolution down to a zeptogram (10-21 grams) but only work with non-living things because the procedure must be performed inside a vacuum. So, the MIT researchers decided to turn the conventional system inside out.
In the traditional method, the molecules to be weighed are placed on top of a tiny slab, or cantilever, made of silicon. The slab vibrates at its resonant frequency (the frequency at which the material naturally tends to vibrate) inside a vacuum. When a molecule sits on the slab, the frequency changes slightly, and the mass of the molecule can be calculated by measuring that change.
This measurement must be performed in a vacuum to prevent air (or fluid) from interfering with the frequency of oscillation. However, cells cannot survive in a vacuum, so they must be measured in fluid, which diminishes the accuracy of the measurement.
The researchers solved this dilemma by placing the fluid containing the sample inside the silicon slab, which still oscillates within a vacuum surrounding it. The biological sample is pumped through a microchannel that runs across the slab, without impairing its ability to vibrate.
"The resonator is sealed in a tiny vacuum cavity inside the chip, so there is virtually no resistance to the vibration," said co-lead author Thomas Burg, a research associate in biological engineering. "This lets us measure a mass change, say 10 parts in a billion, of the already very light microcantilever."
So far, the researchers have weighed particles with a resolution down to slightly below a femtogram (10-15 grams), but Manalis believes that with refinements, the sensitivity could potentially be lowered by several orders of magnitude within a few years. "Every step along the way will open up new possibilities," he said.
The researchers can also measure the mass density of particles or cells "by varying the density of the surrounding solution," said Michel Godin, co-lead author and postdoctoral associate in biological engineering.
The research team is already looking into several applications for the new technique.
One area of great promise is creating a device that would mimic the cell-counting capabilities of flow cytometers, which are often used to monitor CD4 cell numbers in AIDS patients. By counting CD4 cells, a type of immune cell, doctors can tell how far a patient's AIDS has progressed. However, flow cytometry devices, which work by bouncing light off a flowing stream of cells, are too large and expensive to be useful in developing countries where many AIDS patients live.
A tiny chip that could count cells using the new MIT weighing method would be a "cheap and robust" alternative to commercially available flow cytometers, which typically cost more than $20,000, Manalis said.
"Since the device is batch-fabricated by conventional semiconductor processing techniques, it could potentially be used in a disposable format," he said.
William Rodriguez, an AIDS researcher at Massachusetts General Hospital who is familiar with Manalis' research, said the new technology could have a tremendous impact on AIDS testing in rural areas of Africa and elsewhere.
"Simply put, a cheap, simple CD4 counting device that can be used by a community health worker … would be a breakthrough advance in global health," according to Rodriguez.
Manalis is also planning a collaboration with MIT associate professor of biology Angelika Amon, who is interested in studying how the mass density of a single cell changes as it goes through cell division. Using the new method, scientists can ultimately trap a single cell and observe it over a long period of time. Changes in mass could correlate to production of proteins, offering a new way to study what the cell does during division, Manalis said.
Another application of the new technology is to measure small particles, or beads. It's important to know the size of particles used in paint, drug-delivery devices, coatings and nanocomposite materials, said Manalis, who added that the new technology could become the "gold standard" way to measure these particles one by one.
Other authors on the Nature paper are Scott Knudsen, MIT postdoctoral associate in biological engineering; Wenjiang Shen, Greg Carlson and John S. Foster of Innovative Micro Technology in Santa Barbara, Calif.; and Ken Babcock of Innovative Micro Technology and Affinity Biosensors in Santa Barbara.
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health Cell Decision Process Center, the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies from the U.S. Army Research Office, the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research, the National Science Foundation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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<urn:uuid:c2472cb1-96e0-4d5f-a816-e1acf81a999f>
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CC-MAIN-2020-29
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http://news.mit.edu/2007/nanoparticles
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|
en
| 0.949933 | 1,169 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Introducing NASA's New Spaceship
NASA's new spaceship is the key to making the Vision for Space
Exploration a reality. The Vision, announced by President Bush
in January 2004, will extend humanity's presence across the solar
system, starting with a return to the moon by the end of the next
decade, followed by journeys to Mars and beyond.
Building on the best of Apollo and shuttle technology, NASA's
21st century exploration system will be affordable, reliable,
versatile and safe. The centerpiece of this system is a new craft
designed to carry four astronauts to and from the moon, support
up to six crew members on future missions to Mars, and deliver
crew and cargo to the international space station.
Mockup Provides Early Glimpse of New Exploration Vehicle
As NASA's next generation spacecraft matures, engineers will document
its design with today's electronic equivalent to the blueprint.
But diagrams, three-dimensional or not, only go so far in helping
engineers understand what layouts best suit the job at hand and
the humans involved.
That's why Johnson Space Center in Houston has started building
a full-sized mockup of the new craft's cockpit in its Space Vehicle
The new spaceship -- known as the Crew Exploration Vehicle --
is the key to making NASA's Vision for Space Exploration a reality.
A quick glance at the mockup reveals the resemblance to the original
Apollo crew capsule. But the new capsule will be three times larger
and is designed to carry four astronauts to and from the Moon,
support up to six crew members on future missions to Mars and
deliver crew and supplies to the International Space Station.
Inside, the mockup remains largely unfinished. A temporary floor
foreshadows the location for launch and entry seating, and a large
hatch dominates the top of the cone. The hatch is wide enough
for a human to pass through easily and will be the point where
the crew capsule will dock with a lunar lander for the first trip
back to the Moon, currently targeted for 2018.
The mockup represents the first leg of a three-step design philosophy.
In stage one, design teams discuss various theories over how best
to utilize cockpit space and commit their ideas to paper. Then
engineers use computer design programs to produce working 3-D
models of the crew’s space. While work continues on these stages,
team members simultaneously use the mockup to experiment with
physical relationships in a real-world environment.
"You discover new things during each stage of the design process,"
said Jeff Fox, lead cockpit engineer on the spacecraft. "But your
brain needs the input of physically standing inside the real volume
of the interior space to get a true feeling of what should be
the right layout."
Workers are making changes to ensure the current model matches
the inner measurements of the most recent design. Once that's
finished, the team will start working on how to arrange seats
and where to put the spacecraft's controls.
The team is already working on plans to arrange cockpit seating
in three-, four- and six-person configurations. In the early phases,
simple foam-core boxes will serve as substitutes for real-world
hardware such as computers and cargo.
The stand-ins will gradually give way to more accurate versions
of the real thing, helping the designers visualize what the computers
can't show. As Fox puts it, "there’s just no substitute for reality."
|
<urn:uuid:28f12c76-6628-4ed3-b0ab-c7233ba1743f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-22
|
http://www.homesickforspace.com/space-shuttle.asp
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463613738.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170530011338-20170530031338-00232.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901026 | 731 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Science Club trip to OrganicLea in Chingford.
The science club had an interesting afternoon on July 13th, where they learnt many important facts about biodiversity and substainabily.
Some information from the company:
The freshest, tastiest, sustainably grown fruit and veg – from £5 per week. In your budget and in your neighbourhood!
Our scheme is incredibly local – much of the produce comes from Organiclea’s growing site in Chingford. Regularly, we are supplied by our “Cropshare” scheme of local gardeners and allotment holders who supply their surplus – from lettuces picked that morning from an allotment in Leyton, or plums from a Walthamstow garden. And the rest? It comes directly from small-scale organic farmers in East Anglia, Kent and their cooperative partners in Europe: and we tell you every week the exact origin of your produce.
The majority of produce is harvested and packed into your bags within 24 hours, we find this improves flavour and that produce stays fresh longer.
Science Fair at Chingford Foundation
On Monday July 3rd our y5 children visited a science fair at Chingford Foundation. Their y9 and sixth form ambassadors shared lots of scientific knowledge on electricity, human body and looked at finger prints, bones how the heart works. They all had a lot of fun while they were learning so much.
On Friday 20th May, the children took part in our annual Science Challenge Day. We began the day with an exciting assembly, where science boffins Angela and Tanya demonstrated some clever science experiments. The school also received a very special visit from the Mayor of Waltham Forest. Throughout the day all the children took part in lots of different workshops including making slime, ice cream and building spaghetti and marshmallow towers! A fantastic day was had by all! We can’t wait until Science Day 2017!
“It was the best day ever!” Year 2 Pupil
“I really enjoyed making the rockets!” Year 3 Pupil
“My favourite bit was making the slime!” Year 5 Pupil
“I would like to be a scientist!” Year 4 Pupil
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<urn:uuid:0dd8cb68-08eb-4c67-9460-78cece9d6bb9>
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CC-MAIN-2019-18
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http://www.parksideprimaryschool.org/science/
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|
en
| 0.962414 | 470 | 2.609375 | 3 |
COLUMN: Native Americans can take pride that Tennis icon Billie Jean King, a Cherokee, and Ted Kennedy, descendant of an honorary Iroquois Chief, did wonders to create equal opportunities for girls/women in sports and education in America and abroad. By enforcing the 1972 Title 1X Education Amendments Act, they actually helped restore those equitable traditional ways of the First Americans, which were interrupted in the last 150 years.
We all have Indigenous ancestors. And according to a tapestry of ancient oral traditions, “Native American moms, and other Indigenous females, have been “sports role models for their children since Pre-Atlantean times.” It was part of their balanced body, mind and spirit tribal family philosophy.
NATIVE WOMEN WOOPED GENERAL CUSTER
Sports also got American Indian women in shape to defend themselves, like whooping General Custer, who first attacked them and their children as easy marks, before limping on to the fateful Little Big Horn field, revealed forensic scientists. Sports and education also gave tribal women powers to heal and preserve what is good: Polly Cooper (Oneida) is honored in a sculpture at DC’s Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian with General Washingtion for saving his troops from freezing and starving to death at Valley Forge. Mariah Cooper, one of our XC Native American Olympic Hopefuls, is a direct descendant.
In education, Iroquois Clan mothers have for centuries been teaching, training, choosing, and if necessary removing their chiefs, which resulted in earth’s shining model of egalitarian democracy. They are revered by their resulting well-balanced men for this. Ben Franklin copied parts of their democratic formula, but since mainstream women were left out of it, the Seneca Clan mothers graciously adopted Susan B. Anthony and others, who became the Suffragettes.
The legal team of the WomenSports Foundation, founded by Billie Jean, with Olympic Gold medal swimmer Donna De Varona as President, pricelessly helped restore those tools of dignified humane equality by providing the legal muscle behind Title 1X enforcement. Since the mid 70’s, it has benefited girls in all federally funded schools, including reservations. Plus Donna got the critical message out as a pioneer ABC Sports commentator.
HONORARY CHIEF LORD EDWARD FITZGERALD
I learned about the Kennedy tribal connection as a result of being a guest of author Lord Moyne Guinness, after Athens in 2002, thanks to his late wife Shoe, who wanted him to collaborate with our foundation on a “Healing of the Continents” in Dublin, starting with Native Americans, whom they love for also saving them in potato famine. His niece, Marina Guinness, a history buff, amazed me first by sharing that “our family is the most ancient DNA tribe of Ireland, the Pre-Celtic Milesians, and our name means God of Love.”
Thanks to getting to know the Kennedy kids who summered down the road from her, she then shared their 18th Century tribal ties, in giving me the book, Citizen Lord: The Life of Edward Fitzgerald, Irish Revolutionary by Stella Tillyard. It told how this charming witty man of the people was made an honorary chief by the Iroquois for his many good deeds. That would make Ted’s mom, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and her tribe, Chief Fitzgerald’s descendants.
“Seems that these traits, also a forte of our tribes, run in the Fitzgerald/Kennedy genes,” I told Marina, after mentioning Ted’s Title 1X leadership. Plus how he was inspired by the sporty women in his family, especially sister Eunice, founder of the Special Olympics.
Not realizing this tribal connection, environmentalist Bobby Kennedy Sr. had coincidentally said after visiting Wounded knee, “I wish I was born a Native American.” His son Bobby Jr, then became a tribal supporter and the greatest guardian, next to the 500+ Indian Nations, of America’s waterways through his “RiverKeepers” network. The Iroquois prophesy warns humanity that our sacred water could one day be priceless.
Also unaware, JFK wrote an introduction to Terry White’s The American Indian, which brought me to tears since we could also have prevented our eco crisis if, like the moon landing, we also focused on this final sentiment:
“Before we can set out on the road to success, we have to know where we are going, and before we can know that we must determine where we have been in the past. It seems a basic requirement to study the history of the Indian people America has much to learn about the heritage of our American Indians. And only through this study can we as a nation do what must be done if our treatment of the American Indian is not to be marked down for all time as a national disgrace.”
My Olympic mother Stevia, who told me I could do anything I put my mind to, introduced me to JFK at his Rutland, Vermont campaign ralley, as “Our next President.”
HAIL TO PE TEACHERS OF AMERICA
Speaking of vital education, I also honor the PE Teachers of America, headed by Carol Oglesby for asking me to lead the Title 1X March in DC, out of concern that girls/women still having 1% of the total athletic budgets three years after Title 1X became law in 1972. That 1% translated into my not being able to get a ski scholarship in 1964 at Denver University, and needing to hitchhike 30 miles to get the on-snow training promised me there, because I couldn’t pass the “male equipment” physical for NCAA Insurance. So I happily took the Title !X torch.
So in 1975, mom joined me in marching, along with over a hundred others with high hopes, down Pennsylvania Avenue. The televised march gave me the chutzpah to call Vice President Mondale, a jock, who seemed glad to set up the White House meeting for Billie, Donna, Carol and their lawyers to finally get the law enforced.
SENATOR BIRCH BAYH AND GEORGE BUSH SR.
God also bless Senator Birch Bayh, author of the visionary Title 1X, (as well as the Equal Rights Amendment Bills, and President and First Lady Obama for finally getting Equal Pay for Equal Work passed in 2009.) Bayh had wisely suggested that I also get his fellow skier, Ted Kennedy, chairman of the Senate Health Committee, behind it. Totally agreeing that, “The right to sport is the right to health, and girls/moms are key to getting the whole family healthy,” Kennedy heroicly put Title 1X under his wing for 35 years, ensuring it survived two attacks by the Supreme Court.
While serving on President Regan’s and then George Bush’s Fitness Councils, I cleared up some misinformation that Bush was harboring about Title 1X, and he surprisingly apologized, and went to bat for women. Together this visionary tribe has since the mid 70’s saved Americans over a trillion in healthcare and welfare, given the Surgeon General found that sports delay teen pregnancy.
Our Dream Team has been empowering generations of stunning girls/women/moms, who also get their kids, like Michael Phelps, to the Olympics. Today’s girls need to know how we fought for them, and they need to tell their daughters to keep enlightening and pushing their leaders, ideally while sharing bonding sports. Ted and a few other Kennedy’s I raced against at their family reunions in Aspen could have been Olympic contenders, proven by Ted Jr, a Paralympic record holder! Thank God most chose to heroically serve humanity. That is why Senator Ted’s honoring my Title 1X service during his ‘Kennedy kids only’ luncheon in the mid 80’s, was higher than an Olympic high.
MUST KEEP ON PUSHING
With women having a total of 1/3 of the total athletic budgets – programs and scholarships – which mainly (74%) goes toward handfulls of male football and basetball players, females need to keep pushing. So say women leaders of Sweden, of my heritage, who enjoy the most equality in sports and education, resulting in Earth’s most advanced, peaceful, society, which gives out Nobel Prizes.
