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### User: The Nara Canal is a deepened delta channel of the Indus River in Sindh province, Pakistan. It was built as an excavated channel stemming off the left bank of the Indus River to join the course of the old Nara River. The canal runs from above the Sukkur Barrage through the districts of Khairpur, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Tharparkar to the Jamrao Canal. The Nara is the longest canal in Pakistan, running for about . It has a designed capacity of , but actually discharges . About of land are irrigated by this canal. Within the Khairpur District, the canal andits associated wetlands were made into the Nara Game Reserve in 1972. The Eastern Nara was an inundation canal with its source of supply from the foot of the Punjab Hills. After traversing Bahawalpur, it used to enter into the present Nara Canal a few miles downstream of its present head. In those days, the Indus River used to overflow in Bahawalpur and Sind Province above Rohri and the spillovers used to enter the Nara River. Bunds were constructed by the Bahawalpur state authorities to protect their lands against floods and spillovers, which reduced the flood intensities into the NaraRiver. Similarly, due to low flows in the Indus River in certain years, the Nara River did not get much water. Therefore, the Nara supply channel was excavated in 1858-59 to directly supply water from the Indus river. The supply channel was excavated by 2.5 feet in 1884-85 and by a further 3.5 feet in 1893. Chotiari Dam is located in the catchment area of the Nara Canal. The Nara Canal drains in to Shakoor Lake before overflowing into Kori Creek of the Great Rann of Kutch. This delta channel or river is known as the Puran River or the ### Assistant:
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### User: is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Kunisaki, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. It is located on the slopes of Mount Futago, the highest mountain on the Kunisaki Peninsula. The temple was established in 718 by Ninmon and became the central temple of Rokugō-Manzan (六郷満山). The temple precincts are a Prefectural Historic Site included within a Special Zone of the Setonaikai National Park. Treasures Seated wooden statue of Amida Nyorai (late Kamakura period) (Prefectural Cultural Property) Stone tō (Kamakura period) (Prefectural Cultural Property) Pair of wooden masks (1618, 1770) (Prefectural Cultural Property) Stone tō (Nanbokuchō/Muromachi period) (City Cultural Property) Stone tō (1468) (City ### Assistant:
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### User: Sarah Elizabeth Rafanelli (born June 7, 1972) is an American retired soccer forward and former member of the United States women's national soccer team. Early life Rafanelli was born in Santa Clara, California to parents, Mark and Pam Rafanelli and is the second of four sisters. She began playing soccer at age eight and played volleyball and tennis at the College Preparatory School in Oakland, joining the school's soccer team late in high school. Stanford University Rafanelli attended Stanford University from 1990–1993. During her senior year with the Stanford Cardinal, Rafanelli led the team to an 18–2–2 record and trip ### Assistant:
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### User: Liberman Cristhofer Agámez Urango (born ) is a Colombian male volleyball player who plays for Sporting CP. He was member of the Colombia men's national volleyball team (2005-2015). In 2017, he signed a contract with Sporting. Awards Individuals 2008 Greek Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2009 CEV Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2009 CEV Cup "Best Scorer" 2011 CEV Challenge Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2010 Greek Cup "Most Valuable Player" 2011 Turkish League "Best Scorer" 2012 Memorial Zdzisław Ambroziak "Best Spiker" 2013 Turkish League "Most Valuable Player" 2013 Turkish League "Best Scorer" 2015 FIVB World Cup – South American Qualification "Most Valuable ### Assistant:
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### User: More of That Guitar Country is the twenty-seventh studio album by US country musician Chet Atkins. It is a follow-up to his Guitar Country release and was more successful. His rendition of "Yakety Sax" by Boots Randolph earned Atkins a hit on the country singles charts. A mix of traditional fingerpicking, country-flavored pop and traditional country, the album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Country charts. More of That Guitar Country and "Yakety Axe" were nominated for four 1965 Grammy awards but did not win any. Reception In an Allmusic review, critic Richard S. Ginell wrote of the album"... one of Atkins' least-cluttered, mostly reined-in, and most musical albums of the mid-'60s, searching for good material wherever he can find it, even outside the cloistered world of Nashville." Reissues More of That Guitar Country and Guitar Country were reissued together on CD in 2001 on the Collectibles label. Track listing Side one "Yakety Axe" (Boots Randolph, James Rich) – 2:04 "Back Up and Push" (Traditional; arranged by Chet Atkins) – 2:13 "Cloudy and Cool" (John D. Loudermilk) – 2:19 "Alone and Forsaken" (Hank Williams) – 2:41 "Old Joe Clark" (Traditional; arranged by Chet Atkins) – 2:08 "Catch the ### Assistant:
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### User: Sydney Goldstein FRS (3 December 1903, Kingston upon Hull – 22 January 1989, Cambridge, MA) was a British mathematician noted for his contribution to fluid dynamics. He is described as: "... one of those who most influenced progress in fluid dynamics during the 20th century." He was especially known for his work on steady-flow laminar boundary-layer equations and on the turbulent resistance to rotation of a disk in a fluid. Goldstein was extremely knowledgeable on aerodynamics and his work had a significant impact in that area. Early life Goldstein went to school at Bede Collegiate School in Sunderland and wenton to the University of Leeds in 1921 where he studied mathematics but was to move to St John's College, Cambridge, graduating from the Mathematical Tripos in 1925 and gaining the Smith's Prize in 1927. He was awarded an Isaac Newton Studentship to continue research in applied mathematics under Harold Jeffreys. His 1928 PhD thesis was entitled The Theory And Application Of Mathieu Functions. Career He was appointed Rockefeller Research Fellow and spent a year working in University of Göttingen. In 1929 he became a fellow of St John's College but later the same year was appointed to a lectureshipin Mathematics at the University of Manchester. At Manchester the influence of Osborne Reynolds and Horace Lamb in fluid dynamics was still felt there and had a strong effect on Goldstein. Moving to Cambridge in 1931 he took over the editorship of Modern Developments in Fluid Dynamics on Lamb's death. During World War II Goldstein worked on boundary layer theory at the National Physical Laboratory and at the end of the war he was appointed to the Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics in Manchester. Goldstein strongly supported the State of Israel and in 1950 he accepted the chairmanship of thedepartment of mathematics at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. having made a major contribution to the establishment of the Technion he found the administrative load too heavy and moved again, accepting the chair of Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Mathematics at Harvard University in 1954. He retired in 1968 but continued as an emeritus professor at Harvard. Honours Mayhew Prize, 1925 Smith's Prize, 1927 Adams Prize, 1935 Fellow of the Royal Society, 1937 Worked at the Aerodynamics Division, National Physical Laboratory, 1939–45 Chairman, Aeronautical Research Council, 1946–49 Foreign Member, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters (Section for Sciences), ### Assistant:
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### User: Introduction Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center, also referred to as MSIAC, is a NATO project funded directly by its member nations, not all of which are NATO members. There are currently 15 member nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, Poland and Republic of Korea. History Pilot-Nato Insensitive Munition Information Center (Pilot-NIMIC) On May 26, 1988 the NATO nations France, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom and the United States based on a Memorandum of Understanding decided to create Pilot-NIMIC (NIMIC = NATO Insensitive Munitions Information Center). The organization was intended to assistnational and international programs to develop insensitive munitions (IM). The idea for NIMIC was born at the NATO AC/310 "Workshop on Insensitive Munitions Information Exchange" in 1986 and was actively supported by the Chairman of AC/310, IGA M. Thévenin and Principal US Member of AC/310, Dr. R. Derr. The founding of this organization was promoted by former NATO Group AC/310 (Safety and Suitability for Service of Munitions and Explosives) in an effort to support munitions developers located in NATO countries. The PILOT-NIMIC office was located at Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA. The initial teamcomprised a project manager and five technical specialists - basically the same structure MSIAC shows today (see below). Soon after its foundation Canada joined the project in late 1989. NIMIC Move to Brussels and Growth After its first successful two years of operation the project moved to NATO Headquarters Brussels and officially became NIMIC on May 1, 1991. Spain and Australia entered the project in 1994, Portugal and Italy became members in 1995. In 1998 Portugal decided to leave NIMIC. Denmark entered the project 1999 but left soon after in 2004. Merger of AC/258 and AC/310 and Transition to MSIAClate 2004 and MSIAC was officially operational on December 15, 2004. Germany finally entered the project in 2005. Belgium entered MSIAC in 2015, Poland - in 2017 and Republic of Korea - in 2018. Organization The MSIAC Project Office consists of a steering committee, National Focal Point Officers (NFPO) and an Information Analysis Center (MSIAC). The steering committee is made up of one voting representative from each member nation and an elected chairman. It is responsible for implementing the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that established MSIAC and for developing its policy. This policy is carried out on a day-to-day basis ### Assistant:
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### User: Per "Åke" Öberg, born 1937 in Härnösand, is a Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Linköping University, Sweden. Öberg received his M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1964 from Chalmers University of Technology and his Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering in 1971 from Uppsala University. In 1963-1972 he worked as a Research Associate at Uppsala University. He is since 1972 Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Linköping University. He is also active at the Linköping University Hospital. Öberg's research interests are in circulatory physiology, bio-optics, biomedical instrumentation, sensors and clinical engineering. He has published over 400 scientific papers and books in these areas. ÖbergMember of the Hungarian Academy of Engineering, 1994. Honorary Member of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, 1988 Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1987. Fernström Prize, Lund University, 1981 Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 1980. Erna Ebeling Prize, Swedish Society for Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1977 References Category:1937 births Category:Swedish engineers Category:Linköping University faculty Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Category:Chalmers University of Technology alumni Category:Uppsala University alumni Category:Living people Category:Medical physicists Category:Fellows of the American Institute for ### Assistant:
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### User: Archibald Clyde Roller (October 13, 1914 – October 16, 2005) was an American music professor, conductor, and oboist. Roller, a native of Rogersville, Missouri, received his musical education at the Eastman School of Music, graduating in 1941. Roller was the principal oboist with several orchestras: the Oklahoma City Symphony from 1937 to 1939, the Birmingham (Alabama) Symphony from 1940 to 1942, and the Tulsa Philharmonic. He conducted Dallas's Southern Methodist University Orchestra from 1947 to 1948, and from 1948 to 1962 was music director of the Amarillo Symphony Orchestra. He also guest conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra: Roller and ArthurFiedler swapped conducting roles on occasion as well, with Fiedler leading the Amarillo Symphony and Roller conducting the Boston Pops Orchestra. Returning to Eastman in 1963, he was ensembles professor at Eastman. For Mercury Records in 1963, he conducted the Eastman Wind Ensemble in Vittorio Giannini's Symphony No. 3 and Alan Hovhaness's Symphony No. 4. Roller served in similar positions at the University of Houston, University of Texas at Austin (from which he retired in 1979), Southern Methodist University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Michigan. He was a conductor and faculty member, teaching oboe, at the Interlochen Center for the Arts ### Assistant:
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### User: Nathan Armand Pacheco is an American tenor singer and songwriter of Brazilian origin. He was a featured vocalist during the 2009 tour for "Yanni Voices", produced by Walt Disney Records and is currently signed to the Disney Pearl Series sub-label. Biography After spending his youth in Northern Virginia and graduating from Oakton High School, Pacheco graduated from the music program of Brigham Young University, and also followed his love of culture and languages by continuing his education abroad in South America and Europe. Pacheco spent over two years in Brazil, being immersed in its culture and allowing its influence tocontribute to his musical development. He eventually traveled throughout Brazil, performing both classical as well as some of Brazil's cultural music. He also spent time in Italy, studying the language while performing with the Opera Festival of Lucca. In all of these adventures to different countries, he was relentless in his efforts to learn the languages. The result is his ability to speak and compose in English, Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish. Career After auditioning for producer Ric Wake, who then introduced him to Yanni, Pacheco began putting lyrics and additional music to some of Yanni's most famous works, such as"Adagio", "Tribute", "Almost a Whisper", "Enchantment", "Secret Vows" and "In the Mirror". Upon completion of the recordings with Yanni, Pacheco gained national attention as the featured performer in two PBS television specials, which have been broadcast throughout 2008 through 2010. Pacheco then joined Yanni and his orchestra as a featured performer on a 100 concert tour throughout Latin America, Canada and the United States. He has twice been a performer on the national broadcast of Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade on ABC - in 2010 (with Yanni) and 2011 (with Katherine Jenkins, only). In 2009, Pacheco relocated to Southern Californiaafter being signed to the Disney Pearl Series label and has been writing the songs that will make up his debut solo album. Pacheco has collaborated with many writers under the direction of producer/composer Leo - Z (Andrea Bocelli, Josh Groban). For his album, Pacheco recorded with the Philharmonia Orchestra in London at Air Studios. In 2011, Pacheco did the operatic bridge for the song "Let's Talk About Me" from The Muppets and performed in Chicago's Magnificent Mile Lights Festival Parade and the Philadelphia Thanksgiving Parade. He also performed at the British Embassy in Washington D.C. for H.R.H. Prince Charleshonoring British and American soldiers in May 2011. In 2012, Pacheco joined Welsh mezzo- soprano Katherine Jenkins and the National Symphony Orchestra as a special guest on her 28 date UK tour in January and February, with more shows to come in December in the UK. In March, he performed in front of the Washington Monument as part of the Centennial Celebration of the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington D.C. The PBS special Introducing Nathan Pacheco began airing on PBS stations throughout the United States on August 11, 2012. Pacheco released his self-titled debut album on September 18, 2012,and embarked on his first headlining tour in November 2012 with concerts in Chicago, Hartford, Fort Lauderdale, San Diego, Salt Lake City, and Washington, D.C. On July 24, 2013 Pacheco did a performance with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Pacheco is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and served a mission for the LDS Church in the Campinas Brazil Mission from 1999-2001 before attending BYU. On 10 February 2017 Pacheco released an album of religious music entitled Higher. Pacheco and his wife Katie are the parents of three children, two boys and a girl. ### Assistant:
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### User: Just Got Paid may refer to: "Just Got Paid" (Johnny Kemp song), 1988 "Just Got Paid" (Sigala song), 2018 "Just Got Paid", a song written by Billy Gibbons and Bill Ham which was recorded by ZZ Top for their 1972 album Rio Grande Mud The cover of "Just Got Paid", performed by Rapeman on the album Two Nuns and a Pack Mule The cover of "Just Got Paid", performed by Mastodon on the compilation album Covered, A Revolution in Sound The cover of "Just Got Paid", performed by UFO on the album The Salentino Cuts See also Just Got Paid, ### Assistant:
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### User: The Northern Woods and Water Route is a route through northern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Western Canada. As early as the 1950s community groups came together to establish a northern travel route; this was proposed as the Northern Yellowhead Transportation Route. The Northern Woods and Water Route Association was established in 1974, and encouraged promotion of the route with the promise of an increase in tourist travel. The route was designated in 1974 and is well signed throughout its component highways. The route starts at Dawson Creek as the Spirit River Highway and ends at the Perimeterof Winnipeg, Manitoba, after running through the northern regions of the western provinces. From west to east, the Northern Woods and Water Route (NWWR) incorporates portions of British Columbia Highway 49; Alberta Highways 49, 2A, 2, & 55; Saskatchewan Highways 55 & 9; Manitoba Provincial Road 283 and Trunk Highways 10, 5, 68 & 6. The halfway point of the NWWR is approximately at Goodsoil, Saskatchewan. Fur traders and early settlers utilised the rivers and Red River cart roads such as Long Trail until the early 20th century when the railroad and bush planes supplemented travel to this northern borealtransition area. Corduroy roads provided a means for early land vehicles to cross over muskeg and swamp. Horse drawn ploughs filled low areas, settlers hauled gravel and cleared bush for the road ways surveyed along high elevations following lake and river shore lines. Municipalities would grade and gravel roads providing transportation between trading centres. The all-weather road arrived alongside of the NWWR association's impetus for a travel and tourism corridor along the northern area of the western provinces. Traffic volume along the route is a major factor to determine highway classification, surface type, and construction upgrades. Route description British Columbiahad been active with fur trading posts and explorers in the area since 1741. Settlers would not only haul gravel for the new roadways, but they also cleared brush for the road allowance. Early roads did not follow the road allowances of the Dominion Land Survey, but rather kept to higher ground, however due to the nature of the Boreal transition ecoregion, muskegs and swamps still needed to be traversed. The first pioneers filled these watery areas with branches and brush and proceeded along their trip. Later corduroy roads were built across these areas were traffic got mired in themud. A corduroy road consisted of logs laid across the road as a rail tie is across the rail line, however the logs were placed one against another and mud filled between the logs for a smoother surface. One log provided about of roadway, so only the worst areas were constructed in this fashion. Debden, Saskatchewan had a horse and caboose taxi for settlers as early as 1912 providing regular trips to Prince Albert and taking children to school. In 1945, the taxi service was provided by automobile. Bush planes arrived in the 1920s to the northern bus areas providingand Water Route Association was established in 1974, their further promotion of the route was to increase tourist travel. George R. Stephenson (1916–2003), of McLennan was one of the first facilitators to organise the Northern Woods and Water Route across Western Canada in 1974. Henry Andres was chairman of the Northern Woods and Water Association for eight years wherein the association worked on placing NWWR signs both on provincial highways and maps. Brochures promoting tourism were printed, and the association sponsored more than five cavalcades where wagons would traverse the route between Winnipeg and Dawson Creek promoting tourism and thecreation of the travel corridor. On August 21, 1975, one of these Northern Woods and Water Cavalcades stopped at Nipawin Regional Park and toured Nipawin. Current engineering concerns would be to determine maintenance of the current travel corridor and construction upgrades. The route does contain a variety of road surfaces ranging from asphalt concrete, thin membrane surface (TMS), granular pavements and gravel highway. Insight into current surface texture, traffic volume, traffic speed, percentage of loaded trucks, climate variations, construction costs and time as well as available materials will affect upgrade procedures. The entire route is paved except for a Class4 gravel highway segment between Nipawin and the Manitoba border. Here the traffic volume declines to 80 and 85 vpd and two checkpoints near the Manitoba border. Major intersections See also Notes References Further reading The Northern Woods & Water Route : Highway Guide By Northern Woods and Water Route Association, Northern Woods and Water Route Association, Published by Victory Impressions, 1994, 35 pages A Study of the Inter-Provincial Northern Woods and Water Route: Phase 1 Published by Consortium 4, 1976 Canada By Andrea Schulte-Peevers Edition: 9, illustrated Published by Lonely Planet, 2005 . 912 pages - Page 530 Historic ### Assistant:
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### User: The Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area, commonly known as The Shoals, is a metropolitan statistical area in northwestern Alabama including the cities of Florence, Muscle Shoals, Tuscumbia, and Sheffield, and the counties of Lauderdale and Colbert. The population is around 200,000 and an additional 410,000 commute to the Shoals daily for work, school, shopping, and more according to a recent Shoals publication called "Four Cities, Four Cultures". It has also been known as the Tri-Cities and the Quad-Cities by locals. The area is home to University of North Alabama, located in Florence, and the birthplace of Helen Keller (Tuscumbia) and W.C. ### Assistant:
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### User: The Kaohsiung Martyrs' Shrine () is a martyrs' shrine in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. History Empire of Japan The site was originally established as Takao Kotohira Shrine during the Japanese rule of Taiwan in 1910 dedicated to Omononushi-no-Mikoto and Emperor Sutoku. In 1920, government of Takao Prefecture applied to the Taiwan Governor-General’s Office central government in Taihoku Prefecture for additional worshipping of Prince Yoshihisa and renamed the shrine as Takao Shrine. Republic of China In 1946 after the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China, the shrine was slightly renovated to make it as a martyrs' shrine.In 1972, Japan switch diplomatic relation from Republic of China to People's Republic of China, triggering an outcry and the demolition of the shrine. In 1973, Kaohsiung Mayor Wang Yu-yuin initiated the rebuilding of the shrine and it was completed in 1978 with the name Kaohsiung Martyrs' Shrine. The finished designed was modeled in comparison with National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine in Taipei, added the archive of revolution martyrs' historical artifacts and documents, VIP reception lounge and an office. To date, the Takao Shrine has been almost completely changed with only few remains of stone lanterns. In 2004, it received fundsfrom Council for Cultural Affairs. Architecture The main hall of the shrine assembles a traditional Chinese palace with double-hipped roof which is covered with golden glazed tiles. Sculpture of Gods and auspicious animals are placed on the roof ridge. Its structures are well decorated with colored paintings of Song dynasty characters. Around the shrine are cloisters made of cement and white artificial stones. In front of the shrine are the stairs made of andesite. Transportation The site is accessible within walking distance north of Sizihwan Station of Kaohsiung MRT. See also National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine Takao Shrine References External links ### Assistant:
