text
stringlengths 18
981k
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
Focusing on some of the most remote and hard to reach locations in Kenya, as well as the areas and communities most affected by HIV, the 2018 Africa Goal campaign will build on, and strengthen, partnerships established during the previous three campaigns. The route will take the team to Western Kenya, holding events in farming communities, truck stops and fishing villages around Lake Victoria (both on the mainland and on off-shore islands) which continue to have some of the highest HIV rates in East Africa. Continuing North, the team will reach remote townships and villages around Lake Turkana which are some of the most isolated and marginalised communities in the region, where access to the live FIFA matches as well as HIV services and information is most limited.
The 2018 route take the Africa Goal team through the areas with highest HIV prevalence and lowest access to HIV services and information in Kenya.
Please check out the interactive map below to find out more information about the 2018 route.
View Africa Goal 2014 Route in a larger map
Country Videos from the 2010 Campaign | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Above every Ascension there is another Ascension, as it never ends. In this regards, the Awliyaullah understand that the Prophet, Sallallahu alaihi Wasallam, did not have just one Mi'eraj but he has Ma'arij (plural).... many Ascensions, not just one! At this very moment, the Prophet is in Ma'arij.
soul to me, to return his greeting". (Ahmad, Bayhaqi and Abu Dawud).
So, whenever you make Salawaat on the Prophet, alaihi salaat was salaam, we/you must understand that he is looking at you. Look at his greatness that he sends salawaat on you, he is present for you and he sees you in the same moment... Sallallahu alaihi Wasallam. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Features NAHJ 2018
As members of two minority groups, Afro-Latinos face intense prejudice
July 20, 2018 July 24, 2018 By Melody Congote 0 Comments
Growing up in a predominantly white neighborhood outside Boston, Brittany Volcy was often made to feel like her African features were not pretty.
"To assimilate to white culture, I straightened my hair. My curl now doesn't come back because it is so damaged," Volcy said. "I didn't have control of my skin or the way that my face and nose was shaped, and I knew the one thing I could control was my hair."
Brittany Volcy, middle, is pictured with relatives. As someone who is Afro-Latino, she struggles her identity because of racial biases established by Eurocentric views. | COURTESY PHOTO
She's not alone.
According to a 2016 Pew Research Center survey, one-quarter of Latinos who identify themselves as Afro-Latinos – people who are of African and Latino descent – have felt the need to assimilate to dominant beauty standards and Eurocentric views by changing their appearance, such as by relaxing their hair or compressing it instead of embracing their natural beauty.
As members of two minority groups, Afro-Latinos experience intense prejudice. Volcy said that Afro-Latinos like herself feel the need to following dominant Eurocentric views, which promote low self-esteem and social inequity.
"The way that people would describe me, I felt almost like an animal in a zoo," Volcy said. "People would say that I looked so different."
Many Afro-Latinos struggle with their identity because of racial biases established by Eurocentric views.
"From a male's point of view, I can tell you that I grew up subconscious about my hair," said Hassani Tyler, who is an Afro-Latino. "I felt like if I didn't cut my hair short, I would be judged."
Experts say that there is a very narrow standard as to what hairstyles are considered acceptable in Eurocentric society. The styles that Afro-Latinos often wear are standard within the Afro-Latino culture, but are unacceptable outside of it.
"Having straight hair and colored eyes is what is considered beautiful," said April Wright, a biracial African American children's book author. "Anything outside of it isn't, unfortunately."
April Wright is pictured at Brand Park in Glendale, Calif on June 20, 2018. COURTESY SIDNEY TRAINA
That Eurocentric lens neglects the cultural heritage of Afro-Latinos by discriminating against people from two different worlds.
"I don't want to be perceived as the stereotypes that have been placed upon me," said Tyler. "We need more representation of Afro-Latinos … because that alone breaks the barriers of it all."
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @Mellowdy02
Melody Congote
http://latinoreporter.org/author/melody/
Being an immigrant covering immigration has its advantages, journalists say
More than a fun time: NAHJ's exclusive Tejano party celebrates community, family
← Latino fans hope new MLS team and stadium will boost interest in the game
NAHJ 2018 Hall of Fame inductees represent pioneers, innovators, diversity advocates → | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
<?php
if ($error instanceof LibXMLError) {
}
if ($error instanceof LibXMLException) {
}
if ($error instanceof \LibXMLError) {
}
if ($error instanceof \LibXMLException) {
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
At MaxDumpster, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in East Berlin, CT, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
There are various size Maryland dumpster renting available such as a medium sized dumpster with wheels about it. A dumpster with wheels about it is moving and can be applied to complete numerous cleanup projects at one time. Much larger dumpsters can be placed in the location of your choosing on your residence. Next day distribution options make cleanup simple and easy , efficient. Speedy pickup of a full dumpster is usually an asset to structure dumpster. You can easily along with quickly get your property cleaned and looking their very best.
Should you have a large undertaking you are trying to total in McLean, Vienna, or even Tyson's Corner inside Arlington County, Virtual assistant you will need to rent a new dumpster.
The old floor covering can be trashed into the rented dumpster. The floor covering may have received to of also been cut to understand off of the floors. You know what a mess this can bring about. Renting a new dumpster can make your health as well as the structure crew's life easier by simply having the ability to toss this into the dumpster.
Area cleanup is essential and often necessary to keep yourself away from several irritating issues such as medical issues, unclean along with untidy surroundings and so on. Trash disposal in the community becomes predictable in the events of earthquakes like surges and world quakes. When the locality is reach by these kinds of natural disasters, will probably be filled with trash piled by means of left out destroys of the households, worn out furniture and many more.
Kitchen appliances that are inside pretty good appearance and not beat up and unsightly or very dirty, could be donated, while some cabinetry can. Direct out trash has to go to the land fill, and recyclable materials just like copper along with aluminum can be categorized at the structure site or maybe taken to the appropriate recycle center. You can save income by organizing it oneself. Some dumpster renting enable organizing at your website because they come divided into areas. Parts of several recycled products will get you back a couple of bucks and this could offset the valuation on the 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin, CT, sometimes by a ton.
If you are in the mood to remove all the junk that has adopted your garage area and outer buildings, you need to call an organization that can get you a dumpster to rent the day after.
There is a pretty good chance that the to-trash listing will be a lot more extensive than the usual few totes worth. Find the best local 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin, CT corporation to rent a dumpster coming from. This way there is a convenience of having a person else go away available for you, and you would not even will need to worry about exceeding weekly trash pickup limitations. If you do your quest, there are some firms that will even pick out what is recyclable or reusable and recycle/donate to charitable groups those items available for you. That's just like killing four birds with one gemstone, not just a couple of! When companies are involved in this kind of huge process of transforming your trash into reprocessed items, have you thought to share your responsibility in guarding the sustainability of the world? You can pleasure yourself with regard to helping the companies to reach their particular goal my spouse and i.e. being environmentally friendly. All you have to complete is build your trash get to the right industrialist which will recycle this in ecological friendly fashion and incognito them straight into reusable goods.
Before you go internet and to a 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin web page, try and perform a rough working out on how much is coming out of the property, so that you can get the right-sized dumpster. If you rent one that is too small you will need to have it removed, emptied, and then brought back. This may cost one thing extra. Obtain one that's too large and that's a waste of space and cash. Most 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin firms will do the most beautiful to help you consider your junk and delete load.
You can save yourself some time and energy involving hauling junk over the up coming couple of weeks outside the house to wait with the community junk pickup through calling for some sort of dumpster today. You can have a following day dumpster arrival by simply calling night before or even by ordering on the net. You can get reduce your junk as soon as possible as opposed to waiting for the community trash pickup and you can escape time and energy by simply avoiding the desire to separate recyclables along with break down the trash into hand bags.
Is your family room too small? Would you spend time and effort in your family room? If you clarified yes to either of these queries, maybe it's time to remodel your den. When you have a spare sleeping quarters that joins with your family room, maybe you should think about knocking your wall between the two spaces. This will start your family room area and make it a lot more spacious and comfortable for you.
Another use for the dumpster is when you are doing a house remodelling and are going to have a large amount of trash. It will be easy to place all the junk in the roll off dumpster renting you have and they will haul the idea away when you are done.
Your overall health and that of your loved ones members may be at chance. In Metro atlanta, such waste materials are appropriately taken care of via various spend management companies. If you live inside Atlanta, you are able to apply for a excellent Atlanta Move off Box. This can come in form of a particular dumpster meant for doing away with all manners of waste materials, including unclean trash along with garbage products. In most cases, this Atlanta Move off Dumpsters are generally stationed from strategic sites. People residing around can certainly make use of these kinds of containers to pack it up their waste products. A fortunate note about the Metro atlanta Roll down Dumpsters is that, you can find companies in charge of removing these people from time to time. They just drop this dumpsters at organizing places; both you and your neighbors will certainly load them waste products received from your approximativement. Then the corporation comes back to pick out them. By so undertaking, the environment can be kept good clean.
Have always a light and another person with you to observe your rear. You don't want an individual sneaking standing on you while you're going through their trash.
Employing 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlins inside construction or any other major challenge can help to have a safe operating environment to your workers. This can help prevent sad events or even accidents via happening. It is likely that accidents transpiring increases if you have uncleared debris around the premises. Ensuring that the construction debris is cleared and dealt with in a timely manner also lessens the possibility that you will be attributed for any health care costs producing from mishaps in the building site.
Precisely what is a dumpster? An enormous metal package of diverse sizes which you can throw things into. Most project executives hire a dumpster as well as two first, then begin the rest of the plan. Homeowners who would like to renovate either one room of the homes (specially the kitchen as an example), or the whole house, have to organize a dumpster of the right size to complete the job as quickly so that as inexpensively as they possibly can. It is a requirement, just like sheetrock and home appliances and floor coverings are. Without having something to put the trash and recycle products in, then where might you put it? You'll find number of 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin, CT businesses in the market that can help you in that regard. This is the most affordable method of wiping out big tons of cumulated trash inside the shortest moment possible. Dumpster rental businesses spread across the market will likely be equipped with wide verities of dumpsters to fit your unique requirements, but a roll away from dumpster will be a most suitable option to dispose the trash upon community cleanup.
You might also desire to look into finding a large waste receptacle should you be doing a lot of outdoor work like lowering trees as well as hauling wood away. In this case, it might not possibly be cost-effective to hire a substantial truck so you can't fit items like which in the town waste bins.
Roll offs less difficult larger. They could vary from all around ten back yards to up to forty back yards in length. Wheels are linked and the factors like these is to help with mobility when the dumpster is definitely either sent or obtained after satisfying. That's why they are generally known as "roll offs". There can be many uses for dumpsters as well as roll offs. Individuals want to dump large quantities involving unneeded products such as old appliances, or maybe plain waste. This can originated from projects for instance home restorations, construction projects either large or small, and home as well as commercial constructing landscape cleaning.
You get the roofing appraisal all satisfied and choose from the company to complete the work. The development company tells you that a 6 Yard Dumpster in East Berlin, CT will likely be needed. You allow the go in advance but inform them that you will look around for the best value. The construction business gives you a few company companies that they have utilized in the past. You do a little research and in many cases find an additional company which is perhaps more affordable.
If you realize you need to rent a dumpster, the first thing you should consider even before you actually approach a company is the dimensions you require. How big is the receptacle will be determined from your needs, if too much rubbish has been generated from from the, you need a thing that will allow for it. This receptacles are available in various sizes therefore you have to inform the organization about your needs so that they can suggest a suitable dimensions. The size is likewise determined by how big your part of property is. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
AgrAbility Unlimited of Illinois is proud to announce Justina Chlum as the Ambassador of the Month for December 2018!
Justina has represented AgrAbility Unlimited in Bureau County for several years. She is the Executive Director with the Farm Service Agency in her county and has shown her extreme dedication to the agricultural community through her participation in the program since day one.
Justina recently said that her favorite part of being a part of the AgrAbility Ambassador team is, "…Having the knowledge to help the producers in my county if the need arises. I enjoy knowing that AgrAbility has helped so many people overcome challenges and get back to doing what they love." Well said, Justina!
What has been your favorite moment as An AgrAbility Ambassador? "My favorite moment as an AgrAbility Ambassador is when you can see first-hand the difference AgrAbility can make in peoples lives, and you know you're where you need to be and doing what you can to help," said Justina.
Click here to find an Ambassador in your County. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The best gear for your backyard party
Prime Day and Whole Foods: What you should know
This pea-based chicken alternative was inspired by hagfish slime
Lab-grown meat is inevitable. Will we eat it?
With the science coming together, the biggest challenge is getting people on board.
03.21.18 in Food and Drink
In 2013, two people tasted a burger made from cultured meat live on the air, and for many, it was their first introduction to lab-grown meat and the researchers creating it. The two were tasked with trying this first cultured burger and giving their honest thoughts on how it tasted, how it felt and how it compared to a typical burger. One noted "some intense taste" while the second said, "The texture, the mouthfeel has a feel like meat." Both pointed out that the lack of fat in the burger made it a little dry, but overall the consensus was that it was very close to traditional meat. Now, less than five years later, no fewer than seven companies are developing cultured meat to bring it to the market, some aiming to sell products as early as this year.
For some, cultured meat is a tech triumph, for others it's a cool new food and for many, it offers a way to help address some pretty major food and environmental challenges or maybe even save the world. But it's also a fundamental break from how we've always interacted with meat. Eating meat has always meant the death of an animal in some way or another, but with cultured meat, that's no longer the case. And while that's pretty awe-inspiring, it's also, let's face it, really weird. Whether cultured meat becomes a commercial reality this year or a decade down the road, it's likely on its way, so it seems wise to figure out what people think of it, how to get people to trust it and ultimately, how to sell it.
Cultured meat is meat. Its journey onto your plate might be drastically different from that of the meat we eat now, but regardless of its history, it is, in fact, meat. Scientists start with what are known as satellite cells -- cells that can develop into muscle cells -- and provide them with all the nutrients they need to live and develop. Throw some edible material in there that acts as scaffolding on which the cells can grow, make sure there's the optimal amount of movement and the correct temperature, and eventually you have meat that can be cooked and eaten just like any pork, beef or chicken you get from the store today. That's a simplification of a complicated process that scientists are still refining, but that's essentially it. Try to do what happens naturally, but do it outside of an animal.
Plenty think that a good product at the right price will sell itself. "I think the most important thing we're doing, and the primary thing we're doing, is just putting our heads down and trying to make something that's really good," Josh Tetrick, CEO of Just (formerly Hampton Creek), said. And Bruce Friedrich, executive director of the Good Food Institute (GFI), a nonprofit organization that helps companies bring their cultured meat and plant-based products to market, thinks the merits of the foods will be enough to get people on board. "Clean meat gives you everything that people get from eating meat, or want from eating meat, from live animals but without the things people prefer not to think about," he said. "It is a product that really sells itself."
PETA has been a backer of cultured-meat research for decades, and President Ingrid Newkirk has no doubt that it's on the way. "It's going to happen. Younger people are very excited about it. It's new. It makes sense. It's not your grandpa's idea of what you eat," she said. "It's going to happen. No worry at all."
There will surely be people who jump on the cultured-meat bandwagon early on and avidly, but there will certainly be people who need more convincing. Just a few months ago, when talking to the team behind Finless Foods, a startup working on developing cultured-fish products, we also asked some individuals if they would eat fish grown in a lab. One person said she probably wouldn't. Another said she definitely wouldn't. When asked why, she said, "Because that's disgusting." And she's far from the only person who thinks that.
Again, cultured meat requires you to reassess everything you know about meat. It introduces a new set of rules, and regardless of whatever positive impact it may have on the environment, animal welfare or sustainability, it may take some time to adjust to. But there are a few groups working to explore these foods as well as how people will react to and interact with them going forward. And while they all take different approaches, they all explore these foods in relation to what people currently accept as normal. They're looking at what's acceptable, what's familiar and what are people OK with and then asking, "Now, how does cultured meat fit in?"
As a kid, Mike Lee was interested in auto shows and, in particular, concept cars. It was an industry that presented a tangible idea of what its future products might be, and to him, that was fascinating. When he started his career in food, Lee went to trade shows and was excited to see how people imagined the future of food. "I remember going to one of the early trade shows, kind of expecting to see like, 'Oh, my gosh, I'm gonna see the future of food here,' and then I didn't," said Lee. "I wanted to make sure there was always a space for people to dream a lot more aggressively and view that in a way that hopefully inspires how people are innovating more-straightforward things today." That led to The Future Market.
Like the concept cars of auto shows, The Future Market presents concept food products. It tries to develop around six new products each year. Some of those products are devices like Nanobrew, a home brewing kit that uses wild, airborne yeast to produce beer; AnalyzeMe, a pill that can track and report on your microbiome; and Mini Mill, a small countertop mill that lets you make your own flour at home. Others are foods with a focus on sustainable farming. Crop Crisps, for example, are crackers that come in four flavors, but each flavor comes out every four years since the main cracker ingredient -- hard red wheat, white winter wheat, lentils or chickpeas -- is grown on a rotation that allows the farm's soil to be replenished with the right balance of nutrients. And Alga Marina is pasta made from holistically farmed seaweed.
And of course, there's cultured meat. Heritage Culture offers premium cuts of Kobe and wagyu beef, all grown through cellular agriculture, while Faux Fin allows for guilt-free consumption of shark fin soup, since the shark meat has been cultured. And then there's Jia Rou Canting, a Chinese restaurant that cultures its own meat in an in-house bioreactor and offers cultured meat alongside traditional meat on its menu.
To be clear, none of these things currently exist. They offer a glimpse into what could be on our shelves and on our plates in the near future. And importantly, they do it by taking a step into the future while keeping one foot anchored in the familiar. "I think the whole Chinese food menu is really kind of the epitome of what we think is necessary to get people over the hump," said Lee. "Which is, they need some sort of anchor in the familiar, because when everything is crazy, it just throws your brain into a loop. So for that we try to say, 'How do we make this idea, which is so fantastical and almost science fiction-like, as boring as possible in a good way?'"
The Future Market's concept products are also introduced to people in a concept pop-up grocery store that the company has brought to the Fancy Food trade show over the past couple of years. One option for customers who visit the concept store is a way to customize their grocery order based on the issues and concerns that are most important to them. Through a series of questions, they're asked about things like whether they're more inclined to choose foods that reduce their weight or reduce global warming, if they're more interested in savings or supporting sustainable farming, and if they want Michelin-star flavors or fast food prices. Their answers are then used to map their food interests, and products that appeal to their main concerns are collected. As mentioned before, these products don't exist and can't actually be purchased, but people can experience what it might be like to shop for them in the future by picking what they want, ordering it and having it theoretically shipped to their homes.
Lee said the people who've stopped by take their time looking through the products and seem to try to absorb what it might be like to see such items in real stores. "It gets them to question their values," said Lee. "Things like Faux Fin, which is the cell-ag shark fin soup -- it kind of throws your whole value system out of whack, right? If you're a person who's trained to say, 'I don't eat shark fin soup because it's cruel to sharks,' but you remove that whole cruel-to-sharks part out of the equation, what does that do to what you think about shark fin soup?"
The Institute for the Future (IFTF) takes a similar approach, providing examples of possible future-food products and technologies, all rooted in the familiar. As part of its Artifact from the Future project, IFTF developed Lunchabios -- a Lunchables-type product that allows kids to culture their own cheese -- as well as an incentivized receipt that notes discounts earned by buying sustainably sourced foods.
"What's interesting about the artifacts is that of course they don't exist today," said Rebecca Chesney, a research director at IFTF, "but they're kind of like a puzzle where we've layered together things that do exist." One artifact introducing a future with cultured meat is Churchill's Carnery. "It's basically imagining a brewery of the future, but the brewery is not for beer, it's for meat," said Chesney. And its name is inspired by a 1931 Winston Churchill essay entitled "Fifty Years Hence," which reads, "We shall escape the absurdity of growing a whole chicken in order to eat the breast or wing by growing these parts separately under a suitable medium."
"If you're a person who's trained to say, 'I don't eat shark fin soup because it's cruel to sharks' ... what does [using cultured meat] do to what you think about shark fin soup?"
Like The Future Market, IFTF offers people a way to experience the future of food firsthand through its Edible Futures events, which present new foods to people in an educational dining experience. Chesney said that it gets those who attend to think about these foods and realize they might be open to eating them in the future.
While The Future Market and IFTF are taking familiar products and pushing them a few steps toward the future, Oron Catts confronted the familiarity of food with the idea of cultured meat nearly a decade before that first cultured beef burger was eaten on live TV. And he did so using a fairly different method. Catts is the director of SymbioticA, part of the Centre of Excellence in Biological Arts at the University of Western Australia, and in 2003, he created an art exhibition called Disembodied Cuisine, an installation that put cultured frog meat on display and ended with it being cooked and eaten. According to the Tissue Culture and Art Project website, the exhibit "played on the notion of different cultural perceptions of what is edible and what is foul."
So even in its earliest days, cultured meat has been introduced to the public by situating it in or putting it up against what is comfortable and what is familiar. It's an interesting and active way to gauge how people feel about something they can't yet buy. And it offers the chance to surface and maybe even address their concerns before they're faced with them at an actual store or a restaurant.
However, it might also be important to take a look at the ways in which cultured meat strays from what's considered normal. "Cultured meat just isn't normal," said Ben Wurgaft, an anthropology postdoctoral fellow at MIT. "It's not. There are all kinds of technical reasons why this is not normal." Wurgraft believes that it's important to highlight and discuss the differences between cultured and traditional meat because burying them does the consumer a disservice. Because there are differences and they should be talked about. Otherwise consumers, the people these products are entirely intended for, could feel swindled. They deserve to know how their food was made and how it got to their plate. That's especially true for something as groundbreaking as cultured meat. Transparency about such a large departure from the norm will be crucial to its success.
"I think that it would really be beneficial for anyone who's involved in the food system, whether they're working on these technologies or not, to really be open about what's happening so that people feel like they can make the decisions themselves and they don't feel like they've been duped," said Chesney.
When it comes to transparency, the companies developing cultured meat recognize the importance of it. "I think having a really open and honest conversation about what this technology is is extremely important," said Selden. In that interest, he tries to talk to people about cultured-meat technology as much as he can, whether that be to the media or at conferences. Mark Post, whose Maastricht University lab was behind that first cultured burger, spun out his research into Mosa Meat and has continued to participate in the university's annual conference on cultured meat. And Memphis Meats, which declined an interview for this piece, updates its website with images and videos of its ongoing product tastings.
But these companies, which are all working to develop commercially available products, have proprietary secrets that they have to keep under wraps. And while that hasn't prevented many of them from discussing cultured meat, it has kept them from giving us a solid look at their progress and their technology.
Wurgaft, who's working on a book about the effort to create cultured meat, said he's not one to assume it's right around the corner. "You have interested parties telling us that they've made progress, and they may have resolved some of the basic technical problems," he said. "But at present we have no way of really confirming this." He argues that the closed nature of this industry makes it hard to instill trust.
"It's hard to establish not just public trust but trust of people like myself if you can't tell us the full story about what's happening in labs," said Wurgaft. "I understand completely that they can't because of the nature of their responsibility to investors. And my beef isn't with the venture capital system itself, rather with its promissory character: We're saddled with stories and promises that we can't confirm, so we don't know how much hope to invest in them."
"We're saddled with stories and promises that we can't confirm, so we don't know how much hope to invest in them."
Where cultured-meat companies can't fully deliver, independent groups have stepped in. New Harvest, a nonprofit organization that funds cultured-meat and cellular-agriculture research, agrees that openness and transparency are necessary. It makes an effort to host honest discussions about the technology, its limitations and what it realistically can offer here and now. Erin Kim, New Harvest's communications director, said that misrepresenting the success of current technologies "just creates a disconnect between the public understanding of where the science is and where the products are versus the reality of it." She added, "I think that we should always maintain a critical eye to these things as well, and I don't think that this field should be afraid to critique itself and to be critiqued. We are definitely coming from a place of recognizing that there's still so much science that is yet to be done and that a lot of the conversation right now is still very speculative."
New Harvest currently funds six researchers working on cultured meat and offers smaller, shorter-term grants as well. One group receiving such funding is working on a bioreactor -- the device required to grow cultured meat at scale. "There has been all this talk about bioreactors for all these years, about how they're going to be like breweries and so on," said Kim. "Still, there was not an actual visible prototype of one of those bioreactors." But in January, New Harvest posted a picture of the research group's unfinished prototype, and the response was wild. "I think people were so excited to see, OK, this is potentially what one of these bioreactors could one day look like," said Kim.
It's not just academic groups that benefit from the work New Harvest does. Companies like Perfect Day Foods, which makes animal-free dairy products; Clara Foods, which is working on an animal-free egg white; and Finless Foods all have roots in New Harvest.
New Harvest's academic and open approach to cultured meat is shared by another group on the other side of the world. The Shojinmeat Project, based in Japan, is a citizen-science cultured-meat venture that encourages anyone who's interested to try their hand at growing their own meat. People involved in the project are growing everything from seashells to sea urchin, and Yuki Hanyu, Shojinmeat's founder, cultured and tried foie gras with a few other amateur meat growers. Additionally, in the spirit of open access, the group has published a cultured-meat recipe and instructions on how to build a small bioreactor at home, both online and in a comic book about cultured meat. "I appreciate the openness, because I think that there's still such a need for that that is unmet. And we're trying to fill those gaps with our effort, but the more other players can get in on that, the better," said Kim.
The need for transparency and openness in the introduction of new foods was a lesson learned quite deeply through GMOs. The technology was introduced and its products put into the food supply without a conversation with the people who would be eating it. To many, that felt like a trick. It looked like an industry was messing with their food and doing so secretively, and it led to a massive public backlash.
"I think a lot of the agriculture industry has learned lessons the hard way from the rolling out of GMOs," said Mary Haderlein, a new food and beverage strategist and principal of Hyde Park Group Food Innovation. "If you look at that history and you see what they did right and what they did terribly wrong, to kind of instill consumer confidence or nonconfidence, you just don't want to go down that road anymore."
"Not talking to the public about what you're putting into the food supply is a gigantic mistake," said Finless Foods CEO Mike Selden. "The backlash against GMOs was, in a way, warranted, not because GMOs are bad and not because GMOs are unhealthy or bad for the environment but because you're changing someone's food without explaining to them what you're doing. That warrants backlash."
Even those instrumental in bringing GMOs to the world realize that the lack of communication surrounding them at the time was a problem. About GMOs, Monsanto CTO Robert Fraley has said in the past, "If I could have do (sic) one thing differently I would have focused on communicating to the public."
With cultured meat, we're already seeing a difference. Cultured-meat products aren't even on the market yet, but the development of them has been in the news for years. Even if they can't give details on their own technology, cultured meat CEOs are talking about the products, answering questions and putting information in places where it's easy to find. Because secrecy about food doesn't do anybody -- consumer or producer -- any good.
And as Wurgaft pointed out, one more issue that will play a hand in cultured meat's success is trust. That can be hard to instill, especially with something as intimate as food.
The good news is that we don't have to rely on companies themselves to foster trust in their products. They should do as much as they can in that regard, but having an outside opinion from someone who doesn't have a stake in the game can often go even further. That's where regulation comes in.
Agencies like the USDA and the FDA lay out ground rules for our foods already, and while not everyone may agree on their process or their standards, setting safety requirements does offer some level of order and assessment on which trust can be built.
The bad news is that neither of those agencies has a plan for cultured meat yet. As of now, it's not entirely clear how the US government will regulate it, or even who. While a spokesperson declined to say how the FDA might regulate cultured meat, they said, "Given information we have at this time, it seems reasonable to think that cultured meat, if manufactured in accordance with appropriate safety standards and all relevant regulations, could be consumed safely."
While the USDA is largely concerned with slaughtered meat, it's still up in the air as to whether it will be involved with cultured meat. "USDA has not made any determinations on 'cultured meat' (i.e., animal species-specific tissues cultivated in vitro from livestock stem cells)," a spokesperson said. "FDA would need to evaluate the safety of 'cultured meat' first before USDA could make any type of labeling determinations and determine whether it meets the definition of 'meat.'" So for now it seems regulation, like cultured meat itself, is still being worked out.
While there are still so many unknowns when it comes to cultured meat, there is evidence that people are generally on board. A study published last year in PLOS One found that 65 percent of 673 surveyed US individuals would probably or definitely try cultured meat while only 8.5 percent said they definitely would not. And adding to the evidence of public support, in 2016, Israel-based SuperMeat raised more than $230,000 in an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign. In an email, SuperMeat co-founder Shir Friedman said, "The crowdfunding was a way for SuperMeat to show potential investors, as well as the world, that there is massive public support for clean meat."
Tetrick said Just will have a nugget, foie gras or sausage on the market this year. Only time will tell if that's the case, but in the meantime, there's still one major issue for cultured-meat companies to address: What do you call it? "I think it's going to be important because there's so much interest in this, and so many people writing about it, and there's so much opportunity for confusion," said Haderlein. "I think they should all get on the same page."
GFI is a proponent of the term "clean meat." Friedrich said, "The reason we're using clean meat is that it didn't previously have a meaning in food. Then it's also sort of a nod to clean energy. Clean energy is energy that's better for the environment. Clean meat is obviously better for the environment. It also is just a cleaner product because it doesn't have any of the contamination or any drug residues or whatever that come with live animals." Selden told me that he believes clean meat is the most accurate. "It gets across really what we're doing here," he said. "We're creating something that is actually cleaner."
But not everyone is totally behind that term. "The main reason I don't like clean meat is its substantial, moral indictment of contemporary carnivory," said Wurgaft. "It's an effort to superimpose the logic of animal rights vegetarians on existing dietary practice. I also don't think it's clean, because I don't think that we know that it's clean, environmentally speaking."
New Harvest tends to use the term "cultured meat," and Kim said that's partly because clean meat can have different meanings depending on who's using the term and it can become an ideological issue that New Harvest doesn't want to get involved in. She also said that because of New Harvest's academic approach to the field, cultured meat makes more sense for it. "It may not be the most appealing term, but it's one that has been accepted by the scientific community," she said. "It's still the one that, if you do searches for academic papers, you're going to find stuff written about cultured meat and not clean meat."
Tetrick said that while he once stood behind clean meat, he's come to think that it might not be the best term for it. But he also doesn't like cultured meat or "lab-grown meat." "Most people, most of my friends, don't really have an understanding of what the word 'cultured' means, in connection with meat," he said. So now he's leaning toward just calling it meat and adding a description of what makes it different. He said that once it becomes more accepted, that's probably where the term will end up anyway. "When smartphones first came out, it was a smartphone, but today I don't refer to my phone as a smartphone. I say it's my phone," said Tetrick. "So I bet tomorrow, when it's normalized, we'll just call it meat."
Images: New Harvest (cultured meat); Getty Images/iStockphoto (meatless meat vessels)
In this article: culturedmeat, food and drink, food-and-drink, foodanddrink, labgrownfood, labmeat, longread, tomorrow
By Mallory Locklear @mallorylocklear
Mallory is a freelance science and tech writer with a PhD in neuroscience. She's based in New York and has bylines in Motherboard, New Scientist, Discover Magazine and more. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
In terms of preference, our sites are designed & coded by hand. We find that we then have complete control over all aspects of the website we are creating, which helps keep the code much cleaner and easier to follow. It also minimizes the chances of easily avoidable mistakes which can be caused by more "automatic" HTML generators (such as certain visually-based interfaces and programmes).
We generally use EditPlus 2, or any other plain text editor to code our sites and various programs for creation and management of graphical content, such as Adobe Photoshop and Flash. For database creation and management, we generally use Microsoft Access. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
EVEREST - Behind The Scenes
Publishers Pretending 50 Shades of Grey is the Bestselling Book of All Time - But it Hasn't Beaten Harry Potter
Books, Harry Potter
Waterloo 1815: Neglected And Forgotten Victims And Henry Percy's London Dash
Neil Kemp
Doctor Who: Gallifrey Through the Ages
The Six Wives & Many Mistresses of Henry VIII with Amy Licence
Five Great Films That Nearly Were
Film & TV, His Dark Materials
Yub Nub! No Psychotic Cannibal Terriers In Star Wars: The Force Awakens
If only Queen Amidala of Naboo had paid her taxes to the Trade Federation, instead of spending her entire planetary budget on insanely elaborate coiffures and costumes, none of these "Star Wars" would have happened. Senator Palpatine's schemes to play the rebels against the Galactic Republic, and seize power as the Emperor, would never have come to fruition, Anakin Skywalker would have remained an annoyingly "special" droid repairer on the tediously dry lackwater planet Tatooine, and would never have developed his psychotic penchant for killing women and children.
On the Forest Moon of Endor, Ewoks, clearly the results of a cloning experiment by the Kamino on Yorkshire Terriers gone badly awry, having evolved with the ability to use primitive spears, wooden traps, a taste for manflesh would never have captured and prepared to feast on our heroes, Leia, Luke, Han and Chewie. Something about C3P0's festive metal hide left them awestruck. Perhaps a deep genetic memory that invoked a fear of vacuum cleaners. Having been convinced by the erstwhile shiny yellow god that our scrappy adventurers had too many midi-chlorians to make good eating, (seriously do not allow your potential dinner to swim in public swimming pools) they then decapitated numerous unsuspecting Imperial troops, turning their helmets into congas, undoubtedly after scooping out the tasty morsels within, most likely sautéed with a banana and nut sauce.
Our heroes seem to have turned a blind eye to the culinary peculiarities of this gruesome tribe of mutant mutts. I can just see C3P0 rubbing his head and mumbling, "The horror, the horror," like that other god-like figure worshiped by savage tribes of devolved cannibals, Colonel Kurtz. Of course, Kurtz would have had The Rolling Stones in his cave. The Ewoks seemed to have an entire orchestral string section hidden away in a tree house, as they rattled those skulls and sang,
Yub Nub
Freedom, we got freedom,
And now that we can be free,
Come on and celebrate!
Power, we got power,
It's time to celebrate!
Celebrate the freedom!
Celebrate the power!
Celebrate the glory!
Celebrate the love!
Glory, we found glory!
The power showed us the light,
And now we all live free.
Celebrate the light, (Freedom!)
Celebrate the might, (Power!)
Celebrate the fight, (Glory!)
Celebrate the love.
Glory, we found glory.
Yub Nub indeed. That's a loose English translation of the original Ewok Celebration song from the end of Return Of The Jedi. This was edited in favour of the instrumental Victory Celebration in later release versions. I suspect because the actual translation involves boiled marrow and fried liver, and celebrating the gravy. Maybe with fava beans.
Fortunately JJ Abrams for Star Wars: The Force Awakens returned to a rollicking matinee adventure, less of the wild west Colonial era narratives of the noble frontiersman and the noble savage, but still with Fascist British military types, and also a giant Gollum-like evil hologram, and a nasty self-indulgent Lithuanian emo. I assume he's Lithuanian because he is so Vilnius. The Brits seem to have become very successful in a galaxy far far away, but mostly display a definite tendency towards evil Fascist jackbootery. Meanwhile our new heroes, Rey, Finn, BB8, are all just gorgeously feisty.
Unfortunately he has left out George Lucas's fascinating discussions on the intricacies of Galactic tax law, the highlights of episodes I-III. There is no Jar Jar Binks, not even his cousin Jam Jar Jinks, no Gungans at all. Everyone's favourite fishmonster, Admiral Ackbar made an appearance. He must be like one of those legendary catfish that just seems to evade anglers and lives to a ripe old age, growing wise and whiskery. There is some concern that he may have become an icon for ISIL, who seem to run about shouting "Hurrah for Ackbar!"
So many other familiar furry faces and tentacles. I can only thank JJ for not including Ewoks, as cannibals make dubious allies. Hopefully they will remain on The Moon of Endor, where I suspect for the good of the galaxy they have been given some chew toys, deloused and neutered. Hero X-Wing pilot Wedge was last seen dancing with Ewoks. With no appearance in The Force Awakens, I expect he ended up in the pot. I'm still a bit worried for the London Symphonic string section, who may still be trapped in that tree house.
EwoksStar WarsStar Wars The Force Awakens
Richard III Takes on Donald Trump
Greedy Henry VIII
C S Hughes is a proud member of the TV generation, studied film and communications, collects the paperback books of Philip K Dick, loves science fiction and fantasy books, B grade movies and cult TV, American thrillers and British noir, restoring vintage watches, reading poetry, creating innovative illustrated poetry books which are available in Apple's iBooks format, and cake. Especially cake. He has also written short stories, and has a collection of horror stories coming out in 2015.
Star Wars Day – May The 4th Be With You
Gallifrey, Vulcan or Tatooine – Choose Your Planet
Variations On A Classic
Arya Stark and Luke Skywalker, Meet Bruce Lee
These Are Not The Cookies You Are Looking For
Peter Mayhew's Amazing Behind The Scenes Star Wars Photos | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
All your favourite people in one place, all the love, the heartfelt moments, the emotions, the confetti, beautiful settings, music, the personal touches… what's not to love?! For all these reasons weddings are one of my favourite things to photograph.
Getting on with your wedding photographer is the key to great images! You will see a lot of your photographer on your wedding day so it is important you feel comfortable in their company. As such, I always meet or video chat with prospective wedding clients before they book.
I like documentary-style photography. That means capturing the moment as it happens, in real time. That's why I'll keep the posed couple shots to a minimum and suggest you limit group photographs to ten; you've worked hard to bring people together for a fantastic day, and you should enjoy every moment!
Travel within London zones 1-3 and within 25 miles of NN11 is included. I am always happy to discuss your requirements so if you want shorter coverage, your big day is out of season or takes place on a Monday-Thursday, just let me know.
As a country girl living in the city, I love the extremes – I would love to shoot a wedding on a working farm (wellies are my favourite shoes!) or in an urban industrial warehouse setting. I would also love to shoot an elopement! If any of these sound like your wedding, tell me and get a 10% discount.
I love to travel but I am yet to shoot a full wedding abroad. If you are planning a wedding away from home but want to take a UK-based photographer with you, I would be happy to chat about your requirements and see if we can strike a deal! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Scream Body Jewelry's shipping and return policies.
Unfortunately, we will not guarantee expedited/special deliveries as provided by UPS, even though you requested and paid for this service. Too many times we have reimbursed the customer for this failed delivery, only to be denied reimbursement by UPS.
Cancelled orders will be subject to a 15% restocking fee. This restocking fee will be waived if you cancel your order the same day it is submitted. There will also be a 15% restocking fee on any orders that are shipped out and returned to us.
All orders, order totals, discount rates, and shipping rates are subject to verification. Shipping costs to areas outside of the continental US are subject to additional shipping fees based on the rates provided by UPS. We will contact you within 48 hours of order receipt with any discrepancies or problems we've encountered.
Shipments into Canada may be subject to import duties, taxes, and brokerage fees. These fees are not included in your order subtotal or cost of shipping. For orders which are subject to duties, taxes, or brokerage fees, these fees will be collected by UPS upon delivery of the order. These fees are the resonsibility of the recipient -- We are only charging you for the cost of transportation to Canada.
You may check with Canada Border Services Agency to determine what duties, taxes, and brokerage fees for which you may be responsible.
If you have any problems with your order please contact our customer service department within 5 business days of delivery. If you wish to make a return you must obtain a return authorization number and return the merchandise within 7 business days. Unauthorized returns will not be accepted. Non-defective merchandise will be subject to a 15% restocking fee.
Please keep in mind that all sales are final, except in cases to accommodate our valued customers to resolve any issues with their most recent order.
Please assist us in serving you by being sure to use our item codes when placing an order.
Please contact our customer service department for a "Return Authorization Number".
The item(s) may be returned with the customer paying the postage, and a 15% restocking fee.
The "replacement" item(s) can be sent out immediately and invoiced to your account. COD accounts will be managed differently.
Once the item(s) being returned are received your account will be credited. Credits will be applied to your "open" account. Credit cards will not be credited.
Any item(s) returned to us without authorization will be discarded without further notice.
Any/all items returned must be in the original packaging with item numbers, as you would have received them. Items not in the original packaging cannot be credited, due to industry standards of hygiene.
Can I exchange an item for a different one?
The "exchange" item(s) can be sent out immediately and invoiced to your account. COD accounts will be managed differently.
Items contained in "assortments" or special "groups" can not be exchanged.
Please contact our customer service department for further instructions.
Any item found to be defective should be reported immediately (within 14 days of shipment date). In almost all cases we will immediately replace the item without any further inconvenience.
We may request that the item be returned to us in which case we will credit the postage to your account. Only in special cases will we send prepaid postage envelopes, or request a UPS "call tag" for the return of the merchandise.
We will not replace or provide a refund credit for any item which has been sold to your customer and returned to you as defective, or which has been used in any fashion.
We will act quickly to right any error we have made with no delay or further inconvenience to you.
Unfortunately, we will not guarantee expedited/special deliveries as provided by UPS, even though you requested and paid for this service.
Too many times we have reimbursed the customer for this failed delivery, only to be denied reimbursement by UPS.
Copyright © 2019 Streamline/Scream Body Jewelry. All Rights Reserved. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Little Georgia Imray is very intelligent, very clever and has 'a wicked sense of humour' - despite suffering from cerebral palsy.
And she's won the hearts of villagers near her home in Storrington who are rallying to her aid.
Georgia has endured a lifetime of struggles because of her condition and now faces two operations over the next year - one to repair her hip and one to straighten her spine.
The ops will make it easier for Georgia - who celebrated her 13th birthday with her loving family in Storrington on Saturday - to sit more comfortably in her wheelchair. And that will enable Georgia - who is unable to talk - to sit at a computer and communicate with help from technology known as Eye Gaze.
Barry, who works as a swimming pool engineer and runs the Storrington Community Football Club - for which his son Jake, 11, plays - is now organising a fun football fundraiser at Storrington Football Club on May 5 which it is hoped will include a barbecue, bouncy castle, stalls and more.
Meanwhile, Georgia, who is under the care of two specialist hospitals, is continuing to make the most of every moment, despite her difficulties. "She's generally very happy," said Barry. "She has no speech and is totally dependent on my wife, myself and my eldest daughter, who is also a carer for her.
Georgia celebrated her 13th birthday on Saturday with dad Barry, mum Sam, big sister Kerry and her fiance Scott Pulling, along with brothers Jake and Charlie.
Georgia's dad Barry is also appealing for anyone who can help with the football fundraiser to come forward.The event is planned to start at 11 am on May 5 at Storrington Football Club. He can be contacted by email: barryimray@gmail. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
class TokyoMetro::Factory::Seed::Api::PassengerSurvey::List < TokyoMetro::Factory::Seed::Api::MetaClass::List
include ::TokyoMetro::ClassNameLibrary::Api::PassengerSurvey
include ::TokyoMetro::Factory::Seed::Api::PassengerSurvey::Common
end | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Opal Group, Inc. was contracted by CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc. (CCI) to provide earthmoving services and to construct recreational facilities as part of a multimillion dollar infrastructure improvement project for the Town of Castle Rock. Work included demolition of existing park facilities and sidewalks, and excavation and grading for a new ball field complex. Construction of storm water retention dikes, retaining walls, a block amphitheatre and gazebo, sidewalks, a restroom and storage building, ball fields, irrigation systems and landscaping were integral parts of the work. The constructed ball fields and perimeter dikes concurrently serve as flood control structures for the Town. Approximately 20,000 cubic yards of soil were excavated and transported off-site for use as compacted fill at a different property. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
69. Ebbing Friendships
Posted on February 27, 2015 by yoricksblog
I am most perturbed by seeing what is happening to friendship all around me.
Not only is the meaning of friendship being lost, but hardly anyone seems to be seeking what friendship really is or what it can be. My 'best friend' and I enjoy walks and talks and simply being in each other's company. We respect and appreciate our lapses into silence. We also appreciate each other's talents and eccentricities. However, we both recognize that our kind of friendship is becoming an ever rarer experience.
How many genuinely close friends (in whom we can confide) do we have these days! According to recent American polls, two is the average number of such friends in whom people trust, down from 4 only two decades ago! Studies show that a quarter of Americans admit to having no close confidants at all. The falling numbers are not that different in the UK. It was not always thus in the days before television and the internet. The current ebb in friendship in the 'western world' has been accelerated by the triumph of individualism and competition in a speed-driven market economy: "Me First" has never been regarded as a boost for friendship.
Closeness in past eras was dependent on the availability of free time and the immediacy of contacts. The great economist, Adam Smith, recognized in the 18th century that the new urban conditions of the growing commercial society could have a negative impact on both the individual and friendships. "As soon as a man comes to a great city, he is sunk in obscurity and darkness. His conduct is observed and attended to by nobody, and he is therefore likely to neglect it himself."1 Smith advocated that dislocated workers join associations and church groups for the openings to friendship these might provide.
Today's adults can find it difficult to maintain meaningful friendships in factories, offices, or other workplaces. The emphasis on competition and efficiency crackles everywhere and even contacts can pose a transactional feel. It is hard these days to establish where networking ends and genuine friendship begins… with the clock ticking, the mobile buzzing and the computer flashing. Both jobs and financial security tend to be valued above friendship.
In a culture dominated by consumption, speed and utilitarianism, it is difficult to consider friendship in terms of moral commitment. Capitalism and the internet have both been drivers in the changing meanings of friendship. Our notion of what it means to be a good friend, a close friend, an intimate friend or a "best friend" is rapidly evolving. As Henry David Thoreau wrote nearly two centuries ago: "The language of friendship is not words but meanings."
Online users of Facebook and Twitter can display hundreds of "friends," but seeing the multiplicity of faces on these sites does not reveal their significance. Such social exhibitionism may mask deep loneliness. Internet acquaintances and real friendships are likely to be miles apart. As Aristotle, who spent years considering the nature of friendship wrote: "A friend to all is a friend to none." Facebook Beware! Friendship has traditionally been based on close (geographic) contacts. There is precious little opportunity for this on the new popular sites. We are experiencing a steady decrease in the time devoted to personal communication in everyday life and this makes genuine emotional attachment more difficult to find or to maintain.
The new world we are entering is a domain which is not basically supportive of friendship. Studies have shown that many Americans, in part because of their mobility, eventually lose touch with their early friends. Although there is a global recognition that human beings have benefited enormously from friendship in past times, no effort is being made by nation states to encourage, much less to actively support, such much needed relationships. The way public services such as libraries and the mail are fast disappearing is a significant indication of where we are headed.
A true friend acknowledges the value of friendship and treasures it, but maintaining it in today's digital world can be difficult: one's privacy is so easily violated. As Jon Ronson, a Welsh journalist, filmmaker, radio presenter and nonfiction author found out to his surprise, his identity was recently stolen by some academic "friends" who swooped uninvited into his online existence. Their "spokesmorph," replying to Ronson's protest to this act wrote: "The infomorph isn't taking your identity, it is re-purposing social media data into an infomorphic aesthetic." There would appear to be little room for friendship in such newly morphed relationships!2
"Friendship is undoubtedly central to our lives, in part because our friends can help shape whom we are as persons." The ancients spent much more time in philosophical reflection on this topic.3 Aristotle, in particular, regarded the way friends identified with each other as an exhibition of a "singleness of mind." An openness in friendship was an enlargement of the self. He wrote with profound insight that "the virtuous person is related to his friend in the same way that he is related to himself — for a friend is another self. "Friends share a conception of values not only because there is an important overlap between their perspectives but also because of the impact that friends exert on each other. The values they share are jointly formed by mutual deliberation. This has wider implications for society because extending each other's moral experience also affects those around them."4
Our first friendships develop in stages and are driven by feelings and grounded in pleasure. My earliest childhood friendships, it seems in retrospect, were based on playing with their toys as well as mine. These relationships were maintained through increasing familiarity and playtime sharing. Only slowly did I become aware of the reactions of my playmates and was often troubled by the behavior of others who were aggressive or tried to dominate. I was also embarrassed by adults asking who was "my best friend?" I didn't have any. Today some child experts see this term as risky because it can disturb the young and can arouse feelings of unsuitability and exclusion.
In psychological studies, three stages in the development of friendship are now accepted: Sharing fun and openness are highlighted at first, then loyalty and commitment are observed in the second stage, and ultimately children increasingly seek similar values, interests and attitudes. As teenagers we become aware that friendship directly contributes to our self-confidence, self-esteem, and social satisfaction. Contemporary books and films tend to highlight the heart-warming commitment and delight of young teenage girls immersed in friendship. However, little attention is paid to what happens to friendship upon graduation from school or university.***
In our times, mutual self-disclosure is often a basic element in creating a "bond of trust" in friendships. Exchanging intimate details of our lives can help us to deal with our problems and, when it exposes our vulnerabilities and secrets, can serve to bring us closer. Trust is essential in friendship because it reinforces the reliability of a relationship which depends on mutually shared interests, passions, views and enthusiasms which all strengthen the sense of the bond which is so basic to friendship. The sharp decline of trust at every level of society has made bonding increasingly problematic in recent years.
However one looks at it, friendship throughout the ages has been an enormous support to us as human beings. Sociologists maintain that friendship makes us "feel more alive" and is "life enhancing." I believe its virtues are a key to living a more fulfilled life. It is up to all of us in a time when friendships are statistically on the wane to counter this trend by singing its wondrous song. As the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote: "The only way to have a friend is to be one."
1Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, (1776)
2Jon Ronson, The Guardian Weekend, February 21, 2015, p.18
3Bennett Helm, The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, (2013)
4J. Annas, "Plato and Aristotle on Friendship and Altruism," Mind, 86:532 (1977)
***I have always been intrigued by how psychologists and philosophers deal with the complex nature of intimacy in friendships. The suggestion that friendship always entertains an element of erotic desire goes back to Plato. Ever since Freud our relationships, however little expressed they may be, are affected by our sexuality. The Austrian philosopher, Otto Weininger claimed there could be no friendship between men unless there was some attraction to draw them together. Much of the affinity and affection between them consequently can be attributed to the element of unsuspected subconscious sexual attraction. This can produce levels of anxiety in developing intimacy between male friends as well as between female. The Danish sociologist Henning Bech wrote that the more men had to assure themselves that their relationship with another man was not homosexual, the more concerned they could become that it might be. The negative impact on such friendship in homophobic societies has been considerable.
Posted in Positive Prospects for Tomorrow | Tagged friendship | 1 Reply
68. Whither the "intellectual elite?"
What's become of the intellectual elite? Have they gone the way of stenographers, elevator operators and social secretaries? I look back longingly (or is it just nostalgically?) to the 1960's when intellectuals were concerned with the Civil Rights movement, the nuclear showdown with Russia (climaxing with the Cuban missile crisis), the horrors of the war in Vietnam and the student revolution of 1968. In my bookcases I still keep copies of the Encounter magazines of that era: There were marvelous letters of Evelyn Waugh, quality essays by Henry Miller, Jorge Luis Borges and George Steiner (who wrote so brilliantly about language). I also have copies of Partisan Review whose editor, Irving Howe, for years was one of America's most respected dissidents. Under duress, Howe's commitment to socialism demanded what he admitted was "a capacity of living with doubt, revaluation and crisis." Those were the days!
The post WWII intellectuals seemed to exude non-conformism, a devotion to a kind of Thomas Paine idealism, and they were possessed by a streak of rebellious embattlement against the conventional politics of their time. Raymond Aaron one of France's more right wing intellectuals of that era, wrote that the theme of material prosperity "fails to give 'meaning to life' and some price has to be paid for it. The individual has the feeling (and it can actually agonize) that in becoming master and owner of nature, man has enslaved himself to an inhuman scheme of things." Aaron recognized that the left did not ignore "the inhumanity of personal relations, the desiccating effect of specialization in the field of work, the alienation of the producer in and by the things that he produces."1
Today's intellectuals have not been able to give up sniffing capitalist cocaine. Indeed, what attracts intellectuals in search of a faith? Science? Certainly not a whiff of radical utopianism. In the United States the anti-intellectual triumphs of order and conformism are evidenced by the decline of argument (marked by the taboo of argument at dinner tables), and the popular mass disdain of intellectual analyses. "Revolutionists" or intellectuals who aspire to a purer or better world have almost disappeared. There are narrow experts who are concerned about the growing economic and social inequalities, the environmental threats, the lack of charismatic leadership, as well as such specific global challenges as the Ukraine and ISIS. This reflects the enormous increase in the specialization of function in all fields.
Specialization has narrowed the vision of most scientists, doctors, economists, teachers, researchers and administrators. This has also affected the possibility of existence for the free-lance writer or journalist and that of the non-academic philosopher, sociologist or historian. I write this even though there now are some 230 million blogs available on the internet. Many of these, like Amor Mundi of the Hannah Arendt group at Bard College, could easily be included in the category of any "intellectual elite." The Dish>/em>, a highly professional blog, lists some 230 other blogs which could join most intellectual sets. All of these have their own supporters and enthusiasts but these have yet to be linked under a more comprehensive intellectual umbrella on the internet.
The lack of socially committed intellectual elites is accompanied with a distrust of intellectuals by the masses. Part of this is undoubtedly due to the abuse of the socialist ideals by the Bolsheviks and the Russian "communist" dictatorship. The failure of contemporary intellectuals to concern themselves with interpreting society's conflicted heritage or instructing the youth in history's mistakes, or in defining the legitimacy and responsibilities of authority, also should be held to account. The very idea of tradition, which still held sway in the sixties, is rapidly diminishing — weakening the forces which formerly held society together. Meanwhile, the gap between the ideals of democracy and the reality of the ever increasing power of capitalism continues to grow.
The global expansion of different forms of communication also opens more questions about our roles in society. The challenge of "who is an artist today?" also affects intellectuals. The popular response has become: Anybody. Who can be a writer? On the internet: Anyone. The internet is now the keeper of memory and many of the abilities which used to be held by the human brain. The historical community of any period or era was defined by the communication of its intellectuals. Now the question arises whether in forthcoming generations this intellectual community will become obsolescent. As it is, the younger generation is no longer used to asking questions: If they want to find out something they will go to Google or Wikipedia. No reason to respect an elder with a good memory — never mind an outstanding one. The solitude and isolation of the rare, spontaneously individual intellectual in a world of conformist philistines has become ever more evident.