MAKING JFK, BOBBY, TEDDY, SHOE AND TRIBAL ANCESTORS SMILE
Given that the first 100 U.S. women in business and politics, like Gloria Steinem, were tomboys athletes/dancers in their youth, a more equitable distribution of athletic funds to minor sports would further cut billions in America’s healthcare costs by giving millions of more boys and girls opportunities in minor sports. Plus it could empower them, like the Kennedy’s, to better protect Nature’s magnificent playgrounds and our way of life.
With only one Native American woman ever in the Modern Olympics, assisting underserved Native youth, especially girls, go for their Olympic Dreams, could do the most to restore their vibrant health, spirit and productivity. It could prevent their health epidemics, like obesity and diabetes, which are twice those of any other race, so they could better show us how to live in more harmony with Nature. Billie Jean wants to give clinics.
By going back to green, all natural “Earth, Human and Snow Friendly”products,” everyone can make a huge difference in preserving our Nature Kingdoms (life supports) and weather. That is what the North American Elders advised our National Forest Service leaders, who are supposed to be America’s Guardians of Nature, corroborated by California scientists.
These solutions are good ways to show appreciation to the tribes for their immense gifts, which mainstream Americans, led by the skiers and ski areas thanks to their snowdances, are beginning to remember. In so doing future generations may continue to make every day, “A good day to live.” (coined by a Cherokee woman Chief). Wouldn’t that make JFK, Bobby, Ted, Shoe and the Tribal Ancestors smile?
The Native American Olympic Team Foundation (NAOTF) is a cross-cultural 501(c)3, whose mission is to “create joyful unity through sports and education, to help heal Mother Earth for all our children, including through the Olympics.”
More info on: www.naotf.org or www.snow-riders.org or contact: [email protected].
Photo Caption (first photo above): Olympian Suzy “Chapstick” Chaffee, learning from Dublin’s Marina Guinness that their Kennedy friends, are related to an honorary Iroquois Chief, after meeting with Lord Moyne Guinness, as a dying wish by his wife. Photo courtesy Guiness Family.
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<urn:uuid:66a4bf56-ee35-43b5-bb35-add02b5f3d7e>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-43
|
https://enewschannels.com/hail-billie-jean-king-and-ted-kennedy-native-american-contributors-to-title-1x/
|
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|
en
| 0.964027 | 2,290 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Bookcases are often manufactured in modules. They have a standard height, and range from between about 24 inches to 48 inches in width. These types of units can be used as single or combined bookcases. Typically built from 3/4-inch plywood, they can be joined together at the top to create a solid freestanding unit.
Pry off any moldings on the sides of the bookcases at the top where they are to join together. Insert the tip of a putty knife behind the molding and pry it loose. If it won't come off, use a chisel to pry it off. If the top of the bookcase has a sharp 45-degree knob where two pieces of molding were joined, trim it off flush with a coping saw.
Stand both bookcases in place where they are to be used.
Place a level on top of the bookcases spanning across both of them.
Tap wedges under the bottoms of either bookcase as needed to level the tops of the bookcases together. This type of bookcase typically has a toe-kick, which is a 3-by-3-inch notch cut from the bottom of the bookcase for your toes to fit under when you are standing in front of the bookcase. Use a hammer to tap the wedges under the back of the toe-kick, which is recessed 3 inches from the front edge. If the bookcases do not have a toe-kick, tap the wedges under the front edge of the bookcase, 3/4-inch from the point where they are touching.
Tap wedges under the bookcase on the left if it is shorter. Tap wedges under the bookcase on the right if it is shorter. Tap and then check the level until it indicates that the bookcases are level with each other.
Place three C-clamps spanning across both bookcases evenly spaced vertically from top to bottom. One side of the clamps will fit in one bookcase, and the other side will fit into the other bookcase. Tighten the clamps securely to bond the two bookcases together.
Reach into one bookcase with a cordless drill equipped with a 5/32-inch drill bit. Drill four holes evenly spaced vertically 3/4 inches from the back edge, and four holes evenly spaced vertically 3/4 inch from the front edge.
Place 1 1/2-inch screws in the holes. Drive the screws in using the cordless gun to secure the two tops together tightly. Remove the clamps.
Remove the clamps.
Things You Will Need
- Stud finder
- Putty knife
- Coping saw
- 48-inch level
- Wooden wedges
- Cordless drill
- 5/32-inch drill bit
- 1 1/2-inch screws
- 3-inch screws
- If the wedges stick out on the bottom after the two bookcase tops are joined, use a sharp chisel to cut them off.
- Always wear safety glasses when working with wood.
- Barry Austin Photography/Stockbyte/Getty Images
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<urn:uuid:154e5fa6-6e9a-41f5-a928-2e45d4e0d4c7>
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CC-MAIN-2016-50
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http://homeguides.sfgate.com/join-bookcase-tops-37974.html
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|
en
| 0.930997 | 643 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In 2008, an estimated 83,000 people were living with HIV in the UK.
2008, approximately 950,000 HIV tests were carried out in sexual health clinics.
The global number of HIV/AIDS cases is 33.3 million
15.9 million are women and 2.5 are children.
Almost 2 million people die from the disease every year.
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<urn:uuid:d4c2d203-8cdf-4853-8dc2-717c667fd057>
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CC-MAIN-2017-22
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http://13zg13.blogspot.com/2010/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608067.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525121448-20170525141448-00245.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98015 | 74 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Biggles Sees It Through
|Published||Aug-41 - Oxford University Press [H/B]|
Oxford University Press
[view publishing history]
|20 Images Online|
(48 votes cast)
Biggles and the team set out as part of the International Squadron to help the Finns. They stumble upon a dying Pole and become involved in a tussle with German intelligence for his papers on metal alloys for aircraft.
The Air Ministry have allowed Biggles, Algy, Ginger and Smyth to accompany a party of volunteers to help Finland in their struggle against Soviet aggression. Whilst on a reconnaissance flight, Biggles finds a dying Polish scientist called Petolski, who had been working on important experiments with metal alloys for aircraft. He had the results of seven years' labour in a portfolio with him and rather than let the research fall into German hands, (Poland having been invaded by Germany), he has hidden it.
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<urn:uuid:c25adee0-688c-4ab4-ac34-0710776f5a32>
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
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http://www.biggles-online.com/book/biggles-sees-it-through/
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|
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| 0.960994 | 200 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Have you ever seen the orange and yellow contraptions that lift workers up into the air? You will see them on construction sites, shopping malls, airports, etc. As an engineer, my job is to assist in the design of the hydraulic systems that make these machines work. The hydraulic systems include the pumps and motors that make the machine self propel, the valves to give the wheels a “limited slip” action for better traction, the valves to lift the people up into the air and position them in the right location to do their intended work, and, perhaps most importantly, the valves that make sure they stay in that position and don’t drop someone 150′ to the ground! The designs are extremely detailed, as you can imagine, and include the many other parts like hoses, fitting sizes, electrical wiring, etc. By any definition of the process, the design is “complete.” Or is it???
For years, many years, you have been hearing that the DNA code includes “complete” instructions to build the human body. AND, for years, I have been saying, “That’s nonsense!” The micro-biologists have been boasting, “The DNA code is miles long and contains an enormous amount of data!” BUT, the human nervous system is also miles long, and has an enormous number of nerve endings! (Never mind all the other types of cells.) AND, it won’t do any good to have perfectly good retina cells in your toenails! When a micro-biologist would be questioned about this claim, the response would be, “Oh, the information is all there. This is the only place this information can be.” This response has always been the categorical response, without question! (Scientists do acknowledge other code in the body, such as when to turn a gene on and off, but no other code to define the cell.)
Well – my hydraulic designs are far from complete, too! No where in my design do I tell the fabricator, what size wrench to use, where the wrench is located, which way to turn it, what size he will need, etc. etc. etc. In fact, when you truly evaluate the entire process, you would find that it takes a pretty sharp fabricator to assemble this machine. In fact, if you look deeper into the fabrication process, what kind of rubber is used in the hoses? What alloy of metals are used in the pumps, motors, and valves? This is all information that their respective manufacturers must possess. These are purchased parts. My design doesn’t include any of that information!
Such is the case with the DNA molecule. Undoubtedly, you have been hearing about this DNA “mapping process” that has been occurring recently. This process is practically complete, and guess what? The DNA code has now been down-graded from a complete instruction book to a “complete parts list, at best”!!! There are only about 30,000 genes in the DNA. That’s roughly equivalent to the number of parts we have. “Complete” instructions require information to get these parts in the correct locations and get them integrated into the rest of the system! Simply put, “It’s going to take a pretty sharp fabricator to use this limited parts list!”
I have two points to make:
- Insisting that a theory is fact, doesn’t make it such! And,
- Rest assured! God didn’t just make Adam and Eve! He made you, too! And, He keeps your body ticking each and every second of the day!
Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. Ps 139:16
Jay A Auxt
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Student exclusions from school in Massachusetts: Are students treated equally?
The 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act required states to adopt zero-tolerance legislation mandating a one-year expulsion from school of students who bring guns to school. The law in Massachusetts contains no requirement for alternative education for expelled students. Consequently, students expelled under this law are not usually provided with alternative education. Massachusetts law also includes weapons other than guns, drug use, and assaults on staff members. ^ Research into school discipline indicates that students who receive punitive discipline are significantly more likely to drop out of school. This research also indicates that students from racial minorities are significantly more likely to receive punitive discipline than white students. Further, this research suggests that schools that use punitive discipline have more incidents of disruptive behavior than schools that use rehabilitative discipline. In addition, special education students are largely exempt from the provisions of these laws. Existing research does not appear to support the use of expulsion. ^ This study used the ex post facto, causal-comparative method. The basic research design was a quasi-experimental, single group time, series design. ^ Using data from annual reports of student exclusions from the Massachusetts Department of Education, this study investigated the effect of the student expulsion laws in terms of the number of students expelled, the proportion of non-white and special education students expelled, and the proportion of expelled students provided with alternative education. The data was analyzed using standard statistical techniques of correlation, regression, and chi-square analysis. ^ The results of the study found no significant relationship between the number of students excluded from school and the Massachusetts zero-tolerance expulsion law. Regular education students were significantly underrepresented in the population of excluded students receiving alternative education. Nonwhite students, specifically Black and Hispanic students, were significantly overrepresented in the population of excluded students. Special education students were significantly overrepresented in the population of excluded students. ^ The results of this research are being used to inform public policy makers of the negative consequences of zero-tolerance legislation. The results of this study are also being used to support legislation mandating alternative education for students who are expelled from school in Massachusetts. ^
Law|Education, Administration|Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies
Lawrence Wesley Gray,
"Student exclusions from school in Massachusetts: Are students treated equally?"
(January 1, 2000).
Dissertation & Theses Collection.
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Today's Highlight in History:
On July 28, 1943, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the end of coffee rationing, which had limited people to one pound of coffee every five weeks since it began in November 1942.
On this date:
In 1540, King Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, was executed, the same day Henry married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.
In 1794, Maximilien Robespierre, a leading figure of the French Revolution, was sent to the guillotine.
In 1821, Peru declared its independence from Spain.
In 1914, World War I began as Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
In 1928, the Summer Olympic games opened in Amsterdam.
In 1932, federal troops forcibly dispersed the so-called "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans who had gathered in Washington to demand payments they weren't scheduled to receive until 1945.
In 1945, a U.S. Army bomber crashed into the 79th floor of New York's Empire State Building, killing 14 people. The U.S. Senate ratified the United Nations Charter by a vote of 89-2.
In 1959, in preparation for statehood, Hawaiians voted to send the first Chinese-American, Republican Hiram L. Fong, to the U.S. Senate and the first Japanese-American, Democrat Daniel K. Inouye, to the U.S. House of Representatives.
In 1973, the Summer Jam at Watkins Glen took place in upstate New York.
In 1976, an earthquake devastated northern China, killing at least 242,000 people, according to an official estimate.
In 1990, political newcomer and upset winner Alberto Fujimori was sworn in for his first term as president of Peru.
In 2002, nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset, Pa., were rescued after 77 hours underground.
Ten years ago: Rebels in Liberia captured Buchanan, the country's second-largest city.
Five years ago: President George W. Bush received Pakistan's new prime minister, Yousuf Raza Gilani, at the White House, praising him as a reliable partner in confronting terrorism. Four suicide bombers believed to be women struck a Shiite pilgrimage in Baghdad and a Kurdish protest rally in northern Iraq, killing at least 57 people and wounding nearly 300.
One year ago: Syria's government launched an offensive to retake rebel-held neighborhoods in the nation's commercial hub of Aleppo. At the London Olympics, Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen set the first world record, winning the women's 400-meter individual medley in 4:28.43. Ryan Lochte of the U.S. won the men's 400-meter individual medley in 4:05.18.
Today's Birthdays: Movie director Andrew V. McLaglen is 93. Actor Darryl Hickman is 82. Ballet dancer-choreographer Jacques d'Amboise is 79. Musical conductor Riccardo Muti is 72. Former Senator and NBA Hall of Famer Bill Bradley is 70. "Garfield" creator Jim Davis is 68. Singer Jonathan Edwards is 67. Actress Linda Kelsey is 67. TV producer Dick Ebersol is 66. Actress Sally Struthers is 65. Actress Georgia Engel is 65. Rock musician Simon Kirke (Bad Company) is 64. Rock musician Steve Morse (Deep Purple) is 59. CBS anchorman Scott Pelley is 56. Alt-country-rock musician Marc Perlman is 52. Actor Michael Hayden is 50. Actress Lori Loughlin is 49. Jazz musician-producer Delfeayo Marsalis is 48. Former hockey player turned general manager Garth Snow is 44. Actress Elizabeth Berkley is 41. Singer Afroman is 39. Country musician Todd Anderson (Heartland) is 38. Rock singer Jacoby Shaddix (Papa Roach) is 37. Country singer Carly Goodwin is 32. Actor Dustin Milligan is 28. Actor Nolan Gerard Funk is 27. Rapper Soulja Boy is 23.
Thought for Today: "All youth is bound to be 'misspent'; there is something in its very nature that makes it so, and that is why all men regret it." — Thomas Wolfe, American author (1900-1938).
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|Origin||China (Song Dynasty)|
|Quick description||Tea made from dried chrysanthemum|
|Temperature||100 °C (212 °F)|
|Vietnamese||trà hoa cúc|
|Malay||teh krisantimum, teh kekwa|
|Indonesian||teh krisan (Chi Hua Ching)|
Chrysanthemum tea is a flower-based infusion beverage made from the chrysanthemum flowers of the species Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum indicum, which are most popular throughout East and Southeast Asia.
First cultivated in China as a herb as early as the 1500 BCE, Chrysanthemum became popularized as a tea during the Song Dynasty. In Chinese tradition, once a pot of chrysanthemum tea has been drunk, hot water is typically added again to the flowers in the pot (producing a tea that is slightly less strong); this process is often repeated several times.
To prepare the tea, chrysanthemum flowers (usually dried) are steeped in hot water (usually 90 to 95 degrees Celsius after cooling from a boil) in either a teapot, cup, or glass; often rock sugar or cane sugar is also added. The resulting drink is transparent and ranges from pale to bright yellow in color, with a floral aroma.
|Part of a series on|
Several varieties of chrysanthemum, ranging from white to pale or bright yellow in color, are used for tea. These include:
Of these, the first two are most popular. Some varieties feature a prominent yellow flower head while others do not.
Gukhwacha (국화차; 菊花茶) is made from dried Indian chrysanthemum collected before fully opened.
Although typically prepared at home, chrysanthemum tea is sold in many Asian restaurants (particularly Chinese), and in various Asian grocery stores in and outside Asia in canned or packed form, as either a whole flower or teabag presentation. Juice boxes of chrysanthemum tea may be sold.
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The Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) is a marine (saltwater) cartilaginous fish.