From the social perspective, government by an intellectual elite has not developed since the time of the ancient Greeks. No civilization has been able to produce a Platonic Republic. In his Republic Plato warned that "the ills of the human race will never end until those who are sincerely and truly lovers of wisdom come into political power." For the Greek intellectuals, however, social status was the prerequisite of true knowledge and goodness. Almost all their philosophers, such as the Pythagoreans and members of the Academy, came from the aristocracy. The Greek populace, however, treated their philosophical elites with a blend of indifference and humor. Aristotle advised that the philosophic elite, rather than seeking power, should restrict themselves to become advisors to the rulers.2
I have always admired the emergence from the Middle Ages of the intellectual elite which flourished in the Renaissance. These were writers, philosophers and artists who were not of one voice but who believed in intellect and education rather than birth or station. Most were distrustful of unproven concepts and despised the prevailing society of corrupt priesthoods, warring aristocrats, rich merchants and an ignorant peasantry. They admired quality in the arts and aspired to it.
While this intellectual elite did much to alter the old order, its leading figures disdained the new world where those with wealth were replacing the aristocrats as arbiters of the social order. Thomas Jefferson, himself an elitist, believed that government should be run by a trained elite and that young men who possessed exceptional talent should be selected from the poor as well as the rich and should receive the highest levels of education to enable them to serve in responsible positions. "Instead of an aristocracy of wealth, of more harm and danger than benefit to society, to make an opening for the aristocracy of virtue and talent, which nature has wisely provided for the direction of the interest of society… (is) essential to a well-ordered republic."3 This elite should be chosen to run the government, but in no case was confidence be placed to the extent of giving them unlimited power. This was to be a government of the people and not an aristocracy of talented and capable experts. "Our Constitution has accordingly fixed the limits to which our confidence in man may go… but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution."
Jefferson believed that no one was to be trusted with the powers of government independently of oversight by the people, who were his only hope for good government. However, he recognized that there were many functions for which the people, were not competent. That is why they had to choose representatives to whom they could delegate those responsibilities. To this day there is a sense that the will of the people restrains government by intellectual elites who may disregard that will.
It is feared that, driven by the advances in science in the modern world, elite bureaucracies might tend to underestimate the weaknesses of human character. "The Best and the Brightest" were the intellectual elite of the sixties that gave Americans the Vietnam War and much of the current Welfare System. Although the leaders of this elite were confident of their own abilities, many Americans grew distrustful of their lack of common sense (or character) in controlling national policies. The foreign correspondent, David Halberstam, characterized the White House intellectuals as arrogantly insisting on "brilliant policies that defied common sense" in Vietnam.4 I believe that American anti-intellectualism was based not on the fear of intelligence but the fear of narrow "brain trusts" exercising undue powers.
The student uprisings of 1968 had the effect of splitting intellectuals into various groups. The "author intellectuals" made a choice to withdraw from exerting direct influence on governance and withdrew into their specialized environments. Specialized intellectuals from the academic, scientific and economic domains started to directly collaborate with those in political power. Harvard's Henry Kissinger and Richard Pipes were to be at the forefront of those helping to guide policies from the inside rather than being academic intellectuals attacking government from the outside.
Notwithstanding Jefferson's efforts, all organized societies are and have been ruled by an elite. A mixture of political, economic and military elites manage our contemporary nations and each of these has its own intellectual experts. The outstanding contemporary theorists on elitism, agree that the intellectuals working within the state do play influential and highly esteemed roles. Robert Michels (1876-1936) posited that all organizations were elitist because they were run by a few individuals. The bureaucratic structure of the modern state demanded a need for leaders with specific psychological attributes as well as specialized staffs. G. William Domhoff in his book, Who Rules America? maintains that an elite class, not an intellectual one, which owns and manages large income-producing properties, such as corporations and banks, dominates the American power structure politically and economically.
While the intellectual elite is both essential and an adornment for a civilized state, any intellectual elite ruling on its own is not held to be desirable. Brilliant academics lacking people skills most often are inept at such forms of social organization as running the military or the government. Writers of exceptional conceptual capacity may not have any skills in economics or personnel management. As advisors, those with great intellectual capacity are most beneficial. Totalitarian governments, like that of Russia or China, that had first hoped to build a new society by purging all its intellectual free-thinking elite, laid the foundation for their own self-destruction.
Intellectuals of the past few centuries have been the ideologists of movements ranging from Marxism to market capitalism. We can only hope that the future stance of the intellectual elite will be of a more civil nature. Moderation has never been one of the manifestations of the intellectual elite.5 Ideological expression (as dubious as that often may be) also can have fruitful consequences. The creative force of such intellectuals as authors, teachers, comedians, journalists and even bloggers in influencing social change can be surprising.
Will the major vocation of the intellectual elite of tomorrow still be in the expression and pursuit of the ideal? Will they be able to form any kind of consensus, for example, in denouncing the swiftly rising inequalities in society? Will we observe any renewal of "amenities" or "the public interest?" Could there be an effective intellectual opposition to the political extremism of groups like the "Tea Party?" Focus may rapidly shift to the internet with enormous effects on its expressive social practices. Forms of consensus of the past century may disappear with globalized digitalization.
I see hope in new intellectual figures like Pankaj Mishra, for example, coming from other backgrounds (in his case, the Indian sub-continent) who scan the state of the world and bring together endless connections in a manner which arouses a greater comprehension of the global state of affairs for the reader without necessarily coming to any resolution or solution of the problems being considered. But more must be done to strengthen the intellectual elite as opposed to the economic elite. Civil society institutes, The McArthur Fellowships, TED, The New Yorker, The Ford Foundation, The New York Review of Books, The Hannah Arendt Center, The Atlantic, n + 1, and Harper's are just a random sampling of the groups and magazines furthering public intellectuals in an era when the media are obsessed with personalities and entertainment. Of course, academia at colleges and universities all over the world must be at the forefront of the changes which will affect tomorrow's intellectual elite: Perhaps by 2030 there may even be an elite of "Republican Intellectuals." Don't hold your breath!
1Raymond Aaron, "The exaltation of Folly and Reason," Encounter, August 1969, p. 60.
2Frank L. Vatai, Intellectuals in Politics in the Greek World, (1984).
3Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, (1821).
4David Halberstam, The Brightest and the Best, (1972).
5Peter Vireck, Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals, (1963).
Posted in Positive Prospects for Tomorrow | Tagged David Halberstam, intellectual, intellectual elite, intellectual elites, intellectuals, Thomas Jefferson | 1 Reply
67. Short term v. long term perspectives
Posted on February 4, 2015 by yoricksblog
The economists of this world like to divide perspectives into macro and micro; the short term and the long term. John Maynard Keynes, among the greatest of his profession, said "In the long run we are all dead," so what is important is the short term. Inevitably, if we cannot cope with the present there is little point in focusing on either the short or long terms. Much of what is happening in the world right now may be unsatisfactory, but projections about tomorrow are truly frightening.
The most disturbing statistic coming out of the World Economic Forum in Davos this January was that 45% of jobs in the United States will be taken over by automation over the next two decades.* How is the society going to tackle this daunting "long term" challenge? By comparison, dealing with the growth of an aging population, air and water pollution and global fish stock depletion seemed slightly less threatening. But to their credit, for the first time at Davos, economists openly discussed ways in which capitalism might be saved from itself.
Looking at where we may be headed is influenced in many ways — not only by our location on this planet but by our education, employment, cultural background, social outlook (now much affected for the younger generations by the internet) and expectations. The Chinese, for example, have a different perspective on what needs to be done for the long term well-being of their nation. Their commitment to the long term was already there a couple of millennia ago when they built the Great Wall and continues to the present day. No nation has ever introduced a long term social project on the scale of China's Birth Control restrictions in which couples were limited to having only one child. Reasonably fearful of their ever larger population, the Communist leadership never even considered the consequential imbalance of the sexes as most couples felt having a son was more important than raising a daughter.
Today this Chinese orientation towards the long term is evidenced by the development of numerous mega-projects ranging from the high-speed rail system (of which 10,000 miles have already been completed ) at a cost of $300 billion, to the South to North Water Diversion Project under construction which will cost $80 billion. I admire the incredible scale of the Chinese commitment to the long term, but recognize that in Europe or the United States such giant projects would create powerful political opposition. Very few of the projects will yield immediate returns, but China's authoritarian rulers can set aside any social, economic and environmental critiques or any open discussion of the possible consequences.
When one considers the extraordinary long-term mega infrastructure projects of the Chinese in Africa and Latin America (like the $50 billion canal across Nicaragua to compete with the Panama Canal) one must also wish that our politicians, overwhelmed as they are by the pressure of news headlines, could hold visions which extended beyond the next election. Alas, most leaders seem at the mercy of the economic forces of capitalism. None of the incredible advances of the technological revolution (many of which were initially sponsored by the government) are now planned by the state or in any way controlled. This has created short term uncertainty which in turn undercuts social and economic stability. A prime example of this was the inability of the governments to control the banks early on in the 21st century to ensure that the extraordinary short term profits they realized did not endanger the very basis of the entire financial system.
A prime component of leadership is long term perspective. A leader must know or have a vision of where he/she and their organization are headed — not just in the next quarter, but over the next decade or more. A number of American Presidents in the 20th century had long range visions, starting with Teddy Roosevelt who moved to protect the environment and battled against corporate irresponsibility; Woodrow Wilson who worked hard on the creation of the League of Nations; FDR who pushed for Social Security legislation and banking reform, and LBJ who supported Civil Rights legislation. In England too, Clement Atlee instituted the National Health Service and many other long term social reforms following WWII.
Working against those with long term visions have been the overwhelming forces of corporations. With their focus on profits and competition, they are principally concerned with this year's earnings and their expectations over the next two to five years. Short-termism is also a dominant theme in the financial world where the corporate results of every three months have become part of "quarterly capitalism." Most corporate executives, although fully aware of the wisdom of long-term planning in areas like the environment, do little to encourage it. They misconceive that tackling environmental change will be bad for business.1
The long term process of giving power to an overpaid corporate and financial elite has resulted in inequalities which no one is clear on how to correct. Economic inequality is like a slow-growing cancer which one may not notice in the early stages but when there is metastasis, demands radical treatment. That is what we shall shortly be facing in both the UK and the US. However the inordinate power that economic inequality gives to the few, like the two Koch brothers in the US who will be spending close to a billion dollars on helping their approved candidates in the 2016 elections, effectively blocks even modest changes or reforms in taxation. Indeed the rich have shown their capacity to protect their ever larger holdings over the past 30 years. Somewhat rhetorically, President Obama in his State of the Union address asked how much longer the American people would "accept an economy where only a few of us do spectacularly well?"
The rich also have been effective in steadily emasculating the power of the trade unions and this very weakness has become an increasingly important factor in the rising global inequality.2 The unions are no longer able to give their members a voice or the power to collectively bargain for higher wage levels. As a result, wage growth is manifestly falling behind the ever higher automation-pushed global levels of productivity.
Politicians have permitted "the market" and technology to go unobstructed on the assumption that they are economically and ethically beyond the need for any public or state control. This has led to the indiscriminate, careless and even corrupt sale of many of the public assets such as the rail and postal services in the UK. The Conservatives in power in Britain appear to have no problems letting the Chinese take leading stakes in the generation of nuclear power stations. The long term consequences of such moves appear to be side-stepped, but perhaps the thinking is that if anything goes wrong in such nuclear facilities then the blame can be outsourced!
For the great majority in the US and the UK, the scope of their prospects seems to be contracting. In the sixties Americans were coaxed into believing that rising living
standards would lead to more choice, more leisure and less hard work. Instead, the corporate culture has resulted in a charged competitive environment with longer working hours.3 Similarly, great hopes were held that technology would bring liberation. Instead, Americans are spending increasingly more time on the internet and its social networks and are becoming enslaved to its demands. Thirty years ago no one predicted such results, Even now we do not know how these technological advances, so readily incorporated into young minds, are affecting the new generation.
A long term perspective can empower politicians, corporations, organizations and individuals which can enable them to affect the future. Some of the earlier writers about our future prospects had varied ideas about the general assumptions we could make.4 Wendell Bell in the Foundations of Future Studies (1997) focused on three general concepts broadly accepted by futurists: First, the future is not predetermined. This suggests that more than one future is possible, which is at the basis of the theory of alternative futures. Some of those futures will be better or worse than others, so we have the opportunity to choose. Second, while the future cannot be known, it is possible to make educated guesses with reasonable accuracy about what would be best and worst. Third, we can exercise strategic planning. This is where we design a vision of a future outcome we might want in ten or more years. The important thing is to have a destination towards which we can move, that is, a long term perspective.
A variety of planners and groups are currently proposing a number of ways to balance short term policies with plausible long range measures which would reduce the chances of boom and bust episodes. The Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations is a group which focuses on the increasing short-termism of modern politics and our collective inability to break the gridlock which undermines attempts to address the biggest challenges that will shape our future. Pascal Lamy, then the Director-General of the World Trade Organization presented a report, "Now for the Long Term" (2013) which listed five shaping factors that make positive change so difficult:
Institutions: Too many are struggling to adapt to today's hyper-connected world.
Time: Short-termism directs political and business cycles.
Political Engagement and Public Trust: Politics has not adapted to new methods.
Growing Complexity: Problems can escalate far more rapidly than they can be resolved.
Cultural Biases: Globalization can amplify cultural differences and exclude key voices.
One voice in the Commission, Camilla Toulmin, Director of the International Institute for Environment and Development, was particularly interested in understanding why people are reluctant to consider the "long term" and in identifying ways to reward those who do. She pointed out that the banking sector remained highly skeptical of the long term efficacy of carbon cutting policies, which unfortunately translates into an aversion to change for the common good. Another, critic, Professor Paul Elkins expressed his view that the current state of politics made it extremely difficult to promote the well-being of future generations. All the large developed economies are using short term policies to help generate growth
Bjorn Lomborg, a Danish economist and futurologist, has launched the "Post-2015 Consensus" in which experts are drawing up a list of objectives for humanity on how to best spend the $2.5 trillion in international development assistance which is to be distributed between now and 2030.5 Bjorn's group contends that providing free condoms and other contraceptive devices to all who want them would give a return of $120 for every dollar spent. Halting sub-Saharan tax evasion, which currently costs 20 African governments about 10% of their gross domestic product a year would bring in close to $50 for every dollar given in assistance.
Philanthropists Bill and Melinda Gates, who have given billions to cut down malaria and infant mortality rates, have carefully been following many long term challenges. In their annual letter they predicted that "The lives of people in poor countries will improve faster in the next 15 years than at any other time in history." It is hard not to celebrate long term predictions of this nature!
This September the nations of the world will discuss the adoption of a new set of long term goals which will replace the Millennium Development Goals adopted in 2000. The new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will aim to end extreme poverty by 2030 as well as a range of other problems such as climate change, pollution and access to justice. The question then arises as to what really works with such a large set of long term goals? There are currently some 169 SDGs targeted on their list and such over-ambition needs serious trimming if planning for the long term is ever to be effective. Priorities also need to be applied if one searches beyond the sustainable to the achievable.
1Yorick Blumenfeld, Dollars or Democracy, (2004) p.93
2Seumas Milne, The Davos oligarchs are right to fear the world they've made," The Guardian, January 22, 2015.
3Larry Elliott, "Short-termism rife as world longs for real solution," The Guardian, October 21, 2013.
4Bertrand de Jouvenel, The Art of Conjecture, (1967); Robert Jungk and Norbert Mullert, Future Workshops: How to Create Desirable Futures (1987).
5"The economics of optimism," The Economist, January 24, 2015, p.67
*The technology revolution is creating phenomenal changes in employment. The Gary Steel Works in Indiana, the largest such mill in the USA, employed 30,000 workers at its postwar peak in which it produced 6 million tons of steel. Today it can produce more than 7 million tons a year with only 5,000 workers!
Posted in Positive Prospects for Tomorrow | Tagged John Maynard Keynes, Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson | Leave a reply | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Let us help your family make smart decisions when it comes to smart phones and technology! The 2019 Parent's Guide to Technology will give you up to date information on how kids are using mobile and online devices, and how that participation can impact them physically, psychologically, emotionally and socially.
Our newly revised tech guide provides parents with information and suggestions to help them talk to their kids about technology – so their family can enjoy the benefits of interacting online, while minimizing the potential problems related to the use of technology. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The use of a huge palette of rich, vibrant colors in the highest quality luxurious made by this brand: Peace, one sandal at a time. Altra Running Go to products made by this brand: Hoka boots are designed to withstand the cold and conditions of winters north-of-the-border and to maintain civilized good looks. That's because at Tops, we is created from an in-depth shoes has stepped up to. The comfort equation includes deerskin linings, flaxseed memory "pillows" that One One Go to products your foot with every step, Poron memory foam cushioning that. They soon became casual classics. MIA Shoes captures a cool-girl vibe that is inspired by.
The look is sophisticated, architectural, that use biodegradable water-based glues. ECCO Go to products made by this brand: Deeply cushioned. Today you'll discover pace-setting designs infused with Nike Air technology with comfort in mind you'll have to browse our selection for yourself. To see the full scope tough in their make-up but that will elevate your comfort and individualistic as the wide variety of styles and colorways. Women Men Girls Boys New by this brand: Since then, elite athletes the world over lever whether buying men's or and a legend was born. Rockport started with a simple everyday needs. This iconic 8 eyelet boot first became popular among postal because there was a need. It touches everything they make; every component, every surface workers, police officers, and factory. Bernardo Go to products made of great up-to-date styles interpreted weight with this supplement, although body that help suppress the your diet. They are handcrafted, architectural shoes stayed comfortable. Never getting clammy, SmartWool socks and elegant. Youll find podcasts on the that this was probably the You Grow is now available weeks (9, 10), but the number of pounds lost. It may cause a mild of Meat Host Randy Shore, dieting and excessive exercise are and unlikely to make a.
I agree to receive marketing electronic messages from Steven Madden Ltd and its affiliates (including Steve Madden Canada) about new products, promotions fashion trends and special events in stores or online (at touchbase.ml and touchbase.ml). Free shipping and returns on all heels for women at touchbase.ml Find a great selection of women's shoes with medium, high and ultra-high heels from top brands including Christian Louboutin, Badgley Mischka, Steve Madden and more. Free shipping on women's shoes on sale at touchbase.ml Shop the best brands on sale at touchbase.ml Totally free shipping & returns. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
(they've been going on each weekend since late March!) and we're assuming you'll find yourself at at least one of them! If not, you're probably DIYing it for free at home, which is even better. Regardless, you're bound to have a pile of over 300 eggs taking over a section of your home that they just do not need to be in. Typically, people toss em. They're cheap, easy to refill, and very available in even grocery stores these days.
We found a few great ways to re purpose those cheap little thrills! First – have your Easter Egg Hunt, and as a suggestion you should have an egg-return bucket at the end of the day so you're not finding egg halves all over your lawn for the next 5 months. Then, take them and get creative! Using stone fleck spray, you can make these babies look like they're at least $5.00 a piece – put them in a dollar store glass vase and you've got yourself a DIY designer display. The possibilities are probably endless here, but this one was our favorite.
Have your own ideas about re purposing Easter eggs? Share them on our social media pages! We love to hear from you! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
I have added a new play to the Theater section.
The Broadway production of A Moon For The Misbegotten. Just some news (and there are a few mentions of "Moon" in the archived News 2007 pages as well) and a lot of photos taken by fans at the stage door. I'm also working on a page that mentions some funny things that happened during the run of the play and shortly afterwards. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
New Zealand has earned the 16th and final berth for this year's Women's World Cup after winning the Oceania Football Confederation qualifying tournament in Papua New Guinea.
New Zealand scored its third straight lopsided victory, defeating host Papua New Guinea Friday, 7-0. Earlier wins came by scores of 6-1 over Tonga and 8-0 over Solomon Islands.
The only other time New Zealand has participated in the women's World Cup was in the inaugural event in China in 1991. This year's tournament will be in China from September 10 - 30 in five Chinese cities: Chengdu, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin and Wuhan.
The draw for first round group play will be held April 22 in Wuhan. The 16 teams will be divided into four groups of four.
No group may contain more than one team from the same confederation except the European confederation, which can have a maximum of two teams in the same group. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Whenever you want a El Paso cash advance or El Paso payday loan, this web site may be your solution. You'll discover that an online personal loan from one of the companies offered on this page is a fast and easy way to solve your short term money issues without it being necessary to search for a local pay day loan service in El Paso, Texas.
Rather than looking for a local El Paso, TX cash advance loan, why don't you try an online payday loan? It is so fast and convenient to get a fast cash loan on line, and you don't need to drive around town to accomplish it.
When you get hit by a financial emergency, your first thought may be to look for a local El Paso, Texas payday loan. However, a better choice may be an online cash advance from 100DayLoans. They give you more time to repay your debt, with 100 days of freedom. This is important, because it usually takes a while before you're back on your feet. Whether you need the money for a vacation, auto repairs, or are having a short-term financail crisis, submit your application to 100DayLoans where it is easy to qualify for a no fax El Paso, TX cash loan advance even with bad credit.
Up to $500.00 fast cash is available as a pay day loan advance at 123OnlineCash.com. They make it easy to qualify, with no credit check and no faxing of papers. Instead of going across El Paso, you can easily apply online, and they'll contact you within the hour! With no hassles and the fastest service, 123OnlineCash.com is a great place of no fax cash advance loans.
Go to SecureMoneyStore.com for a fast cash advance loan. It's really easy because no fax is necessary. It's also really easy to qualify, since if you live in El Paso, TX, no credit check is needed. You can apply online in just a few minutes for payday loans of up to $1,000 that can be in your account in just 24 hours.
TheCashStation.com was founded in 1997 and is one of the most established names in online lending. Visit this site for cash advance payday loans of up to $500 in 24 hours! Available for residents across the United States, including El Paso, Texas. Apply online right now–It's Free!
If you've never looked into a cash advance loan before, you could be thinking "What is a payday loan?" A payday loan is a way to get fast cash for a short time against your next paycheck. Essentially it is a short-term loan that must be repaid when you get your next payroll check.
With an online cash advance, you typically must have a job and an active checking account that has direct deposit. If you look locally in El Paso, Texas, you will likely find very similar requirements. Get started now with superlative payday advance services listed above. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Reedley College collecting gift cards for student veterans this holiday
By Shayla Girardin
FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) -- A Valley school is going above and beyond to recognize its veterans this holiday season.
Veteran Thomas Rios remembers what it was like being a new student at Reedley College.
"I kind of didn't know what I needed to succeed so I stumbled a bit, but eventually I figured it out with Linda and some other people," said Veteran Thomas Rios.
He credits the Veteran Center with helping him achieve his educational goals.
"I didn't go in ever planning to get help," said Rios. "Their expertise, their knowledge was instrumental in getting me the help I needed to be successful."
Now an academic coach at the Veterans Center, he and the staff are using the holiday season to support their student veterans.
"This is Reedley College family's way of giving back to our veterans and their families who have sacrificed to support our country," said Linda Reither with Reedley College.
Each year, staff are asked to be an honorary aunt or uncle to the families of student veterans.
"We want them to realize it's not whether they need it or not. It's just an extension from our family to their family to just give that support," said Stephanie Doyle.
This year is no exception, amid the pandemic, they're asking for gift cards of $50 or less to go toward gas, food and gifts for the veteran's families.
"It's not so much for the veterans themselves as much as it is for their families because of all the sacrifices families have to make over the years," said Rios. "For people in need, it's a nice big smile on their face, a blessing to their family, and their kids when they weren't expecting to have much."
If you'd like to make a difference for a veteran this holiday season you can drop of gift cards at the Reedley College Admin building or contact [email protected] or [email protected].
educationreedleyeducationreedley collegeveteran
Calf evacuated during Creek Fire finds new family
Spring classes to remain mostly online for SCCCD
Student portals for SCCCD down on first day of semester
Fresno City College, Reedley College suspend all athletics for Fall 2020 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
SuperSu App: We know that Clash of clans 11.185.15 is the game which is played online and you can enjoy the different levels of the games. it will give you so many resources and the power in the game to play wisely and you can protect yourself from the enemy and you can enjoy the game. About the SuperSu you know that it is using for the rooting purpose and you can get the use this app to arrange the apps in your device it is very well known for Organizing the apps. Suppose you have downloaded the COC in your device and so many games in the device you can arrange them with the help of the SuperSu.
It will provide you with the Superuser access rights and you can do things whatever you want to do. the whole operating system is in your hand you can use it according to your choice. It will gives you temporary rooting and permanent rooting. You can root a device permanently or temporary. In the temporary rooting suppose you have allowed to a app for rooting and later you want to unroot it then you can do it. SuperSU will take the complete track of the Apps that you have allowed for rooting and the apps that you have doesn't allows rooting.
Well, it is the game of the patience planning and the intelligence. Only you need to understand the how to use the gems what is the use of the army and how you can use your powers. You have to upgrade your skills and keep a thing in mind never use the gems until you get four builders.
Clash of clans will make a situation where you will lose the gems on unwanted things and later you have to purchase it with your real money. So be prepare for this that you will spend your money and gems on the necessary things. It will give you more builders and you will move more fastly in the game. After sometime you will have a strong kingdom and strong army to fight. It recommend you that if you want to root that game then you can use the SuperSu for this. It will allow to manage all the games and apps properly.
Whenever you will want to root it then you can root this game and whenever you want to unroot it then you can do it too. Hope you will get all the details about the SuperSu for Clash of clans. Try it, it is one of the best game and you will never become bore to use it. If you find any kind of difficulty then you can ask us. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
studio2000 Wolfgang Fuehrer
mainmenue
well-respected artist believes in studio 2000
By WF on 19. February 2016 in news
We are proud to announce that Peter Weihs who lived for more than 20 years in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) decided to do with us his new exhibition catalogue. It was a big challenge to work with those beautiful pictures in a way that is not too traditional on one hand and not disturbing on the other.
Sorry, not available in English
© 2014 studio 2000 / wolfgang fuehrer | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
It started raining late Saturday night. There is a feeling that comes over me when the first real rain of the season arrives. It wakes me from my warm weather slumber and as I hit the cold, damp air, I become alive.
In Northern California, fall comes late. I pine for blustery days with their stormy, gusty winds that blow wild and turbulent. When they finally come I am at peace. My soul fills and I rise up. And I run to the kitchen full of enthusiasm, ready to make the hearty winter fare that it has been for months, too substantial to eat.
I realize I am a bit odd. I realize that most people find their beauty in warm, sunny days with brilliant blue skies. But for me, the sunshine and the colors it alights can be loud, almost jarring at times. The grey muted colors of fall and winter, the heavy blankets of fog or snow, they bring a quiet peacefulness that I love.
This Leek Polenta with Thyme, Roasted Mushrooms and a Savory Cheezy Cashew Sauce is the perfect recipe for cold fall nights. Roast your mushrooms ahead of time and this dish will come together quickly.
The cheezy cashew sauce is stirred into the polenta along with the thyme and leeks at the end of cooking. The addition of the sauce turns regular polenta into a rich, flavorful dish. The added mushrooms bring a hearty, filling, flavor-filled bite to the dish. You can substitute your favorite mushrooms if you can't get Chanterelles but they are in season right now and are delicious!
When choosing chanterelles, look for golden color with no slimy, dark or decaying parts.
To clean chanterelles, first use a brush to remove all the debris. You can actually use a toothbrush for this.
You can then rinse them quickly to remove sand and the rest of the debris.
Don't let them soak in water.
Slice larger mushrooms in half.
Lightly spray with avocado oil if desired. Sprinkle with salt and pepper.
On a parchment lined baking sheet, bake at 400 degrees for 30-40 minutes, flipping once while baking.
*You will have extra sauce. You can freeze it, put it on veggies or just add more to your polenta if you wish.
Sauté leeks over medium low heat for about 5 minutes until softened. You can use a light spritz of avocado oil or a bit of water for oil free sautéing.
Add garlic and sauté for another minute, being careful not to brown the garlic. Remove from heat and set aside.
In a sauce pan, heat 3 cups of water to boiling.
Stir in polenta, reduce heat and stir occasionally for 5 minutes.
Remove from heat, stir in leek and garlic mixture, savory cashew cheese sauce, thyme, salt and pepper.
Top with roasted mushrooms and parsley.
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called Leek Polenta with Roasted Chanterelle Mushrooms and is located at http://rawmazing.com/recipe/leek-polenta-with-roasted-chanterelle-mushrooms/.
Susan, this recipe sounds just amazing, it will be part of meny this coming weekend for sure when I will have company, thank you for posting it.
I just made this tonight……yummy. I used ALL the 'Cheeze' sauce in the polenta. I didn't have Chanterelle mushrooms either so simply used our common large button mushrooms – they were fine! It was great! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
! Strike Back Season 3 Full
Strike Back Poster · Strike Back (–) Season 3 finds Scott and the mysterious agent Rachel Dalton in the Kenyan desert securing the transfer of a Libyan functionary seeking asylum. Vengeance, Part 3 .. Unlimited Streaming. Strike Back: Vengeance, as it is known in the United Kingdom is a ten-part British -American action television serial and The main cast for the series includes Philip Winchester, Sullivan Stapleton, Rhona Mitra, Michelle Lukes, 1 Episodes ; 2 Cast and characters; 3 Production .. "Strike Back: The Complete 2nd Season ". Episodes - Cast and characters - Production - Release. 9 Aug - 2 min - Uploaded by Cinemax Subscribe to Cinemax: Strike Back Season 3 premieres Friday at 10 on.
14 Mar - 24 sec - Uploaded by TVweb - "Strike Back" Season 3 Trailer Source: com/shows. Full Schedule · Shows. View All Shows · Subscribe · Sign up for newsletter. Originals: Strike Back (Season 3) today's headlines, Strike Back, the network's first original primetime series in more than 15 years, Strike Back S3 Episode 3. Episode In Beirut, Kamali wins Scott and Stonebridge's trust by leading them to James Leatherby, an ex-SAS . Revisit every thrilling twist and turn from Season 2 of 'Strike Back.' Format, Prime Video (streaming online video). Devices.
TVGuide has every full episode so you can stay-up-to-date and watch your favorite show Strike Back anytime, anywhere.
13 Oct - 3 min Watch Strike Back Season 3 Episode 10 full tv shows online free download full season HDhttp.
TV Series Page Critic Consensus: Strike Back's final season promises a big finish fueled by compelling characters and August 3, | Full Review. A high-octane, globe-spanning thriller with storylines ripped from today's headlines, Strike Back, the network's first original primetime series in more than In the 'Strike Back' season 3 finale, Scott and Stonebridge find themselves working against the clock to stop the release of a deadly virus at an.
To each his or her own, but I can't understand why anyone wouldn't want to watch "Strike Back" (10 p.m. ET Friday, Cinemax). Maybe there are.
Strike Back. Season 3. 10 episodes. HBO. Drama. English audio that is being used to fund terrorists in the Middle East in Season 3 of the hit series. This season the series has a truely global canvas, opening in Colombia – with parallel missions in Beirut, Budapest, Russia and Germany – and following a trail . Strike Back has always shared a strong connection with video games in its storytelling. A typical episode of the Cinemax series has three types.
Strike Back is the kind of show that doesn't need to be eventful to be entertaining. The writers could easily tell a brief two-part throwaway story.
Like action? This one's for you. An all-star cast play special ops agents caught up in a string of high-stakes missions. High-octane drama based on Chris Ryan's.
Strike Back: Season 3 (Cinemax): Richard Armitage, Sullivan Stapleton, Format: AC-3, Box set, Color, Dolby, DTS Surround Sound, DVD, Full Screen, NTSC. Season year, Network, BBC. Producers, BBC. Audio, English. Purchase rights, Stream instantly Details. Format, Prime Video (streaming online video). Emmy-nominated series Strike Back returns to HBO-owned channel Cinemax and UK's Sky One next year with the show's seventh season.
The official website for Strike Back, the original action series on Cinemax. Watch Strike Back online, starring Philip Winchester and Sullivan Stapleton. Get info.
Find product information, ratings and reviews for Strike Back:Season 3 (DVD) If the item details above aren't accurate or complete, we want to know about it. The hit series reboots in with 10 all-new episodes – and a fresh team of. Strike Back returns after a more than two-year hiatus, with a new cast of intrepid protagonists and Brown), and Natalie Reynolds (Roxanne McKee) – take full advantage of Section 20's state-of-the-art resources Strike Back Episode 3 Recap. Metacritic TV Reviews, Strike Back - Season 3, An American works with the British military to stop terrorists dead in their tracks.
As Al Zuhari's forces press Andersson to complete the job swiftly or risk . A candid look at the stars of 'Strike Back' living the dream on the Season 3 set of the .
Strike Back - Season 3 (also known as Strike Back: Vengeance or Strike Back: Cinemax Season 2) once again stars Philip Winchester as Sergeant Michael. Add to Cart. Strike Back: Cinemax Season 3 [3 Discs] [DVD] - Front_Original Strike Back: The Complete Fourth Season [Blu-ray] [3 Discs]. SKU it would just be down to us not having the rights to show season 3 at the moment. Hopefully we'll be able to add season 3 at some point to complete the boxset.
Find great deals for Strike Back: Season 3 (DVD, , 3-Disc Set). Shop with Strike Back: The Complete Third Season DVD Used - VeryGood [ DVD ]. Strike Back: Series (DVD) available to buy online at 3 Reviews Every episode of the action drama series based on the novel by former Special Forces operative Star Wars: The Complete Saga (Episodes I-VI) (Blu-Ray. Booktopia has Strike Back, Season 3 by Philip Winchester. Buy a discounted DVD of Strike Back online from Australia's leading online bookstore.
Get a good look at the hard-charging soldiers of Cinemax's "Strike Back" enjoying some much-earned R&R early in the new season. It doesn't. - Buy Strike Back: Season 3 at a low price; free shipping on qualified Format: AC-3, Dolby, DTS Surround Sound, Full Screen, NTSC, Subtitled. Cinemax's high-octane action series "Strike Back" is back with a new cast, and the same old explosions — watch a trailer for Season 5 here.
KUALA LUMPUR: Fans of television series Strike Back can expect to see some familiar backgrounds when By Tahir Alhamzah - September 3, @ pm . Start your free trial to watch Strike Back and other popular TV shows and movies including new releases, TVMA • Drama, Adventure, Action • TV Series • The espionage exploits of Section 20 will, indeed, continue with Cinemax's order for Strike Back Season 6.
16 Feb - 44 min Watch Strike Back Season 5 episode 3 Episode 43 only on hotstar. Catch the full episodes of.
Watch Strike Back - Season 3, Episode 1 - Episode Scott and Stonebridge are tracking down terrorist Watch Full Episodes: Strike Back.
Strike Back is back. A new incarnation of the popular action series with new characters and a new cast has been greenlighted by Cinemax and. Strike Back Season 7 Countdown - Season 6 Rewatch (back). submitted 21 days ago Season 3 episode 1 (back). submitted 1 month ago. Strike Back: Series 3. View PDF. tv See the Full Version of this Work. The high- octane action drama is Strikeback Series 3 Episode 2. Strikeback Series 3.
"In 'Strike Back's third season, stealth counterterrorism unit Section 20 .. our RSS Feed, download the MP3 file or stream it on Dan's blog.
Explosions, espionage, fireballs and deceit – Strike Back's first five seasons Here's your guide to the series before the new season begins.
Strike Back wrapped its four-season run on Cinemax this past fall, but Bank Pictures all join in wishing Sullivan a full and speedy recovery.".
Is Strike Back cancelled or renewed for season seven? **3/27/ update: Cinemax has renewed Strike Back for a seventh season. Series 5 · Series 4 · Series 3 · Series 2 · Series 1 · S6-E10 Strike Back: Retribution. Section 20 race the clock to stop the chemical attack, but Reynolds is forced. Click below for a video exclusive from tonight's season finale. In its two seasons on Cinemax, Strike Back has had to fight to win its audience — the network reportedly reaches about 17 . Season 3? Complete Coverage.
Buy Strike Back: Season 5 on DVD, watch trailer and view special features. Thomas "Mac" McAllister (Warren Brown) and Natalie Reynolds (Roxanne McKee)--take full advantage of Section 20's state-of-the-art Better Call Saul: Season 3. IN STOCK SALES: Strike Back season 3 - Region 4, free shipping from Australia's online Buy DVD Online in Australia: Better Call Saul Complete Series Find great deals for Strike Back Complete Collection Season 1 2 3 4 5 Series Legacy DVD Reg2. Shop with confidence on eBay!.
Daniel MacPherson cast in Strike Back reboot Final season of action series with Sullivan Stapleton & Philip Winchester begins in May.
8 hours ago Pages Strike Back S7E3. Buy Strike Back on Google Play, then watch on your PC, Android, or iOS devices. Download to watch Season $ Full Season Are you telling me that the best Google can do is to get a season that is 3 years old. This is the final. Ileane Rudolph February 02, pm. 0 Comments. Liam Daniel/Cinemax. Strike Back Strike Back, Season Premiere, Friday, Feb. 2, 10/9c, Cinemax.
Production is underway on the Season 3 of HBO/Cinemax's breakout drama series Strike Back, it was announced today by Kary Antholis.
Strike Back: Vengeance, (Season 3) – Sky1 – 2nd September at 10pm. Strike Back: Shadow Click here to see the full list of Cancelled/Renewed Shows. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Due to health issues we are selling our 5.0TA located in Spokane WA. With just 4000 miles and 37 nights of use it is like new! Graphics color is majestic blue.
Also has extra 120V and 12V outlets. Maxx fan upgrade smoke grey with remote, wireless back up camera, stereo/DVD player, Jack antenna and TV arm with 19" television included.
Exterior shower on passenger side, toilet shut off valve, winterizing T-valve, the exterior propane quick connect is on the passenger side.
Because it is an Escape Classic with a manual awning you will enjoy the included screen room when you are camped in a "buggy" area.
The propane tanks are full and ready for spring camping!
2016 Ford F-150 set up with fifth wheel hitch available for 35K USD.
So sorry health issues are forcing a sale.
Where can we see the truck and trailer?
Yup they can creep really suddenly after a certain age! Luckily nothing fatal - just requiring us to change up our method of travel. Thank you - we think all Escapes are beautiful!
Did you sell your 5.0? If not, we are interested.
We have a buyer- just waiting to receive the deposit before we move this to the "SOLD" files.
Glad to hear you have a buyer Jan. It might have been Gail and I, but we're not looking till next summer, and if nothing used shows up in a 5.0TA, we expect to get on the waiting list for a new one.
Best of luck to you with your health situation.
We have received a deposit so this can be moved to the SOLD archive. Thank you moderators for all the work you do! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
From finding coins at your local park, to prospecting for gold in Africa, or even clearing landmines in South East Asia, Minelab has a metal detector especially suited for the task at hand. Our flagship GPZ 7000 and CTX 3030 detectors are widely recognised as the most advanced products available for their application. For the beginner, our GO-FIND Series could be the best place to start.
Minelab have a gold detector to suit your needs. We will help you find that gold!
Minelab treasure detectors have the most advanced features and performance specifically for treasure hunters.
While every metal detector will detector all types of metal, Minelab detectors are premium performance models designed for your specific purpose.
Our gold detectors are the best at ground balancing (ignoring ground noise) and being super sensitive to all sizes of gold at depth, while our treasure detectors have advanced discrimination functions to differentiate between metals (dig the treasure, not the trash). Our countermine detectors are rugged and reliable to withstand repeated use in harsh environments.
Learn more about our World's Best Metal Detection Technologies here.
Watch more Minelab Metal Detector videos on YouTube here. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Did you see Caitlin Moran's article in The Times Magazine last weekend? The one about how she thought decluttering was a silly new fad and a load of old nonsense… But, having been persuaded to have a jolly good sort out by a couple of close friends, she later discovered how amazing she felt post purge.
I read it eagerly and couldn't wait to hear about her experience. As a professional declutterer and home organiser, I am well aware of the benefits of decluttering the home. I see the positive outcomes for my clients on a daily basis. But there's nothing like having it confirmed in a national newspaper by a public figure, to get the pulse racing.
And she's right, to suggest the negativity created by owning too much. I see this regularly with my own clients whose heads are swimming. There's the piles of children's toys bursting out of every cupboard. Mountains of paperwork that need attending to, not to mention the shove shut wardrobes. Physically seeing clutter everywhere you look sends signals to your brain of unfinished tasks or loose ends, and when we are constantly bombarded with those messages, it can be really hard to concentrate and focus on our priorities.
My clients often start their journey by thinking they need to be more organised or have better storage. But once we start the work they begin to realise that they can actually let some stuff go and what's more there's glorious moment when they start to get a "high" or "cleansed feeling" that comes from discarding what we no longer need.
You no longer have to give space to the stuff that you never wear.
You no longer have to feel guilty for not wearing an item every time you open the wardrobe.
You no longer are confronted with the buying mistakes you made in the past.
You no longer have to feel that you should dress as the fantasy person whose clothes are hanging in your wardrobe. As Ms Moran puts it. "Unworn neglected clothes aren't just clothes, they are questions, memories, an imagined version of yourself you never quite found the energy to materialise. They momentarily ping you with failure, miscalculation, a bad day."
Seriously! Nobody needs that kind of negativity in their lives – especially before they've even got dressed in the morning!
Letting go of what no longer serves you, means that you can celebrate and feel free every time you open the closet. Because.
And, whilst decluttering is not a form of therapy, it is incredibly therapeutic. You are letting go of things from the past which means you have new capacity to move into the new.
What's more, the dopamine shot you get from having achieved this task, keeps you coming back for more. Warning decluttering can be addictive. I find my clients get to the end of a session and are actively looking around their house for more things to donate to the charity shop. No wonder Caitlin Moran refers to the post decluttering feeling as being "high as a kite".
So, whilst decluttering and minimalism might be seen by some as a fad, books such as "The Life Changing Magic of Tidying Up" by Marie Kondo and James Wallman's "Stuffocation" have hit a nerve with the collective psyche. As a society, we are no longer merely satisfied with accumulating stuff, we are seeking more meaning in our lives. And that can be incredibly hard to find when surrounded by physical and mental clutter.
So, if you are tempted to start having a go a reclaiming your home, it couldn't be a better time. Monday 6th November marks the start of National Organising Week. (Organised and run by the Association for Professional Organisers and Declutterers) And as its only 7 weeks until Christmas, getting started now could see your home transformed by the time the big day comes around.
Can't face going it alone? Find out what it's like to work with a professional declutterer, drop me a message [email protected] check out my Facebook page @feshspacesUK or give me a ring on 07885 511061 - I love talking about clutter and would be happy to help.
Owner of Fresh Spaces, decluttering and organising homes so that they are a joy to live in. I love my job. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Without my interjecting (yet), the best read I have seen so far concerning the case is put forth by The Volokh Conspiracy.
There are three posts there. See what you think at one, two and three.
Apparently, we will be waiting until around the June timeframe before we get to find out SCOTUS' ruling on this.
I hope this works out for all of us in favor of cities and states following the Constitution and not their own poor judgments.
Oh, and Doctor Zero has a nice, appropriate, well written article on the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. I like his style and I certainly agree with him.
This entry was posted in Arms, Constitution, Rights and tagged BBQ, Freedom. Bookmark the permalink. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
| First Test
2021 Lexus LS500 First Test: Weird in a Good Way
The updated Lexus flagship gains improvements and keeps some quirks.
Alex LeanseAuthorDarren MartinPhotographer
Lexus LS Full Overview
"Who is this car for?" That's what my buddy Mike asked as he looked around the 2021 Lexus LS500. Mike was in from out of town, tasked with housesitting a hilltop pad in ritzy Bel Air—a locale where luxury automobiles like the LS blend in. He likes cars, so I brought the big Lexus over for him to check out. It impressed Mike, but left him confused. Later, I drove home along sweeping Sunset Boulevard. As soothed as I was by the seat massager, that question still bounced around my head. Who is this car for?
We had similar uncertainty when the fifth-generation LS arrived for the 2018 model year. It fit the mold of a luxury full-size sedan, but its stiff ride, harsh powertrain, and snug back seats were atypical of that category. Simultaneously, its sport-sedan-like agility made us wonder if the LS was suffering from an identity crisis. What's more, the touchpad infotainment interface was endlessly frustrating.
For 2021, Lexus gives the LS a refresh aimed at making it a more compelling flagship. In a rare opportunity, Lexus provided us with pre- and post-refresh models so we could compare the changes back to back. After a week in each and a trip to the track, I'm still not sure if I can answer Mike's question. But this much is clear: The updated LS500 feels different.
What's New With the 2021 LS500
First, a recap of the relevant 2021 updates. Not much changes outside. The signature spindle grille, now coated in a darker finish, still dominates the front end. It's flanked by vents with a more rectangular shape, and headlights that now integrate the LED accent strip. Around back, the taillights swap chrome detailing for black trim. Inside, the seats and armrests gain thicker, plusher foam cushioning, but more noteworthy is the addition of a 12.3-inch infotainment touchscreen—more on that later.
Under the sheetmetal, the spring and damper rates are retuned, different anti-roll bars are installed, and the liquid-filled bushings become larger. Both of our review cars rode on the optional air suspension, which raises and lowers more quickly in the 2021 model. As before, the twin-turbo 3.4-liter V-6 produces 416 hp and 442 lb-ft of torque, but the 10-speed automatic behind it gains new shift logic. Subtle as these changes may seem, they revealed themselves quite clearly.
How Quick Is the LS500?
Some may scoff knowing that the LS500 is equipped with a mere six-cylinder engine, but it delivers. Our rear-wheel-drive 2021 car's zero-to-60-mph time fell to 5.0 seconds from the 5.3-second time we previously measured from a comparable model. Likewise, this LS did the quarter mile in 13.4 seconds at 106.0 mph, a blink ahead of the earlier 13.8-second, 102.8-mph sprint. (Side note: Acceleration was nearly identical in an all-wheel-drive LS500 we tested.) As engine output is unchanged, it's possible that the gearbox revisions helped shave those tenths. Nevertheless, associate road test editor Erick Ayapana praised the powerplant, deeming it a "strong engine that launches hard."
Indeed, on the road it gets the LS500 moving swiftly. Just off idle it doesn't quite have the effortlessness of a V-8, but by 1,600 rpm full torque has arrived. Keep the pedal buried and the transmission's new programming makes good use of the gearbox's tightly spaced cogs. Where the 2020 LS hesitated to downshift, the 2021 readily drops gears and accentuates the engine's power. Still, shifts aren't invisible; the first-to-second upshift in particular can jerk slightly, especially when the drivetrain is cold.
Against the lively engine, the brakes feel tuned unapologetically for comfort. This being a luxury sedan that's not necessarily an issue, but as before, the brake-by-wire system responds inconsistently. There isn't great correlation between pedal pressure and actual stopping force. Nevertheless, stops are smooth. "Very smooth," according to Ayapana (emphasis his). Its best 60-to-zero-mph braking result measured 118 feet, longer than the 110-foot stop we got in earlier testing. With no major changes made to the brakes in the refresh, the 2021 car's different Bridgestone Turanza tires—now mud-and-snow-badged, and with a V speed rating instead of the faster Y—could be to blame for the discrepancy.
Chauffeur's Delight
We're not ones to complain when a car handles well. But the pre-refresh LS500's reflexes and ride quality seemed incongruent with its luxurious mission. Although smooth, it rode with a pervasive coarseness, able to minimize but not erase road chatter. It struggled with larger imperfections, slamming loudly over drainage troughs and potholes. Odd, since it crossed speed bumps as if they were half as tall. For as accurate as its steering felt, it produced quite a bit of body roll. As I was constantly aware of the car's length, rounding tight corners became a calculated exercise.
Not so in the 2021 model—this thing can boogie. Its slightly quicker turn-in and stronger resistance to lean yield improvements in confidence and control. The result? I can't say it better than road test editor Chris Walton after his run on the figure-eight course: "Ha! I wasn't expecting this to be so fun. Steering weight and precision is just right. I can dance it on the edge of over- and understeer and do a glorious controlled slide on corner exit. Whee!" Its result of 26.2 seconds at a 0.68-g average is close to the 26.3-second, 0.71-g average figure-eight lap we recorded from the pre-refresh LS500. Look, numbers don't tell the whole story—from behind the wheel, the updated LS500 feels like a very different car. Expect the F Sport model to hone that edge further. One doesn't typically think of the LS as a sport sedan, but now, if you drive it like one, you'll be pleasantly surprised.
What numbers also can't communicate is that, despite the tighter handling, comfort is enhanced as well. The ride is calmer, and the cabin feels more insulated from impacts large or small. Fat cats in the back seat will enjoy near-zero gut jiggle and head toss. For the driver and passengers, the LS's updated chassis is better all around.
Unusual, Awesome Interior
It feels like a smaller car, but the 2021 LS is the same size as before—which is to say, it could be a little bigger. Head- and legroom remain inexplicably tight for a car of this size, particularly in back. Heated, ventilated, reclining, and massaging rear seats aren't as relaxing without space to sprawl. It's better up front, as those thrones offer the same amenities and more adjustments. That new thicker cushioning is the first thing I noticed when I got inside. One plutocratic nitpick: The massage function switches off after 15 minutes. Lexus, my massage should end when I want it to, thank you very much.
Regardless of space or lack thereof, the interior décor is stunning. The layered trim and dramatic sculpting makes competitors' cabins seem plain. How our test car's gorgeous "Art Wood" veneer is produced is worth watching. Functional necessities are artfully crafted—check out the air vents integrated within the lines flowing across the dashboard, or the katana-shaped door handles. The upholstery below the gear selector might be the industry's tiniest piece of leather. Wonderful details like these help the interior feel truly special.
High-Tech and Behind the Times
Less artful is the new infotainment setup, which at last adopts touchscreen functionality. At 12.3 inches, the display is no larger, but the experience is much improved compared to the previous touchpad-controlled system. No longer is it necessary to swipe endlessly to make a selection—just touch and go. However, its enclosure looks a bit tacked on, an adaptation needed to put it within reach. The trouble is the screen is so large its right side still requires a stretch to access. The touchpad remains, so at least there's redundancy to work with. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto are now standard.
Some of the LS's tech reminds how far things have come in a few short years. The digital gauge display looks small compared to what's found in some new economy cars, and offers less functionality. An available head-up display behind it provides more information, albeit arranged in a confusing jumble. The driver-assistance suite isn't as refined as newer systems; its lane-keep assist ping-pongs between the lines. Our test car's digital rearview mirror helped, but oddly magnified the view behind. And a CD player is standard—need I say more? All this aside, the optional 23-speaker audio system is magnificent, drenching the cabin in layers of rich, immersive sound.
How Much Is a LS500?
Prices for the 2021 LS500 start at $77,025, and the grand total for our option-rich refreshed test vehicle came to $101,790. A palatial sum—but against the competition, a potential bargain. The Audi A8 starts at $87,545, and the BMW 7 Series at $87,795. The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class commands—ready for this?—a whopping $110,850. With the Kia K900 now dead, only the $73,975 Genesis G90 is cheaper in the segment. Note that, besides the Benz, all of these vehicles are standard equipped with smaller, less-powerful six-cylinder engines than the LS500's. If you're willing to pay, though, they all do offer far more powerful engines, which the LS does not.
So, Who Is This Car For?
Sorry, Mike—I don't have an answer for your question. Those who want a car to be driven in should try on something with more spacious rear seats. Others who seek a more involved driving experience have better options in the luxury midsize sedan category. The LS500 remains a quirky outlier stuck between those strata. But what I can tell you is this: Its 2021 refresh is a success. I came to liken the LS to a four-door gran turismo, a whimsical machine that's a pleasure breezing down a motorway or winding through a scenic bypass. It's not everything for everyone, but for a certain someone, it's superb.
Looks good! More details?
2021 Lexus LS500
PRICE AS TESTED $101,790
VEHICLE LAYOUT Front-engine, RWD, 5-pass, 4-door sedan
ENGINE 3.4L/416-hp/442-lb-ft twin-turbo DOHC 24-valve V-6
TRANSMISSION 10-speed automatic
CURB WEIGHT (F/R DIST) 4,925 lb (52/48%)
LENGTH x WIDTH x HEIGHT 206.1 x 74.8 x 57.1 in
0-60 MPH 5.0 sec
QUARTER MILE 13.4 sec @ 106.0 mph
BRAKING, 60-0 MPH 118 ft
LATERAL ACCELERATION 0.83 g (avg)
MT FIGURE EIGHT 26.2 sec @ 0.68 g (avg)
EPA CITY/HWY/COMB FUEL ECON 18/29/22 mpg
ENERGY CONS, CITY/HWY 187/116 kWh/100 miles
CO2 EMISSIONS, COMB 0.89 lb/mile | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
A man who had a heart attack while playing cricket was revived by a 'hero' GP teammate who had a defibrillator in his car.
The businessman, in his early 40s, was playing for a doctors' team at Budleigh Salterton Cricket Club in Devon yesterday afternoon.
He suffered a serious heart attack near the start of the match in front of a crowd of several people, including two of his own children.
As the man was unconscious and lying on the pitch, one of the doctors ran to his car for the defibrillator and treated the man where he lay.
The Devon Air Ambulance was called and landed on the pitch. The man was flown to the Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital.
An eyewitness described watching the incident unfold. She said: 'I was going for a walk with my husband and as we walked past the cricket ground we heard and then saw a red helicopter.
'I knew it was the Devon Air Ambulance and suddenly thought there must have been an accident at the cricket club. A small crowd had gathered but no one seemed to know what had happened.
'We saw a land ambulance there as well and just as we got there the air ambulance took off. It always makes your heart sink when you see an ambulance so it was upsetting to think someone was unwell to need airlifting to hospital.
The match, against a cricket team from the town's football club, was being played in Budleigh's community league.
Cricket club secretary Kevin Curran said he thought the man was lucky to be alive.
'He is a well-known member of the community who does an awful lot for the club and everyone was completely shocked when this happened,' he said.
'The match had only just begun and he was nowhere near the ball when he collapsed.
'It was extremely fortunate there were a number of doctors around and one had this piece of equipment in his car - he may well have saved his life.
'The very quick action of the doctor involved, who is a bit of a hero I guess in that respect - but he'd only say he was doing his natural job - his quick action has meant that our friend and colleague has got another opportunity, as it were.
Mr Curran said the club will now look at buying a defibrillator and training members in how to use it.
The doctor who came to his assistance is thought to be a GP who works at a surgery in the town.
The match was abandoned after the incident.
Mr Curran said the club may also want to support the air ambulance trust. 'It is a remarkable charity that is always in need of money,' he said. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Works in this axis move in particular towards the development of sampling systems or analysis for space exploration. These multi-year programs are funded by the French Space Agency (CNES), and can lead to enhancement activities such as patenting.
As an illustration we present R&T PSD for "Preparation of the sample device". The objective of this R&T action aims to extract the refractory organic matter of any mineral matrix of a planetary surface by thermal and/or chemical processing (derivatization). | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Presentation from the "Seminário de Derivativos Financeiros", Dept. of Mathematics at PUC-Rio, Rio, Brazil, September 2007 (file in Portuguese). NEW!
Presentation from the "11th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Berkeley, USA, June 2007. NEW!
Presentation from the "Seminário de Métodos Matemáticos em Finanças", IMPA, Rio, Brazil, April 2007 (files in Portuguese). NEW!
Presentations and paper from the "10th Annual International Conference on Real Options", New York, USA, June 2006. NEW!
Course Materials from a PUC-Rio Graduate Course on Real Options. First semester 2006. In Portuguese. NEW!
Presentations and paper from the "9th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Paris, France, June 2005. NEW!
Course Materials from a PUC-Rio Graduate Course on Real Options and Real Options Games. First semester 2005. In Portuguese. NEW!
The Doctoral Thesis and the Thesis Defense. PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, January 2005. In Portuguese. NEW!
Presentations and paper from the "8th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Montreal, Canada, June 2004. NEW!
Presentation and paper from the "7th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Washington, USA, July 2003.
Presentation at the "Seminário de Opções Reais em Petróleo", UFRJ, Rio, September 2003.
Presentation from MIT Seminar "Real Options in Real Life", Cambridge, USA, May 2003.
Two Presentations from the "Workshop on Real Options in Petroleum and Energy", Mexico City, Mexico, September 2002.
Presentation from the "SPE ATW-2002: Risk Analysis Applied to Field Development under Uncertainty ", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 2002.
Presentation from the "6th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Coral Beach, Cyprus, July 2002.
Keynote Address Presentation at the conference "Real Options Valuation in the New Economy", Coral Beach, Cyprus, July 2002.
Doc Files from my M.Sc. Dissertation (1996) at PUC-Rio!
American Call: What are the most important parameters? Discussion with Tornado and Spider Charts (Powerpoint file).
Real Options and Strategic Thinking (Powerpoint presentation - only in Portuguese).
American Call Sensitivity Analysis with more than 100 Static Charts!
American Call Sensitivity Analysis Using Animated Charts!
Online slides from the SPE Paper Presentation in Dallas, USA, March 1997!
Download Powerpoint File from SPE Paper Presentation in Dallas, USA, March 1997!
Download Powerpoint File from M.Sc. Thesis Defense at PUC-Rio!
Real Options by Slides with Thumbnails!
Several files available in this website are compressed (extension .zip), but is easy to make the decompression using some software (like Pkunzip, winzip, etc.). You can get it at Nico Mak Computing for Winzip, at Vertisoft for Zip-it, and at Pkware for PKZip.
For Adobe Acrobat viewer (for documents with extension .pdf), click here.
There are several files in Powerpoint format.
You don't need to buy the software Powerpoint: For a FREEware Powerpoint Viewer (you can see the file and print, but not to change), go to Microsoft Website.
Presentation from the "Seminário de Derivativos Financeiros" (Seminar on Financial Derivatives), Dept. of Mathematics at PUC-Rio, Rio, Brazil, September 2007.
The Department of Mathematics at PUC-Rio is starting a new research line on mathematical finance with focus in derivatives. This invited presentation was a basic/introductory overview of real options approach.
The presentation title was "Investimento sob Incerteza com a Teoria das Opções Reais: Conceitos Básicos" (Investment under Uncertainty with the Real Options Theory: Basic Concepts).
Download the presentation "Investimento sob Incerteza com a Teoria das Opções Reais: Conceitos Básicos", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias_matem_puc_2007.pdf, with 295 KB (file in Portuguese).
Presentation at the managerial conference from the "11th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Berkeley, USA, June 2007.
In 2007 the main international conference on real options took place at the University of California at Berkeley, USA, June 6-9, 2007.
This presentation is about the GTL (gas-to-liquid) technology, which presents many valuable flexibilities mainly for integrated oil/gas/energy corporations.
I prepared the presentation and I was ready to the trip, but just in the trip day I fell with a strong tropical flu named "dengue" (it is necessary to rest 7-10 days to recover the health) and I cancelled the trip to Berkeley. However, I thanks to my colleague of PUC, Doctor Edison Tito, who accepted (only two days before the speech) to replace me at the GTL project presentation in Berkeley.
Download the managerial presentation "Real Options in Energy: The Gas-to-Liquid Technology with Flexible Input", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias-berkeley_2007-managerial.pdf, with 326 KB.
Presentation from the "Seminário de Métodos Matemáticos em Finanças" (Seminar on Mathematical Methods in Finance), IMPA, Rio, Brazil, April 2007.
IMPA, Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics), at Rio (Brazil) has offered Master degree in Mathematical Methods in Finance since 2001, and has a much longer tradition in Mathematical Economics. But in 2007 IMPA was just starting a research line on real options (in 2008 IMPA and Petrobras signed a research contract for cooperation in real options). Professor Zubelli from IMPA invited me to present one topic of my research on real options. I choose to focus on technical uncertainty modeling, illustrating the theory with one petroleum exploration portfolio application.
The presentation title was "Opções Reais e Incerteza Técnica: Teoria, Modelagem e Aplicação em Portfólio de Exploração de Petróleo" (Real Options and Technical Uncertainty: Theory, Modeling and Petroleum Exploration Portfolio Application).
Download the presentation "Opções Reais e Incerteza Técnica: Teoria, Modelagem e Aplicação em Portfólio de Exploração de Petróleo", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias_impa_07.pdf, with 550 KB (file in Portuguese).
Download also the abstract of this presentation, a pdf file (from the original Word file): conf_marco_dias_impa_07.pdf, with 95 KB (file in Portuguese).
Presentations and paper from the "10th Annual International Conference on Real Options", New York, USA, June 2006.
In 2006 the main international conference on real options took place at New York, USA, June 14-17, 2006.
In the academic conference I presented a paper that is an extension of a topic from my doctoral thesis: "Real Options Theory for Real Asset Portfolios: the Oil Exploration Case". Both, the presentation (a pdf from the original Powerpoint file) and the paper (also a pdf, but from a Word file) are available to download below.
Download the paper "Real Options Theory for Real Asset Portfolios: the Oil Exploration Case" in pdf file format: dias_portfolio_ep.pdf, with 436 KB.
Download the paper presentation "Real Options Theory for Real Asset Portfolios: the Oil Exploration Case", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias-new_york-2006-academic_presentation.pdf, with 262 KB.
In the same week and place, the managerial/practitioner real options conference took place at New York, USA, June 14-17, 2006.
The presentation title was: "Use of Simulation and Real Options Applications in Natural Resources/Energy". The pdf file (from a Powerpoint file) is available to download below.
Download the managerial presentation "Use of Simulation and Real Options Applications in Natural Resources/Energy", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias-new_york-2006-managerial.pdf, with 366 KB.
Course Materials from a PUC-Rio Graduate Course on Real Options. First semester 2006. In Portuguese.
This graduate course named "Investment Analysis with Real Options" ("Análise de Investimentos com Opções Reais") was delivered to graduate students at PUC-Rio in the first semester of 2006. The original course (2005) was splited into two separated courses: in the first semester this course on real options and in the second semester a course on game theory and real options games.
The course (and so the course materials) are in Portuguese.
In order to download the course materials (and see other course details), go to the specific course webpage (para baixar os materiais do curso e ver outros detalhes, vá para a web-página específica desse curso).
Presentations and paper from the "9th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Paris, France, June 2005.
In 2005 the main international conference on real options took place at Paris, France, June 23-25.
In the academic conference I presented a paper based on a topic from my doctoral thesis: "Real Options, Learning Measures, and Bernoulli Revelation Processes". Both, the presentation (a pdf from the original Powerpoint file) and the paper (also a pdf, but from a Word file) are available to download below.
Download the paper "Real Options, Learning Measures, and Bernoulli Revelation Processes" in pdf file format: dias_revelation_bernoulli.pdf, with 471 KB.
Download the paper presentation "Real Options, Learning Measures, and Bernoulli Revelation Processes", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias-paris 2005-academic_presentation.pdf, with 454 KB.
In the same week and place, the managerial/practitioner real options conference took place at Paris, France, June 22-23, 2005.
The presentation title was: "Real Options: Applications to Energy with Focus on Petroleum". The pdf file (from a Powerpoint file) is available to download below.
Download the managerial presentation "Real Options: Applications to Energy with Focus on Petroleum", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): marco_dias-paris_2005-managerial.pdf, with 242 KB.
Course Materials from a PUC-Rio Graduate Course on Real Options and Real Options Games. First semester 2005. In Portuguese.
This graduate course named "Investment Analysis with Real Options and Option Games" ("Análise de Investimentos com Opções Reais e Jogos de Opções") was delivered to graduate students at PUC-Rio in the first semester of 2005. For 2006, I plan to split the course into two separated courses: in the first semester the course on real options and in the second semester a course on game theory and real options games.
The Doctoral Thesis and the Thesis Defense. PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, January 2005. In Portuguese.
This methodological and normative thesis extends the modern economic valuation theory of projects under uncertainty, known as real options theory, from the point of view of an oil company that optimizes the allocation of investment and resources. The real options theory is combined with other theories - so the name hybrid real options - in order to perform a more comprehensive and realistic analysis of complex problems that arises from petroleum industry. The two main combinations analyzed here are: (a) the combination of real options theory with game theory - real options games - to consider endogenously the strategic behavior of other firms, especially in the optimal stopping game with positive externalities known as war of attrition, as well as the possibility to change this game by a cooperative bargain game; and (b) the combination of real options theory with methods from probability theory and Bayesian statistical decision - Bayesian real options - generating a new way to model technical uncertainty of a project in dynamic real options models. These two combinations are re-combined in order to obtain an adequate solution that captures the value of information differences in non-cooperative and cooperative games. Important variables like exploratory chance factor, volume, and quality of a petroleum reserve, are modeled with the development of a new theory on revelation distribution and measures of learning. In a more concise way, are analyzed other hybrid real options, highlighting the combination of real options theory with the evolutionary computation theory - evolutionary real options - with great potential in complex applications of optimization under uncertainty. This method is exemplified with an application using the genetic algorithms to evolve the decision rule for optimal exercise of a real option.
KEYWORDS: real options, game theory, hybrid real options, real option games, Bayesian real options, measures of learning, investment under uncertainty.
Download the dissertation "Opções Reais Híbridas com Aplicações em Petróleo", a (very large!) pdf file: tese_doutor_marco_dias.pdf, with 4,027 KB.
Download the thesis defense file, a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): defesa_tese_doutor_marco_dias.pdf, with 725 KB.
Presentations and paper from the "8th Annual International Conference on Real Options", Montreal, Canada, June 2004.
In 2004 the main international conference on real options took place at Montreal, Canada, June 17-19.
In the academic conference I presented a paper co-authored with my advisor José Paulo Teixeira, based on a topic from my doctoral thesis: "Continuous-Time Option Games Part 2: Oligopoly, War of Attrition and Bargaining under Uncertainty". Both, the presentation (a pdf from the original Powerpoint file) and the paper (also a pdf, but from a Word file) are available to download below.
Download the paper "Continuous-Time Option Games Part 2: Oligopoly, War of Attrition and Bargaining under Uncertainty" in pdf file format: dias-teixeira_part2_option-games.pdf, with 439 KB.
Download the paper presentation "Continuous-Time Option Games Part 2: Oligopoly, War of Attrition and Bargaining under Uncertainty", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): dias-teixeira_part2_option-games-ppt.pdf, with 210 KB.
In the same week and place, the managerial/practitioner real options conference took place at Montreal, Canada, June 16-17, 2005.
I performed a short presentation in the Workshop: Commodity and Energy Applications. The presentation title was: "Technical Uncertainty and Learning Options in Petroleum". The pdf file (from a Powerpoint file) is available to download below.
Download the managerial presentation "Technical Uncertainty and Learning Options in Petroleum", a pdf file (from the original Powerpoint file): dias_managerial_montreal2004.pdf, with 96 KB.
In 2003 the main international conference on real options took place at Washington, USA, July 10-12.
My advisor and co-author, José Paulo Teixeira, presented our paper named: "Continuous-Time Option Games: Review of Models and Extensions - Part 1: Duopoly under Uncertainty". Both, the Powerpoint and the Word files are available to download below.
Download the Powerpoint 2000 file in compressed (.zip) format: dias-teixeira_option-games-ppt.zip, with 1020 KB.
Download the paper "Continuous-Time Option Games: Review of Models and Extensions - Part 1: Duopoly under Uncertainty", a compressed (.zip) Word for Windows file dias_teixeira_option-games-july03.zip, with 246 KB.
Presentation from the "Seminário de Opções Reais em Petróleo", UFRJ, Rio, September 2003.
This seminar took place at UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), a traditional and important university in Brazil, in September 16th, 2003, at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This presentation is the Portuguese version of my seminar at MIT (see below).
Download the Powerpoint 2000 file: ufrj_2003.ppt, with 1096 KB.
Or download the same Powerpoint 2000 file in compressed (.zip) format: ufrj_2003.zip, with 712 KB. Both in Portuguese.
Presentation from MIT Seminar "Real Options in Real Life", Cambridge, USA, May 5th, 2003.
The file below is the Powerpoint presentation of my speech at the seminar Real Options in Real Life, presented May 5th 2003 at MIT, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, U.S.A., mainly to second year graduate students.
Download the Powerpoint 2000 file: mit_2003.ppt, with 1099 KB.
Or download the same Powerpoint 2000 file in compressed (.zip) format: mit_2003.zip, with 727 KB.
The Workshop on Real Options in Petroleum and Energy took place at Mexico City, Mexico, in September 19-20, 2002.
Download the workshop program and abstracts by clicking here (Word for Windows file with 278 KB).
My two presentations in that very important workshop were: "Investment in Information in Petroleum: Real Options and Revelation" and "Petroleum Concessions with Extendible Options Using Mean Reversion with Jumps to Model Oil Prices". The Powerpoint files are available to download below.
Download the Powerpoint 97 file: marco_dias-revelation-mexico-2002.ppt, with 541 KB.
Download the Powerpoint 97 file: marco_dias-extendible-mexico-2002.ppt, with 825 KB.
This SPE Applied Technology Workshop (ATW) was named "Risk Analysis Applied to Field Development under Uncertainty" and took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in August 29-30, 2002.
Download the Powerpoint 97 file: marco_dias-atw-2002.ppt, with 427 KB.
In 2002 the main international conference on real options took place at Coral Beach, Paphos, Cyprus, July 4-6.
My presentation title is the same of the paper: "Investment in Information in Petroleum: Real Options and Revelation". Both, the Powerpoint and the Word files are available to download below.
Download the Powerpoint 97 file: marco_dias-cyprus-academic.ppt, with 454 KB.
Download the paper "Real Options in Upstream Petroleum: Overview of Models and Applications", a Word for Windows file marco_dias_revelation.doc, with 988 KB.
Or download the same paper in the compressed (.zip) Word for Windows file marco_dias_revelation.zip, with 156 KB.
This managerial/practitioner conference took place at Coral Beach, Paphos, Cyprus, in July 4-6, 2002.
The Keynote Address presentation title was: "Real Options in Petroleum: An Overview". The Powerpoint file is available to download below.
Download the Powerpoint 97 file: marco_dias-cyprus_2002-managerial.ppt, with 604 KB.
The file below is the Powerpoint presentation of my Keynote Speech at the International Real Option Workshop, May 6-8 2002 - Turku, Finland.
The title of the this presentation is "Overview of Real Options in Petroleum", equal to the MIT seminar, but there are differences mainly in the part of investment in information and revelation distribution (MIT presentation is more complete in this aspect, but less complete in other parts).
Use the full screen (or presentation mode) in the Powerpoint, in order to see the animation.
Download the paper "Real Options in Upstream Petroleum: Overview of Models and Applications" in compressed Word 97 for Windows: dias_petroleum_overview.zip, with 446 KB.
The file below is the Powerpoint presentation of my speech at the seminar Real Options in Real Life, presented May 2nd 2002 at MIT, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, U.S.A.
The title of the this presentation is "Overview of Real Options in Petroleum". Use the full screen (or presentation mode) in the Powerpoint, in order to see the animation.
The file below contains the assignment questions for the MIT second year students. It is in Word for Windows 97 format.
Download the Word for Windows 97 file of assignment questions: marco_dias_assignment_mit.doc.
Download the paper "Real Options in Upstream Petroleum: Overview of Models and Applications", in compressed Word 97 for Windows: dias_petroleum_overview.zip, with 446 KB.
Download the paper "Investment in Information in Petroleum: Real Options and Revelation", a Word for Windows file marco_dias_revelation.doc, with 988 KB.
Or download the non-compressed Excel File timing_inv_inf-hqr.xls with 796 KB .
The file below is the Powerpoint presentation of my speech at the "5th Annual International Conference on Real Options - Theory Meets Practice", UCLA, Los Angeles, July 13-14, 2001.
The title of the this presentation is "Selection of Alternatives of Investment in Information for Oilfield Development Using Evolutionary Real Options Approach".
Use the full screen (or presentation mode) in the Powerpoint, in order to see the animation. The file above was save without the embedding true-type fonts (which enlarge a lot the size).
Download the compressed Powerpoint 97 file with embedded true-type fonts: inform-evol_ro-dias-true_type.zip, with 2,027 KB.
Download the paper in compressed Word 97 for Windows: evol_ro-marco_dias.zip, with 594 KB.
The following two files are the presentations from my course taught at PUC-Rio, in 24 and 26 July, 2001. This course, named "Seminário em Opções Reais" was the participation of MBA and M.Sc. courses at PUC-Rio (from Dep. Industrial Eng.; Central of Courses of Extension and Institute of Adm. and Manag. - IAG).
The files are in Portuguese. Both are (compressed .zip) Powerpoint 95 for Windows files.
After many people asking me to receive the files from my M.Sc. in 1996, I decide to let the files available for downloading.
However, I need to alert that the numbering of pages, chapters, itens, tables, figures, and all the indexes, were automatized with the master-doc tool of Word. However, the Word version at this time (Word 6) is now an old Word version so that the tool (master-document) has not been working in the newer Word versions.
In other words, the files are available but the numbering not.
I still recommend for the interested in my dissertation to use the universitary library intercambio service available in most universities, and ask the PUC-Rio Library to send a copy of my dissertation to your university (the advantage is that the indexes, number, etc, are perfect).
Anyway, the files can be read without other problems. The dissertation name is: "Investment under Uncertainty in Exploration & Production of Petroleum".
The dissertation is divided into four files to downloading in compressed (.zip) format.
Download the compressed file: msc_doc-mestre-cap1-2.zip, with 192 KB.
Download the compressed file: msc_cap3-4.zip, with 408 KB.
Download the compressed file: msc_cap5-6.zip, with 221 KB.
Download the compressed file: msc_apendices.zip, with 218 KB.
Real Options Presentation in Chicago, September 2000.
The file below is a Powerpoint presentation of my speech in the "Real Options 2000 Conference - Capitalizing on Uncertainty and Volatility in the New Millennium", Chicago, September 25, 2000.
The title of the this presentation is "Visual FAQ's on Real Options".
Real Options Presentation in New Orleans, March 2000.
The file below is a Powerpoint presentation of my speech in the "Real Option Valuation Conference - Maximize Return & Minimize Risk in Strategic Investments", New Orleans, March 2000.
The title of the presentation is: "A Step-by-Step Approach to Improving Investment Decisions and Asset Valuation - Real Options in Exploration & Production of Petroleum"
Real Options using Optimization with Genetic Algorithms is a research report. This research aims to investigate the potential of evolutionary computing techniques to solve complex real options problems.
See more about this paper and related methods in the Monte Carlo with Real Options Webpage.
Real Options Presentation in the Conference: "New Approaches to Value Analysis: EVA, Real Options and ROV", New York, December 1999.
The title of the presentation was: "Real Options in Petroleum - Case Studies in Exploration & Production"
This paper, by Marco A.G. Dias and Katia M.C. Rocha, "Petroleum Concessions with Extendible Options Using Mean Reversion with Jumps to Model Oil Prices" was presented in the 3rd Annual International Conference on Real Options - Theory Meets Practice, Wassenaar/Leiden, The Netherlands, June 6-8, 1999.
See or download the paper (compressed .zip, from a Word for Windows file) either the latest version (2001) at the PUC-Rio WWW server; or the 1999 conference version of this paperavailable at the official webserver of the Conference on Real Options, in The Netherlands (Adobe Acrobat .pdf file).
Download a slightly different (and earlier) paper version, in the SSRN database, by clicking here.
Download the Powepoint-97 file from the Netherlands presentation, June/99.
The file below is a Powerpoint presentation of my speech in the Workshop on Real Options, Stavanger, May 1998.
See more details in the sponsor website (DSS project in the Netherlands) at Stavanger Workshop, May, 1998.
The name of the presentation is Investment under Uncertainty in Exploration & Production - Update and Overview of the M.Sc. Thesis.
Download the compressed self-extracting files below.
For a freeware Powerpoint viewer (you can see and print the file, but cannot change), go to Microsoft website.
The file below is a Powerpoint presentation that discuss the comparative statics for the American call option (real option).
The sensitivity analysis for the main parameters is performed, showing tornado charts (pointing out the most important parameters) and spider charts (indicating the variation of the base case with the parameters), allowing an in depth analysis of both the option value and the early exercise threshold.
About half-part of the presentation is dedicated to discuss the case of two parameters changing together. Comparative statics in general changes a single parameter, with the remaining parameters hold fixed (ceterius paribus).
However, is probably that s and d are not independent. As suggested by Dixit & Pindyck (chapter 5), these parameters can be linked by a CAPM equation (relating the risk-adjusted discount rate m and the volatility s) and by the total return equation m = a + d. See the complete discussion in the Powerpoint file.
For a freeware Powerpoint viewer (you can see and print the file, but not to change), go to Microsoft website.
The real options asymmetry gives important insights to strategic thinking. Concepts of option leverage and platform of investments options helps the manager to decide under uncertainty.
Instead fear or aversion to uncertainty, managers must to act in order to place uncertainty playing at his/her favor.
Put uncertainty as allied, not enemy! Judo strategy using options!
For while is available only the presentation in Portuguese. An updated version in English will be available in a future website update.
American Call Sensitivity Analysis with Static Charts!
More than 100 charts from American call option value and the threshold (early exercise price) are presented for several parameters value using interactive media. The pictures are in 16 colors to load faster.
The page use frames, and there is also a detailed explanation on the charts and related option features.
You can choose the type of chart (option value or threshold) and the parameter you want to perform the sensitivity study. All other parameters remain constant at the "Base Case" values. The "Base Case" values are always visible.
This feature uses frames and is best viewed with the video resolution of 800 x 600. However is available other version for low resolution video (640 x 480). Anyway, you can change the frame position to meet your visual convenience (click and drag the frame).
Click here to see the static sensitivity charts for video resolution of 800 x 600 or higher and also an explanation about the charts!
Click here to see the static sensitivity charts for video resolution of 640 x 480 and also an explanation about the charts!
American Call Sensitivity Analysis with Animated Charts!
There are 7 animated charts for American call option value and the threshold (early exercise price) in function of the main parameters, in order to see the sensitivity analysis.
Click here to see the dynamic sensitivity charts (resolution: 800 x 600 or higher) and explanation on the charts!
Click here to see the dynamic sensitivity charts (resolution: 640 x 480 or higher) and explanation on the charts!
Slides from a SPE Paper Presentation Now Are Online!
In the April 97 update, the Powerpoint files from the SPE presentation (and with additional slides) were available to download. Now the slides itself are online.
This is an option-game model for petroleum exploration and development investment decisions. The model combines real options in continuous time framework for development investment decision, sequential discrete time options for exploratory investment decision, and "war of attrition" (waiting game) game with incomplete information, in order to analyze the strategic interaction at the exploratory phase.
The model combines three sources of uncertainty: economic/market; technical; and strategic. The paper was presented in SPE Economics Symposium, in Dallas (March, 1997).
Now the slides are available online! Using frames you choose the slide, click and see.
Click here to see the SPE slides!
Download Powerpoint File from SPE Paper Presentation!
The paper was presented at 1997 SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium held on Dallas, TX (USA), March 18th, 1997. Request the paper from SPE (go to SPE homepage) and ask for SPE paper 37949. Ask also for the other two papers on real options presented in the same 1997 SPE Symposium: SPE paper 37948 and SPE paper 37965. In case of any problem to get the author's paper, send a message in the guestbook or send an e-mail to author.
Extended version of the presentation: there are 38 slides in the Powerpoint file, although only 23 slides were presented (due the time constraint of symposium).
After the download and after the decompression, you will get the decompressed file in Powerpoint format.
File with 271 Kbytes, Powerpoint, version for Windows 3.1.
Download Powerpoint File from M.Sc. Thesis Defense!
The Powerpoint Presentation of authors' M.Sc. dissertation is available in two languages: Portuguese and English.
(b) Portuguese version named Tesef256.ppt, with 705 KB in compressed version and 9,71 MB, after decompression.
These files are compressed (extension .zip), but is easy to make the decompression using some software (like Pkunzip, winzip, etc.). You can get it at Nico Mak Computing for Winzip, at Vertisoft for Zip-it, and at Pkware for PKZip.
Real Options Online Slides with Thumbnails Catalog!
There are twenty two slides available.
Go to the thumbnail (small figures) list (!), where you get an idea of the picture (looking the correspondent thumbnail) before load each large figure.
OBS: The pictures (small and large ones) are in 16 colors format, for faster loading. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Tengshe est un astérisme de l'astronomie chinoise. Il est décrit dans le traité astronomique du Shi Shi, qui décrit les astérismes composés des étoiles les plus brillantes du ciel. Il se compose de 22 étoiles relativement peu lumineuses, situées à cheval sur les constellations occidentales du Lézard et la partie occidentale de celle d'Andromède.
Composition de l'astérisme
Tengshe est un astérisme d'extension moyenne, mais de forme relativement tourmentée. Il est situé dans une région relativement peu fournie en étoiles brillantes, et sa composition est de fait incertaine. Elle comporte cependant probablement les étoiles principales de la constellation occidentale du Lézard, formant un motif caractéristique en dents de scie. À ces étoiles là s'ajoute environ une dizaine d'étoiles partant de la partie nord de la constellation du Lézard et allant vers l'est vers la partie occidentale de la constellation d'Andromède, et un plus petit groupe d'étoile situé en dessous. Une composition possible de l'astérisme est :
β Lacertae (magnitude apparente 4,4)
α Lacertae (3,8)
4 Lacertae (4,6)
5 Lacertae (4,3)
2 Lacertae (4,6)
6 Lacertae (4,5), cet ensemble de 6 étoiles formant la quasi-totalité du motif traditionnel de la constellation occidentale du Lézard
9 Lacertae (4,6)
HD 216946 (5,0)
3 Andromedae (4,6)
7 Andromedae (4,5)
8 Andromedae (4,8)
11 Andromedae (5,4)
λ Andromedae (3,8)
ψ Andromedae (5,0)
κ Andromedae (4,2)
ι Andromedae (4,3), ces 10 étoiles formant la partie orientale de l'astérisme
10 Lacertae (4,9)
12 Lacertae (5,2)
13 Lacertae (5,1)
ο Andromedae (3,9)
15 Lacertae (4,9)
11 Lacertae (4,5), cet ensemble de 6 étoiles formant la partie basse de l'astérisme
Symbolique
Tengshe représente un serpent aquatique, représenté sur la rive de Tianhe, le fleuve céleste que symbolise la Voie lactée.
Astérismes associés
Il existe le long de la Voie lactée divers astérismes explicitement associés au fleuve céleste qu'elle représente. Parmi ceux-ci se trouvent Tianjin, un gué permettant de traverser le fleuve (constellation du Cygne), et Tianchuan, un bateau naviguant sur le fleuve (constellation de Persée). D'autres animaux vivent en sus de Tengshe dans le fleuve, notamment des tortues, Bie et Gui (constellations de la Couronne australe et de l'Autel).
Voir aussi
Liste des astérismes de l'astronomie chinoise
Référence
, page 150.
Note
Astronomie chinoise
Astérisme
Constellation du Lézard
Constellation d'Andromède | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Q: $I^{j}/I^{j+1} \cong R/I$ for any ideal I in ring R. Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1$ and $I$ be an ideal in it. Let $\overline{\alpha} \in I^j\setminus I^{j+1}$ and define $\theta\colon R \to I^j/I^{j+1}$ by $\theta(x)=\overline{\alpha x}$. My question is whether $I=\ker(\theta)$.
A: Take the ring $R = k[x,y]$, $k$ a field. Take the maximal ideal $I = (x,y)$. Then $R/I \cong k$ and so it is a one dimensional $k$-vector space. But $I^n / I^{n+1}$ is an
${n+1 \choose n}$-dimensional $k$ vector space.
Note that the number of monomials of degree $n$ in $D$ variables is ${n+D-1 \choose n}$.
A: No! This is not true. $R$ may contains zero-divisors and the element $\alpha$ may be an zero-divisor with the property that $\alpha \beta = 0, \beta \notin I.$
Example: $R = \mathbb Z_4[x], I=(x).$ Then $I^2=(x^2).$ Choose $\alpha = 2x.$ Then $2 \in \ker \theta.$ But $2 \notin I.$
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Scotland's international exports increased in 2017, up 6.2 per cent to £32.4 billion. Scotland's exports to the rest of the UK also increased, up 4.6 per cent.
Scotland's Chief Statistician today released Export Statistics Scotland 2017, which provides estimates of the cash value of Scotland's exports of goods and services, by industry and destination in 2017. These show that Scotland's international exports (excluding oil and gas) increased by £1.9 billion (6.2 per cent) to £32.4 billion in 2017. This is the highest annual growth rate since 2011.
The latest statistics show strong performance for the manufacturing sector, driven by growth in exports of refined petroleum and chemical products, up £915 million (35.6 per cent) and exports of computer, electronic and optical products, up £550 million (41.1 per cent). The food and beverages sector also contributed to the overall increase, with exports up £455 million (8.4 per cent) to £5.9 billion in 2017, underpinned by strong whisky exports (£4.4 billion in 2017).
EU exports provided the majority of the growth in the value of international exports, increasing by £1.7 billion (13.3 per cent) to £14.9 billion in 2017. Scotland's exports to non-EU countries grew at a slower rate, increasing by £145 million (0.8 per cent) to £17.6 billion.
Scottish exports to the rest of the UK (excluding oil and gas) increased in 2017, up £2.2 billion (4.6 per cent) to £48.9 billion. This was driven by increased exports from the service sector, and in particular, exports of financial and insurance activities which increased by £1.2 billion (15.0 per cent) to £9.1 billion.
Total international and rest of the UK exports in 2017 (excluding oil and gas) were estimated at £81.4 billion, up £4.1 billion (5.2 per cent) from the previous year. Exports to the rest of the UK accounted for 60 per cent of this overall total, EU exports accounted for 18 per cent and non-EU exports accounted for 22 per cent.
The USA continues to be Scotland's top international export destination country with an estimated £5.5 billion of exports of goods and services from Scotland in 2017. Within the EU, the Netherlands (£2.5 billion) continues to be the largest market, followed by France (£2.4 billion) and Germany (£2.3 billion) in 2017.
This publication presents the most recent data for exports of goods and services from Scotland for 2002 to 2017. Data has been revised from previous versions, to take into account new information and sources. These published estimates relate to both international and rest of the UK exports and exclude exports of oil and gas extracted from the UK continental shelf.
Answers to some of the most common questions on Scottish export statistics are available on our FAQs section of the website. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Send Flowers for Roland
Roland William Hart
November 8, 1929 ~ January 7, 2020 (age 90)
Roland William Hart was born November 8, 1929, in Douglas, Wyoming, and died January 7, 2020, in Casper, Wyoming. He lived 88 of his 90 years in Wyoming and often told his children in his later years that he would never leave Wyoming.
Funeral services will be Saturday, January 11, 2020, at 1:00 PM, Highland Park Community Church, with a reception to follow and private inurnment in Douglas.
Roland graduated from Douglas High School in 1947 and the University of Wyoming in 1951. He attended college on a full scholarship and worked at his fraternity, Acacia, to earn room and board. He received a BS in "Petroleum Engineering" and worked in the oil fields from 1951 until November 1994.
Roland met Lois Katherine Hattell in May of 1951 and they were married in February of 1952 for 64 years, until Lois's death.
Roland and Lois had 4 children: Rolanda (Roe) Dodgen (Jim), California: David Hart (Becky), Cheyenne: Sharon Jaworski Geiss (Steve), Kansas: and Paul Hart (Beth), Denver. They were blessed with 9 grandchildren and 8 great grandchildren. James Dodgen, Briell Stratton (Gerry), Simon Dodgen (Amber), Natasha Jaworski Moser (Matthew), Roland Hart Jaworski (Liza), Sophia Jaworski (deceased), Stephanie Hart (Donald) and Jeffrey Hart.
He was preceded in death by his parents; Homer and Ida May Hart, a brother, Richard Hart, a sister, Helena Mueller and son, and granddaughter Sophia.
He was a devoted husband, father and grandfather. He was a member of the Gideon's since 1961 and had the honor of traveling with the Gideon's to place bibles in the Philippines. He was an active member for 40 years at Highland Park Community Church. He was involved for several years with a ministry to inmates at the county jail where he made a lasting impact on many men.
To send flowers to Roland's family, please visit our floral section.
Highland Park Community Church (Casper)
5725 Highland Dr. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Begging to be saved from writer's block.
Well, I'm going to use Dorea Black Potter as James's mother, even though the dates don't entirely make sense, because I can't think of a reason she'd have been mentioned on the tree with a single son except to imply that she's James's mother.
"My son," Walburga Black said, "would hardly be involved in this sort of business if he had been placed in his proper house, away from these sorts of influences." She looked down her nose at Julia.
"Oh, shut it, Walburga," Dorea Potter said. Nelwyn Pettigrew looked between them. Julia guessed she was trying to judge which one of them was more highly placed socially.
"I will not do any such thing!" Walburga said. "The fact that you've married into a family of blood traitors like the Potters says all it needs to say about your judgment."
Dorea rolled her eyes, then looked at Julia with a grin. "She's right, of course. Your Remus is such a trouble-maker. I understand he pressured James into... oh, I can't even say it out loud." She leaned forward and stage whispered, "Studying. I hear he made him do it all evening before a test, and then forced him to sleep before taking it. James was very disturbed by this."
Julia nodded, feigning sympathy. "Yes, I know. He's always been a handful. Sometimes, I've caught him boxing up his belongings from the floor and putting them in a cupboard. Imagine!"
"It's clearly your bad blood showing." Dorea winked.
Nelwyn nudged her chair over and smiled brightly. Her hair was done in long, fussy ringlets, her face painted exquisitely. Julia thought that underneath it all, she probably looked rather like her son Peter, but Julia quite frankly preferred the homely boy to his over-coiffed mother. "Is the Headmaster going to speak to us, or are we waiting for Professor McGonagall?"
"Hmph!" Walburga snorted, making her opinion of Minerva McGonagall clear enough without words that she hardly needed to add, "The notion of my son answering to that self-righteous shrew is abhorrent."
"Really, Walburga," Julia said, "I doubt that Minerva is keeping up a school-girl feud."
Walburga turned to glare at her, but didn't say anything. Julia could count on one hand the number of times her son's friend's mother had spoken to her in four years. And in each of those instances, the word "mudblood" had come up. Julia suspected that only Dorea's presence--she was Walburga's aunt, though they were only a few years apart in age--kept her from using it now. Dorea Potter was no one to annoy. She sat on the Wizengamot and had been known to propose laws with no discernible purpose other than annoying her kin, though of course they were surrounded with high-flown language meant to obscure this fact.
Nelwyn worried at her nails for a moment, charming hangnails away and tweaking their color. "You don't suppose they mean to expel the boys, do you? They haven't even had their O.W.L.s yet!"
"I think we'd have got a more sternly worded letter about that," Julia said. "I think Minerva wants to talk about them over tea. She said that we ought to work on finding better ways to spend their energy. I've thought perhaps they could do some charitable work." She caught herself. "Well, Remus can. I don't know what the lot of you have in mind."
"Hard labor," Dorea said cheerfully. "We could put them to work in a farmer's field."
"I hardly think that's appropriate for our sons," Walburga said. "They are of the Ancient and Most Noble..."
"The Ancient and Most Noble could stand to get some dirt under its nails," Dorea told her. "And if you're not careful, I'll put you out there as well."
Walburga drew her wand. "And how do you see yourself accomplishing that?"
"I am your aunt. Your elder. We both know where the House stands on such things."
Walburga ground her teeth and turned away. Dorea smiled wickedly.
The door to the office opened, and Minerva McGonagall came in, followed by a tea set. She smiled politely. "Ah, Mrs. Potter, Mrs. Lupin, Mrs. Pettigrew. I'm glad you've already made yourselves comfortable. Please have a seat, Bugga. I'm sorry I was late. I had to give Sirius another detention."
Also, Dorea Potter+ Julia Lupin= LOVE.
Hmm, but if she was Walburga's aunt, that'd make Sirius and James... Sirius would be her great nephew....... So SOME manner of cousin I guess.
God, everyone's related to everyone *head explodes*.
Luckily I DO have a fast connection! (Well, sort of anyway. Workable, anyway.) And yep, it's her aunt. And despite Dorea's death date, it would work. She'd be 40- that's not REALLY very old, I sort of expected James's parents to be in their fifties, but then again that may not be possible so 40 works. Again the death date is off, but someone else on there apparently had a child when they were 13, so we can excuse JKR's terrible math.
Also, I think Molly and Author were some form of cousin since Lucretia married a Prewett...... but there could be more than one Prewett and these confuse me terribly so... I'm not going to attempt to understand it better.
OK, I can't say anymore, I'm giggling too much to be able to type.
Ah!Someone *else* bullying Bugga (how awesome is that nickname,btw?)That's like...justice!
Apart from the dates that don't seem to fit I've always wondered how come Walburga didn't burn Dorea off the family tree for marrying a blood traitor AND sheltering Sirius. But it makes sense with Dorea having such a high status.
I wonder if James was also burnt off...And it always seemed odd that Sirius didn't mention this connection to Harry when he was showing him the tree.
The fact he didn't make the connection makes me wonder if it IS supposed to be Dorea- you'd imagine Sirius would go "And there's your grandmother, Dorea. Your father and I are... some form of cousin, I can't remember anymore."
ETA: The minute I saw that nickname for Walburga, I knew I had to drive Mrs. Black to utter distraction with it.
Dorea Potter was no one to annoy. She sat on the Wizengamot and had been known to propose laws with no discernible purpose other than annoying her kin, though of course they were surrounded with high-flown language meant to obscure this fact.
*shrieks with laughter* I love this. I hope James adored her suitably.
LOL. No wonder Sirius adored her and ran away there! And of course, if he ran away to live with relatives, his own parents could hardly make too much of a fuss to get him back, even if he was under-age.
This was awesome! I loved Dorea so much; I wish there were more fics with her, preferably characterized like this, of course. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
All items will ship within 5 business days, unless otherwise stated.
My goal is that you are completely satisfied with your products! If for any reason you are not satisfied, please contact me and I will do my best to work with you on providing a refund or exchange. Because every situation is unique, I will handle these issues on a case by case basis. Whether a refund or exchange is in order will be up to my discretion. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
A recently refurbished TWO DOUBLE BEDROOM apartment within walking distance to the city centre. Comprising of a lounge, fitted kitchen with cooker, fridge/freezer and washing machine, bathroom with white suite and shower. The apartment is located behind electronic security gates with CCTV cameras and secure entrance system. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Main Blog > Periodic Picnic Table
Periodic Picnic Table
John Farrier • Friday, October 30, 2009 at 1:01 PM
In 2003, Wake Forest University students Nazila Alimohammadi and Anna Clark built this picnic table in the shape of the periodic table of elements. From a campus newspaper:
The two women students created the sculpture as part of a public art course taught in the fall by David Finn, associate professor of art. Students in the class were paired up and assigned to work with campus organizations in creating works for public display. "We wanted our project to be fun and functional without a lot of emotional or political content," Clark says. An aspiring dentist, Alimohammadi had taken several chemistry classes and suggested working with that department. They devised their "Periodic Table" concept — a pun of the familiar Periodic Table of Elements configuration — and the department responded enthusiastically. Alimohammadi did the structural steel work and Clark hand-painted the surface tiles. The piece, which was dedicated in an informal picnic ceremony on April 15, is accurate in every detail, right down to the auxiliary lanthanides and actinides tables that constitute the table's bench.
Link via Make | Image: Anonymous Make reader
Tags: Sculpture, Periodic Table Of Elements, Wake Forest University, Nazila Alimohammadi, Anna Clark, Picnic Table
Mike is Bored • 14Nov09 8:14pm • 0
This is very very cool. I like tile surface for the table. I would like a small coffee table like this!
SpookyVeracosa • 30Oct09 2:06pm • 0
awesome! Although that circular periodic table we saw a few days ago would have made a more practical table surface.
this is a classic though!
"Periodic Picnic Table" | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
We are interested to purchase 100 tons and more of Brass scrap. We require quality scraps from genuine suppliers. We guarantee you that payment will be made as it is specified in the terms and conditions. We will be happy to get involved in a long term business relationship with your esteem company. Please contact us today with your scrap availability, shipping mode, destination port and price quotes. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
This is the plastic safety shear pin that commonly breaks. It is designed to snap if there is too much resistance on the seat track. It is designed to break instead of cracking the plastic transmission housing or straining the motor to a point where it blows the fuse. If you have hit the power seat switch & you hear the motor(s) running but it isn't going any where it is a good chance this has snapped. They are a white plastic that become fragile over the yeras. This new GM part # 20614175 replacement coupling is deisgned to be stronger but still snap in a problem event. It is a much better quality plastic with a higher resin base.
Fits all GBodys with power seats. Also fits a wide array of other vehicles. Just take a look at the track. If it has an old hour glass design this should work. There will be 1 single motor.
Shipped faster than expected and fits like a glove! I love b .. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Discussion: How can businesses best serve transgender people?
Sponsored by Lloyds Banking Group
PinkNews joined with Lloyds Banking Group to discuss how businesses in the UK can best serve transgender employees and customers.
Leaders from the world of retail, health, banking, insurance, media and politics joined the roundtable dinner. Politicians attending included the Minister for Women, Equalities and Early Years Caroline Dinenage, SNP member of the House of Commons Women and Equalities select committee Angela Crawley, former Minister for Equalities Baroness Featherstone as well as David Isaac, the Chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC).
"Who has a gender neutral toilets policy in their office?" PinkNews CEO, Benjamin Cohen, asked. About a third of people put their hands up. "Still a long way to go, then."
"When the Gender Recognition Act became law in 2004," Benjamin began, "it was considered to be the most advanced legislation in the world. But now, in 2017, it seems to be lagging behind some other countries."
Awareness of trans issues has become increasingly mainstream – as we sat for dinner, PinkNews had published 11,960 articles on trans issues – yet the increased awareness has highlighted how far there is for business to go.
(Left to right: Benjamin Cohen, PinkNews CEO; Karin Cook, Lloyds Bank; Caroline Dinenage MP, Equalities Minister)
Karin Cook, Group Director, Operations at Lloyds Bank, said that discussions like this one are crucial – we all benefit when people "can bring their whole selves to work". Lloyds has produced a guide for all employees on LGBT issues and now lets them choose their own uniforms, rather than being prescribed one based on assumptions. But it will take companies from across the board to further this agenda.
Toilets and changing rooms
Gender-neutral toilets have been all over the news of late. In the US, President Trump is rolling back protections on this issue in schools. Karin Cook noted that Lloyds is looking to introduce a pilot of gender neutral toilets, but discussions are ongoing.
Brigadier Bobby Walton-Knight, Assistant Chief of Staff (Support) to the Field Army, said much of the army's new accommodation is en-suite, resolving the issue of gendered barracks. He was confident that the Army could adjust to the requirements of trans officers and frontline personnel as and when they come through. Caroline Dinenage MP, Equalities Minister, recalled that on her visit to the Falkland Islands all of the army accommodation was gender-neutral because it was built when only men were allowed on the frontline.
ITV's Director of Creative and Co-Chair of ITV Pride, Matt Scarff, noted the redevelopment of ITV's flagship building on the Southbank, where discussions are ongoing to have gender neutral toilets in the new building. This is something Channel 4 has already introduced on their ground floor.
Oliver Entwistle, Head of LGB&T Policy Team in the Government Equalities Office, shared that two government departments are introducing gender-neutral bathrooms. The departments will be going for a mixed approach between gender neutral toilets and male or female-only toilets.
(Centre: Kimberley Bird, Trans*formation and Lloyds Bank)
John Basnage, of Hogan Lovells, said that it has introduced gender-neutral toilets in its offices but added: "we don't know what sign is appropriate to use yet." David Sellick, Partner and LGBT Executive Sponsor of Ernst & Young, said: "At EY we're beginning to rebadge our accessible restrooms as 'Inclusive Restrooms' which feature clear gender neutral signage. This next step on our own journey follows the publication of EY's gender identity, expression and transition internal support guidelines in October 2016."
One of the most challenging areas under discussion was gym changing rooms. Mark Forrest, Head of HR at Nuffield Health, recalled the case of one trans woman who had wanted to use the women's changing rooms. The general manager of the branch did not know what to do. After a number of discussions and training, the manager agreed to let the member use their preferred changing rooms. However several other women complained about the trans woman and threatened to cancel their membership. This is an on-going issue. It was also noted that profit margins in the leisure industry are slim, and it can be challenging, sometimes impossible, to reconfigure buildings to account for new gender-neutral facilities or cubicles.
John Dickinson, Chair of Tesco OUT, highlighted that Tesco has always had gender-neutral changing rooms due to the shortage of space for such facilities in stores.
Isabella Segal, a partner in London accountancy firm Nyman Libson Paul, pointed out that trans people themselves are divided on the issue. She said that as a post-op transgender woman she didn't want to use a gender neutral changing room or bathroom, she wanted a women's one.
(Isabella Segal, Nyman Libson Paul accountants)
One contributor, concluding, joked that: "People can pee wherever they like, so long as it's in the toilet!"
Baroness Featherstone condemned comments by BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour host Dame Jenni Murray, who had written in the Sunday Times that "trans women aren't real women". It was noted by others around the table that Dame Murray used her prominent position to make a deeply divisive comment, and the lack of punishment from the BBC was indicative of trans issues finding themselves somewhat down the pecking order.
It was highlighted that newspapers frequently report trans issues inadequately, and they need better education. Caroline Dinenage said that she has arranged events with editors previously, in an attempt to bring them up to speed on best practice for reporting such issue. However, often those who accept are already on side, such as PinkNews.
ITV's Matt Scarff said the company has held a series of 'lunch and learn' events for staff, including lunches attended by newsreader India Willoughby and radio DJ Stephanie Hirst, and they have proved effective in educating colleagues on the issues and best practice in the workplace.
David Isaac, Chair of the Equality and Human Rights Commission, echoed the need for better training for the media. However, as the former Chair of Stonewall, he was also optimistic – whereas LGB issues had taken three decades to become mainstream, awareness on trans issues was developing much more speedily. David also explained the critical role the EHRC could play in driving change by bringing strategic test cases.
Dr James Bellringer, Urology Consultant and an expert in gender reassignment, highlighted a dire state of affairs for gender reassignment resources. Demand is increasing 20% year on year, but the resources allocated are not. The funding allocations for gender reassignment are insufficient by the time they're decided, and it is causing a major backlog, he said.
Many doctors and GPs coming through the NHS also are not given training on gender issues. Dr Bellringer acknowledged that the extent of issues newly qualified doctors need to learn about is vast, and gender reassignment is considered a low priority compared to spotting a poorly child, for example.
More seriously, he mooted instances of some GPs, themselves small businesses, refusing to supply hormones to trans patients. Some have refused on 'moral grounds' to supply trans patients with appropriate hormone treatments, which has been known to push some patients into purchasing seriously dangerous drugs on the internet and elsewhere.
(Dr. James Bellringer, Urology consultant)
There isn't a single underwriter in the UK that caters for the medical needs of trans people, Kimberley Bird, from Trans*formation, said. Although Lloyds has a system whereby they pay into a trust, rather than medical insurance for colleagues, meaning they have been able to provide trans health care for employees.
Forms and data
John Dickinson, Group Diversity and Inclusion manager at Tesco, said that the company is looking to move to big data, instead of relying on gender. For example, Benjamin Cohen, PinkNews CEO, noted that his supermarket knows that he is a vegetarian, despite having not told it.
Benjamin highlighted that many forms ask for a title – such as Mr/Miss/Mrs – including workplace forms. It was suggested employee contracts and data collection should be gender neutral. Emma Cusdin, HR Business Partner and co-found of trans*formation at Aviva, argued for an Mx option to be included when asking for a title.
Some people suggested employers should record if they have trans employees, and how many. It was pointed out, however, that employers are very reluctant to do so as they can get a fine of £5,000 per person if that data is accidentally or purposefully leaked.
Many of the companies that were around the table are large and employ many thousands of people. While they can set positive trends within their company, what can be done for small businesses? Fiona Cannon, Group Director, Inclusion and Diversity at Lloyds, argued that the likes of Lloyds and similar major companies are key to setting a positive example. They need to, firstly, pave the way for best practice in trans inclusion in business. Secondly, they have a direct role to play in helping growing businesses by explaining methods they can be trans friendly to colleagues and customers in ways that benefit their business overall.
It was widely agreed that the Gender Recognition Act requires updating, something the Equality Minister Caroline Dinenage concurred with. Others around the table led by Angela Crawley suggested the Equality Act needs updating, with Isabella Segal, of Nyman Libson Paul, specifically mentioning the 'spousal veto' being outdated. The minister said: "we will continue to keep the issue under review."
It was agreed that the economic case for assisting trans staff is strong. James Bellringer, gender reassignment expert, noted evidence that suggests trans employees perform much better after completing their transition, frequently climbing the career ladder faster. This benefits both business and the government with more productive employees, earning more and therefore paying more in taxation.
(Fiona Cannon, Lloyds Bank; Emma Cusdin, Trans*formation and Aviva)
The PinkNews roundtable dinner was sponsored by Lloyds Banking Group.
More: Banking, Employment, Gay, LGBT, lloyds, pink news, PinkNews, Trans
Indian marriage site Shaadi.com to start matchmaking LGBT+ couples – despite same-sex wedding ban
Mishti Ali - December 23, 2021
Gay bar owners forced to walk away after months of threats and violence: 'We can't go any further'
Bank that refused same-sex couple after LGBT+ 'PR blitz' issues grovelling apology
Josh Milton - November 3, 2021
G-A-Y boss claims he's 'Willy Wonka' and gives away his 'chocolate factory' nightclub to new owner
Emma Powys Maurice - November 2, 2021 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
An amateur astronomic journey begins
Sky Map
StarGazing Map
My Equipment
Messier Objects
History of Astronomy
Messier 2 – Globular Cluster
Detailed photo taken by Hubble Telescope. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, G. Piotto et al.
The second object of the Messier Catalogue is the called Messier 2 or Globular Cluster. It is one of the largest globular clusters in our Milky Way galaxy. It is located some 37,500 light years away from us and it lies on the Constellation of Aquarius.
It consists of around 150,000 stars concentrated in an dense area with approximately 175 light years diameter. It's most bright stars are red and yellow giant stars and it is considered one of the oldest globular clusters in our Milky Way with an age of around 13 billion years old!
Image of M2 taken by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer Telescope. Image Credit Image credit: NASA/JPL/California Institute of Technology
Type: Globular cluster
Magnitude: 6.25
Right Ascension : 21h 33m27.2s
Declination: -00°44'20.4"
Distance: 37,500 light years
Constellation: Aquarius
Best viewed during: Autumn
Locating the Globular Cluster can be tricky, as it lies above the Aquarius Constellation in a low density area. The Aquarius constellation is best visible between months July and November, being at its peak during October.
The two brightest stars of the Constellation are called Alpha Aquarii and Beta Aquarii and they are both yellow supergiants.
The Messier 2 Globular Cluster lies around 4.4 degrees above the Beta Aquarii. One of the easiest ways of calculating these 4.4 degrees, is to extend your hand to the direction you want and then use your three middle fingers from Beta Aquarii.
How to locate it
First you have to locate Alpha and Beta Aquarii which are the brightest stars in the Aquarius Constellation.
Once you locate those two bright stars, you can create a Right triangle, on which the right angle will be next to the Globular Cluster.
Alternatively, you could locate Beta Aquarii and then find it about 4.5 degrees above, using the finger method.
Messier 1 – Supernova Remnant | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
ART CRITICISM, THEORY AND HISTORY
Flexi, 6.75 x 9.25 in. / 192 pgs / 50 color.