The Leopard Shark is a slender shark with a pattern of black markings and large spots on its back. Its belly is plain and whitish. It has a short, rounded snout (nose). Its eyes are large and oval. It has a downward-curved mouth.
It measures 120-150 centimetres (47-59 inches) in length.
The Leopard Shark is native to the Pacific coast of North America. It prefers bays and estuaries with sandy or muddy bottoms, near reefs. It prefers shallow coastal waters.
It is carnivorous, eating clams, worms, crabs, shrimp, bony fish, and fish eggs.
It is mainly nocturnal, active at night.
It is often seen in schools, swimming close to the sea floor.
The Leopard Shark is aplacental viviparous, meaning that the young hatch inside the female. The female gives birth to 1-37 live young after a pregnancy of 10-12 months.
The average lifespan of the Leopard Shark is about 30 years.
Photographer: Martina Nicolls
Martina Nicolls: SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
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WASHINGTON, June 13, 2013 — Language is a good indicator of what a culture values. The dictionary definition of mothering is “the nurturing of an infant or small child by its mother.” Parenting means “the rearing of children.” Fathering means “a male parent.”
Mothering is highly valued and appreciated in our culture; when people are sick or sad, they want to be mothered. The value of parenting is likewise recognized, as any number of books, blogs, and classes on the topic will attest. Fathering, however, is generally used only to signify the man who supplies genetic material.
If mothers stopped mothering in mass, we would recognize it as an extraordinary problem requiring immediate rectifying. Yet one in three children live in homes without fathers. Rather than trying to aggressively change that statistic, the bulk of our energy is devoted to ameliorating, not reversing, damage.
Like the specific and irreplaceable roles mothers play in their children’s lives, fathering cannot be so easily replaced.
We know that children suffer when fathers are absent. Children in father-absent homes are at greater risk for any number of dangers and social ills. They are almost four times as likely to be poor, engage in criminal activity, be incarcerated, be obese, have lower educational achievement, more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, and are more likely to suffer from abuse.
The presence of fathers is critical in the lives of children.
This casual dismissal of the critical role that father’s play in their children’s lives is dangerous to our entire society. Fathers and the unique role they play are important. Our culture must rethink our understanding of “fathering” from merely being “a male parent” to being the specific role and acts that fathers provide for their children.
Moreover, we should realize that fathering is as important to children as mothering.
One of the obvious benefits of children having both mothers and fathers in their homes is the fact that parenting is hard work, and two people bearing the load is obviously beneficial.
As Dr. David Popenoe, author of Life Without Father, writes, “Childrearing is a demanding, stressful, and often exhausting activity that continues nonstop for at least eighteen years. Two adults can not only support and spell one another; they can help counteract each other’s deficiencies and contribute to each other’s strengths.”
But the presence of another biologically attached adult isn’t the only thing children need. Parents aren’t interchangeable: with two individuals to share the load, any combination will do, or a single person with enough outside assistance. A child needs more than to be parented, she needs to be mothered and fathered.
Dr. Popenoe explains that humans need two factors for social maturity and competence: “communion, or the need to be included, connected and related; and agency, or the drive for independence, individuality, and self-fulfillment.” Or, as has been embroidered on many a decorative pillow, parents give children roots and wings. Science suggests that mothers primarily give children roots and fathers primarily give them wings.
Fathering is different than mothering, and provide for different needs in the lives of their children. Fathers are the first and most important male role models for children. They teach their sons what it means to be men and they teach their daughters how to relate to men. They help their adolescent children navigate the change from living primarily in the sphere of the home to the greater world. Adolescent boys with fathers in their homes are less prone to violence, and adolescent girls with fathers in their homes are at lower risk of teen pregnancy.
Fathers parent differently than mothers. From play to communication to discipline, they offer teach children critical skills that are complementary to those learned from mothers. They encourage competition, risk taking and independence. They are instrumental in the development of empathy and coping skills.
From the beginning of their lives, children are learning and experiencing different things from their fathers. “Even the way fathers hold their babies communicates and teaches the child something.”
When a mother picks up her infant, she tends to wrap the baby up toward her breasts, providing comfort, warmth and security. By contrast, a father may well hold the child at arm’s length and make eye contact, toss her in the air, turn her around so that her back is against his chest, or prop her up to look back over his shoulder.
Each of these “daddy holds” underscores a sense of freedom.” Life Without Father
As a culture, we proclaim that we value children. Indeed, “For the children” is a great slogan to use when seeking to pass legislation or raise funds. But while we may place theoretical importance on children in general, it is individual parents who place value on their own children — who advocate for them, watch over them, and provide for them. Specifically it is the mother and the father of an individual child whose involvement and care is most critical to that child’s well being.
The unique and important role of fathers in the lives of their own children should be celebrated, encouraged and recognized as irreplaceable.
Happy Father’s Day, Dads. We need you now more than ever.
This article is the copyrighted property of the writer and Communities @ WashingtonTimes.com. Written permission must be obtained before reprint in online or print media. REPRINTING TWTC CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION AND/OR PAYMENT IS THEFT AND PUNISHABLE BY LAW.
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Alternative Titles: CEP, circular error probable
Learn about this topic in these articles:
...Guidance/en-route errors, on the other hand, must be corrected by improving the missile’s design—particularly its guidance. Guidance/en-route errors are usually measured by a missile’s circular error of probability (CEP) and bias. CEP uses the mean point of impact of missile test firings, usually taken at maximum range, to calculate the radius of a circle that would take in 50...
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| 0.893569 | 111 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Use multiple learning-style approaches
New research reveals that most students benefit from a combination of learning-style approaches. The more neurological pathways we engage while acquiring information, the better. So try and avoid labeling your child a certain “type” of learner (such as auditory, visual, or tactile/kinisthetic). Instead, teach to the whole brain and engage multiple pathways for learning. To learn more, please link to our recent blog post: Learning Styles: Have We Got It All Wrong?
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The paradigm adopted by behaviourists, according to him is S- R (Stimulus-Response). But the behavioural lists have improved it by making it as S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response). David Easton regards behavioural revolution is an mental tendency on the part of the political scientists to check empirically the political behaviour of persons. Even in international politics, the influence of psychology is seen.
– This strategy helps in predicting future political occasions. It refers to the response of an organism as aroused by some stimulus. It doesn’t contemplate function of the feelings, ideas, prejudices that decide the response of that particular person. Behaviouralism does take into account the position of the feelings, ideas and prejudices. David Easton differentiates between behaviourism and behaviouralism by way of an example.
Before the country was colonized by the British, the inhabitants relied on agricultural production. Helen and Milner , states that underneath the colonial rule Nigeria remained an agricultural nation, exporting agricultural raw materials and importing finished goods from the colonial grasp. In one respect, it is not altogether right to call the Norwegian case research a concept-confirming study. Because the congruence principle has a rather narrow empirical basis, consisting mainly of only two instances (Britain and Germany), it is a speculation rather than a longtime theory. The case study of Norway is, of course, not a speculation-producing research both.
The big or super-powers are concerned in energy politics to determine their power and enhance their picture in international society. The proletarians want to end the exploitation let unfastened by the capitalists.
- Among political scientists, David Easton has been the primary to apply this theory to political analysis.
- Marx’s principle of base and superstructure is a matter of relationship between economics and politics.
- Possibly, Marx is the only philosopher who has vehemently argued the connection between the 2 important topics of social science.
- The curiosity group approach to the research of politics is in style in some liberal democratic countries and this conception is said with economic method.
- In the last decade of sixties, the techniques theory grew to become an important tool to judge and examine key elements in Political Science.
Therefore the country can be better placed if it was left alone. Colonialism and the process of colonization introduced antagonistic results to economic development.
Individuals in any society comply with conflicting needs and this is the path-finder of politics. There are motives, likes and dislikes behind each kind of political exercise. Policy creations and legislations depend on the sociological research. Sociologist’s research on on crime, divorce, juvenile delinquency, situations of slum and urbanisation give inputs to the federal government and legislators.
Perhaps it must be referred to as a “hypothesis-strengthening” case examine or, as Eckstein himself suggests, a “plausibility probe” (oral remark at the IPSA Round Table Conference in Turin, September 1969). Patterns of Democracy , was famous work of Lijphart which was a comprehensive examine of democracies all over the world. This strategy has been criticized for its dependence on strategies and methods and ignoring the subject matter.
Also Nigerians neglect on agriculture manufacturing coursed food shortage. In the past Nigerians produced enough food for home needs however after independence the federal government was unable to provide food domestically and therefore began importing food from foreign countries which was not nutritious sufficient. Among the imports had been palm oil from Malaysia of which Nigeria was the biggest producer and exporter, and rice from United States. Once the most important African poultry producer, Nigeria lost status due to inefficient corn manufacturing and ban on importation of corn. Again it’s now not the most important exporter of peanuts, cocoa and rubber (Guy Peters 262).Several factors added up to issues in agricultural sector.
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Spelling is an aspect of our Pathways Language Arts curriculum. We go through a repeating weekly progression for studying our words. I would like to suggest, that even though I'm not big on official 'homework' spelling is one of the subjects that can be greatly assisted with review a home. Here is our weekly pattern, including what I suggest is done at home. The words are chosen to tie into the reading and writing selections the students are working on each week. Most grade levels have 20 words per week.
In Class - we do something called 'Hide and Seek' - the students will look at the word, and then attempt to write it without looking (Hide). Then, they will check it, themselves (seek), and if it is wrong, they are to write it 3-5 times.
At Home- It would be good to go over the words with your student, and be sure they know how to pronounce the words and check to see if they have a basic understanding of the meaning (this is obviously more of an issue in the upper grades!)
In Class - we do 'Box Words' which is an exercise that encourages the students to pay attention to the shape of the word. We will likely be adding in a Spelling City (computer-based lesson) activity on Tuesday's too, as time allows, for individual students.
At Home -The spelling city program will be available to your student at home.
In Class - Word Sort - this is an activity that encourages the students to look for spelling patterns in the words, and pay attention to differences in those patterns.
At Home - Simple drill, in preparation for the test on Friday
In Class - Pre-test - students will take a practice test with another student. Words that they miss should be practiced 3-5 times each, and should be the focus of any Spelling City work, and any at homework.
At Home - Practice tests (do several if they are missing words find creative ways to drill, and help them remember - such as singing the letters or making a rhythm pattern from them)
In Class - Test
At Home - many families have successfully encouraged their students to do well by providing some sort of small incentive for a score of 80% or more. (this doesn't have to cost a lot - simple things like "I get to choose what is for dinner from two choices Mom gives me" - or "I get to stay up 15 minutes later on Friday night" work quite well)
For those of you who are used to coming here to find the spelling lists, I'm am hoping to set up a 'dashboard' area, that will be accessed with a password, that will have individualized information for your student, including 'late work' and what we are working on in EACH subject - (Note: Due to time constraints, this may not happen until a week or two into the school year - but I am going to work to make it happen, if at all possible). Spelling lists will be accessed there, along with memory verses, and topical indications for other subjects, such as 'Fractions' for Math, and 'Metamorphosis' for Science. It should be set up by late August at the latest. You will want to reset your bookmarks at that point, if that is how you have typically accessed this page.
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December 22, 2013
In mid-December, high above the Great Plains, moist air from the south collides with chill arctic blasts from Canada.
Soon snow covers Minnesota's lakes and forests, sidewalks and streets, school playgrounds and park benches. Temperatures plummet well below zero.
Children watch from classroom windows. Ah, the tragedy of it all. The sledding hill beckons, but for a week or more noon temperatures are well below zero, and the principal calls for "indoor recess."
From the beginning of winter to spring thaw how do teachers capture children's attention and inspire them to learn?
When the air outside is cold, inside young hearts are warmed by practicing compassion and service. Some children make blankets for those who have none.
"I like working with my buddies to help, and bring a smile to someone's face," explains one child.
Other children write letters to housebound senior citizens, and marvel when they receive letters back. "When can we meet them?" boys and girls ask.
Outside the school, snow on benches melts to reveal the words "compassion", "respect", and "service".
When the nights are long and days short, young minds come to see learning in new light.
A social studies teacher explains, " At 211 degrees, water is hot. With one more degree, at 212 degrees, water boils, yielding power in a steam engine or turbine to produce electricity. What does one more degree of effort mean to your success and achievements?"
Outside the school, snow on benches melts to reveal the words "responsibility" and "integrity."
Warmth and light. So much of learning depends on inspiration, effort, and confidence. During the winter, when our world is cold and dark, teachers reach students by nurturing warmth -- and inspiring light -- on the inside.
Dr. Michael Lovett
- The Community Services and Recreation 2013-14 Winter Catalog will be available soon. The current Fall 2013 Catalog is available online. Click here to register for upcoming courses.
- See a fun Holiday Message Student Production that was sent out to all District staff and family members on Friday here.
- Emergency School Closings - For school closings, early dismissals and late starts, call the School Closing Hotline at (651) 407-7540 or watch/listen for information on these media outlets:
- KARE-TV 11
- KMSP-TV 9
- KSTP-TV 5
- WCCO-TV 4
- WCCO-AM 830
- A SchoolMessenger phone message and email will be sent to all parents.
- A message will be posted on the homepage of www.isd624.org.
- Messages will be posted on the District's Facebook and Twitter pages.
- Stay connected! - Sign up for the Community e-Newsletter, sent out twice a month. Join White Bear Lake Area Schools' social media circles - Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.
- Calling all baby models - We're looking for "Born to be a Bear" photos! Email photos to us at [email protected] and you may find your little one featured in District publications! See an example of a "Born to be a Bear" photo here.
Senior Program Updates:
The White Bear Area Senior Center is a program of the White Bear Lake Area Schools Community Services & Recreation Department.
- FREE Activity Pass for Senior Community members (age 65+) - White Bear Lake Area Schools offer a variety of activities - home athletic contests, concerts, and theater productions to name a few. Join us! Call the Superintendent's Office at 651-407-7563 to request a FREE Activity Pass for home athletics events and a 2013-14 District Activities Calendar. The Activities Pass is available to residents of the White Bear Lake Area School District who are age 65 and older.
- Community Resources - The White Bear Lake Area offers many resources for older adults in the community. Click here to view a comprehensive list of programs and services.
In Every Issue:
- BearPower Family Fun Day at the YMCA - Join us for an indoor obstacle course and an afternoon of fun. Dec. 30 from 2-4 p.m. at the White Bear Area YMCA. This event is free for all community members. Click here for more info.
- Green up your holiday plans - Click here for a guide to make your holidays a little more environmentally friendly and energy efficient.
- White Bear Lake Area Educational Foundation - The White Bear Lake Area Educational Foundation, Inc. (WBLAEF) is an independent, non-profit corporation promoting excellence in education in White Bear Lake Area School District 624 schools.
- 2013 Holiday Angels - The Holiday Angels program gives our community an opportunity to share with those in need in our own school district while honoring a school district staff person. Find information about this unique program here.
- Student Activities Scholarship - The Jim Honsa, Sr. Memorial Student Activities Endowment provides access to co-curricular activities for students who may not otherwise have access due to financial need. The scholarship, administered by the White Bear Lake Area Educational Foundation, provides up to $200 per applicant and is available for students in grades 9-12.
- Attention 6th - 12th Grade Teachers - The Eugene & Kathleen Johnson Student Enrichment Scholarship is available for any WBLAS 6th - 12th student who would like to participate in enrichment activities such as writing, speaking, journalism, musical performance, and composition. The purpose of this scholarship is to provide opportunities for students that extend beyond the classroom and encourage higher level thinking skills. If you would like a flier to post in your classroom, please contact Lisa Lindvall and she will send you one! Students will be awarded up to $1,000 per individual, with a total amount of $2,000 in grants to be awarded per year. The application is on line for your students to apply at www.wblaef.org. Completed Grant Applications should be sent to WBLAEF at the District Office, 4855 Bloom Ave. Once the $2,000 amount has been reached for the 2013-2014 school year, I will send a note to teachers through the e-newsletter that we are no longer taking applications.