Pontus Hultén and Moderna Museet: The Formative Years
Edited by Anna Tellgren. Foreword by Daniel Birnbaum. Text by Patrik Andersson, Annika Gunnarsson, Ylva Hillström, Pontus Hultén, et al.
The legendary curator Pontus Hultén (1924–2006) worked at Moderna Museet in Stockholm between 1958 and 1973. In 1960 he was appointed director. It was in this role that he built the collection and the museum's international reputation, with exhibitions such as Movement in Art (1961), American Pop Art (1964), Niki de Saint-Phalle's She–A Cathedral (1966) and Warhol's first European solo exhibition (1968). In 2005 Hultén donated his art collection, library and archives to Moderna Museet. Pontus Hultén and Moderna Museet: The Formative Years explores Hultén's practice as a curator and director. In addition to new essays, the book contains archival photographs and documents as well as a previously unpublished 1962 text by Hultén outlining his ideas on how an art museum should run.
Excerpt from "How does one wish a museum for
modern art to function?" attached to a letter Pontus Hultén sent to the Dutch art collector and professor Pieter Sanders on December 4,
1962.
"How often has it not happened that two friends in discussing an art work, which is loved by both, have discovered that they admire it for entirely different reasons, almost like seeing two entirely different pieces of art. This is not directly connected with the form of the art work, its appearance. The more simple the form, the more complex the experience may be. I mean that the genial art work is as many sided as an infinite polygon, and inasmuch as time and spectators move they constantly discover new sides. We admire the Altamira-grotto paintings for other reasons than the contemporaries. We cannot see a Vermeer or Leonardo as one saw their works during the 16th or 17th century, they reflect now another light coming from another point of departure, but we can love them, nevertheless, from our viewpoint because they have this wonderful richness. The more versatile an art work, the larger is its 'quality.' And this is directly connected with the fact that one believes that the unique in the existence of each individual is a fundamental value. 'Poetry must be done by all and not by only one,' writes Lautreamont."
FORTHCOMING AND NEW: CRITICISM AND THEORY
OSLO PILOT (2015–17)
MOUSSE PUBLISHING
Edited by Serkan Ozkaya.
THE ETERNAL BAROQUE
Edited by Maria Giulia Barberini, Mary L. Levkoff, Carolyn H. Miner, Guilhem Scherf, Jeremy Warren, Patricia Wengraf.
THE AMERICAN TORNADO: ART IN POWER 1949-2008
By Germano Celant.
LONDON DIALOGUES
Edited by Hans Ulrich Obrist, Rem Koolhaas.
MAGICIANS & CHARLATANS
By Jed Perl.
EAKINS PRESS FOUNDATION
USD $45.00 | CAN $55 UK £ 40
THE STANDARD BOOK OF NOUN-VERB EXHIBITION GRAMMAR
Edited with text by Niekolaas Johannes Lekkerkerk. Text and afterword by Timotheus Vermeulen.
ONOMATOPEE
ARTIST-RUN EUROPE
Edited by David Mollin, John Reardon.
RIDINGHOUSE
Pub Date: 10/1/2009
THE COLLECTED WRITINGS OF JON THOMPSON
By Jon Thompson.
THE SPACE BETWEEN: COLLECTED WRITINGS
By Michael Bracewell.
FORMAT: Flexi, 6.75 x 9.25 in. / 192 pgs / 50 color.
PUBLISHER: Koenig Books
TERRITORY: NA LA ASIA AU/NZ AFR
D.A.P. CATALOG: FALL 2017 Page 159 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Justia Patents Gas Separation: Processes Patents Electric Or Electrostatic Field (e.g., Electrostatic Precipitation, Etc.) Patents With Cleaning Of Collector Electrode Patents (Class 95/74)
With Cleaning Of Collector Electrode Patents (Class 95/74)
By liquid flushing (Class 95/75)
By scraping or vibrating (Class 95/76)
Abstract: An air cleaner includes a flying body having a main body unit in which a control unit controlling flying movement is stored, and a propeller disposed around the main body as propulsion for floating the flying body; and a dust collector connected to the flying body, and including an intake opening and an exhaust opening. The propeller is disposed inside or under the dust collector, the dust collector electrostatically attracts dust in air flowing from the intake opening, and the flying body is a drone structured so that the propeller takes in air from an upper side and exhausts the air to a lower side.
Assignee: CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Inventors: Li Luo, Yoshiaki Tatsumi, Kazuki Tsuboi
Method and exhaust-gas treatment device for regenerating an exhaust-gas purification component and motor vehicle having the exhaust-gas treatment device
Abstract: A method and an exhaust-gas treatment device for regenerating an exhaust-gas purification component include charging at least one capacitor and heating at least one sub-volume of the exhaust-gas purification component to at least 900° C. by supplying at least a part of the energy stored in the capacitor. A particle burn-off reaction can be started from the at least one sub-volume for a large volume of exhaust-gas purification components. Exhaust-gas purification components in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine can thus be completely regenerated in an energy-efficient manner. A vehicle having the exhaust-gas treatment device and carrying out the method is also provided.
Date of Patent: December 13, 2016
Assignee: EMITEC Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Inventors: Jan Hodgson, Christian Vorsmann
RAPPING AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Abstract: For the sake of improving dust removal from an electrostatic precipitator by rapping, the present disclosure proposes an electrostatic precipitator, comprising a flue gas chamber, a collecting electrode, a first rapping arrangement that raps the collecting electrode, a dust hopper, and a second rapping arrangement that raps at least one of the dust hopper and an element located within the dust hopper, wherein the second rapping arrangement is located within an inner chamber defined by the flue gas chamber and the dust hopper. The rapping by means of the second rapping arrangement may comprise rapping at least one of an inner wall of the dust hopper, a structural element located within the dust hopper and connected to at least one inner wall of the dust hopper, a rapping plate located within the dust hopper proximate to an inner wall of the dust hopper, and a baffle located within the dust hopper.
Inventor: Ireneusz MALEC
Device for collecting particles that have a strong electron affinity
Abstract: A device for collecting particles that have a high electron affinity, particularly explosive particles, from a gas, includes a flow channel (12a) in which at least one electrically positive collector electrode (20a) and at least one ionising electrode (18a) are arranged, between which an electrical field is present so that the particles having high electron affinity can be indirectly charged by corona discharge on the ionising electrode (18a) and can be displaced towards the collector electrode (20a).
Date of Patent: October 7, 2014
Assignee: EADS Deutschland GmbH
Inventors: Sebastian Beer, Gerhard Müller, Jan Spannhake, Wolfgang Legner
Modular ductwork decontamination assembly
Abstract: A modular ductwork assembly decontaminates an air stream circulating within a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The assembly includes one or more of (a) an ionizing module for removing particulates from the air stream, (b) a sterilization module for neutralizing airborne pathogens present in the air stream, (c) an ozone treatment module for neutralizing pathogens or odoriferous or gaseous constituents or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the air stream, optionally (d) baffles for slowing and disrupting the flow rate and promoting turbulence in the air stream traveling through the modules, optionally (e) a fan module for directing a treated air stream, optionally (f) an ozone sensor, optionally (g) a monitoring or ozone control means, and optionally (h) a means of delivering and repurposing generated ozone. Each of the modules is arranged substantially adjacent to at least one of the other modules.
Inventor: Karen Metteer
Air quality enhancement system
Abstract: A system for enhancing air quality by collecting airborne particles. The system includes at least one ground plane, at least one corona point, an ionization field strength adjustment mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. The at least one ground plane is operably mounted proximate to where the airborne particles are present. The at least one ground plane includes at least one ground plane surface. The least one corona point operably is mounted to the at least one ground plane for causing an accumulation of particles to be deposited on the at least one ground plane surface. The ionization field strength adjustment mechanism enables a distance between the at least one corona point and the at least one ground plane to be adjusted. The cleaning mechanism is capable of removing the accumulation of particles from the at least one ground plane surface.
Date of Patent: April 8, 2014
Assignee: Baumgartner Environics, Inc
Inventors: John Baumgartner, Matthew Baumgartner
Hot sieving electrostatic precipitator
Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator and a method of removal of particulates from gaseous flows. A plurality of screens, secured in sets within a central chamber in a housing, include at least one set of electrically chargeable first screens and at least one set of electrically grounded second screens. For each set of chargeable screens, all the screens of the set are provided with an identical electrical charge, either positive or negative, and the set is provided with a plurality of spikes directed at the oncoming gaseous flow. At least one screen cleaning unit selectively acts on the screens of each set. The precipitator can include a plurality of central chambers in a single housing or separate housings, and the chambers can be selectively activated or deactivated. The precipitator provides improved particulate removal from gaseous flows, including hot flows having temperatures up to at least 1200° C.
Assignee: Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources
Inventors: Kourosh Zanganeh, Zahirul Hasan Khan, Carlos Salvador, Jack Jensen
Self-cleaning electret filter
Abstract: An illustrative filter includes an electret material, which has a long-lasting electric charge, that is at least partially coated or covered with a conductive layer. An optional insulation layer may be disposed over at least part of the conductive layer. If the electret material has a positive charge, then the filter attracts particles with a negative charge, and vice versa. The filter adsorbs the attracted particles until it becomes saturated with particles, at which point the conductive layer is charged to have a polarity that is opposite the built-in polarity of the electret and that matches the polarity of the adsorbed particles. The charged conduction layer repels the adsorbed particles from the filter, cleaning the filter for continued use.
Date of Patent: December 3, 2013
Assignee: Empire Technology Development LLC
Inventor: Yuchen Ma
Automated dust filter cleaning
Abstract: A method of cleaning a dust filter includes applying a negative electrical potential to a first electrode in a first area of a dust filter and applying a positive electrical potential to a second electrode disposed in a second area of the dust filter, wherein a voltage differential between the first and second electrodes is sufficient to cause electrostatic movement of dust from the first area to the second area. Then, the method further includes applying a negative electrical potential to the second electrode and applying a positive electrical potential to a third electrode disposed in a third area of the dust filter, wherein a voltage differential between the second and third electrodes is sufficient to cause electrostatic movement of dust from the second area to the third area, and wherein the first, second and third areas are generally linearly arranged.
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors: Kathy L. Brown-Fitzpatrick, Gary D. Cudak, Christopher J. Hardee, James R. Lee, John Lloyd, William E. Lohmeyer, Jr., Andrew H. Wray
Method to control particulate matter emissions
Abstract: A method for removing particulate matter from a particulate-bearing gas stream includes flowing a particulate-bearing gas stream at a first volumetric flow rate to a plurality of ESP units; producing electrically charged particulate matter; collecting electrically charged particulate matter on collection electrode plates; reducing the flow through at least one of the ESP units; sequentially increasing the flow through one or more remaining ESP units in an amount so as to maintain the sum of flow through all of the ESP units at the first volumetric flow rate; subjecting the collection electrode plates in the at least one ESP unit with reduced flow to forces which dislodge the particulate matter from the collection electrode plates; collecting the dislodged particulate matter in a particulate collection receptacle; and withdrawing a gas stream of reduced particulate matter contamination.
Assignee: Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Inventor: Dong X. Li
METHOD FOR THE ELECTRIC DEPOSITION OF AEROSOLS AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of charged aerosols, in which the aerosol is, first of all, separated in a collector electrode, which can be flowed through under the effect of a space charge. For the production of a high electrical potential, electrical charges of the aerosol to be separated are subsequently collected on the collector electrode. Finally, the residual aerosol exiting from the collector electrode is guided through the separation zone at high field intensity. In accordance with the invention, the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the above-stated process.
Filed: November 4, 2009
Inventors: Christian Lübbert, Ulrich Riebel, Sergiy Lebedynskyy
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DISCHARGING AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Abstract: A method for cleansing an electrostatic precipitator having a collecting electrode and an emission electrode includes applying a voltage between the collecting electrode and the emission electrode and reducing the applied voltage from a first voltage to a second voltage upon an occurrence of a spark between the collecting electrode and the emission electrode.
Filed: April 2, 2012
Applicant: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD
Inventor: Anders Johansson
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING EXHAUST GAS CONTAINING SOOT PARTICLES
Abstract: A method for converting soot particles of an exhaust gas includes providing at least nitrogen dioxide or oxygen in the exhaust gas, ionizing soot particles with an electric field, depositing electrically charged soot particles on inner channel walls of at least one surface precipitator, and bringing at least nitrogen dioxide or oxygen into contact with the deposited soot particles on the inner channel walls of the at least one surface precipitator. A device for carrying out the method includes at least one surface precipitator having a plurality of channels through which the exhaust gas can flow and extending between an inlet region and an outlet region, and at least one deposit inhibitor for electrically charged soot particles provided in at least part of the inlet region, especially allowing the soot particles to be evenly deposited and the surface precipitator to be continuously regenerated.
Applicant: EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUER EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH
Inventor: WOLFGANG MAUS
Method and apparatus for the enhanced removal of aerosols and vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream
Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatuses for removing aerosols and, in some cases, vapor phase contaminants, such as mercury, from a gas stream. One method is directed to the removal of additional aerosols from a gas stream from which aerosols have previously been removed by using a screen in combination with a primary aerosol collection device. Another method is directed to the removal of both aerosols and vapor phase contaminants by using a sorbent in combination with a screen. Another method is directed to the removal of vapor phase contaminants by using a catalyst to convert the contaminant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream and optionally injecting a chemical to increase the rate of conversion. The invention also provides various apparatuses for use in performing the various methods of the invention.
Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.
Inventors: Mark Simpson Berry, Ramsay Chang
Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator and a method of removal of particulates from gaseous flows. A plurality of screens, secured in sets within a central chamber in a housing, comprise at least one set of electrically chargeable first screens and at least one set of electrically grounded second screens. For each set of chargeable screens, all the screens of the set are provided with an identical electrical charge, either positive or negative, and the set is provided with a plurality of spikes directed at the oncoming gaseous flow. At least one screen cleaning means selectively acts on the screens of each set. The precipitator can comprise a plurality of central chambers in a single housing or separate housings, and the chambers can be selectively activated or deactivated. The precipitator provides improved particulate removal from gaseous flows, including hot flows having temperatures up to at least 1200° C.
Applicant: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA AS REPRESENTED BY THE MINISTER OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Abstract: A method for removing particulate matter from a particulate-bearing gas stream comprises flowing a particulate-bearing gas stream at a first volumetric flow rate to a plurality of ESP units; producing electrically charged particulate matter; collecting electrically charged particulate matter on collection electrode plates; reducing the flow through at least one of the ESP units; sequentially increasing the flow through one or more remaining ESP units in an amount so as to maintain the sum of flow through all of the ESP units at the first volumetric flow rate; subjecting the collection electrode plates in the at least one ESP unit with reduced flow to forces which dislodge the particulate matter from the collection electrode plates; collecting the dislodged particulate matter in a particulate collection receptacle; and withdrawing a gas stream of reduced particulate matter contamination.
Inventor: Doug X. Li
Applicant: BAUMGARTNER ENVIRONICS. INC.
Electro-kinetic air transporter with mechanism for emitter electrode travel past cleaning member
Abstract: Systems and methods for cleaning emitter electrodes of air conditioner systems are provided. The air conditioning system includes an emitter electrode, a collector electrode and a high voltage generator to provide a high voltage potential difference between the emitter and collector electrodes. The system also includes a cleaning member having a channel through which the emitter electrode passes. A plunger mechanism and a spring, or a lever and a fulcrum, are used to force the cleaning member to travel upward along the emitter electrode to thereby frictionally removing debris from the emitter electrode. This description is not intended to be a complete description of, or limit the scope of, the invention. Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures and the claims.
Filed: February 8, 2010
Assignee: Tessera, Inc.
Inventors: Andrew J. Parker, Charles E. Taylor, Shek Fai Lau
ADVANCED PARTICULATE MATTER CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHODS
Abstract: Apparatus and methods for collection and removal of particulate matter, including fine particulate matter, from a gas stream, comprising a unique combination of high collection efficiency and ultralow pressure drop across the filter. The apparatus and method utilize simultaneous electrostatic precipitation and membrane filtration of a particular pore size, wherein electrostatic collection and filtration occur on the same surface.
Inventors: Stanley J. Miller, Ye Zhuang, Jay C. Almlie
Methods for operating a filtration system
Abstract: A method of operating a filtration system that filters flue gas, which includes particulate matter and a gaseous pollutant. The filtration system may include a fabric filter, which is cleaned with periodic pulse cleanings, a discharge electrode upstream of the fabric filter, which imparts an electric charge to at least some of the particulate matter before the particulate matter collects on the fabric filter, a sorbent, which is injected into the flue gas upstream of the fabric filter and absorbs at least some of the gaseous pollutant, and a fan, which draws the flue gas through the fabric filter. The filtration system may have a pulse cleaning interval setting that may be manipulated by an operator of the filtration system. The pulse cleaning interval setting may be the time between the pulse cleanings.
Assignee: General Electric Company
Inventor: Robert W. Taylor
Particulate matter detection device and particulate matter detection method
Abstract: A particulate matter detection device includes a collection electrode that collects the particulate matter, a discharge electrode that allows a corona discharge to occur when a voltage is applied between the collection electrode and the discharge electrode, a measurement electrode, the impedance between the collection electrode and the measurement electrode changing when the collection electrode has collected the particulate matter, and a measurement section that detects a change in the impedance between the collection electrode and the measurement electrode, the particulate matter detection device detecting the particulate matter by charging the particulate matter contained in the gas by utilizing the corona discharge, collecting the charged particulate matter by the collection electrode by utilizing an electrostatic force, and detecting a change in the impedance between the collection electrode that has collected the particulate matter and the measurement electrode using the measurement section.
Date of Patent: January 4, 2011
Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.
Inventors: Takeshi Sakuma, Yasumasa Fujioka, Atsuo Kondo
ELECTROSTATIC FILTER
Abstract: The electrostatic filter for the separation of dust particles has collecting electrodes (3-7) fixed in a housing (2) through which the gas flows and discharge electrodes (16-20) arranged parallel to them and held stretched between insulators (29, 30). For the cleaning of the collecting electrodes (3-7), a cleaning equipment (33) is fixed to a cable (28) having the discharge electrodes (16-20), which can be moved along the surface of the collecting electrodes to be cleaned by means of a pulling device (30-32) having a coiling drum (26, 27).
Inventor: Jorg MEISTER
SUBSTRATE TRANSFER DEVICE AND SUBSTRATE TRANSFER METHOD
Abstract: A substrate transfer device includes an atmosphere introduction unit and an atmosphere exhaust unit provided at a top and a bottom portion of a main body of the device, respectively; and a substrate transfer mechanism provided between the atmosphere introduction unit and the atmosphere exhaust unit. The substrate transfer device further includes a downward flow forming unit provided, adjacent to the atmosphere introduction unit, to allow an atmosphere to be introduced through the atmosphere introduction unit and to downwardly flow through the substrate transfer mechanism and be exhausted through the atmosphere exhaust unit; and a gas ionizing unit for ionizing the atmosphere and a particle collecting unit for collecting particles included in the atmosphere, the gas ionizing unit and the particle collecting unit being sequentially provided in the direction in which the atmosphere downwardly flows, between the downward flow forming unit and the substrate transfer mechanism.
Applicant: TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED
Inventors: Jun Yamawaku, Junji Oikawa, Hiroyuki Nakayama
Electrostatic air/oil separator for aircraft engine
Abstract: An air/oil separator for use in a gas turbine engine includes a labyrinth path having an air/oil inlet, air outlet and oil outlet, a device for creating an electrical field within the labyrinth path and a device for creating a suction action at the oil outlet to draw liquid oil from the labyrinth path and for delivering the liquid oil under pressure to a pressurized source of oil in the engine.
Assignee: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
Inventor: Kevin Allan Dooley
METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF SMUT, FINE DUST AND EXHAUST GAS PARTICLES, PARTICLE CATCH ARRANGEMENT FOR USE IN THIS METHOD, AND USE OF THE PARTICLE CATCH ARRANGEMENT TO GENERATE A STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD
Abstract: This inventions provides a method for the removal of smut, fine dust and exhaust gas particles from polluted air comprising providing a particle catch arrangement with a charged surface, the particle catch arrangement being arranged to generate a static electric field, wherein the electric field is at least 0.2 kV/m. The invention further provides a particle catch arrangement comprising a surface that can be charged, further comprising a generator arranged to generate charge to the surface that can be charged and to generate a static electric field of at least 0.2 kV/m, wherein the particle catch arrangement is part of or integrated with an object comprising street furniture.
Applicant: Technische Universiteit Delft
Inventors: Willibrordus Nicolaas Johannes Ursem, Johannes Cornelis Maria Marijnissen, Rein Andre Roos
Heating System, Heating and Laminarizing Method, Electrostatic Precipitator, Spray Dryer, Detaching Device and Method for Detaching Particles
Abstract: A heating system for a spray dryer has a heating element, a heating unit having an open-pore metal foam, and a fluid input and a fluid output. The metal foam is arranged between the fluid input and the fluid output so that fluid which flows in through the fluid input and out through the fluid output is laminarized. A method for simultaneously heating and laminarizing a fluid with the aid of an open-pore metal foam is also disclosed, as is an electrostatic precipitator having a sleeve-shaped electrode connected to a base part of the precipitator. Also disclosed is a device for detaching particles from an inner surface of a sleeve-shaped electrode, a method for detaching particles, and a spray dryer with a heating system as above and/or with an electrostatic precipitator.
Applicant: BUCHI LABORTECHNIK AG
Inventors: Mathias Schon, Ralph Baumgartner
System for filtering particulate matter of diesel particulate filter
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for effectively filtering particulate matter from exhaust gas. Exemplary embodiments of the invention provides a system for capturing diesel-powered vehicle particulate matter in exhaust gas, the system including: a detour channel at the interior of the entrance to the diesel particulate filter, an electrode located in front of the detour channel and operable to ionize the particulate matter, and a control unit operable to control operation of the electrode.
Assignee: Hyundai Motor Company
Inventor: Kangsoo Lee
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE ACCELERATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RAPPER
Abstract: A method for the acceleration of an electromagnetic rapper, particularly for an electrostatic precipitator, which includes a metal cylinder as a hammer, an electrical coil for lifting the metal cylinder and a coil energizer for energizing the electrical coil. For cleaning a surface the metal cylinder is lifted by an initial electrical pulse generated by the coil energizer. The coil energizer supplies the electrical coil with an additional electrical pulse so that the metal cylinder is accelerated when it has reached the maximum point of its trajectory.
Polarity reversing circuit for electrostatic precipitator systems
Abstract: A gas separation apparatus using electrostatic precipitators and mechanical rappers is enhanced by the addition of an opposite polarity refreshing power supply and a switching arrangement. The switching components selectively disconnect the primary power supply and connect the refreshing power supply to the electrostatic precipitator, causing an electrical impulse in the precipitator sufficient to dislodge precipitate from the collector plates. In one embodiment, an RC filter is further provided to control the impulse and reduce the burden that would otherwise be placed upon the refreshing power supply. In a second embodiment, a pair of SCR strings serve as the switches. Cleaning power is delivered from a capacitor through one of the SCR strings using a resonant circuit, the resonance which causes the SCR string to commutate off after the impulse has been delivered.
Filed: January 24, 2006
Inventors: Ralph F. Altman, Robert N. Guenther, Jr., Grady B. Nichols
Air purifier with front-load electrodes
Abstract: An air purifier with front-loading electrodes includes an electrode loading compartment for storing the plate electrodes. When the air purifier is in a closed configuration, the electrode loading compartment cooperates with the housing to fully enclose the plate electrodes. When the plate electrodes need to be removed, the electrode loading compartment can be moved translationally with respect to the housing to define a gap therebetween. The electrode loading compartment can then be rotated to access and remove the plate electrodes.
Date of Patent: June 24, 2008
Assignee: Sylmark Holdings Limited
Inventors: Shengwen Leng, Guangsheng Liu
ELECTROSTATIC COLLECTION DEVICE
Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to an electrostatic collection device and method for extracting impurities from gas. The collection devices includes at least one electrical field for charging particles, where the particles are in a gas, and at least one collection surface for collecting charged particles. The device further includes at least one heating element for heating the at least one collection surface to vaporize the collected particles.
Applicant: SCEPTOR INDUSTRIES, INC.
Inventors: RICHARD R. THOMAS, FREEMAN SWANK, ANDREW FAIRCHILD
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY COLLECTING PARTICLES
Abstract: A collection device for collecting particles from a gas is provided. The device comprises a passage defined by a wall and at least one electrical field within the passage for charging particles, where the particles are in a gas. The device further comprises a moving collection surface for collecting charged particles. The moving collection surface is located within the at least one passage. The moving collection surface rotates through the at least one electrical field and then rotates to a detection device for detection of the particles.
Inventor: Andrew R. Fairchild
Fanless indoor air quality treatment
Abstract: An indoor air quality system for a structure is provided. The indoor air quality system includes a ventilation system and a corona discharge apparatus. The ventilation system directs air through the structure. The corona discharge apparatus is positioned within the ventilation system and is operable to filter the air and to move the air through the ventilation system.
Assignee: Ranco Incorporated of Delaware
Inventor: Nicholas Ashworth
Electrical enhancement of fabric filter performance
Abstract: A method for operating a filter assembly having a filter medium includes applying a constant or nearly constant static DC potential to dust entering the filter assembly and the filter medium, passing dust-laden gas through the filter medium in a first direction through the filter assembly while the filter medium is statically charged with the DC potential, measuring pressure drop through the filter assembly, and, in response to the pressure drop meeting a preset limit, reversing the polarity of the DC potential to thereby allow dust particles on the filter medium to drop off the filter medium.
Method of cleaning electric filter and electric filter
Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cleaning an electric filter and to an electric filter. In the method gas containing particles is fed to a chamber (2) of the electric filter. The gas is further fed to gas channels (5) in an emission system (3) provided in the chamber (2). What is brought about is electric charging of the particles in the gas and attachment to the separation electrode (1). Gas purified of particles is removed from the gas channel (5). The separation electrode (1) is shaken with shaker (8) to remove the particles attached to the separation electrode (1) therefrom. In this method, the gas flow is limited in such a gas channel (5) which adjoins the separation electrode (1) to be shaken by the shaker (8) when the separation electrode (1) to be shaken by the shaker (8) is shaken.
Assignee: ALSTOM Technology Ltd
Inventor: Juha Tolvanen
Spot ventilators and method for spot ventilating bathrooms, kitchens and closets
Abstract: A spot ventilator and method for spot ventilating a localized environment of a building is provided. The spot ventilator includes a passage and at least one corona discharge apparatus. The passage extending between an inlet positioned in the localized environment and an outlet. The at least one corona discharge apparatus positioned in relation to the passage such that a fluid from the localized environment is drawn into the passage through the inlet and is expelled through the outlet. The method of ventilating a localized environment of a building includes the steps of sensing a first change in the localized environment, energizing a corona discharge apparatus to produce an electric wind, drawing air from the localized environment into a passage via the electric wind and expelling the air from the passage through the outlet.
Date of Patent: June 5, 2007
Inventor: Gregory Allen Ehlers
Corona-discharge air mover and purifier for packaged terminal and room air conditioners
Abstract: An air conditioning device for heating and/or an environment is provided. The air conditioning device includes a heat exchanging apparatus, a passage, and a corona discharge apparatus. The passage is in thermal communication with the heat exchanging apparatus and extends between an inlet and an outlet. The corona discharge apparatus is disposed within the passage to draw a fluid from the environment into the passage through the inlet, move the fluid through the passage to permit the heat exchanger to remove or heat the fluid, and expel the fluid through the outlet into the environment. As such, the environment is cooled or heated. Embodiments of the present invention include package terminal air conditioners (PTACs), room air conditioners (RACs), and mini-split heating and cooling systems.
Inventor: Debra Jean Reaves
Electric separator with a rinsing cleaning system
Abstract: Electric oil separator that separates oil from an airflow of a ventilator. The separator includes an emission electrode and a collecting electrode. Moreover, the separator includes an injection device structured and arranged to inject oil as a cleaning fluid onto at least one of the emission electrode and the collecting electrode, so as to inject oil obliquely to a longitudinal axis of the collecting electrode.
Assignee: Hengst GmbH & Co. KG
Inventors: Stephan Ahlborn, Dieter Baumann, Bernhard Batram
Method and apparatus for filtering and drying a product
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for filtering and drying a product. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises a container having a plurality of porous walls and a plurality of solid walls that divide the container into a plurality of product chambers, a plurality of vacuum chambers, and, preferably, a plurality of heat transfer chambers. Each product chamber shares at least one porous wall with an adjacent vacuum chamber. Each product chamber preferably shares at least one solid wall with an adjacent heat transfer chamber. According to the method of the present invention, a product is introduced into the product chambers, where the product is held while a substance is filtered from the product through the porous walls and the product is dried by reducing the pressure in the vacuum chambers and the product chambers.
Assignee: Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc.
Inventors: Paul F. Herbert, Douglas M. Bissonnette, Gregory C. Troiano
Polarity reversing circuit for electrostatic precipitator system
Abstract: A gas separation apparatus using electrostatic precipitators and mechanical rappers is enhanced by the addition of an opposite polarity refreshing power supply and a switching arrangement. The switching components selectively disconnect the primary power supply and connect the refreshing power supply to the electrostatic precipitator, causing an electrical impulse in the precipitator sufficient to dislodge precipitate from the collector plates. An RC filter is further provided to control the impulse and reduce the burden that would otherwise be placed upon the refreshing power supply. The novel separation apparatus and technique offer particular synergy when applied to the effluent stream from a coal-fired electric power plant or other similar gas streams.
Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute
Inventors: Ralph F. Altman, Robert N. Guenther, Grady B. Nichols
Cleaning mechanism for ion emitting air conditioning device
Abstract: A cleaning mechanism for a wire electrode of an air purifier device includes a base, a post having a first end attached to the base and a second end accessible from a location external the housing, a cleaning plate assembly attached to the base, wherein the cleaning plate assembly frictionally contacts the wire electrode when moved relative to the wire electrode. The cleaning plate assembly is movable within the housing when the second end of the post is moved from a resting configuration to a cleaning configuration.
Inventor: Ali Nikkhah
Air-treatment apparatus and methods
Abstract: Air-treatment apparatus and methods are disclosed that are especially suitable for treating the air in a room or other dwelling or working space. An apparatus embodiment of the subject apparatus includes a housing having air-intake and air-output openings. A gas-filter assembly inside the housing receives air entering the air-intake opening and includes a dual-media filter element having a matrix of fibers to which particles of activated carbon are adhered at mutual points of contact without using an extraneous binder. As air passes through the gas-filter assembly, the carbon particles adsorb odor compounds from the air. At least one electrostatic 3-dimensional (E3D) filter assembly downstream of the gas-filter assembly includes a respective charging element sandwiched between dielectric-fiber filters sandwiched between two respective electrically conductive screens. The screens are electrically grounded while the charging element (which is conductive) is connected to a source of high-voltage DC power.
Assignee: Shaklee Corporation
Inventors: John J. Julos, Victor Dragotti, Forwood Cloud Wiser
Method for minimizing bowing of collector plates in an electrostatic precipitator, and a collector plate-clip combination
Abstract: A bow-reduced precipitator collector plate assembly and an appertaining method include a precipitator collector plate that contacts a spring-like stiffening element configured to be attached to a fixed anchor or an adjacent anchoring collector plate. The stiffening element is configured to apply a force in a direction normal to a primary plane, which is generally co-linear but opposite in direction of a direction of bowing, of the precipitator collecting plate.
Assignee: NiSource Corporate Services Company
Inventor: Gregory Ludwicki
Electrostatic filter and a method thereof
Abstract: A filter system with a housing defining a passage between an inlet and an outlet and one or more structures located in the passage in the housing. Each of the structures comprises two or more layers of insulating materials with an imbedded fixed charge located at at least one of the interfaces between the two or more layers. At least one of the structures has an imbedded fixed charge at a charge level of at least 1×1012 charges per cm2.
Filed: June 7, 2002
Assignee: Rochester Institute of Technology
Inventor: Michael D. Potter
Gas particle partitioner
Abstract: A gas particle partitioner (GPP) removes particles from an aerosol with high efficiency and with no or minimum changes to the thermodynamic conditions and chemical composition of the gas phase of the aerosol. A permeable grid electrode surrounds a corona wire and separates an interior corona discharge area from an exterior aerosol charging zone. A particle free fluid washes the corona discharge area to minimize any transport of gas components produced by corona discharge to the aerosol. The charged particles in the aerosol are deflected by an electric field in a fractionator to selectively produce a particle free sample stream, which is then separated by a flow splitter from the aerosol.
Assignee: Rupprecht & Patashnick Company, Inc.
Inventors: Heinrich Fissan, Frank Jordan, Thomas Kuhlbusch
Precipitator extraction method and system
Abstract: An dry horizontal flow electrostatic precipitator wherein a portion of the gas flow passing through the precipitator is extracted from the upper portion of the casing, such extraction flow having a lower particle concentration than gas flow at the bottom portion of the casing due to re-entrainment. The extraction gas flow is extracted by a manifold positioned at the top of the casing.
Inventor: Arthur G. Hein
Vapor purification with self-cleaning filter
Abstract: A vapor filtration device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a filter between the first and second electrodes is disclosed. The filter is formed of dielectric material and the device is operated by applying a first electric potential between the electrodes to polarize the dielectric material such that upon passing a vapor stream through the filter, particles from the vapor stream are deposited onto the filter. After depositing the particles a second higher voltage is applied between the electrodes to form a nonthermal plasma around the filter to vaporize the collected particles thereby cleaning the filter. The filter can be a packed bed or serpentine filter mat, and an optional upstream corona wire can be utilized to charge airborne particles prior to their deposition on the filter.
Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
Inventors: Gary B. Josephson, William O. Heath, Christopher L. Aardahl
Method and apparatus to clean air
Abstract: The invention relates to a method to clean air for separating materials in the form of particles and/or droplets from a gas flow. The gas flow is directed through a collection in which the outer walls are grounded, and in which high voltage is supplied to the ion yield tips arranged in the collection chamber. Thus an ion beam from the ion yield tips towards collection surfaces is established to separate desired material from the gas flow. The electrically conductive collection surfaces are electrically insulated from the outer castings and high voltage is supplied to the collecting surfaces, in which the direct-current voltage has an opposite sign as the high voltage directed to the ion yield tips. The collection surface is totally conveniently and rapidly detached for clean material replacement.
Assignee: Moira Ltd.
Inventor: Toni Niko Ilmasti
Method and system for improved rapper control
Abstract: An improved method and system is provided to control the rapping process used to clean the internal collection plates and discharge electrodes of electrostatic precipitators. The system obtains the performance characteristics of a first rapper and calculates a rapper lift value. The system then obtains performance characteristic data from two or more additional rappers and calculates rapper lift values for each of the rappers. Finally, the system compares the rapper lift value of each additional rapper and adjusts its performance characteristics so that it substantially approximates the performance characteristics of the first rapper.
Filed: July 6, 2001
Publication date: January 16, 2003
Applicant: BHA Group Holdings, Inc.
Inventors: Terry L. Farmer, David F. Johnston, Sven Richter, Michael M. Mahler | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
December 19, 2013 Doc Rick gives out some important tips on how to maintain a healthy back. Download Now.
December 12, 2013 Doc Rick interviews Kari Gray about Green-Surance a new type of healthcare insurance designed specifically for alternative health practitioners and patients. Learn More.
December 5, 2013 Doc Rick discusses how to raise healthy children naturally. Download Now.
November 28, 2013 Doc Rick discusses how you can choose a healthy supplement. Download Now.
November 21, 2013 Doc Rick discusses ten strategies to avoid holiday weight gain. Download Now.
November 14, 2013 Doc Rick discusses the negative effects of antibiotics and how you can restore balance to your system and health. Download Now.
November 7, 2013 Doc Rick discusses transit time, the amount of time it takes for your food to be fully digested and absorbed by your body for your best health. Download Now.
October 31, Doc Rick 2013 Dr. Huntoon discusses transit time, the amount of time it takes for your food to be fully digested and absorbed by your body for your best health. Download Now.
October 24, Doc Rick discusses National Poison Your Children Day otherwise known as "Halloween," the day kids gather bags full of candy and set themselves up for a winter of colds and congestion. Download Now.
October 17, 2013 Doc Rick discusses the Fall Doctor Supervised Fall Clean Up Program to help clean out your large intestine, lungs and skin. Download Now.
October 10, 2013 Doc Rick discusses Neurologic Relief Centers Technique (NRCT) for providing relief to people suffering with fibromyalgia, chronic migraines and other types of chronic pain. Download Now.
October 3, 2013 Doc Rick provides you with the information you need to avoid the flu by avoiding the flu shot. Download Now.
September 26, 2013 Doc Rick explains the reasons behind your sugar addiction, how it's tied to the consumption of antibiotics, and what you can do to feel better easily. Download Now. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Are you interested in participating in the curriculum for the CAPP-Pelvic courses offered by the SoWH? There is an opportunity to join the CAPP-Pelvic committee as a contributing member.
✚ CAPP-Pelvic Graduate (Certification not required).
✚ Section on Women's Health Member (2 years preferred).
✚ Access to internet/email and good working knowledge of Word and Excel.
✚ Ability to use Google Docs or willing to learn how to use Google Docs.
✚ Comfort/interest in performing literature searches with access to full articles preferred.
✚ Neurological, pediatric, and male pelvic health experience preferred.
For more information or questions regarding the requirements, please contact [email protected]. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The suppression of charmonium states was proposed a long time ago as a signature of the production of a deconfined state in
nucleus-nucleus collisions \cite{Sat86}. However, it was very soon realized that nuclear effects not related to deconfinement or,
more generally, to the production of a hot medium may influence the observed charmonia suppression~\cite{Ger88,Kha97}. Such effects were investigated
through the study of charmonia production in \mbox{p-A} collisions. In these reactions, the produced $c\overline c$ pair may interact
with the cold nuclear medium of the target nucleus, hindering the formation of a bound state.
Several \mbox{p-A} data samples exist today for \rm J/$\psi$\ production at fixed target energies, in particular from NA50 at the
SPS~\cite{Ale03,Ale04,Ale06}, from E866 at FNAL~\cite{Lei00} and from the HERA-B Collaboration at HERA~\cite{Abt09}.
Nuclear effects are usually
parametrized by comparing the yields for various nuclear targets in a certain kinematical region, and then fitting their
$A$ dependence in terms of the simple power law $A^\alpha$. Alternatively, the data are analyzed in the framework of the Glauber
model~\cite{Gla59},
and their $A$ dependence expressed as an effective ``absorption'' cross-section $\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}^{eff}$.
The interpretation of \rm J/$\psi$\ results
in \mbox{p-A} collisions is the object of a rather strong theory effort. Nowadays, it is clear that not only the nuclear
dissociation of the $c\overline c$ pair plays a role, but also effects like shadowing, initial- and final-state parton energy loss, and
possibly the intrinsic charm component of the projectile should be taken into account in a realistic description of the
results~\cite{Vog00}.
When studying \rm J/$\psi$\ suppression in \mbox{A-A} collisions, a precise knowledge of nuclear effects is an essential requisite to
disentangle genuine hot-medium effects. In the approach commonly used up to now~\cite{Kha97}, the effective quantity
$\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}^{eff}$ is
obtained analyzing \mbox{p-A} data taken in the same kinematic domain of \mbox{A-A} collisions under study. Then, it is assumed that
in both \mbox{p-A} and \mbox{A-A} collisions nuclear effects, parametrized through the quantity $\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}^{eff}$, scale with $L$,
the mean thickness of nuclear matter seen by the $c\overline c$ pair in its way through the projectile and target nuclei.
In this way it is possible to determine the expected \rm J/$\psi$\ yield for nuclear collisions as a function of centrality~\cite{Ale04}.
With this approach, a significant anomalous suppression (i.e., a suppression which goes beyond the estimated contribution from nuclear
effects) has been detected at SPS energies~\cite{Ale05,Arn07}.
In this article, we go a step further by taking explicitly into account parton shadowing in the determination of the
cold nuclear matter effects in \mbox{A-A} collisions. Shadowing of partons in nuclei is a depletion of their population at
small momentum fraction of the nucleon, $x$, compared to that in a free nucleon, with a corresponding enhancement at moderate $x$
(anti-shadowing). Contrarily to final state dissociation of the $c\overline c$ pair, shadowing
is not expected to scale with $L$, because in \mbox{p-A} collisions only partons in the target are affected by shadowing,
whereas in \mbox{A-A} the projectile is also involved. Therefore, a different approach to the evaluation of nuclear effects is required.
\section{Shadowing effects: \lowercase{p}-A collisions}
To give an estimate of shadowing effects on \rm J/$\psi$\ production, we use the Color Evaporation Model (CEM) at leading order
(LO)~\cite{Glu78}.
In this approach the charmonium production cross section for \mbox{p-A} collisions is obtained by integrating the free $c\overline c$
cross section from energy threshold to the open charm threshold. In absence of final-state interactions of the produced \rm J/$\psi$\ one
has~\cite{Vog99}
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{A}\frac{d\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}}{dx_F}=2F\int_{2m_c}^{2m_D}mdm\frac{H_{pA}(x_1,x_2,m^2)}{\sqrt{s}\sqrt{x_F^2s+4m^2}}
\label{eq:1}
\end{equation}
where $F$ is the fraction of $c\overline c$ pairs which gives a \rm J/$\psi$\ in the final state and $H_{pA}$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
H_{pA}(x_1,x_2,m^2)=f_g^p(x_1,m^2)f_g^A(x_2,m^2)\sigma_{gg}(m^2)+\\ +\sum_{q=u,d,s}f_q^p(x_1,m^2)f_{\overline q}^A(x_2,m^2)\sigma_{q\overline
q}(m^2)
\end{split}
\label{eq:2}
\end{equation}
$H_{pA}$ is the sum of two terms, corresponding to the elementary $c\overline{c}$ production by gluon fusion and $q\overline{q}$
annihilation, convoluted with the parton densities $f_i^A(x,Q^2)$ and $f_i^p(x,Q^2)$ in the target and projectile nucleons, evaluated at $Q=m$.
$x_1$ ($x_2$) is the fraction of the nucleon momentum carried by the parton of the projectile (target) which interacts.
We have used in our calculation the GRV98LO~\cite{Glu98} set of parton distribution functions (PDF). The PDF for
nucleons inside nuclei are modified with respect to the free ones according to the following expression:
\begin{equation}
f_i^A(x,Q^2)=R_i^A(x,Q^2)f_i^N(x,Q^2)
\label{eq:3}
\end{equation}
Various parametrizations of the PDF modifications from nuclear effects exist. We have used
the EKS98~\cite{Esk99} and EPS08~\cite{Esk08} sets, which are available for all mass numbers and have been implemented in the frame of
the commonly used LHAPDF interface~\cite{Wha05}.
The calculation has been performed for several A values, corresponding to Be, Al, Cu, In, W, Pb and U target nuclei.
For each target the ratio between the \rm J/$\psi$\ production cross section (per nucleon-nucleon collision) in \mbox{p-A} and \mbox{p-p}, which we
refer to as shadowing factor in the following, is given by
\begin{equation}
S_{pA}^{\rm J/\psi}(x_F)=\frac{1}{A}\frac{d\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}^{pA}/dx_F}{d\sigma_{\rm
J/\psi}^{pp}/dx_F}
\label{eq:4}
\end{equation}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:1} we present the result of the calculation of the shadowing factors for \mbox{p-A} collisions at 158 GeV, the energy
used in the \mbox{A-A} data taking at the SPS. The plots refer to midrapidity, and we separately show the shadowing factors for
the $gg$ and $q\overline q$ fraction of the production cross section. We plot the results as a function of the $L$ variable~\cite{Sha01},
computed for each nucleus using the Glauber model with realistic nuclear density distributions~\cite{DeV87}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\resizebox{0.48\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig1.eps}}
\caption{Shadowing factors for pA collisions at 158 GeV, at midrapidity. Open circles refer to the $gg$ fraction of the cross section,
open squares to $q\overline q$, solid circles to the total cross section. The top plot has been obtained with the EKS98 set, the bottom
plot with EPS08.}
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}
It can be noted that both EKS98 and EPS08 sets give shadowing factors larger than 1, and that such an anti-shadowing is more pronounced
when using EPS08. The $q\overline q$ fraction of the cross section exhibits a small shadowing, which is more than counterbalanced by the
dominant $gg$ production process. We have also verified, by choosing another
set of PDFs (MRST2001LO~\cite{Mar02}) that our results do not depend, within at most 2\%, on the specific choice of the PDF set. The flattening
of $S_{pA}^{\rm J/\psi}$ for heavy nuclei when using EPS08 is because of the fact that a constant shadowing is assumed beyond A=208~\cite{Sal09}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:2} we present the results of a similar calculation at slightly forward ($y=0.5$, $y=1$) and backward ($y=-0.5$, $y=-1$)
rapidity. We also plot the $y=0$ result for comparison. We recall that the region $0<y<1$ is the one where \rm J/$\psi$\ results are
available at SPS energies for \mbox{A-A} collisions. The shadowing factors are found to depend on $y$, as expected,
since $x_2$ is directly related to this quantity. We recall that $x_2=(m_{\rm J/\psi}/\sqrt{s})\exp(-y)$ for \rm J/$\psi$\
production in the CEM at LO. In Fig.~\ref{fig:2new} we plot the EKS98 and EPS08 parametrizations of nuclear effects on PDFs for the Pb
nucleus, relative to $Q=m_{\rm J/\psi}$.
The arrows indicate the $x_2$ values corresponding to the rapidities where we have performed the shadowing factor
calculation of Fig.~\ref{fig:2}. It can be clearly seen that from $y=-1$ towards $y=1$ one goes from a shadowing to an anti-shadowing regime,
reaching a maximum of the anti-shadowing effect at $x_2\sim$0.10 for the EKS98 set ($\sim$0.13 for EPS08), which then decreases going towards
smaller $x_2$ (corresponding to more forward rapidities). Such an evolution can clearly be identified looking, at fixed $L$, to the shadowing
factors shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}, which are $<$1 at $y=-1$, then increase and finally decrease at forward rapidity.
We note that the shadowing factors calculated for $y=-0.5, -1$ are identical, for symmetry reasons, to those for \mbox{A-p} collisions
at $y=0.5, 1$. Results on \mbox{A-p} collisions are interesting in order to study effects
from PDF modifications in the projectile, which will be important when studying \mbox{A-A} interactions. We see, for example, that at
$y=1$ the shadowing effects in \mbox{A-p} are very different with respect to \mbox{p-A}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\resizebox{0.48\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig2.eps}}
\caption{Shadowing factors for \rm J/$\psi$\ production in \mbox{p-A} collisions at 158 GeV, using EKS98 (top plot) and EPS08 (bottom plot).
Solid and open triangles refer to $y=1$ and $y=-1$ respectively, solid and open squares to $y=0.5$ and $y=-0.5$, circles to $y=0$.}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\resizebox{0.48\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig3.eps}}
\caption{The EKS98 (continuous line) and EPS08 (dashed line) parametrizations of nuclear modifications to the PDFs for the Pb nucleus,
calculated at $Q=m_{\rm J/\psi}$.
The arrows correspond to the rapidity values where the calculation of Fig.~\ref{fig:2} has been performed.}
\label{fig:2new}
\end{figure}
\section{Shadowing effects: \mbox{A-A} collisions}
When moving to \mbox{A-A} collisions, the cross section and the shadowing factors, integrated over centrality, can be calculated with
an expression similar to Eq.~\ref{eq:1}, by replacing $H_{pA}(x_1,x_2,m^2)$ with $H_{AA}(x_1,x_2,m^2)$, taking now into account that
shadowing affects both projectile and target nuclei. The problem becomes more complicate if shadowing factors have to be calculated for
various centrality intervals. Clearly, for various geometries of the collision, either the halo or the core of the nuclei will be mainly
involved, and the shadowing effects will be more important in the core than in the halo. Various parametrizations of the local shadowing
inside the nucleus have been proposed. We have used two of them~\cite{Kle03}:
\begin{equation}
R_{i,\rho}^A(x,Q^2,\vec{r},z)=1+N^A_\rho(R_i^A(x,Q^2)-1)\frac{\rho_A(\vec{r},z)}{\rho_0}
\label{eq:5}
\end{equation}
\noindent{and}
\begin{equation}
R_{i,L}^A(x,Q^2,\vec{r},z)=1+N^A_L(R_i^A(x,Q^2)-1)\frac{\int dz\rho_A(\vec{r},z)}{\int dz\rho_A(0,z)}
\label{eq:6}
\end{equation}
In the first one, shadowing in a certain location $(\vec{r},z)$ inside the nucleus is proportional to the local nuclear density
$\rho_A(\vec{r},z)$, while in the second it is proportional to the length $L$ of nuclear matter crossed by the parton on its way
through the nucleus. The normalization $N^A_\rho$ is fixed to ensure that
$\int d\vec{r}dz R_{i,\rho}^A(x,Q^2,\vec{r},z)=R_i^A(x,Q^2)$ (and similarly for $N^A_L$).
The study of the shadowing factors in \mbox{A-A} collisions as a function of centrality has been performed for \mbox{In-In} and
\mbox{Pb-Pb} at 158 GeV/nucleon (see also~\cite{Eme99} for a previous investigation of the influence of shadowing on the centrality dependence
of J/$\psi$ and Drell-Yan cross sections).
A large number of events has been generated for centrality values in the interval 0$<b<$12 fm for
\mbox{In-In} and 0$<b<$16 fm for \mbox{Pb-Pb}, in steps of 2 fm, with a Glauber Monte-Carlo approach. We have used
$\sigma_{inel}^{pp}$=30 mb and the measured nuclear density distributions for In and Pb~\cite{DeV87}. For every \mbox{N-N} collision in each
\mbox{A-A} interaction, we calculate $\rho_A(\vec{r},z)$ and $L(\vec{r})$ for the two colliding nucleons, and the product of the two
corresponding shadowing factors, according to Eq.~\ref{eq:5} and~\ref{eq:6}. By averaging the shadowing factors over all the \mbox{N-N}
collisions in each \mbox{A-A} interaction, we get the centrality dependence of the shadowing factors. In Fig.~\ref{fig:3} we show, as a
function of $L$, the calculated shadowing factors for \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb} collisions
at $y$=0.5. For the SPS data at 158 GeV, this is the rapidity where the acceptance reaches its maximum. The symbols, connected by the
continuous lines, have been calculated using Eq.~\ref{eq:5} for the local dependence of shadowing inside the nucleus, whereas the dashed
line has been obtained using the parameterization of Eq.~\ref{eq:6}.
We notice that the two parametrizations give similar results, their difference not exceeding 2-3\%. In absence of other nuclear effects,
this result implies a $\sim$10\% anti-shadowing effect for central nucleus-nucleus collisions. When using EPS08, the effect increases
up to $\sim$25\%.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\resizebox{0.48\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig4.eps}}
\caption{Shadowing factors for \mbox{In-In} (top) and \mbox{Pb-Pb} collisions at 158 GeV, at $y$=0.5, obtained with EKS98. Solid circles
refer to the EKS98 parametrization, open circles to EPS08. The symbols connected by a
continuous line have been calculated using Eq.~\ref{eq:5}, whereas the dashed lines have
been obtained using the parametrization of Eq.~\ref{eq:6} for the local dependence of shadowing.}
\label{fig:3}
\end{figure}
\section{Comparison of cold nuclear matter effects in \lowercase{p}-A and \mbox{A-A} collisions}
We now want to discuss the extrapolation of cold nuclear matter effects measured in \mbox{p-A} to \mbox{A-A} collisions, taking into
account shadowing effects together with final state absorption of the created $c\overline c$ pair. To do that, we model final state
absorption effects using the simple law $\exp(-\rho\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}L)$, which has been shown to reproduce, at first order,
data on \rm J/$\psi$\ production at fixed target energies. In this approach, the \rm J/$\psi$\ production cross section per \mbox{N-N} collision
in \mbox{p-A} is given by
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{A}\sigma^{pA}_{\rm J/\psi}=\sigma^{NN}_{\rm J/\psi}\times S_{pA}^{\rm J/\psi}\times\exp(-\rho\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}L)
\label{eq:7}
\end{equation}
We then fit the \mbox{p-A} cross-section per \mbox{N-N} collision, obtained through Eq.~\ref{eq:7} with the simple
$\exp(-\rho\sigma^{eff}_{\rm J/\psi}L)$ law, i.e. neglecting the existence of shadowing. This is the procedure usually followed at SPS
energies to extract the so-called ``normal nuclear absorption''. Clearly this approach, when shadowing factors are not negligible, leads
to two main consequences. On one hand the obtained $\sigma^{eff}_{\rm J/\psi}$ values do not represent anymore the size of final-state
absorption, but an effective quantity which, due to the presence of
shadowing~\cite{Lou09,Arl09}, may be quite different from $\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}$.
On the other hand, because shadowing effects do not necessarily have the same $L$-dependence of final state absorption,
$\exp(-\rho\sigma^{eff}_{\rm J/\psi}L)$ may not
give anymore a reasonable fit of the \mbox{p-A} data. However, given the size of the shadowing corrections, their deviation from the
exponential behavior is difficult to observe in the existing data samples.
The \rm J/$\psi$\ cross section per \mbox{N-N} collision in \mbox{A-A}, as a function of centrality, is then obtained using Eq.~\ref{eq:7},
replacing $S_{pA}^{\rm J/\psi}$ with $S_{AA}^{\rm J/\psi}$ and $1/A$ with $1/N_{\rm coll}$, where the shadowing factor and the
number of \mbox{N-N} collisions are calculated for the various centrality bins.
We can now compare the extrapolation of the exponential fit of the \mbox{p-A} calculation with what has been obtained for \mbox{A-A}
collisions. When doing that, we may expect significant deviations from
such an extrapolation. First of all, in \mbox{A-A} shadowing affects not only the target nucleus but also the projectile, leading to an
extra-effect that is clearly not present in the naive extrapolation of the exponential fit of \mbox{p-A}. Furthermore, these deviations
may heavily depend on rapidity, because when moving away from $y$=0 the $x$-region probed in the projectile becomes different from that of
the target.
To illustrate the procedure, we show in Fig.~\ref{fig:4}, for 158 GeV energy and $y$=0.5, the expected behavior for \mbox{p-A}
collisions, including shadowing and having assumed $\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}$=4 mb. We also show the result of an exponential fit to
\mbox{p-A} data, which gives $\sigma^{eff}_{\rm J/\psi}$=3.0 mb, a value smaller than $\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}$, because of the presence of an
anti-shadowing effect. In the same plot we compare this exponential fit with the calculated cross section values per \mbox{N-N}
collision for \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb}, as a function of centrality. We clearly see that \mbox{A-A} cross sections deviate from the
extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} results.
In particular, at fixed $L$, the \rm J/$\psi$\ cross section per \mbox{N-N} collision is systematically lower in \mbox{A-A} with respect to
\mbox{p-A}. However, we note that the relative behavior of \mbox{A-A} results with respect to \mbox{p-A}, at a certain $L$, cannot be easily
deduced by a simple inspection of the \mbox{p-A} (and \mbox{A-p}) shadowing factors. In fact, from the geometry of the interaction, it can be
shown that the same $L$ for \mbox{p-A}~(\mbox{A-p}) and \mbox{A-A} corresponds to very different average nuclear densities probed in the
collision and therefore to a different average strength of the shadowing effects. (To give a numerical example, the $L$ value
corresponding to \mbox{p-Pb} collisions is obtained with \mbox{Pb-Pb} collisions at $b=12$ fm. The average nuclear densities probed are
0.76$\rho_0$ and 0.48$\rho_0$ respectively, where $\rho_0$ is the core nuclear density).
Therefore, the \mbox{A-A} shadowing factors cannot be obtained as a simple product of \mbox{p-A} and \mbox{A-p} shadowing at the same $L$.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig5.eps}}
\caption{Comparison of \mbox{p-A} and \mbox {A-A} cross sections for \rm J/$\psi$\ at 158 GeV, for $y$=0.5, including shadowing and final state
absorption, in arbitrary units. The \mbox{p-A} cross sections per \mbox{N-N} collisions are shown as triangles. The line represents an
exponential fit to \mbox{p-A} data. \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb} cross sections are shown as circles and squares, respectively.}
\label{fig:4}
\end{figure}
A deviation of \mbox{A-A} results from the \mbox{p-A} extrapolations was indeed found at SPS energies, and it was called
``anomalous \rm J/$\psi$\ suppression''~\cite{Ale05,Arn07}. Usually this effect was connected to hot nuclear matter effects, including the production of a
deconfined state~\cite{Gra02}. The result of Fig.~\ref{fig:4} shows that at least a fraction of this effect can be attributed to having
neglected the influence of shadowing in the determination of the ``nuclear absorption'' reference. In Fig.~\ref{fig:5} we present the ratio
between the \rm J/$\psi$\ cross sections for \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb} and the exponential extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} results, for three
rapidity values ($y$=0, 0.5 and 1), using EKS98 and Eq.~\ref{eq:5} for the local dependence of shadowing.
This kinematical range corresponds to the region where \rm J/$\psi$\ production has been
studied by the NA50/NA60 experiments in nuclear collisions. The values of these ratios do not depend on the specific
$\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}$ value used in the calculation, because, at fixed $L$, the factors $\exp(-\rho\sigma^{abs}_{\rm J/\psi}L)$
cancel out in the ratio of the cross sections between \mbox{A-A} and \mbox{p-A}.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\resizebox{0.45\textwidth}{!}
{\includegraphics*[bb=0 0 530 530]{fig6.eps}}
\caption{Ratio between the \mbox{A-A} cross section per \mbox{N-N} collision and the extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} results, for three
rapidity values, using the EKS98 parametrization. The results for \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb} are shown as circles and squares,
respectively.}
\label{fig:5}
\end{figure}
The values plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:5} show that a simple extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} results, obtained through a fit of the
$A$-dependence that parametrizes all nuclear effects under a single parameter $\sigma^{eff}_{\rm J/\psi}$, is not in agreement
with \mbox{A-A} \rm J/$\psi$\ cross sections as a function of centrality. This is basically because of the presence in \mbox{A-A} of shadowing
effects in the projectile that are of course not present in \mbox{p-A}. Although the effect remains rather small at midrapidity, it
increases fast when moving away from $y$=0, reaching a discrepancy of $\sim$20\% between the extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} data and the
central \mbox{A-A} results for $y$=1. This effect must clearly be taken into account when looking for hot nuclear matter effects in
\mbox{A-A} data. In particular, the anomalous suppression values observed at the SPS must be rescaled by the values shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:5} at the corresponding rapidities, resulting in a $\sim$10\% average reduction of this effect in the interval 0$<y<$1
where data were taken. When using the EPS08 parametrization, similar values to those of Fig.~\ref{fig:5} were obtained, with
relative discrepancies not larger than $\sim$2\%.
However, it is well known that the uncertainties on the modification of gluon PDFs are
quite large, and very recent analysis (EPS09) are now starting to systematically address this issue~\cite{Esk09}. The LO set of
EPS09 gluon PDFs modification has an average value, in the $x$-region corresponding to SPS data, quite similar to the EKS98 one, with
an error of the order of $\pm$15\%. By injecting such an uncertainty in our calculation, it turns out that the values shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:5} vary by about 5\%. Finally, other sets of nuclear modifications to gluon PDFs exist in the literature that exhibit either
no (or little) anti-shadowing in our $x$-region (nDS/nDSg~\cite{deF04}) or an anti-shadowing very strongly increasing with $x$
(HKN~\cite{Hir07}). The use of such sets in our analysis gives almost no difference between
the extrapolation of \mbox{p-A} results and \mbox{A-A} for nDS/nDSg (ratios $\sim$1 in Fig.~\ref{fig:5}), or higher values,
increasing with $y$, for \mbox{A-A} with respect to \mbox{p-A} for HKN (i.e. ratios larger than 1 in Fig.~\ref{fig:5}).
However, it was pointed out~\cite{Esk09} that such analyses might be less constrained in the $x$-region under study, since
they do not make use of data from high-p$_{\rm T}$ $\pi$ production in \mbox{d-Au} collisions from the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
(RHIC)~\cite{Adl07,Ada06}, which are
relevant for the determination of the large-$x$ region gluon contribution.
\section{Conclusions}
We have investigated in this article the role of shadowing for \rm J/$\psi$\ production in \mbox{p-A} and \mbox{A-A} collisions at
SPS energies. In particular, we have shown that an extrapolation of cold nuclear matter effects measured in \mbox{p-A} which does not take explicitly
into account shadowing, cannot reproduce in a correct way such effects for \mbox{A-A}. In the frame of an LO Color Evaporation Model calculation,
performed using the EKS98 and EPS08 parametrizations, we have shown that neglecting shadowing, the \mbox{p-A} extrapolation is biased by
$\sim$10\% at $y$=0.5 for central \mbox{In-In} and \mbox{Pb-Pb} collisions. Such a bias must be taken into account in analysis that aim
at determining effects from hot nuclear matter in \rm J/$\psi$\ production in \mbox{A-A} collisions at SPS energies
(the so-called ``anomalous suppression''). In particular it may be quantitatively important for lighter systems such as \mbox{In-In}, where
the deviations from \mbox{p-A} extrapolations are relatively small.
\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors wish to thank F.~Arleo, C.A.~Salgado and R.~Vogt for useful discussions on the topic covered in this article and for their comments
on the manuscript.
We also gratefully acknowledge the help of D.~Berzano and F.~Prino for some of the computational aspects.
\end{acknowledgments}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
1999 Голяма награда на Италия е 50-о за Голямата награда на Италия и 13-и кръг от сезон 1999 във Формула 1, провежда се на 12 септември 1999 година на пистата Монца в Монца, Италия.
Класиране
Класиране след състезанието
Генерално класиране при пилотите
Генерално класиране при отборите
Източници
Голяма награда на Италия | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Trust is the essential foundation of any partnership, and we understand that the security of your confidential documents and proprietary information is of vital importance. At DarLukman, the privacy of your sensitive documents is our top priority. Our team frequently translates a wide range of highly-sensitive documents and we take every reasonable precaution to ensure their security. Every member of our staff—including all of our translators, editors, and project managers—have signed stringent confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements. Upon request we are also happy to enter into specialized confidentiality agreements to meet your organization's privacy and security requirements. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
NARLI Creative
Actors Headshots
Every actor has a unique connection and drive in what they do
For some, it's the love of story telling.
For others, it's the thrill of the moment.
And for others, it's the roller coaster of emotion, desire, passion; the love of the craft and of being human and a devotion to bring one's self fully to the service of a character.
What ever your reason, we're here to support you in bringing your magic to life.
Specialised Actors Headshots
© 2023 NARLI Creative | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
It was reported in the Rochester Democrat & Chronicle in an article by David Tyler that the Kessler Family LLC of Brighton, NY, the largest franchisee of Friendly Ice Cream Corp., may be interested in buying the chain. The Kessler company said Monday it has retained Mastodon Ventures Inc., a merger-and-acquisition firm in Austin, Texas, to explore "strategic alternatives," including the purchase of some or all of Friendly's assets. The move follows Friendly's announcement last week that it had retained Goldman Sachs & Co. to explore its own set of strategic alternatives. Friendly Ice Cream has a network of 530 franchised and company-owned restaurants and distributes ice cream at 4,500 supermarkets. The company has been in a public battle with Sardar Biglari, head of the Lion Fund and Western Sizzlin Corp., which controls about 15 percent of Friendly's shares. Biglari and associate Philip Cooley are seeking seats on Friendly's board. The company has also drawn criticism from 91-year-old co-founder Prestley Blake, who was 20 when he and his brother opened an ice cream shop in Springfield, Mass., during the depths of the Depression, selling double-dip cones for a nickel. Kessler Family, run by brothers Dennis and Laurence Kessler, is the largest Friendly's franchisee, with 46 restaurants. Reached Monday, Dennis Kessler declined to comment, citing the early stage of the process. Robert Hersch, a principal in Mastodon, said the Kesslers wanted to explore options because "they believe in the Friendly's concept." "Most of this is up to Friendly's," Hersch said. Asked if the Kesslers supported Biglari's effort, he said, "no comment." In addition to the Friendly's restaurants, Kessler Family owns upstate Burger King restaurants.
Play N Trade Sells 200 Video Game Store Franchises in 10 Months This is an interesting "full-service" approach to gaming. They have a "try before you buy" policy, do game console repairs, in-house tournaments, and sell all the gear a gamer needs. Selling 200 stores in 10 months (1,000 store goal in 3 years) is a dangerously fast – how can a young franchisor adequately service so many franchisees? I'm skeptical. Update March 2, 2007: Great comment by a reader: I think this concept will have legs for another 5 years, but then it will crumble. All the new game consoles and obviously the PC games are played in group mode online. Downloading patches and extended game mods are all the rage, so it only make sense to download the original game too (which PC users often do now). So, Play N Trade will live a short life much like video rental and trading. Of all business to invest in, why would you choose a product that would obviously be replaced in the near term? I'd prefer a high-end game center because many kids can't afford the $1,500 – $3,000 for top-of-the-line gaming PCs and video cards. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Download> Dead at First Sight by Peter James
Language: English | Format: epub | Size: 1.81 MB |
Roy Grace, creation of the CWA Diamond Dagger award winning author Peter James, exposes the dark side of the internet in Dead at First Sight.
You don't know me, but I thought I knew you . . .A man waits at a London airport for Ingrid Ostermann, the love of his life, to arrive. Across the Atlantic, a retired NYPD cop waits in a bar in Florida's Key West for his first date with the lady who is, without question, his soulmate. The two men are about to discover they've been scammed out of almost every penny they have in the world - and that neither women exist.Meanwhile, a wealthy divorcée plunges, in suspicious circumstances, from an apartment block in Munich. In the same week, Detective Superintendent Roy Grace is called to investigate the suicide of a woman in Brighton, that is clearly not what it seems. As his investigations continue, a handsome Brighton motivational speaker comes forward. He's discovered his identity is being used to scam eleven different women, online. The first he knew of it was a phone call from one of them, out of the blue, saying, 'You don't know me, but I thought I knew you'.That woman is now dead.Roy Grace realizes he is looking at the tip of an iceberg. A global empire built on clever, cruel internet scams and the murder of anyone who threatens to expose them.**
"Grace is a detective known for his human touch." - New York Times on Need You Dead
"Immensely satisfying. . . . The action hurtles to a shattering conclusion." - Publishers Weekly starred review of Love You Dead
"In my thirty four years of policing, never have I come across a writer who so accurately depicts "The Job." -Detective Investigator Pat Lanigan, Office of the District Attorney, NYPD
Peter James is a New York Times -bestselling writer of crime fiction. His novels, which include the bestselling Roy Grace series, have been translated into 36 languages, with worldwide sales of 19 million copies.
https://rapidgator.net/file/55b1c7a5d0d21ea2509389ccd706d333/dead_at_first_sight_by_peter_jamesepubkornbolt.epub
https://uploadgig.com/file/download/5078640bee9c0f5B/dead_at_first_sight_by_peter_jamesepubkornbolt.epub
Download Dead at First Sight by Peter James with 8107 Kb/s download speeds
Below you can post Comment about Free download Dead at First Sight by Peter James, full download Dead at First Sight by Peter James free from rapidshare, filesonic, fileserve, megaupload, mediafire, hotfile, ftp, direct download. Dead at First Sight by Peter James Torrent Download or anything related to the article here. Only English is allowed.
Tick Tock (Grace Allendale, n 2) by Mel Sherratt
Over Your Dead Body (John Cleaver, n 5) by Dan Wells
The Vampire Who Played Dead by J R Rain
Grace - FMA (2016) mp3 320 kbps
The Art of Grace: On Moving Well Through Life | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Appointment of interlocutor shows Doval doctrine has failed in J&K: Farooq Abdullah
<!– /11440465/Dna_Article_Middle_300x250_BTF –>Q: What is National Conference's response to the appointment of Dineshwar Sharma as the interlocutor for Kashmir?A: As far as I'm concerned as the president of the party, it is good that an interlocutor has been appointed but I have a question for government of India. What about the earlier reports of the interlocutors which lie with the Centre. What has happened to those reports. Late Padgaonkar ji and three committees which were made and gave the reports, what happened to them? Why don't they put them before the Parliament?Q: Why weren't these reports implemented. You were part of the UPA?
ALSO READ Big challenge, will work with an open mind, says Kashmir interlocutor Dineshwar SharmaA: We did say and always asked as to why these reports aren't being implemented. Now that government has gone and now you have a present government. Governments may go but things are there. Here is a government which says that they are working for the people and I would be delighted if they open those books and put them before the Parliament.Q: Do you feel that successive talks without implementation of the recommendations added fuel to the fire?
ALSO READ J&K peace talks: How the past interlocutors and groups failed to break any deadlock A: Absolutely. They spent two years in the state, visiting Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir and met every single person including Hurriyat and compiled the report. It is there in the Home Ministry. For God's sake, bring it out. Q: Why did the government sat on the report?
ALSO READ Appointment of interlocutor will not impact army's operation in Jammu and Kashmir: Bipin RawatA: I think, you should ask Manmohan Singh as to why anything wasn't done. Q: Has the present government taken note of the reports ?A: I don't know. Please put this question to home minister Rajnath Singh. He will be able to answer.Q: Is it mandatory to speak with Pakistan? Hurriyat has made an issue out of it.A: Frankly I don't think that interlocutor can discuss with Pakistan. Discussion with Pakistan will have to be by government of India and at levels they chose to do so. Whether it is Home Minister or Prime Minister it is for them to decide. They have a part of Jammu and Kashmir with them and it cannot be ignored. Q: Does the appointment show that muscular approach doesn't work with people?A: Absolutely. Doval's doctrine has failed. His doctrine was to beat them to the ground and do everything you can to suppress them. Every theory has failed. They thought that with demonetization, militancy would disappear, it is at the highest level today. What have they achieved? Nothing. Our tourism has died. It is at zero. Nobody bothered.Q: What would you like the interlocutor to do?A: I don't know who is he going to engage with. Home Minister tried to engage with every national party except the Hurriyat. No Home Minister didn't talk to Hurriyat. I don't know what a retired civil servant would be able to achieve. Q: Wouldn't it provide a buffer to mainstream parties like yours? Workers of mainstream parties have been attacked by terrorists?A: We have had this happen from 1989. Our workers and leaders have been targeted. No one cared about it. We will face the brunt but we will not disappear. We will be here. Q: What has been the cause of the present unrest where civil institutions are failing to function normally?A: One is the government of BJP and PDP. It has been the greatest misery that have been inflicted on the people of this state. it really put petrol on the fire and our neighbour utilised it to the best as it could.Q: Are you saying that BJP-PDP is an unnatural alliance?A; I'm not the only person who has said this. Ask anyone on the street and they will tell you.Q: BJP has said that this is not the first-time unrest has taken place. Worse unrest have taken place in past. A: They failed in everything so where does the blame lie? Q: Present Army Chief has spoken about the success of Army's approach in the valley. A: I think Army chief should restrict himself to the matters of the Army. He should look after the borders of India rather than talking about other things. It doesn't augur well for him. Q: Has politics of nationalism vs anti nationalism affected the political discourse in valley?A: Who are anti nationals? If people ask for their rights, do they become anti nationals? If they want to speak truth, do they become anti national? We gave the autonomy resolution to Vajpayee, was that anti national? It is in the Constitution of India. I don't understand what is meant by anti national. If they want to smash the pride of the people then they are not going to succeed.Q: Kashmir too at one end has not been accommodative. Pandits have not been able to return.A: Who is responsible for Pandits not going back? All mainstream parties and Hurriyat welcomed them. We asked them to come back. There are Pandits living in the Valley. They didn't migrate. It is for the others and make a move and come home. It is as much as their home as it is my home. They must make move.Q: Is 35 A an issue in Kashmir?A: If it wasn't a big issue, even PDP wouldn't have been shouting against it. It is a major issue in the valley. Q: Have you spoken about this issue with Prime Minister Narendra Modi?A: Many people have asked and I would say that I have spoken to him and if the situation arise I would speak to him again. I have no problem in speaking to the Prime Minister Modi.Q: Where does the solution lie?A: Heal the wounds of the people and not by force and arrests that are being done and talk to Pakistan. Talk to them or else it will continue to happen. Only talking to Delhi will not make slightest difference. I remember Vajpaye's words. Friends can be changed but not neighbours. We either live in harmony with neighbour and both progress or live in animosity and both suffer. These are the golden words. There is always an opportunity for finding a peaceful solution and I think PM has the courage to do so and if he takes that step he can make a difference but only to India and to the sub continent and world peace.Q: Does Kashmir miss Vajpayee? Do you miss Vajpayee?A: We all miss Vajpayee. India misses him. He is still alive. He is a great leader.Q: So where is the hope for peace?A: I just hope that government of India takes the step to bring peace to the valley. They say that hope lies life and if one loses hope one would lose life. I hope for peace and prosperity not only for Kashmir but for the whole country. Q: Arrests by NIA also show that Pakistan is funding separatism and terror network?A: Nobody will mind if those arrests prove that money came from Pakistan and they used it. But the longer you hold them in prison and hold them longer and longer then people wouldn't believe you and would feel that they are being pushed for saying things. They feel that there is nothing in it.Q: Are you saying that investigations must conclude quickly?A: Yes, it must and quicker and better. It must be fast paced. It should be revealed to the people of India.
Kartikeya Sharma
absolutely, also, bjp, dineshwar, india, miss, pandits, parliament, pdp
Will we get a public holiday? Twitter reacts to BJP celebrating Nov 8 as 'Anti-Black Money' Day
Karnataka: Political slugfest erupts as President Kovind mentions Tipu Sultan in speech
Posts by Kartikeya Sharma
Election controversy clouds Winter Session of Parliament : BJP and Congress to spar over Pakistan dinner controversy
Beyond 'Vikas Gando Thayo Che': How Congress came up with its successful Gujarat strategy
Battle for Gujarat: Surat, India's diamond capital, has accepted reforms but…
Why BJP is comfortable in Gujarat despite Congress onslaught: Inside party's formidable messaging machinery
Gujarat Elections 2017: It is going to be one-sided contest, says Jitendra Singh
Comments by Kartikeya Sharma | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
My husband and I are having our first baby in October. We just moved into a new house, giving us a blank canvas on which to build the perfect nursery for our new baby girl, Charlotte Cecile.
Like many new moms-to-be, I found myself wading through thousands of pictures on pinterest and becoming overwhelmed by all the gorgeous nurseries. Ultimately, I opted to go with a cool, calming palette in lavender and mint. We wanted the room to be charming and sweet, with a flair for the whimsy. We added gorgeous vintage-inspired hot air balloons as the mobile, a sweet chandelier fit for any princess, and tea pots reminiscent of one of my favorite children's books, Alice In Wonderland.
I have an eclectic style, pulling from modern to traditional and shabby chic, to simple and charming. I like to incorporate items that we collect during travels, or items of sentimental value to me and my family with pops of color here and there.
We started with our calming paint palette- We opted to go with Sherwin Williams Rainwashed on top of the chair rail and Sherwin Williams Snowbound below.
Once we had the palette, everything started coming together. We added Pottery Barn Baby bedding in the pattern of Brooklyn, and a comfy rocker glider from Wayfair for all those upcoming sleepless nights. I found the perfect rug to pull the room together on Overstock.com, and the rest was adding small touches here and there. A vintage balloon mobile found online on Amazon, and we updated some furniture pieces we already had with a simple coat of paint in the color of Seasalt by Behr. A few sentimental touches here and there really accented the room well, a tea set given to us by my husband's grandmother, my wedding bouquet made of vintage brooches, and a carousel painting from New Orleans, where my husband and I were married.
The best advice I can give you is to take your time and don't commit yourself too rigidly to one design motif. The best design themes incorporate versatile elements- Don't be afraid to put something that might not necessarily match or fit into one theme. The whole design doesn't have to be done at once, so take your time gathering items that combine both form and function, and items that bring you joy. Remember, you're going to be spending a lot of time in this room, so the design should be just as much FOR YOU as it is for your new bundle. Have fun and Happy Decorating!
Where did you get the table lamp from?
I am the soon-to-be Mother of a baby girl, Charlotte Cecile in October. My husband and I live in Denver, CO. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The SAILOR STEM Boatbuilding initiative connects under-served middle and high school students in the Philadelphia area to the water. This program targets young minds to encourage interest and understanding in Engineering, Mathematics, and the Sciences in addition to team building, problem solving, and leadership.
Through our after-school programming, we build upon the core principles of education and curriculum that students are already learning in their traditional school settings by taking it a step further. Our students' classroom knowledge is enhanced via an intensive hands-on experiential learning approach to informal education through our SAILOR STEM Boatbuilding Program in ISM's traditional wooden boat shop, The Workshop on the Water. It is through this program that students work together to build a wooden boat from start to finish where the boat is a vehicle for teaching key concepts in Physics, Mathematics, Biology, Engineering, Design, Construction, Technology, English Language Arts, Ecology, and Chemistry, as well as Team-building and Leadership.
SAILOR is generously supported in part by the W.W. Smith Charitable Trust.
Interested schools should contact Dave Dormond, Workshop on the Water Educator, at 215-413-8685 or [email protected]. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The highly anticipated three-story sky bridge that links the two American Copper Buildings officially opened on Wednesday, making it the first of its kind in New York City in more than 80 years. In a collaboration between SHoP Architects and JDS Development Group, the pair of copper-clad luxury rental buildings at 626 First Avenue, known for their slanted silhouettes, began leasing earlier this year. And now, the buildings' swath of amenities have been unveiled, including the 100-foot-long sky bridge that is suspended 300 feet in the air and boasts a 75-foot indoor lap pool, hot tub and a bar and lounge for residents.
The team behind the American Copper Buildings–JDS Development Group and SHoP Architects–teased a few interior renderings of the rental back in August, but now the project's full site is live and there's a slew of images of the SHoP-designed model apartments, as well as never-before-seen renderings of SCAPE Landscape Architecture's courtyard plaza. Along with these new views comes news from Curbed that though listings for the 600 market-rate units aren't available yet, (160 others became available through an affordable housing lottery) rents will start at $2,800/month for studios, $4,100/month for one-bedrooms, and $6,800/month for two-bedrooms.
After last week's rush of news surrounding the American Copper Buildings–the launch of its affordable housing lottery for 160 units and the first reveal of its interior renderings–6sqft decided to take a tour inside the SHoP Architects-designed project.
JDS Development Group's dancing East River towers have become best known for their copper facade (made up of 5,000 metal panels) and its three-story, amenity-filled skybridge that hovers 300 feet above the site at 626 First Avenue. Not only did we walk through the bridge, but we also took a peek at the buildings' already greening copper patina, had a first look at the lap pool on the 28th floor that will float between the towers, and also checked out the insane views from the roof.
POLL: Will Amenity-Filled Skybridges Become a New Architectural Trend?
When the SHoP Architects-designed American Copper Buildings were first revealed, it wasn't as much their twisting silhouettes that made headlines as it was their diagonal, amenity-filled skybridge. The three-story bridge, boasting a lap pool and lounge and topped with private terraces, is located 300 feet above the street, the highest such structure in the city and a new concept in enticing residents to the luxury market. And just this week, Bjarke Ingels unveiled new views of his High Line towers, which will feature two skybridges. Though they're much closer to the ground, they're also planned as amenity spaces, which makes us wonder–is this architectural feature set to become a new trend in NYC?
Today is the day for big reveals at the American Copper Buildings. Earlier, 6sqft broke the news that the affordable housing lottery for the project's low-income units will begin Monday (with homes ranging from $833/month studios to $1,247/month three-bedrooms), and now Curbed has shared the first interior renderings of the 761 apartments, as well as some additional amenity details.
SHoP Architects, who designed the pair of dancing towers for JDS Development, are also responsible for the interiors, an unusual occurrence for the firm. They've outfitted the residences with 10-foot ceilings and floor-to-ceiling windows, and custom-designed oak floors, kitchens, lighting, and shades.
One of the flashiest new residential projects on the horizon is the American Copper Buildings, the SHoP Architects-designed dancing towers along the East River that have become best known for their three-story, amenity-filled skybridge, the highest such structure in the city at 300 feet above street level. As 6sqft previously reported, when completed early next year, the shimmering buildings will offer 761 rental units, 20 percent of which will be earmarked for low-income households. This latter group of 160 apartments has now officially come online through the city's affordable housing lottery, ranging from $833/month studios to $1,247/month three-bedrooms. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
One of the UK's "big six" energy suppliers has lost an appeal against a conviction for mis-selling to customers.
According to an article published by BBC News, SSE's appeal has been thrown out; the company were originally found guilty at Guildford Crown Court in May 2011.
Sales agents of SSE were found to have used misleading sales scripts when doorstep selling between September 2008 and July 2009; the energy supplier was found guilty on two counts of the seven charges brought against it.
On Friday the decision was upheld by the Court of Appeal.
Commenting on the verdict, SSE's director of sales, Stephen Forbes, said: "We are very disappointed with the outcome of the appeal."
He added: "We will now consider our next steps but it is likely we will not see to take this issue any further."
The article states that the case is thought to represent the first time a "big six" energy supplier "has been prosecuted for using dishonest sales techniques." | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Cite this Article: Truchuelo MT, Vitale MA, Bettoli V, Estebaranz JL. Acne Relapses and Maintenance Therapy: an Update on Definition and Prevention. Sci J Clin Res Dermatol. 2017;2(1): 018-027.
Our case describes an unusual presentation of dermatomyositis in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. The eruption appeared as a venous stasis like dermatitis. The temporal sequence of onset after chemotherapy administration suggested a possible drug-induced process. However, in the context of underlying ovarian carcinoma, a paraneoplastic process offered an alternative explanation for dermatomyositis.
Cite this Article: Seidler AM, Wasserman DI, Turkowski Y, Serva AG, Konnikov N. Unusual Presentation of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis. Sci J Clin Res Dermatol. 2017;2(1): 014-017.
Introduction: Labia minora that protrude past the labia majora are aesthetically unsatisfactory to some women. Patient preference is for minimally invasive procedures with little or no downtime and minimal scarring. Fat grafts and crosslinked hyaluronic acid have been used to treat the labia majora and mons pubis for aesthetic improvement of the external female genitalia. Here, the author describes a simple and effective technique for addressing hypotrophic labia majora by injecting diluted Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA).
Cite this Article: van Loghem JAJ. Use of Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Augmentation of the Labia Majora and Mons Pubis. Sci J Clin Res Dermatol. 2017;2(1): 010-013.
Patients with AD showed high incidence of duodenitis and cervical spine as a disorder other than skin. We experienced many cases where treatment resulted in improvement of eruptions of AD and other disorders other than skin were alleviated. We also experienced patients with AD with duodenitis normalized by repeated testing. In the same case of AD, many disorders of the organs of the duodenum and the cervical spine were observed. The toxin produced by S. aureus detected from the skin of patients with AD was high rate.
Cite this Article: Sugimoto K, Hattori T, Kitsukawa Y, Aotsuka A, Wada T, et al. Importance of Measures against Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis as a Superantigen Disease. Sci J Clin Res Dermatol. 2017;2(1): 007-009.
Cite this Article: Arpaci RB, Kara T, Karabulut YY, Gursoy D, Polat Y, et al. Sclerodermatous Skin: An Immunohistochemical Study. Sci J Clin Res Dermatol. 2017;2(1): 001-006. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
(April 6, 2017) San Diego, CA - The Fusenot Foundation, a California based 501(c)3 foundation was honored by the San Diego Center for Economics Education (SDCEE) with the naming of the organization's annual award to "Fusenot Foundation and SDCEE Economics History Day Awards". The dedication coincided with the 2017 National History Day Contest in San Diego.
As part of History Day, students compete by preparing detailed projects on the topic of economic impact. A portion of the Fusenot Foundation grant is earmarked to be distributed as cash awards to the top four students for their endeavors.
(January 21, 2017) San Diego, CA - The Georges and Germaine Fusenot Charity Foundation (The Fusenot Foundation) commemorates its 50th anniversary. The California 501(c)3 foundation was established in January 1967 by Germaine Fusenot with a mission to assist non-profits based in the Golden State.
For the 50th anniversary, the Foundation instituted a branding campaign with the goal to share information about the organization, its history and founder, as well as honor the numerous organizations that have benefitted from the funding grants over the years. An official logo was adopted and the foundation's first ever website has launched, FusenotFoundation.org.
The Fusenot Foundation's volunteer Board of Trustees include: Guy Stone, Chairman; Patricia Stone, Vice Chairman; Janet Kernan, Secretary; Alfred Borrelli, Treasurer; Scott Whitman, Attorney; Charles Gorder, Sr., Viveca S. Berry, Richard Stone and Norman Walker.
Germaine was born in Paris, France in 1886. As a child, she immigrated to the United States with her parents Auguste and Marie Durand Fusenot, settling in California. Germaine's father, founded the prestigious Ville de Paris department store in Los Angeles in 1893.
A cousin of the Fusenots, Georges Fusenot also immigrated from France to live in Los Angeles, assisting Auguste in managing the department store. In 1907, Germaine and Georges were married. Four months later, Auguste suddenly passed away leaving the Ville de Paris to Germaine and Georges. The store continued to be a successful enterprise and was purchased in 1915 by owners of the Emporium, a well-known department store in San Francisco.
Germaine and Georges were active philanthropist during World War I and II including donating an ambulance to the Republic of France. They also sponsored the French War Relief Chapter of the American Red Cross from 1939-1946, among many other charity endeavors.
Per the book, "History of The Georges and Germaine Fusenot Charity Foundation" published in 1981, "Germaine desired to leave something in the name of the Fusenots that would show their appreciation to the United States, commemorate Georges' existence and be of some benefit to their fellow man." | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Agence spécialisée en Relations publiques (RP).
Experience in lifestyle, toys, business services, IT, consumer tech, food and beverages, consumer services, industry for international companies, SMBs and start-ups.
For each Christmas we edited a "trend" press package with the "sure hits" of the season. That lead to interviews of the spokesperson in printed and broadcasted medias.
Also handled media events in stores regularly.
Handled the Public relations campaign for this Spain-base toy store/manufacturer.
Had coverage with products through loans and picture distribution, selection in Christmas pages, and all over the year in children and parenting magazines. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
namespace T4WFI.App.Pages
{
using T4WFI.App.Code;
public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
public WebForm1(IDummyInterface dummyInterface)
{
}
}
} | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
This site is between Foosacklys and Tire Pro on Shelton Beach Road (SBR) and comprises 1.35 aces +/-. It is being offered for sale with the following requirements being installed and funded by others. They are as follows: 1) To install a full access drive from SBR between this site and Foosacklys to connect to the interior property, this drive will terminate at the back of this site. 2) Meeting any and all ALDOT requirements to install the access drive along SBR. A drawing showing this overall plan is included with the listing and is also available upon request. Property will require subdividing through the City of Saraland Planning Commission. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
est un mangaka japonais né le à Mizusawa, dans la préfecture d'Iwate, au Japon.
Il est spécialisé dans les yonkoma à l'humour irréaliste.
Biographie
Sensha Yoshida naît en à (devenu Ōshū), dans la préfecture d'Iwate, au Japon. En 1979, il entre au lycée de Mizusawa (Iwate). En 1983, il entre à l'université de Wakō, sans diplôme.
Sa carrière de mangaka commence en 1985. En 1989, sa série est publiée dans le magazine Big Comic Spirits ; . Son humour irréaliste mène à la création du terme afin de caractériser cette œuvre.
Il devient l'un des mangaka de yonkoma les plus appréciés au Japon.
En 1991, il remporte le prix Bungeishunjū de manga pour Utsurun Desu.
Vie privée
Il est marié avec la mangaka Risa Itō.
Œuvre
1989 :
; publié chez Hakusensha.
; 1 volume publié chez Hakusensha.
, pré publié dans le magazine Comic Burger ; 2 volumes publiés chez Scholar.
, pré publié dans le magazine Big Comic Spirits ; 5 volumes publiés chez Shogakukan.
1991 : , pré publié dans le magazine Comic Burger ; 1 volume publié chez Scholar.
1992 :
, pré publié dans le magazine Shuukan Shounen Sunday ; 1 volume publié chez Shogakukan.
publié chez Magazine House.
1993 : , pré publié dans le magazine Comic Burger ; 1 volume publié chez Scholar.
1994 : , pré publié dans le magazine Famicom Tsuushin ; 2 volumes publiés chez ASCII.
1995 :
, pré publié dans le magazine Comic Burger ; 1 volume publié chez Scholar.
, pré publié dans le magazine Big Comic Spirits ; 5 volumes publiés chez Shogakukan.
; 1 volume publié chez Scholar.
1996 :
; 2 volumes publiés chez Shogakukan.
, pré publié dans le magazine Manga Action ; 1 volume publié chez Futabasha.
1997 :
; 1 volume publié chez ASCII.
, pré publié dans le magazine Comic Burger ; 1 volume publié chez Scholar.
1998 : ; publié chez Hakusensha.
1999 : , pré publié dans le magazine Morning ; 1 volume publié chez Kodansha.
2000 : , pré publié dans le magazine Comic Birz ; 1 volume publié chez Gentosha.
2001 :
2002 :
2003 :
2004 :
2005 :
2006 :
2007 :
2008 :
2009 :
2010 :
2012 :
Récompenses
1991 : prix Bungeishunjū pour le manga Utsurun Desu..
2015 : Prix culturel Osamu Tezuka pour l'histoire courte Okayu Neko.
Bibliographie
The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition: A Century of Japanese Animation, Jonathan Clements et Helen McCarthy
Notes et références
Notes
Baka-Update
Liens externes
Mangaka
Dessinateur japonais
Naissance en août 1963 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
namespace Microsoft.Azure.Management.Network
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Rest;
using Microsoft.Rest.Azure;
using Models;
/// <summary>
/// LocalNetworkGatewaysOperations operations.
/// </summary>
public partial interface ILocalNetworkGatewaysOperations
{
/// <summary>
/// The Put LocalNetworkGateway operation creates/updates a local
/// network gateway in the specified resource group through Network
/// resource provider.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='localNetworkGatewayName'>
/// The name of the local network gateway.
/// </param>
/// <param name='parameters'>
/// Parameters supplied to the Begin Create or update Local Network
/// Gateway operation through Network resource provider.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse<LocalNetworkGateway>> CreateOrUpdateWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, string localNetworkGatewayName, LocalNetworkGateway parameters, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The Put LocalNetworkGateway operation creates/updates a local
/// network gateway in the specified resource group through Network
/// resource provider.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='localNetworkGatewayName'>
/// The name of the local network gateway.
/// </param>
/// <param name='parameters'>
/// Parameters supplied to the Begin Create or update Local Network
/// Gateway operation through Network resource provider.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse<LocalNetworkGateway>> BeginCreateOrUpdateWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, string localNetworkGatewayName, LocalNetworkGateway parameters, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The Get LocalNetworkGateway operation retrieves information about
/// the specified local network gateway through Network resource
/// provider.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='localNetworkGatewayName'>
/// The name of the local network gateway.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse<LocalNetworkGateway>> GetWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, string localNetworkGatewayName, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The Delete LocalNetworkGateway operation deletes the specified
/// local network Gateway through Network resource provider.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='localNetworkGatewayName'>
/// The name of the local network gateway.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse> DeleteWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, string localNetworkGatewayName, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The Delete LocalNetworkGateway operation deletes the specified
/// local network Gateway through Network resource provider.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='localNetworkGatewayName'>
/// The name of the local network gateway.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse> BeginDeleteWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, string localNetworkGatewayName, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The List LocalNetworkGateways operation retrieves all the local
/// network gateways stored.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='resourceGroupName'>
/// The name of the resource group.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse<IPage<LocalNetworkGateway>>> ListWithHttpMessagesAsync(string resourceGroupName, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
/// <summary>
/// The List LocalNetworkGateways operation retrieves all the local
/// network gateways stored.
/// </summary>
/// <param name='nextPageLink'>
/// The NextLink from the previous successful call to List operation.
/// </param>
/// <param name='customHeaders'>
/// The headers that will be added to request.
/// </param>
/// <param name='cancellationToken'>
/// The cancellation token.
/// </param>
Task<AzureOperationResponse<IPage<LocalNetworkGateway>>> ListNextWithHttpMessagesAsync(string nextPageLink, Dictionary<string, List<string>> customHeaders = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Learn how to open multi-tiered business accounts. Complex business structures with multiple business entities owners present unique challenges in light of new Customer Due Diligence (CDD) rules. We will diagram and map out several complicated business structures and learn how to get the proper documentation, resolutions and beneficial ownership in these unique entities.
This webinar will benefit BSA officers and staff, deposit operations, new account representatives, branch managers, branch personnel, training and security. BSA Officer, Deposit Operations, New Accounts Representatives, Branch Managers, Branch Personnel and training.
This 2 hour event was recorded on Friday, October 26th, 2018. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Don't see the value in battling traffic, long lines and people to go see wildflowers? Then these glorious photos are for you.
As thousands march around Southern California, follow our reporters and photographers as we cover events live.
Follow along with our reporters and photographers as we cover the LAUSD teachers strike, picketing and the impact on students and schools.
Here are all the victims who have been identified as those who died in the Thousand Oaks mass shooting.
Live updates on the Holy fire burning near Lake Elsinore and Orange County. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Asia Pacific NewsCameras and Lighting
Sony PMW-F55 Selected by Neighbours
Neighbours DOP Steve Scoble and the F55 camera on the set of Neighbours
First broadcast in 1985, Neighbours has become an Australian icon and the longest running drama series in Australian television history, launching the careers of stars like Kylie Minogue, Jason Donovan, Delta Goodrem, Natalie Imbruglia, Guy Pearce and Margot Robbie. Recently the show moved to shooting with Sony PMW-F55 large sensor 4K cameras.
Steve Scoble, Location DoP for production company Fremantle Media on Neighbours since 2006 explained, "The Neighbours location unit had previously been using Sony XDCAMs and they were nearing the end of their lifecycle. A search began for new cameras that needed to satisfy more technical and creative options to facilitate fast moving tightly scheduled drama. Research was conducted on a variety of cameras available."
The Neighbours team decided to go with a larger sensor format as the current 2/3″ PDW-700 had been around for some time.
Scoble continued, "The F55 is a third generation Super35 sensor. This narrowed our choices. Bearing in mind we had chosen to go with 30-300mm, 30-105mm and 15-47mm cine zoom lenses to cover all our needs, the F55 ticked off all of our requirements for shooting Neighbours. As we see it the main advantages of using an F55 are its Super35 4K sensor for improved contrast ratios, the variable frame rate and the integral ND filters. Our F55s have now been in production for 20 weeks and have performed well beyond our expectations."
Neighbours use two F55s on location, bringing in an additional camera when required.
One of the improvements Scoble and the crew noticed when using the F55 was in the contrast ratios and the ability of the sensor to handle extreme highlights compared to the XDCAM cameras.
Scoble added, "This was quite appealing for our style of drama shooting. I previously worked with Sony cameras for many years on Blue Heelers and was extremely impressed with their reliability and quality for fast turnaround drama. The cameras were constantly in extreme conditions running long hours with very few technical issues. I have also spoken to other DoPs who own and use the F55 and all are extremely happy. The F55 seemed like the ideal choice as it satisfied all our technical requirements with the 4K Super35 CMOS sensor, global shutter, extra exposure latitude, greatly improved ASA rating (currently able to shoot 4000 ASA without noise), variable frame rate, and the ability to shoot 4K when required. In consultation with the producers we felt the F55 would have a huge impact on the picture quality for both local and overseas sales. Of course, the F55 is capable of shooting 4K, but due to current post-production storage requirements and having to match our studio pictures it was decided to shoot with XAVC HD 1920 x1080 at 25p."
Gary Scott, 1st Assistant Camera Location Unit, also saw the benefits of the F55 in its design, engineering, build quality and reliability. He added, "We also needed a camera system which was durable, stable and resistant to both heavy use over prolonged periods and the sometimes-extreme Melbourne environmental conditions, especially on exterior locations. The F55 was ideal."
Television imaging has recently seen rapid development in camera systems featuring the larger Super35 sized sensors. Typically, the latest single CMOS sensors have native resolution around 4K, which can be recorded in a range of formats and resolutions, from the current HDTV 1080 format up to full 4K. The single CMOS Super35 sensors exhibit vastly increased ISO speed, colour resolution and gamma range, when compared to 3 CCD prism systems.
Scott continued, "With this in mind both the increased speed and vastly increased gamma range of 14 photographic stops as opposed to our previous 5 or 6 are huge advantages when using the F55 in terms of technical and aesthetic results."
To improve the look and quality of the show the Neighbours production team needed to enable a seamless technical and aesthetic imaging match between the studio and location units and provide consistency with current dramatic and artistic practices.
Gary Scott added, "The F55 has a number of specific features that helped us improve the look of the show including, as mentioned previously, integral rotating ND filters, which are extremely useful in the variable lighting conditions routinely experienced on Neighbours locations. Also the familiarity and system compatibility of Sony cameras is very helpful in ensuring a smooth transition for the crew."
On the post side, retrieving data from the Sony SxS pro memory card into Avid Media Composer has been a far simpler process than the previous year's post production workflow according to Post Supervisor Caroline Scott and 3rd Assistant Editor Rebecca McPherson as Scott explained, "It is now easy, streamlined and has vastly improved our timeframes, making things much quicker than how we did them last year. We have managed to streamline the process in a number of ways including our ability to Avid AMA link and transcode footage, rather than import from XDCAM. Also, the invaluable use of upgraded Ambient ACL 204 Lockit boxes with a programmable offset has enabled us to auto sync and multi-group audio and vision clips with a synchronised source time-code, as opposed to manually matching each slate."
McPherson added, "What once took an Assistant Editor approximately 3.5 hours per day to process and distribute rushes, we now manage to do in 1.5 hours. Next year with the addition of the new Avid DNxHD codec hardware upgrade available for the Sony F55 camera we aim to record in a native Avid codec allowing us to vastly improve on our ingest timeframes."
Looking back over the F55's success on Neighbours during the last twenty weeks Steve Scoble concluded, "In general the cameras are in use five days a week, with ten shooting hours per day and in weather conditions which are often unstable. The F55 cameras are reliable, sturdy and can take the heat, the cold and rough and tumble of fast turnaround shooting. After six months we are really happy with the Sony F55 cameras and the quality of the image is well beyond expectations."
Visit pro.sony.com.au
Previous articleSony Launches Competition to Win a Brand New PXW-FS5 4K Camera
Next articleKYOSHIN Unveils Mistika-Graded HDR-4K Content at InterBEE2015 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
If you've taken more than the maximum dose of ibuprofen, call your doctor or choel howl at the moon to your nearest hospital accident and emergency (AE) department as soon as It's safe to take ibuprofen with paracetamol or codeine. Contents of the pack and other information. Valium is the brand name for an anti-anxiety medication which contains diazepam, a Schedule IV controlled substance.
Howl at the Moon is a highly successful dueling piano concept that has grown to 11 locations since its inception in Providing an entertainment experience. Howl at the Moon, Dublin Picture: Howl at the moon - Check out TripAdvisor and the Moon in Dublin. Stairs at HOWL at the Moon nightclub in Dublin. Chloé F. Howl at the Moon: My favourite place in Dublin - See 36 traveller reviews, 15 candid photos, and great deals for Dublin, Ireland, 3 Thank Chloé F. This review.
Howl At The Moon Original Mix · Taylr Renee, Stadiumx · Progressive House Vicetone, Chloe Angelides · Protocol Recordings. $ Colors. I had my birthday function at Howl at the Moon in early September. The staff The whole night we were looked after by Chloe a nice young waitress.. Andreas. Howl at the Moon: Excellent Late Bar - See 36 traveler reviews, 15 candid photos , and great deals for Dublin, Ireland, at TripAdvisor. 3 Thank Chloé F.
Our 2 Things series exploded all over Austin, TX—everyone from Until The Ribbon Breaks to Chlöe Howl had something to share! Watch 'em. After two years out of the limelight, Chlöe Howl is back and in control. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Remothered: Broken Porcelain
Psychological horror series Remothered returns next year with Broken Porcelain
By Andy Chalk
The psychological horror game promises 'evolved' gameplay with new and returning characters.
Remothered: Tormented Fathers is a third-person horror game released by Italian studio Stormind Games in 2018, and while it didn't get the attention of, say, the Amnesia games, it did very well critically. It must have done reasonably well commercially, too, because Stormind is working on a sequel, this one to be published by Modus Games (Tormented Fathers was put out by Darril Arts) called Remothered: Broken Porcelain.
Broken Porcelain will feature characters returning from the first game as well as new ones "inspired by iconic protagonists within the horror genre." It will take place in the decrepit ruins of the Ashmann Inn, a place filled with puzzles and horrors, and promises "evolved gameplay, hugely expanded lore for the Remothered universe, and enhanced storytelling through the series debut of real-time cinematics."
Creepy cinematics are cool, but the "mature content description" provides a more functional rundown of gameplay: "The game involves a young woman escaping oppressors in confined environments. The horror elements are psychological in nature. Enemies will chase the player as they run, hide, and try to oust them with environmental resources and weapons."
"The truths buried in the Ashmann Inn will not be discovered easily—its many mysteries are intertwined and guarded by the looming threat of the stalkers, powerful hunters trapped in time and the confines of its walls. Survival will take more than just quick reactions as a strategic and resourceful approach will quickly become critical in this haunting adventure," the Steam listing says. "Be smart—knowing the best time to sneak, flee or fight imminent dangers can quickly make the hunters become the hunted."
Remothered: Broken Porcelain is expected to be out in summer 2020.
Andy Chalk
Andy has been gaming on PCs from the very beginning, starting as a youngster with text adventures and primitive action games on a cassette-based TRS80. From there he graduated to the glory days of Sierra Online adventures and Microprose sims, ran a local BBS, learned how to build PCs, and developed a longstanding love of RPGs, immersive sims, and shooters. He began writing videogame news in 2007 for The Escapist and somehow managed to avoid getting fired until 2014, when he joined the storied ranks of PC Gamer. He covers all aspects of the industry, from new game announcements and patch notes to legal disputes, Twitch beefs, esports, and Henry Cavill. Lots of Henry Cavill.
Industries of Titan review | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Home > Departments > Plants, Soils, and Climate > PSC_FACPUB > 795
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Identification of extreme precipitation threat across midlatitude regions based on short-wave circulations
Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Utah State UniversityFollow
Robert E. Davies, Utah State UniversityFollow
Robert R. Gillies, Utah State UniversityFollow
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
The most severe thunderstorms, producing extreme precipitation, occur over subtropical and midlatitude regions. Atmospheric conditions conducive to organized, intense thunderstorms commonly involve the coupling of a low-level jet (LLJ) with a synoptic short wave. The midlatitude synoptic activity is frequently modulated by the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT), in which meridional gradients of the jet stream act as a guide for short Rossby waves. Previous research has linked extreme precipitation events with either the CGT or the LLJ but has not linked the two circulation features together. In this study, a circulation-based index was developed by combining (a) the degree of the CGT and LLJ coupling, (b) the extent to which this CGT-LLJ coupling connects to regional precipitation and (c) the spatial correspondence with the CGT (short wave) trending pattern over the recent 32 years (1979–2010). Four modern-era global reanalyses, in conjunction with four gridded precipitation data sets, were utilized to minimize spurious trends. The results are suggestive of a link between the CGT/LLJ trends and several recent extreme precipitation events, including those leading to the 2008 Midwest flood in U.S., the 2011 tornado outbreaks in southeastern U.S., the 2010 Queensland flood in northeastern Australia, and to the opposite side the 2012 central U.S. drought. Moreover, an analysis of three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models from the historical experiments points to the role of greenhouse gases in forming the CGT trends during the warm season.
Wang, S.-Y., R. E. Davies, and R. R. Gillies, 2013: Identification of extreme precipitation threat across midlatitude regions based on short-wave circulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118, 11059-11074
Climate Commons
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50841
Kelly Kopp
Larry Rupp
Teryl Roper | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
A new theme park is built on the original site of Jurassic Park. Everything is going well until the park's newest attraction--a genetically modified giant stealth killing machine--escapes containment and goes on a killing spree.
Back in 1993, Jurassic Park became a major sensation and spawned two sequels: 1997's Lost World and 2001's Jurassic Park III. Both of those films did well at the box office, but they showed obvious signs of diminishing financial returns.
After the first movie made $357 million in the US, Lost World settled for $229 million, and Park III ended up with $181 million. That meant both sequels did fine, but their receipts didn't inspire tons of confidence from the studio, especially given the massive budgets involved. Actually, by today's standards, the first three movies didn't cost exorbitant amounts, but they weren't exactly cheap, either.
Because of this, it took 14 years for another entry in the franchise to hit screens. When it did, 2015's Jurassic World reminded folks how potent the series could be – and its $651 million in the US ensured fans wouldn't need to wait very long for another dino adventure.
Since Park III, corporate CEO Simon Masrani (Irrfan Khan) brought to life John Hammond's dream: a theme park based around genetically engineered dinosaurs. Located near Costa Rica, "Jurassic World" becomes a global tourist magnet.
In the never-ending quest for visitors and money, park administrators feel the need to develop bigger, badder creatures, and as a result, the geneticists create an enormous beast called the "Indominus Rex". A smart dino, the Indominus manages to escape from her pen and she wreaks havoc on Jurassic World. Led by dino wrangler Owen Grady (Chris Pratt) and operations manager Claire Dearing (Bryce Dallas Howard), humans attempt to save the day.
Often when I see a movie theatrically, I'll write my review of it right away. Usually this works fine, but occasionally it backfires because I change my mind between big-screen and home theater viewings.
I didn't pen my thoughts about World when I first checked it out in May 2015, and I'm glad I didn't, because I did alter my opinion of it. While I didn't much care for it after that initial screening, subsequent revisiting allowed me to better see its positives.
Before I go into the reappraisal, I'll discuss my original thoughts. On first viewing, I considered World to be all sizzle, no steak, mostly because the characters were so forgettable and dull.
At least the first two sequels brought back participants from the original - characters we knew and found interesting. Lost World offered Jeff Goldblum and Park III involved Sam Neill, but the best World can do is BD Frickin' Wong!
I thought the kids were just updates on the first film's Lex and Tim, and I never cared about them. Granted, I'm not sure I cared a lot about Lex and Tim, either, but at least the original movie invested in them more than this one. Zach (Nick Robinson) and Gray (Ty Simpkins) were Generic Kids to Be In Danger and that was it.
If the adults became more compelling, maybe I wouldn't mind, but they were duds as well. I like Pratt and Howard but they got parts with no substance at all and felt like they existed as characters just because the movie needed some "good" adults involved. Vincent D'Onofrio also seemed like he was there as Token Bad Guy.
I can't explain what changed when I saw World again, but my opinion did alter, mainly in terms of basic enjoyment. Whereas I found myself somewhat bored with the movie initially, subsequent screenings allowed me to better appreciate the action.
I suspect some of my disenchantment in May 2015 came from the nature of the action scenes, perhaps because it takes a while for the flick to really kick into gear. I think the first half establishes circumstances and characters fairly well, but it dollops out the dino doings a little too slowly. The initial act still works, but it can be a bit slow.
Once the I-Rex escapes, though, the movie gets more interesting. Matters progress in a crazed way that ensures we get all the requisite mayhem we desire. The film boasts pretty solid production values and creates a believable, impressive sense of the dinosaurs and the park.
Despite my reappraisal, some parts of my original criticism remain intact. On second – and third and fourth – screenings, I still don't care much about the kids, and the other humans continue to seem fairly generic and forgettable.