- Nominations for the 2014 J. Stanley and Doris Hill Legacy Award are now being accepted through the White Bear Lake Area Educational Foundation (WBLAEF), the Century College Foundation (CCF) and the Mahtomedi Area Educational Foundation (MAEF). These three area foundations, in which Stan and Doris Hill were involved, joined forces in 2006 to spread the word about the importance of volunteering within our communities.
In an effort to celebrate the Hills' legacy of volunteerism, the award was created to annually honor an outstanding community volunteer.
If you know of a friend or colleague who has given many years of volunteer service and is extremely committed to the WBL/Mahtomedi area, please consider nominating this individual for the award.
Nomination forms are available through any of the three foundation offices, websites, and board members.
Completed forms are due by Friday, February 21, 2014. For further information, call the WBLAEF office at 651-407-7696 or go online.
- Visit our website - Visit our website to see all of the grants the White Bear Lake Area Educational Foundation has available for teachers:
- The Glasrud Family Fellowship Applications are due February 13, 2014. We hope that having these grant applications available year around on our web site will allow teachers more time to plan & they can fill out their application forms at their own convenience.
- Bleed Orange and Black - Foundation board members also handed out team spirit shirts reading, "Bleed Orange and Black". To find out how to get a team spirit shirt contact the Foundation office at www.wblaef.org.
- Energy Efficiency Program - The Schools for Energy Efficiency® (SEE) is a comprehensive program for K-12 schools to save energy and money by changing behavior throughout the district. Find a December info sheet about water conservation here.
- MacPhail Center for Music - Save $25 on music lessons at MacPhail Center for Music's location at Birch Lake Elementary when you register by December 31. Mention WBLDIST-FALL14. Valid for new students only. Call 612-321-0100 or go to macphail.org, flyer available by clicking here.
Support WBLAS Students:
- Support students by making a 2013 Holiday Angel donation - The Holiday Angels program gives our community an opportunity to share with those in need in our own school district while honoring a school district staff person. Find information about this unique program here.
Awards and Honors
- Best High School Teacher - White Bear Lake Magazine has tallied the votes and found Shannon Anderson (WBLAHS South), Cameron Mahlum (WBLAHS South), and Wendy Suoja (WBLAHS North) are the top three finalists for the Best High School Teacher. Find the complete listing here. Congratulate them at the email links above!
Please contact the Communications Department (651-407-7578) to submit District News, General Information, Opportunities or Awards & Honors for inclusion in future publications.
'Tis the season for giving and our White Bear Lake Area elementary students have completed a variety of service projects in the holiday spirit. Lakeaires fifth-grade classrooms completed an annual service project during the month of November. "The project ties in nicely with what the community does around this time of the year for families who are less fortunate," said teacher Cha Vang.
Fifth-graders baked and delivered cookies to the White Bear Lake Fire and Police Stations, collected and raised money to donate to the Animal Humane Society, volunteered at Second Harvest and Feed My Starving Children, made gifts for residents of an elderly home, and much more! In recognition for their service, students received a certificate that was displayed in the Lakeaires fifth-grade hallway. Vang said that she encourages her students to do random acts of service throughout the year. In fact, this year's project of writing letters to the residents of an assisted living home is expected to continue for the rest of the school year.
Vadnais Heights Elementary Student Council members coordinated a food and toy drive to support families in the community. The students worked with the Vadnais Heights Lions and the Vadnais Heights Food Shelf to ensure that everyone has food for their table and presents for their children this holiday season. Principal Sara Svir said, "the generosity we have observed is incredible." In addition to the items donated, the school received cash donations, which allowed student council representatives to go shopping for items to be added to the collection to ensure that children of all ages received a gift. On Dec. 18, much to the school's surprise, Santa Claus and his elves collected the donated gifts. View the photo album here.
Some of our youngest students are getting into the mix, learning great lessons from their older elementary classmates. Lincoln Elementary kindergarteners participated in the unique Scholastic's Great Bedtime Story Pajama Drive. For the fourth year in a row, kindergarten students and their families collected pajamas for children in need. This year, the school received 56 pairs of pajamas. The Scholastic Corporation will donate each new pair of "jammies" and a new book to a child in need.
On Thursday, Dec. 12, the boys' swimming and diving teams won their first ever conference dual meet by a score of 94.5 to 91.5. They also broke five team records! The 200 Medley Relay of Dan Johnson, Quinn Johnson, Caleb Odmark, and Abe Townley broke the record with a time of 1:49.97. Quinn Johnson broke the 200 Individual Medley record with a time of 2:12.74. Harry Baden broke the six dive record with a score of 222.95. Caleb Odmark broke the 100 Butterfly record with a time of 58.03. Quinn Johnson broke the 100 Breaststroke record with the time of 1:06.56. Coach Jake Mueller said that he can see more records being broken throughout the rest of the year.
Tanner Hinck, the senior captain of the White Bear Lake basketball team, has been honored twice this week - he was named this week's Old Dutch High School Athlete of the Week and he won ESPN 1500 Fan Pick on the ASPIRE Athlete of the Week website contest. Hinck has scored at least 20 points in four of the Bears' six games this season and has shot 47 percent from three-point range. He volunteers with White Bear Lake youth basketball teams, is a member of the National Honor Society and has a grade-point average of 3.9. Congratulations, Tanner!
The road to sports excellence begins with family fitness. Fortunately, White Bear Lake Schools have BearPower, a community-wide movement of helping families eat well and be active. In December, Oneka Elementary had their first BearPower Family Fitness Frenzy. With almost 50 participants, the event was a huge success. Activities included: dancing, last chance workout obstacle course, critter soup running game, and free time ball skills.
"It was exciting to see the wide range of ages all playing together. Fitness should be play - it was so obvious that the Family Fitness Frenzy was fun for all!" said Nancy Krocak, physical education and health teacher at Oneka. Family Fitness Frenzy will be scheduled for the first Friday of every month during the school year at Oneka Elementary. The school also now has a BearPower committee.
Central seventh-graders Sydni Miles and Olivia Schwintek used their creativity and artistic talent to win two local contests. Sydni Miles placed first in the local VFW Patriot's Pen essay contest and then placed third in the district-level contest in early December. She wrote a 400-word essay about "What Patriotism Means to Me." Sydni shared her personal story about losing her cousin Nick Spehar, a Navy SEAL, in Afghanistan in 2011. Not only did she receive two beautiful certificates and a sizable monetary award, but she also attended a lovely dinner with veterans of all ages and their wonderful families.
Olivia Schwintek created the winning poster in the annual White Bear Lake Lion's Club Peace Poster Contest. The theme was "Our World, Our Future." Olivia won the district-level competition and is now entered in the multiple district competition. Winners from that level will be entered into the international contest. Olivia will be recognized for her efforts in Bloomington in January.
In November, students from Central Middle School, gave in two different ways during a community-based instruction event led by Kim LaCasse. First, students and staff showed selflessness by purchasing baby clothes with their own money for an orphanage in Vietnam. Most of the babies at the orphanage have had serious health conditions.
Another way the students practiced giving was by making their purchases at ARC Value Village, where proceeds from sales go to people with developmental disabilities and their families. As an added bonus, students used their math skills by comparison shopping baby clothes at high end, mid range, and inexpensive thrift stores. Additional Central staff, Laurie Hubin, Paula Johnson, Rochelle Scheel and Lori Wills, supported students in this learning activity and donated to the orphanage.
The spirit of giving is just as strong on the southern end of the White Bear Lake Area School District. Sunrise Park Middle School staff, students, and families should also be commended for giving of their time - on a holiday nonetheless - for a good cause. The group exhibited a high level of dedication when they woke up early on Thanksgiving morning to volunteer at the Walk to End Hunger in the Twin Cities.
The fundraiser eventually brought in $300,000 to go to hungry individuals and families in the metro area.
Last week, Delroy Nyren, technology education teacher at WBLAHS - South Campus, finished configuring two new Afinia 3-D printers, giving our high school students the unique opportunity to work hands-on with a cutting-edge piece of technology.
The equipment was purchased thanks to a generous donation from Bob and Michele Hirsch. "3-D printing is the future and I'm hoping that the printer will help students understand the end-to-end engineering process and have fun at the same time," Bob Hirsch explained.
Specific projects have not yet been established, but students involved in Project Lead the Way and robotics classes will be using the 3-D printers on a regular basis. Initially upon introduction, students had many questions about the printers and seemed very intrigued. "It allowed for some great classroom discussion on the impact of technology," said Nyren. Regular use of the printers will begin in January.
The technology department was also able to get additional funding on top of the Hirsch donation so more printers could be purchased for WBLAHS - North Campus and the middle schools. Click here to watch a video of one of WBL's 3-D printers.
The past few weeks have produced a few funny surprises at the high school campuses - both of which were captured on video. First, on December 11, students and staff members at WBLAHS - North Campus coordinated and performed a flash mob dance in honor of Principal Don Bosch's birthday. Click here to watch the video.
At South Campus, chemistry teacher, Cassandra Knutson and her husband hosted their annual liquid nitrogen day for students in the Chemistry Club. During the day, students observe and participate in numerous demonstrations involving liquid nitrogen. This kind of experience is quite rare for high school students, as most high schools do not have access to liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen day ended with a "bang" as the team used the liquid nitrogen to propel 1500 ping pong balls into the air. See the explosive video here!
Boys' basketball team member Tanner Hinck was named this week's Old Dutch High School Athlete of the Week and won ESPN 1500 Fan Pick on the ASPIRE Athlete of the Week website last week. The senior captain of the White Bear Lake basketball team has scored at least 20 points in four of the Bears' six games this season and has shot 47 percent from three-point range. He volunteers with White Bear Lake youth basketball teams, is a member of the National Honor Society and has a grade-point average of 3.9. Cast and crew members of the WBLAHS Fall Musical were honored with a record-breaking number of awards in the Hennepin Theatre Trust's SpotLight Theatre Program. See the press release here.
White Bear Lake Area High School Athletics schedules can be found here.
Please contact the Communications Department (651-407-7695) to submit Student News for inclusion in future publications.
School Board meeting agendas and minutes can be found here.
|January 13||Regular||7 p.m.||District Center|
|January 27||Work-Study||5:30 p.m.||District Center|
|February 10||Regular||7 p.m.||District Center|
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GIBBS FIELD. Gibbs Field, on U.S. Highway 285 a mile northwest of Fort Stockton in central Pecos County, was established by the Central Flying Training Command in the early 1940s for primary flight training and constructed by the Defense Plant Corporation, a federal agency, on 1,200 acres of land at a cost of $800,000. The airfield was named at dedication ceremonies on October 9, 1942, for Maj. David R. Gibbs, who was killed in the Philippines at the beginning of World War II. Until that time it had been called Miller Field for G. William Miller, partner and financial backer of the Pacific Air School, the government contractor responsible for pilot training at the airfield. Commanding officers at Gibbs Field were Maj. Tom J. Cunningham, Capt. Kenneth L. Shadell, and Maj. James Dieterich, Jr. Auxiliary fields were Win-Field and Dyche Field, named for H. L. Winfield and J. Harrison Dyche, both of Fort Stockton. Pilot training at the airfield was conducted in army PT-17 biplanes. Eighteen pilot classes graduated before training ceased in 1944, when Gibbs Field was taken over by the Defense Plant Corporation for storage and repair of government aircraft being prepared for sale. The following year the property was turned over to Pecos County for use as a county airport.
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If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, Glenn Justice, "Gibbs Field," accessed February 25, 2017, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qcg03.
Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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"The Most Colorful
Fluorite is a mineral with a veritable bouquet of brilliant
Fluorite is well known and prized for its glassy luster and rich variety of colors.
The range of common colors for fluorite starting from the hallmark color purple, then blue, green,
yellow, colorless, brown, pink, black and reddish orange is amazing and is only rivaled in color range by quartz.
Intermediate pastels between the previously mentioned colors are also possible.
It is easy to see why fluorite earns the reputation as "The Most Colorful Mineral in the World".
The many colors of fluorite are truly wonderful. The rich purple color is by far fluorite's most famous and popular color. It easily competes with the beautiful purple of amethyst. Often specimens of fluorite and amethyst with similar shades of purple are used in mineral identification classes to illustrate the folly of using color as the sole means to identify minerals.
The blue, green and yellow varieties of fluorite are also deeply colored, popular and attractive. The colorless variety is not as well received as the colored varieties, but their rarity still makes them sought after by collectors. A brown variety found in Ohio and elsewhere has a distinctive iridescence that improves an otherwise poor color for fluorite. The rarer colors of pink, reddish orange (rose) and even black are usually very attractive and in demand.
Most specimens of fluorite have a single color, but a significant percentage of fluorites have multiple colors and the colors are arranged in bands or zones that correspond to the shapes of fluorite's crystals. In other words, the typical habit of fluorite is a cube and the color zones are often in cubic arrangement. The effect is similar to phantomed crystals that appear to have crystals within crystals that are of differing colors. A fluorite crystal could have a clear outer zone allowing a cube of purple fluorite to be seen inside. Sometimes the less common habits such as a colored octahedron are seen inside of a colorless cube. One crystal of fluorite could potentially have four or five different color zones or bands.
To top it all off, fluorite is frequently fluorescent and, like its normal light colors, its fluorescent colors are extremely variable. Typically it fluoresces blue but other fluorescent colors include yellow, green, red, white and purple. Some specimens have the added effect of simultaniously having a different color under longwave UV light from its color under shortwave UV light. And some will even demonstrate phosphorescence in a third color! That's four possible color luminescence in one specimen! If you count the normal light color too. The blue fluorescence has been attributed to the presence of europium ions (Eu +2). Yttrium is the activator for the yellow fluorescence. Green and red fluorescent activation is not exactly pinned down as of yet, but may be due to the elements already mentioned as well as other rare earth metals; also manganese, uranium or a combination of these. Even unbonded fluorine trapped in the structure has been suggested. The word fluorescent was derived from fluorite since specimens of fluorite were some of the first fluorescent specimens ever studied. The naming followed the naming precedence set by opalescence from opal; ergo fluorescence from fluorite.
Another unique luminescent property of fluorite is its thermoluminescence. Thermoluminescence is the ability to glow when heated. Not all fluorites do this, in fact it is quite a rare phenomenon. A variety of fluorite known as "chlorophane" can demonstrate this property very well and will even thermoluminesce while the specimen is held in a person's hand activated by the person's own body heat (of course in a dark room, as it is not bright enough to be seen in daylight). The thermoluminescence is green to blue-green and can be produced on the coils of a heater or electric stove top. Once seen, the glow will fade away and can no longer by seen in the same specimen again. It is a one shot deal. Chlorophane (which means to show green) is found in very limited quantities at Amelia Court House, Virginia; Franklin, New Jersey and the Bluebird Mine, Arizona, USA; Gilgit, Pakistan; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada and at Nerchinsk in the Ural Mountains, Russia.
Fluorite has other qualities besides its great color assortments that make it a popular mineral. It has several different crystal habits that always produce well formed, good, clean crystals. The cube is by far the most recognized habit of fluorite followed by the octahedron which is believed to form at higher temperatures than the cube. Although the cleavage of fluorite can produce an octahedral shape and these cleaved octahedrons are popular in rock shops the world over, the natural (e.g. uncleaved) octahedrons are harder to find.