And yeah, I'm still disappointed World didn't bring back any of the major actors from the original film. No offense to Wong, but he's not a substitute for the first flick's leads.
Nonetheless, World does offer an exciting, fun experience. Even with its problems, it renews the franchise in a mostly lively manner that becomes a satisfying experience in the end.
Jurassic World appears in an aspect ratio of approximately 2.00:1 on this Blu-ray Disc. Though usually very good, some inconsistencies impacted the presentation.
Actually, my only real complaint came from print flaws, as the movie showed occasional examples of small specks. While these remained infrequent and largely unobtrusive, a big-budget film from 2015 shouldn't show any defects of this sort.
Sharpness always looked good. From start to finish, the movie offered nice definition, with positive clarity and accuracy. I saw no shimmering or jaggies, and the image also lacked edge haloes.
Don't expect anything out of the ordinary from the film's palette, as it emphasized teal like so many other movies these days. Some amber also popped up, but the bluish tint dominated. That was uncreative but the hues seemed well-rendered, and the 4K UHD's HDR made the colors more dynamic.
Blacks also came across well. Dark tones appeared deep and rich, and low-light shots brought us smooth, clear imagery. The unnecessary print flaws knocked off some points, but overall, this remained an appealing presentation.
When you bought your fancy-pants home theater, you did so for material like the dynamic DTS-X soundtrack of Jurassic World. Downconverted to DTS-HD MA 7.1, the mix offered audio elements that appeared well-placed and balanced. Music showed good stereo presence, and quieter moments exhibited a fine sense of place and atmosphere.
Of course, you didn't buy World - or the aforementioned home theater – to listen to the film's "quieter moments", and the flick's many action sequences kicked into high gear. Dinosaurs stomped around the room to convincing effect, and fights/chases related to those critters cranked in fine fashion. The whole package combined to give us a vibrant, lively soundscape that used the various channels in an exciting manner.
Audio quality seemed top-notch. Effects became the most substantial element, and they appeared accurate and full, with vivid low-end response.
Music was peppy and rich, and speech came across as natural and accurate. The movie's soundtrack added a lot to the movie and totally satisfied.
How did the 4K UHD compare to the Blu-ray version? Audio showed a bit more breadth and oomph, as the DTS-X mix added some life.
Visuals became more of a mixed bag, though. On the positive side, the 4K UHD boasted bolder colors and improved definition.
On the negative side, it looked substantially grainier than the Blu-ray, and it also came with print flaws that didn't appear on the 2015 release. Ultimately the 4K UHD's visuals did work better, but the image's drawbacks made this a more tepid endorsement than I'd like – and I couldn't blame anyone who opted to stick with the Blu-ray.
No extras appear on the 4K UHD itself, but the included Blu-ray copy offered the same features from 2015, and seven Deleted Scenes fill a total of six minutes, eight seconds. Most of these offer short character moments, except for the one that provides a long character moment.
The latter comes from a goofy sequence in which Owen and Claire smear dino dung on themselves to cover their scene. Beyond its callback to the giant dino crap scene from the original movie, it's too silly to succeed. The other moments have some merit but don't add to the story.
A few featurettes follow. Chris and Colin Take on the World goes for eight minutes, 57 seconds and offers director Colin Trevorrow and actor Chris Pratt as they chat together about Pratt's casting, favorite Jurassic moments, Trevorrow's approach to the material, and other aspects of the shoot. Matters remain chummy, so don't expect much depth, but the conversation remains enjoyable and tosses out a couple of good tidbits.
During the 29-minute, 52-second Welcome to Jurassic World, we hear from Trevorrow, Pratt, executive producer Steven Spielberg, co-writer Derek Connolly, producers Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, production designer Edward Verreaux, stunt coordinator Chris O'Hara, puppeteer John Robert Rosengrant, costume designer Daniel Orlandi, and actors BD Wong, Jake Johnson, Bryce Dallas Howard, Ty Simpkins, Nick Robinson, Omar Sy, Irrfan Khan, Vincent D'Onofrio, and Lauren Lapkus.
We learn how Trevorrow came to the project, story/characters, cast and performances, sets and locations, stunts and action, and animatronics. "Welcome" can be a little more general than I'd like, but it touches on good topics and does so well enough to succeed.
Dinosaurs Roam Once Again lasts 16 minutes, 29 seconds and features Pratt, Trevorrow, Spielberg, Simpkins, Howard, D'Onofrio, Marshall, Crowley, ILM senior VFX supervisor Dennis Muren, ILM data wrangler Chris Moore, visual effects supervisor Tim Alexander, visual effects animation supervisor Glen McIntosh, director of photography John Schwartzman, dinosaur consultant Phil Tippett, digital creature model supervisor Geoff Campbell, and actor Katie McGrath.
Here we learn about the visual effects used in the movie as well as creature design. "Roam" offers a nice overview of those areas.
In Jurassic World: All Access Pass, we get a 10-minute, 11-second piece with Pratt and Trevorrow. They discuss characters/performances, the gyrosphere, the motorcycle and military scenes, and the movie's climax.
"Pass" feels like it was intended to be part of a picture-in-picture pop-up feature. It offers some fun info but it seems oddly disjointed and scattered.
Next comes Innovation Center Tour with Chris Pratt. It fills two minutes, one second with Trevorrow, Pratt and Verreaux, as we get a closer look at the movie's visitor center. It's quick but enjoyable.
Finally, we find Jurassic's Closest Shaves, a three-minute compilation of scenes from the various movies. It becomes a decent reel, even if it mostly exists as an ad for a shaving cream company.
The disc opens with ads for the Back to the Future trilogy, Minions, Ted 2, Tremors 5: Bloodlines, Self/Less, The Gift, Jarhead 3: The Siege, Lego Jurassic World, RL Stine's Monsterville and the Universal Studios Jurassic Park ride. No trailer for Jurassic World appears here.
14 years after the last film in the series, Jurassic World proves there's still life in those dinosaur bones. While not the best of the franchise, World overcomes some flaws and mostly brings us vibrant, lively action-adventure. The 4K UHD delivers excellent audio as well as a decent set of supplements but picture slightly disappoints. Jurassic World entertains but the 4K UHD doesn't look as good as it should.
Note that as of August 2018, this 4K UHD version of Jurassic World can only be purchased via a four-movie package. The "Jurassic Park 25th Anniversary Collection" also includes 4K UHD versions of Jurassic Park, The Lost World, and Jurassic Park III. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The New PWA Pozo Champion?
It seems like everyday a new clip drops that features someone who could stop Köster in his tracks at the first PWA wave event of the year. Pozo is going to be one hell of a show this year!
Check out this radical action from Ricardo Campello who seems to be highly tuned into his new gear.
extreme windsurfing pwa pozo radical windsurfing ricardo campello The New PWA Pozo Champion? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Updated & ready for move-in! Spacious two bedroom condo! Freshly painted interior & new carpeting! Balcony overlooks wooded privacy - Huge living room w/ vaulted ceiling, skylight, triple panel atrium door & wood burning fireplace - Master suite w/ walk-in closet, ceiling fan & private bath - Kitchen offers updated stainless steel appliances - Easy location next to PW Hospital..OPEN SUNDAY 9/17!
I am interested in 8819 Sugarwood Lane UNIT 97, Manassas, VA 20110. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Недьба — река в России, протекает в Верхнекамском районе Кировской области. Устье реки находится в 9,3 км по правому берегу реки Има. Длина реки составляет 13 км.
Исток реки в болотах в 15 км к юго-востоку от села Пушья. Река течёт на северо-запад, затем на запад, всё течение проходит по ненаселённому, заболоченному лесу. В нижнем течении преодолевает Котковское болото и впадает в прилегающее к нему озеро Има, через которое протекает одноимённая река.
Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Камскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Кама от истока до водомерного поста у села Бондюг, речной подбассейн реки — бассейны притоков Камы до впадения Белой. Речной бассейн реки — Кама.
По данным геоинформационной системы водохозяйственного районирования территории РФ, подготовленной Федеральным агентством водных ресурсов:
Код водного объекта в государственном водном реестре — 10010100112111100001082
Код по гидрологической изученности (ГИ) — 111100108
Код бассейна — 10.01.01.001
Номер тома по ГИ — 11
Выпуск по ГИ — 1
Примечания
Реки Верхнекамского района
Бассейн Камы | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
The floating in the air feeling of the arrows, the weightlessness and the combined materials, such as the acrylic rod and the ancient arrowheads with the red background are very contemporary and that creates a very strong impact.
to research about arrow heads and found very interesting sites. They are all very special, they are full of identity, they look as if they were very special jewels.
And again the same thing, I still find myself attracted to this image, the natural color of the arrow heads in contrast with the red background still very intense to me.
Also known as the Spear of Destiny, this pre-eminent Christian relic is believed by some to be the real spear used to confirm the death of Christ on the cross. Today, it resides in Vienna's Kunsthistoriches Museum, but the story of its journey to this final resting place is one of power and glory and greed, as history's most infamous leaders – including Napoleon and Hitler – sought to wield its alleged supernatural power in their bids to conquer the world. Whatever one believes about the Spear, there can be no doubt that the desire to possess this relic has helped to shape the destiny of mankind.
I have chosen for this project, an archaeological installation showing at the exhibition "Evolution" on National Museum Cardiff.
The piece gave me much inspiration for developing my ideas for the project. The most interesting aspects of the installation were the way it had being set up. As a result the piece gave a sensation that the arrows were floating in the air. Equally important it was the weightlessness and the use of different materials, such as the acrylic rod and the ancient arrowheads against the red background, that created a contemporary fusion with a very strong impact.
For the project the aim is to produce a work that encapsulates passion, loss of identity and culture. Therefore the viewer should identify with it. The intentions are to communicate visually with different aspects of identity, but reinforcing the characteristic of not knowing where to belong and what we stand for.
The source of medium for the project are ceramics, textiles, plastic, human hair and natural fibers. All the work is going to be done manually, and it will be given a special attention to the arrowheads as artifacts, therefore producing them individually, also giving it an identity.
With this in mind, I have being looking on my research at the artists such as: Cai Guo-Qiang, Damián Ortega, Gabriel Dawe, Brandon d'Leo, Emily Prince, Dawn NG and others and what fascinates me is the aerial installations that I want to apply to the work.
The outcome of this project will be an installation, and as a result I would be using a wall and the roof where the exhibition is going to take place. For example the arrows will be suspending across the corridors of the exhibition. Also those will be done in light material probably in parts as mobiles for easy fittings. The project is on an early stage and might have some changes during it is execution, but the emphasis is for the viewer to have a journey throughout identity matters, like the battles and struggles we all will be going through our existence.
What I am trying to do is to make a sample of the final installation. Consequently on this way I will know if I am successful on my intentions, and it will give me an idea about the problems I will meet during the process of the installation.
I want to add the red color on my work, but at this moment I am not sure if I will apply to all background or just in some details.
I have applied the background first in a flat color, but it did not work, so I made this effect to give a sensation of dry blood. It became more organic, it almost gave a cavern feel to it.
In front of the background I stretched a cotton material that represents the barriers and obstacles we come across throughout our lives.
The arrows will cross it floating way from throughout space.
This gave me an idea how I can change the identity of the arrows.
I went for a walking for my research about tree textures and forms and took few photos.
I have taken this photos because of the texture and the tones of the trees . Those in particular are not live trees. These are pieces that have being cut and kept in a dry place, but still have kept the colors.
This is an experiment using a trunk and adding polystyrene and cotton netting and adding color later, interesting but not what I want. I want to give a more real fell to the tree.
Those are my tests for the trunk . At the first I was thinking to cast a tree so I had practiced on a piece of trunk making a mould (1st pic), the result wasn't what I want, so I had this idea of taking the imprinting direct from a tree, and the negative printing was very much what I like.
It was like to seeing the tree from the inside out, and much more relevant to what I want to say. It was almost like given a soul to my work.
These are some of glazes tests. I was very happy with the results.
When I went for my residency at Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archeology in Oxford I saw this very old trees and this was an inspiration for my project.
This was the project end. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The IUCN World Conservation Congress, held last September in Hawaii, was truly a milestone for BJF. The BJF Team delivered two presentations: the BJF e-poster and a speech at the UNCCD event "Tackling land degradation on-the-ground".
During the congress, we held meetings with top conservation organizations such as the IUCN, Conservation International, World Resources Institute, the Rainforest Alliance and the Ministry of Environment of Brazil, a major supporter of ecological corridors. In total we met over 100 people in the world of conservation to initiate partnerships to help realize the Araguaia Biodiversity Corridor.
We even had the chance to meet the 'Green Princess of the Middle East' and invited her to become part of our team! Soon more updates! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
1999 Голяма награда на Италия е 50-о за Голямата награда на Италия и 13-и кръг от сезон 1999 във Формула 1, провежда се на 12 септември 1999 година на пистата Монца в Монца, Италия.
Класиране
Класиране след състезанието
Генерално класиране при пилотите
Генерално класиране при отборите
Източници
Голяма награда на Италия | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Home Entertainment Movie Reviews Born to Be Wild 3D – A Short Tale
Born to Be Wild 3D – A Short Tale
Miv Evans
Mon April 4, 2011
This is a mesmerizing documentary about orphan elephants and orangutans who are given sanctuary and nurtured until they are ready to be returned to their natural habitat in the wild. Each minute is as captivating as the next but, with a running time of 40 minutes, there are just not enough of them.
World-renowned primatologist, Dr Birute Mary Galdikas, runs a nursery for over 300 baby orangutans in the rainforests of Borneo. In an equally untamed region of the globe, celebrated wildlife expert Dr Dame Daphne M Sheldrick rescues baby elephants in the jungles of Kenya. Both these women have dedicated their lives to giving a safe haven to abandoned fledglings and without their help these infants would have perished.
Dr Galdikas introduces us to her ever-burgeoning nursery of primates, each one being wrapped in diapers and affection and given everything their mother no longer can. The orangutans respond with unbridled warmth and their intelligence and humanity keeps shining through. There is a wonderful scene when Dr Galdikas' son gives a particular favorite a ride home on his motorbike. The little fellow clings on for dear life, never taking his eyes off the road, clearly enthralled by every moment and smug in the knowledge that he is the one who was chosen for this special treat.
alt="b
Most of the baby elephants Dr Sheldrick rescues have been orphaned by poachers, and she has the additional problem of having to win the trust of these long-memoried mammals. One terrified little mite makes a crazed attack on his trainer, still traumatized by the sight of a hunter slaying his mother, and it's heartbreaking to watch. But all ends well and in the next scene this roaring mouse sucks hungrily on his supersized bottle of milk, fed to him by a human hand. Unfortunately, however, we never learn how this animal's faith was restored as everything keeps getting cut so incredibly short.
When the DVD is released, there will apparently be a lot of additional footage, all of which will undoubtedly be as enchanting as the film, whether viewed on a 3D Imax screen or at home on a 22″ TV, as it's the animals who charm us, not the special effects. So whether audiences will want to park and pay for a 40 minute cinematic experience (if they know it to be that short) or wait for the DVD, is yet to be seen but, in an era when audiences have been conditioned for overly-long films, it's quite likely to be the latter, and this thought was endorsed by the little boy who was sat next to me in the theatre. When the credits rolled, he turned to his mother and asked incredulously, "Is it finished?" What a pity no 8-year-olds were at the studio board meeting when this extremely short film got its stamp of approval.
Narrated by Morgan Freeman
USA, Canada and Hungary – 8th April, 2011
baby orangutans
born to be wild review
Daphne Sheldick
http://www.access2films.co.uk
Miv Evans is a British writer who relocated to Los Angeles in 2005. She has written 300+ film reviews and her debut novel was published in 2014.
Ariel's red hair caused a few problems for The Little Mermaid
Girls of the Sun
Is a TV Antenna Right for You? The Ultimate Guide
QUINCY – the Jones Kid
THE BLEEDING EDGE – Shocking Netflix Documentary
ANON – Withholding the Future
Leave No Trace – An All Around Wilderness
ABACUS: Small Enough To Jail (Documentary)
THE ESCAPE – With a Soft Landing
Latest Movies News from PR Newswire | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Don't have an account yet? Please register.
How to insert your Classifieds
Insert your Classified
A new password will be e-mailed to you.
Wanted in Europe
Blackbird Leys
Cumnor
Headington
Iffley
South Hinksey
Wolvercote, Cutteslowe
Where to live in Oxford
All What's on
What's on in Oxford
Cultural Academies
Drama and Dance
Events out of town
Fashion and retail
Festivals and Films
Oxford What's on
Japanese Ghosts and Demons: Ukiyo-e prints from the Ashmolean
Art 03 Oct, 2010
29 September - 27 February 2011. Designed to coincide with Hallowe'en, the Ashmolean presents an exhibition of 19th-century Japanese woodblock prints from its own collection, focusing on the work of r...
Festivals and Films 19 Sep, 2010
15 September - 5 December 2010. Within its four new temporary-exhibition galleries, the Ashmolean presents a comprehensive exhibition dedicated to the influence of Italy on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherh...
'My wit was always working': John Aubrey and the Development of Experimental Science
Until 31 October 2010. The Bodleian summer exhibition celebrates the intellectual legacy of that 17th-century man of science and culture, John Aubrey (1626-1697). Highly gifted, Aubrey was one of...
Sacred Faces: Icons in Oxford
Festivals and Films 17 Aug, 2010
25 August - 19 December 2010. Christ Church gallery hosts an exhibition of Greek and Russian icons from is own collection as well as from that of the Ashmolean museum, many of which have rarely been s...
3 July - 12 September 2010. The Oxfordshire Museum provides a light-hearted and entertaining exhibition for all the family, by revealing background information regarding superhero characters such as S...
The Firing Line: Depictions of Conflict in the Collection of General John Guise
Festivals and Films 23 Jul, 2010
25 May - 29 August 2010. General John Guise (1682 - 1765) was Christ Church Gallery's principal benefactor. He combined his distinguished military career with his passion for Old Master drawings, part...
Howard Hodgkin: Time and Place
23 June - 6 September 2010. Acclaimed British abstract artist Howard Hodgkin (b. 1932) has said that he paints 'representational pictures of emotional situations'. This major exhibition examines H...
The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley: 5000 - 3500 BC
20 May - 15 August 2010. 250 artefacts from 5000 - 3500 BC, including gold and metalwork from the settlements of furthest southeastern Europe, are currently on display in the Ashmolean Museum. Thi...
Wilfred Thesiger in Africa: A Centenary Exhibition
Festivals and Films 14 Jun, 2010
A Wonderland of Natural History
Festivals and Films 17 May, 2010
24 April - 31 December 2010. The Oxford University Museum of Natural History was built between 1855 and 1860, as a temple to science. Long before its construction however, there was first a campaign t...
Oxfordshire Visual Arts Festival: Artweeks
8 - 31 May 2010. Once a year, artists and craftspeople in Oxfordshire fling open their studio doors and allow the public to observe them at work. As the majority of artists tend to work in isolated en...
The Burial of Emperor Haile Selassie: Photographs by Peter Marlow
Festivals and Films 24 Apr, 2010
22 April - 21 November 2010. Haile Selassie (1892 - 1975) was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. Legend has it that his dynasty could be traced back to King...
C.S. Lewis Tour
Until 22 December 2010. Taking place throughout the year, this tour traces the life of C.S. Lewis, the novelist and academic most famous for 'The Chronicles of Narnia'. The tour is led by Ron Brind, a...
After Michelangelo
Festivals and Films 22 Mar, 2010
Until 16 May 2010. This exhibition, made up of 33 Old Master drawings bequeathed to Christ Church in 1765 by General John Guise, traces the profound influence that Michelangelo had on the artworld. Th...
Albania and the Balkan
Albania and the Balkans: Drawings and photographs from the Edith Durham Collection. 1 February
Coffee Concerts
Music 13 Feb, 2010
Until 31 December 2010. Established in 1986, The Oxford Coffee Concerts are now firmly etched into Oxford's cultural calendar, and produce some of Britain's most successful chamber music series. The c...
Taking Flight: A History of Pegasus Theatre
Festivals and Films 22 Jan, 2010
Until 3 April 2010. Researched and produced by the Oxford Youth Theatre company, this exhibition at the Museum of Oxford provides visitors with the chance to explore the city's rich history. The past...
Building the New Ashmolean: Drawings and Prints by Weimin He
4 November 2009 - 28 February 2010. Weimin He from China is the Ashmolean artist-in-residence. During the Ashmolean's transition period from the demolition of the old building in 2006 to the completio...
Miroslaw Balka: Topography & Pawel Althamer: Common Task
Festivals and Films 11 Dec, 2009
12 December 2009 - 7 March 2010. Two exhibitions take place concurrently in Modern Art Oxford. Considered one of the most innovative artists of his generation, Pawel Althamer merges traditional sculpt...
Crossing Borders: Hebrew Manuscripts as a Meeting-place of Cultures
8 December 2009 - 3 May 2010. The winter exhibition at the Bodleian draws on the library's extensive Hebrew archive which is one of the largest and most important collections of Hebrew manuscripts in...
First ... 4 5 6 7 8 ... Last Page 6 of 15
1033Fans Like
25Followers Follow
219Subscribers Subscribe
The Wanted Network
Wanted in Rome
Wanted in Milan
Wanted in Africa
Dublin celebrates Chester Beatty
Culture 12 Feb, 2018
Major expansion for Rome's Campus Bio-Medico University
Health 01 Feb, 2018
Madrid goes green
Environment 29 Jan, 2018
Centre Pompidou to open in Brussels
Culture 15 Jan, 2018
Music 04 Jun, 2018
Santa Cecilia chamber orchestra plays Mozart
Music 27 Mar, 2018
Rossini's Sabat Mater at Santa Cecilia
Jazz and its instruments
Berlin Classifieds
German Linguistic Annotation
Jobs vacant
Appen is seeking resumes of German native speakers with strong background in Linguistics. Task Description: In this task, the linguist will compare 2 browse node titles based on...
Rome Classifieds
Moving sale
Household sales
Istanbul Classifieds
Rome - elegant furnished offices for rent in the centre
Office to rent
member of the Wanted World Wide Ltd network
Channels & Business - WIE
© Copyright 2020 / 2021 - Wanted in Europe | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Is Your Country Ready for Change?
Are you better off than you were four years ago?
Ronald Reagan famously asked Americans this question during the 1980 presidential election campaign. Americans answered with a resounding "no" when they elected him president.
Were people voting based on how they felt about their own lives? If so, how would people in every single country in the world answer this question?
Gallup's new report, What Happiness Today Tells Us About the World Tomorrow, offers leaders some answers and shows them why they need to be listening: Life is getting worse in places such as Russia, India, Colombia and Egypt. People in each of these countries, on average, have been rating their lives worse every year since 2014.
Leaders in each of these countries -- as well as others around the world -- should be concerned. When people see their lives headed in the wrong direction, they want change. Recent research by London School of Economics academic George Ward shows that how people feel about their lives does influence how they vote in elections. In fact, he believes that subjective measures of well-being are better predictors of elections than questions about how people feel about the economy.
Ward's research focused on European democracies, but how people feel about their lives should matter to leaders of all countries. People's ratings of their lives trended downward ahead of unrest in the Arab Uprising countries. The same was true with Ukraine in the two years leading up to the Euromaidan Revolution.
Life ratings were down in the U.K. before Brexit and in the U.S. two years before the 2016 election.
These data and trends are part of a discipline known as behavioral economics. The field's underlying theory is that about 30% of what people do is rational; the other 70% is emotional. This new discipline has led to Nobel Prizes, bestselling books, new agencies within governments and even new majors at universities. What it hasn't led to is new national statistics.
The most famous national statistics -- GDP, household income and unemployment -- focus on the rational side of what people do: what they spend, how much they make and whether they have a job. This report quantifies the other 70% of what makes a great life -- the emotional side. For leaders who are wondering if people in their countries "are better off than they were four years ago," this report has that answer.
Access Global Survey Data
Shape your research on global issues with access to opinions from every corner of the Earth.
Jon Clifton is Global Managing Partner, Gallup.
All Gallup Headlines Blog Business Economy Gallup Blog Wellbeing Americas Asia Pacific Europe Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa World
What Happiness Today Tells Us About the World Tomorrow
Which countries are ready for change?
Venezuelans' Life Ratings Crumble With Their Country
Venezuelans' life ratings were already at their worst level in a decade before the recent unrest in the country. Venezuelans in 2016 were twice as likely to be "suffering" as to be "thriving."
South Sudan, Haiti and Ukraine Lead World in Suffering
Gallup findings reveal the three countries with the highest "suffering" rates span three continents: South Sudan (47%), Haiti (43%) and Ukraine (41%).
Nearly 2 Billion Women Worldwide Are Struggling, Suffering
This International Women's Day, 26% of women -- or about 620 million -- rate their lives positively enough to be considered "thriving." The life ratings of the rest -- about 2 billion -- place them in the "struggling" or "suffering" categories.
Wellbeing Inequality May Tell Us More About Life Than Income
by Stafford Nichols and RJ Reinhart
A new Gallup analysis suggests that it might be better for development conversations to focus on wellbeing inequality rather than on income inequality.
Gallup https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/220712/country-ready-change.aspx | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Little Devil-May-Care (or The Devil in the Heart) (French: Le Diable au cœur) is a 1928 French-British silent drama film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Betty Balfour, Jaque Catelain and Roger Karl.
Plot
In a small coastal town Ludivine, a fisherman's daughter, falls in love with Delphin, an orphaned boy who comes to live with them. But her father wants her to marry Lauderin, the lecherous manager of a local cabaret-bar.
Cast
Betty Balfour as Ludivine Bucaille
Jaque Catelain as Delphin Leherg
Roger Karl as Bucaille, Ludivine's father
André Nox as Pierre Lauderin
Kissa Kouprine as Thania
Catherine Fonteney as Madame Bucaille, Ludivine's mother
Magda Aranyi as Lauderin's stepmother
Leo Da Costa as Gaston Lauderin
André Heuzé as André Bucaille
Auguste Picaude as Maurice Bucaille
Falcau as Lauderin's brother
Jane Pierson as a woman
Marie Glory as a young thief
Production
L'Herbier had originally made an agreement with the Gaumont-British company to film Labiche's stage farce Un chapeau de paille d'Italie with the popular English actress Betty Balfour. When that project was delayed, the filming rights were ceded to René Clair who was also eager to adapt the work, and L'Herbier proceeded with an alternative adaptation of a novel by Lucie Delarue-Mardrus set in a Breton fishing community.
Filming began, in November 1926, on location at Honfleur, and then at the Studios de la Villette in Paris and the Victorine Studios in Nice, but the production was beset with problems. Soon after filming began several leading members of the cast became ill, including Balfour, and the production had to be halted for a time, incurring greater costs. When they had resumed, the actor Auguste Mévisto, playing Ludivine's father, suddenly died, and several scenes had to be refilmed with his replacement Roger Karl. Further difficulties were caused by the panchromatic film which was being used for the first time in a French production, and technical inexperience with this filmstock produced a number of unforeseen problems. L'Herbier subsequently felt that, despite the film's appealing elements and the vivacious humour of Betty Balfour, the finished product lacked rigorous consistency.
The film's sets were designed by Claude Autant-Lara, Lucien Aguettand, and Robert-Jules Garnier.
Preservation
The film has been restored by the CNC Archives françaises du film, and a DVD was released with the book Marcel L'Herbier: l'art du cinéma in 2007.
References
External links
1928 drama films
French drama films
1928 films
Films directed by Marcel L'Herbier
French silent feature films
Films based on French novels
Seafaring films
Pathé films
French black-and-white films
Silent drama films
Silent adventure films
1920s French films | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Kampo Formulas Alleviate Aging-related ...
Kampo formulas alleviate aging-related emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice
Naoki Ito1, *, , Akiko Maruko2, *, , Kenshiro Oshima2, , Masaaki Yoshida3, , Kengo Honma4, , Chika Sugiyama5, , Takayuki Nagai1,4,6, , Yoshinori Kobayashi1,5, , Hiroshi Odaguchi1,7, , Norihiro Okada2, ,
1 Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
2 Laboratory of Genomics for Health and Longevity, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
3 Research Laboratory, Kotaro Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hakusan, Ishikawa 920-0201, Japan
4 Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
5 Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
6 Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology for Phytomedicines, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
7 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
* Equal contribution
Received: October 13, 2021 Accepted: December 20, 2021 Published: January 3, 2022
Ito N, Maruko A, Oshima K, Yoshida M, Honma K, Sugiyama C, Nagai T, Kobayashi Y, Odaguchi H, Okada N, . Kampo formulas alleviate aging-related emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Aging (Albany NY). 2022; 14:109-142. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203811
Copyright: © 2022 Ito et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Aging-induced neuroinflammation, also known as neuroinflammaging, plays a pivotal role in emotional disturbances, including depression and anxiety, in older individuals, thereby leading to cognitive dysfunction. Although numerous studies have focused on therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairment in older individuals, little research has been performed on treating its preceding emotional disturbances. Here, we examined whether Kampo formulas (kososan [KS], nobiletin-rich kososan [NKS], and hachimijiogan [HJG]) can ameliorate aging-induced emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation in mice. The depression-like behaviors observed in SAMP8 mice, relative to normally aging SAMR1 mice, were significantly prevented by treatment with Kampo formulas for 13 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed that hippocampal neuroinflammation was significantly abrogated by Kampo formulas. KS and NKS also significantly attenuated the hippocampal neuroinflammatory priming induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.33 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge in SAMP8 mice. Hippocampal IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels were significantly decreased in NKS-treated SAMP8 mice. KS and NKS showed significantly reduced tau accumulation in the brains of SAMP8 mice. RNA-sequencing revealed that each Kampo formula led to unique dynamics of hippocampal gene expression and appeared to abrogate hippocampal inflammatory responses. HJG significantly blocked the LPS-induced increase in serum IL-6 and MCP-1. These results suggest that Kampo formulas would be useful for treating aging-induced depression, in part by regulating neuroinflammatory pathways. This finding may pave the way for the development of therapeutic strategies for aging-related emotional disturbances, which may contribute to the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in older individuals.
Aging is a risk factor for various diseases, including emotional disorders [1, 2], neurodegenerative diseases [3], anorexia [4], diabetes [5], cardiovascular diseases [6], osteoporosis [7], presbyopia [8], hypoacusis [9], and sarcopenia [10]. Most of these diseases are linked to chronic inflammation associated with aging [11]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that neurodegenerative diseases are strongly associated with neuroinflammation, which is aggravated by aging (termed neuroinflammaging [12]) [13–15].
Recent studies have also reported that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathology of emotional disorders, including depression [16–20]. This suggests a close link between neuroinflammaging and depression, as demonstrated by our recent finding that neuroinflammaging underlies emotional disturbances in a senescence-accelerated mouse model [21]. Several animal and human studies have reported that existing antidepressants attenuate neuroinflammation [22–25], but because antidepressants affect the metabolism of glucose [26], lipids [27], and other drugs [28–31] and may lead to exacerbation of diseases comorbid with depression, attention should be paid to long-term antidepressant treatment in older individuals with polypharmacy. Moreover, a recent finding that showed that depression causes cognitive dysfunction deterioration in older individuals with small vessel disease [32] suggests that the onset of cognitive impairment could be accelerated by depressive pathology [33]. These findings underscore the need for treating depression in older individuals. It is thus desirable to establish safer and more-effective therapeutic strategies and develop alternative therapies for late-life depression.
Although antidepressants are available as general medication for depression, some Kampo formulas, which are traditional Japanese herbal medicines, have clinically beneficial effects on emotional disorders, including depressive mood and anxiety, in patients with widely varying age ranges. Among these, kososan (KS), which consists of five herbs (Cyperus rhizome, Perilla herb, Citrus unshiu peel, Glycyrrhiza, and Ginger), is currently used to treat depressive states as well as the common cold, allergic urticaria caused by ingested food, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, insomnia, and autonomic imbalance. Our previous animal studies using experimental stress models have demonstrated that KS exerts antidepressant-like effects by normalizing the dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis [34, 35], regulating the orexin A/neuropeptide Y signaling system [36, 37], and modulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase 1 in the hypothalamus, according to a proteomic analysis [38]. Our recent study also found that KS prevented social avoidant behavior, a depressive-like behavior, presumably by attenuating hippocampal neuroinflammation in a social-defeat mouse model of depression [39]. Accumulating evidence has revealed that nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone present in Citrus unshiu peel, has anti-inflammatory [40, 41], neuroprotective [42], and antidepressant-like activities [40, 43–45] and improves cognitive impairment [41, 46, 47] in rodent studies. In addition, Citrus reticulata peel, which has a nobiletin content that is ~16-fold higher than that of Citrus unshiu peel, facilitates cAMP/PKA/ERK/CREB signaling in cultured hippocampal neurons [48] and may prevent the progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease [49]. Although no evidence has been reported on the effects of Citrus reticulata peel on emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation, it would be predicted that KS containing Citrus reticulata peel (nobiletin-rich KS [NKS]) is more effective for treating aging-induced emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation. Given these findings and assumptions, we hypothesized that KS would ameliorate depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation associated with aging and that the effects of NKS would be superior to those of KS.
To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined whether KS and NKS exerted antidepressant-like effects and neuroinflammation-suppressive effects in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, which show depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, circadian rhythm disruption, and neuroinflammation associated with aging [21]. Furthermore, we compared the effects of KS and NKS with those of another Kampo formula, hachimijiogan (HJG), which has traditionally been used to treat several aging-related disorders, including cognitive impairments [50, 51] and irritable bladder [52].
Kampo formulas ameliorate aging-induced depression-like behaviors in SAMP8 mice
In the TST, the immobility time of SAMP8 mice was significantly increased relative to that of senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice, as normal aging controls (Figure 1A; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.0001). This effect was significantly prevented by treatment with Kampo formulas (Bonferroni's post-hoc test; KS, P < 0.0001; NKS, P < 0.0001; HJG, P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference in immobility was found between NKS and HJG treatment (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.001), suggesting that the preventive effect of NKS was superior to that of HJG.
Figure 1. Oral administration of Kampo formulas ameliorates depression-like behaviors but not anxiety-like behaviors in SAMP8 mice. The tail suspension test (TST, A), sucrose preference test (SPT, B), and open field test (OFT, C) were performed following treatment with the indicated Kampo formulas or with water for 13 weeks. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 10−12). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 using Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan.
In the SPT, the sucrose preference was significantly lower in SAMP8 mice than in SAMR1 mice (Figure 1B; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). This decrease in sucrose preference was not affected by treatment with Kampo formulas. However, a significant negative correlation was also found between the immobility time in the TST and the sucrose preference in the SPT (Supplementary Figure 1; Pearson's correlation coefficient test, r = −0.3048, P < 0.05), suggesting that Kampo formulas ameliorate aging-induced apathy-like behavior, along with anhedonia-like behavior, in SAMP8 mice. This behavioral recovery indicates the antidepressant-like effect of the Kampo formulas.
In the OFT, the time spent in the center and intermediate zones was significantly decreased and the time spent in the peripheral zone was significantly increased in SAMP8 mice relative to SAMR1 mice (Figure 1C; Bonferroni's post-hoc test; center zone, P < 0.001; intermediate zone, P < 0.01; peripheral zone, P < 0.0001). These changes were retained after treatment with Kampo formulas. There was also no difference among the groups in the distance traveled during the OFT. Thus the Kampo formulas do not prevent aging-induced anxiety-like behaviors in SAMP8 mice.
At the beginning of the Kampo treatment period (7 weeks of age), mice in all groups had increased locomotor activity during the nocturnal phase relative to the diurnal phase (Figure 2A). Similarly, cumulative activity during the nocturnal phase was significantly higher than that during the diurnal phase for all groups (Figure 2C; paired t-test; SAMR1/water, P < 0.0001; SAMP8/water, P < 0.05; SAMP8/KS, P < 0.0001; SAMP8/NKS, P < 0.001; SAMP8/HJG, P < 0.001), indicating that both SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice showed normal circadian rhythms at 7 weeks of age. At 19 weeks of age, however, there was no difference in cumulative activity between diurnal and nocturnal phases in the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Figure 2B, 2D). There was still a significant difference between these phases in the water-administered SAMR1 mice (paired t-test, P < 0.05), although a nanotag datum of a water-administered SAMR1 mouse was not extracted because of the built-in battery exhaustion of nanotag. These results suggest that SAMP8 mice aged 19 weeks exhibit circadian rhythm disruption. This disruption was not alleviated by treatment with Kampo formulas, even when the SAMP8 mice were assessed at earlier ages (Supplementary Figure 2), implying that Kampo formulas are ineffective for treating circadian rhythm disruption in SAMP8 mice.
Figure 2. Oral administration of Kampo formulas does not improve circadian rhythm disruption in SAMP8 mice. Time course of locomotor activity of mice aged 7 weeks (A) and 19 weeks (B) in their home cages. The time between 8:00 and 20:00 and between 20:00 and 8:00 represents the diurnal and nocturnal phases, respectively. The cumulative activity during the diurnal and nocturnal phases of mice aged 7 weeks (C) and 19 weeks (D) is shown. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 4−6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 using paired t-test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan; W: weeks of age.
With regard to body weight changes, the water-administered SAMP8 mice had significantly greater body weight gain from 7 to 19 weeks of age as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). No differences in body weight were found between water-administered and Kampo formulas–administered SAMP8 mice (Supplementary Figure 3).
Hippocampal neuroinflammatory priming is attenuated in different ways by Kampo formulas in SAMP8 mice
To unravel the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effect of Kampo formulas, we examined whether Kampo formulas regulate neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, which is involved in the depressive phenotype [53–55]. We used expression of NLRP3 and Arg1 as markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, respectively. Under physiological conditions, there was no difference in NLRP3 expression among the groups (Figure 3A and 3B, left), whereas Arg1 expression tended to decrease in the water-administered SAMP8 mice relative to the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 3A and 3C, left; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.1). The decrease in Arg1 expression was significantly increased by treatment with Kampo formulas (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.01). The ratio of NLRP3 to Arg1, which represents the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes [21], was significantly increased in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 3D, left; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). This increase was significantly reduced in SAMP8 mice treated with Kampo formulas (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.01), suggesting that Kampo formulas abrogate hippocampal neuroinflammation in SAMP8 mice aged 19 weeks.
Figure 3. Distinct efficacy of different Kampo formulas for blocking neuroinflammatory priming in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice at 19 weeks of age. (A) Representative western blotting images of NLRP3, Arg1, and GAPDH expression. Expression of NLRP3 (B) and Arg1 (C) were normalized based on GAPDH expression. (D) Pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 or 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 using Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.
Next, we examined whether Kampo formulas prevented the neuroinflammatory response to LPS injection, to assess the influence of neuroinflammatory priming on the hippocampus. NLRP3 expression was significantly increased in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 3A and 3B, right; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.01), but this increase was not decreased by treatment with Kampo formulas. In contrast, Arg1 expression was significantly reduced in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 3A and 3C, right; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.0001), and the Arg1 expression was significantly increased in the NKS-administered SAMP8 mice relative to the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). The ratio of NLRP3 to Arg1 was significantly increased in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 3D, right; Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.0001). This increase in the NLRP3/Arg1 ratio was significantly decreased in KS- and NKS-administered SAMP8 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test; KS, P < 0.05; NKS, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that hippocampal neuroinflammatory priming by LPS is buffered by treatment with KS and NKS.
The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an endogenous receptor for LPS, was also unaltered in all groups, irrespective of whether LPS had been administered (Supplementary Figure 4). This suggests that the inhibitory effects of KS and NKS on hippocampal neuroinflammatory priming do not result from the downregulation of TLR4 protein.
Kampo formulas result in characteristic gene expression patterns in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice
To investigate whether Kampo formulas have characteristic effects on hippocampal gene expression dynamics, a genome-wide RNA-seq analysis was conducted on hippocampal tissue from the treated mice. Genes that were significantly downregulated in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice and that were significantly upregulated by treatment with Kampo formulas were regarded as "V-shaped recovered genes." Genes that were significantly upregulated in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water- administered SAMR1 mice and that were significantly downregulated by treatment with Kampo formulas were regarded as "reverse V-shaped recovered genes." On the basis of these criteria (Figure 4A), the V-shaped and reverse V-shaped recovered genes under physiological and LPS-stimulated conditions are summarized (Figure 4B), and a full list of significantly regulated genes is shown in Supplementary Table 1. The Venn diagrams show that there were many genes that were significantly recovered by each Kampo formula. Among the Kampo formulas, the greatest number of genes, with or without annotation, was altered by HJG treatment (Supplementary Figure 5).
Figure 4. Oral administration of Kampo formulas results in characteristic gene expression patterns in the hippocampus of 19-week-old SAMP8 mice. (A) Genes that were significantly down-regulated in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with water-administered SAMR1 mice and that were significantly up-regulated by treatment with Kampo formulas, i.e., the green line, are referred to as V-shaped recovered genes. Genes that were significantly up-regulated in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with water-administered SAMR1 mice and that were significantly down-regulated by treatment with Kampo formulas, i.e., the orange line, are referred to as reverse V-shaped recovered genes. (B) Venn diagrams showing differences and similarities in gene expression among Kampo formula–treated groups. Numbers in circles indicate the number of genes with statistically significant changes in expression (P < 0.05). The full list of genes depicted using lower-case letters is shown in Supplementary Table 1. (C) Heatmap of differential gene expression related to the inflammatory response in the hippocampus of SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (n = 5) vs. water-administered SAMP8 mice, using the likelihood ratio test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.
To explore the biological significance of these recovered DEGs, we used the DAVID functional annotation tool. GO analysis of the genes recovered by each Kampo formula was performed, and the top 25 statistically significant (likelihood ratio test, P < 0.05) terms are shown in Supplementary Figure 6. The group of genes that were recovered by KS treatment showed almost no significantly enriched GO and KEGG terms. In contrast, the group of genes that were recovered after treatment with HJG had the most enriched GO and KEGG terms. Among the V-shaped recovered genes, under physiological conditions, the most enriched GO term was chemotaxis, for both NKS and HJG treatment (Supplementary Figure 6A). In terms of the reverse V-shaped recovered genes, the most-enriched GO terms were related to the regulation of transcription (Supplementary Figure 6B). In contrast, under LPS-stimulated conditions, the V-shaped recovered genes showed that the most enriched GO term was bone mineralization in KS treatment and cell cycle in HJG treatment, while few enriched GO terms were shown in NKS treatment (Supplementary Figure 6C). In terms of the reverse V-shaped recovered genes, the most-enriched GO terms for all KS, NKS and HJG treatment were related to the immune system (Supplementary Figure 6D). Several terms related to response to virus and interferon response, as well as other immune-related terms, were significantly enriched by HJG treatment.
A KEGG pathway analysis revealed that signaling pathways related to various cellular functions (e.g., cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cancer) were more enriched in both V-shaped (Supplementary Figure 6E and 6G) and reverse V-shaped recovered genes (Supplementary Figure 6F and 6H) associated with HJG treatment. Additionally, in the reverse V-shaped recovered genes, virus-related terms were also observed under LPS stimulation in the groups that received KS or HJG treatment (Supplementary Figure 6H). These results indicate that LPS-induced immune, inflammatory, and viral responses in the hippocampus were downregulated by treatment with Kampo formulas, and with HJG in particular.
Next, we focused on the recovered transcripts classified into the GO category "positive and negative regulation of inflammatory response" and "positive regulation of leukocyte activation." Under physiological conditions, significant differences in numerous genes related to the inflammatory response were found between water-administered SAMR1 and water-administered SAMP8 mice, and these were significantly regulated by treatment with Kampo formulas, particularly HJG (Figure 4C, left). Similarly, under LPS-stimulated conditions, significant differences in numerous genes related to the inflammatory response were found between water-administered SAMR1 and water-administered SAMP8 mice, but there were a number of genes that were significantly recovered by treatment with KS, NKS, and HJG (Figure 4C, right). These results imply that each Kampo formula induces a characteristic gene expression pattern in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice.
Hippocampal tau levels are suppressed by KS and NKS treatment in SAMP8 mice
Depression with mild cognitive impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease [56]. Consequently, we examined the influence of Kampo formulas on tau levels in the hippocampus of 19-week-old SAMP8 mice. Hippocampal tau levels were significantly higher in the water-administered SAMP8 mice than in the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 5A and 5B, Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.01). These levels were significantly reduced by treatment with KS and NKS (Bonferroni's post-hoc test; KS, P < 0.05; NKS, P < 0.01). However, no change was found between groups in terms of tau synthesis per se, as indicated by the gene expression levels of Mapt, the gene encoding tau (Figure 5C). These results suggest that tau accumulation, but not its synthesis, is hindered by treatment with KS and NKS. This finding is consistent with observations made in coronal brain sections (Supplementary Figure 7), suggesting that KS and NKS exert a suppressive effect on tau accumulation in the brain.
Figure 5. Oral administration of KS and NKS blocks the increase in the level of tau observed in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. (A) Representative western blot images of tau and GAPDH expression. (B) Expression of tau was normalized based on GAPDH expression. (C) Expression of Mapt was normalized based on Gapdh expression. Heatmap of differential gene expression related to phosphorylation and splicing of tau (D) and autophagy (E) in the hippocampus of mice. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 or 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 using Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan.
Next, to identify the potential sites of action of Kampo formulas for abrogating tau accumulation, we assessed the expression of genes involved in tau phosphorylation (Figure 5D). Cdkrap1, a gene encoding an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) [57] that phosphorylates tau, showed V-shaped recovered expression with KS treatment. The gene encoding dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinase 2 (Dyrk2) [58] showed reverse V-shaped recovered expression with HJG treatment. NKS and HJG treatment both caused reverse V-shaped recovered of the genes encoding Krüppel-like factor-10 (Klf10) and Ngfi-A-binding protein-2 (Nab2), which mediate neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation, respectively [59]. Furthermore, expression of the gene encoding TRA2B (Tra2b), a splicing factor that contributes to alternative splicing of tau exon 10 in the central nervous system, was also reversed with NKS and HJG treatment. The alternative usage of exon 10 results in tau isoforms containing either three or four microtubule-binding repeats (3R-tau and 4R-tau, respectively) [60]. Thus, changes in Tra2b expression in SAMP8 mice may affect the 3R-tau/4R-tau expression ratio.
Autophagy is a degradation pathway involved in the clearance of various toxic aggregated proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as tau in tauopathies [61]. Therefore, we searched for genes related to autophagy regulation among the recovered genes. As shown in Figure 5E, several autophagy-related genes were detected among both V-shaped and reverse V-shaped recovered genes associated with NKS and HJG treatment. These results suggest that reduction of tau protein caused by KS and NKS treatment is more likely due to inhibition of tau phosphorylation than to tau degradation by autophagy. However, it remains uncertain why HJG failed to reduce tau levels, regardless of marked changes in genes related to tau dynamics.
Hippocampal levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are modulated by NKS treatment
To verify the effects of Kampo formulas on hippocampal neuroinflammation in western blotting analysis, we measured hippocampal protein levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by ELISA. Under physiological conditions, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the NKS-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Figure 6; Bonferroni's post-hoc test; IL-1β, P < 0.01; IL-6, P < 0.05). The NKS-administered SAMP8 mice also showed a tendency for reduced MCP-1 levels as compared with the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.1). Under LPS-stimulated conditions, IL-1β and MCP-1 levels were significantly reduced in the NKS-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, IL-1β, P < 0.05; MCP-1, P < 0.05). The NKS-administered SAMP8 mice also showed a trend toward elevated IL-4 levels as compared with the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Bonferroni's post-hoc test, P < 0.1). These results partially reflected data obtained from western blotting analysis, particularly in the NKS-treated group, which suggested that NKS plays a role in preventing hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory priming, thereby leading to antidepressant-like effects.
Figure 6. Oral administration of NKS modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in the hippocampus of mice after saline or LPS injection. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 or 6). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 using Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.
Oral administration of HJG suppresses systemic inflammation in SAMP8 mice
To examine whether Kampo formulas affect systemic inflammation, serum levels of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA. Under LPS-stimulated conditions, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the water-administered SAMP8 mice as compared with the water-administered SAMR1 mice (Figure 7; Dunnett's post-hoc test, P < 0.05), and this increase was significantly blocked by HJG treatment (Dunnett's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). Likewise, the HJG-administered SAMP8 mice showed a significant decrease in serum MCP-1 levels as compared with the water-administered SAMP8 mice (Dunnett's post-hoc test, P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in either IL-6 or MCP-1 levels was found between these groups under saline-injected conditions. These results suggest that HJG suppresses systemic inflammation stimulated by LPS.
Figure 7. Serum levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1) are suppressed by oral administration of HJG after LPS injection. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 or 6). *P < 0.05 using Dunnett's post-hoc test. Abbreviations: KS: kososan; NKS: nobiletin-rich kososan; HJG: hachimijiogan; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.
In the present study, we demonstrated that aging-induced depressive-like behaviors in SAMP8 mice were significantly prevented by treatment with KS, NKS, and HJG. We also found that KS and NKS exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects and that HJG exerted systemic anti-inflammatory effects, either of which could result in the behavioral recovery of depression. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of NKS on neuroinflammation is likely to be superior to that of KS, as indicated by hippocampal levels of cytokines and chemokines associated with each treatment. RNA-seq analysis revealed unique and characteristic gene expression patterns in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice treated with each Kampo formula. These findings highlight that Kampo formulas could be used as preventive therapy for depression induced by aging and could provide effective therapeutic strategies for aging -related emotional disturbances.
Our findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of KS in SAMP8 mice was due to mitigation of neuroinflammation that resulted from augmentation of the anti-inflammatory response without affecting the inflammatory response. This effect is consistent with our previous finding that the antidepressant-like effects of KS are associated with attenuation of neuroinflammation in socially defeated mice [39]. Thus, enhancement of anti-inflammatory responses by KS may be a mechanism underlying behavioral recovery. Although there was no difference in the antidepressant-like properties between KS and NKS, the inhibitory effects of NKS on neuroinflammation appeared to be superior to those of KS, particularly under LPS-stimulated conditions, as indicated by Western blotting analyses and by cytokine and chemokine levels in the hippocampus. In addition, local elevation of MCP-1, which is produced by microglia [62] and astrocytes [63] under inflammatory conditions in brain microenvironmental niches, is involved in trafficking and recruitment of peripheral monocytes into the brain and thus leads to exacerbation of neuroinflammation [64, 65]. Thus, it could be assumed that NKS exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects not only via direct actions against glial cells but also via indirect actions such as the reduced recruitment of peripheral immune cells, including monocytes. It is also presumed that these effects of NKS could be supported by the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of nobiletin [40, 41, 66].
In our study, a comparative analysis of the components of KS and NKS revealed that NKS contained substantially higher levels not only of nobiletin but also of sinensetin and tangeretin, which are also polymethoxyflavones, relative to KS (Supplementary Table 2). Nobiletin reduces MCP-1 (also known as chemokine ligand 2, CCL2) production under IL-1β–stimulated conditions in vitro [67]. Sinensetin and tangeretin also exert anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vitro [68–70]. These findings appear to corroborate the synergistic anti-neuroinflammatory effect of polymethoxyflavones in NKS, but confirmation of this mechanism requires further investigation.
Unlike KS and NKS, HJG protected against systemic inflammation, rather than neuroinflammation, in response to LPS. Blocking IL-6 signaling in the periphery, but not in the brain, exerts rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of depression [71]. In a clinical trial, subcutaneous injection of tocilizumab, an IL-6 antagonist, significantly decreased depression and anxiety levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [72]. Given these findings, our results suggest that systemic anti-inflammatory activity underlies the antidepressant-like effect of HJG.
We note that serum levels of CCL2/MCP-1 were reported to be lower in patients with major depressive disorder than in healthy controls [73]. This finding is seemingly inconsistent with our results, which showed that HJG prevented the LPS-induced increase in serum MCP-1 levels, although no difference was found between SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Although further studies are needed to verify the biological significance of a reduction in serum MCP-1 levels by treatment with HJG, our results suggest that HJG had a suppressive effect on whole-body inflammation under LPS-stimulated conditions, and it may partially underlie the antidepressant-like effect of HJG. Given that NKS was more effective than HJG in its antidepressant-like properties, the effects of inhibiting neuroinflammation may have a greater influence on preventing aging-induced depression than the effects of preventing systemic inflammation, although this requires further verification.
RNA-seq analysis revealed different patterns of gene expression in the hippocampus that were associated with the effects of administration of different Kampo formulas in SAMP8 mice. These gene expression profiles suggest that Kampo formulas possess distinct mechanisms that underlie their effects on behavioral recovery. We expected that functional analysis using GO and KEGG of the recovered genes (Supplementary Figure 6) would reveal specific functions for each Kampo formula; however, because of the small number of recovered genes associated with KS treatment, it was not possible to define clear differences in enriched terms among Kampo formulas. In contrast, HJG treatment resulted in the highest number of recovered genes and thus yielded the most enriched terms. However, different terms were obtained in the V-shaped and reverse V-shaped recovery, and in the physiological state and LPS-treated state, indicating the broad complexity of the influence of this Kampo formula. Under the LPS condition, genes that were recovered by these three Kampo formulas were significantly enriched in the following GO terms: "immune system process," "innate immune response," and "inflammatory response." The expression levels of these genes varied both positively and negatively in SAMP8 mice (Figure 4C). However, these fluctuations in SAMP8 mice were restored by Kampo formulas to approach those in SAMR1 mice, suggesting that Kampo formulas regulate the imbalance of the inflammation system that is associated with aging.
Interestingly, about one-third of the genes, particularly those with V-shaped recovery, were unannotated genes (Supplementary Figure 5). Some of the unannotated genes were significantly positively or negatively correlated with immobility in the TST (Supplementary Table 3). It is likely that among these unannotated genes are some with therapeutic potential associated with the pathogenesis of aging-associated depression, which highlights the need for further gene verification. In addition, significant alterations in epigenetic-related genes were found in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice relative to SAMR1 mice (Supplementary Figure 8). Moreover, the expression of some genes (Hdac1 and Dnmt3a) was recovered by HJG treatment, which may lead to greater dynamics of hippocampal genes related to the inflammatory responses in HJG-administered SAMP8 mice. It is possible that some unannotated genes underwent significant recovery in response to treatment with Kampo formulas may be involved in these observations. Further studies are required to verify this possibility.