A rarer habit variety is the twelve sided dodecahedron however it is never seen by itself and usually modifies the cubic crystals by replacing the edges of the cube with one flat face of a dodecahedron. The tetrahexahedron is a twenty four sided habit that is also seen modifying the cubic habit. But instead of one face replacing each cubic edge, two faces modify the cube's edges. Occasionally combinations of a cube, dodecahedron and tetrahexahedron are seen producing an overall cubic crystal with no less that three minor parallel faces replacing each cubic edge. A fifth form is the hexoctahedron which modifies the cube by placing six very minor faces at each corner of the cube. Twinning is also common in fluorite and symmetrical penetration twins, especially from Cumberland England are much sought after by collectors.
Fluorite, as mention above, has octahedral cleavage. This means that it has four identical directions of cleavage and when cleaved in the right ways can produce a perfect octahedral shape. Many thousands of octahedrons are produced from massive or large undesirable crystals of fluorite (hopefully!) and are sold in rock shops and museum gift shops at a small cost. Fluorite mine workers are reported to sit down at lunch breaks and cleave the octahedrons for the extra cash. The octahedrons are very popular due to their attractive colors, clarity, "diamond-shaped" and low costs, but to a serious collector they are nothing more than "cleavage fragments".
Fluorite not only is attractive in its own right but is often associated with other attractive minerals. Fluorite crystals will frequently accompany specimens of silver gray galena, brassy yellow pyrite, chalcopyrite or marcasite, golden barite, black sparkling sphalerite, intricately crystallized calcite and crystal clear quartz, even amethyst.
The origin of the word fluorite comes from the use of fluorite as a flux in steel and aluminum processing. It was originally referred to as fluorospar by miners and is still called that today. Fluorite is also used as a source of fluorine for hydrofluoric acid and fluorinated water. The element fluorine also gets its name from fluorite, fluorines only common mineral. Other uses of fluorite include an uncommon use as a gemstone (low hardness and good cleavage reduce its desirability as a gemstone), ornamental carvings (sometimes misleadingly called Green Quartz) and special optical uses.
Fluorite is the most popular mineral for mineral collectors in the world, second only to quartz. Every mineral collection owned by even the newest and youngest of mineral collectors must have a specimen of fluorite. Fluorite is by far one of the most beautiful and interesting minerals available on the mineral markets.
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Planet Earth is YouWhat we eat matters -- for our health, animals, and the planet.
Did you know that raising animals for food is widely considered by experts to be a leading cause of climate change, pollution and resource depletion? The good news is that one simple way we can each minimize our negative impact on the environment is to leave animals off our plates.
A Warming Planet
“If every American skipped one meal of chicken per week and substituted vegetables and grains … the carbon dioxide savings would be the same as taking more than half a million cars off US roads.” – Environmental Defense Fund
The scientific consensus is clear: the Earth is getting warmer – and it’s got a lot to do with us. According to experts, raising and killing animals for food is a leading, and perhaps even the number one cause of global
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Today, in the world of smartphones, texting, and instant entertainment, it can often become quite difficult for the students in your classroom to remain engaged in learning. Your students need to be absorbed by what’s going on in your classroom, or they will likely find something else that interests them, even if means sitting at their desk daydreaming.
What can you do to keep your students engaged?
First, eliminate the downtime throughout the day. This does not mean your students should not have a break sometimes, but it should not come in the middle of a lesson. Your goal is to keep your students actively listening and thinking throughout the day. Whether you have a self-contained classroom or otherwise, the moment the downtime creeps in, you will begin to lose the interest of your class.
Engaging your students is not difficult, but it may take some planning on your part, but in the end, it will be worth it because your students will remain energized and focused, which will lead to fewer interruptions and disturbances.
Here are some strategies you can use almost immediately to help keep your students engaged in learning:
- Quick Warm-ups: When students walk into your room, or when transitioning from one subject to another, have a 2 to 3-minute warm-up prepared to get students’ brains active. This could be a brain teaser displayed on the board or on a written slip of paper distributed immediately as students walk into the classroom. It should be interesting and grab their attention.
For example, at the start of a reading class, the warm-up may include counting the number of words displayed in the classroom, asking students to name a favorite character from a book, or writing as many words as possible beginning with a letter of the alphabet.
- Pop Oral Quizzes: During a class presentation or discussion, announce a pop quiz, but all answers will be responded to orally. The questions must be related to the current subject matter, and to help get the blood flowing, tell students to stand. Those who know the answer stand on their “right” foot, those who are unsure, stand on their left foot. Do this as often as necessary during a class discussion or presentation.
- Group-Work Summaries: Your students may often work in pairs or in small groups, but sometimes an off-topic discussion takes over and is not relevant to the assignment or project. While students work in groups, announce a “Pause in the Action” and ask a member of each group to quickly share a one or two-sentence summary of their progress.
- Students’ Names in a Bowl: Write the name of each student on a slip of paper and place them in a bowl to be used when students seem to be losing interest. Tell students that you will pick a random name during the class period and either ask him or her a question or to summarize some of the presented content
- Teaching Style Changes: Students know and become quite familiar with your teaching style and the strategies you use. Mix it up sometimes, use different styles and strategies during your lessons. If you normally have a routine, change it, as this is especially important for older students who can become bored quite easily with a predictable routine.
- Move: Do not remain in one place or area while teaching. Moving throughout the classroom helps students remain alert and tuned in to what you are saying. In addition, use eye-contact with students who may seem to be losing interest or becoming disengaged.
- Use Students’ Interests: Nearly every subject or topic can be personalized to the interests of your students. Make it real for them. For example, your students may find learning about verbs and nouns boring. You can easily ask students to share some of their actions from the previous evening or to tell what persons, places, or things they encountered during the week. Just like adults, children like to talk about themselves too.
- End of Class Wrap-Up: At the end of class, ask students to name five important concepts or ideas from the completed lesson. Randomly call on a student for his or her response, and if they are incorrect, use it as a segue to call on a second student. This can be done during the last one or two minutes of class as students prepare to leave the classroom.
It can often be challenging to keep students engaged, but without engagement, students may not only lose interest in the subject but could later become disinterested in attending school.
Finally, there is a myriad of ways to keep students engaged, and many of the lessons from Clarendon Learning can help do that as well with thought-provoking content, activities, practice, ideas, and suggestions.
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Whydah Finches originate in Africa.
One of the more fascinating facts about these birds is that the male will look like a different bird during breeding season than he does during the rest of the year. One change is his tail. It goes from a normal finch type tail to a tail from 12” to 20” in length. The rest of his feathers change also and he will not resemble the brown, sparrow-like bird that he looks like when it is not breeding season. The Pin-Tail Whydah becomes a distinctive black & white, with long black tail feathers and the Paradise Whydah becomes a glossy black bird with a rust coloured breast that fades to white on the lower abdomen.
These birds can not be kept in a small cage and the male must have room to fly & perch where his tail does not drag on the ground or get caught in the cage bars.
The male is quite aggressive during breeding season and they would do best with 1 male, plus a few females in a flight with a few pairs of suitable host birds. They require a host bird because the Whydahs do not raise their own babies. They will lay their eggs in a nest belonging to a Waxbill finch
Because the Whydah chicks are larger than the Waxbill chicks, and beg louder than the Waxbill chicks, the foster parents will feed them and allow their own chicks to die and/or be pushed out of the nest by the Whydah chicks.
If you have enough Waxbill nests going at the same time, you may be successful in removing the Waxbill eggs from the nests with Whydah eggs and adding them to Waxbill nests that only have Waxbill eggs.
If you like the look of this finch, but do not plan on breeding them, you would be better to just have one male in a mixed flight. He will still come in breeding plumage, but because there is no female, he will not be as aggressive and can continue to be kept with the rest of the birds.
You can see a picture of the male Pintail Whydah and one of the male Paradise Whydah by following the links to the Honolulu Zoo Website.
Take the Canary & Finch Quiz to see how much you know about these birds.
Here are a couple of books from Amazon.com and Amazon.ca that you may wish to take a look at.
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| 0.975758 | 496 | 2.78125 | 3 |
|Lismore||Session 3||Session 3|
Explores the diversity of coastal landforms. We examine past and contemporary processes that drive the evolution of coastal landforms, with special consideration given to the ramifications of environmental change for coastal management.
- Beaches; barriers; dunes
- Deltas; estuaries
- Climate and weather
- River systems
Changing coastal zones
Management monitoring and solutions
Unit Learning Outcomes express learning achievement in terms of what a student should know, understand and be able to do on completion of a unit. These outcomes are aligned with the graduate attributes. The unit learning outcomes and graduate attributes are also the basis of evaluating prior learning.
Learning outcomes and graduate attributes
|On completion of this unit, students should be able to:||GA1||GA2||GA3||GA4||GA5||GA6||GA7|
|1||describe the geomorphology of all coastal zones||Intellectual rigour||Knowledge of a discipline||Lifelong learning|
|2||describe the dynamic processes that have shaped the coastal zones||Intellectual rigour||Knowledge of a discipline||Lifelong learning|
|3||illustrate how past sea level events have shaped our coastline and how climate change will potentially affect tomorrow’s coastline||Intellectual rigour||Knowledge of a discipline||Lifelong learning|
|4||indicate scientific techniques used in coastal sciences||Intellectual rigour||Knowledge of a discipline||Lifelong learning|
|5||understand how human activities continue to impact on our coasts.||Intellectual rigour||Knowledge of a discipline||Lifelong learning|
- Prescribed text information is not currently available.
Teaching and assessment
Commonwealth Supported courses
For information regarding Student Contribution Amounts please visit the Student Contribution Amounts.
Commencing 2020 Commonwealth Supported only. Student contribution band: 2
Please check the international course and fee list to determine the relevant fees.
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https://www.scu.edu.au/study-at-scu/units/env10655/
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November 8-12, 2015
Continuous printing processes are attractive for manufacturing electronic devices on flexible substrates and embedding electronically functional materials into polymers. In this presentation, a new method to create flexible electronics based on embedded conductive networks is presented. The route involves creating the electronic architecture in a curable polymer layer on a flexible substrate and then using capillary flow to create the conductive network. In this presentation, the method will be discussed with an emphasis on the role of processing. A key process step is liquid ink flow in channels. Liquid flow in open capillary channels depends on the channel geometry and ink properties, including the drying behavior. The length of travel of a reactive silver ink down an open capillary was measured for a variety of rectangular capillary geometries with widths of ~1 – 100 µm and depths from ~3 – 20 µm1. For a capillary channel of fixed depth, the length of travel of the ink initially increased with the channel width due to a lessening of the flow resistance and then decreased due to a decrease in the capillary pressure driving force and the increased importance of drying, which raises the viscosity and eventually halts flow. To gain a better understanding of these phenomena, scaled up channels with dimensions in the 50 – 250 µm range were created and a long working distance microscope was used to track the velocity of the liquid flowing in the capillary. For non-evaporating liquids (e.g., glycerol), channels with height-to-width ratios close to 1 gave the highest rates of liquid flow. Using polyvinyl alcohol – water solution as a model system2, experiments are underway to determine the influence of concurrent drying on liquid front velocity and extent of travel. The goal of this study is to not only explore the relative importance of drying compared to capillarity, but also to uncover key parameters for ink and capillary design so that the extent of ink travel can be engineered.
1A. Mahajan, W. J. Hyun, S.B. Walker, J. A. Lewis, L. F. Francis and C. D. Frisbie. "High-Resolution, High-Aspect Ratio Conductive Wires Embedded in Plastic Substrates," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7, 1841-7 (2015). 2 R. K. Lade Jr., J.-O. Song, A. D. Musliner, B. A. Williams, S. Kumar, C. W. Macosko, and L. F. Francis,"Sag in Drying Coatings: Prediction and Real Time Measurement with Particle Tracking," Progress in Organic Coatings (2015) in press.
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| 0.912997 | 556 | 2.59375 | 3 |
After a sizzling summer, I'm ready for winter. Not to mention some rain, given that Houston is about 10 inches below normal on that score. As it It turns out we might just have a cool, wet winter thanks to El Niño, the pattern of warmer sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
The latest outlook suggests we're already in a moderate El Niño that is likely to get stronger and persist through the winter. So if that's the case, what does a winter El Niño mean for the Texas climate?
Here's a map showing that Texas typically has wetter and cooler conditions during an El Niño.
So let's see if we can quantify this a bit more for Texas. The following data is based upon average conditions during the 17 El Niños in the last 50 years. The four images below concern the December-February during El Niño winters.
In the first set of photos, the map of the United States on the left shows that all of Texas, on average, experiences at least 10 to 30 percent more precipitation during an El Niño winter. Parts of South Texas have 50 to 70 percent more rainfall. Considering that area's exceptional drought, there may finally be some relief this winter.
The map of the United States on the right indicates the percentage of El Niño years that have had above-average precipitation. For example, South Texas had above-average precipitation in 60 to 80 percent of the El Niño winters.
The maps below also represent average conditions for December-February during El Niño winters, expect they show temperatures, in Fahrenheit, instead of precipitation.
Most of Texas is slightly cooler, and the slightly cool winters occur 60 to 80 percent of the time for most of those areas....MORE
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
As El Niño strengthens: A cooler, wetter Texas winter?
From the Houston Chronicle's SciGuy:
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| 0.927756 | 381 | 2.6875 | 3 |
With rates of gender-based violence (GBV) still staggeringly high in every nation across the globe, it’s easy to feel vulnerable as a woman. A violent attack can come from anywhere at any time; from someone you know intimately or someone you’ve never met. In a country like Lebanon, fragile political dynamics and a massive refugee crisis only add to the insecurity. But with the right knowledge and skills, women can be better prepared to protect themselves and their children.
Our women’s self-defense trainings in Lebanon—a country that ranks extremely low in gender equality—teach Syrian refugees and Lebanese women how to mitigate safety risks and effectively respond to violence. By understanding their rights and techniques to keep themselves safe, these women are able to transform fear into empowerment. The following video demonstrates this powerful process, and will be used to reach many more women across the country.
Facts about Gender-Based Violence in Lebanon:
- 65% of reported incidents are committed by family members, and 71% took place inside the survivor or perpetrator’s household.
- 18% of reported cases on GBV involve incidents of sexual violence, of which 8% are rape.
Source: UNFPA, 2017
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https://internationalmedicalcorps.org/updates/womens-self-defense-in-lebanon/
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General will, in political theory, a collectively held will that aims at the common good or common interest. The general will is central to the political thought of the Swiss-born French political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and an important concept in modern republican thought. Rousseau distinguishes the general will from the particular and often contradictory wills of individuals and groups. In The Social Contract (1762), Rousseau argues that freedom and authority are not contradictory, since legitimate laws are founded on the general will of the citizens. In obeying the law, the individual citizen is thus only obeying himself as a member of the political community.
The notion of the general will precedes Rousseau and has its roots in Christian theology. In the second half of the 17th century, Nicolas Malebranche attributed the general will to God. God, Malebranche argued, mostly acts in the world through a set of “general laws” instituted at the creation of the world. These laws correspond to God’s general will, in contradistinction to particular expressions of God’s will: miracles and other occasional acts of divine intervention. For Malebranche, it is because God’s will expresses itself mainly through general laws that we can make sense of the apparent contradiction between God’s will to save all of humankind and the fact that most souls will not actually be saved. Rousseau’s own understanding of the general will emerged from a critique of Denis Diderot, who transforms Malebranche’s understanding of the general will into a secular concept but who echoes Malebranche by defining it in universalistic terms. In his article “Droit naturel” (“Natural Right”) published in 1755 in the Encyclopédie, Diderot argues that morality is based on the general will of humankind to improve its own happiness. Individuals can access this moral ideal by reflecting on their interest as a member of the human race. The general will, Diderot believes, is necessarily directed at the good since its object is the betterment of all.
For Rousseau, however, the general will is not an abstract ideal. It is instead the will actually held by the people in their quality as citizens. Rousseau’s conception is thus political and differs from the more universal conception of the general will held by Diderot. To partake in the general will means, for Rousseau, to reflect upon and to vote on the basis of one’s sense of justice. Individuals become conscious of their interest as citizens, according to Rousseau, and thus of that of the republic as a whole, not through spirited discussions but, on the contrary, by following their personal conscience in the “silence of the passions.” In this sense, the public assembly does not debate so much as disclose the general will of the people. Rousseau argues that the general will is intrinsically right, but he also criticized in some works (mainly in his Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, 1750) the rationalist elevation of reason above feelings. This has provoked scholarly debates about the rational and affective dimensions of the general will. On the one hand, the general will reflects the rational interest of the individual (as citizen) as well as that of the people as a whole. On the other hand, the general will is not purely rational because it emerges out of an attachment and even love for one’s political community.
Rousseau assumed that all people are capable of taking the moral standpoint of aiming at the common good and that, if they did so, they would reach a unanimous decision. Thus, in an ideal state, laws express the general will. While citizens may be wrong and deceived, according to Rousseau, they will aim at justice as long as they pursue the interest of the people rather than follow their interest as individuals or as members of different groups. Seen from this perspective, the individual who breaches the law is acting not only against the instituted government but also against that individual’s higher interest as a member of the political community. In a famous passage of The Social Contract, Rousseau argues that forcing this individual to abide by the law is thus nothing else than “forcing him to be free.” On this basis, critics such as Benjamin Constant and J.L. Talmon have accused Rousseau of being an authoritarian thinker and, in the second case, a forefather of totalitarian politics. Talmon’s indictment has, however, been largely discredited.
While scholars differ on the meaning of this passage, there is wide agreement that Rousseau is concerned with preserving civil liberty and autonomy, not with giving free reign to government. In fact, the concept of the general will also implies a proscription against despotism. For Rousseau, government is only legitimate insofar as it is subordinated to popular sovereignty or, in other words, follows the general will of the people. Government loses all legitimacy the moment it places itself above the law to pursue its own interest as a separate political body.
The concept of the general will had a deep and lasting influence on modern republican thought, particularly in the French tradition. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 (article 6), a founding document of the current French Constitution, defined law as the expression of the general will.
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| 0.960598 | 1,094 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Click here for our Pennsylvania Forest Service maps. Unfortunately the publisher has decided to not reprint/update these atlases and only two are still available.
Earthquakes in Pennsylvania are not common, although there are a few areas with a history of small events. We stock all USGS topographic maps of Pennsylvania at all available scales. Spanning more than 185 miles (298 km) in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, it is perhaps the best known fault zone in the Mid-Atlantic region, and some small earthquakes have been known to occur in its vicinity. Some are spiral-bound, some are softcover center-stapled atlases. We offer county wall maps for all of the USA.
We stock numerous fishing maps for Pennsylvania lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. No symbols were placed on the map other than fault lines, county boundary lines, and major streams so that the view of the terrain would be as unobstructed as possible. By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. Sample detail from the Pennsylvania wall map. Sample detail from the Dauphin County wall map
Pennsylvania Fishing Maps. This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines.
The Pennsylvania Geological Survey's PaGEODE online tool provides an interactive map of the geology and natural resources of Pennsylvania, including: Surface and bedrock geology Earthquakes Karst features Coal, oil, and gas resources Sites of notable geologic interest Street and topographic maps, and aerial images The map allows users to select multiple layers that can be It runs from southeastern Missouri through northeastern Arkansas …
They are available in variety of mounting and framing options. By doing this, users can see how different features are related. 1:1,000,000. 2. 1:500,000.
Click here for our complete US Forest Service maps list.
Pennsylvania Geologic Map. The Ramapo Fault forms the boundary between the Newark Basin and the Highlands, running from Haverstraw, New York to near Schaefferstown, Pennsylvania. Copyright © 2020. Earthquakes in Pennsylvania.
Raven Maps. Click here for 1:250,000 sectional raised relief maps. And there are many more than what you would expect!
Click here to order county wall maps and to see sample images, prices, sizes, and mounting options. The maps are ideal for business applications, sales territory, delivery planning, direct mail targeting and hundreds of other applications.
Click here for our complete cycling maps list. Pennsylvania & New Jersey Shaded Relief Wall Map. Top Answer. 3.
These include the Northern Tier Transcontinental Trail and the Underground Railroad Trail along the Lake Erie shoreline in northwestern Pennsylvania, and the Atlantic Coast Trail through eastern Pennsylvania. Thumbnail image of the Bucks County wall map
We offer state wall maps for all of the USA. Folded city street maps.
Click here to order state wall maps and to see sample images, prices, sizes, and mounting options. An online map of United States Quaternary faults (faults that have been active in the last 1.6 million years) is available via the Quaternary Fault and Fold Database. 1. Pennsylvania Geological Survey. 1:500,000. There is an interactive map application to view the faults online and a separate database search function.
This web app is a product of the joint collaboration between the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Philippines and Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), Japan. The Northern Sangre de Cristo Fault.
For the whole state or individual areas, users can download PGS reports on the environment, mineral and water resources, and many other topics of interest.
Size is 91 x 137 cm (36 x 54"). The maps are ideal for business applications, sales territory, delivery planning, direct mail targeting and hundreds of other applications. This map gives an overview of geologically young faults and is intended to help in evaluation of the potential activity of faulting nationally.
All rights reserved. Answer. Click here to access the PaGEODE interactive map, Source: Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, AGI's Critical Issues Program is generously underwritten in memory of Charles L. Weiner. In 2011, a magnitude 5.3 quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, another … This map shows the major fault lines in the US!
Many tribes even left the region permanently. Now out of print, we offer color plots. Sample detail of the Mid-Atlantic States Travel Map. Sample detail of the Philadelphia Travel Map USGS. The geologic shaded-relief map of Pennsylvania shows the bedrock geology of the state Smaller earthquakes with epicenters in adjoining states have also been felt in Pennsylvania.
0 1 2. KML (Google Earth-type) files and GIS shape files are also available for download from the site. Recently, public knowledge about the fault has increased, especially after the 1970s, when the fault's proximity to the Indian Point nuclear plant in New York was noted.
Thumbnail image of the Pennsylvania wall map
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ALBANY >> The joint U.S. and Canadian agency that oversees management of the St. Lawrence Seaway and Lake Ontario released a report Tuesday recommending more natural variations of water levels to restore the health of shoreline wetlands.
The International Joint Commission plan — the culmination 14 years of scientific studies and often contentious public debate — seeks to balance the needs of shoreline property owners, commercial shipping, recreational boating, hydropower production and ecosystem health in controlling releases from the Moses-Saunders Dam in Cornwall, Ontario.
The “Plan 2014” recommendations take steps to restore natural ecosystems around the lake after 60 years of regulations that weighed business and property interests but ignored environmental issues. It would allow the lake’s water level to rise a few inches higher, on average, in spring and fall.
Field work and analysis during the commission’s study demonstrated that the current regulation plan has substantially degraded 64,000 acres of shoreline wetlands that are critical to filtering pollution and providing habitat to native amphibians, birds, mammals and fish.
The plan, which cost more than $20 million to develop, is subject to approval by the U.S. and Canadian governments, with no set timetable for implementation.
It’s the final version of a plan announced last year and presented at public meetings where some of the lake’s south shore property owners voiced opposition, saying its allowance for greater fluctuations in water levels would speed erosion and increase flooding risks.
In a conference call, commission member Dereth Glance said it is estimated that the plan will result in about a 13 percent overall increase in the costs of rebuilding, fortifying or maintaining shoreline erosion-control structures such as seawalls around the lake.
While there are likely to be costs involved in shoreline protection, Glance pointed out there are already expensive efforts underway to restore wetlands around Lake Ontario.
“The benefit of this plan is that you can restore the health of these wetlands substantially without any cost to taxpayers, and enhance the economics of everything from fishing to bird-watching to hunting.”
The commission was established under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty. It established criteria for managing flows from the Moses-Saunders Dam in 1956, including provisions to compress the natural range of water level fluctuations to benefit development in lakeside communities.
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Child assembling the flag of Jainism.
Child pointing towards Jain temple.
Child Tracing the symbol of Jainism.
Introduction to Jainism culture - Role play.
Child constructing the Jain temple with Montessori Material.
Child tracing the Jain symbol.
Classified cards of Jain Temple.
Child putting a tick for Non-Ahimsa and cross for Ahimsa.
Children are making Swastika.
Children forming Jain Symbol.
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Could It Be Stomach Cancer?
WebMD Live Events Transcript
John S. Macdonald, MD, from the St. Vincent's Comprehensive Cancer
Center, joined us on April 13, 2005 to discuss stomach cancer: the risk factors,
the symptoms, and the latest emerging treatments.
The opinions expressed herein are the guests' alone and have not been
reviewed by a WebMD physician. If you have questions about your health, you
should consult your personal physician. This event is meant for informational
This event is made possible by an educational grant from Aventis Pharmaceuticals, a member of the sanofi-aventis Group.
Welcome to WebMD
Live, Dr. Macdonald. Thank you for joining us today. Who is the typical gastric cancer patient? Who is most likely to be affected?
If you look in the United States, the average or median age for gastric cancer is about 65. People tend to be older. Of course, the demographics of the US population show we are getting older. The typical patient has not had previous disease in the stomach and there's no major association with the causation of gastric cancer and habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol; it does not seem to be typical with gastric cancer. However, people who have gastric cancer frequently have a history of a low grade infection in the stomach that can cause gastritis. This infection is caused by a particular bacterium called H. pylori.
Are there lifestyle choices that increase risk of stomach cancer?
In general, there are not. Stomach cancer appears to be more common in people in this country who are recent immigrants, who may have grown up in countries where they did not eat as much fresh food as in the United States. In the past, when gastric cancer was substantially more common in the U.S. before 1930, it was associated with the consumption of preserved foods like salted meats.
|"One of the things that has always interested doctors studying stomach cancer is: why did the incidence of this disease decrease over the last 50, 60, 70 years? It appears the major reason has been related to less use of preserved foods and more use of frozen and fresh foods in the United States." |
Doesn't the bacteria you mentioned, H. pylori, cause ulcers?
Now that's a good question. H. pylori is associated with ulcers also. There are some patients with ulcers who can be shown to have H. pylori as causation and when it is associated with the cause of gastric cancer the reason is the H. pylori contributes to a chronic gastritis or inflammation of the stomach.
So do people with ulcers have to be more concerned about developing stomach cancer?
Interestingly enough people with ulcers of the stomach don't seem to have a particular increase of stomach cancer. Sometimes there is confusion because cancers of the stomach can ulcerate but it's not that a stomach ulcer, a benign one, has transformed into a stomach cancer.
But what about gastritis? Is that a precursor to stomach cancer?
What is called chronic gastritis -- when there's inflammation in the stomach over many years and also with the presence of the H. pylori and the absence of acid in the stomach -- those kinds of patients have a higher incidence of stomach cancer.
How common is stomach cancer?
That's a very good question. If you look at 1900, stomach cancer was the most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. Now it is about the eighth most common, with about 25,000 new cases occur each year. In the world, about 800,000 cases occur each year. So it's very common around the world; less common in the U.S. One of the things that has always interested doctors studying stomach cancer is: why did the incidence of this disease decrease over the last 50, 60, 70 years? It appears the major reason has been related to less use of preserved foods and more use of frozen and fresh foods in the United States.
© 2005-2015 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
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When you read Tropical Fish Profiles, you will notice a suggested or needed Aquarium pH level for that particular tropical fish. Many people are confused as to what the pH is, or how you manage it.
First, let’s identify what the abbreviation “pH” represents. pH stands for potential hydrogen. In other words, pH measures how acidic or alkaline the aquarium water is in your fish tank.
Aquarium pH is measured on a scale between 0-14.0. Aquarium water pH that measures 0-6.9 is acidic, while a fish tank pH measuring 7.1-14.0 is alkaline. Aquarium water pH of 7.0 is neutral.
Aquarium Water pH Effects on your Tank
The pH level in your freshwater tropical fish tank effects many aspects of your aquarium water. Aquarium pH levels that measure below 6.0 will slow the Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle. The beneficial bacteria needed to convert the poisonous ammonia must have a pH above 6.0 to thrive and multiply. If the fish tank pH does fall below 6.0, your aquarium tank my go through another cycle. The result may be fatal to your tropical fish.
Aquarium pH and your Tropical Fish
So, is there a perfect measurement of pH in aquariums for all tropical fish?
The answer is no. There is no “one” pH level that is perfect for all fish.
You will hear people in the hobby state that you should keep the pH in aquariums at 7.0. Yes, 7.0 is neutral, and many tropical fish species will live comfortably in this pH range. But you do not need to panic if your pH is not exactly 7.0. Tropical fish do have recommended levels of pH that they will thrive in. Every tropical fish hobbyists wants to match the pH of the natural environment from which or pet fish originate.
Most tropical fish (with the exception of a few species) will live in a wide range of pH levels. I’ve had great SUCCESS in the hobby with aquarium water with pH levels between 6.8-7.8. Aquarium pH levels may effect growth, coloration, and breeding among certain types of tropical fish.
Test your Water Source
I highly suggest you test your water source before purchasing your tropical fish. This will ensure that you know what range your Aquarium pH falls into. Knowing the fish tank’s pH level will give you a good idea on what type of tropical fish you can keep. Unless you have odd water conditions in your home, or you want to keep a more exotic fish, you should be just fine with your aquarium pH level.
To get an accurate reading on the aquarium water pH straight out of your tap, first you need to fill up a cup or bucket with tap water. Second, you will need to add an airstone to add oxygen to the water. Leave the airstone running in the water for 24 hours and then test with a high quality Freshwater pH Aquarium Test kit.
Adjusting your Aquarium Water pH
There are many people that make the mistake of trying to adjust their aquarium water pH to meet the exact “suggested” pH levels of the tropical fish they are keeping. This can be a huge mistake.
The most important thing regarding pH in aquariums is to keep the levels consistent. You will do way more damage to your tropical fish and water parameters when you try to raise and lower your pH. Keeping your fish tank pH consistent ensures that your fish have a steady environment.
Drastic changes in water quality including dramatic changes in you pH can put your tropical fish in shock often resulting in death. When the aquarium water pH levels rise, the toxins such as ammonia become more toxic. It is very important to test your aquarium pH levels weekly or every two weeks especially during the first months your tank is set up.
Please note that I DO NOT suggest dosing chemicals to raise or lower your aquarium pH.
Raising your Fish Tank pH
- Adding a crushed coral substrate can help raise and buffer your aquarium water pH.
- Certain rocks can help raise and buffer your aquarium pH. Limestone rocks such as “Texas Holey Rock” and clean base rock used in saltwater tanks (dead live rock that is cleaned and 100% disease and bacteria free).
- **Baking soda can be used to raise and lower your pH.
- **Chemical additives
Lowering your Fish Tank pH
- Add clean driftwood to your tropical fish tank. Driftwood releases natural tannins that are harmless. The tannins lower the aquarium water pH but also will leave your water stained. Your water will look like tea. Regular water changes and patience will eventually lead you to clearer water.
- Add peat moss to your system. Many add peat moss in their aquarium filter. Water running through the media bag filled with peat moss will often help lower your pH.