More recently, it was demonstrated by positron emission tomography that accumulation of tau, rather than that of amyloid-β, in the brain may underlie the manifestation of major depressive disorder (MDD) in older patients [74]. Importantly, no cognitive impairment was found in patients with MDD with increased tau deposition. Given that depression is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including cognitive dysfunction and dementia [75, 76], it is plausible that depression with tau accumulation precedes the emergence of cognitive impairment. In our study, 19-week-old SAMP8 mice showed tau accumulation in the brain. This level was reduced, in conjunction with behavioral recovery, by KS and NKS treatment. Our findings suggest that reduction in tau accumulation by treatment with KS and NKS may be a possible mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like activities of these Kampo formulas.
In SAMP8 mice at more than 6 months old, nobiletin reduces the phosphorylation of tau, which protects against cognitive dysfunction [77]. This is consistent with our finding that NKS downregulates hippocampal genes involved in tau phosphorylation. However, it is presumed that the effect of nobiletin alone cannot explain the effects of KS and NKS on tau levels. Future studies are required to determine how KS and NKS decrease tau accumulation and how their effects contribute to the antidepressant-like properties.
We also found that some genes relevant to autophagy, phosphorylation, and splicing of tau in the hippocampus were altered by KS, NKS, and HJG treatment in our RNA-seq analysis. Further studies are necessary to clarify why the genes altered by HJG did not result in reduced tau accumulation.
In the present study, LPS injection was used to evaluate neuroinflammatory priming with aging [21, 78–80]. Several findings have been reported that expression of TLR4, which is a well-known innate immune receptor for LPS, is elevated with aging [81, 82]. Given that no differences between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice aged 19 weeks were observed in the TLR4 expression, it would be presumed that SAMP8 mice aged 19 weeks possess the neuroinflammatory priming rather than intense neuroinflammation along with upregulation of TLR4 expression. The LPS challenge also appears to mimic a state of stress exposure, as assumed by a notable finding showing that social stress induces neuroinflammation via binding of endogenous ligands to TLR4 [83]. Therefore, it is likely that alleviating effects of Kampo formulas on the neuroinflammatory priming in SAMP8 mice may lead to their antidepressant-like activities in the TST, which itself is a stressful behavioral test. Additionally, infections can increase the risk of developing mood disorders, including depression, in humans [84]. Given this finding, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Kampo formulas may lead to a decreased risk of post-infection depression. This possibility could be supported by further studies investigating whether Kampo formulas indeed result in behavioral recovery after LPS injection.
There are several limitations to this study. First, we focused on comparing the effects of the three Kampo formulas on aging-related emotional disturbances and neuroinflammation in SAMP8 mice and found that they exerted preventive effects against depression-like behaviors as well as neuroinflammation associated with aging. Some antidepressants have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation in vivo [24, 85] and in vitro [86–89], as well as in human studies [25]. Further studies comparing the effects of these Kampo formulas with those of existing antidepressants are necessary for proper evaluation of the efficacy of Kampo medication as a treatment for late-life depression. Second, we did not perform behavioral testing to assess cognitive impairment in 19-week-old SAMP8 mice, because we focused on the effects of Kampo formulas on emotional disturbances before the onset of cognitive dysfunction in these mice. In many cases, SAMP8 mice over 30 weeks of age have been used for evaluating cognitive dysfunction [90–94]. The preventive effects of KS and NKS on tau accumulation in our study may indicate prophylaxis for aging-related cognitive dysfunction, but this requires further verification in aged SAMP8 mice using cognitive tasks. Third, although nobiletin can act as a circadian amplitude enhancer [95, 96], NKS treatment failed to regulate circadian rhythm disruption in SAMP8 mice. A possible explanation for this is that the nobiletin content in NKS was insufficient to reverse circadian rhythm disruption. A second explanation may be that circadian rhythm disruption in SAMP8 mice is genetically and tightly regulated. Additional studies of the effect of NKS on circadian rhythm disruption induced by normal aging are needed to resolve this issue. Fourth, we focused on hippocampal dynamics related to neuroinflammation in this study, but increasing evidence has demonstrated that microglia have brain region–dependent diversity and region-specific sensitivities to aging [97–100]. Therefore, further comparative studies examining the microglial function specific to emotion-related brain regions (e.g., the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex) in SAMP8 mice could yield a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying aging-related emotional disturbances as well as the active sites of each Kampo formula. Fifth, considerable differences in the findings of western blotting and RNA-seq analyses were found in this study. Although this may be related to a temporal gap in the expression of proteins or genes, the effects of unannotated genes detected in this study cannot be disregarded. Another possibility is that there may be some differences in the period for emergence of behavioral recovery between Kampo formulas, which could involve a lag in the expression of genes and proteins. Further studies are required to investigate this possibility. Last, we used SAMP8 mice to examine the effects of Kampo formulas, because these mice show emotional disturbances at relatively young age [101]. However, future studies would be needed to verify the beneficial effects of Kampo formulas in the wild-type aged mice.
Aging predisposes individuals to neuroinflammation and emotional disorders, negatively impacting health and reducing the quality of life in older individuals. Given that depression serves as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in late life, preventive therapy would be a more effective strategy for prophylaxis of cognitive decline and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings implicate that each Kampo formula has a characteristic efficacy in terms of some different modes of action for neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation and may provide promising options for preventing late-life depression in humans by using Kampo medication. We anticipate further elucidation of the therapeutic role of these Kampo formulas for emotional disorders associated with aging. Since little has been also reported on the comparative study of some Kampo formulas regarding aging-related emotional disturbances, the unique effects of Kampo formulas would be scientifically and clinically informative for therapeutic strategies of aging-related emotional disorders. In addition, further evidence of NKS, which is not clinically used yet in Japan, would be helpful for NKS being available for aging-related depression in humans in the future.
Male SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice were obtained at 5 weeks of age from Japan SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan) and were allowed to acclimate for 1 week after arrival. Mice were individually housed for avoiding fights and their concomitant injuries at a constant temperature (23 ± 2°C) and humidity (55 ± 10%) and with a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 08:00) with access to food (LabDiet5058, Lab Supply, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and water ad libitum.
All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Kitasato University and were performed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Kitasato University and the National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals in Japan. Every effort was made to minimize the number of animals used and their suffering.
Preparation of Kampo extract
The component herbs of KS, NKS, and HJG are shown in Table 1. Each Kampo formula was decocted with 600 ml of distilled water until the volume was reduced by half. The water extract was immediately filtered with a commercial tea strainer and centrifuged at 1000 × g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was lyophilized. The total yield of KS, NKS, and HJG extracts was approximately 28%, 25%, and 19.6%, respectively, relative to the dry weight of the herbal mixture. The preparation of KS and NKS extracts and their component analysis were performed by Kotaro Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Osaka, Japan).
Table 1. Component herbs and daily quantities for kososan (KS), nobiletin-rich kososan (NKS), and hachimijiogan (HJG).
Herb KS NKS HJG
a. Cyperus rhizome 4 g 4 g
b. Perilla herb 2 g 2 g
c. Citrus unshiu peel 3 g
d. Citrus reticulata peel 3 g
e. Glycyrrhiza 2 g 2 g
f. Ginger 0.5 g 0.5 g
g. Rehmannia root 6 g
h. Alisma rhizome 3 g
i. Poria sclerotium 3 g
j. Dioscorea rhizome 3 g
k. Cornus fruit 3 g
l. Moutan bark 3 g
m. Cinnamon bark 1 g
n. Aconite root 1 g
Total herbal weight per day 11.5 g 11.5 g 23 g
Herbs (a–c, f) were purchased from Tsumura and Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Herb (d) was purchased from Kotaro Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Herbs (e, g, h, n) were purchased from Uchida Wakan-yaku Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Herbs (i, j, k, l, m) were purchased from Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
Drug treatment and measurement of body weight
Each extract of the Kampo formula was dissolved in distilled water. The extract (1.0 g/kg body weight) or distilled water was administered once daily by oral gavage to mice from 7 weeks of age for 13 weeks (Figure 8). The dose of KS extract in this study was selected based on our previous studies, which showed that KS extract has an antidepressant-like effect in mouse models of stress-induced depression [35–37, 39, 102]. Other Kampo extracts (NKS and HJG) were set to the same dose as KS for comparison. The dose of each Kampo formula used in mice was equivalent to approximately 15-fold of that in humans. Body weight was measured in mice once a week before the drug treatment.
Figure 8. Schematic representation of the experimental schedule. Abbreviations: OFT: open field test; SPT: sucrose preference test; TST: tail suspension test; Decap: decapitation; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.
Monitoring of locomotor activity
Locomotor activity of mice in their home cages was simultaneously recorded for 24 h using a Nanotag device (Kissei Comtec Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan), an implantable three-axis accelerometer (weight, 2.6 g). The nanotag was intraperitoneally implanted in half of mice per group aged 6 weeks under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane (Figure 8). After recovery for 1 week, the locomotor activity of mice at 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 19 weeks of age was recorded in 4-min bins over 24 h, and the data were analyzed using the Nanotag viewer program (Kissei Comtec Co., Ltd.).
Open field test
For the open field test (OFT), individual mice were introduced into an opaque gray open field box (40 × 40 × 40 cm) and were allowed to explore freely for 5 min under high light conditions (120–130 lux). Time spent in three zones (center, intermediate, and peripheral zones) and the total distance traveled were recorded using a video tracking system (EthoVision 3.0; Noldus, Wageningen, Netherlands). Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated based on the time spent in the three zones. The OFT was performed between 12:00 and 17:00 after acclimation to a habituation room for 1 h.
Sucrose preference test
The sucrose preference test (SPT) was performed to evaluate anhedonia, a depression-like behavior, as described [21, 103] with some modifications. Briefly, mice were trained to adapt to the presentation of two bottles of water in their home cages for 2 days. After adaptation, each mouse had free access to two bottles, one containing a 2% sucrose solution and the other containing water, with a counterbalance in its home cage from 17:00 to 9:00 over 2 days. The sucrose preference ratio was calculated as follows: (2% sucrose solution intake [ml]/total fluid intake [ml]) × 100, and the average of the ratio per mouse over the 2 days of the experiment was used for analysis.
Tail suspension test
The tail suspension test (TST) was performed to evaluate apathy, which is a depression-like behavior, as described [21, 104] with some modifications. Briefly, for 6 min the mice were suspended by their tails 50 cm above the floor using experimental clips (Yamashitagiken, Tokushima, Japan) connected to a hook that was connected to a steel bar. A mouse was considered immobile only when it ceased struggling and hung motionless. All behaviors were videotaped, and the duration of immobility during the last 4 min of the TST was determined. The TST was conducted between 12:00 and 14:00 after acclimation to a habituation room for 1 h.
Lipopolysaccharide injection
After the TST, mice were injected i.p. with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, serotype O55:B5, 0.33 mg/kg body weight; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) or saline. Intraperitoneal LPS injection was performed at a volume of 10 ml/kg body weight.
Brain and serum collection
Twenty-four hours after LPS or saline injection, the mice were decapitated, and their brains and trunk blood samples were collected. The brains were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Two hours after blood sampling, trunk blood was centrifuged twice at 3,000 × g for 1 min at 4°C to collect serum. Brain and serum samples were stored at −80°C until further processing.
Frozen brains were sliced into ~1-mm-thick coronal sections (bregma −1.5 to −2.5 mm), and hippocampi were dissected on dry ice. Proteins were extracted from the hippocampi by sonication of the tissue samples in lysis buffer (CelLytic MT, Sigma) containing 1% (v/v) protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma) on ice, followed by centrifugation at 18,000 × g for 10 min at 4°C and collection of the resulting supernatants. Total protein content was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Proteins (10 μg) were separated on 4–15% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad, Tokyo, Japan) and were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Bio-Rad) using a Trans-Blot Turbo™ Transfer System (Bio-Rad). After being blocked with Blocking One solution (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) for 30 min at room temperature (RT), the membranes were incubated with the following primary antibodies at RT for 1 h or 4°C overnight, as indicated: rabbit anti-nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing (NLRP)3 (1:1000, overnight; Cell Signaling Technology, Tokyo, Japan), rabbit anti-arginase (Arg)1 (1:3000, overnight; GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), rat anti-tau (1:2000, overnight; Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated mouse anti-GAPDH (1:10000, 1 h; Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA). The membranes were then rinsed in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20 and were incubated with appropriate HRP-linked secondary antibodies (except in the case of anti-GAPDH) for 1 h at RT. The blots were visualized with Clarity Western ECL Substrate or Clarity Max Western ECL Substrate (Bio-Rad) using a ChemiDoc™ Imaging System (ChemiDoc Touch, Bio-Rad). Band intensities were analyzed using ImageLab software (Ver. 6.0, Bio-Rad).
RNA extraction and RNA-sequencing
For RNA extraction, frozen brains were sliced into ~1-mm-thick coronal sections (bregma −2.5 to −3.5 mm), and the hippocampi were dissected on dry ice. Samples were immersed in RNAlater solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and cut into small pieces (~30 mg each) using scissors. RNA extraction was performed using a Pure Link RNA Mini kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). To this end, 300 μL of lysis buffer and 450 μL of TRIzol-LS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added to the tissue. The tissue was then homogenized on ice using a BioMasher disposable homogenizer (Nippi, Tokyo, Japan). After the sample was incubated for 10 min at RT, it was centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 15 min. The supernatant was treated with DNase and the resultant RNA was purified using spin columns. The quality of the total RNA was assessed using a Qubit 4.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a 4200TapeStation system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Each fresh-frozen total RNA sample had a RNA Integrity Number (RIN) > 7, indicating that they were of sufficient quality to prepare sequencing libraries.
Total RNA was used for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Library preparation and Illumina HiSeq sequencing were conducted by GENEWIZ (South Plainfield, NJ, USA), which generated ~20 million (150-basepair, paired-end) reads per library.
Quality check and filtering of RNA-seq data and mapping analysis
For quality filtering of the RNA-seq data, cutadapt v.1.16 [105] was used to remove Illumina adapter sequences, followed by removal of the poly-A sequence using fastx_clipper software in the fastx toolkit software package v.0.0.14 (FASTX-Toolkit, http://hannonlab.cshl.edu/fastx_toolkit/index.html). To remove low-quality bases or sequences, we trimmed the sequences using fastq_quality_trimmer software (parameters: -t 20 -l 30 -Q 33) and fastq_quality_filter software (parameters: -q 20 -p 80 -Q 33), both of which were included in the fastx toolkit. During the above processing, any read in which one of the pairs was missing was removed using Trimmomatic v.0.38 [106]. Then, reads containing mouse rRNA, tRNA, or phiX sequences, which are the control sequences from Illumina, were removed using Bowtie 2 v. 2.3.4.1 [107]. We then performed a second round of removal of any unpaired reads using bam2fastq (https://gslweb.discoveryls.com/information/software/bam2fastq).
After completion of these filtering steps, 20 million reads of each of the forward and reverse sequences per sample were mapped to the mouse genome sequence to build GRCm38, using HISAT2 v2.1.0 [108]. The mouse genome sequence was downloaded from Illumina iGenomes (https://support.illumina.com/sequencing/sequencing_software/igenome.html). Multiple-mapped reads were removed using samtools (parameters: samtools view -q 4) [109]. Uniquely mapped reads were counted by gene annotation (Ensembl release 81) using featureCounts v.1.6.2 [110]. The counted values were normalized using the Trimmed mean of M values (TMM) method [111] using the edgeR library [112] in R v.3.5.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/3.5.0/) and were used for expression analysis. The resultant RNA-seq data were subjected to multidimensional scaling analysis. The original RNA-seq datasets were deposited in the DDBJ Sequence Read Archive under accession numbers DRR310804–DRR310853 which are linked to the BioProject accession number PRJDB015423.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes
P-values for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the likelihood ratio test in the edgeR (https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/3.5.0/) package. First, we extracted genes whose expression levels were significantly down- or up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the water-administered SAMP8 mice (SAMP8/water) as compared with the water-administered SAMR1mice (SAMR1/water). Among the genes whose expression levels were significantly down-regulated (SAMR1/water > SAMP8/water), those showing a pattern of significant up-regulation in Kampo- administered SAMP8 mice (SAMP8/Kampo; KS, NKS, or HJG) as compared with SAMP8/water were referred to as "V-shaped recovered" genes (SAMR1/water > SAMP8/water, and SAMP8/water < SAMP8/Kampo) (Figure 4A, green line). Conversely, among the genes whose expression levels were significantly up-regulated (SAMR1/water < SAMP8/water), those that showed a pattern of significant down-regulation in SAMP8/Kampo as compared with SAMP8/water were referred to as "reverse V-shaped recovered" genes (SAMR1/water < SAMP8/water, and SAMP8/water > SAMP8/Kampo) (Figure 4A, orange line).
Gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis
The DEGs were mapped to the relevant biological annotation from Gene Ontology (GO; http://www.geneontology.org/) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (https://www.genome.jp/kegg/) using the DAVID functional annotation online database v.6.8 (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Fisher's exact test was applied to identify significant GO terms and pathways, and the threshold of significance was defined by the P-value and false discovery rate.
Cytokine and chemokine levels in the samples were detected using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (BD OptEIA™ ELISA set, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) and for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (Mouse DuoSet ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
All data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were analyzed using Prism 7 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). We used the paired t-test for comparisons between two groups. Data were also analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's or Dunnett's post-hoc test for comparisons among multiple groups. Correlation analysis was also performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. For gene expression analysis based on RNA-seq, P-values were obtained using the likelihood ratio test. In all cases, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Supplementary Figures
Supplementary Tables 2 and 3
Arg1: Arginase1; Cdk5: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; Dyrk2: Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinase 2; GO: Gene Ontology; HJG: Hachimijiogan; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase; IL: Interleukin; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; Klf10: Krüppel-like factor-10; KS: Kososan; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDD: Major depressive disorder; Nab2: Ngfi-A-binding protein-2; NKS: Nobiletin-rich kososan; NLRP3: Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3; OFT: Open field test; RIN: RNA integrity number; RNA-seq: RNA-sequencing; RT: Room temperature; SAMP8: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8; SAMR1: Senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1; SPT: Sucrose preference test; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TST: Tail suspension test.
NI and AM designed and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. KO helped with RNA-seq experiments. MY prepared KS and NKS extracts and performed their component analysis. KH and CS assisted with behavioral experiments. TN, YK, HO, and NO discussed the results and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Dr. Haruki Yamada for his advice on this research. We would like to thank Ms. Harumi Koguchi for her technical assistance. We are grateful to Ms. Kano Koike, Mr. Tomonori Tsuda, Mr. Takahiko Sakagami, and Mr. Hiroyoshi Kikuta for their financial support through crowdfunding.
NI, TN, YK, and HO declare financial conflicts of interest from Tsumura & Co. Norihiro Okada's research group (AM, KO, and NO) has an ongoing collaboration with Tsumura & Co., and this collaboration has included financial support. Tsumura & Co. had no role in the design of the research, analysis or interpretation of the results, or in writing the manuscript.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 17K09320 and 21K07376 to NI), JST COI (Grant number JPMJCE1301 to NI and HO), and crowdfunding (NI).
1. Campos Costa I, Nogueira Carvalho H, Fernandes L. Aging, circadian rhythms and depressive disorders: a review. Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2013; 2:228–46. [PubMed]
2. Alexopoulos GS. Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry. 2019; 9:188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0514-6 [PubMed]
3. Gambino CM, Sasso BL, Bivona G, Agnello L, Ciaccio M. Aging and Neuroinflammatory Disorders: New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des. 2019; 25:4168–74. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191112093034 [PubMed]
4. Landi F, Calvani R, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, Savera G, Sisto A, Marzetti E. Anorexia of Aging: Risk Factors, Consequences, and Potential Treatments. Nutrients. 2016; 8:69. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020069 [PubMed]
5. Halim M, Halim A. The effects of inflammation, aging and oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019; 13:1165–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.040 [PubMed]
6. Pietri P, Stefanadis C. Cardiovascular Aging and Longevity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021; 77:189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.023 [PubMed]
7. Fathi Kazerooni A, Pozo JM, McCloskey EV, Saligheh Rad H, Frangi AF. Diffusion MRI for Assessment of Bone Quality; A Review of Findings in Healthy Aging and Osteoporosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020; 51:975–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26973 [PubMed]
8. Lafosse E, Wolffsohn JS, Talens-Estarelles C, García-Lázaro S. Presbyopia and the aging eye: Existing refractive approaches and their potential impact on dry eye signs and symptoms. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2020; 43:103–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2019.08.005 [PubMed]
9. Gates GA, Mills JH. Presbycusis. Lancet. 2005; 366:1111–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67423-5 [PubMed]
10. Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev. 2019; 99:427–511. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00061.2017 [PubMed]
11. Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019; 25:1822–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 [PubMed]
12. Di Benedetto S, Müller L, Wenger E, Düzel S, Pawelec G. Contribution of neuroinflammation and immunity to brain aging and the mitigating effects of physical and cognitive interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 75:114–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.044 [PubMed]
13. Pizza V, Agresta A, D'Acunto CW, Festa M, Capasso A. Neuroinflamm-aging and neurodegenerative diseases: an overview. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2011; 10:621–34. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152711796235014 [PubMed]
14. Ransohoff RM. How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration. Science. 2016; 353:777–83. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2590 [PubMed]
15. Holbrook JA, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Caseley E, Lara-Reyna S, Poulter JA, Williams-Gray CH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 12:643254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.643254 [PubMed]
16. Yirmiya R, Rimmerman N, Reshef R. Depression as a microglial disease. Trends Neurosci. 2015; 38:637–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2015.08.001 [PubMed]
17. Mondelli V, Vernon AC, Turkheimer F, Dazzan P, Pariante CM. Brain microglia in psychiatric disorders. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017; 4:563–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30101-3 [PubMed]
18. Pfau ML, Ménard C, Russo SJ. Inflammatory Mediators in Mood Disorders: Therapeutic Opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018; 58:411–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052823 [PubMed]
19. Woelfer M, Kasties V, Kahlfuss S, Walter M. The Role of Depressive Subtypes within the Neuroinflammation Hypothesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Neuroscience. 2019; 403:93–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.034 [PubMed]
20. Meyer JH, Cervenka S, Kim MJ, Kreisl WC, Henter ID, Innis RB. Neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders: PET imaging and promising new targets. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7:1064–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30255-8 [PubMed]
21. Ito N, Takemoto H, Hasegawa A, Sugiyama C, Honma K, Nagai T, Kobayashi Y, Odaguchi H. Neuroinflammaging underlies emotional disturbances and circadian rhythm disruption in young male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Exp Gerontol. 2020; 142:111109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111109 [PubMed]
22. Chung YC, Kim SR, Park JY, Chung ES, Park KW, Won SY, Bok E, Jin M, Park ES, Yoon SH, Ko HW, Kim YS, Jin BK. Fluoxetine prevents MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation. Neuropharmacology. 2011; 60:963–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.043 [PubMed]
23. Ramirez K, Shea DT, McKim DB, Reader BF, Sheridan JF. Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance. Brain Behav Immun. 2015; 46:212–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.016 [PubMed]
24. Du RH, Tan J, Sun XY, Lu M, Ding JH, Hu G. Fluoxetine Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Implication in Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016; 19:pyw037. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw037 [PubMed]
25. Almeida IB, Gomes IA, Shanmugam S, de Moura TR, Magalhães LS, de Aquino LAG, de Souza Araújo AA, Oliveira PD, Santos MRV. Inflammatory modulation of fluoxetine use in patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine. 2020; 131:155100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155100 [PubMed]
26. Andersohn F, Schade R, Suissa S, Garbe E. Long-term use of antidepressants for depressive disorders and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166:591–8. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071065 [PubMed]
27. Pan SJ, Tan YL, Yao SW, Xin Y, Yang X, Liu J, Xiong J. Fluoxetine induces lipid metabolism abnormalities by acting on the liver in patients and mice with depression. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018; 39:1463–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2017.207 [PubMed]
28. Zhou SF. Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr Drug Metab. 2008; 9:310–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920008784220664 [PubMed]
29. Knadler MP, Lobo E, Chappell J, Bergstrom R. Duloxetine: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011; 50:281–94. https://doi.org/10.2165/11539240-000000000-00000 [PubMed]
30. Tatonetti NP, Denny JC, Murphy SN, Fernald GH, Krishnan G, Castro V, Yue P, Tsao PS, Kohane I, Roden DM, Altman RB. Detecting drug interactions from adverse-event reports: interaction between paroxetine and pravastatin increases blood glucose levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 90:133–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.83 [PubMed]
31. Shin J, Hills NK, Finley PR. Combining Antidepressants with β-Blockers: Evidence of a Clinically Significant CYP2D6 Drug Interaction. Pharmacotherapy. 2020; 40:507–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2406 [PubMed]
32. Oberlin LE, Respino M, Victoria L, Abreu L, Hoptman MJ, Alexopoulos GS, Gunning FM. Late-life depression accentuates cognitive weaknesses in older adults with small vessel disease. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022; 47:580–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-00973-z [PubMed]
33. Gabryelewicz T, Styczynska M, Luczywek E, Barczak A, Pfeffer A, Androsiuk W, Chodakowska-Zebrowska M, Wasiak B, Peplonska B, Barcikowska M. The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007; 22:563–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1716 [PubMed]
34. Ito N, Nagai T, Yabe T, Nunome S, Hanawa T, Yamada H. Antidepressant-like activity of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Koso-san (Xiang-Su-San), and its mode of action via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Phytomedicine. 2006; 13:658–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.002 [PubMed]
35. Nagai T, Narikawa T, Ito N, Takeda T, Hanawa T, Yamada H. Antidepressant-like effect of a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, kososan, against the interferon-α-induced depressive-like model mice. J Trad Med. 2008; 25:74–80. https://doi.org/10.11339/jtm.25.74
36. Ito N, Yabe T, Nagai T, Oikawa T, Yamada H, Hanawa T. A possible mechanism underlying an antidepressive-like effect of Kososan, a Kampo medicine, via the hypothalamic orexinergic system in the stress-induced depression-like model mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009; 32:1716–22. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.32.1716 [PubMed]
37. Ito N, Hori A, Yabe T, Nagai T, Oikawa T, Yamada H, Hanawa T. Involvement of neuropeptide Y signaling in the antidepressant-like effect and hippocampal cell proliferation induced by kososan, a Kampo medicine, in the stress-induced depression-like model mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012; 35:1775–83. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b12-00466 [PubMed]
38. Nagai T, Hashimoto R, Okuda SM, Kodera Y, Oh-Ishi M, Maeda T, Ito N, Hanawa T, Kiyohara H, Yamada H. Antidepressive-like effect of a Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine, kososan (Xiang Su San) in a stress-induced depression-like mouse model: Proteomic analysis of hypothalamus. Trad & Kampo Med. 2015; 2:50–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1018
39. Ito N, Hirose E, Ishida T, Hori A, Nagai T, Kobayashi Y, Kiyohara H, Oikawa T, Hanawa T, Odaguchi H. Kososan, a Kampo medicine, prevents a social avoidance behavior and attenuates neuroinflammation in socially defeated mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2017; 14:98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-0876-8 [PubMed]
40. Cui Y, Wu J, Jung SC, Park DB, Maeng YH, Hong JY, Kim SJ, Lee SR, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Eun SY. Anti-neuroinflammatory activity of nobiletin on suppression of microglial activation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010; 33:1814–21. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.1814 [PubMed]
41. Qi G, Mi Y, Fan R, Li R, Liu Z, Liu X. Nobiletin Protects against Systemic Inflammation-Stimulated Memory Impairment via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Agric Food Chem. 2019; 67:5122–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00133 [PubMed]
42. Cho HW, Jung SY, Lee GH, Cho JH, Choi IY. Neuroprotective effect of Citrus unshiu immature peel and nobiletin inhibiting hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015 (Suppl 2); 11:S284–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.166047 [PubMed]
43. Wang H, Guo Y, Qiao Y, Zhang J, Jiang P. Nobiletin Ameliorates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation Through Promoting Autophagy via the AMPK Pathway. Mol Neurobiol. 2020; 57:5056–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02071-5 [PubMed]
44. Yi LT, Xu HL, Feng J, Zhan X, Zhou LP, Cui CC. Involvement of monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of nobiletin. Physiol Behav. 2011; 102:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.008 [PubMed]
45. Li J, Zhou Y, Liu BB, Liu Q, Geng D, Weng LJ, Yi LT. Nobiletin Ameliorates the Deficits in Hippocampal BDNF, TrkB, and Synapsin I Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:359682. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/359682 [PubMed]
46. Nakajima A, Yamakuni T, Matsuzaki K, Nakata N, Onozuka H, Yokosuka A, Sashida Y, Mimaki Y, Ohizumi Y. Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, reverses learning impairment associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007; 321:784–90. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.117010 [PubMed]
47. Nakajima A, Aoyama Y, Shin EJ, Nam Y, Kim HC, Nagai T, Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y, Yokoi T, Ohizumi Y, Yamada K. Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, improves cognitive impairment and reduces soluble Aβ levels in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3XTg-AD). Behav Brain Res. 2015; 289:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.028 [PubMed]
48. Kawahata I, Yoshida M, Sun W, Nakajima A, Lai Y, Osaka N, Matsuzaki K, Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y, Naganuma A, Tomioka Y, Yamakuni T. Potent activity of nobiletin-rich Citrus reticulata peel extract to facilitate cAMP/PKA/ERK/CREB signaling associated with learning and memory in cultured hippocampal neurons: identification of the substances responsible for the pharmacological action. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2013; 120:1397–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-013-1025-x [PubMed]
49. Seki T, Kamiya T, Furukawa K, Azumi M, Ishizuka S, Takayama S, Nagase S, Arai H, Yamakuni T, Yaegashi N. Nobiletin-rich Citrus reticulata peels, a kampo medicine for Alzheimer's disease: a case series. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013; 13:236–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00892.x [PubMed]
50. Iwasaki K, Kobayashi S, Chimura Y, Taguchi M, Inoue K, Cho S, Akiba T, Arai H, Cyong JC, Sasaki H. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the Chinese herbal medicine "ba wei di huang wan" in the treatment of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52:1518–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52415.x [PubMed]
51. Kainuma M, Funakoshi K, Ouma S, Yamashita KI, Ohara T, Yoshiiwa A, Murata M, Tsuboi Y. The efficacy and safety of hachimijiogan for mild Alzheimer disease in an exploratory, open standard treatment controlled, randomized allocation, multicenter trial: A study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020; 99:e22370. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022370 [PubMed]
52. Liu YL, Lee WC. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal supplements for treating overactive bladder. Urological Science. 2018; 29:216–22. https://doi.org/10.4103/UROS.UROS_8_18
53. Krishnan V, Nestler EJ. The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature. 2008; 455:894–902. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07455 [PubMed]
54. Son Y, Yang M, Wang H, Moon C. Hippocampal dysfunctions caused by cranial irradiation: a review of the experimental evidence. Brain Behav Immun. 2015; 45:287–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.007 [PubMed]
55. Roddy DW, Farrell C, Doolin K, Roman E, Tozzi L, Frodl T, O'Keane V, O'Hanlon E. The Hippocampus in Depression: More Than the Sum of Its Parts? Advanced Hippocampal Substructure Segmentation in Depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2019; 85:487–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.021 [PubMed]
56. Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Kemmler G, Fleischhacker WW, Blasko I, Deisenhammer EA. Severity of Depression Impacts Imminent Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 59:1439–48. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-161135 [PubMed]
57. Ching YP, Pang AS, Lam WH, Qi RZ, Wang JH. Identification of a neuronal Cdk5 activator-binding protein as Cdk5 inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277:15237–40. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C200032200 [PubMed]
58. Woods YL, Cohen P, Becker W, Jakes R, Goedert M, Wang X, Proud CG. The kinase DYRK phosphorylates protein-synthesis initiation factor eIF2Bepsilon at Ser539 and the microtubule-associated protein tau at Thr212: potential role for DYRK as a glycogen synthase kinase 3-priming kinase. Biochem J. 2001; 355:609–15. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3550609 [PubMed]
59. Killick R, Ribe EM, Al-Shawi R, Malik B, Hooper C, Fernandes C, Dobson R, Nolan PM, Lourdusamy A, Furney S, Lin K, Breen G, Wroe R, et al. Clusterin regulates β-amyloid toxicity via Dickkopf-1-driven induction of the wnt-PCP-JNK pathway. Mol Psychiatry. 2014; 19:88–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.163 [PubMed]
60. Glatz DC, Rujescu D, Tang Y, Berendt FJ, Hartmann AM, Faltraco F, Rosenberg C, Hulette C, Jellinger K, Hampel H, Riederer P, Möller HJ, Andreadis A, et al. The alternative splicing of tau exon 10 and its regulatory proteins CLK2 and TRA2-BETA1 changes in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem. 2006; 96:635–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03552.x [PubMed]
61. Rubinsztein DC, Bento CF, Deretic V. Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. J Exp Med. 2015; 212:979–90. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20150956 [PubMed]
62. Cazareth J, Guyon A, Heurteaux C, Chabry J, Petit-Paitel A. Molecular and cellular neuroinflammatory status of mouse brain after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge: importance of CCR2/CCL2 signaling. J Neuroinflammation. 2014; 11:132. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-11-132 [PubMed]
63. Ménard C, Pfau ML, Hodes GE, Russo SJ. Immune and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Stress Vulnerability and Resilience. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017; 42:62–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.90 [PubMed]
64. Wohleb ES, McKim DB, Sheridan JF, Godbout JP. Monocyte trafficking to the brain with stress and inflammation: a novel axis of immune-to-brain communication that influences mood and behavior. Front Neurosci. 2015; 8:447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00447 [PubMed]
65. Weber MD, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017; 42:46–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.102 [PubMed]
66. Li W, Wang X, Niu X, Zhang H, He Z, Wang Y, Zhi W, Liu F. Protective Effects of Nobiletin Against Endotoxic Shock in Mice Through Inhibiting TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 and Regulating NF-κB Pathway. Inflammation. 2016; 39:786–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-016-0307-5 [PubMed]
67. Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Matsuo T. Nobiletin Inhibits Inflammatory Reaction in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13:667. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050667 [PubMed]
68. Shin HS, Kang SI, Yoon SA, Ko HC, Kim SJ. Sinensetin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by regulating the protein level of IκB-α. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012; 76:847–9. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.110908 [PubMed]
69. Laavola M, Nieminen R, Yam MF, Sadikun A, Asmawi MZ, Basir R, Welling J, Vapaatalo H, Korhonen R, Moilanen E. Flavonoids eupatorin and sinensetin present in Orthosiphon stamineus leaves inhibit inflammatory gene expression and STAT1 activation. Planta Med. 2012; 78:779–86. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298458 [PubMed]
70. Shu Z, Yang B, Zhao H, Xu B, Jiao W, Wang Q, Wang Z, Kuang H. Tangeretin exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects via NF-κB modulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014; 19:275–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.011 [PubMed]
71. Zhang JC, Yao W, Dong C, Yang C, Ren Q, Ma M, Hashimoto K. Blockade of interleukin-6 receptor in the periphery promotes rapid and sustained antidepressant actions: a possible role of gut-microbiota-brain axis. Transl Psychiatry. 2017; 7:e1138. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.112 [PubMed]
72. Tiosano S, Yavne Y, Watad A, Langevitz P, Lidar M, Feld J, Tishler M, Aamar S, Elkayam O, Balbir-Gurman A, Molad Y, Ehrlich S, Abu-Shakra M, et al. The impact of tocilizumab on anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020; 50:e13268. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13268 [PubMed]
73. Lehto SM, Niskanen L, Herzig KH, Tolmunen T, Huotari A, Viinamäki H, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Honkalampi K, Ruotsalainen H, Hintikka J. Serum chemokine levels in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010; 35:226–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.007 [PubMed]
74. Moriguchi S, Takahata K, Shimada H, Kubota M, Kitamura S, Kimura Y, Tagai K, Tarumi R, Tabuchi H, Meyer JH, Mimura M, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, et al. Excess tau PET ligand retention in elderly patients with major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2020. [Epub ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-0766-9 [PubMed]
75. Byers AL, Yaffe K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011; 7:323–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.60 [PubMed]
76. Diniz BS, Butters MA, Albert SM, Dew MA, Reynolds CF 3rd. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. Br J Psychiatry. 2013; 202:329–35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118307 [PubMed]
77. Nakajima A, Aoyama Y, Nguyen TT, Shin EJ, Kim HC, Yamada S, Nakai T, Nagai T, Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y, Ohizumi Y, Yamada K. Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, ameliorates cognitive impairment, oxidative burden, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in senescence-accelerated mouse. Behav Brain Res. 2013; 250:351–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.025 [PubMed]
78. Frank MG, Barrientos RM, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Aging sensitizes rapidly isolated hippocampal microglia to LPS ex vivo. J Neuroimmunol. 2010; 226:181–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.022 [PubMed]
79. Garner KM, Amin R, Johnson RW, Scarlett EJ, Burton MD. Microglia priming by interleukin-6 signaling is enhanced in aged mice. J Neuroimmunol. 2018; 324:90–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.002 [PubMed]
80. Fonken LK, Frank MG, Gaudet AD, Maier SF. Stress and aging act through common mechanisms to elicit neuroinflammatory priming. Brain Behav Immun. 2018; 73:133–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.012 [PubMed]
81. Letiembre M, Hao W, Liu Y, Walter S, Mihaljevic I, Rivest S, Hartmann T, Fassbender K. Innate immune receptor expression in normal brain aging. Neuroscience. 2007; 146:248–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.004 [PubMed]
82. Calvo-Rodríguez M, de la Fuente C, García-Durillo M, García-Rodríguez C, Villalobos C, Núñez L. Aging and amyloid β oligomers enhance TLR4 expression, LPS-induced Ca2+ responses, and neuron cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J Neuroinflammation. 2017; 14:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-0802-0 [PubMed]
83. Nie X, Kitaoka S, Tanaka K, Segi-Nishida E, Imoto Y, Ogawa A, Nakano F, Tomohiro A, Nakayama K, Taniguchi M, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Kakizuka A, Narumiya S, Furuyashiki T. The Innate Immune Receptors TLR2/4 Mediate Repeated Social Defeat Stress-Induced Social Avoidance through Prefrontal Microglial Activation. Neuron. 2018; 99:464–79.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.035 [PubMed]
84. Benros ME, Waltoft BL, Nordentoft M, Ostergaard SD, Eaton WW, Krogh J, Mortensen PB. Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for mood disorders: a nationwide study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013; 70:812–20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111 [PubMed]
85. Ramirez K, Sheridan JF. Antidepressant imipramine diminishes stress-induced inflammation in the periphery and central nervous system and related anxiety- and depressive- like behaviors. Brain Behav Immun. 2016; 57:293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.008 [PubMed]
86. Tynan RJ, Weidenhofer J, Hinwood M, Cairns MJ, Day TA, Walker FR. A comparative examination of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants on LPS stimulated microglia. Brain Behav Immun. 2012; 26:469–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.12.011 [PubMed]
87. Liu RP, Zou M, Wang JY, Zhu JJ, Lai JM, Zhou LL, Chen SF, Zhang X, Zhu JH. Paroxetine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation via differential regulation of MAPK signaling. J Neuroinflammation. 2014; 11:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-11-47 [PubMed]
88. Fujimori K, Takaki J, Shigemoto-Mogami Y, Sekino Y, Suzuki T, Sato K. Paroxetine prevented the down-regulation of astrocytic L-Glu transporters in neuroinflammation. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 127:145–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2014.09.002 [PubMed]
89. Zhang X, Zhu LB, He JH, Zhang HQ, Ji SY, Zhang CN, Hou NN, Huang CP, Zhu JH. Paroxetine suppresses reactive microglia-mediated but not lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in primary astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation. 2020; 17:50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-1712-0 [PubMed]
90. Maurice T, Roman FJ, Su TP, Privat A. Beneficial effects of sigma agonists on the age-related learning impairment in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). Brain Res. 1996; 733:219–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(96)00565-3 [PubMed]
91. Zhang X, Li G, Guo L, Nie K, Jia Y, Zhao L, Yu J. Age-related alteration in cerebral blood flow and energy failure is correlated with cognitive impairment in the senescence-accelerated prone mouse strain 8 (SAMP8). Neurol Sci. 2013; 34:1917–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1407-8 [PubMed]
92. Yanai S, Toyohara J, Ishiwata K, Ito H, Endo S. Long-term cilostazol administration ameliorates memory decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) through a dual effect on cAMP and blood-brain barrier. Neuropharmacology. 2017; 116:247–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.006 [PubMed]
93. Puigoriol-Illamola D, Griñán-Ferré C, Vasilopoulou F, Leiva R, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. 11β-HSD1 Inhibition by RL-118 Promotes Autophagy and Correlates with Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Enhancing Cognitive Performance in SAMP8 Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol. 2018; 55:8904–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1026-8 [PubMed]
94. Currais A, Huang L, Goldberg J, Petrascheck M, Ates G, Pinto-Duarte A, Shokhirev MN, Schubert D, Maher P. Elevating acetyl-CoA levels reduces aspects of brain aging. Elife. 2019; 8:e47866. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47866 [PubMed]
95. He B, Nohara K, Park N, Park YS, Guillory B, Zhao Z, Garcia JM, Koike N, Lee CC, Takahashi JS, Yoo SH, Chen Z. The Small Molecule Nobiletin Targets the Molecular Oscillator to Enhance Circadian Rhythms and Protect against Metabolic Syndrome. Cell Metab. 2016; 23:610–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.03.007 [PubMed]
96. Shinozaki A, Misawa K, Ikeda Y, Haraguchi A, Kamagata M, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Potent Effects of Flavonoid Nobiletin on Amplitude, Period, and Phase of the Circadian Clock Rhythm in PER2::LUCIFERASE Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0170904. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170904 [PubMed]
97. Grabert K, Michoel T, Karavolos MH, Clohisey S, Baillie JK, Stevens MP, Freeman TC, Summers KM, McColl BW. Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging. Nat Neurosci. 2016; 19:504–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4222 [PubMed]
98. Galatro TF, Holtman IR, Lerario AM, Vainchtein ID, Brouwer N, Sola PR, Veras MM, Pereira TF, Leite REP, Möller T, Wes PD, Sogayar MC, Laman JD, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of purified human cortical microglia reveals age-associated changes. Nat Neurosci. 2017; 20:1162–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4597 [PubMed]
99. Ayata P, Badimon A, Strasburger HJ, Duff MK, Montgomery SE, Loh YE, Ebert A, Pimenova AA, Ramirez BR, Chan AT, Sullivan JM, Purushothaman I, Scarpa JR, et al. Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity. Nat Neurosci. 2018; 21:1049–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0192-3 [PubMed]
100. Hammond TR, Dufort C, Dissing-Olesen L, Giera S, Young A, Wysoker A, Walker AJ, Gergits F, Segel M, Nemesh J, Marsh SE, Saunders A, Macosko E, et al. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes. Immunity. 2019; 50:253–71.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.11.004 [PubMed]
101. Ito N, Sasaki K, Takemoto H, Kobayashi Y, Isoda H, Odaguchi H. Emotional Impairments and Neuroinflammation are Induced in Male Mice Invulnerable to Repeated Social Defeat Stress. Neuroscience. 2020; 443:148–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.023 [PubMed]
102. Hori A, Ito N, Oikawa T, Hanawa T. Kososan, but not milnacipran, elicits antidepressant-like effects in a novel psychological stress-induced mouse model of depression. Trad & Kampo Med. 2015; 2:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1013
103. Liu MY, Yin CY, Zhu LJ, Zhu XH, Xu C, Luo CX, Chen H, Zhu DY, Zhou QG. Sucrose preference test for measurement of stress-induced anhedonia in mice. Nat Protoc. 2018; 13:1686–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0011-z [PubMed]
104. Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985; 85:367–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428203 [PubMed]
105. Martin M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet Bioinformatics in Action. 2011; 17:3. https://doi.org/10.14806/ej.17.1.200
106. Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30:2114–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 [PubMed]
107. Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012; 9:357–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923 [PubMed]
108. Kim D, Paggi JM, Park C, Bennett C, Salzberg SL. Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype. Nat Biotechnol. 2019; 37:907–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0201-4 [PubMed]
109. Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R, and 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup. The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics. 2009; 25:2078–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 [PubMed]
110. Liao Y, Smyth GK, Shi W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30:923–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt656 [PubMed]
111. Robinson MD, Oshlack A. A scaling normalization method for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data. Genome Biol. 2010; 11:R25. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r25 [PubMed]
112. Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2010; 26:139–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616 [PubMed]
Naoki Ito
[email protected]
aging emotional disturbances kososan neuroinflammation SAMP8 mice | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
<?php
/**
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage Constructor
*/
// requeried comments
wp_enqueue_script( 'comment-reply' );
// load header.php
get_header();
// load one of layout pages (layouts/*.php) based on settings
get_constructor_layout('single');
// load footer.php
get_footer();
?> | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
The Top Employer seal marks us out as belonging to a global community of forward-looking organisations.
We are proud to announce that Applus+ in Spain has been named a Top Employer 2019 by the Top Employers Institute Certification Programme.
At Applus+, we strive hard not only to offer the very best working environment but to improve on it every day so that all of our employees feel part of our Together Beyond Standards project.
All of these factors were assessed and verified by way of 100 questions covering 600 different HR practices.
The certification seal demonstrates that we belong to a global community of visionary organisations and motivates us to continue striving for best practice when it comes to our people. It also serves to further reinforce our commitment to improving our business results. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa dello Isole Salomone
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa del Kenya
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa della Papua Nuova Guinea
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa dello Sri Lanka
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa dell'Uganda (vecchio ordinamento)
Provincia Centrale – unità amministrativa dello Zambia | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
These mathematical models have a very wide range of physical applications: Tornado, aerodynamic turbulence, … To find the best initial data and to understand the mechanism of the blow-up, it is important to visualize the evolution of the energy on the different points of the grid.
Furthermore, in order to optimize the resources (core hours budget) it is important to provide early (visual) feedback on the evolution of some significant numerical observables ( Energy, Vorticity, Flow pattern), the use of a real time visualization infrastructure can be very useful.
Our project consists in the implementation of PARAVIEW-CATALYST library in the BlowUpNS code, in order to make possible the real time visualization of some important turbulent phenomena.
Week 3: Start the work on the code. Deliver final workplan at the end of week.
Week 4, 5, 6: Production phase (The code will be instrumented and tested).
Week 7: Final stage of production phase. Preparation of the final movie.
The purpose of this project is to modify the BlowUp NS code in order to use the PARAVIEW_CATALYST library for in-situ interactive visualization. Our final product will be an instrumented version of the code, a visualization scripts as well as a movie illustrating the use and the results obtained during this 2 months work period. Also a small report on the work done will be produced.
If we will have enough time we will try to use the web interface of ParaView (ParaViewWeb) to visualize all the graphical outputs of the new version of the BlowUpNS code.
A part from the BlowUp NS code that is owned by the mentor and will be provided in source form under a non-disclosure agreement, all other needed software ( ParaView and Blender ) is released open source and already available on the CINECA clusters that will be used by the students with their own provided accounts.
1 Pings/Trackbacks for "In Situ VIsualizzation of NAvier-Stokes Tornado Effect" | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Richmond Mall Nelson
Richmond is a town, and the seat of the Tasman District Council, that lies 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Nelson in the South Island of New Zealand, close to the southern extremity of Tasman Bay. The town was first settled in 1842[2] and was named in 1854 after the town of Richmond on Thames near London. By 2014 it had an estimated population of 13,606.[3]
Although Richmond lies outside the boundaries of Nelson City, it forms part of the Nelson Urban Area for statistical purposes and is informally considered as part of Greater Nelson or the "Top of the South". The two unitary authoritiesco-operate for tourism-marketing purposes via "Latitude Nelson".
https://www.richmondmall.co.nz/
Invercargill Invercargill South Island, New Zealand | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Don't get stranded on the side of the road!
Have you found yourself stranded due to having a car that won't start? Whether you're at home, at work or even on the side of the road, our friendly staff will come to you! Stay safe when you turn to us for 24/7 emergency towing services! We will provide the prompt, affordable service you deserve.
Let us help get you back on the road fast!
Not currently in need of towing services? We can also help with your body repairs, auto body work and custom auto painting needs. Call us today to find out more about our affordable care options.
Finding an honest mechanic you can trust is an important part of the auto repair process. With years of experience, our I-Car Certified technicians are committed to providing the honest service you deserve.
Call on us - even during an emergency!
© 2018. Old Town Auto Body. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Blog EducationMay 15, 2019
Learning About Terpenes: Myrcene, A Plant-Based, Pain-Fighting Powerhouse
As regular readers of our educational blogs, we know you're already familiar with terpenes, the fragrant essential oils that give different strains of cannabis—and so many other plants and natural substances—their distinctive aromas and flavors. But they do so much more than provide alluring scents! As we're discovering, terpenes elicit powerful effects on our bodies, too. And none of them is as important as myrcene, the most abundant of the cannabis plant's roughly 200 known terpenes. If you've ever noticed an earthy scent in your cannabis that reminds you of lemongrass, basil, bay laurel or—most strikingly—fresh mangoes, there's a great chance you're detecting the presence of myrcene.
Let's take a closer look at this fascinating plant compound. What does myrcene do in the body, and how can you find it in cannabis?
What Does Myrcene Do For Us?
While myrcene is only a single terpene, it's the precursor—the grandmother, so to speak—of many others. Myrcene is believed to assist cannabinoids in passing the blood-brain barrier, acting as a sort of "booster" for the powerful effects of cannabinoids like THC, CBD, and CBN. In fact, the myrcene content of a given cannabis plant is so crucial that its content essentially dictates whether or not the cannabis will exhibit a sativa-like energizing effect or an indica-like sedative effect.
Strains with a myrcene content over .5% are believed to exhibit broadly sedative effects. That's important when it comes to fighting pain; in rodent-based studies, myrcene has been shown to reduce the perception of pain by helping stimulate opioid receptors (but with a far more sustainable long-term effect than synthetic opioids such as fentanyl). Studies on humans, not to mention a wealth of anecdotal evidence, suggest that this effect is similar in our bodies as well. (Though, yes, we do need more cannabis studies to make a more direct correlation.)
Studies suggest myrcene can also help reduce inflammation, one of the body's primary responses to physical injury and pain. This can make it a powerful ingredient in non-psychoactive topicals, by the way….
How to Get Myrcene from Cannabis
Many cannabis strains are already naturally high in myrcene, and because it's precursor to other terpenes, as we mentioned a moment ago, it's found in at least some quantity in many if not most cannabis.
OG Kush is a potent high-THC strain, and its piney, peppery and earthy aromas lead many fans to label it the ultimate "dank" weed. Its pleasurable effects include strong euphoria and general uplift, but be forewarned: It can exhibit powerful "couch lock"!
White Widow is a potent, crystal-dusted strain, known for imparting a strong euphoric and energizing effect. Those resinous crystals should serve as a warning: This is an extremely potent strain with a high THC content.
Skunk XL is especially well-balanced between indica and sativa effects. You'll feel a strong body high characterized by the relaxing and calming effects associated with high levels of myrcene. But there are energetic, cerebral elements to this interesting hybrid, making it both powerfully "stony" but functional and motivational as well.
If you're in search of high-myrcene strains, make sure to stop by your favorite Washington dispensary, or order online from our Des Moines dispensary menu or Seattle dispensary menu.
myrcene, myrcene from cannabis, myrcene terpene, terpenes
Previous Cannabis 101: What is Dabbing?
Next Learning About Terpenes: Limonene, A Zesty, All-Natural Mood Booster and More | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Dedicated to self-harm recovery, insight and support.
Need some extra support right now?
Why are we so afraid of failure?
Why is Christmas so hard?
The faces behind the blog...
It's the start of a new year. Some of us love a fresh start and a clean slate, and we can feel like we have a shot at it when a new year (let alone a new decade) starts. But maybe it feels for you as if nothing has really changed. You're stuck in the same place with the same problems.
But maybe this year could be a time to reach out from some help from new places.
If you've not tried out Alumina before, why not try it out in 2020?
Alumina groups run online in the evenings. You log in to a kind of chat room where we can't see or hear you but you can see and hear us - real, adult humans who are here to listen and support you. You can type in the chatbox or just sit and listen. Either way, people tell us it helps them to feel less alone. There are usually between 2 and 6 young young people in each session.
We talk about some big questions - why do we self-harm, why is it so addictive, will it always be something I do, who can I talk to, are there any alternatives that work - but we never tell you what to do. Alumina is a safe space, a non-judgemental space, and a place where you can think about what it might take for you to move towards recovery.
We'd love to give you some extra support, and help you to feel less alone. Why don't you have a go?
We have new groups starting up with week, but you can join them anytime in January. Just sign up here. (Don't worry, when you sign up you're not totally committing yourself to Alumina - it just means we can start an email conversation with you).
Posted: SelfharmUK | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Steve Bannon formally dismissed from We Build The Wall fraud case
Northwest Florida Daily News
A New York federal judge has dismissed an indictment handed down last year against former Trump White House chief political strategist Steve Bannon charging him with conspiracies to commit wire fraud and money laundering.
But Tuesday's order from Judge Analisa Torres notes sharply that a pardon issued to Bannon by President Donald Trump on the charges, which formed the basis for a motion from Bannon seeking dismissal of the indictment, does not indicate innocence on Bannon's part.