- **Chemicals Additives
**I must state again that I do not recommend adding chemicals or other additives to raise or lower you pH unless you are dedicated to adding the chemicals everytime you perform a water change. Any swing in your pH may lead to diseases or even death of your tropical fish.
If a higher pH is what you desire, and you have a problem with your aquarium’s pH, you may want to help buffer your water. pH buffers come in several different types but most are powders that can be added to your tropical fish tank and will help stabilize your aquarium pH. If you desire a higher pH in your aquarium water, you may also want to try to add a crushed coral substrate. This is a natural buffer and will prevent your pH from declining rapidly.
pH Aquarium Tips
- The most important thing to remember is keep your aquarium water pH consistent. Constantly trying to change your pH can do way more damage to your tropical fish.
- Maintain a strict schedule of water changes to ensure high water quality and this will prevent your pH from swinging back and forth so much.
- If you decide to dose additives, be sure to follow the directions on the manufacturer’s label. Remember you must dose each time you change your aquarium water.
- When acclimating new fish, acclimate them slowly. Drastic changes in the aquarium water pH will injure or kill your tropical fish.
- Test your aquarium pH at least every two weeks to ensure everything is as it should be in the aquarium water.
- Test your water source and determine if the fish you desire to keep will live comfortably. Most often as long as you keep the pH consistent you will be just fine!
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South Korea has a market economy which ranks 15th in the world by nominal GDP and 12th by purchasing power parity (PPP), identifying it as one of the G-20 major economies. It is a high-income developed country, with a developed market, and is a member of OECD. South Korea is one of the Asian Tigers, and is the only developed country so far to have been included in the group of Next Eleven countries. South Korea had one of the world’s fastest growing economies from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and South Korea is still one of the fastest growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, the other three members of Asian Tigers. South Koreans refer to this growth as the Miracle on the Han River. Having almost no natural resources and always suffering from overpopulation in its small territory, which deterred continued population growth and the formation of a large internal consumer market, South Korea adapted an export-oriented economic strategy to fuel its economy, and in 2010, South Korea was the seventh largest exporter and tenth largest importer in the world. Bank of Korea and Korea Development Institute periodically release major economic indicators and economic trends of the economy of South Korea]
In the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, South Korean economy suffered national bankruptcy and relied on the bailout by the IMF that re-structured and modernized the South Korean economy with successive DJnomics policy by President Kim Dae Jung, including the resultant of the national development of the ICT industry. Despite the South Korean economy’s high growth potential and apparent structural stability, South Korea suffers perpetual damage to its credit rating in the stock market due to the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises, which has an adverse effect on the financial markets of the South Korean economy. However, renowned financial organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund, also compliment the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises, citing low state debt, and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address any expected financial emergencies. Other financial organizations like the World Bank describe Korea as one of the fastest-growing major economies of the next generation along with BRIC and Indonesia. South Korea was one of the few developed countries that was able to avoid a recession during the global financial crisis, and its economic growth rate will reach 6.1% in 2010, a sharp recovery from economic growth rates of 2.3% in 2008 and 0.2% in 2009 when the global financial crisis hit.
South Korea was a historical recipient of official development assistance (ODA) from OECD. Throughout the 1980s until the mid-1990s, South Korea’s economic prosperity as measured in GDP by PPP per capita was still only a fraction of industrialized nations In 1980, the South Korean GDP per capita was $2,300, about one-third of nearby developed Asian economies such as Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan. Since then, South Korea has advanced into a developed economy to eventually attain a GDP per capita of $30,000 in 2010, almost thirteen times the figure thirty years ago. The whole country’s GDP increased from $88 billion to $1,460 billion in the same time frame. In 2009, South Korea officially became the first major recipient of ODA to have ascended to the status of a major donor of ODA.Between 2008 and 2009, South Korea donated economic aid of $1.7 billion to countries other than North Korea. South Korea’s separate annual economic aid to North Korea has historically been more than twice its ODA. On June 23, 2012, South Korea is landmarked to become the 7th member of the 20-50 club (with the population surpassing 50 million and maintaining per capita income of US$20,000), chronologically, after Japan, United States of America, France, Italy, Germany and United Kingdom. South Korean economy is heavily dependent on the energy imports and the related refinery technologies in association with Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Republic of Korea. The economy of South Korea has the largest indoor Amusement park in the world, the Lotte World, adding the notable export-oriented music industry guided by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Republic of Korea.
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Growing the Japanese anemone provides the gardener not only color in the landscape, but striking cut flowers as well. Japanese anemone grows from 1 to 5 feet tall and provides flowers, 2 to 4 inches in diameter. Flowers can be single or double in shades of pink and white. Growing Japanese anemone takes a bit of patience in the beginning as it is slow to establish. Hardy in USDA Zones 5 through 8, the Japanese anemone is not started from seed, but from starter plants purchased at a nursery or garden center. Set your plant out in spring.
Choose a planting location for the Japanese anemone. It requires morning sun and afternoon shade. The east side of the house is an ideal location, according to Gerald Klingaman, retired University of Arkansas horticulturist.
Add a 3- to 4-inch layer of compost or well-rotted manure to the soil in the planting area and, using the gardening fork, mix it to a depth of 12 inches. Level the area with the rake.
Dig a hole the same depth and twice the diameter of the pot in which the Japanese anemone is growing. Tip the pot on its side and gently slide the plant out. Place the roots in the hole and backfill with soil. Tamp around the base of the plant with your hands to remove any air pockets in the soil.
Apply a 3-inch deep layer of mulch around the Japanese anemone, keeping it 2 inches away from the plant.
Water the Japanese anemone until the soil is saturated and keep the soil moist, but not soggy, at all times.
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CAPE CANAVERAL (FOX 13) - They've landed a rocket on a ship. They've taken over an historic NASA launch pad. Now, SpaceX says they're going to Mars -- and soon.
The company today announced plans to send an unmanned version of its Dragon 2 capsule to the Red Planet as soon as 2018 in a mission that could just be the start of regular flights to Mars.
The new capsule -- a "Red Dragon," as the company calls it -- will use rocket engines to soft-land on the surface of Mars. It's the same way NASA's lunar module landed on the surface of the moon, and SpaceX has famously been using that method to perfect the reuse of its Falcon 9 rockets.
"These missions will help demonstrate the technologies needed to land large payloads propulsively on Mars," the company explained in a Facebook post announcing the plan. "Red Dragon missions will help inform the overall Mars architecture that will be unveiled later this year."
SpaceX has made no secret of their plans for the Red Planet -- they've often incorporated Mars into their corporate imagery, and even shared a "photo" of a terraformed Mars for Earth Day. Company founder and CEO Elon Musk has long said his goal is to send people to Mars, but this is the first public sign of a schedule and a plan.
According to the limited amount of information released Wednesday, the Red Dragon capsule would be launched atop a bulked-up Falcon 9 rocket. The triple-core version, known as the Falcon Heavy, is set to debut later this year from one of NASA's former space shuttle launch pads at Cape Canaveral.
NASA, meanwhile, is modifying Kennedy Space Center's other space shuttle pad for its own heavy lift rocket. The Space Launch System and Orion capsules, meant to replace the space shuttle, will eventually carry people, but their destination is not clear yet. Possible targets include the moon, an asteroid, and Mars, and probably won't take place until after 2023.
While SpaceX's Red Dragon missions may begin much sooner, they won't be carrying people, Musk tweeted.
"Wouldn't recommend transporting astronauts beyond Earth-moon region. Wouldn't be fun for longer journeys," he explained. "Internal volume [about the] size of [an] SUV."
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If someone in your social circle was making specifically healthy or unhealthy food choices, would it influence your behavior?
It’s likely, say researchers in the United Kingdom who have reported on a meta-analysis of several experimental studies that all examined whether access to information about the eating habits of others influences food intake or choices.
The review, published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.11.009), looked at 15 studies from 11 publications. Eight of the studies examined how information about food intake norms influenced food consumed by participants. Seven other studies reported the effects of food choice norms on how people decided what food to eat. The conclusion? Investigators found consistent evidence that social norms influence food.
The analysis found that if participants were given information indicating that others were making low-calorie or high-calorie food choices, it significantly increased the likelihood that the participants would make similar choices. Also, data indicated that social norms influenced the quantity of food that subjects ate. So whether your dining partner mounds a second helping of mashed potatoes on his plate—or pushes away from the table without finishing all of his food—chances are good that you will follow suit. The review also found a strong association between eating and social identity.
"It appears that in some contexts, conforming to informational eating norms may be a way of reinforcing identity to a social group, which is in line with social identity theory," explained lead investigator Eric Robinson, PhD, of the University of Liverpool, in a press release. "By this social identity account, if a person's sense of self is strongly guided by their identity as a member of their local community and that community is perceived to eat healthily, then that person would be hypothesized to eat healthily in order to maintain a consistent sense of social identity." Investigators caution that more research is needed, but that these types of studies can help us understand the way people make decisions about food consumption and can help shape public policy and messaging about healthy choices.
"The evidence reviewed here is consistent with the idea that eating behaviors can be transmitted socially," remarked Robinson. "Taking these points into consideration, the findings of the present review may have implications for the development of more effective public health campaigns to promote ‘healthy eating.’ Policies or messages that normalize healthy eating habits or reduce the prevalence of beliefs that lots of people eat unhealthily may have beneficial effects on public health."
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Every pet owner knows that animals are always ready to eat anything they can find in the house without a twinge of conscience. Cats chew the leaves of various plants, and dogs sometimes act like vacuum cleaners collecting all the food they can find on the kitchen floor. This habit can be deadly for pets because some items that you would never think of can be dangerous for them.
This is why it is so important to learn about rare as well as common household items and examine your place before adopting a pet.
Drugs and Dietary Supplements
What is suitable for a human being is not necessarily the same for an animal. In fact, it can become a poison for your pet, so never leave medicines unattended and always store them in places where your pet will not be able to reach. Make sure to keep cravings and chewing behaviors down, providing your dog with an optimal feeding schedule and food, like limited ingredient dog food, breed specific dog food or well balanced treats to lower its desire to seek treats everywhere. Of course, hiding your medication is the most important step. Think of your pet as a toddler.
While they are responsible for creating a calming atmosphere at your home and setting the mood for restful sleep, candles can also harm dogs and cats. To make your pet safe try to keep an eye on them and put somewhere your pet won’t reach them.
Unscented candle wax itself is not toxic for animals, but many candles consist of essential oils or scents that can harm your pet if it happens to eat them. Another danger can come from a candle wick or metal parts because they can damage your pet’s organs in case of eating them.
Go through your houseplants and read up on them. Not many people realize that they have poisonous plants in their home until the worst happens. A popular myth is that cats and dogs will “know” when something is poisonous and not eat it – that is not the case.
Check out this infographic for more info:
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To aid each student, consistent with his or her abilities and education needs to: 1. develop competence in the basic learning skills; 2. progress on the basis of achievement; 3. qualify for further education and/or employment; 4. develop ethical standards of behavior and participate in society as a responsible family member and citizen; 5. develop a positive and realistic concept of self and others.
To apply, visit www.mcpsva.org
Essential Duties: (This list is intended solely as an illustration of the various types of work performed. The omission of specific duties does not exclude their addition if they are similar to or a logical extension of the position.)
• Uses appropriate theories, methods, and strategies to teach state standards and skills.
• Maintains a positive and cooperative learning environment in the classroom.
• Demonstrates effective classroom management skills, and follows the School wide Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS).
• Assesses students to determine appropriate instruction and to determine differentiated strategies.
• Administers, maintains, and submits assessment scores in a timely manner.
• Communicates on a regular basis with students and parents regarding student progress.
• Creates quarterly and year-long plans and works collaboratively with grade level teaching colleagues.
• Collaborates with other teachers during grade level or whole staff meetings.
• Provides students with computer instruction and encourages computer and technology skills.
• Organizes classroom space appropriately for the grade and subject being taught.
• Demonstrates effective knowledge of and interaction with parents and community.
• Demonstrates effective knowledge and use of instructional facilities, equipment, and materials.
• Demonstrates effective knowledge of and interpersonal relationships with students as individuals and as groups.
• Demonstrates effective professional relationships with peers and specialists.
• Provides effective supervision of volunteers and paraprofessionals when applicable.
• Works effectively with peers leaders, supervisors, and administrators.
• Demonstrates effective knowledge of and compliance with policies, regulations, and guidelines in meeting assigned duties.
• Performs duties deemed necessary by the School Board and Superintendent for the efficient and successful operation of the school system.
• Complies with all school laws, State Board of Education regulations, and all rules and regulations made by the School Board and Superintendent.
• Attends all meetings called or approved by the Superintendent, Principal, or Assistant Principal.
• Performs other duties as assigned by the Building Principal. Requisite Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities:
• Excellent academic language model in both Spanish and English (Native or Native-like, all applicants will be required to take a language competency exam).
• Demonstrate effective knowledge of and is sensitive to the needs of a diverse student population.
• Familiar with second language acquisition pedagogy.
• Assume responsibility for continued personal and professional growth in the teaching field, or in the field of teaching, as well as the improvement of the profession.
• Assist with the planning and development of the dual immersion program beyond each school year, to include curriculum development and community outreach.
• Collaborate with colleagues to improve teaching and learning.
• Ability to involve parents and community members in student learning.
• Serve as role model.
Requisite Education and Experience:
• Must have met the Virginia Department of Education requirements to hold or be eligible to hold a Virginia Teaching License with an endorsement in Early/Primary education or Elementary education.
• Must possess at least a Bachelor’s degree.
• Previous Dual Language Immersion experience is preferred.
• Have an understanding of culture history and Spanish speaking people and countries.
• Knowledge of Early Childhood education.
Must have the use of sensory skills in order to effectively communicate and interact with other employees and the public through the use of the telephone and personal contact as normally defined by the ability to see, read, talk, hear, handle or feel objects and controls. Physical capability to effectively use and operate various items of office related equipment, such as, but not limited to: a personal computer, calculator, copier, and fax machine. Some climbing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, reaching, standing, walking, pushing, pulling, lifting, grasping, or repetitive motions required.
Manassas City Public Schools assures equal employment opportunities and equal education opportunities for employees and students as required by federal and state orders and laws. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform essential tasks. This job description is intended to accurately reflect the position activities and requirements. It is neither intended to be, nor should it be construed as, an all-inclusive list of the responsibilities, skills, or working conditions associated with the position. The administration reserves the right to modify, assign, or remove duties as necessary.
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What is Boy Scouting?
Purpose of the BSA
The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated to provide a program for community organizations that offers effective character, ask citizenship, capsule and personal fitness training for youth. Specifically, the BSA endeavors to develop American citizens who are physically, mentally, and emotionally fit; have a high degree of self-reliance as evidenced in such qualities as initiative, courage, and resourcefulness; have personal values based on religious concepts; have the desire and skills to help others; understand the principles of the American social, economic, and governmental systems; are knowledgeable about and take pride in their American heritage and understand our nation’s role in the world; have a keen respect for the basic rights of all people; and are prepared to participate in and give leadership to American society.
Aims and Methods of the Scouting Program
The Scouting program has three specific objectives, commonly referred to as the “Aims of Scouting.” They are character development, citizenship training, and personal fitness.
The 8 methods by which the aims are achieved are listed below in random order to emphasize the equal importance of each.
The ideals of Boy Scouting are spelled out in the Scout Oath, the Scout Law, the Scout motto, and the Scout slogan. The Boy Scout measures himself against these ideals and continually tries to improve. The goals are high, and as he reaches for them, he has some control over what and who he becomes.