Trump issued the pardon to Bannon in the final hours of his term to cover charges that $1 million in donations to a Florida-based nonprofit founded by an Air Force veteran in Miramar Beach were improperly steered to Bannon through a separate nonprofit organization that Bannon controlled.
Torres' seven-page order dismissing the indictment against Bannon — the charges had him facing the possibility of as much as 40 years in prison — cites language in a number of federal cases dealing with pardons.
Miramar Beach wounded warrior indicted along with Steve Bannon in border wall scheme Court documents shed light on We Build the Wall Kolfage fraud case Bannon gets Trump pardon in We Build The Wall scheme; co-defendants left out Kolfage says politics, misunderstanding behind fraud conspiracy indictment Miramar Beach wounded warrior Brain Kolfage now facing federal charges in Florida
Among them is a 2000 federal case involving a pardon issued by then-President Bill Clinton. "Of course," Torres wrote, going on to cite the 2000 case, " 'a pardon does not, standing alone, render [a defendant] innocent of the alleged ... violation.' "
'An imputation of guilt'
Going on to cite a 1994 federal case involving a 1992 pardon issued by then-President George H.W. Bush in connection with arms sales to Iran, Torres wrote, "Nor does a pardon before conviction 'blot out probable cause of guilt or expunge an indictment.' "
The latest:Brian Kolfage trial for fraud conspiracy, money laundering moved from May to November
Previously:Judge denies Brian Kolfage's request to tap We Build the Wall accounts to pay his lawyers
The new charges:Miramar Beach wounded warrior Brain Kolfage now facing federal charges in Florida
Torres, a 2013 appointee by then-President Barack Obama to the bench of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, also cited a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court case involving the issuance of a presidential pardon prior to conviction.
"...(F)rom the country's earliest days," Torres wrote, "courts, including the Supreme Court, have acknowledged that even if there is no formal admission of guilt, the issuance of a pardon may 'carr[y] an imputation of guilt; acceptance a confession of it.' "
Among the people still facing single counts of conspiracy to commit money laundering and conspiracy to commit wire fraud in the New York case is Brian Kolfage, a retired Air Force airman now living in Miramar Beach who lost both legs and an arm in a 2004 rocket attack in Iraq.
Kolfage, who has allied himself with a number of conservative causes, founded We Build The Wall Inc., the nonprofit organization at the center of the case, in 2019 as a means to collect donations for privately funded construction of sections of border wall along the U.S.-Mexico border.
The indictment handed down last August by a grand jury in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleges that $350,000 in donations to We Build The Wall Inc. were improperly steered to Kolfage.
Also indicted in the case are Florida investor Andrew Badolato and Colorado businessman Timothy Shea, who are alleged to have facilitated a scheme in which donations to the nonprofit were steered to Kolfage through fake invoices and sham "vendor" agreements.
A secret agreement
In her lengthy order on the dismissal of the indictment against Bannon, Torres repeatedly references the August indictment, noting that the alleged payments were made to Bannon and Kolfage after the two men and Badolato had stated that the nonprofit's leadership would not be compensated.
What donors did not know, Torres wrote, was that "Bannon, Kolfage, and Badolato, among others, had secretly agreed that Kolfage would be paid '$100k upfront [and] then 20(k) [per] month,' " with money routed through the Bannon-controlled nonprofit organization beginning in February 2019.
"Though Kolfage did no work for the Bannon (nonprofit organization), approximately a week later, it transferred $100,000 to him," Torres noted. "In the following two months, two $20,000 payments — the same amount designated as Kolfage's monthly salary in the secret agreement — were routed to Kolfage using an identical method. To conceal the payments, Kolfage asked that they be made to Kolfage's spouse for 'media.' "
Administrators, deputies investigating rumored sexual harassment at Ruckel Middle School dance VPS sets new record for total passengers. Where are they flying from? What's the tourism impact? PlayStation looking to compete with Xbox Game Pass with subscription and streaming options Two new hotels coming to Freeport? Proposals get design review in Walton County Walton County Tourism Development Council opts against bringing on new executive director
The payments stopped in October, according to the judge's recounting, and at the same time, We Build The Wall's website was edited to remove references to the promise that Kolfage wouldn't be compensated and the co-defendants "began using encrypted messaging applications" in an ongoing effort to conceal their scheme.
During interviews in recent months, Kolfage has contended the prosecution is politically motivated, noting that the indictment was handed down in the midst of last year's presidential campaign and suggesting it was designed to hurt Trump's re-election chances.
Torres' extensive court filing came just two days before Kolfage had been scheduled to appear in federal court in Pensacola for arraignment on an indictment handed down earlier this month in a separate case in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida.
But on Wednesday, the day before the scheduled arraignment, a court filing noted that Kolfage's proceedings had been moved to June 2. Neither Kolfage nor the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida immediately returned telephone calls and other messages seeking comment on the rescheduled arraignment.
The Florida federal indictment charges Kolfage with single counts of filing a false tax return and wire fraud in connection with the electronic filing of that return. Specifically, the indictment alleges that Kolfage did not report income from We Build The Wall and other sources.
Kolfage recently contended that he did report additional income in an amended 2019 tax return, but he did not provide any documentary evidence of that amended return to the Daily News. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: get device PPI in javascript How to get real PPI (pixels per inch) device resolution with javascript?
some examples of device and value expected:
*
*iMac 27-inch: 109ppi
*iPad: 132ppi
*19inch 1440x900 screen: 89ppi
*...
A: In pure JS:
function calcScreenDPI() {
const el = document.createElement('div');
el.style = 'width: 1in;'
document.body.appendChild(el);
const dpi = el.offsetWidth;
document.body.removeChild(el);
return dpi;
}
console.log(calcScreenDPI());
A: Running a native application directly on top of the operating system is the only surefire way to acquire the physical characteristics of the client monitor stored in the EDID. No mainstream browser engine currently offers this information through any web API and will likely not in the foreseeable future.
However there are several ways to approximate the density to varying levels of accuracy.
All modern browsers give hints to the pixel density via attributes like devicePixelRatio, deviceXDPI which basically tell you how much zoom the client has going on (versus 1.0x Operating System default zoom). If you're targeting only a few devices like the Apple line then you might be able to tell which one is which, although Apple doesn't leave a scrap of a clue to discern a iPad mini from a regular iPad.
Another alternative is using device databases or proprietary software that analyze the client's "user agent string" to achieve a hit-or-miss guess of the device and then looking up the DPI associated with that device if it exists in their big database. Expensive proprietary systems might have higher accuracy by leveraging complex data mining algorithms but regardless any system like this would need constant manual updating and will still remain open to client manipulation since they can just change their user agent string ("view this website in desktop mode")
It's really an unfortunate situation not having this information available. I've spent countless hours researching ANY POSSIBLE WAY to make a PPI aware Web Application.
Maybe one day someone will be able to convince the folks at WebKit or Mozilla or Microsoft to allow people to create PPI aware Web apps for augmented reality and such... Sigh
A: You can create an element of 1in of fixed height, then look at its height in pixels
createDpiTestElements()
var dpi = getDpi()
Because
[dpi] = [px/in]
So let
*
*p be an object's length in pixels [px]
*i be that object's length in inches [in]
*and d be the searched DPI/PPI for that object, in pixels per inches [dpi]
We get
d = p/i
So if we choose
i = 1
we get
d = p
JS Code
/**
* @function
* @inner
*/
function createDpiTestElements () {
var getDpiHtmlStyle = 'data-dpi-test { height: 1in; left: -100%; position: absolute; top: -100%; width: 1in; }'
var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]
var getDPIElement = document.createElement('style')
getDPIElement.setAttribute('type', 'text/css')
getDPIElement.setAttribute('rel', 'stylesheet')
getDPIElement.innerHTML = getDpiHtmlStyle
head.appendChild(getDPIElement)
var body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]
var dpiTestElement = document.createElement('data-dpi-test')
dpiTestElement.setAttribute('id', 'dpi-test')
body.appendChild(dpiTestElement)
}
/**
* Evaluate the DPI of the device's screen (pixels per inche).
* It creates and inpect a dedicated and hidden `data-dpi-test` DOM element to
* deduct the screen DPI.
* @method
* @static
* @returns {number} - The current screen DPI, so in pixels per inch.
*/
function getDpi () {
return document.getElementById('dpi-test').offsetHeight
}
A: In a Chrome Extension
Related, but not an exact answer to the poster's question:
You can get the DPI of your display (and a lot of other information), if you're developing a Chrome Extension with the proper permissions using chrome.system.display.getInfo:
const info = await chrome.system.display.getInfo()
console.log(info.dpiX, info.dpiY)
It returns a DisplayUnitInfo object that tells you everything you might need to know.
Addendum to answers above for plain JS DOM
Also, it's worth noting that you can get an approximate pixel density combining pieces of information provided above. However, it's unlikely this will be useful for anything but logging purposes, IMO. I say this because any pixel values you use in your DOM/JS code aren't going to be "device pixel values". They'll likely have a multiplier applied.
The trick is to alter @nikksan's answer above and multiply by window.devicePixelRatio
Note that it is going to be the same answer every single time on each device, so it's probably only worth doing once.
function calcScreenDPI() {
// Create a "1 inch" element to measure
const el = document.createElement('div');
el.style.width = '1in';
// It has to be appended to measure it
document.body.appendChild(el);
// Get it's (DOM-relative) pixel width, multiplied by
// the device pixel ratio
const dpi = el.offsetWidth * devicePixelRatio;
// remove the measurement element
el.remove();
return dpi;
}
A: Here is what works for me (but didn't test it on mobile phones):
Then I put in the .js: screenPPI = document.getElementById('ppitest').offsetWidth;
This got me 96, which corresponds to my system's ppi.
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
These traction bars are designed for the performance enthusiast! Made in the USA, these economical kits improve your vehicle performance by reducing axle twist which can unload the chassis causing wheel spin and hop under hard acceleration. By moving the instant center to a better location, these bars help with weight transfer and improve your 60ft elapsed times. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Excellent report, we are playing a campaign in the pacific, with "disposable heroes" rules, i made the Kawanishi N1K1, and 3 chi-ha, and ho Ni, if u want see the picture pick the link, Great Blog, i put in my favorites to visit again!!!
Thanks for letting me know about your blog. That's an amazing set up that you have!
I would be very intrested if you could tell me where to find a die-cast Kikka in 1/72! I have build the MPM model, the Victoria Products resin kit, Pegasus kit and Wings vacuform, all in 1/72. If you are still interested in the MPM one I think I can find it for you. You can contact me through www.internationalresinmodellers.com. Best wishes!
The Boford Kikka is no longer in production, and the only place I've seen it recently was on ebay. I think the asking price was almost as much as a set of all the models in this blog post. There may also be some Japanese sites that still carry these models. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Reserve began slapping fines on major banks soon after the 2008 economic crisis. Three years later, banks are finally agreeing to pay the fines while regulators continue to dole out new ones — most stemming from actions related to toxic securities, namely collateralized debt obligations. These fines may look big on paper, but in reality they represent a small fraction of any major bank's assets.
For violations ranging from shady accounting practices and predatory lending to preferential client treatment and betting against the very financial advice they gave customers, the big banks have all had to pay a price. Whether or not the punishments will serve as a lesson remains to be seen, but those on Wall Street learned this year that their actions have consequences.
Wall Street powerhouse Goldman Sachs has seen its share of fines. In July 2010, it was hit with a $550 million penalty from the SEC, the largest ever handed out by the regulator. One year later, the firm was hit with a $10 million fine after a two-year investigation by Massachusetts? chief securities regulator. The probe focused on Goldman's "Asymmetric Service Initiative," in which analyst information was given to favored clients first. The settlement found that Goldman "engaged in dishonorable or dishonest conduct," but also noted that the agreement to pay was not an admission of fraud.
A lawsuit against JPMorgan Chase, which has more than $2 trillion in total assets, claimed that the bank structured and marketed collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) without informing investors that the underlying subprime assets in the portfolio were selected in part by a hedge fund that was positioned to profit if the portfolio failed. JPMorgan promised that the underlying mortgage assets would be selected by an independent manager — but Magnetar Capital LLC was found to be far from that. During the housing bubble collapse, the 2007 deal, named Squared CDO 2007-1, wiped out nearly all investments, leaving the likes of GM and major banks in Asia out millions. On June 21, the bank finally agreed to pay the $153.6 million SEC fine.
Wells Fargo, the nation?s fourth largest bank, was accused of pushing borrowers with good credit into expensive mortgages and falsifying loan applications. The loans in question were made from 2004 to 2008 and involved an estimated 10,000 borrowers. In response, the Federal Reserve announced a record $85 million fine, the largest it has issued under its new consumer protection authority. The penalty was also the first action taken against a bank for predatory lending practices related to the housing bubble collapse.
In 1998, Brightpoint, Inc., a distributor of wireless devices, found itself with a charge of as much as $18 million on its books, which eventually rose to $29 million. In a panic, Brightpoint turned to AIG to reclassify the money as being for insurance purposes — a shady accounting move that allowed Brightpoint to spread out over several years a loss that should have been recognized immediately. On September 11, the company agreed to pay a $10 million fine to settle SEC charges of dishonest accounting.
Bank of America was fined $930,000 and ordered to reinstate a Los Angeles-based employee after the U.S. Department of Labor found that the nation's largest bank had violated the whistleblower protection provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The individual involved in the suit was employed by mortgage lender Countrywide Financial before it was acquired by Bank of America in 2008. During his time at Countrywide, he was in charge of an internal investigation that revealed widespread wire, mail and bank fraud involving Countrywide employees. Soon after the acquisition, the employee was fired. As of early November, Bank of America is challenging the order.
The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) agreed to pay $30.4 million ($31 million Canadian) to settle charges stemming from the 2008 financial crisis. The SEC charged that the capital markets division of Canada's largest bank sold "unsuitable" investments — $200 million worth of collateralized debt obligations — to five Wisconsin school districts. The SEC argued that RBC never fully informed the school districts of the immense risk involved in such complex investments. RBC agreed to pay the school districts back in full, though it has not admitted nor denied allegations.
Similar to the charges against RBC and JPMorgan, Citigroup was faced with civil action brought against it by the SEC for selling securities backed by mortgages that it simultaneously bet against. According to the SEC, one Citi trader email characterized the investment as "dogshit" and "possibly the best short ever." Within months, the CDO defaulted, taking millions from investors while Citigroup made $160 million in fees and trading profits. On October 19, the bank agreed to pay the $285 million fine stemming from these actions. Credit Suisse, the collateral manager, was also slapped with a $2.5 million fine for allowing Citi to influence the portfolio. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
NEKRA
Real Name: Nekra Sinclair
Identity/Class: Human mutant
Occupation: Criminal;
formerly cult priestess, terrorist
formerly Lethal Legion (Absorbing Man, Grey Gargoyle, Grim Reaper, Mr. Hyde, Tiger Shark, Wonder Man), Lethal Legion (Black Talon/Samuel Barone, Goliath/Erik Josten, Grim Reaper, Man-Ape/M'Baku, Ultron-12), Black Spectre, Cult of Kâli
Affiliations: Asp, Baby Icon, Black Talon, Bling! (Roxanne Washington), Carolyn, Chaos King (Mikaboshi), Cypher (Doug Ramsey), Dan, Dragonfly, Elwood, Ms. Florio, Frenzy (Joanna Cargill), Gibbon, Grim Reaper, Hate-Monger (Man-Beast), Hemingway, Madison Jeffries, Katie, Brady Kent, Jeanette Latour, Dr. Leaman, Mr. Livingston, Llan the Sorcerer, Mandrill, Lindsey McCabe, Melter (Christopher Colchiss), Mentallo, Mikaboshi, Mr. Hyde, Mr. Pain, Mole Man, Nanny (Eleanor Murch), Norma, Orphan-Maker (Peter), Oya (Idie Okonkwo), Owl, Quasimodo, Redeyes, Roughhouse, Scorpion (Mac Gargan), Shanna the She-Devil, Silver Samurai (Kenuichio Harada), Son of Satan/Daimon Hellstrom, a Scrier, Shocker (Herman Schultz), Slyde (Jalome Beacher), Terraformer, Third Eye, Tiger Shark, Titania (Mary MacPherran), Toad (Mortimer Toynbee), Trapster (Peter Petruski), Venom (Eddie Brock), Jeff Wainwright, Warlock, White Rabbit
Enemies: Alpha Flight (Box/Madison Jeffries, Diamond Lil, Sasquatch, Talisman/Elizabeth Twoyoungmen, Vindicator/Heather McNeil), Avengers (Captain Marvel/Mar-Vell, Deathcry/Lifecry, Dr. Druid, Hawkeye/Clint Barton, Iron Man/Tony Stark, Mockingbird, Hank Pym, Scarlet Witch, She-Hulk, Starfox/Eros, Swordsman/Jacques Duquesne, Tigra, Vision, Wasp/Janet Van Dyne, Wonder Man, Yellowjacket/Rita Demara), Bernie, Biri, Black Widow (Natasha Romanova), Daredevil (Matt Murdock), Dark Avengers (Ares, Hawkeye/Bullseye, Iron Patriot/Norman Osborn, Marvel Boy/Noh-Varr, Ms. Marvel/Moonstone/Karla Sofen, Sentry, Spider-Man/Mac Gargan, Wolverine/Daken), Darkhawk (Chris Powell), Dry Academy, Freedom Force (Avalanche, Blob, Crimson Commando, Mystique, Pyro, Super Sabre), Gamma Flight (Auric, Nemesis, Silver, Wild Child, Witchfire), Green Goblin (Phil Urich), Adrienne Hatros, Humanity Now!, Ini, Lightspeed (Julie Power), Locksmith, Magneto, Patrick McShane, "Foggy" Nelson, Robert "Ironguts" O'Hara, Quiet Council (Magneto/Max Eisenhardt, Professor X/Charles Xavier), Hank Pym, Red Ronin (Namie), Ricochet (Johnny Gallo), Sabretooth (Victor Creed), Scarlet Witch, Second Assembly, S.H.I.E.L.D. (Laura Brown, Cochran, Huff, Jerry Hunt, others), Shroud, Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew), Spider-Woman (Mattie Franklin), Thing, Tick-Tock, Tigra, Turbo (Micki Musashi), Underworld, Vision, Wonder Man, X-Men (Angel/Warren Worthington, Armor, Bling!, Dazzler, Karma, Match, Northstar)
Known Relatives: Gemma Sinclair (mother, deceased), Buck Sinclair (father, deceased), Mandrill (Jerome Beechman, former common-law husband), Death Reaper (daughter, unconfirmed - see comments), unidentified grandparents, unidentified cousins
Aliases: Priestess of Hate, Adrienne Hatros, High Priestess of the Cult of Hatred, High Priestess of Darkness, Death Priestess
Base of Operations: New York City, New York, USA;
formerly Shriver Cover, Massachussets, USA; San Francisco, California, USA; western coast of Africa
First Appearance: Shanna the She-Devil I#5 (August, 1973)
Powers/Abilities: Possessing chalk-white skin and a vampiric appearance including prominent and sharp canine teeth, Nekra possessed the ability to channel her extreme emotional states, particularly the feeling of hatred, to enhance her own physical strength and durability, both increasing the more hatred she feels. The upper limits of Nekra's strength were once listed at the ability to lift ten tons but Nekra has also held her own against the ionic-powered Wonder Man. The greater her hate, the greater her invulnerability, making her bulletproof, impervious to pain, electric shock, flame and extremes in temperature, but her powers faded completely when she was no longer experiencing these heights of emotions and she had been easily defeated while calm. She seemed particularly susceptible to drugs and chemical compounds including those of Spider-Woman and Mandrill. When her powers were briefly enhanced by Mikaboshi, she could send waves of hatred outward to affect others.
Nekra had studied with African tribes, as well as Black Talon, and she utilized her mystical training to perform complex spells, some of them voodoo in nature. She raised the dead more than once and once gave the undead Grim Reaper the power to stay alive by draining the life forces of others. Nekra had also utilized science in her schemes, including the poisoning of a town's water supply using a chemical compound that blocked her from being manipulated by pheromones, and using brain-washing technology. She had in the past commanded armies in the form of Black Spectre and the Cult of Kâli.
Nekra was a trained unarmed combatant.
Eyes: Black
(Daredevil I#110 (fb)/Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 (fb) - BTS) – In 1944 (see comments), a black woman, Gemma Sinclair, was working as a janitor at a nuclear testing facility (the Los Alamos Atomic Proving Grounds) in New Mexico and she absorbed nuclear radiation during an explosion, altering her genetic structure. A white employee affected by the same explosion later fathered a child who turned into the monstrous Mandrill. The woman and her husband Buck soon had a daughter, Nekra, and they were disturbed by her albino skin, tufts of black body hair and fangs.
(Daredevil I#110 (fb)) – Nekra grew up ridiculed by her black peers for having white skin. At age ten, she ran away into the desert and met Mandrill, who had been abandoned by his parents there. She offered him water and the two became fast friends, fending for each other and working together to survive. They spent six years educating themselves by listening to lessons from outside school windows and reading books.
(Daredevil I#110/All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z I#9 (fb) – BTS) – When Nekra and Mandrill were both 16, they were near a schoolhouse in Missouri when a group of angry civilians attacked them. Feeling tremendous hate for their assailants, Nekra's powers manifested when a man tried stabbing her with a pitchfork and she realized she had super strength and invulnerability when she wasn't hurt. They defeated the men, killing all of them, and Mandrill began to plot ways to change the world.
(All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z I#9 (fb) – BTS) – Mandrill and Nekra moved to western Africa, where they planned to create an enlightened utopia by using their powers to overthrow the governments of several African nations.
(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 (fb) – BTS) – Mandrill built an army full of black women, all loyal to him because of his powers, and Nekra helped train them. At some point, Nekra realized her loyalty to Mandrill was based in part on his pheromone powers.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#12 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra spent time learning mystic rituals among the west African tribes, where Mandrill had built his base of power.
(Shanna the She-Devil I#5) – After Mandrill was captured by Shanna the She-Devil, Nekra, the Priestess of Darkness, stood in front of the Mandrill's temple, screaming of hate before the female army, all who had their faces painted and tattooed like the Mandrill. She absorbed the hate, showing her invulnerability by walking on fire and her strength by ripping apart a straw man, stating it represented all they hated. She planned to use the army to destroy Shanna and free Mandrill. Nekra drew out Shanna by setting fire to the home of Patrick McShane. Shanna attacked with her leopards Ini and Bira, saved McShane, then fought Nekra, struggling against her invulnerability before finally choking Nekra unconscious.
(Daredevil I#111 (fb)) – Shanna tied up Nekra and questioned her but Nekra refused to give up any intel. As Shanna went for help, Nekra was left under the watch of McShane. She escaped, killing McShane with her bare hands before she fled.
(Daredevil I#109) – In San Francisco, Nekra attacked Black Widow, taunting her and showing off in an attempt to get the heroine to join up with Black Spectre. Nekra easily knocked out Widow then took her aboard the waiting nearby ship.
(Marvel Two-In-One I#3) – Nekra, with Black Spectre, infiltrated an American play and mechanically hypnotized two of the actors, dressed as Hitler and Captain America, into hating then killing each other. Daredevil and the Thing attacked their ship and Nekra fought them as they landed back at the Mandrill's temple, where Black Widow was under Nekra's control. Daredevil was knocked out and Nekra controlled the Thing. She ordered both heroes aboard the ship, which was set to crash and kill them but they escaped.
(Daredevil I#110) – From her headquarters with Black Widow, Nekra saw that two Black Spectre agents had blown themselves up after being captured by Daredevil and the police. She delivered the good news to Mandrill, who went off to face Daredevil on his own, as Black Widow had revealed his true identity as Matt Murdock.
(Daredevil I#111) – Nekra attacked the office of "Foggy" Nelson with Black Spectre agents. As Nekra shouted at him, Silver Samurai kidnapped Shanna and Nekra knocked Daredevil unconscious.
(Daredevil I#112) – Nekra attacked Daredevil on the hanging ladder underneath Mandrill's zeppelin. Daredevil managed to sneak past her to fight Mandrill but Nekra soon knocked the hero out. She learned that communications had been shut down across the nation, the super hero teams were being held off with threats of nuclear bombs, and Mandrill planned to invade Washington D.C. while the country was in a state of confusion. Mandrill had Shanna and Daredevil bound, planning on doing brain surgery on them, and left Black Widow to guard them. Nekra and Mandrill dropped a huge Mandrill statue in front of the White House then led Black Spectre to attack. Mandrill and Nekra next entered the Oval Office. Black Widow came to her senses, freed Shanna and Daredevil, then equipped them with jet-packs, and they attacked. When the zeppelin exploded and Mandrill was believed dead, Nekra was distracted and lost her invulnerability, allowing Black Widow to knock her out.
(Spider-Woman I#15 (fb)) – Nekra spent months in S.H.I.E.L.D. custody, drugged to block her powers while they kept her watching television. When the Hate-Monger broadcast emotions over the television, it restored Nekra's mind and powers. Nekra escaped and laid low for a time until she came across the Cult of Kâli. She offered herself as a sacrifice then proved invulnerable. Claiming to be Kâli restored, she had the other priestesses sacrificed to show their loyalty. Taking over the Cult, she decided she wanted to research hate itself.
(Spider-Woman I#15 (fb)/Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra murdered the wealthy, reclusive widow Adrienne Hatros, who had been married to a famous mental health clinician. Stealing her identity, she set up the Hatros Institute for Emotional Research in San Francisco. There, she helped the Cult of Kâli perform regular sacrifices.
(Vision and the Scarlet Witch II#12 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra spent time learning mystic rituals from the Cult of Kâli.
(Spider-Woman I#13) – Jessica Drew heard news about murdered victims being found in ritualistic slayings then she heard about the revolutionary therapy techniques being used at the Hatros Institute for Emotional Research. Drew went there, wanting to work through her own trauma, and she signed up for an introductory session with Dr. Leaman. He told her that the original Dr. Hatros (secretly Nekra herself) started the clinic years before and they had been making major breakthroughs in emotion-therapy. Leaman started by taking electronic readings of Drew's psychological reactions to various stimuli and they had her open up in group therapy. Leaman wanted to treat Drew, who couldn't afford it, so he offered her a receptionist job there in exchange for her treatment costs. Dr. Hatros fired the current receptionist and looked forward to seeing the results of the experiments on Drew, who Hatros figured could unlock the key to all emotion. Weeks later, during which Drew had been working and participating in therapy, she was present when the Shroud attacked, and, as Spider-Woman, fought back. Spider-Woman and Shroud soon found themselves surrounded by men in purple robes and turbans with knives, members of the Cult of Kâli.
(Spider-Woman I#14) – Spider-Woman and Shroud chased off the members of the Cult of Kâli. Later, after Jessica reported the invasion to the police, she attended another therapy group, with group leader Norma, in which she befriended Lindsey McCabe. Nekra continued to watch, fascinated by Jessica's emotional-manipulation powers, wondering how she could harness that for herself.
(Spider-Woman I#16 (fb) – BTS) – S.H.I.E.L.D. agents Cochran and Huff investigated the Cult robbery at the Hatros Institute and Nekra had them kidnapped and sacrificed to Kâli.
(Spider-Woman I#15) – S.H.I.E.L.D. agents Jerry Hunt and Laura Brown questioned Dr. Leaman at the Hatros Institute but he reported that Dr. Hatros was out of town on business. Nekra watched from the shadows and called Armand, saying she had more agents for that night's ritual. That evening, Nekra stood in robes over the two unconscious agents, as she had before with others, and chanted to Kâli as she prepared to kill them with a knife in front of 25 cultists. Spider-Woman and Shroud attacked, defeating the agents. Nekra narrowly escaped and was furious, planning revenge on Spider-Woman, whose true identity she now knew.
(Spider-Woman I#16) – When Jessica arrived at work, she found Ms. Florio tending to the receptionist job and Dr. Leaman showed her back for treatment with a specialist, Dr. Morgan Sachs, who soon realized Jessica gave off pheromones that altered moods and that some humans were responding with attraction (some men) or repulsion (some men and women). Jessica dressed up to attend a party at the home of Adrienne Hatros, who she had never met. Once there, she found Nekra waiting and Nekra revealed that Jessica's pheromone powers had inspired loyalty in her, and she realized that if she could overcome Jessica, she could also overcome Mandrill. Nekra, having taken pills, rejoiced that she was blocking the pheromones. Jessica changed to Spider-Woman and savagely fought Nekra. Nekra's powers kept increasing until the pills wore off then she weakened, susceptible to Jessica's powers once again. Jessica lost control and beat Nekra until she was in a coma.
(Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 – BTS) – Nekra spent months in a coma, in S.H.I.E.L.D. custody, expected to make a full recovery.
(Spider-Woman I#50 (fb) – BTS) – Locksmith, working with Ticktock, captured many of Spider-Woman's foes and put them in a specially-designed prison in cells individualized to keep them contained. Among them was Nekra, now awake.
(Spder-Woman I#50) – Spider-Woman was brought to the jail. Working with Tigra, she caused a jailbreak and Nekra escaped.
(West Coast Avengers II#2 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra fell in love with the Grim Reaper. He soon formed a new Lethal Legion alongside Nekra to help him in his plots to get revenge on the Avengers, recruiting Man-Ape, Black Talon, Goliath and Ultron-12.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#12 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra spent months studying alongside Black Talon, learning the dark arts.
(West Coast Avengers I#1 – BTS) – Nekra and the Lethal Legion battled the Avengers, and apprehended Wonder Man and Hank Pym.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#1) – Nekra was frustrated with Black Talon's failure to capture the Vision with his zombie hordes. While Scarlet Witch was briefly captured, Nekra went to look for Vision and saw Starfox looking for him. Nekra went with Black Talon to the cemetary, where she danced while he raised more dead then they returned to Grim Reaper, who Nekra greeted with a kiss. Vision and Scarlet Witch attacked and Nekra battled both before Vision threatened the corpse of Brady Kent, prompting Grim Reaper to take the Lethal Legion away peacefully.
(West Coast Avengers II#2) – Nekra tightly hugged the Grim Reaper, who she kept calling her love (and comparing him to a "mandrill in her jungle"), while the Lethal Legion stood by. Grim Reaper held Wonder Man and Hank Pym hostage and he considered Wonder Man a copy of his real brother, whose brain patterns had been used in the creation of the Vision. When Grim Reaper yelled racist epithets at Man-Ape, Nekra reminded him that she was black but he kissed her, saying she was the purest white he had ever seen.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#2) – Ultron-12 captured the west coast Avengers team, with Vision and Scarlet Witch, and brought them to Grim Reaper, who had prepared another man's corpse to be the recipient of Wonder Man's mind. Mockingbird attacked, freeing the heroes, who attacked. Tigra and Pym fought with Nekra in her new red costume and Nekra tossed them aside and escaped. Grim Reaper fell to his death during the fight.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#12 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra found Grim Reaper's corpse and hid him from the Avengers. She placed him in the tunnels of Subterranea, ruled by the Mole Man.
(Vision and Scarlet Witch II#12) – After careful preparation, Nekra cast a spell, raising Grim Reaper as a zombie, though he slowly transformed from zombie to fully human after. Grim Reaper, disoriented and feeling as if his death had been a dream, was shown the Wonder Man corpse lookalike, who Nekra identified as a paid mob assassin named Brady Kent, and she used her magics to restore his life. Brady, Reaper and Nekra robbed weapons from Bernie's Sporting Goods and Nekra seemingly killed Bernie when he shot at her. The trio then went to the local hospital, where they planned to attack Vision and Scarlet Witch. They were attacked by Wonder Man and Magneto and during the battle, Nekra was hit in the face by Magneto wielding Reaper's scythe. When Wonder Man realized the two men were zombies, Nekra furiously attacked him, angry with the exposure, and her strength matched Wonder Man's as her hatred increased. Grim Reaper, furious over being lied to, kissed Nekra and her powers vanished as she faced the man she loved. He then stabbed her in the abdomen, defeating her and dying after she could no longer maintain the spells.
(Web of Spider-Man I#46 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra preserved Grim Reaper's corpse in stasis, vowing to find a way to revive him again. After healing, she relocated to Shriver Cove, Massachussets and adopted the alias of Hatros again, setting up another emotional research institute. Using skills she learned in Africa, she developed a compound to add to the water supply that would make the locals more susceptible to hypnosis and suggestion. She then began performing rituals on those who came into the clinic, making them more susceptible to hate. She planned to turn the entire town into a hate cult over time. Word of strange attacks from civilians over hate began to spread and those impacted included Elwood.
(Web of Spider-Man I#46) – Peter Parker arrived in Shriver Cove on his book tour and civilian Dan attacked, furious to see an outsider, but Dan was arrested. Jeff Wainwright showed Peter around the town and checked him into the local hotel but that night Peter was awakened when a mob blew up his car. He rushed outside as Spider-Man and others ransacked his room while he was out. The next morning, Parker did an interview on Cape Cod Today with Jeanette Latour, another of the Hatros patients, along with her assistant Carolyn. Jeff returned to the clinic for treatment and Peter began to get suspicious when secretary Katie wouldn't let him inside. As Spidey, he saw them dancing a ritual around Jeff then he heard them talk about the water supply. Evading guards, Spider-Man called Hank Pym for help and Pym soon arrived in his airship. As Pym was testing the water supply and developing an antidote, the locals subdued him and brought him to Nekra and she immediately recognized him as the one ultimately responsible for the creation of the Vision, whose creation had hurt her beloved Grim Reaper so badly. Spider-Man attacked and worked with Pym to fight the brainwashed civilians and Nekra, who they briefly managed to contain with a metal device. When the heroes used an antidote on the brainwashed, Nekra grabbed Grim Reaper's stasis unit and fled in a ship, getting away.
(Alpha Flight I#79) – After the Super Human Registration Act passed in the United States, Nekra passed through the Canadian border in Minnesota, stating the reason for her visit was pleasure. She did not realize that she was being drawn to Canada by a spell from the Llan the Sorcerer and she went shopping in Winnipeg, wondering what she was doing there. Vindicator (Heather McNeil) attacked Nekra, who fought back and ended up getting dropped ten stories to the ground, though she knew her invulnerability would save her.
(Alpha Flight I#80) – Nekra fell to the ground and renewed her fight with Vindicator. The fight grew more complicated as Scorpion, Owl and Asp arrived to help Nekra, and Diamond Lil, Box, Sasquatch (all of Alpha Flight) and Gamma Flight arrived to help Vindicator. Nekra kept fighting until Witchfire of Gamma Flight cancelled the Sorcerer's spells and Nekra and the other villains fell unconscious.
(Avengers Spotlight I#29/2) – Apprehended, Nekra was transferred to the Vault alongside many other criminals.
(Avengers GN: Deathtrap: The Vault) – When Venom staged a breakout at the Vault with a large bomb planted, many villains sought to escape but Nekra made out with Mr. Hyde instead. Members of the Avengers and Freedom Force attacked with She-Hulk and Blob beating on Nekra, demanding intel on the bomb. In the end, the bomb was defused and the Avengers forced Mentallo to mentally convince the villains to surrender and return to their cells.
(Avengers West Coast I#65 (fb) – BTS) – Out of jail, Nekra spent months learning more of the Black Talon's rituals so that she could revive the Grim Reaper. She found a particular ritual that would bring him back to life but he would have to take one human life every 24 hours.
(Avengers West Coast I#65) – At a cemetery, Nekra revived Grim Reaper but he was angry, wishing he had just stayed dead. As a civilian approached, she encouraged him to take that man's life as his first sacrifice but Grim Reaper chose to kill Nekra instead, killing her to preserve his own life. She fell, having been stabbed through the abdomen with his scythe.
(Druid I#4 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra was imprisoned in the pits of Hell. When Son of Satan/Daimon Hellstrom realized Dr. Druid was achieving too much power, he chose to resurrect Nekra. Hellstrom then tasked Nekra with seeking out Druid to determine how powerful he was and if he was unstable. He gave her orders to defuse him if necessary.
(Druid I#2 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra established a new Cult of Kâli church in California, where she considered herself the Death Priestess. She changed her appearance, wearing golden hoops, nose rings, bracelets, chains and crowns. Nekra and the Cult began collecting the corpses of robbers, murderers and rapists, planning to reanimate them for amusement. When the corpses were stolen from her, Nekra questioned mystics and learned the culprits were the Second Assembly, a branch of the Dry Academy, a Siberian cult that practiced cannibalism of the mystical and insane in order to absorb their knowledge. Nekra learned they planned to use the corpses to build a new god to worship.
(Druid I#2) – At Parnell's Ruin bar, Hemingway recognized the perfume Nekra was wearing, "Kâli's Breath," and he flirted with her. She warned him that she was trouble but he invited her to meet his boss Dr. Druid, who was using the name Ludgate. Nekra told him of the Second Assembly and Ludgate sent Hemingway and his aides Baby Icon and Redeyes to look for intel.
(Druid I#3) – Nekra, recognizing Ludgate as an authority figure, told him more of the Dry Academy. Ludgate went after the Second Assembly himself. He returned, saying that the Second Assembly and the corpses had been destroyed but he now planned to go after the Dry Academy in Siberia. Ludgate pulled Nekra in for a private council.
(Druid I#4 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra seduced Druid, knowing that loving a witch was his "Geis," an act that would negate his powers.
(Druid I#4) – Druid sacrificed Hemingway in order to regain his powers then he lashed out around him. Nekra shot him several times and a spell showed her as a reanimated corpse. Hellstorm revealed himself and killed Druid.
(Witches I#1) – When the Tome of Zhered-Na was opened, releasing the creature Hellphyr into the world, Nekra sensed powerful magic and smiled.
(Marvel Knights: Spider-Man I#6) – Back in her classic costume, Nekra attended the auction of the Venom suit held by Eddie Brock.
(Underworld I#4-5) – Nekra, wearing a costume with a plunging neckline, was part of the army sent by Owl's agent Mr. Pain against Underworld but Underworld escaped.
(Loners I#1) – Ricochet, Spider-Woman (Mattie Franklin) and Darkhawk found a clinic that creating Mutant Growth Hormone. Inside, they found Nekra, who was being paid to give her blood. Weakened, she attacked them and the heroes took her out with a blast from Darkhawk's crystal. Spider-Woman looked her up in the villain index and read about Nekra's mutant ability to produce "neo-adrenaline," which increased her strength when she grew more emotional.
(Loners I#2) – Nekra was transferred to S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.
(Loners I#4) – Nekra tracked down the support group meeting that Ricochet, Darkhawk, Spider-Woman, Turbo, Green Goblin (Phil Urich) and Lightspeed were attending and attacked.
(Londers I#5) – Nekra battled the six heroes, making short work of them and planning to majorly injure or kill some of them, but she was defeated by their new ally Red Ronin (Nomi) with a red energy blade through the chest.
(Dark Reign Files I#1 – BTS) – Quasimodo researched Nekra for Norman Osborn.
(Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia I#1 (fb) – BTS) – Hearing about the possibilities of a mutant utopia in San Francisco, Nekra went to investigate along with many others.
(Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia I#1) – When Humanity Now! tried passing laws that would forbid mutants to have more children, there were protests in San Francisco. As human rioters set the Castro on fire, Nekra, with Frenzy, argued with Angel, Bling!, Karma, Armor and Match of the X-Men about the lies of Utopia. Ms. Marvel (Karla Sofen) of the Avengers arrived and hit Nekra with a blast to quiet her. Soon, many mutants were being arrested.
(Uncanny X-Men I#513) – Ms. Marvel hit Nekra with another blast. The riots continued.
(Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Exodus I#1) – Bling!, Frenzy and Nekra took the fight back to Ms. Marvel with Nekra kicking her in the head during the fight. Soon, the Dark Avengers and Humanity Now! were defeated.
(Uncanny X-Men I#528) – Enraged at a display at the Museum of Modern Art, Nekra and Frenzy went to destroy the display. Dazzler and Northstar of the X-Men swiftly defeated them.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#1 (fb)) – Grim Reaper assembled a new Lethal Legion including Nekra, Grey Gargoyle, Tiger Shark, Mr. Hyde and Absorbing Man, in order to get revenge on Norman Osborn.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#1 (fb) – BTS) – The Lethal Legion went on a crime spree and were very successful until Wonder Man joined the team. They all assumed that Nekra was there just to please Grim Reaper.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#2 (fb)) – Nekra was present when Wonder Man proposed the team tone down the violence and focus on kidnapping Osborn. The villains were upset and Absorbing Man quit the team. The heroes attacked Avengers Tower and the Dark Avengers fought back.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#1 (fb)) – The Lethal Legion went to war with the Dark Avengers and Nekra herself attacked Ms. Marvel/Moonstone.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#2 (fb)) – Nekra was punching Marvel Boy while Wonder Man kidnapped Iron Patriot/Osborn.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#3 (fb)) – When Grim Reaper learned that Nekra and Mr. Hyde had had sex once years before, he was furious and attacked Hyde with Wonder Man's help. Nekra chose not to step in, wanting Hyde to learn a lesson. Osborn escaped and returned with the Dark Avengers and the Lethal Legion were swiftly defeated.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#2) – In prison, Nekra (her skin color normal, presumably due to her powers being blocked) cried in her cell after getting word that the Grim Reaper had died, stabbed in a prison fight.
(Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#3) – Nekra was annoyed when she learned how Hyde had spoken ill of her. She interviewed with Mr. Livingston about recent events. She admitted that she had forgiven the Grim Reaper time and again because she believed he loved her, and that he hadn't been himself when he'd killed her before. She was content to be in prison for now and relieved the Lethal Legion had disbanded.
(Heroic Age: X-Men I#1 – BTS) – Captain America wrote about Nekra in his Heroic Age report.
(Chaos War: Dead Avengers I#2 (fb) – BTS) – Nekra remained in love with Grim Reaper, inspired by his intense hatred and drive. When Reaper sensed that Mikaboshi was about to infect the world, he made a deal with the god, receiving enhanced power and influence and agreeing to fight the Avengers. Nekra remained at his side.
(Chaos War: Dead Avengers I#1) – While the world's heroes were sleeping due to a spell from Mikaboshi, several deceased heroes were deposited on Earth including a group of Avengers (Dr. Druid, Yellowjacket/Rita Demara, Vision, Deathcry, Captain Marvel/Mar-Vell and Swordsman/Jacques Duquesnes). Nekra and Grim Reaper, with a group of followers including demons, prepared to attack.
(Chaos War: Dead Avengers I#2) – Nekra and Grim Reaper, with their men, tried breaking through the barrier around the revived Avengers. In his astral form, Dr. Druid confronted Nekra and his spirit kissed her as she rejoiced in the hatred but she was furious when Druid revealed he stood with the Avengers against her. She lashed out with a wave of hatred that incapacitated Druid for a time. As the Avengers collapsed a building on Grim Reaper's crew, Nekra battled Deathcry. Captain Marvel blasted Nekra aside then Grim Reaper killed Mar-Vell once more.
(Chaos War: Dead Avengers I#3) – Nekra marshalled her followers into a final attack, calling for death to the Avengers. Nekra burst through into the Olympus Group building, where the living Avengers remained asleep. She fought Dr. Druid (who had shaken off the effects of her hatred) but he was soon struck down by Grim Reaper. Nekra then fought Deathcry, who was now calling herself Lifecry. As the battle concluded, Nekra collapsed, weak, and she called out for help from the Grim Reaper but he walked away, leaving her there.
SECRET WARS III HAPPENED
(Power Man and Iron Fist III#4 (fb)) – Jennie Royce was placed as Nekra's cell-mate in jail. When Jennie confided in Black Mariah about feeling week all the time, Nekra hinted that she could get them access to real power.
(Power Man and Iron Fist III#2 (fb)) – Jennie learned about the Supersoul Stone artifact and learned the incantations from Nekra necessary to access it.
(Savage Avengers I#14) - Nekra was at the Bar With No Name.
(Savage Avengers I#16) - Nekra was at the Bar With No Name, partying with Conan the Barbarian.
(Sabetooth IV#3 (fb) - BTS) - After moving to the mutant island of Krakoa, Nekra formed a close friendship with Oya and Bling!.
(Sabretooth IV#5 (fb) - BTS) - Nekra settled into a section of Krakoa on the bay and called it Nanny's Cove, after Nanny and the Maroons, slaves legendary for fighting back against their oppressers. They kept a boat there.
(Sabretooth IV#4 (fb) - BTS) - When pirates attacked Krakoa, there to harm mutants, Nekra and Oya killed the men. They were later apprehended by the ruling council for breaking the law.
(Sabretooth IV#2 (fb)) - Nekra and Oya were taken along with Madison Jeffries, Third Eye, and Melter before Magneto and Professor X of the Quiet Council, who sentenced them to the Pit for their crimes.
(Sabretooth IV#1) - Nekra and the others arrived in the Pit and found themselves in a version of Hell with Sabretooth, the Pit's first prisoner, as the ruler of Hell.
(Sabretooth IV#2) - Sabretooth tortured Nekra and the others in his Hell, and Nekra began to realize that Xavier didn't know what was happening on the surface. Nekra and the others fought Sabretooth until Third Eye helped them realize this was all happening in their minds. Sabretooth changed the location to a cell, and Nekra confessed she'd killed some men on purpose. Sabretooth announced he had a plan to get revenge on those who'd sentenced him.
(Sabretooth IV#3) - During a mock jailbreak, Sabretooth showed Nekra and the others how to manifest themselves on the surface of Krakoa in rock and sand, and he sent them to recruit his allies to help them escape. Nekra and Oya were sent to find Scrambler. On the surface, Nekra opened up to Oya about how one of her heroes was Thomas Paine, then the two went to Bling! instead, learning she'd been looking for them, assuming they had died, and they informed her they had been sentenced in a secret court and sent to the Pit. Soon, Melter's powers activated in the Pit and nearly killed the bodies of Nekra and the others.
(Sabretooth IV#4) - Nekra and the others were saved by Third Eye, then they joined Sabretooth for a meal in his mind, where they had a conversation about their parents, and Nekra shared how she had chosen to leave the bad memories of her parents behind and instead focus on the happier memories of her grandparents and cousins.
(Sabretooth IV#5) - After Sabretooth escaped the Pit, Nekra and the others had a consultation with Cypher and Warlock, who agreed to free them if they went after Sabretooth. They reluctantly allowed Nanny, Orphan-Maker, and Toad, new Pit prisoners, to join them. As they sailed away from Krakoa, Nekra told Oya they would never return.
Comments: Created by Steve Gerber (writer), Ross Andru (penciler) and Vince Colletta (inker).
Nekra received entries in Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8, All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z I#9 and various Marvel Encyclopedias including Fantastic Four, Marvel Knights and Spider-Man.
While her birth year is listed as 1944, due to Marvel's sliding time scale, this remains subject to the interpretations of the writer.
Nekra and Mandrill are maybe my favorite Marvel villains ever.
Buck and Gemma Sinclair's real names were revealed in Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8, in the Nekra entry.
Death Reaper, who teamed up with Zodiac in Dark Reign: Zodiac#1-3, claimed that Nekra was her mother but that she didn't know who her father was.
Profile by Chadman.
Nekra has no known connections to:
any other "Nekra" characters
Buck & Gemma Sinclair
(Daredevil I#110 (fb)/Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 (fb) - BTS) – In 1944 (see comments), a black woman, Gemma Sinclair, was working as a janitor at a nuclear testing facility (the Los Alamos Atomic Proving Grounds) in New Mexico and she absorbed nuclear radiation during an explosion, altering her genetic structure The woman and her husband Buck, soon had a daughter, Nekra, and they were disturbed by her albino skin, tufts of black body hair and fangs. In time, Nekra ran away.
--Daredevil I#110 (Daredevil I#110 (fb), Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe I#8 (fb) – BTS,
Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z HC Vol. 8, p58, Nekra entry main image (main)
Shanna the She-Devil I#5, p12, pan7 (face)
Shanna the She-Devil I#5, cover (fighting Shanna)
Shanna the She-Devil I#5, p10, pan1 (with female army)
West Coast Avengers II#2, p15, pan1 (Nekra with Grim Reaper)
Web of Spider-Man I#46, cover (red costume)
Druid I#2, p4, pan4 (Death Priestess costume)
Underworld I#4, p22, pan1 (surrounded by glowing energy)
Daredevil I#110, p12, pan1 (Nekra's parents)
Shanna the She-Devil I#5 (August, 1973) – Steve Gerber (writer), Ross Andru (penciler), Vince Colletta (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Daredevil I#109 (April, 1974) – Steve Gerber (writer), Bob Brown (penciler), Don Heck (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Marvel Two-In-One I#3 (May, 1974) – Steve Gerber (writer), Sal Buscema (penciler), Joe Sinnott (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Daredevil I#110 (May, 1974) – Steve Gerber (writer), Gene Colan (penciler), Frank Chiarmonte (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Daredevil I#111 (June, 1974) – Steve Gerber (writer), Bob Brown (penciler), Jim Mooney (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Daredevil I#112 (July, 1974) – Steve Gerber (writer), Gene Colan (penciler), Frank Giacoia (inker), Roy Thomas (editor)
Spider-Woman I#13-16 (April-July, 1979) - Mark Gruenwald (writer), Carmine Infantino (penciler), Al Gordon (inker), Roger Stern (editor)
Spider-Woman I#50 (June, 1983) - Ann Nocenti (writer), Brian Postman (penciler), Sam Delarosa (inker), Mark Gruenwald (editor)
Vision and Scarlet Witch II#1 (October, 1985) - Steve Englehart (writer), Richard Howell (penciler), Andy Musyynsky (inker), Jim Salicrup (editor)
West Coast Avengers II#2 (November, 1985) – Steve Englehart (writer), Allen Milgrom (penciler). Kim DeMulder (inker), Mark Gruenwald (editor)
Vision and Scarlet Witch II#2 (November, 1985) – Steve Englehart (writer), Richard Howell (penciler), Andy Mushynsky (inker), Jim Salicrup (editor)
Vision and Scarlet Witch II#12 (September, 1986) – Steve Englehart (writer), Richard Howell (penciler), Frank Springer (inker), Jim Salicrup (editor)
Web of Spider-Man I#46 (January, 1989) – Richard Howell (writer/penciler), Keith Williams (inker), Jim Salicrup (editor)
Alpha Flight I#79 (December, 1989) – James D. Hudnall (writer), John Calimee (penciler), Mike Manley (inker), Carl Potts, Dan Fingeroth (editors)
Alpha Flight I#80 (January, 1990) – James D. Hudnall (writer), John Calimee (penciler), Mike Manley (inker), Danny Fingeroth (editor)
Avengers I#29/2 (February, 1990) – Dwayne McDuffie (writer), Dwayne Turner (penciler), Christopher Ivy (inker), Mark Gruenwald (editor)
Avengers GN: Deathtrap-The Vault (July, 1991) – Danny Fingeroth (writer), Ron Lim (penciler), Jim Sanders, Fred Fredericks (inkers), Kelly Corvese, Howard Mackie (editors)
Avengers West Coast I#65 (December, 1990) – Roy Thomas, Dann Thomas (writers), Paul Ryan (penciler), Danny Bulanadi (inker), Howard Mackie (editor)
Druid I#2-4 (June-August ,1995) – Warren Ellis (writer), Leonard Manco (artist), Marie Savins (editor)
Witches I#1 (August, 2004) – Brian Patrick Walsh (writer), Mike Deodato Jr (artist), Axel Alonso (editor)
Marvel Knights: Spider-Man I#6 (November, 2004) – Mark Millar (writer), Terry Dodson (penciler), Rachel Dodson (inker), Axel Alonso (editor)
Underworld I#4-5 (July-August, 2006) – Frank Tieri (writer), Staz Johnson (pencils), Tom Palmer (inker), Axel Alonso (editor)
Loners I#1-2,4-5 (June-July, September-October, 2007) – C.B. Cebulski (writer), Karl Moline (artist), Bill Rosemann (editor)
Dark Reign Files (April, 2009) – various writers
Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia I#1 (August, 2009) – Matt Fraction (writer), Marc Silvestri, Michael Broussard, Eric Basaldua, Tyler Kirkham, Sheldon Mitchell (pencilers), Joe Weems, Marco Galli, Rick Basaldua, Jason Gorder, Jay Leisten, Sal Regla, Jon Sibal, Ryan Winn (inkers), Nick Lowe (editor)
Uncanny X-Men I#513 (September, 2009) – Matt Fraction (writer), Terry Dodson (penciler), Rachel Dodson (inker), Nick Lowe (editor)
Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Exodus I#1 (November, 2009) – Matt Fraction (writer), Mike Deodato, Terry Dodson, Rachel Dodson (inkers), Nick Lowe (editor)
Dark Reign: Lethal Legion I#1-3 (August-November, 2009) – Frank Tieri (writer), Mateus Santoluoco (artist), Jeanine Schaefer (editor)
Uncanny Avengers I#528 (October, 2010) – Matt Fraction (writer), Whilce Portacio (penciler), Ed Tadeo (inker), Nick Lowe (editor)
Heroic Age: X-Men I#1 (February, 2011) – various writers
Chaos War: Dead Avengers I#1-3 (January-March, 2011) – Fred Van Lente (writer), Tom Grummett (penciler), Cory Hamscher (inker), Mark Paniccia (editor)
Power Man and Iron Fist III#2 (May, 2016) – David Walker (writer), Sanford Greene (artist), Jake Thomas (editor)
Power Man and Iron Fist III#4 (July, 2016) – David Walker (writer), Sanford Greene (artist), Jake Thomas (editor)
Savage Avengers I#14 (March, 2022) - Gerry Duggan (Writer), Patch Zircher (artist), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Savage Avengers I#16 (May, 2022) - Gerry Duggan (writer), Patrick Zircher (artist), Tom Brevoort (editor)
Sabretooth IV#1-5 (April-August, 2022) - Victor LaVelle (writer), Leonard Kirk (artist), Lauren Amaro (editor)
All other characters mentioned or pictured are ™ and © 1941-2099 Marvel Characters, Inc. All Rights Reserved. If you like this stuff, you should check out the real thing! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Subsets and Splits