The patrol method gives Boy Scouts an experience in group living and participating citizenship. It places responsibility on young shoulders and teaches boys how to accept it. The patrol method allows Scouts to interact in small groups where members can easily relate to each other. These small groups determine troop activities through elected representatives.
Boy Scouting is designed to take place outdoors. It is in the outdoor setting that Scouts share responsibilities and learn to live with one another. In the outdoors the skills and activities practiced at troop meetings come alive with purpose. Being close to nature helps Boy Scouts gain an appreciation for the beauty of the world around us. The outdoors is the laboratory in which Boy Scouts learn ecology and practice conservation of nature’s resources.
Boy Scouting provides a series of surmountable obstacles and steps in overcoming them through the advancement method. The Boy Scout plans his advancement and progresses at his own pace as he meets each challenge. The Boy Scout is rewarded for each achievement, which helps him gain self-confidence. The steps in the advancement system help a Boy Scout grow in self-reliance and in the ability to help others.
Associations With Adults
Boys learn a great deal by watching how adults conduct themselves. Scout leaders can be positive role models for the members of the troop. In many cases a Scoutmaster who is willing to listen to boys, encourage them, and take a sincere interest in them can make a profound difference in their lives.
As Boy Scouts plan their activities and progress toward their goals, they experience personal growth. The Good Turn concept is a major part of the personal growth method of Boy Scouting. Boys grow as they participate in community service projects and do Good Turns for others. Probably no device is as successful in developing a basis for personal growth as the daily Good Turn. The religious emblems program also is a large part of the personal growth method. Frequent personal conferences with his Scoutmaster help each Boy Scout to determine his growth toward Scouting’s aims.
The Boy Scout program encourages boys to learn and practice leadership skills. Every Boy Scout has the opportunity to participate in both shared and total leadership situations. Understanding the concepts of leadership helps a boy accept the leadership role of others and guides him toward the citizenship aim of Scouting.
The uniform makes the Boy Scout troop visible as a force for good and creates a positive youth image in the community. Boy Scouting is an action program, and wearing the uniform is an action that shows each Boy Scout’s commitment to the aims and purposes of Scouting. The uniform gives the Boy Scout identity in a world brotherhood of youth who believe in the same ideals. The uniform is practical attire for Boy Scout activities and provides a way for Boy Scouts to wear the badges that show what they have accomplished.
The Beginning of Scouting
Scouting, as known to millions of youth and adults, evolved during the early 1900s through the efforts of several men dedicated to bettering youth
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. These pioneers of the program conceived outdoor activities that developed skills in young boys and gave them a sense of enjoyment, fellowship, and a code of conduct for everyday living.
In this country and abroad at the turn of the century, it was thought that children needed certain kinds of education that the schools couldn’t or didn’t provide. This led to the formation of a variety of youth groups, many with the word “Scout” in their names. For example, Ernest Thompson Seton, an American naturalist, artist, writer, and lecturer, originated a group called the Woodcraft Indians and in 1902 wrote a guidebook for boys in his organization called the Birch Bark Roll. Meanwhile in Britain, Robert Baden-Powell, after returning to his country a hero following military service in Africa, found boys reading the manual he had written for his regiment on stalking and survival in the wild. Gathering ideas from Seton, America ‘s Daniel Carter Beard, and other Scoutcraft experts, Baden-Powell rewrote his manual as a nonmilitary skill book, which he titled Scouting for Boys. The book rapidly gained a wide readership in England and soon became popular in the United States . In 1907, when Baden-Powell held the first campout for Scouts on Brownsea Island off the coast of England, troops were spontaneously springing up in America .
William D. Boyce, a Chicago publisher, incorporated the Boy Scouts of America in 1910 after meeting with Baden-Powell. (Boyce was inspired to meet with the British founder by an unknown Scout who led him out of a dense London fog and refused to take a tip for doing a Good Turn.) Immediately after its incorporation, the BSA was assisted by officers of the YMCA in organizing a task force to help community organizations start and maintain a high-quality Scouting program. Those efforts climaxed in the organization of the nation’s first Scout camp at Lake George, New York, directed by Ernest Thompson Seton. Beard, who had established another youth group, the Sons of Daniel Boone (which he later merged with the BSA), provided assistance. Also on hand for this historic event was James E. West, a lawyer and an advocate of children’s rights, who later would become the first professional Chief Scout Executive of the Boy Scouts of America. Seton became the first volunteer national Chief Scout, and Beard, the first national Scout Commissioner.
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| 0.946819 | 2,347 | 3.25 | 3 |
Green Sea Turtle: Chelonia mydas
Its name describes the color of its body fat, not its carapace (top shell), which is smooth and colored light to dark brown with dark mottling. Adults can grow to four feet long and weigh as much as 400 pounds.
Most sea turtle nesting in the continental U.S. occurs in Florida, where five species of turtles deposit eggs in 40,000 to 70,000 nests annually. The nesting is concentrated along the east coast from Volusia to Broward counties. One species, the green turtle, digs anywhere from 200 to 1,100 nests each year in Florida.
Sexually mature when they are 20 to 50 years old, female green sea turtles crawl ashore to lay 75-200 eggs in shallow nests high on the beach. For reasons that aren't understood, more eggs (1,000 or so) are laid every other year. Once the eggs are covered and concealed, females crawl back to the sea. Each turtle may nest as many as seven times during the season that extends from June to September in Florida.
After about two months incubating in the warm sand, hatchlings scramble to the water and swim out into the open ocean. There, they seek food and shelter in large areas of floating aquatic algae, called sargassum. After several years, the young turtles return to shallower waters along Florida's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Adults feed almost exclusively on algae or seagrasses in shallow flats. Green turtles will often travel thousands of miles between feeding and breeding areas.
Like most species of sea turtles, the green turtles that nest in Florida today are a remnant of a much larger population that was hunted nearly to extinction. Florida's breeding population of green turtles is classified as endangered and continued declines are the result of illegal trade in sea turtle products, habitat loss, and harm from pollution, dredges, offshore oil and exploration activities, fishing gear, and boats.
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<urn:uuid:1e7d3c37-9878-4d2d-b8c7-2cc66c79d276>
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CC-MAIN-2015-40
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http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/reptiles-and-amphibians/reptiles/turtles/green-sea-turtle/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737904854.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221824-00095-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.959194 | 397 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Stearns JC, Davidson CJ, McKeon S, Whelan FJ, Fontes ME, Schryvers AB, Bowdish DM, Kellner JD, Surette MG. Culture and molecular-based profiles show shifts in bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract that occur with age. ISME J. 2015 May;9(5):1268. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2015.49.
Abstract: The upper respiratory tract (URT) is a crucial site for host defense, as it is home to bacterial communities that both modulate host immune defense and serve as a reservoir of potential pathogens. Young children are at high risk of respiratory illness, yet the composition of their URT microbiota is not well understood. Microbial profiling of the respiratory tract has traditionally focused on culturing common respiratory pathogens, whereas recent culture-independent microbiome profiling can only report the relative abundance of bacterial populations. In the current study, we used both molecular profiling of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and laboratory culture to examine the bacterial diversity from the oropharynx and nasopharynx of 51 healthy children with a median age of 1.1 years (range 1–4.5 years) along with 19 accompanying parents. The resulting profiles suggest that in young children the nasopharyngeal microbiota, much like the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, changes from an immature state, where it is colonized by a few dominant taxa, to a more diverse state as it matures to resemble the adult microbiota. Importantly, this difference in bacterial diversity between adults and children accompanies a change in bacterial load of three orders of magnitude. This indicates that the bacterial communities in the nasopharynx of young children have a fundamentally different structure from those in adults and suggests that maturation of this community occurs sometime during the first few years of life, a period that includes ages at which children are at the highest risk for respiratory disease.
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<urn:uuid:69a9864a-c429-4b36-9621-2f8a98f299e9>
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CC-MAIN-2019-09
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http://www.bowdish.ca/lab/2015/06/25/stearns-jc-davidson-cj-mckeon-s-whelan-fj-fontes-me-schryvers-ab-bowdish-dm-kellner-jd-surette-mg-culture-and-molecular-based-profiles-show-shifts-in-bacterial-communities-of-the-upper-respir/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247487624.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218175932-20190218201932-00331.warc.gz
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en
| 0.919034 | 395 | 2.671875 | 3 |
|Unsolved problem in computer science:
PSPACE is a strict superset of the set of context-sensitive languages.
It turns out that allowing the Turing machine to be nondeterministic does not add any extra power. Because of Savitch's theorem, NPSPACE is equivalent to PSPACE, essentially because a deterministic Turing machine can simulate a non-deterministic Turing machine without needing much more space (even though it may use much more time). Also, the complements of all problems in PSPACE are also in PSPACE, meaning that co-PSPACE = PSPACE.
It is known that in the first and second line, at least one of the set containments must be strict, but it is not known which. It is widely suspected that all are strict.
The containments in the third line are both known to be strict. The first follows from direct diagonalization (the space hierarchy theorem, NL ? NPSPACE) and the fact that PSPACE = NPSPACE via Savitch's theorem. The second follows simply from the space hierarchy theorem.
The hardest problems in PSPACE are the PSPACE-Complete problems. See PSPACE-Complete for examples of problems that are suspected to be in PSPACE but not in NP.
A logical characterization of PSPACE from descriptive complexity theory is that it is the set of problems expressible in second-order logic with the addition of a transitive closure operator. A full transitive closure is not needed; a commutative transitive closure and even weaker forms suffice. It is the addition of this operator that (possibly) distinguishes PSPACE from PH.
A major result of complexity theory is that PSPACE can be characterized as all the languages recognizable by a particular interactive proof system, the one defining the class IP. In this system, there is an all-powerful prover trying to convince a randomized polynomial-time verifier that a string is in the language. It should be able to convince the verifier with high probability if the string is in the language, but should not be able to convince it except with low probability if the string is not in the language.
A language B is PSPACE-complete if it is in PSPACE and it is PSPACE-hard, which means for all A ? PSPACE, , where means that there is a polynomial-time many-one reduction from A to B. PSPACE-complete problems are of great importance to studying PSPACE problems because they represent the most difficult problems in PSPACE. Finding a simple solution to a PSPACE-complete problem would mean we have a simple solution to all other problems in PSPACE because all PSPACE problems could be reduced to a PSPACE-complete problem.
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<urn:uuid:d65f4806-9e47-41dc-acdf-1d3bc8b16422>
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CC-MAIN-2017-51
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http://www.like2do.com/learn?s=PSPACE
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948575124.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215153355-20171215175355-00185.warc.gz
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en
| 0.943314 | 564 | 2.984375 | 3 |
People who routinely eat fast food are 51 percent more likely to suffer from depression, compared to those who limit their intake of Big Macs, fries and the like or who don’t eat any of that stuff all. 8,964 people who had never been diagnosed with depression or who had never taken antidepressants were assessed for an average of six months by researchers the from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the University of Granada. 493 were diagnosed with depression or had started to take antidepressants.
A regular diet of pizza, hamburgers and hot dogs was not the only culprit. The researchers also found that consumption of commercial baked goods such as croissants and doughnuts also led to people being more likely to suffer from depression. In addition, they noted what Almudena Sánchez-Villegas, an author of the study, says in Science Daily is a “dose-response relationship,” that “the more fast food you consume, the greater the risk of depression.”
The researchers have published their findings in Public Health Nutrition.
It seems no surprise that eating too many fries and Munchkins and drinking Coolattas and soda instead of plain old water would make you feel bad. Such meals (if you can call them that) provide instant pleasure (thanks to plenty of sugar, salt and fat) but provide little nutrition and can even lead to you still feeling hungry, despite having consumed a significant amount of calories.
Even more, with the evidence for why fast food is bad for you piling up, how can we get people not to eat it and to eat more healthfully? Fast food is certainly popular among teenagers and, as many parents (myself included) of teenagers know, one of the best ways to get a child to eat something you don’t want them to (a Big Mac, for instance) is to say “that is so unhealthy and you will feel worse afterwards.”
Happy Meals should really be called Unhappy Meals: Yes, fast food is bad for us. How can we use the findings of the Public Health Nutrition study to wean kids (and others) from fast food and not only eat more healthfully, but just feel better?
Related Care2 Coverage
Photo by phil denton
Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may
not reflect those of
Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.
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<urn:uuid:d13a161d-36d8-4d29-ae58-cc963927e704>
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CC-MAIN-2015-11
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http://www.care2.com/causes/new-study-fast-food-makes-you-sad.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463708.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00021-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.974764 | 505 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The revised edition of Far East Chinese for Youth is a series of basic Mandarin Chinese language program designed for students aged 12-16. To assist comprehension, vivid illustrations are presented throughout the book alongside new words. Pronunciation Practice and Key Structures are also emphasized along with situation-based conversations and paragraphs. This series provides instruction for both oral and written Chinese. To integrate culture with language, language materials are presented in the context of Chinese culture, values, and beliefs. This series has four levels and includes: Textbook, Workbook, Teacher's Guide, Teaching Kit, CDs and CD-ROM. Both traditional and simplified characters are included in one book to meet each learner's needs.
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<urn:uuid:1a26b3f6-9f84-45e4-8975-f1b7331e666b>
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
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https://www.senseiobookstore.com/products/far-east-chinese-for-youth-revised-edition-level-3-cd-for-textbook-2-cds-%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474671.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227053544-20240227083544-00154.warc.gz
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en
| 0.954577 | 139 | 2.53125 | 3 |
In the 1800s the next significant building type emerged in Bhutan
with the large houses built by the wealthy. However, the style changed little from
the earlier Dzongs, except these were built for living and were generally only built
by the local wealthy, limited the number ever built; these are primarily found in
the country's west, in Bumthang, Paro, and Trongsa.
On a smaller scale, numerous houses were built and can still be seen in the cities
of Paro and Thimphu with a little searching or aimless wandering. Few of these hold
any historic significance and they display the same architectural features found
in other buildings in the country. However, these houses vary much more than the
Dzongs or large houses; in the south the houses are primarily made of bamboo, while
in the mountains they tend to be made from stone. Most of these local homes though
are just made of clay and wood.
Traditional architecture continues to be built in Bhutan
today as there are laws dictating the style of buildings that can be built. All
new construction must contain arched windows, multi-colored wood, and sloping roofs;
additionally, nails are not allowed.
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<urn:uuid:253f78ce-b4e3-4336-9ff4-bdf8b9226b7a>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.safaritheglobe.com/bhutan/culture/architecture/default.aspx
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00051-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.978462 | 257 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Microsoft Mathematics Released for Free Download [Education]
Microsoft Mathematics is an application that provides a set of mathematical tools which will help students get their school work done quickly and easily. With Microsoft Mathematics, students can easily learn to solve equations step-by-step while gaining a better understanding of fundamental concepts in pre-algebra, algebra, trigonometry, physics, chemistry, and calculus.
Microsoft Mathematics includes a full-featured graphing calculator that’s designed to work just like a handheld calculator. Additional math tools help you evaluate triangles, convert from one system of units to another, and solve systems of equations.
Mathematics 4.0 also comes with a friendly user interface designed with the popular ribbon interface. This differs from the Math add-in for Word and OneNote in that it has more of a learning focus than just providing equation support in documents.
You can download Microsoft Mathematics from the download link below.
Check out this site for some software ratings and reviews.
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<urn:uuid:ae1d2395-c4a4-4f80-b560-f161039f4bf6>
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CC-MAIN-2020-29
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https://www.mytechguide.org/8890/microsoft-mathematics-released-for-free-download-education/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655929376.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711095334-20200711125334-00047.warc.gz
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en
| 0.927521 | 201 | 2.859375 | 3 |
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