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### User: The Nuremberg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system run by Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg (VAG; Nuremberg Transport Corporation), which itself is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg (VGN; Greater Nuremberg Transport Network). The Nuremberg U-Bahn is Germany's newest metro system, having begun operation in 1972. In 2008, driverless and fully automated trains were introduced on the new U3 line, making it Germany's first automatic U-Bahn line. The current network of the U-Bahn is composed of three lines, serving 48 stations, and comprising of operational route, making it the shortest of the four metro systems in Germany, behind Berlin, Hamburg and Munich.Its DT1 vehicles are largely the same design as the A cars found on the Munich U-Bahn, and both transport companies once lent each other trainsets as reserve rolling stock for major events (such as the Munich Olympics) at the time when both systems were quite new. Such swaps are now no longer possible, as the rolling stock on each system have developed in ways that would require modification for use on the other system. The newer Nuremberg trains (the DT3, for example) are incompatible with the Munich system. History Plans for a subway in Nuremberg go back to 1925,when Nuremberg graduate engineer Oscar Freytag spoke out in favor of building a subway under Fürther Straße. This was not to replace the parallel tram according to the then ideas, but complemented as a quick connection. In addition, it should be extended over the Plärrer along the Frauentorgraben to Nuremberg Central Station. At that time, however, the project failed because of the high technical complexity and the costs. The first real forerunners of a subway came in 1938 during the Nazi era, when the tram routes were buried under Allersberger Straße and Bayernstraße. These facilities, still in existence, were builtto not disturb the streetcar by the deployment columns of the SS barracks and the masses of visitors of the rallies held on the adjacent Nazi party rally grounds in their operations. Only after the Second World War and with the onset of the economic miracle and the increasing motorization of the population were new plans for an "underground tram" ("Unterpflasterstraßenbahn" - "sub pavement tram" in German) set up. The suggestion of the Ulm professor Max-Erich Feuchtinger to move the streetcar between Plärrer and main station under the earth, was rejected by the Nuremberg city council on 19 March 1958.In 1962, the city council commissioned the Stuttgart traffic scientist Professor Walther Lambert to prepare an opinion on the future of Nuremberg public transport. The "Lambert report" with the recommendation to build an underground tram ("subway-surface") was published in 1963, and so the city council voted on April 24, 1963 to go ahead and build such a system with the option of a later conversion to full metro. This would've been in line with contemporary Stadtbahn projects in Stuttgart, Hannover or the Ruhr area. On November 24, 1965, the city council reversed its decision of 1963 and decided to builda classic subway. This was preceded by a personal statement by Hans von Hanffstengel, head of the Nuremberg city planning office, on the opinion of Professor Lambert. Hanffstengel spoke out against the "temporary" solution of an underground tram and demanded the direct construction of a full underground. He was supported indirectly by the federal government, which offered a participation in the construction costs of 50%, and the then Bavarian Prime Minister Alfons Goppel, who assured the financial equality of the Nuremberg subway plans with those of the state capital. Other reasons brought forth at the time were the claimed necessityto close the entire line during a conversion (from street running to subway-surface) for a period of several years. Planning Initial considerations for a subway network already existed after the City Council decision of 1965, but concrete Grundnetz (starting or basic network) planning began only in the late 1960s after the adoption of the land-use plan of 1969. The first subway axis was at this time already under construction and thus included in all variants. It was to connect the newly emerging satellite town of Langwasser via the main station, the old town and the Plärrer with Fürth and followsadvantage of offering easy connections between all modes of transport (U-Bahn, S-Bahn, long distance trains and Buses at the ZOB). The main drawbacks would be a potential overburdening of the single interchange station (compare Châtelet–Les Halles in Paris) and the difficulty of tunneling in several levels (for the various lines) near the center of the historic old town. Further problems were identified with the Hauptbahnhof-Plärrer main trunk line. The lines would be as follows: U1: Langwasser – Hauptbahnhof (Main Railway Station) – Altstadt (Old Town) – Plärrer – Fürth U2: Flughafen (Airport) – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Opernhaus (Opera House)– Plärrer – Gebersdorf U3: Tiergarten (Zoo) – Hauptbahnhof – Opernhaus – Röthenbach U4: Thon – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Opernhaus – Plärrer – Wetzendorf The "Q" model is based on a new settlement axis between Nuremberg and Fürth along the Willstraße and new road tangents to be served by the U3 line. Positive effects are attributed to this network model for the development of the new settlement axis, negative could be the transfer links from the U3 to the city center and the supply of defective trains to the depots. The line network would look like this: U1: Langwasser– Aufseßplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Altstadt – Plärrer – Gostenhof – Fürth U2: Flughafen – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Steinbühl – Röthenbach U3: Tiergarten – Aufseßplatz – Steinbühl – Schlachthof – Gostenhof – St. Johannis – Rathenauplatz – Erlenstegen U4: Gebersdorf – Schlachthof – Gostenhof – St. Johannis – Wetzendorf In the model "R", the three main lines intersect in the points Aufseßplatz, Hauptbahnhof and Plärrer and thus correspond to a classic network concept, which was similarly applied in Munich among other cities. An advantage would be a uniform utilization and development potential of all lines, a possible disadvantage wouldbe unwanted settlement developments along the U3 north direction Thon and the U5 South direction Gartenstadt (urban sprawl). The lines would be as follows: U1: Langwasser – Aufseßplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Altstadt – Plärrer – Gostenhof – Fürth U2: Flughafen – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Plärrer – Gostenhof – Schlachthof – Röthenbach U3: Tiergarten – Aufseßplatz – Steinbühl – Plärrer – Gostenhof – St. Johannis – Thon U4: Erlenstegen – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Plärrer – Gostenhof – Schlachthof – Gebersdorf U5: Gartenstadt – Steinbühl – Plärrer – Gostenhof – St. Johannis – Wetzendorf In the model "S" all linesrun independently of each other and only intersect at the stations Aufseßplatz, Friedrich-Ebert-Platz, Hauptbahnhof, Rathenauplatz, Plärrer, Steinbühl and Schlachthof. The advantage is that there are no shared sections of the route and thus delays on one line would not induce delays on others. As a disadvantage, the frequent need to change trains would make few one-seat-rides possible and make a trip e.g. from Erlenstegen to Zerzabelshof need several changes. The lines would have been as follows in this model: U1: Langwasser – Aufseßplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Altstadt – Plärrer – Fürth U2: Flughafen – Rathenauplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Plärrer –Schlachthof – Röthenbach U3: Gebersdorf – Schlachthof – Steinbühl – Aufseßplatz – Tiergarten U4: Thon – Friedrich-Ebert-Platz – Plärrer – Steinbühl – Gartenstadt U5: Erlenstegen – Rathenauplatz – Friedrich-Ebert-Platz – Wetzendorf In the end, the model R turned out to be the most useful of the four models in terms of urban planning, operational engineering and development possibilities. It was slightly modified and formed the basis of the "Nuremberg General Transit Plan" (GNVP) adopted on September 8, 1971 by the City Council. The planned subway network should thereafter consist of the three main lines, out of which the lines U2and U3 should receive branching possibilities at the stations Friedrich-Ebert-Platz (direction Thon), Rathenauplatz (direction Erlenstegen), Steinbühl (direction Gartenstadt) and Schlachthof (direction Gebersdorf). U1: Langwasser – Aufseßplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Altstadt – Plärrer – Fürth (under construction) U2: Stein – Schlachthof – Plärrer – Hauptbahnhof – Rathenauplatz – Flughafen U3: Wetzendorf – Friedrich-Ebert-Platz – Plärrer – Steinbühl – Aufseßplatz – Tiergarten One point of criticism is the insufficient consideration of the territories incorporated into the GNVP on July 1, 1972 (when several suburbs were annexed into Nuremberg in the course of a Bavaria-wide redrawing of municipal boundaries), since subway planning wasonly slightly adapted to the new settlements. Construction On 20 March 1967, German transport minister Georg Leber and Nuremberg Oberbürgermeister ("Lord Mayor") Andreas Urschlechter (both SPD) had the honour of "striking the first blow" for the new metro. This was done in Bauernfeindstraße when they triggered the pile driver. On 1 March 1972, the first stretch of the system opened, U1 Langwasser Süd to Bauernfeindstraße. Over the next few years, further stretches of U1 were opened. Uniquely, the metro was built "from the outside in", starting in the rather outlying area of Langwasser before reaching the historical core and thecentral train station. On 28 January 1984, Nuremberg's second U-Bahn line, U2, went into service between Plärrer and Schweinau. This line, too, underwent further extensions, eventually even reaching the airport in 1999. Expansions of the subway were often accompanied with the closure of nearby tram lines, which was initially not opposed by most of the city's population. The original plans of the 1960s had called for the complete abandonment of the tram network if and when the subway was fully built out. However, in the 1990s a change of course became apparent and the decision to shut down the tramnetwork was officially reversed. Nonetheless, in the course of the construction of the northern branch of U3, further shutdowns of trams occurred along Pirckheimerstraße - however, the tracks are still operational for non-revenue movements of trams or in case of interruptions on the rest of the network. In 2004, 6 Munich A cars were bought by VAG to supplement its own rolling stock fleet. However, owing to the divergence in specifications between the Nuremberg and Munich systems, it turned out that the old Munich stock could not be coupled with Nuremberg stock. As a result, it was not possible tocompose trains using both types, although they can at least run on the same tracks. VAG left the Munich stock in its old white and blue Munich livery, reasoning that it was not worth repainting in Nuremberg livery, given that it was approaching the end of its service life. On 4 December 2004, a new section of U1 opened in Fürth, stretching from Stadthalle station to Klinikum station. On 8 December 2007, U1 was further extended to Fürth Hardhöhe. On 14 June 2008, the newest U-Bahn line, U3, opened for service. U3 extended in 2017 with Nordwestring being the latestGemeinschaftshaus. Also, ballast is still used on the inbound track, at the entrance to Schoppershof station (U2). U1 Fürth Hardhöhe ←→ Langwasser Süd Within Fürth there are seven U-Bahn stations: Stadtgrenze (partly within Nuremberg, partly within Fürth – indeed the station's name means "city boundary" – but assigned to and run by Nuremberg), Jakobinenstraße, Fürth Hauptbahnhof, Rathaus, Stadthalle, Klinikum and Hardhöhe. The planned extension to Kieselbühl is now in question, because the expected developments in this area are partially cancelled. U2 Nuremberg Airport ←→ Röthenbach In 1984, a new section on the line U2 named Plärrer–Schweinau began operation. At firstthe trains ran by day as line U21 (not to be confused with the current U21) by way of Weißer Turm and Lorenzkirche to Aufseßplatz or Langwasser Süd. Since 1988, the line has run as U2 by way of Opernhaus to Hauptbahnhof (Nuremberg Main Railway Station). After further extensions in 1990, 1993 and 1996, U2 reached its current terminus at the airport in 1999. In September 2009 the first driverless trains ran in passenger service on line U2. Four out of the eight trains in service on the line moved to automatic control, with the aim of full automation byJanuary 2010. As of 2018 automation of lines 2 and 3 is complete but it is not planned to automate line 1. U3 Gustav-Adolf-Straße ←→ Nordwestring The latest U-Bahn line, U3, was opened on 14 June 2008. This line uses the U2 tunnel between Rathenauplatz and Rothenburger Straße and diverts north of Rathenauplatz to the northwest and south of Rothenburger Straße to the southwest of Nuremberg. The U3 line has fully automatic operation without drivers. Each of the stations along U3 route has tubes resembling yellow fluorescent light tubes running the length of the platform. These tubes emit radar wavesline was extended from Maxfeld to Kaulbachplatz and Friedrich-Ebert-Platz stations on 11 December 2011. The further extension to Klinikum Nord and Nordwestring stations started service to the new terminus station on 22 May 2017. Further extensions towards Großreuth are under construction along the Southern end of the line and already shown with dashed lines or a lighter color on official schedules and network plans. Former services To increase passenger capacity on the central parts of the subway, additional trains were scheduled which reversed before the line terminus and ran through only the central areas of Nuremberg. Service on both ofthose routes were discontinued in May 2017, when an extension of the U3 line opened to Nordwestring and gone up into the main route. To reduce passenger confusion these trains were assigned a different line designation (line number): U11 Eberhardshof ↔ Messe U11 service ran on the U1 line between Eberhardshof and Messe most of the day, adding passenger capacity between Nuremberg main station, the car-free main shopping district and the Plärrer. U21 Röthenbach → Ziegelstein U21 trains ran only from Röthenbach to Ziegelstein on the U2. Since the single-track tunnel between Ziegelstein and Flughafen ("Airport") could only accommodate atrain frequency of 400 seconds at the time (or roughly one train every 6 minutes), only every second train during the day ran to the airport (Flughafen), while the other trains reversed at Ziegelstein. On the way back all trains were designated as U2 since they all run to Röthenbach, and therefore indicating whether trains originated from Ziegelstein or Flughafen was meaningless to passengers. Further extensions U1 Fürth Kieselbühl With the Fürth Hardhöhe station, the U1 has reached its provisional end point after 40 years. Whether the Fürth Kieselbühl station northwest of the Hardhöhe is still to be built dependsheavily on the financial power of the city of Fürth and on the development of this district. The area is designated in the land use plan as a commercial area. If the area were to be developed in the future, an extension of the subway could take place in connection with the construction of a park-and-ride facility. However, the city of Fürth has rejected various plans for developing the area currently filled with home supply and grocery stores. Nuremberg University With the decision in 2017 that Nuremberg should become a university city, policy planning for a metro station "University" wasdetermined. The subway stop is planned in the Brunecker Strasse industrial area, between the stations Hasenbuck and Bauernfeindstraße, where the university and the new Nuremberg Lichtenreuth district are planned. Branch Scharfreiterring Also in discussion is a possible branch of the subway from the station Scharfreiterring to Klinikum Nürnberg-Süd. Possible intermediate stops would be Thomas Mann Street and Gliwice Street. U2 With the opening of the route to the airport station, the part of the U2 inside Nuremberg is completed. Marienberg In order to open up a planned industrial area, construction work was carried out on the construction of the tunnelreduced by the already similar running S-Bahn and bus lines. U3 Nord (Northern branch) The northern branch (U3 Nord) diverts from the U2 tunnel north of Rathenauplatz to run west under the northern quarters of Nuremberg. This branch will consist of 5 stations, of which three stations (Maxfeld, Kaulbachplatz and Friedrich-Ebert-Platz) have been completed until December 2011. The last two stations (Klinikum Nord and the terminus station Nordwestring) have been completed in December 2016 and were opened for service in May 2017, thus completing this branch. As of 2017 there are no plans or proposals to further extend this branch.U3 Süd (Southern branch) The southern branch (U3 Süd) diverts from the U2 tunnel south of Rothenburger Straße and runs to the west as well. Two stations of this branch (Sündersbühl and Gustav-Adolf-Straße) have been completed. The precise alignment of this branch and the location of further stations after Gustav-Adolf-Straße are still to be determined. The terminus of this branch, to be opened around 2017 or later, will be Gebersdorf Nord near the station Fürth Süd, a former station of the abandoned Bibertbahn railway at a busy street intersection south of Fürth's city limits. Further expansion beyond is under considerationon the right of way of the abandoned Bibertbahn railway into Zirndorf and possibly beyond. As of 2019, a new station called "Großreuth bei Schweinau" is under construction with service scheduled to start 2020. Further extensions are planned after that but exact routing is not yet fully clear. Possible U4 Since the earliest plans (see above) called for more than two fully fledged "main lines" with two branches (U3 South and North) branching from them, there have been discussions of a third "main line" or another branch similar to U3. However, the financial situation of Nuremberg would only allow forsuch a line to be constructed with federal or state funds. Federal funds are conditional on a "benefit cost quotient" which is calculated according to standardized measures and has to reach a value above 1.0 (i.e. "benefits" need to exceed "costs") and thus far (2020) most proposals have not reached this threshold. In general the local CSU has been in favor of a new U4 whereas the SPD and the Greens tended to be more skeptical about new subway construction. As Nuremberg has had a SPD mayor for most of its postwar history (excepting the 1996-2002 period in office ofLudwig Scholz (CSU) and the period during which Andreas Uhrschlechter (formerly SPD) ran as an independent), the debate about a new U4 has been mostly theoretical. However, in the 2020 municipal elections CSU-candidate Marcus König won the office of Lord Mayor and he had campaigned on the promise of subway extensions. Which route such a subway would take is not entirely clear, but proposals to serve Zerzabelshof ("Zabo") are among the more frequent ones. Extensions to the rural district of Fürth Possible extensions to the U2 and U3 are currently in competition with each other. For cost reasons, only oneof the two projects will be implemented. Extension of the U2 from Röthenbach to Stein was part of the network plans dating from the 1970s. A profitability study from 1994 reported a cost-benefit factor of 0.33, thus not reaching the target of at least 1 that was required for funding, although that study examined only the subsection from Röthenbach to the planned end point in Deutenbach. In 1997, the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Greater Nuremberg (ZVGN) commissioned the engineering firm Intraplan Consult to carry out another study, this time for the section from Nuremberg Hauptbahnhof to Deutenbach. This study yielded a cost-benefitfactor of 1.7 at an estimated total construction cost of 159.01 million euros (311 million D-Mark) On that basis, the extension of the U2 was decided by the Nuremberg City Council. The Stein authorities were also in favour of the construction, in order to reduce traffic on the B14 road, but could not afford their share of the construction costs (over 1 million D-Mark) and the operating costs. The automation of the U2, which has since commenced, would provide a new opportunity for extension to the neighboring city, which both cities are still interested in. With this in mind, ZVGNwere small. In 2013, the plans for the extension to Stein were shelved by the traffic committee of the Fürth rural district council. there was criticism because the profitability study examined only the new section from Stein to Röthenbach, not up to Plärrer in Nuremberg. Current political planning includes only one additional station, "Schloss Stein " (Stein Castle). In the press conference held on March 23, 2010, it was announced that there would be no extension of the U3 to Oberasbach. According to the report neither of the two alternatives (a tunnel under the Rothenburger Straße to Oberasbach Süd witha cost-benefit factor of 0.44 or an above-ground route following the old Bibertbahn railway to Oberasbach Nord with a negative cost-benefit factor of -0.04) achieved the legally required 1.0. Rolling stock The Nuremberg U-Bahn currently uses three classes of trains. Current rolling stock VAG Class DT1 (built between 1970 and 1984) VAG Class DT2 (built between 1993 and 1994) VAG Class DT3 (built between 2004 and 2011) Future rolling stock VAG Class G1 (under construction since 2017, scheduled to enter service in 2019) ATC and driverless trains The ATC system is derived from Deutsche Bahn's Linienzugbeeinflussung (LZB), with additional partsto supply information and answer questions, helping passengers find their way. Another reason was the improved capacity of the U2 tunnel that was needed to accommodate the U3 traffic. Current subway lines in Nuremberg are built for a train frequency of 200 seconds or 3 minutes (sole exception: Ziegelstein-Flughafen: 400 seconds), which is already fully used on the U1 during the day and on the U2 during morning rush hour. With the new ATC system in place, additional (virtual) blocks will exist between stationary block signals, thus increasing line capacity to a train frequency of 100 seconds. However, these newintegrity retaining electrical cables (cables that can keep their insulation for a certain time in the presence of fire) are used to allow a unit to proceed to the next station in case of a fire. German regulations mandate that all subway trains must not stop inside a tunnel after the emergency brake has been pulled or if any other hazard like a fire is detected, but instead should proceed to the next station if possible to ease rescue operations. Since the longest travel time between two stations on the Nuremberg U-Bahn is about 3 Minutes (between Ziegelstein and Flughafen)line segments used by ATC and non-ATC operated trains during interim periods. Conversion of the U2 for ATC operation After the initial segment of the U3 had entered service and all problems concerning the ATC system had been sorted out, work commenced on the conversion the existing U2 to ATC operation. Full ATC operation of the U2 begun in January 2010 and on the shared section of track between Rathenauplatz and Rothenburger Straße the interval between trains on that tunnel segment reduced to 100 seconds. (See above) See also List of Nuremberg U-Bahn stations List of driverless trains Trams in ### Assistant:
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### User: The yellow jack (Carangoides bartholomaei), also known as coolihoo, is a species of marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. It is one of only two representatives of its genus present in the Atlantic Ocean, inhabiting waters off the east coast of the Americas from Massachusetts in the north to Brazil in the south, as well as a number of offshore islands. The yellow jack can be distinguished from closely related species by the length of the jaw, as well as counts of the rays in the fins. It is a fairly large fish, growing to a recorded maximum lengthof , and a weight of at least . Yellow jack inhabit reefs, moving either individually or in schools and are predatory fish which primarily take other small fish. Studies in the Caribbean suggest the species reaches sexual maturity between , and spawns in offshore waters from February to October. Yellow jack are of minor economic importance, taken by both hook and net methods, and are considered to be fair table fish. They are often caught by boat anglers, although are overlooked for their larger relatives. Taxonomy and naming The yellow jack is classified within the genus Carangoides, a groupof fish commonly called jacks and trevallies. Carangoides falls into the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, the Carangidae are part of the order Carangiformes. The species was first scientifically described by the famed French taxonomist Georges Cuvier in 1833, based on the holotype specimen collected from St. Bartholomew Island in the West Indies. Cuvier named this new species Caranx bartholomaei after the island from which the holotype was taken. The genus in which the taxon should be placed has proved contentious, and continues to be today with a number of recent publications placing the species in Carangoides, while othersstill classify it within Caranx. This article follows the Fishbase and ITIS classification of Carangoides bartholomaei. The species predominant common name, "yellow jack", comes from the colour the species turns as it gets older, with other common names including "coolihoo" and incorrectly, "green jack". Some authorities place the yellow jack in the genus Caranx. Description The yellow jack shows the typical body profile of the genus Carangoides, having a moderately deep, compressed elongate shape, with the dorsal profile slightly more convex than the ventral profile. It is a large fish, growing to a known maximum length of , although morespecies range includes hundreds of offshore islands in the eastern Atlantic, including Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Indies and throughout the Caribbean Sea. Along with the bar jack, Carangoides ruber, it is only one of two species of Carangoides present in the Atlantic, with all others having Indo-Pacific distributions. it also can be found in the Libyan coast ( at the Mediterranean sea ). The yellow jack is occasionally found in inshore coastal waters, but prefers offshore reefs and islands, or open marine waters over the continental shelf. Whilst not often seen in shallow waters near the American continent, yellowjack are commonly seen in the sandy shallows of a number of Caribbean islands foraging with other species. Biology Yellow jack are predatory fish, moving both individually or in small groups, with their main prey being small fish, although observational records also show smaller benthic prey is taken. Yellow jack have been observed in a 'following role', moving around with larger species to take advantage of the commotion caused by the bigger fish, allowing the jack to opportunistically forage or take scraps left by the larger fish. As well as other teleosts, yellow jack have also been recorded following eels,stingrays and nurse sharks. In one case, they were observed following a flying gurnard, itself smaller than the jack, that disturbed the substrate, causing various organisms to be displaced and become available for predation. As well as being 'followers', larger specimens have also been observed as the 'followed' species. The species has also been observed living in close relationships with spinner dolphins, feeding off the dolphin's waste products. This behavior has also been observed in a number of other jacks living in the region. Yellow jacks reach maturity at different times in different locations, with studies around Cuba showing malesreach sexual maturity at and females at , while in Jamaica, males reach sexual maturity at . Spawning takes place in offshore waters between February and October. Observational studies in Belize have shown that although courtship occurs in pairs, the species is a group spawner, congregating in large balls of around 300 fish, with spawning occurring mostly before sunset. Juveniles live near the surface of the ocean, often hiding amongst large mats of jellyfish or Sargassum weed, with a coloration that camouflages the fish in the weed. These young fish are often moved long distances by the Gulf Stream, andthis is probably the process responsible for fish found as far north as Massachusetts. Relationship to humans Yellow jack are a minor commercial species throughout their range, taken by seines, trawls and hook and line techniques. They are also caught by recreational fishermen, with fish baits and lures and often while trolling, although they are rarely targeted specifically. The species is rated as a fair to good table fish, and is marketed both fresh and salted. Yellow jack are known to be carriers of ciguatera around the West Indies, and are classified as a high risk species, with their predatory ### Assistant:
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### User: "Day 101" is the third episode of the seventh season of ABC's political drama series Scandal. Directed by Scott Foley and written by Zahir McGhee, it premiered in the U.S. on October 19, 2017. The episode was watched by 4.70 million Americans, and received mixed commentary from television criticism. Plot This episode depicts the 100-day period that followed Mellie's entrance in the White House as president. Fitz moves to Vermont and begins a candid, careless, and mundane life plan. During the first few days, Fitz does things a regular citizen does during their life, such as cooking and shopping with ### Assistant:
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### User: The Eber Sherman Farm is a historic farmstead located at 1010 State Road in North Adams, Massachusetts. Built about 1843, it is a well-preserved example of a local variant of transitial Greek Revival and Italianate architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Description and history The Eber Sherman Farm is located on the south side of State Road (Massachusetts Route 2) in western North Adams, near the town line with Williamstown. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, two interior brick chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. Ithas a five-bay main facade, with a center entrance flanked by sldelight windows and topped by a transom window. The entry is sheltered by a flat-roof portico with a bracketed frieze supported by fluted columns. The building corners feature wide pilasters, and the roof eave is studded by regularly spaced decorative brackets. A single-story addition extends to the left side, with a porch across its front. The house was built in about 1843 by Eber Sherman, son of William Sherman (whose farm lay adjacent, and has a similar house), around the time he purchased his father's farm, then over .It lay in a part of Williamstown that was transferred to North Adams as part of a municipal boundary adjustment in 1900. Eber Sherman ran a dairy operation on the farm, and his son sold the property in 1862, after which it went through a succession of owners. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Berkshire County, Massachusetts References External links Category:Houses completed in 1843 Category:Buildings and structures in North Adams, Massachusetts Category:Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Category:National Register of Historic Places in Berkshire County, Massachusetts Category:1843 establishments in Massachusetts Category:Farms in Massachusetts ### Assistant:
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### User: Gisela von Arnim (also Giesela; August 30, 1827 in Berlin – April 4, 1889 in Florence) was a German writer, mainly of fairy tales. Biography Gisela was the youngest child of Achim and Bettina von Arnim. She was not formally educated, being taught only by her sisters. In her youth she read fairy tales and Romantic poetry, especially the works of Wilhelm Hauff, and began to write fairy tales herself. With her sisters she started the "Kaffeter circle", first a group for young women and later a full literary salon also including men (honorary members included Hans Christian Andersen and ### Assistant:
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### User: Halo of Blood is the eighth studio album by Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. It was released on June 7, 2013 in Europe and June 11 in North America on Nuclear Blast Records. In Japan, the album was released by Marquee Inc. on May 29, 2013. This would be the last album with guitarist Roope Latvala before he got kicked out of the band in May 2015. Production Drummer Jaska Raatikainen posted on Facebook that the band has accumulated a number of songs for a new album. Raatikainen described the new material as dark and "also little[sic] 'black' [metal]-ish." In an interview before the band's first show in India, keyboardist Janne Wirman revealed that the band currently had four songs written, with plans to enter the studio at the end of 2012. Wirman predicted a release around April or May 2013. In mid November 2012, it was announced that the band had started recording demos of new material. In January 2013, it was revealed that frontman/guitarist Alexi Laiho was finishing writing lyrics, and that recording would commence in February. Two song titles were also revealed. On 19 March 2013, the album's title was announced as Haloof Blood, and a track listing and cover artwork were revealed. Despite some resources say that "Halo of Blood" was "produced by Swedish producer Peter Tägtgren", this is not entirely correct. Here is what Children of Bodom's Janne Wirman said about it on September 14, 2017, in the interview with Noizr Zine: "And I don’t know why it said Peter Tägtgren on the next album ["Halo of Blood"]. The media wants to pick the name, and, as far as I know, Peter was there just to produce the vocals but then the media is like, "Oh, Peter is producing thealbum!" [smiles]. And Peter did not produce the album. Mikko and we did, as we normally do". Critical reception The album received mostly positive reviews, with an aggregated score of 66/100 on Metacritic, indicating favorable reviews. It was considered a return to form for the band, garnering a warmer reception from fans than their previous three albums. Track listing Personnel Children of Bodom Alexi Laiho – lead guitar, lead vocals Jaska Raatikainen – drums, backing vocals Henkka Seppälä – bass, backing vocals Janne Wirman – keyboards Roope Latvala – rhythm guitar, backing vocals Production Peter Tägtgren – vocal production Mikko ### Assistant:
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### User: Star Ocean is a franchise of action role-playing video games developed by the Japanese company tri-Ace and published and owned by Square Enix (formerly Enix). Development History The series is also known for being some of the earliest action RPGs to allow players to alter the storyline's outcome through the player's actions and dialogue choices, mainly through a social relationship system referred to as "private actions". The original Star Ocean, published by Enix in 1996, introduced a "private actions" social system, where the protagonist's relationship points with the other characters are affected by the player's choices, which in turn affectsa free-to-play card and item creation RPG for the GREE mobile phone social network in 2013. GREE and Square Enix has terminated the service as of February 28, 2014 and the application has since been delisted. Star Ocean: Integrity and Faithlessness was released for the PlayStation 4 on March 31, 2016, in Japan, June 28, 2016, in North America, and July 1, 2016, in Europe, and on the PlayStation 3 on April 28, 2016, in Japan. The story takes place between Star Ocean: The Second Story and Star Ocean: Till the End of Time, in 537 SD, as seen inthe first teaser. Star Ocean: Anamnesis is a role-playing game featuring three-dimensional characters and environments. Players take part in real-time battles against enemies that support up to four players. It was released in Japan on December 7, 2016 for Android and iOS devices. North American releases Of the six games in the series, five have been released outside Japan. Star Ocean: The Second Story was the first game to be published in the USA, by Sony Computer Entertainment America. With the PlayStation 2's installment, Star Ocean: Till the End of Time, Square Enix hoped to attract more gamers, especially inthe United States, where the franchise has not been very popular. The Director's Cut 2 Disc version of Star Ocean: Till the End of Time has been released in North America, with more playable characters, more games and additional storyline tangents. As of July 2005, Star Ocean: Till the End of Time is a part of Sony's Greatest Hits line, indicating that the game had done reasonably well in North America. In 2008, Square Enix released an enhanced remake of the original Star Ocean title for the PlayStation Portable called Star Ocean: First Departure. This was followed in 2009 byStory, which became a similarly incomplete anime series Star Ocean EX. The anime series saw release by Geneon Entertainment in the United States. The anime features 26 episodes covering events that happened on the first disc of the PlayStation game. The show was continued on Drama CDs afterward. Reception Star Ocean 2 is one of the most popular games of the series. See also List of Square Enix video game franchises List of Japanese role-playing game franchises Notes References External links Product page from tri-Ace Category:Tri-Ace Category:Science fantasy video games Category:Space opera video games Category:Square Enix franchises Category:Video game franchises ### Assistant:
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### User: Plamen Timnev (; born 26 March 1973) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a forward. Club career Timnev spent almost his entire career in the top flight of Bulgarian football, establishing himself as one of Varna's football legends. He also had a short stint in Portugal in 1999. Outside of football, Timnev has been involved in various business ventures. References External links Profile at foradejogo.net Statistics at levskisofia.info Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Bulgarian footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:PFC Cherno More Varna players Category:PFC Spartak Varna players Category:Neftochimic Burgas players Category:PFC Levski Sofia players Category:First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) ### Assistant:
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### User: Robert Allison "Bobby" Carse (July 19, 1919 in Edmonton, Alberta – July 27, 1999) was a professional ice hockey forward who played 165 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks and Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. Carse also played for the following minor league teams during his career: Providence Reds, Kansas City Americans and Edmonton Flyers. His career was interrupted by World War II military service. In 1944, Carse was captured by German forces after inflicted by a gunshot wound to his shoulder. After 6 months of marching from camp to camp, Carse hadlost 60 pounds from malnutrition. After returning from Europe, his rights were traded from the Black Hawks to the Canadiens. Carse was inducted into the Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 1976 for his on-ice career with the Cleveland Barons, service as an AHL Linesman and the organization of the Parma Hockey Program. He was also inducted into the Cleveland Barons Hall of Fame (1971). His brother Bill Carse also played in the NHL. References External links Category:1919 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Canadian ice hockey forwards Category:Canadian military personnel of World War II Category:Chicago Blackhawks players Category:Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players Category:Sportspeople ### Assistant:
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### User: Huntington is a hamlet located in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The Census Bureau has also defined a census-designated place (CDP) with the same name that corresponds to the most densely populated area, however local understanding of the hamlet may differ somewhat from the census definition. The aggregate demographic and geographic data for the hamlet is also included in the data for the Town of Huntington. The population was 18,406 at the 2010 census. The central business district, called Huntington Village locally, is old and well developed, but it is not incorporated and doesnot have a village form of government. The hamlet of Huntington is located 37 miles (59 km) northeast of Midtown Manhattan. Geography Huntington is located at (40.877798, -73.413687). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.7 square miles (19.9 km²), of which, 7.5 square miles (19.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.4 km²) of it (1.82%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 18,403 people, 7,052 households, and 4,992 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,442.5 per square mile (943.6/km²). There were ### Assistant:
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### User: The 2010 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Buckeyes were coached by Jim Tressel and played their home games in Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. They were members of the Big Ten Conference. Ohio State vacated all 12 wins from 2010, including the Sugar Bowl, due to ineligible players. The Buckeyes finished the season officially 0-1 with the only game not vacated being a loss to Wisconsin. If their wins had not been vacated they would have finished 12–1 and 7–1 in Big Ten play. The BuckeyesPentello - Redshirt Sophomore Safety (Ashland) Duron Carter - Sophomore Wide Receiver (Coffeyville Community College) Recruiting class Transfers in None Schedule Regular season Marshall In their first night game season opener since 2003, the Ohio State Buckeyes began the 2010 season playing the Marshall Thundering Herd. Ohio State worked early, recovering a fumble by Marshall on the opening kickoff and eventually scoring on a 6-yard pass from Terrelle Pryor less than two minutes into the game. After a Marshall three and out, the Buckeyes again worked quickly scoring another touchdown, and within the first five minutes of the game, Ohioplays, 66 yards, 1:38. (Buckeyes 52–20) 4th Quarter OSU – (13:44) Hall 17-yard reception from Bauserman, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 7 plays, 50 yards, 2:31. (Buckeyes 59–20) OSU – (8:39) Berry 67-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 5 plays, 94 yards, 1:57. (Buckeyes 66–20) OSU – (3:26) Guiton 15-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 6 plays, 60 yards, 3:27. (Buckeyes 73–20) Illinois The Ohio State Buckeyes began their Big Ten schedule with their first road game of the year, against the Illinois Fighting Illini. Illinois began the scoring with a quarterback57 yards, 1:05. (Buckeyes 14–10) 4th Quarter OSU – (8:27) Barclay 32-yard field goal is GOOD. Drive: 13 plays, 59 yards, 7:52. (Buckeyes 17–10) ILL – (4:36) Dimke 30-yard field goal is GOOD. Drive: 8 plays, 67 yards, 3:51. (Buckeyes 17–13) OSU – (1:49) Herron 6-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 6 plays, 53 yards, 2:47. (Buckeyes 24–13) Indiana In their second Big Ten conference matchup of the 2010 season, the #2 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes faced the Indiana Hoosiers. From the beginning of the game, Ohio State opened up on the run following Terrelle Pryor's injury9 plays, 74 yards, 2:28. (Buckeyes 31–0) 3rd Quarter OSU – (8:02) Herron 8-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 10 plays, 66 yards, 4:58. (Buckeyes 38–0) IND – (4:50) Ewald 36-yard field goal is GOOD. Drive: 7 plays, 41 yards, 3:07. (Buckeyes 38–3) 4th Quarter IND – (5:06) Banks 1-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Ewald extra point is GOOD. Drive: 9 plays, 52 yards, 4:51. (Buckeyes 38–10) Wisconsin The top ranked Ohio State Buckeyes entered the 2010 matchup with the #18 Wisconsin Badgers, hoping to build on 6–0 record. Jim Tressel entered the game 4–3 against Wisconsin, having won– (11:38) Herron 1-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Pryor pass to Fragel for two-point conversion is GOOD. Drive: 19 plays, 94 yards, 9:56. (Badgers 21–18) WIS – (6:57) White 12-yard run, TOUCHDOWN. Welch extra point is GOOD. Drive: 10 plays, 73 yards, 4:41. (Badgers 28–18) WIS – (4:14) Welch 41-yard field goal is GOOD. Drive: 6 plays, 44 yards, 2:09. (Badgers 31–18) Purdue Following a loss to the Wisconsin Badgers the previous week, the 6–1 Ohio State Buckeyes entered the game placed second in the Big Ten and facing a team in the Purdue Boilermakers who accomplished an upset victory over theOSU – (7:24) Smith 23-yard reception from Bauserman, TOUCHDOWN. Barclay extra point is GOOD. Drive: 10 plays, 67 yards, 6:01. (Buckeyes 49–0) Minnesota With the Ohio State Buckeyes struggling through their prior two away games of the season, Ohio State entered the 2010 matchup against the Minnesota Golden Gophers hoping to stay on top of the Big Ten race. Like the previous games, Ohio State started slow with the offense driving down the field in five minutes and the Minnesota offense countering the attack with a touchdown of their own. On their second possession, Ohio State drove down the fieldan off week, the #9-ranked Ohio State Buckeyes took the field against their rivals in the Penn State Nittany Lions. The game began with a good first drive by the Buckeyes, who on 7 plays got down to the Penn State goal line; however they were only able to get a field goal out of the drive. It would be Penn State who would dominate the Buckeye defense and the field for the rest of the first half. Penn State responded quickly halfway through the first quarter, scoring on a McGloin touchdown, giving Penn State the lead. During the secondState began pulling away in the fourth quarter on a catch by Dane Sanzenbacher and an interception returned for a touchdown. A Jake Stoneburner reception for a touchdown ended the scoring by both teams and made the final score 38–14 in favor of the Ohio State Buckeyes (victory vacated). 1st quarter OSU – (11:36) Barclay 26-yard field goal. Drive: 7 plays, 71 yards, 3:24. (Buckeyes 3–0) PSU – (4:10) Brown 23-yard reception from McGloin, TOUCHDOWN. Wagner extra point is GOOD. Drive: 10 plays, 67 yards, 4:23. (Nittany Lions 7–3) 2nd Quarter PSU – (11:23) Moye 6-yard reception from McGloin, TOUCHDOWN.Barclay extra point is GOOD. (Buckeyes 38–14) Iowa The #9 Ohio State Buckeyes met the #20 Iowa Hawkeyes which the Buckeyes had to win to keep in the Big Ten championship race. The Hawkeye defense shut down the Buckeyes until the second quarter. It would be Ricky Stanzi who drove down the field for the first score of the game, giving the Hawkeyes a 7–0 lead on Senior Day. The Buckeyes still struggled to move the ball as they were only able to score an 18-yard field goal, their only points of the first half. A defensive game was setArkansas The Ohio State Buckeyes headed to the Superdome to take on the Arkansas Razorbacks. The Buckeyes came into the game 0-9 against the SEC in bowl games. The Buckeyes struck first, with Dane Sanzenbacher recovering a fumble in the end zone after Terrelle Pryor fumbled on the 3-yard line. Immediately following the score, Jim Tressel took a gamble and attempted an off-side kick that Arkansas recovered at the 50-yard line. With a short field, Arkansas struck back with Ryan Mallett connecting with Joe Adams on a 17-yard pass. Dan Herron added a 9-yard run, and Sanzenbacher and DeVier Posey ### Assistant:
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### User: Halaç District is a district of Lebap Province in Turkmenistan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Halaç. History Initially founded in 1925 with the same name, it is part of Kerkin Region of the Turkmen SSR. When Kerkin was abolished five years later, precisely at September 1930, Halaç became directly subordinate to the Turkmen government. In February 1933, Kerkin was restored and Halaç became part of it. In November 1939, Halaç moved to the newly formed Chardzhou region. In December 1943, the Halachsky district moved to the newly formed Kerkin region. In January 1947, Kerkin was ### Assistant:
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### User: Ramreddy Damodar Reddy (born 14 September 1952) is an Indian Politician, representing the Indian National Congress party. R. Damodar Reddy won his seat in the 2009 Andhra Pradesh state Assembly Elections 2009 for Indian National Congress Party in Suryapet Constituency. Political career He is four times MLA from Thungathurthy Assembly Constituency. Later he has shifted his constituency from Thungathurthy (Assembly Constituency) to Suryapet (Assembly Constituency) in 2009. R. Damodar Reddy has been a consistent and strong voice in favor of Telangana statehood issue among the Congress leaders. He also served as Minister for Communications and Information Technology in the first ### Assistant:
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### User: Richard Henry Tizard (25 June 1917 – 5 September 2005) was a distinguished engineer and founding Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge. The 1960s were a period of turbulence in academic governance, and Cambridge students did not revolt less than their peers at LSE and elsewhere. Tizard came from a family of high achievers with a productive stubborn streak. He used his political skills to marshal his grammar, state and public school intake behind a programme of historic renewal and reform in the University. In 1969, he led his colleagues to accept students into membership of the College Council and to ### Assistant:
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### User: Erling Herolf Bentzen, sometimes given as Bentsen (8 January 1897 – 12 December 1962) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour and Communist parties. He was born in Kristiania, but moved to Sarpsborg. He joined Norges Socialdemokratiske Ungdomsforbund, by extension the Labour Party, in 1911, and sat as a county board member. He found work at Oslo Gassverk in 1915, and became a secretary of his local trade union. In 1923 he broke away from the Labour Party, joining the new Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 7th Enlarged Plenum of the Executive Committee ofthe Communist International in 1926. From 1926 to 1928 he was a member of the party's politburo, and from 1927 to 1928 regional party leader in Oslo and Akershus. In 1928 he undertook studies at the International Lenin School. In 1932 he again became a member of the Communist Party politburo, and from 1932 to 1934 he edited their main newspaper Arbeideren. In 1934 he was fired for not following the directions of the Comintern, the superior organ of the Communist Party of Norway. He was later registered as a docks worker. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany,he was arrested by Gestapo on 13 September 1941 after the milk strike. He was sent to Grini concentration camp until 3 April 1942, when he was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He remained here until the end of World War II. After the war he edited Nordlands Arbeiderblad from 1949 to 1952, and then worked as a journalist in Friheten. He died in 1962. References Category:1897 births Category:1962 deaths Category:Writers from Oslo Category:Norwegian newspaper editors Category:Labour Party (Norway) politicians Category:Communist Party of Norway politicians Category:Norwegian expatriates in the Soviet Union Category:Norwegian resistance members Category:Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors Category:Grini concentration ### Assistant:
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### User: Ian Bronson Albery (born 21 September 1936) is an English theatre consultant, manager, and producer. He is a former chief executive of Sadler's Wells Theatre (1994-2002), and was in charge of the Donmar Warehouse from 1961 to 1989. He is the son of Sir Donald Albery, a prolific theatre manager. From 1958 through 1972, Ian Albery served as stage manager, production manager, or technical director for more than 100 West End theatre productions, including: West Side Story Irma La Douce The World of Suzie Wong Oliver! The Miracle Worker Sparrers Can't Sing Beyond the Fringe La Bonne Soupe Blitz! Fiorello! ### Assistant:
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### User: William Samuel Verplanck Junior (January 16, 1916 in Plainfield, New Jersey – September 30, 2002 in Knoxville, Tennessee) was an American psychologist. He conducted a series of significant experiments in the fields of ethology, experimental psychology, and especially in the field of radical behaviorism. Written works Verplanck, W.S. (1942) The development of discrimination in a simple locomotor habit. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 441–464. Berry, R.N., Verplanck, W.S., and Graham, C.H. (1943) The reversal of discrimination in a simple running habit. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 325–334. Verplanck, W.S. (1946) The effects of paredrine on night vision test performance. (Bur. ### Assistant:
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### User: Mackenzie Community School is a public K–12 school in Deep River, Ontario. It is a very small school with a student body of approximately 600 as of 2018. Its colours are purple and gold, and their sport teams' name is The Mustangs. The school's motto is Together We Inspire Learning. History The building in which Mackenzie Community School is housed was originally named C. J. Mackenzie High School, named in honour of Chalmers Jack Mackenzie, a civil engineer educated at Dalhousie and Harvard. Due to declining enrollment, in 2011 T. W. Morison Public School, Keys Public School, and C. J.Mackenzie High School were amalgamated into Mackenzie Community School. Academics High School As it is such a small school, there are a limited number of available courses for high school students, and next to no specialty courses. Courses have three possible level classifications: academic/university, applied/college, and locally developed, in some courses. Mathematics, English, and French classes are well-attended and produce good results and grades from most students. Mackenzie Community School offers a small variety of courses for students to take as electives. In the arts, there are visual/native arts, instrumental music, and drama. Within the technology sector, there are classeslike the general technologies, including woodworking, metalworking, and graphic design; Auto shop, which includes repairing and assembling vehicles; and design technology, which includes designing and building models of houses and other buildings. High school students also have other opportunities of academic courses and activities. One of these is cooperative education. This provides a way for students to gain credits in a real-world work experience. They may be take in single period (one credit), half day (two credits), and full day (four credits). Another program is Specialist High Skills Majors (SHSM), a program where student can earn a certification on theirdiploma to show they have gained certain skills for the work sector they are going into. Lastly, for students going into the trades, the Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program (OYAP) is available for students to gain work experience to go toward their trade certifications. Elementary School Within the elementary section of the school, there are students from kindergarten to grade 8. All students in these grades take classes in Math, French, and physical education. Due to the low enrollment numbers, many of the grade classes are what is called a 'split class,' in which one teacher has a class of twoconsecutive grades because there either were not enough students to make a full class of one grade, or too many too fit into one. To further the learning of French, the school offers a part-day French immersion program for grades 5 to 8. Students in this program go to a separate classroom for around an hour and a half where they learn the same subjects they would otherwise, like History, Geography, Art, and Drama, just using the French Language. This course also counts toward the mandatory Core French grade. Sports High School Fall Sports Cross Country Running Boys' Volleyball Girls' ### Assistant:
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### User: stock portfolios fell from 10.62% for non-taxable portfolios to 6.72% for a portfolio that paid the highest federal income and capital gains tax rate. The paper observed rolling 20 year periods from 1961-2006. The study was updated by Gannon and Scott Seibert, CFA in Tailored Wealth Management: Exploring the Cause and Effect of Financial Success. This study begain at the inception of the S&P 500 Index in 1957 through year end 2018 and calculated the after-tax return to be 7.36%.<ref name=twm> See also Billionaire Ultra high-net-worth individual Millionaire Middle class Global assets under management Plutonomy Politically exposed person Wealth National ### Assistant:
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### User: The Puente de Añasco is a bridge spanning between Añasco, Puerto Rico and Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. It is located at Kilometer 146.1 of Highway 2. It spans the boundary between the Barrio Añasco Arriba in the municipality of Añasco and the Barrio Sabanetas in the municipality of Mayagüez. The bridge bears a striking similarity with Puente de Trujillo Alto, another Pennsylvania through truss bridge built during 1939–1941 in the Trujillo Alto municipality of Puerto Rico. It may be Bridge No. 75 described in a review of historic bridges ### Assistant:
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### User: Jakob Edvard Kuupik Kleist (born 31 March 1958) is a Greenlandic politician who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Greenland between 2009 and 2013. A member of the Inuit Ataqatigiit party, he was the first Prime Minister not affiliated with Siumut. Early life and career Kleist was born on 31 March 1958 to a Danish telegraphist and a Greenlandic mother in Qullissat, and was raised by his aunt and uncle. He attended primary school in Qullissat from 1966 until 1972 when the mining town was abandoned and then he attended lower secondary school in Sisimiut until 1975. When hewas 17, he was sent to Denmark, alone and with no prior knowledge of Danish. He attended the Birkerød State School in Denmark from 1975 to 1978. Kleist graduated from Roskilde University in 1983 with a master's degree in social work (socionom). He taught journalism in Nuuk from 1988 to 1991. Political career In 1996, Kleist was appointed the Director of the Foreign Office of the Greenland Home Rule Government (Direktør for hjemmestyrets udenrigskontor). He was a Member of the Danish Parliament from 20 November 2001 to 13 November 2007, representing the Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) party. IA will be thefirst party to govern the autonomous Danish territory under an expanded home rule agreement known as "self-rule" (selvstyre). While the self-rule agreement has been referred to a step towards eventual full independence from Denmark, Kleist's administration is expected to put "any push for independence [...] on the backburner", given his pledge to focus on social issues such as alcoholism, domestic violence and a high suicide rate. Kleist had risen to power on an agenda that included cleaning up following government scandals. Prime Minister Since 2007, he has been the leader of IA, a leftist political party which works towards Greenland'seventual full autonomy from Denmark. The party received the most votes in the 2009 election. In June 2009 the Greenlandic parliament therefore elected Kleist the fifth Prime Minister of Greenland. Kleist also had a very successful election himself and won 5,461 personal votes compared to just 1,413 votes for incumbent Prime Minister Hans Enoksen. In late August 2009 Kleist met with Admiral Tim Sloth Jørgensen and General Walter Natynczyk, the chiefs of defense staff for Denmark and Canada, respectively. Admiral Jørgensen and General Natynczyk were conducting a tour of Danish and Canadian military bases in the Arctic. See also Greenlandic ### Assistant:
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### User: Mirosternus is a genus of beetles in the family Ptinidae. There are at least 70 described species in Mirosternus. Species These 70 species belong to the genus Mirosternus: Mirosternus acutus Blackburn, 1885 i c g Mirosternus affinis Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus amatus Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus amaurodes Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus angulatus Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus basalis Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus bicolor Sharp, 1881 i c g Mirosternus blackburni Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus blackburnioides Perkins, 1910 i c g Mirosternus carinatus Sharp, 1881 i c g Mirosternus cognatus ### Assistant:
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### User: Frederick Houk Borsch (September 13, 1935 – April 11, 2017) was the Episcopal bishop of Los Angeles from 1988 to 2002, then served as interim dean of the Berkeley Divinity School at Yale University and chair of Anglican studies at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia. Remembered particularly for the development of Spanish-speaking congregations, the founding of the Episcopal Urban Intern Program (Episcopal Service Corps), his leadership in environmental stewardship, the building of the Cathedral Center of St. Paul, and advocacy for poverty-wage workers and the living wage while bishop in Los Angeles, he also served for twelve years asthe chair of the House of Bishops' Theology Committee and as a member of the design and steering teams for the 1988 and 1998 Lambeth Conferences, chairing the section "Called to be a Faithful Church in a Plural World" in 1998. Working with the Standing Commission on Human Affairs, he helped the General Convention of 1994 to include in the church's canons sexual orientation in the non-discriminatory clauses for ordination. Educated at Princeton, Oxford and the General Theological Seminary, his Ph.D. degree is from the University of Birmingham in England. In addition to teaching posts in England, at Seabury-Western TheologicalSeminary and the General Theological Seminary, he was a dean, president, and professor of New Testament at the Church Divinity School of the Pacific. He was dean of the chapel with rank of professor of religion at Princeton University (1981–1988; again interim in 2007) where he taught in the program in the History, Archaeology and Religions of the Ancient World. Since 2013, Borsch has been listed on the advisory council of the National Center for Science Education. Borsch died on April 11, 2017, due to complications from myelodysplastic syndrome. He was 81. Published works Contributor of essays, articles and poetry ### Assistant:
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### User: Bigelow High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Bigelow, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of two public high schools in Perry County; the other is Perryville High School. It is the sole high school administered by the East End School District. Academics Bigelow High School is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE). The assumed course of study follows the ADE Smart Core curriculum, which requires students complete at least 22 units prior to graduation. Students complete regular coursework and exams and maytake Advanced Placement (AP) courses and exam with the opportunity to receive college credit. Bigelow High School is listed unranked in the Best High Schools Report 2012 developed by U.S. News & World Report. Extracurricular activities The Bigelow High School mascot and athletic emblem is the Panther with black and white serving as the school colors. Athletics For 2012–14, the Bigelow Panthers participate in interscholastic activities within the 2A Classification via the 2A Region 5 (Football) Conference and 2A Region 4 East (Basketball) Conference, as administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Panthers compete in football, cross country (boys/girls), golf ### Assistant:
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### User: Paolo Panelli (15 July 1925 – 18 May 1997) was an Italian comedian and film actor. He appeared in 55 films between 1948 and 1996. He was married to Bice Valori. Selected filmography Guarany (1948) Arrivederci, papà! (1948) Vertigine d'amore (1949) Flying Squadron (1949) - Allievo Against the Law (1950) - Tremolino Hearts at Sea (1950) - Leone - un allievo ufficiale Paris Is Always Paris (1951) - Nicolino Percuoco The Last Sentence (1951) - Michele Wife for a Night (1952) - Gualteri Solo per te Lucia (1952) - Tonino Moriconi I Chose Love (1953) Voice of Silence (1953) Scampolo53 (1953) Laugh! Laugh! Laugh! (1954) - Innamorato litigioso Bella, non piangere! (1955) - Il soldato balbuziente Submarine Attack (1955) La moglie è uguale per tutti (1955) - Vincenzo Folgore Division (1955) I pinguini ci guardano (1956) Terrore sulla città (1957) I dritti (1957) - Peppino, il barista Le dritte (1958) - Ercole Scatola Mia nonna poliziotto (1958) - Ernesto Tough Guys (1960) - Hercule Robinot Le signore (1960) - Attilio Brando I Teddy boys della canzone (1960) - Paolino The Assassin (1961) - Paolo Akiko (1961) - Felice Cronache del '22 (1961) The Shortest Day (1962) - (uncredited) Siamotutti pomicioni (1963) - The Sicilian Husband (segment "Pomicioni di provincia") I marziani hanno 12 mani (1964) - X1 I Kill, You Kill (1965) - Marchese Achille Pozzuoli (segment "La danza delle ore") Amore all'italiana (1966) - Ettore / l'arbitro / Amleto Me, Me, Me... and the Others (1966) - Photographer Rita the Mosquito (1966) - Peppino Perdono (1966) - Aldo - father of Federico Gli altri, gli altri... e noi (1967) Zum Zum Zum - La canzone che mi passa per la testa (1969) - Paolo Zum zum zum n° 2 (1969) - Nane' Gli infermieri della mutua (1969) ### Assistant:
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### User: Scheissmessiah is the fourth full-length release by American industrial metal band Hanzel und Gretyl. It was released on October 12, 2004, on Metropolis Records. Like the CD that preceded it "Uber Alles", this was a concept album that parodied Handel's Messiah with a satanic metal twist. Track listing "Lust" – 2:12 "Fikk Dich Mit Fire" – 3:23 "Kaiser Von Shizer" – 3:13 "Disko Fire Scheiss Messiah" – 4:19 "Blut! Sex! Fire!" – 3:22 "Burning Bush" – 2:54 "Scheissway to Hell" – 4:00 "And We Shall Purify" – 3:38 "10th Circle" – 4:06 "Hellalujah" – 3:00 "Purity" – 5:47 Credits Kaizer ### Assistant:
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### User: Peter Doohan (2 May 1961 – 21 July 2017) was an Australian tennis player who won three consecutive Australian Hard Court Championships singles titles (1984, 1985, 1986) which remains an Open era record for that tournament. He won a further two singles titles at the South Australian Open in 1984 and San Louis Potisi tournament in Italy in 1988. He also won five doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his highest Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles ranking of world No. 43 in August 1987. Career At the 1987 Wimbledon Championships, he unexpectedly defeated two-time defending champion andtop-seeded Boris Becker in the second round, earning himself the nickname "The Becker Wrecker" at home in Australia. Doohan played collegiately in the United States with the University of Arkansas where he won the NCAA doubles title in 1982. Also a successful singles player, he won three Australian Hard Court Championships consecutively from (1984–1986). In 1984, he won the South Australian Open singles title. In 1988, he won the San Louis Potosi singles title on clay in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. He also coached high school tennis at Donoho High School in Anniston, Alabama, for several years in the mid-1990s. ### Assistant:
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### User: Affandi (18 May 1907 – 23 May 1990) was an Indonesian artist. Born in Cirebon, West Java, as the son of R. Koesoema, who was a surveyor at a local sugar factory, Affandi finished his upper secondary school in Jakarta. He gave up his studies to pursue his desire to become an artist. Beginning in 1934, Affandi began teaching himself how to paint. He married Maryati, a fellow artist. One of his children, Kartika also became an artist. Early life Affandi was born in 1907, in Cirebon. His father was R. Koesoemah. When he was a child, his father wantedskill at drawing and then at oil painting. By the time he began painting seriously, in 1940, he had at various times been a housepainter, a cinema ticket-collector, and a billboard artist. He would save paints left over from the posters and his other jobs and paint landscapes. Soon he was exhibiting – and, as a surprise to himself – actually selling. With his wife's consent, he decided to devote the first ten days of each month to his trade, and the remaining twenty to his art. His only teachers were a few reproductions that he saw in copies ofStudio, an art magazine from London. He felt a kinship with the Impressionists, with Goya and with Edvard Munch, as well as the earlier masters, Breughel, Hieronymus Bosch and Botticelli. Their influence began to show in his paintings. But the grim realities around Affandi made an even greater mark on him. In Yogjakarta one day, just after the Pacific War, Affandi sat painting a market place where folk were grubbing about, half-starved and half-naked. Infuriated at his seeming unconcern, a youth threw dust at the artist and his canvas, shouting: "This man is mad! While our people are naked heyears were spent in India, where he travelled and painted from 1949 to 1951. From there he went to Europe, showing his paintings at the major capitals (among them Paris, London, Brussels, Rome). He has visited the United States thrice, teaching at Ohio State University and painting a mural at the East-West Center in Hawaii. He has shown also at the São Paulo Biennale and travelled through Asia, and was planning for a trip around the world, to do a series of paintings for an art collector in Japan. As a renowned artist, Affandi participated in various exhibitions abroad. Besidesby the tree trunks richly carved by the famous Balinese sculptor, Nyoman Tjokot. Affandi had two wives. The only child from his first marriage, Kartika, has become a painter herself. A few years later, the artist took a second wife, who has borne him three children. One of his more memorable paintings shows him nude, holding a newborn grandchild, under a blue sky filled with stars. Regrettably, the high air humidity and temperature are causing concerns about the condition of the paintings. The Affandi Foundation, who manages the museum, finds it difficult to manage the museum properly, due to alack of funds and revenue. Before his death, Affandi spent a lot of time sitting around in his own museum, observing his paintings. He said once, "I want to die in simplicity without giving anyone unnecessary trouble, so I could go home to Him in peace." Death Affandi died on May 23, 1990 at the age of 83. He is now buried in the museum complex, as he wished to always be surrounded by his family and his workers. Footnotes References East-West Center, East-West Treasures, Selected Works from the Permanent Collection, East-West Center, Honolulu, 2010, p. 8-9. External links NY ### Assistant:
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### User: __NOTOC__ Walter Keiner (30 December 1890 – 23 January 1978) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Awards and decorations Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 17 July 1941 as Generalleutnant and commander of 62. Infanterie-Division References Citations Bibliography Category:1893 births Category:1978 deaths Category:Generals of Artillery (Wehrmacht) Category:German military personnel of World War I Category:Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Category:German prisoners of war in World War II Category:People from Schmalkalden-Meiningen ### Assistant:
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### User: Sir Douglas James Jardine (13 October 1888 – 11 December 1946) was a British colonial administrator, holding the posts of Governor of North Borneo, Sierra Leone and the Leeward Islands during his career. Biography Jardine was educated at Westminster School and at Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his BA Hons. in Classics in 1910. Immediately after graduating, he joined the colonial service and was posted as assistant secretary to the government of Cyprus from 1910–16. In 1916, he became Secretary to Administration in British Somaliland, a position he held until 1921. During this posting, he accompanied the British Mission to theCoronation of Empress Zauditu of Abyssinia in 1917 and was awarded the OBE in 1918. In 1920, he was appointed Officer in Charge H.Q. Services, Somaliland Expeditionary Force. Three years later, he published The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, his book on the Somali rebel leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, the so-called "Mad Mullah" who led an armed resistance against British, Italian, and Ethiopian forces in Somalia. In 1921, Jardine became Senior Assistant Secretary, Nigerian Secretariat, a post he held until 1927. In 1927, he was posted to Tanganyika Territory, beginning an eight-year association with the country. He was Deputy Chief Secretary,Tanganyika in 1927–28; Chief Secretary to Government, Tanganyika, 1928–34; and acting Governor, Tanganyika, in 1929, 1931, 1933 and 1934. In 1929, 1930 and 1931, Jardine was also the accredited representative of H.M. Government to the Permanent Mandates Commission at Geneva. He was appointed CMG in 1932. In 1934, he was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief, North Borneo, a post he held until 1937. Later that year he was appointed Governor of Sierra Leone (1937–41), and then Governor of the Leeward Islands from 1941–43. He was appointed KCMG in 1938 Jardine died in December 1946. Publications The Handbook of Cyprus 1913 and1919. The Mad Mullah of Somaliland 1923. Memorandum on indirect rule and the system of administration of the natives of North Borneo 1935. <b> If I were you (DRAMA). Notes References Biographical information death date Archive holdings relating to Jardine Category:1888 births Category:1946 deaths Category:People educated at Westminster School, London Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:Colonial Administrative Service officers Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:Governors of the Leeward Islands Category:Governors of North Borneo Category:Governors of Sierra Leone Category:Governors of Tanganyika (territory) Category:People of colonial Nigeria Category:British ### Assistant:
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### User: EOKA (; ), acronym for Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston, was a Greek Cypriot nationalist guerrilla organisation that fought a campaign for the end of British rule in Cyprus, for the island's self-determination and for eventual union with Greece. Background Cyprus, an island in eastern Mediterranean, inhabited mostly by Greek (majority) and Turkish (minority) populations, was part of the Ottoman Empire until 4 June 1878, when in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, it was handed to the British empire. As nationalistic tendencies were growing in both communities of Cyprus, Greek Cypriots were leaning towards Enosis (Union with Greece) which wasa part of Megali idea. The origins of Enosis date back to 1821, the year when the Greek War of Independence commenced, and the archbishop of Cyprus, his archdeacon, and three bishops were beheaded, amongst other atrocities. In 1828, Count Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first governor of Greece, asked for the union of Cyprus with Greece, while small-scale uprisings also occurred. In 1878, when British general Wolsely came to Cyprus to formally establish British rule, he was met by the archbishop of Kition who, after welcoming him, requested that Britain cede Cyprus to Greece. Initially, the Greek Cypriots welcomed British ruleseeing that neither the British investment, nor Enosis, had materialised, increased their opposition to British rule. In the beginning, the Enosis movement had only few supporters mainly from the upper classes. But that was about to change as two groups of disappointed with the new ruler began to form: the Church and the Usurers. In the following years a growing number of Cypriots were studying in Greece, and upon their return, they became strong advocates of Enosis. On the other hand, the Turkish Cypriot community started to develop its own nationalism in the early 20th century, as news arrived inworld through high-profile operations that would make headlines. Formation Leadership EOKA was headed by Georgios Grivas Greek Army officer, World War I and World War II veteran. During the Axis occupation of Greece in World War II, he led a small, anti-communist resistance group, named Organization X. During the anti-communist struggle of December 1944 in Athens after the Axis withdrawal he was saved due to British intervention. Grivas assumed the nom de guerre Digenis in direct reference to the legendary Byzantine Digenis Akritas who repelled invaders from the Byzantine Empire. Second in command in EOKA was Grigoris Afxentiou, also aformer officer of the Greek army. Afxentiou had graduated from the reserves Officers Academy in 1950 without previous experience on battlefield. Objectives The main objective of EOKA was Enosis: union of Cyprus with Greece. The organization adopted typical Greek national ideologies and displayed religious, conservative and anticommunist ideas. This was in agreement with the prevailing ideas of Cypriot society at the time. There was a widespread belief that leftists opposed national objectives and provided a certain support to the colonial regime contrary to other contemporary anticolonial insurgencies in Africa or Asia, which where led by marxists. Grivas and Archbishop ofCyprus, Makarios III, disagreed about the way to rid the island of British rule. Grivas rejected Makarios' attempt to limit the campaign to acts of sabotage, avoiding loss of life. Nevertheless, he shared Makarios' view that victory would be won by diplomatic means. Grivas' goal was to subject the British to continued relentless harassment, making it clear to them that occupation carried a price, while keeping Enosis on the international diplomatic agenda. The British response to the EOKA campaign was crucial in this regard: repression would on the one hand alienate the Greek Cypriot population from British rule, and onrecruitment efforts. The problem was that the Greek Cypriot community was overwhelmingly in favour of Enosis. Far from moderates emerging with whom Britain could do a deal. It was this popular support, enabling Grivas and his small band of guerrillas to take on the growing security apparatus that Harding was marshaling against him, that sustained the armed struggle. It became clear that EOKA did have an effective intelligence apparatus and that the guerrillas were often forewarned of security intentions. Schoolchildren, domestic servants, civilian personnel on the military bases, the police, all were enlisted by Grivas in the intelligence war whileEnosis with political means, while EOKA was trying to recruit new members. Priests and teachers, under strict secrecy, were the scouting for young men aged 14-24, and were mostly successful. Grivas reorganized EOKA's structure. By Autumn, Grivas was increasing his autonomy from Greece and Makarios and was planning to attack the Left and the Turkish Cypriot community. The Greek government and Makarios were unable to prevent those initiatives. Detention Camps and claims of torture Detention of Persons Law, passed in 15th June 1955, gave the authority to the British authorities to enclose a suspect in a detention camp without awere against Enosis. Another aspect that Richter highlights is that many claims of torture were made as the alleged victims were afraid for their lives as it was punished by death to speak to the British. David French on the other hand views that most - but not all- claims of torture were a propaganda tool of EOKA. In general Harding failed to win over the Greek Cypriot population especially when his security forces resorted to this kind of measures. Campaign against Greek Cypriot groups Initially, EOKA was intimidating the population not to co-operate with the security forces, but steadilythe British were openly tolerating the Turkish Cypriot paramilitary organisations. The British had deliberately set out to use the Turkish Cypriot community on the island and the Turks government as a means of blocking the demand for Enosis. They had effectively allied themselves with the Turkish minority and turned them as the overwhelming majority in the police force. This had now got out of control as far as the British were concerned, but nevertheless they still managed to exploit the situation. The truce against the collonial authorities lasted until the 28th of October 1957 (Ohi Day, Greek national holiday) whenTurkish Cypriots to avoid intercommunal violence that could lead to partition. EOKA and Turkish Cypriots The Turkish Cypriot community objected to Enosis long before the 1950s from fear that unification with Greece would lead to their persecution and expulsion, a fear based on the fate of Cretan Turks after Crete's union with Greece. Similarly nationalism among Turkish Cypriots was constructed from various events that led to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Grass root paramilitary armed groups, such as Kıbrıs Türk Mukavemet Birliği ("Turkish Cypriot Resistance Unit"), Kara Çete ("Black Gang") and Volkan, appeared as early as May 1955. Allthe Republic of Cyprus, Makarios, who became the first president, staffed the Government and Civil service with EOKA members. Extremists of both communities stayed armed and continued to seek their ends, Enosis or Taksim. Ministers and other EOKA veterans joined the secret Akritas organisation, with Polycarpos Giorkatzis as new "Digenis". As each comminity strived for opposite ends, the newly formed state soon collapsed, after Makarios changed the constitution unilaterally, paving the way to the intercommunal violence. Grivas returned secretely to Cyprus to continue the EOKA struggle for Enosis, as he deemed that Makarios was gradually shifting away from their initialgoal. He created EOKA B and with the aid of military Junta of Athens, attacked government buildings, Makarios himself and AKEL. In 1974, EOKA B joined forces with the greek military units on the island and the Cypriot National Guard at the [1974 Cypriot coup d'état|[coup against Makarios]]. Legacy The authorities of the Republic of Cyprus consider the EOKA struggle as a struggle of national liberation and its members as heroic freedom fighters. The day of the beginning of the EOKA campaign, 1st April, is considered a national anniversary in the country today. Turkish nationalist narrative as written in aliability by reference to a colonial law it has itself made." The case was settled out-of-court with the UK awarding Greek Cypriots with £1 million (to be distributed among alleged victims). The UK government refused any liability. See also EOKA B Grigoris Afxentiou Evagoras Pallikarides Markos Drakos Michalis Karaolis Nikos Sampson Battle of Spilia Field Marshal Harding Migrated archives Notes References Sources Sources in Greek translated from the original Sources in English Further reading Primary sources Secondary sources Category:Cyprus dispute Category:Greek Cypriot nationalism Category:Guerrilla organizations Category:Military history of Cyprus Category:National liberation movements Category:Secession in Cyprus Category:Separatism in the United Kingdom ### Assistant:
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### User: Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli (1800–1873) was the married lover of Lord Byron while he was living in Ravenna, Italy, and writing the first five cantos of Don Juan. She wrote the biographical account Lord Byron's Life in Italy. On 19 January 1818, Teresa married Count Guiccioli. It was three days later, on 22 January, that she met Lord Byron at the home of Countess Albrizzi. Alexandre Dumas included her as a minor character in his novel The Count of Monte Cristo using the disguised name "Countess G-". Lord Byron also used this shortened name in his journals. References Further reading External ### Assistant:
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### User: the foremost independent producer of high alloy and high quality integrity castings in the United Kingdom. The company has been in the casting industry since its formation in 1883. It is one of the 10 oldest companies listed on the UK Stock Exchange. In 1984 Goodwins was the first steel foundry in the world to be awarded accreditation by the British Standards Institution to BS5750 (now ISO9001) for casting production and also for the computer simulation of casting feeding. In 2006 the company was awarded the Queen's Award for International Trade. Capabilities The company specialises in cast parts for suppliersBridges Hardanger Bridge Oakland Bay Bridge Eastern Span Replacement Tsing Ma Bridge Jiangyin Bridge Structural/Architectural Faslane Naval Base Stratford station Ludwig Erhard Haus Paddington station Power Generation (including Nuclear) Pelamis Wave Energy Converter Sizewell B nuclear power station Sellafield re-processing plant Other Development Goodwin have been heavily involved in Nickel alloy development programs for fossil fuel power plants for Advanced Super Critical Applications (A-USC). These projects include: Thermie AD700 COMTES Pacific Basin 700 research European NextGenPower MacPlus References External links Goodwin Steel Castings Category:Companies based in Stoke-on-Trent Category:Companies established in 1883 Category:Engineering companies of the United Kingdom Category:Companies listed on ### Assistant:
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### User: In the Days When the World Was Wide and Other Verses (1896) is the first collection of poems by Australian poet and author Henry Lawson. It was released in hardback by Angus and Robertson in 1896, and features the poet's widely anthologised poems "The Free Selector's Daughter", "Andy's Gone with Cattle", "Middleton's Rouseabout" and the best of Lawson's contributions to The Bulletin Debate, a famous dispute in The Bulletin magazine from 1892-93 between Lawson and Banjo Paterson. The collection contains a dedication to J. F. Archibald and on the title page a sketch by Frank Mahony of Lawson 'humping hislocal color, to employ a much misused but, in this case, strictly appropriate, phrase. Where he is strongest, most picturesque, and most poetical, he is unmistakably Australian — a man really influenced by his surroundings, and expressing himself in that natural way which is essential to the production of a true poetic note of any kind. In the Australian Town and Country Journal the reviewer concluded that "What Kipling has done for "Tommy Atkins" in the great Indian colony, Lawson has done for the silent wanderer on the dreary Australia plains, giving voice to many a dumb heart, and translating ### Assistant:
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### User: Fjelberg Church () is a parish church in Kvinnherad municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the small island of Fjelbergøya. The church is part of the Eid og Fjelberg parish in the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. History There has been a church on Fjelbergøya since the middle ages. That church was a stave church and it was torn down in 1722 and replaced by a timber-framed church. This white, wooden church was built to seat about 160 people. There was discussion in 1862 of replacing the church, but instead it was decided to ### Assistant:
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### User: Caulanthus inflatus, the desert candle, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mojave Desert of California and Nevada, and the southern Sierra Nevada and Transverse Ranges in the United States. It is found at elevations between . Description Caulanthus inflatus is an annual plant growing up to 70 cm in height, with a thick, swollen stem that looks like a yellow candle. The basal leaves are 2–7 cm long, smaller higher up the stem. The flowers are small, with four reddish-purple petals. References Mojave Desert Wildflowers, Jon Mark Stewart, 1998, pg. 170 External links Jepson Flora ### Assistant:
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### User: Joe Fresh is a fashion brand and retail chain created by designer Joe Mimran for Canadian food distributor Loblaw Companies Limited. The label includes adult and children's wear, shoes, handbags, jewellery, beauty products, and bath items. Joe Fresh is available at over 300 Canadian supermarkets and superstores, in addition to standalone locations. Joe Fresh entered the U.S. market with permanent and pop-up stores in New York City and the surrounding region, with an international flagship store located at 510 Fifth Avenue. In 2012, the brand also appeared in approximately 680 J.C.Penney stores throughout the United States. The J.C.Penney agreement wasdismantled in 2015, with the companies making the decision not to renew their existing distribution agreement, which expired on January 30, 2016. The Fifth Avenue store closed in 2015. History Concept In 2004, Loblaw approached Joe Mimran, a co-founder of the Club Monaco retail chain and the name behind the Alfred Sung brand, with the idea of creating a new fashion line. Mimran had previously worked with Loblaw in developing its President's Choice Home Collection of merchandise. While the company had offered children's clothing in its superstores, it had never participated into the adult market. Mimran and Loblaw soon identifiedand tasty colours because it was a food store, and all of these things were all done intuitively, and it worked. Mimran noted that both "integrity of product design" and a "killer price point" were key, along with the practical considerations associated with selling a clothing line in a supermarket, since both the retail environment and merchandise "had to stand up to the wear and tear of shopping carts and the traffic flow." Launch In March 2006, Joe Fresh Style debuted at forty Real Canadian Superstore and Atlantic Superstore locations. With "fresh classics and colours," Joe took the "legwork outof everyday clothes shopping" by putting it in one convenient location. News reports described the launch as "a big gamble" for both the food retailer and designer. In fact, the branding represented the first time Mimran's name appeared on one of his labels. "Now, Mr. Mimran is finally being thrust into the public spotlight, becoming a brand in his own right." The use of "Joe," according to Mimran, was a very deliberate decision that gave the private label "instant credibility." Meanwhile, "Fresh" not only drew an association with the supermarkets where the clothes would be sold but also the line'ssimple, clean aesthetic. Dubbed "cheap chic" by the media, Mimran insisted that, while chic, Joe Fresh was anything but cheap. "There is no doubt that we are offering superb quality for the price," noting that "the clothes can be washed, they can be worn." News reports also took note of the brand's philosophy of making things not only affordable but anything other than complex, whether in terms of coordinating individual items or the line's overall pricing strategy: Joe Fresh is all about co-ordinated pieces, aimed at making it easy for shoppers to mix and match a blazer, pants and top.The signs display the prices in round numbers, shunning the strategy of knocking a penny off the price to make it seem cheaper. One retail analyst expressed the view that consumers would be more likely to buy based on the line's style and in-store retail convenience rather than price point. Sales Seven months after the brand's launch, Loblaw reported that sales had exceeded the company's own projections. "Every one of our sales objectives that we have set, we have surpassed", noted Louise Drouin, senior vice president of general merchandise. Mimran also expressed his personal satisfaction with the brand's acceptance amongconsumers. "I've been involved with many projects over the years, and I can tell you the response to this has been overwhelming." But retail consultant, Dalan Bronson of the J.C. Williams Group, while impressed with the Joe Fresh line, was more cautious, contending that the jury was still out on the brand's long-term prospects, given the fickle nature of the fashion trade. Product line In 2007, Loblaw began expanding the line to include sleepwear, lingerie, and children's wear, "and quickly became the top seller of kid's clothing in the country." Swimwear and sunglasses were added in 2008, and in 2009Joe Fresh Beauty debuted with an array of reasonably priced cosmetics, at $8 or less. By then, the brand had become the second-biggest-selling clothing label in the country, according to market research. A Maclean's magazine article noted Joe's appeal amongst a wide range of consumers: Since its inception, Joe Fresh has been a smash hit with suburban soccer moms. But experts have been a little surprised by how many young urbanites, regulars at Holt Renfrew and other high-priced boutiques, are willing to snap up $29 cable-knit sweaters and $49 skirts without the slightest hint of shame. Many, in fact, openlyboast to friends about their great finds. Within its first year and a half, Joe Fresh had chalked up $400 million in retail sales. As a believer in "vertical retailing," Mimran typically oversees every stage in the Joe Fresh design, production, sales and marketing process – in contrast to the traditional retailer, who buys wholesale and marks-up in order to make a profit. The end result is a product line branded under its own label, sold in its own retail outlets, and priced without reference to wholesale margins. Managing all aspects of the process not only allows Mimran to becompetitive on pricing but also innovative in terms of design and manufacture: In addition to peppy, nicely made, current-but-not-runway-slavish sportswear, there are avant-garde signature pieces. The jewel of the fall collection is a bell-shaped neoprene coat—in orange, naturally—inspired by a vintage Balenciaga, which will retail for $99. Balenciaga, he explains, was able to achieve antigravity shapes through the use of expensive, double-weave fabrics that aren’t available anymore. "We first showed it in wool, but the wool wasn't really capturing the shape. So I thought, why don't we try neoprene?" he says. "It's like an art piece and sculptural and atthe same time, it's so brand correct." According to Mimran, it's not only a matter of bringing more value to the end product, "you're also bringing an idea, a thumbprint to the consumer." Expansion In 2010, Joe Fresh moved beyond the supermarket aisle with the opening of its first stand-alone store, located in downtown Vancouver. Months later, Loblaw announced its intent to open twenty dedicated outlets across Canada, six to be completed by year's end. Although media reports speculated that the brand would remain strictly a Canadian phenomenon, in 2011, Loblaw announced its most ambitious plans yet for Joe Freshfourretail outlets slated for metropolitan New York City with "an international flagship store" on Fifth Avenue. Mimran declared it the right move at the right time. "We felt it was time to make the first step into the international market with a store in the American fashion capital, and one of the most exciting cities in the world, New York." But in confirming the brand's entry into the American market, Loblaw president Allan Leighton pointed out that it was "very much a pilot project." One retail analyst, Kaileen Millard-Ruff of market researcher Synovate Canada, referred to the opportunities and pitfallsBut while Loblaw management was cautious in tone regarding Joe's entry into the American market, Mimran spoke ambitiously, envisioning as many as 800 stores across the U.S. in five years, with the possibility of taking the label beyond North America, into Europe and Asia. He noted that Joe Fresh already competes successfully with international brands at home in Canada. "Today, if you have a proposition that resonates, it can work across cultures and borders." Mimran also expressed the view that considering the enormous sales volume of the brand in Canada, to not attempt an entry into the U.S. market andhave a handful of brands that they like to frequent. It's not about one single brand. This is not the computer business, it's the fashion game. There isn't one department store, there isn't one specialty store. And what we've shown, especially in Canada, is we can play with international competition. So why can't we do it here? Joe's new international flagship headquarters, located on Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street, opened in the spring of 2012. The New York ad campaign featured the slogan, "Irresistible fashion for Everyone. Affordable fashion for Anyone." In July 2012, it was announced that Joe Freshand J.C. Penney were teaming up to open close to 700 Joe stores in the retailer's outlets throughout the United States. Mimran described the move as "akin to a roll-out but done very quickly" and noted that it would give Joe Fresh national exposure. March 2013 saw the launch of 681 Joe Fresh stores throughout J.C. Penney locations. The brand also became available online, featured on the J.C. Penney website. Issues On 24 April 2013, an eight-story commercial building called Rana Plaza collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. At least 1,127 people died and overIn 2014, Loblaws finally hired an employee to oversee its Bangladeshi operations and monitor working conditions. In 2015, a class action lawsuit asking for $1.85 billon in damages was filed against Loblaws alleging Loblaws was aware of the poor safety standards of Rana Plaza. See also List of Canadian clothing store chains References External links joefresh.com, Joe Fresh official website joefreshlife.com, Joe Fresh standalone blog Category:2000s fashion Category:2004 establishments in Canada Category:Products introduced in 2006 Category:2010s fashion Category:Clothing brands Category:Clothing retailers of Canada Category:Clothing companies established in 2004 Category:Loblaw Companies Category:Privately held companies of Canada Category:Shops in New York City ### Assistant:
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### User: "Shadowfeet" is a song by pop singer–songwriter Brooke Fraser from her second studio album, Albertine. It was released as the album's second single in early 2007. The song was announced as Fraser's second single to be released in Australia in August to coincide with her Australian tour. The song was the first single that she released in the United States. The song was peaked as the 9th most played Christian Hit Radio song in the United States on R&R magazine's 6 September 2008 chart. The song was used in promotional commercials for the Nine Network's series Sea Patrol. Music video ### Assistant:
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### User: Neimar () is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Vračar. Name The settlement was originally named Kotež Neimar. Kotež is a Serbian rendering of the French cottage, a suburban settlement of individual residential houses. Neimar was the name of the construction society on whose land the neighborhood was built. The word itself, neimar, means a builder or mason, and entered Serbian language via Turkish from the Arabic mi'mar. Location Neimar is located south-east of downtown Belgrade, in the south-western corner of the municipality. It occupies the south-eastern slope of the ### Assistant:
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### User: Enrico Butti (April 3, 1847 in Viggiù – January 10, 1932 in Viggiù) was an Italian sculptor, active mainly in Milan, where he became a professor of the Brera Academy. Biography He was born to a family of marble cutters and sculptors. At the age of 14, he began studying at the Brera under the sculptor Pietro Magni, making ends meet by working for other sculptors such as Francesco Barzaghi, Ugo Zannoni, and Magni. In the 1872 National Exhibition in Milan, he exhibited his first work, a marble Raphael, but two years later his Eleonora d'Este drew much praise. Ingarzone; Santa Rosa da Lima for the Duomo of Milan (1876); I minatori del Sempione (1906) ; and the sculptural group of La tregua (1906). Also for the cemetery of Milan, he sculpted a Mater consolatrix and the complex monument to the Besenzanica family (1912). He made a monument for the fallen set up in Viggiù in 1919, another for Gallarate (set up in 1924) in Piazza Risorgimento, and finally one in Varese (1925). Also he was the author of the memorial to the founder of the Saint-Petersburg circus - Ciniselli Gaetano (1815-1881), who died in Russia. Among his public ### Assistant:
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### User: Reyes Holdings, LLC is an American foodservice wholesaler and distributor that ranked in 2018 as the 9th largest privately held company in the United States, with annual revenue of $27.8 billion. It operates in North, Central and South America, as well as Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific. Its divisions include McDonald's distributor Martin-Brower, Great Lakes Coca Cola, Reyes Coca Cola, and beer distributor Reyes Beverage Group. The company is based in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Operations Reyes Holdings operates one of the largest beer distribution organizations in the United States, representing import, craft and domestic beer ### Assistant:
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### User: Martin Roger Seymour-Smith (24 April 1928 – 1 July 1998) was a British poet, literary critic, biographer and astrologer. Seymour-Smith was born in London and educated at Highgate School and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he was editor of Isis. His father Frank was a chief librarian who supplied books to Robert Graves, and his mother Marjorie wrote poetry and published under the name of Elena Fearn. He began as one of the most promising of Anglophone post-war poets, but became better known as a critic, writing biographies of Robert Graves (whom he met first at age 14 and maintainedclose ties with), Rudyard Kipling and Thomas Hardy, and producing numerous critical studies. The poet and critic Robert Nye stated that Seymour-Smith was "one of the finest British poets after 1945." Others to praise his poetry included Robert Graves, C. H. Sisson, Geoffrey Grigson and James Reeves. He came to prominence in 1963, as the editor of the first twentieth-century edition of Shakespeare's Sonnets to use the 'original' spelling. Characteristically, his commentary concerned Shakespeare's sexuality, which upset many. Later, his Fallen Women (1969) and Sex and Society (1975) would become 'standard plundering material for more famous works' as the authorgood-humouredly claimed. He had known Alex Comfort, who was then writing The Joy of Sex (1972), from their schooldays at Highgate School and the two often swapped notes. Seymour-Smith's Poets Through their Letters Vol 1 (Wyatt to Coleridge) was acclaimed for its scholarship, but sold poorly. Hence, Volume 2 was never published. His two volumes of poetry Tea with Miss Stockport (1963) and Reminiscences of Norma (1971), were praised by many, including Peter Porter. But an apparent creative silence till his last collection, Wilderness (1994), led to a decline in his reputation with the reading public during the 1980s. Thedue to his many literary surveys from The Guide to Modern World Literature in 1975 onwards. Selected publications The Guide to Modern World Literature, Hodder & Stoughton, London (1975) Who's Who in 20th Century Literature, Mcgraw-Hill, Columbus, OH. (1977) Novels and Novelists: A Guide to the World of Fiction, St. Martins Press, London (1980) A Reader's Guide to Fifty European Novels, Rl Innactive Titles (1980) Robert Graves: His Life and Work, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC., London (1982) The New Astrologer, Macmillan Pub Co., London (1983) The New Guide to Modern Literature, Peter Bedrick Books, New York (1985) The 100 Most Influential ### Assistant:
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### User: Kikihia is a genus of cicada in the family Cicadidae. Most species contained in the genus are endemic to New Zealand, with a single Australian species (K. convicta) found on Norfolk Island. The genus was established in 1972 by John S. Dugdale with eleven species formerly classed within the genus Cicadetta. Species Kikihia angusta (Walker, 1850) Kikihia cauta (Myers, 1921) Kikihia convicta (Distant, 1892) Kikihia cutora cumberi Fleming, 1973 Kikihia cutora cutora (Walker, 1850) Kikihia cutora exulis (Hudson, 1950) Kikihia dugdalei Fleming, 1984 Kikihia horologium Fleming, 1984 Kikihia laneorum Fleming, 1984 Kikihia longula (Hudson, 1950) Kikihia muta muta (Fabricius, 1775) ### Assistant:
Nodes:[["Kikihia", {"description":'genus of insects'}], ["Genus", {}], ["Cicadidae", {}]] Relations:[["Kikihia", "taxon rank", "Genus"], ["Kikihia", "parent taxon", "Cicadidae"]]
### User: Merle Greene Robertson (August 30, 1913 – April 22, 2011) was an American artist, art historian, archaeologist, lecturer and Mayanist researcher, renowned for her extensive work towards the investigation and preservation of the art, iconography, and writing of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Central America. She is most famous for her rubbings of Maya carved stelae, sculpture, and carved stone, particularly at the Maya sites of Tikal and Palenque. Early life and education Robertson was born in 1913 in the small town of Miles City, Montana to Ada Emma Foote and Darrell Irving McCann, but she moved to Great Falls,to San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. She earned her Master's of Fine Arts from the University of Guanajuato, where she studied watercolors, oils, photography, and mural painting from one of Mexico's top artists, James Pinto. After completing her MFA, Merle began working on the Tikal Project with the University of Pennsylvania in 1961. She spent three summers drawing the architecture of the Central Acropolis. She also started her famous rubbings at this time, making the art form a way to document and preserve the information on Maya relief sculptures. While she was there, it was suggested that she travel throughinterpreted the work through the eyes of the authors. This showed her unique perspective as an artist rather than a formally trained archaeologist. In 1982, Merle founded the Pre-Columbian Art Institute, which publishes the PARI Journal. This non-profit organization supported the research of Mesoamerican art, epigraphy, and iconography and funded archaeological excavations at Palenque under the Cross Group Project. In 2004, Robertson received the Orden del Pop Award from Guatemala's Museo Popol Vuh in recognition of her decades of work preserving the country's Maya cultural heritage through her detailed documentation of Maya monuments and hieroglyphic writing. This Instituto de Nacional ### Assistant:
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### User: The Comedy Mill was a Canadian sketch comedy television series, which aired from 1987 to 1991 on Hamilton, Ontario's CHCH-TV, and through syndication on other Canadian television stations. The show starred the husband and wife comedy duo of Steve Smith and Morag Smith, with a supporting cast that included Peter Keleghan, Linda Kash and Mag Ruffman. The show was a revival of their earlier Smith & Smith series, which ended in 1985. For the 85-86 television season, the Smiths and their children Max and David starred in the family sitcom Me & Max. One of the show's regular features involvedparody music videos, presented by Kash as a caricature of a television VJ. Some of the parody videos even made it into rotation on MuchMusic and The Nashville Network. After The Comedy Mill ended its run, Morag retired from performing and Steve launched his most famous series, The Red Green Show. Red Green had appeared as a recurring character on all of the duo's earlier shows, including The Comedy Mill. References External links Category:First-run syndicated television programs in Canada Category:1987 Canadian television series debuts Category:1991 Canadian television series endings Category:Television series by S&S Productions Category:Television series produced in Hamilton, Ontario ### Assistant:
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### User: Szówsko (, Shivs’ko) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązownica, within Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Jarosław and east of the regional capital Rzeszów. The village has a population of 3,096. Name There are two etymologies that are hypothesized for the name Szówsko. The first being from the term "szuwary". Szówsko is situated on the eastern bank of the San River and the area was affected greatly through the Middle Ages by flood. With these floods, the area was covered with rushes of coastal reed plants, known as szuwary in ### Assistant:
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### User: The 1972 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, United States and was part of the 1972 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the 45th edition of the tournament and was held from July 31 through August 6, 1972. Bob Lutz defeated John Newcombe, Rod Laver and Cliff Drysdale prior to beating Tom Okker in the Finals. Finals Singles Bob Lutz defeated Tom Okker, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4 Doubles John Newcombe / Tony Roche defeated Arthur Ashe / Bob Lutz, 6–3, 1–6, 7–6 References External links ### Assistant:
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### User: The Schunk Group is a company headquartered in Germany. The most important fields of endeavor are carbon technology and ceramics, environmental simulation and climate technology, sintered metals as well as ultrasonic welding. The Schunk Group has a presence in 29 countries with more than 60 operative companies. Consolidated sales came to EUR 1,200 million in 2017 and the number of employees is more than 8,200. The Schunk Group comprises four divisions and a total of 11 business units. Historical The company was founded by Ludwig Schunk and Karl Ebe in 1913 in Fulda to produce carbon brushes. In 1918 thecompany moved to Heuchelheim near Giessen. The childless founder Ludwig Schunk (1884–1947) bequeathed the company's entire assets to the Providential Fund for Company Members. That fund was meant to provide voluntary financial support to employees and former employees or their relatives in case of neediness, invalidity or old age. Today, the registered association Ludwig-Schunk Stiftung (Ludwig Schunk Foundation) performs, as trustee, the tasks set forth in the company founder's will. Structure of the company The Schunk Group is divided up into four divisions: Division Schunk Carbon Technology The Schunk Carbon Technology Division manufactures construction components, among other things from carbon/graphite,carbon compounds, silicon carbide and quartz. It is broken down into the following business units: Tribology: Bearing and sealing rings as well as valves made of carbon and silicon carbide. High Temperature Applications: Graphite components for industrial furnaces, crucibles for silicon production, atom absorption spectrometry (AAS) cells, components of fiber-reinforced carbon (FRC), etc. Small Motor Technology: Carbon brushes and holder systems for electric motors in household appliances and power tools. Current Transmission: Carbon brushes and holder systems for large electric motors, pantographs and grounding contacts for railroads. Automotive: Carbon brushes, brush plates for starters, brush plates for fuel pumps. TechnicalCeramics:Burners and burner nozzles for direct and indirect heating, kiln furniture, oxide ceramics, sliding rings and bearings for shaft seals and pump components vulnerable to abrasion and corrosion, ceramic inlays for bulletproof vests. Semiconductor: Components for wafer production such as susceptors, levitors, quartz chambers, etc. Division Weiss Technik The companies Weiss Umwelttechnik GmbH and Weiss Klimatechnik GmbH operate under the trademark of the Weiss Technik. Karl Weiss GmbH was founded in 1956 as a manufacturer of electrophysical equipment. In 1978 it was taken over by the Schunk Group. The Weiss Technik consists of the two business units, Environmental Simulation andbusiness includes development and manufacture of complete ceiling systems for operating rooms, industrial clean room technology and air conditioning of computer rooms. Division Schunk Sinter Metals The Schunk Sinter Metals Division of the Schunk Group consists of the firms of Schunk Sintermetalltechnik GmbH Giessen, Schunk Sintermetalltechnik GmbH Thale and Sintermetalltechnik S.A. de C.V. Mexiko. Schunk Sinter Metals primarily produces sintered structural parts such as gearwheels, camshaft adjusters, locking cams, metal injection mold (MIM) parts as well as precision bearings. The main users are in the automotive and electric industries, or are producers of household and power tools and medical technology.Division Schunk Sonosystems Schunk Sonosystems GmbH came about by merging the firms of Schunk Ultraschalltechnik GmbH and STAPLA Ultraschalltechnik GmbH. The products of this division cover the entire spectrum of welding applications using ultrasonic welding. This likewise includes amalgamation of non-ferrous metals and thermoplastic synthetics. In the late 1970s Schunk developed ultrasonic metal welding to industrial marketability. It is now mainly used to weld cable trees in the automotive industry. History Ludwig Schunk and Karl Ebe in 1913 founded the carbon brush factory Schunk+Ebe oHG in Fulda. In 1918 the company moved to Heuchelheim. In 1923 brush holders were includedfounded in Rowville, Australia. In 2004 the Federal President, in connection with his first official trip through Germany, visited the plant. In 2005, the company was awarded the prize of "Hesse Champion" by the prime minister of Hesse, Roland Koch. In 2006 the Schunk Group joined the Make Things initiative of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) (Association of German Engineers). In 2007, the internet portal created by Schunk in the framework of that initiative, www.ingenieurparadies.com (Engineers Paradise), commenced operation. In 2007 EHW Thale Email GmbH was sold to a group of three private investors. In 2008 Schunk received the VDI'sBest Practice Award in the Promoting initiative category for its Engineers Paradise internet portal. The Ministry of the Environment of Baden-Württemberg once again awarded a prize to Schunk for its innovative manufacturing design of a fuel cell stack. In 2010 Schunk completed the largest expansion in its almost 100 years of corporate history. Over the course of four years permanent investments were made in the division of high temperature applications. Thanks to this expansion of its capacity at the Heuchelheim site, Schunk today produces the largest carbon fiber plates for the semiconductor and solar industries worldwide. In 2012 Schunk receivedthe state of Hesse's innovation and growth award “Hesse Champion 2012” in the global market leader category for its automotive carbon brushes. 2013 Schunk celebrates its 100th jubilee. 2015 For the first time ever, Schunk Group generated a global turnover of more than one billion euros in 2015. In 2016, Schunk Group acquired manufacturers for ultrasonic welding machines Ultrasonics Steckmann. In 2018, Proterra and Schunk Carbon Technology worked together to standardize its charging and communication systems for power-agnostic vehicles. Literature Jens Kauer: Die Firma Schunk & Ebe. Geschichte eines mittelhessischen Unternehmens der Elektrotechnik 1913–1947. Gießen 1993 Paul G. Kirsch (Hrsg.): ### Assistant:
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### User: Ribes velutinum is a species of currant known by the common name desert gooseberry. Distribution It is endemic to the deserts and mountains of the Western United States. It is native to areas in Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Nevada, California, and Arizona), It grows in many types of habitat, including sagebrush scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, and yellow pine forest. Description Ribes velutinum is a spreading shrub with a thick, arching, multibranched stem growing up to 2 meters (80 inches) long. Nodes along the stems are armed with spines which may reach 2 centimeters (0.8 inch) in length. These are spines, ### Assistant:
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### User: Kirkibost is a low-lying island west of North Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Geography Kirkibost, along with neighbouring Baleshare, is covered by a machair system of coastal plains covered with shell sand, part covered by grass, with some sand dunes, fens and peat. Together with Baleshare, it forms part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The small islands of Eilean Mòr, Bior-eilean and Sròmaigh lie between Kirkibost and North Uist. Wildlife The island is important for corncrakes, various wading birds and overwintering wildfowl. Economy Kirkibost has been cultivated in the past, but is now used only for ### Assistant:
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### User: Mats Christéen (born February 13, 1982) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. Christéen was drafted 236th overall by the Nashville Predators in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft though he never played in the National Hockey League. He played 16 games in Elitserien for his hometown team Södertälje SK between 2001 and 2003. He finished his career in 2007 after spending three seasons with AIK IF. After retiring, Christéen opened a furniture shop in Brooklyn, New York called Foundrywood. He has also worked as a model. References External links Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:AIK IF players Category:Örebro HK players ### Assistant:
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### User: The Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Latin for "Little Book of the Medicinal Herbs of the Indians") is an Aztec herbal manuscript, describing the medicinal properties of various plants used by the Aztecs. It was translated into Latin by Juan Badiano, from a Nahuatl original composed in the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco in 1552 by Martín de la Cruz that is no longer extant. The Libellus is also known as the Badianus Manuscript, after the translator; the Codex de la Cruz-Badiano, after both the original author and translator; and the Codex Barberini, after Cardinal Francesco Barberini, who hadpossession of the manuscript in the early 17th century. The Badianus Manuscript of 1552 is the first illustrated and descriptive scientific text of Nahua medicine and botany produced in the Americas. The original text was produced in Nahuatl and translated to Latin for European readers. It is a significant text in the history of botany and the history of medicine. History In 1552 Jacobo de Grado, the friar in charge of the Convent of Tlatelolco and the College of Santa Cruz, had the herbal created and translated for Don Francisco de Mendoza, son of Don Antonio de Mendoza, the viceroyof New Spain. Mendoza sent the Latin manuscript to Spain, where it was deposited into the royal library. There it presumably remained until the early 17th century, when it somehow came into the possession of Diego de Cortavila y Sanabria, pharmacist to King Philip IV. From Cortavila it travelled to the Italian Cardinal Francesco Barberini, possibly via intermediate owners. The manuscript remained in the Barberini library until 1902, when the Barberini library became part of the Vatican Library, and the manuscript along with it. Finally, in 1990 — over four centuries after it was sent to Spain — Pope Johnbut is now lost. Dal Pozzo and de' Stelluti were both members of the Accademia dei Lincei. There are several published editions of the manuscript, beginning with the one by William E. Gates in 1939, now reissued in an inexpensive edition by Dover Books. Gates acquired photographs of the manuscript in Latin and water color renderings of the botanical drawings. He published both the original Latin manuscript as well as his translation to English. The reissued edition of Gates's manuscript has a very useful introduction by Bruce Byland, recounting the publication history of the manuscript and subsequent scholarship. At thesame time Gates was working on this publication, another was being prepared for publication by Emily Walcott Emmart. This resulted in a full-color facsimile publication, transcription, and translation to English, with notes and commentary. In 1964, an edition of the manuscript was published in full-color facsimile, with a translation of the Latin to Spanish. The manuscript has been mainly studied by scholars interested in history of medicine and history of botany. In history of medicine, there has been some focus on the extent to which the manuscript might be incorporating aspects of European humoral theories of medicine or whether text ### Assistant:
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### User: Třebonice was founded in the thirteenth century, and became part of Prague in 1968. It is now part of the Prague 5 administrative district, and the local government districts of Prague 13 and Prague 17. Třebonice is part of Zličín and Řeporyje. The area is 4.58 km2, the population is 461 and the population density is 101 inhabitants / km2. Třebonice also includes the settlements of Chaby and Krteň (currently unoccupied). There are plans to build a new district, to be called Západní Město (West Town), which will extend towards Třebonic. Třebonice is served by a station at Zličín, on ### Assistant:
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### User: Gideon Adams (February 11, 1755 – June 20, 1834) was a farmer, soldier, and politician in Upper Canada, British North America, British Empire, now Ontario, Canada. Gideon Adams was born in Connecticut, in 1755 and moved with his family, in 1764, to Arlington, in the New Hampshire Grants. He served, during the American Revolution, as an ensign, in his father's British Loyalist, military company, Adams' Rangers, and later, as a Lieutenant, with Jessup's Loyal Rangers. Following the war, along with other, Loyalist families, Gideon Adams and his family settled in Edwardsburg Township, later moving to South Gower Township, Upper Canada,British North America, British Empire, now North Gower Township, Ontario, Canada in 1818. Adams was named a justice of the peace, in the Eastern District of Ontario in 1796. He also, served, as a major, in the local, Canadian militia, during the War of 1812. Adams represented Grenville, in the 6th Parliament of Upper Canada. Gideon Adams died, in South Gower Township, Upper Canada, in 1834. References Adams, Robert Train and Douglass Graem Adams. A Family Record of Dr. Samuel Adams, United Empire Loyalist of Vermont and Upper Canada: The First Five Generations Descending from William Adams of Ipswich (1594-1661) ### Assistant:
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### User: Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon is a 2008 Hong Kong action war drama film loosely based on parts of the 14th-century Chinese classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It was directed by Daniel Lee with a reported budget of US$25 million. The film is a joint production between Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China and South Korea. The film publicity said that the film's script received inspiration of Chapter 92 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Patrick Frater of Variety said that the book is often cited as one of the four most important works in thecorpus of Chinese literature. The book is also frequently read in South Korea. Unlike the source material, which casts three sworn brothers as the protagonists, the film uses Zhao Zilong, played by Andy Lau, as the lead character. The film was one of the two Three Kingdoms-related films being produced in 2007, with the other being John Woo's two-part 288-minute Red Cliff. Plot Zhao Zilong enlists in Liu Bei's army and befriends Luo Ping'an, a fellow soldier who is also from Changshan. He scores his first victory in a night raid on an enemy camp. Liu Bei and his armyLuo helps Zhao remove his armour and tearfully beats the war drum as Zhao makes his final charge towards the enemy. Cast Andy Lau as Zhao Zilong, the main character. Regarding his performance, Lau said "There are three perspectives on Zhao; historians' professional knowledge, how normal people like us remember him and his character known through a popular computer game. I can't satisfy all these, but I tried to stay true to the script." Sammo Hung said that "Lau had to portray a man from his 20s to 70s, and he did it perfectly, with the look in his eyesand all, particularly in the last scene when an invincible hero loses for the first time." Maggie Q as Cao Ying, a female warrior who wears men's clothing. In the original story, the role was that of a male character. To perform this role, Maggie Q performed several action sequences, learned how to speak Mandarin, and learned how to play the pipa, a Chinese musical instrument. In addition, Maggie Q, a vegan, refused to wear or allow the use of real animal fur during the production of the film, so the costume she wore was made from faux fur instead.Maggie Q said that at times she felt like an "outsider." In regards to the action sequences, she said "It's tough being in these guy movies, I feel like I'm always in these guy movies, I really want to do a chick flick." and in regards to the music work, she argued that she was "not a musician, not even close! It was a cause of a lot of stress. I would go to sleep crying. I feel myself more clumsy and not so feminine and so I just had shut Maggie off for a while and be this personand really believe it." Maggie said in 2008 that while the film "was probably the most difficult film I've done yet," she obtained "love and respect" for Daniel Lee and "everything attracted me about the role and the film." With regards to her character, she said that like Cao Ying, she "got to feel like that in this industry, where you sort of wish you could just be a woman and relax and be happy but it takes a lot of strength to be where you are." Regarding Maggie Q's performance, Hung said "I had doubts. But she blew meaway." Zhang Yujiao played the younger Cao Ying. Sammo Hung as Luo Ping'an, a soldier from the same hometown as Zhao Zilong. Vanness Wu as Guan Xing, Guan Yu's son. Andy On as Deng Zhi, a Shu general and a subordinate of Zhao Zilong. Ti Lung as Guan Yu, Liu Bei's sworn brother and one of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu. Elliot Ngok as Liu Bei, a warlord and the founding emperor of Shu. Pu Cunxin as Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei's advisor and the chancellor of Shu. Chen Zhihui as Zhang Fei, Liu Bei's sworn brother and one ofson. Yang Jian as Han Yao, Han De's son. Chen Guohui as Han Jing, Han De's son. Zhang Mang as Han Qi, Han De's son. Hu Jingbo as Liu Shan, the last emperor of Shu. Feng Xiaoxiao played the younger Liu Shan. Replaced cast Qian Zhijun was originally considered for the role of Liu Shan. The film producers said that they invited Qian to act in the film because, in the words of China Radio International, "they think he's a really interesting guy and the movie needs a lighthearted character for comic relief." An article from the China Film Groupfilm script was modified due to financing issues. The Liu Shan role was altered, and Qian's planned role in the film was removed. The role of Liu Shan eventually went to Hu Jingbo. Production The production companies involved in making the film are Visualizer Film Production Ltd, Taewon Entertainment, and SIL-Metropole Organization of mainland China. The individuals who headed the production were Susanna Tsang of Visualizer and Chung Taewon of Taewon. The Hong Kong company Golden Scene took sales rights within East Asia, including Japan. The company Polybona Films took sales rights within mainland China. Arclight Films took the internationalsales rights to the film, which it distributed under its Easternlight label. Arclight planned to handle the distribution at the Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France and all other international points. Daniel Lee, the director, had a US$25 million budget. The budget was used for his location shoots in mainland China, which were scheduled to begin in March 2007. Variety said that the film "apparently" was to have 40,000 extras. This would be twice the number of extras used in each of The Lord of the Rings films. Sammo Hung, a martial artist, served as the choreographer of fighting scenes.In addition, Sammo Hung also plays a character, Luo Ping'an, who is a friend of Zhao but becomes jealous of him. Hung expressed satisfaction in the performances of the actors. As of 2008, it was the largest film production that Lee had directed. The creators opted to use computer graphics, a phenomenon common among war movies with large budgets made in the 2000s. Lee said that the computer graphics were crucial for the overall war scenes and for the smaller details. Lee explained that, while filming in a desert, the weather would change constantly, with rainy weather and sunny weatheroccurring during the day and snow occurring at night. To compensate for having "four seasons in one day," computer graphics were applied to alter the presentation of the setting. Lee asked Mixfilm, a Korean company, to do the special effects for the film. Lee explained that "I wanted to film a 'documentary' version of 'The Three Kingdoms' through the characters. So I didn't want anything too beautified, and I am very satisfied with the results." With regards to historical accuracy in the film, Lee said that the creators were not striving for "100% historical authenticity which we were after" since"there were only fictional descriptions in Luo's novel and very limited reliable historical data on the costumes and weapons of the Three Kingdoms era, it did leave a lot of room for the imagination." Lee further explained that "While insisting on retaining the Chinese cultural integrity of the designs, we decided to do a revamp of all the known elements derived from careful research and to develop a visual style that conveys the feelings and moods of the Three Kingdoms period." Lee said that the historical China as depicted in the film "might differ from the historical looks in anaverage [viewer's] opinion, and would naturally surprise existing fans of the Three Kingdoms epic, [who] might already have their own preconceived visions of what each character, especially Zhao Zilong, looked like." Lee stated that the film was not intended to perfectly represent the original work, which itself is derived from various fictions and oral traditions. Lee said that his film "incorporated more creative manifestations and personalization of the stories in order to explore the character of the legendary Zhao Zilong, both as a warrior and as a man." Lee said that he had no intention of debasing the original work,nor did he have the intention of offending literary purists who were fans of the original book. Soundtrack Henry Lai Wan-man created the soundtrack. It has inspiration from the soundtracks of Ennio Morricone's "Dollars" films and several Hong Kong films such as Once Upon a Time in China. Track list: Three Kingdoms (4:27) Story of Luo Ping'an (3:35) The Ambush Squad (9:12) Save the Young Lord (8:49) Love Theme (2:54) Shu March (0:47) The Five Generals (2:28) The Northern Expedition (1:21) The Dust Bowl (3:11) The Siege (1:53) The Karmic Wheel (2:00) The Romance of the Princess (1:55) Deng Zhi(0:56) Wei Funeral (3:03) Shu Requiem (2:51) Returning the Sword (2:35) The Duel (5:43) Zhao Army (1:56) Battle on the Phoenix Height (3:25) After the Snow (3:02) Resurrection of the Dragon (2:24) Zhao Zilong (2:26) Awards 28th Hong Kong Film Awards Nominated: Best Cinematography (Tony Cheung) Nominated: Best Art Direction (Daniel Lee & Horace Ma) Nominated: Best Costume Makeup Design (Thomas Chong & Wong Ming Na) Nominated: Best Action Choreography (Sammo Hung & Yuen Tak) Nominated: Best Original Film Score (Henry Lai Wan-man) 3rd Asian Film Awards Won: Best Production Designer (Daniel Lee) Nominated: Best Composer (Henry Lai Wan-man) SignificanceDr. Ruby Cheung, the author of "Red Cliff: The Chinese-language Epic and Diasporic Chinese Spectators," described this film as one of the "immediate precedents" of the film Red Cliff. Release The world premiere of the film occurred at the CGV Yongsan Theater in central Seoul, South Korea, on Monday 31 March 2008. The main actors, Andy Lau and Maggie Q, director Daniel Lee, and crew member Sammo Hung. Many of Lau's fans waited for him outside of the CGV Yongsan; as of 2008 Lau is very popular in East Asian countries. The film was broadcast on Iran's National TV duringNowruz 2008. Reception Derek Elley of Variety said that the "[t]ightly cut movie has almost no downtime but also no sense of rush" and that the cast "is relatively clearly defined, and details of costuming, armor and massive artillery have a fresh, unfamiliar look." Elley added that the music "motors the picture and gives it a true heroic stature." There was controversy regarding the costumes worn by the cast, as some critics argued that Zhao Zilong's armour resembles the samurai's. Lee responded, saying that elements from Japanese soldier costumes originated from Chinese soldier costumes, so one should not be surprisedthat they appear like Japanese soldier costumes. In addition, some critics said that Maggie Q, an American actress, was not suitable to be placed in a Chinese period piece, due to her Eurasian appearance. Lee argued that "We didn't find it a problem at all, as historically inter-ethnic marriages were a strategy of matrimonial alliances, commonly adopted by China's rulers to establish peace with the aggressive neighbouring, non-Chinese tribes." See also List of historical drama films of Asia List of media adaptations of Romance of the Three Kingdoms Andy Lau filmography Sammo Hung filmography Notes References Further reading Guégan, Jean-Baptiste. ### Assistant:
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### User: Modern Life Is War is an American hardcore punk band formed in Marshalltown, Iowa in 2002. During Modern Life Is War's six-year original run, the band released three full-length albums and one self-titled 7" EP. Despite a growing profile on the underground hardcore circuit, and garnering critical acclaim from numerous musical outlets, Modern Life Is War announced its dissolution in early 2008; however, the band reunited in 2012. History Modern Life Is War's self-titled 7-inch E.P. was released through Lifeline Records in early 2002. Its two subsequent studio albums, 2003's My Love. My Way. and 2005's Witness are now availablethrough the Deathwish Inc. record label, which is owned and operated by Converge singer Jacob Bannon. In mid-2005, after the release of Witness, guitarist Matt Hoffman and bassist Chris Honeck left the band. They were replaced by Sjarm 13 and Tim Churchman, respectively. On February 9, 2007, M.L.I.W. announced that it had inked a record deal with Equal Vision Records. The band's third full-length album, Midnight in America, was released on August 21, 2007 to positive reviews. On February 19, 2008, the band announced on its Myspace page that it would be breaking up, and that it was planning one ### Assistant:
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### User: Sangji University (상지대학교) is a private university located in Wonju, Gangwon Province, South Korea. Established in 1955, it has seven colleges and six graduate schools. Its top areas of study are Oriental Medicine (one of only 11 in the country) and Tourism. The Sangji Foundation also manages Sangji Yeongseo College and Sangji Girls Middle and High Schools. Location The scenic campus is located on a hill in Woosan-dong and offers a wonderful view of Mt. Chiak. Many students commute to Sangji University from Seoul, which is less than two hours away. Facilities Since 2007, the university has offered an English ### Assistant:
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### User: Diaulula sandiegensis is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Discodorididae. The specific epithet sandiegensis means: "of San Diego", the Southern California city. Distribution This dorid nudibranch occurs in the eastern Pacific, from Barkley Sound, British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico. It has been confused with Diaulula boreopacifica which has a more northerly range and also occurs in Japan and Russia. Description This nudibranch grows to about 100 mm (4") in length. The background color can be white or any shade of yellow to a yellowish brown, and it has characteristic ### Assistant:
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### User: "Chiamami ancora amore" is a song by Italian singer-songwriter Roberto Vecchioni, written by Vecchioni himself, together with Claudio Guidetti, which also produced the track. The song won the 61st Sanremo Music Festival, also receiving the "Mia Martini" Critics' Prize, and the Press, Radio and TV Award. The song was released as the lead single from Vecchioni's compilation album of the same name. It peaked at number two on the Italian Singles Chart, and it was certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Background Describing the lyrical content of the song, Vecchioni claimed it refers to two different ### Assistant:
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### User: Icelandic turf houses () were the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities. 30% of Iceland was forested when it was settled, mostly with birch. Oak was the preferred timber for building Norse halls in Scandinavia, but native birch had to serve as the primary framing material on the remote island. However, Iceland did have a large amount of turf that was suitable for construction. Some structures in Norway had turf roofs, so the notion of using thisas a building material was not alien to many settlers. Construction The common Icelandic turf house would have a large foundation made of flat stones; upon this was built a wooden frame which would hold the load of the turf. The turf would then be fitted around the frame in blocks, often with a second layer, or in the more fashionable herringbone pattern. The only external wood would be the doorway which would often be decorative; the doorway would lead into the hall which would commonly have a great fire. The floor of a turf house could be covered withwood, stone or earth depending on the purpose of the building. They also contain grass on their roofs. Evolution Icelandic architecture changed in many ways in the more than 1,000 years the turf houses were being constructed. The first evolutionary step happened in the 14th century, when the Viking-style longhouses were gradually abandoned and replaced with many small and specialized interconnected buildings. Then in the late 18th century a new style started to gain momentum, the burstabær, with its wooden ends or gaflar. This is the most commonly depicted version of the Icelandic turf houses and many such survived well ### Assistant:
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### User: Likir is a village and headquarter of eponymous Subdivision in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Likir tehsil, in the Ladakh region. Khalatse is a nearby trekking place. It is famous for the nearby Klu-kkhyil (meaning "water spirits") gompa (Buddhist monastery). The Likir Monastery was first built in the 11th century and was rebuilt in the 18th century, and currently has a gold-covered Buddha statue. It is occupied by monks of the Gelukpa order. It is located 52 km from Leh. Demographics According to the 2011 census of India, Likir has 218 households. The effective ### Assistant:
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### User: Dr Stanislav Edward Shmelev is an ecological economist affiliated with the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE), currently holding a position of a Director of an NGO Environment Europe, Oxford, UK, Executive Director of Environment Europe Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and lecturing at the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of several books on sustainability and ecological economics. Background Shmelev has been a Senior Researcher at the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford (2008–2009), has been a Senior Visiting Research Associate at the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford. The main themes of his work havebeen the theory of ecological economics, methods of sustainability assessment at the macro scale, environmentally extended input-output analysis, evaluation of biodiversity, sustainable energy and waste management. Shmelev has been a Visiting Professor in ecological economics at the University of Geneva (2007), University of Paris Dauphine (2009), University of Versailles (2008-2012), Kazakh National University (2012-2014) and National University of Colombia (2015). In 2008-2009 he organised a series of lectures in ecological economics at the University of Oxford. He was named as one of the four most promising young economists in the world by the Handelsblatt newspaper at the Institute for NewConference on Sustainable Development Rio+20 in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, widely used in teaching ecological economics at Environment Europe, University of Oxford, University of Edinburgh, University of Versailles, National University of Colombia, Kazakh National University. The book is currently held in over 350 libraries all around the world according to WorldCat: https://www.worldcat.org/title/ecological-economics-sustainability-in-practice/oclc/1005107880&referer=brief_results 'Ecological Economics: Sustainability in Practice' presents the state of the art in ecological economics, an interdisciplinary field focused on the analysis of sustainability of global, national and regional economic systems. It offers a range of cutting edge methods used in sustainability research: multicriteria decision aid (MCDA), input-outputhas been acknowledged and praised by Pope Francis, Prince Charles, President Macron, Prime Minister Rutte, Government of India and Sir David Attenborough. The book was launched at the Club of Rome 50th Anniversary conference, has been shown in a large exhibition of 32 photographs hosted by the University of Oxford and presented at the UNFCCC COP24 Conference on Climate Change. The endorsements read: “The great challenge of our time is to build and nurture human communities that honor, respect, and cooperate with nature’s inherent ability to sustain life. To do so, it is critical to understand how ecosystems work —“This stunning array of images well illustrates nature’s aesthetic value and its intrinsic value too”. Prof. ROBIN ATTFIELD, Professor of Philosophy, Cardiff University. “Visualizing ecosystem services is perhaps the most effective way of popularizing this important concept”. Prof. ERNST ULRICH VON WEIZSäCKER, PhD, Co-President, The Club of Rome. “In this book Stanislav Shmelev, an ecological economist and an artist, goes far beyond the environmental social sciences and even the environmental humanities by appealing through photography to the incommensurable values that humans hold towards the environment”. Prof. JOAN MARTINEZ-ALIER, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Past President of the International Society for Ecologicalfor the state of the Earth, while also celebrating the intense and astonishing exuberance of human and biological diversity in some of the world’s most beautiful ecosystems. Shmelev’s inspired structure leads us along a carefully selected series of contexts and themes, showing clearly the importance of maintaining the stability and productivity of natural processes through global and local commitment for planetary survival in the face of global change”. Prof. PETER H. MAY, PhD, Professor of Ecological Economics, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. “This is an outstanding collection of photographs. Stanislav’s wonderful and imaginative book and sensuous photographs show ### Assistant:
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### User: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala () (20 April 1871 – 5 February 1922) was a Croatian engineer and inventor of Dutch-Polish descent. Biography Eduard Penkala was born in Liptószentmiklós (now Liptovský Mikuláš), then part of Austria-Hungary, to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the University of Vienna and Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute, graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a doctorate in organic chemistry. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then movedwith his wife to Zagreb (which was then in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub (the equivalent of slavophile), becoming a naturalized Croat. He became renowned for further development of the mechanical pencil (1906) - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink fountain pen (1907). Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of Edmund Moster, he started the Penkala-Moster Company and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. The company, now called TOZ Penkala, stillthat was billed as curing rheumatism. He had four children with his wife, Emily. Penkala died in Zagreb at the age of 50, after catching pneumonia on a business trip. He was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery. See also Edmund Moster References External links "About Eduard Slavoljub Penkala"—Biography of Eduard Slavoljub Penkala at the web site of the book Penkala Writing Instruments, by Miroslav Tischler. "History of Croatian Science: Eduard (Slavoljub) Penkala"—from the web site "Croatia - Overview of History, Culture and Science", by Darko Zubrinic. TOZ-Penkala Category:1871 births Category:1922 deaths Category:Austro-Hungarian businesspeople Category:Aviation pioneers Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery Category:Croatian ### Assistant:
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### User: Alvito Nunes or Aloyto Núñez (died 1015) was an 11th-century Count of Portugal. Following the death of Menendo González in 1008, he governed the county jointly with Toda, count Menendo's widow. Alvito Nunes was killed by Vikings during a bloody assault on Vermoim Castle, located around Vila Nova de Famalicão. He is believed to be descended from the first family Portuguese counts, that of Vímara Peres, through one Nuno Alvites (or Aloytez), probable grandson of Lucídio Vimaranes. He was followed in the county by his son Nuno Alvites who died in 1028. Marriage and issue He married Gontina with whomhe had at least four children: Nuno Alvites (d. 1028) also known as Nuño Aloytez, married to Ilduara Mendes daughter of count Menendo González, who would rule in her own right after her husband's death. Segeredo Alvites or Aloytez, husband of Adosinda Arias and father of Azenda Segerédez, wife of Diego Gutiérrez, parents of Ardio Díaz, whose daughter Urraca Fróilaz was the first wife of count Pedro Fróilaz de Traba. Segeredo and his brother Pedro accompanied King Ferdinand I of León in the reconquest of Coimbra in 1064. Pedro Alvites, documented between 1025 and 1070, abbot at Guimarães. Loba Alvites ### Assistant:
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### User: __NOTOC__ Friedrich Bonte (19 October 1896 – 10 April 1940) was the German naval officer commanding the destroyer flotilla that transported invasion troops to Narvik during the German invasion of Norway (Operation Weserübung) in April 1940. Bonte joined the Imperial German Navy in April 1914 and was retained in the German navy, where he had a steady career, reaching the rank of Fregattenkapitän (Commander) in April 1937. In November 1938, he was given command of the Second Destroyer Flotilla, and in April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitän zur See (Captain). On 26 October 1939, Bonte was type commander ofdestroyers (Führer der Zerstörer) of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. He relinquished command of the torpedoboats at the end of November 1939, but held the command over the destroyers until his death. On 10 February 1940 he was promoted to Kommodore. During the German invasion of Norway, Bonte commanded the ten destroyers carrying General Dietl's mountain troops to Narvik on 9 April 1940. On the morning of 10 April, the flotilla was attacked in Narvik fjord by British destroyers under the command of Commodore Bernard Warburton-Lee. In the ensuing battle, Bonte's flagship, the destroyer Wilhelm Heidkamp, was hit by a torpedo andexploded. Bonte and most of the crew perished. Bonte was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. At the Viktoria Gymnasium (now Helmholtz-Gymnasium) in Potsdam, he was a classmate and friend of pianist Wilhelm Kempff's. Awards Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (1 August 1916) & 1st Class (5 March 1922) Cross of Honor (24 October 1935) Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 2nd Class; 1st Class (1 April 1939) Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (16 October 1939); 1st Class (13 November 1939) Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 17 October 1940 (posthumously) as Kapitän ### Assistant:
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### User: Jairo Leonard Patiño Rosero (born 5 April 1978 in Cali) is a Colombian retired professional football midfielder. Club career Nicknamed el Viejo, Patiño started his career in 1999 at his hometown club Deportivo Cali. He moved to Atlético Huila in 1999, and then to Deportivo Pasto in 2000. In 2001, he returned to Deportivo Cali, before moving to Argentina in 2003 to join Newell's Old Boys. After impressing in the Argentine Primera División, he was signed by River Plate in 2004 where he stayed until 2006. In January 2005, River Plate turned down a £2.78m offer from English club CrystalPalace, who were then in the Premier League. He returned to Colombia to play for Atlético Nacional in 2007. In July 2007 he returned again to Argentina when he signed for Banfield After he joined San Luis F.C. in Mexico. And for the 2009–2010 season he went back to Colombia to join Atlético Nacional. International career Patiño has been a regular in the Colombia national football team. He was part of the Colombian team that reached the semi final of the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup which they lost 1-0 to Cameroon. In this game Marc-Vivien Foé collapsed and died andPatiño was the closest player on the pitch to Foé at the time, and was the first to check on his situation. He was part of the Colombian team that reached the Semi finals of the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup in which Colombia lost 3-2 to Panama. References External links Argentine Primera statistics Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Cali Category:Colombian footballers Category:2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players Category:2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:2004 Copa América players Category:2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:Categoría Primera A players Category:Argentine Primera División players Category:Liga MX players Category:Deportivo Cali footballers Category:Atlético Huila footballers Category:Deportivo Pasto ### Assistant:
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### User: Kim Sterelny (born 1950) is an Australian philosopher and professor of philosophy in the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University and Victoria University of Wellington. He is the winner of several international prizes in the philosophy of science, and was previously editor of Biology and Philosophy. He is also a member of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. He is currently the First Vice President of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (2020-2023). Work Sterelny's principal area of research isbiology. This book incorporated a number of the positions developed in previous articles on the range of topics in the philosophy of biology. At certain points Sterelny and his coauthor differed (for example, on the Darwinian treatment of emotions and on the prospects for developmental systems theory). In 2004 Sterelny's book Thought in a Hostile World: The Evolution of Human Cognition received the Lakatos Award for a distinguished contribution to the philosophy of science. This book provides a Darwinian account of the nature and evolution of human cognitive capacities, and is an important alternative to nativist accounts familiar from evolutionaryand Reality (1987 – with Michael Devitt). MIT Press: ; ; ; Blackwell Publishing ; ; The Representational Theory of Mind (1990) ; ; Sex and Death (1999 – with Paul E. Griffiths). The Evolution of Agency and Other Essays (2001). Dawkins vs. Gould (2001). New, revised edition 2003, Icon Books . Thought in a Hostile World: The evolution of human cognition (2003) ; ; What is Biodiversity (2008 – with James Maclaurin). The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisited (2011 – ed., with Brett Calcott). MIT Press, The Evolved Apprentice (2012). MIT Press, Cooperation and its Evolution (2013 – ed., ### Assistant:
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### User: General George Whichcote (1794 - 26 August 1891) was a senior officer in the British Army. He was born the fourth son of Thomas Whichcote, 5th Baronet of Aswarby Park, Lincolnshire. After attending Rugby School he enlisted as a volunteer in the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot and received a commission as an ensign in 1811. That same year he sailed on HMS Pompee to join the British army in the Spanish peninsula, where his regiment, together with the 43rd and the 95th regiments, formed the Light Division. After taking part in the Battle of Sabugal in April and in ### Assistant:
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### User: Rexford Elson Brandt (August 12, 1914 – March 21, 2000) was an American artist and educator. Much of his oeuvre consists of paintings inspired by the life and geography of the West Coast of the United States, particularly California. Brandt worked in multiple mediums including print making, oil painting and watercolor painting. He gained national recognition for his watercolor painting during the period from the mid 1930s to the 1990s. Early in his career he was associated with California Scene Painting but after World War II Brandt focused on complex, semi-abstract works. The depiction of the regenerative warmth of thesun was a central focus of his painting; he wrote that "Everyone has hang-ups, I suppose. Mine is sunshine. Not sunlight -- although I like to paint sunlight too." Brandt was an influential educator through his many years of teaching and publishing. He taught at numerous educational institutions including Riverside Junior College and the Chouinard Art Institute. Along with the painter Phil Dike, he opened the Brandt-Dike Summer School of Painting in 1947 at his home in Corona del Mar where he continued to teach summer classes for thirty-eight years. He published his first book of watercolor instruction in 1948and continued to write and publish throughout his life. In 1993 he was awarded an American Artist Achievement Award for his teaching. Life Rex Brandt was born in 1914 in San Diego, California to Alfred O. Brandt, a Swedish immigrant, and Ellen Dale Woodward. His family later moved to Los Angeles and then Riverside, California were he graduated from high school. While still in high school he took art classes at the Chouinard School of Art. He attended Riverside Junior College and went on to get his bachelor's degree at the University of California, Berkeley in 1936. While at Berkeleyhe was exposed to the ideas of Hans Hoffman, who had recently taught there. He studied Chinese landscape painting, Byzantine art, and the modernist painters Cezanne, Picasso, and Matisse. Brandt returned to Riverside Junior College as a professor of Art in 1937. Also in that year, he helped organize an exhibition of forty-five paintings by artists, many of whom are associated with California Scene Painting. Among the artists represented were Brandt, Millard Sheets, Barse Miller, Phil Dike, Milford Zornes, and George Post. In March 1938 Brandt married the sculptor and painter Joan Irving, whom he had met at Riverside JuniorJuans, Brandt reestablished his print making practice, he wrote: "I've turned again to an early love of block cutting because its power and simplicity express the way I feel about the San Juan Islands." He died at his home in Corona del Mar at the age of 85. Retrospective exhibitions have been mounted by the Newport Harbor Nautical Museum (2000) and the Laguna Art Museum (2014). Selected awards and affiliations First in Watercolor for Bay Breeze, California State Fair, 1934. First in Prints for Building the Bridges, Los Angeles County Fair, 1936. Director, Riverside Junior College Art Center, 1938–1943. Vice-President,Teacher Achievement Award for Watercolor, American Artist, 1993. Helena Modjeska Cultural Legacy Award, Orange County Arts Awards, 2000 (posthumous). Bibliography Books authored by Rex Brandt Instructional handbook for watercolor painters based on Brandt's teaching at the Chouinard Art Institute and at the Brandt-Dike Summer School. Similar in content to his Watercolor Technique in 15 Lessons. Subtitled: ": The dynamic integration of graphic elements from land and sea for expression". A similar, softbound edition was self published by Brandt entitled Notes on the Composition of Landscape Painting. Watercolor instruction, also includes an essay on painting entitled "Watercolor - A Way Oflater editions also published. Subtitled: "Notes on the composition of paintings from the Brandt Painting Workshops". An analysis of the fundamental facets of painting including psychology of the artist, line, value, color, and composition. Books featuring the work of Rex Brandt Published in conjunction with a retrospective exhibit of Brandt's work. Includes numerous reproductions of Brandt's work as well as a biography, chronology, list of classes taught by Brandt, and a list of publications by Brandt. Books including the work of Rex Brandt Republished 2007 by Dover Publications. References External links Rex Brandt holdings at the Smithsonian American Art Museum ### Assistant:
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### User: Puerto Vallarta Squeeze is a novel by Robert James Waller, which was made into a film in 2004. Originally published in 1995 and subtitled The Run for el Norte, this unlikely romance follows an American expatriate and his Mexican girlfriend on a road trip with a former Marine. The title itself may refer to the race-against-time journey that they take, which begins in Puerto Vallarta. Plot summary Former journalist Danny Pastor has relaxed in Puerto Vallarta over the past year with María de la Luz Santos, a 22-year-old woman whom he'd first met as a cantina waitress. They moved inof one. When Danny, Luz, and Price arrive in Zapata, Price gets a drink from the bar and barely recognizes another Marine. When the Marine goes off with his partner, he's referred to as "Jack" and is told to stop pining over "Linda". Carmine Jack and Linda Lobo are two prominent characters from Waller's novel Border Music. Much of the background information of the character Price come from the real life Vietnam Era Marine Sniper Carlos Hathcock, whose legendary career in Vietnam has been the basis for 4 non-fiction novels. Several of Price's stories, told first hand, seem to come ### Assistant:
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### User: Germany competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. German competitors took part in table tennis and sailing events, among others. Medallists Archery 5 competitors: Men Women Athletics 42 competitors: Men Pentathlon Women Cycling 17 competitors: Men Track Pursuits Sprints Time Trials Road Women Track Pursuits Time Trials Road Equestrian 5 competitors: Individual Team '#' denotes scores that did not count toward the team total. Goalball 6 competitors: Women Natalie Ball Conny Dietz Ina Fischer Christiane Möller Swetlana Otto Stefanie Schindler Preliminary round Group table Judo 4 competitors: Men Women Powerlifting 1 competitor: Men Rowing 6 competitors (plus 1 cox): ### Assistant:
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### User: Li Aizhen (; born May 1936) is a Chinese scientist at Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (former Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy), affiliated to Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). An expert in semiconductor material, she was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Science in 2007. Biography Born in Guangbian Village, Yongning Town, Shishi, Fujian Province, Li graduated from Quanzhou First High School in 1954, and entered Fudan University to study chemistry. She started her research career at Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy of CAS—now Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology—in 1958. From August 1980to October 1982, Li was a visiting scholar at department of electronic engineering of Carnegie-Mellon University in the United States. During her stay in the States, she visited Bell Labs and met with Alfred Y. Cho, the "father of molecular beam epitaxy". On May 1, 2007, Li was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Science (NAS), thus became the first female Chinese scientist to receive this honor. As of 2018 Li has not been admitted into the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and is the only non-academician from China who has been elected into theNAS as a foreign associate. She is also a recipient of the 2004 Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) Prize in Engineering Sciences. Contributions Li has made substantial contributions to the development of electronic devices and laser technology. Honours and awards 2003 Member of the Asia Pacific Academy of Materials (APAM) 2004 Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) Prize in Engineering Sciences May 2007 Foreign associate of the National Academy of Science (NAS) References Category:1936 births Category:Chinese women physicists Category:Living people Category:People from Shishi, Fujian Category:Hokkien scientists Category:Physicists from Fujian Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy ### Assistant:
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### User: Capel Garmon is a village near Betws-y-Coed in the county borough of Conwy, Wales. It is situated high above the Conwy valley, in the community of Bro Garmon, and commands views over Snowdonia. The village is known for the neolithic burial chamber nearby. The parish church of St Garmon was originally a chapel of ease to the parish of Llanrwst, serving the areas of Garth Garmon and Tybrith Uchaf. Capel Garmon became a separate parish in 1927. The current chapel, the latest in a series of churches at the site, was consecrated in 1862 but is now closed. The burial ### Assistant:
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### User: The Haunting of Morella is a 1990 horror film directed by Jim Wynorski. He made it back to back with Transylvania Twist at Concorde's studios. The film was an attempt by Roger Corman to make a film in the vein of his Poe movies from the 1960s. Plot A witch is put to death in Colonial America, leaving her husband and infant daughter behind. Seventeen years later, the daughter has grown up and stands to inherit money set up by her mother's family. Now that the stage is set, the mother wants to return to life by taking over her ### Assistant:
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### User: The Namco Galaga is an 8-bit arcade game system board which was first used by Namco in 1981; the fourth and fifth titles to use it, Xevious and its 1984 update Super Xevious, were also modified to support a 129-color palette. Namco Galaga specifications Main, graphics and sound CPU: two Zilog Z80 microprocessors, 2.5 MHz; one Zilog Z80A microprocessor, 4.0 MHz Sound chip: Uses the same custom three-channel WSG (Waveform Sound Generator) as the Namco Pac-Man hardware. Other chips: Custom input/output controller (type 1) which handles the controls. Bosconian also has a second input/output controller (type 1) which handles thespeech (from a Namco 54XX DAC). Video resolution: 224 x 288 (Bosconian, like Rally-X and New Rally-X, has the monitor in a landscape orientation. The other games are portrait.) Notes: Each of the five games uses a different video board (except Xevious and Super Xevious, which use the same one). List of Namco Galaga arcade games Galaga (1981) - sequel to Galaxian Bosconian (1981) - the first game to have a continue feature Dig Dug (1982) Xevious (1982) Super Xevious (1984) Battles (1982) - bootleg of Xevious Gallag (1982) - bootleg of Galaga Xevios (1982) - bootleg of Xevious Zig ### Assistant:
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### User: Business Unusual is a BBC Books original novel written by Gary Russell and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Sixth Doctor, Melanie Bush, and the Brigadier. This novel depicts Mel's first adventure with the Doctor, an event not depicted in the television series. Mel's first appearance in the programme, Terror of the Vervoids, was set in the Doctor's future relative to his trial in the season-long story The Trial of a Time Lord. The Doctor subsequently met Mel in the final segment of that story, The Ultimate Foe, but this Mel wasfrom his future and had already met him. Thus, the events of Business Unusual represent Mel's first encounter with the Doctor, but not the Doctor's first encounter with Mel. Business Unusual also plugs another hole in Doctor Who history: in the original series, all the Doctors except the First and Sixth shared at least one adventure with Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. This novel was the first attempt to match the Sixth Doctor with the Brigadier; the 2000 Big Finish audio drama The Spectre of Lanyon Moor would bring both characters and the actors who played them together. Some of the plot elementsof Business Unusual (the Pale Man and the Irish twins Ciara and Cellian) form part of a trilogy of novels which began in Gary Russell's Virgin Missing Adventures novel The Scales of Injustice and concluded in his PDA Instruments of Darkness. The novel's plot involves a corporation called SenéNet, as anagram of Nestene who are behind it. Much as Gary Russell's follow-up novel, Instruments of Darkness, contradicted the Big Finish audio history of Evelyn Smythe, this novel treads heavily over the Big Finish history of the Brigadier. Both this novel and the audio The Spectre of Lanyon Moor chronicle the ### Assistant:
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### User: WNSY (100.1 FM) is a commercial FM radio station in northwest Georgia, licensed to Talking Rock. It is owned by Davis Broadcasting of Atlanta and it simulcasts WJZA on 1310 kHz in Decatur. The two stations, along with an Atlanta FM translator station at 101.1 MHz, simulcast a smooth jazz radio format. The stations use the dial position of the translator, calling themselves "101.1 WJZA." WNSY's transmitter is near Jasper, Georgia, about 50 miles north of metro Atlanta. Its broadcast range is most of northwest Georgia, but too far from Atlanta to be heard in the city and its close-insuburbs. History The station's construction permit was applied for from the Federal Communications Commission in 1995. It went on the air as WCHK-FM in 1998. The original WCHK-FM 105.5 is now WRDA 105.7 and owned by iHeartMedia. The station at 100.1 became oldies Sunny 100 in 1999. In January 2007, Davis Broadcasting of Columbus, Georgia, completed the purchase of WNSY and WCHK. WNSY, Sunny 100 went off the air on the morning of January 22, 2007, and returned on February 1 with the simulcast of WLKQ, carrying Regional Mexican programming. Listeners to Sunny 100 were surprised by the loss of ### Assistant:
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### User: George Masso (November 17, 1926- October 22, 2019) was an American jazz trombonist, bandleader, vibraphonist, and composer specializing in swing and Dixieland. Masso is notable for his work from 1948–1950 as a member of the Jimmy Dorsey band. Finding the life of a professional jazz musician financially difficult, Masso quit performing following his work with Dorsey. He returned to music in 1973 and performed with Bobby Hackett and Benny Goodman. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he recorded with Barbara Lea, Bob Haggart, and Yank Lawson. Discography As leader Choice N.Y.C. Bone (Famous Door, 1979) A Swinging Case ofMasso-Ism (Famous Door, 1981) Dialogue at Condon's with Al Klink (World Jazz, 1981) Pieces of Eight (Dreamstreet, 1982) No Frills, Just Music (Famous Door, 1984) Just for a Thrill (Sackville, 1990) Play Arlen with Spike Robinson (Hep, 1992) Let's Be Buddies with Dan Barrett (Arbors, 1994) That Old Gang of Mine (Arbors, 1997) Just Friends with Ken Peplowski (Nagel Heyer, 2002) As sideman With World's Greatest Jazz Band of Yank Lawson & Bob Haggart Plays Cole Porter (World Jazz, 1975) Plays Duke Ellington (World Jazz, 1976) Plays George Gershwin (World Jazz, 1977) On Tour Vol 1 and 2 (World Jazz,1977) With others Ruby Braff, Variety Is the Spice of Braff (Arbors, 2002) Buck Clayton, Buck Clayton Jam Session Vol. 2 (Chiaroscuro, 1975) Buck Clayton, A Buck Clayton Jam Session Vol. IV (Chiaroscuro, 1977) James L. Dean & Claudio Roditi, On the Run (Cexton, 1993) Tommy Gwaltney, Pee Wee Russell's Land of Jazz: A Memorial Tribute (Teaspoon, 1982) Benny Goodman, Live at Carnegie Hall 40th Anniversary Concert (Decca, 1978) Scott Hamilton & Warren Vache, Skyscrapers (Concord Jazz, 1980) Woody Herman, A Great American Evening Vol. 3 (Concord Jazz, 1983) Jerry Jerome, Something Old, Something New (Arbors, 1997) Eiji Kitamura, NoCount (Concord Jazz, 1983) Yank Lawson, Plays Mostly the Blues (Audiophile, 1986) Barbara Lea, You're the Cats! (Audiophile, 1989) Peggy Lee, Love Held Lightly (Angel, 1993) Butch Miles, Butch Miles Salutes Gene Krupa (Famous Door, 1982) Butch Miles, Introducing the Ivory Coast Suite (Dreamstreet, 1986) Eddie Miller, It's Miller Time (Famous Door, 1980) Glenn Miller, In the Digital Mood (GRP, 1983) Randy Sandke, The Music of Bob Haggart (Arbors, 2002) George Shearing, George Shearing in Dixieland (Concord Jazz, 1989) Maxine Sullivan, Together (Atlantic, 1987) Charlie Ventura, Chazz '77 (Famous Door, 1977) Bob Wilber, Bufadora Blow-up (Arbors, 1997) Glenn Zottola, Secret ### Assistant:
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### User: Tate Publishing & Enterprises, LLC was a Christian publisher that printed books of all types. In general, it operated on the vanity press model in which most authors paid for the publication of their books. Its publishing charges may have been refunded for books with sufficient sales volumes. The company was founded by Richard and Rita Tate and was located in Mustang, Oklahoma. The company also ran the Tate Music Group record label. In May 2012, 25 employees, out of over 200, were fired. According to the company president, this was a disciplinary action rather than a layoff, in response ### Assistant:
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### User: Corythoxestis tricalysiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Okinawa, Japan. The wingspan is 6.6–7 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous to greyish-purple with whitish spots. The hindwings are dark grey. The larvae feed on Tricalysia dubia. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a long serpentine and linear mine. The frass is brownish to blackish. Usually, there are one to three mines on a single leaf. Older larvae are yellow. Etymology The name is derived from Tricalysia, the scientific name of the host plant. References Category:Moths described in ### Assistant:
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### User: The Decadence of Industrial Democracies: Disbelief and Discredit, Volume 1 () is a 2004 book by the French philosopher Bernard Stiegler. The French original was published by Galilée. The English translation by Daniel Ross and Suzanne Arnold was published by Polity Press in 2011. It is the first volume of a three-volume series; the second and third volumes were published in French in 2006. Secondary literature Tom Bunyard, Technoreformism Daniel Ross, The Cinematic Condition of the Politico-Philosophical Future. Daniel Ross, Politics and Aesthetics, or, Transformations of Aristotle in Bernard Stiegler. Category:Works by Bernard Stiegler Category:2004 non-fiction books Category:2011 non-fiction books ### Assistant:
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### User: Moon of the Blood Beast is a 2019 American horror film directed and written by Dustin Ferguson. It stars D.T. Carney and Vida Ghaffari. The film premiered on After Hours Cinema on WGUD-TV 51. Plot An infamous, mythical blood beast strikes terror in a small coastal town. This vicious blood beast returns every time there is a cycle of the Harvest Moon to get sacrifices in exchange for protecting the residents of this secluded town. Cast D.T. Carney as Frank Vida Ghaffari as Noel Johnson Mike Ferguson as Gabe Smith Dawna Lee Heising as Bernadette Alan Maxson as Blood Beast ### Assistant:
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### User: The Wiltshire Times is a weekly newspaper published in Trowbridge, Wiltshire in South West England. The paper serves the west Wiltshire towns of Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Corsham, Chippenham, Warminster, Westbury and Melksham and the surrounding rural areas. For the year 2018, the paper's average circulation was 6,179. The paper covers news in all parts of Wiltshire, concentrating on events within its west Wiltshire coverage area. The Wiltshire Times and its sister paper the Wiltshire Gazette & Herald share offices at the White Horse Business Park in North Bradley, on the outskirts of Trowbridge. In 2019 they moved from 15 ### Assistant:
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### User: is a former Japanese football player. Club career Nagira was born in Izumo on October 17, 1985. After graduating from high school, he joined Avispa Fukuoka in 2004. He debuted in 2005 and his opportunity to play increased year by year. He moved to FC Tokyo in 2011. However he could hardly play in the match and he moved to Gainare Tottori in 2012. In 2013, although he played as regular player, he retired end of 2013 season. National team career In June 2005, Nagira was selected Japan U-20 national team for 2005 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he ### Assistant:
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### User: Bernhard Solger (5 December 1849, Untermerzbach – 21 February 1935, Neisse) was a German anatomist. He studied medicine at the Universities of Erlangen, Würzburg, Tübingen and Munich. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a doctor in a field hospital. In 1872 he obtained his doctorate from the University of Würzburg, later working as an assistant at the University of Breslau (1875). Beginning in 1877, he worked as a prosector at the University of Halle, where in 1882 he gained an associate professorship. In 1886, he was appointed professor of anatomy at the University of Greifswald. In 1904 he settled ### Assistant:
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### User: Variegatic acid (3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxypulvinic acid) is an orange pigment found in some mushrooms. It is responsible for the bluing reaction seen in many bolete mushrooms when they are injured. When mushroom tissue containing variegatic acid is exposed to air, the chemical is enzymatically oxidized to blue quinone methide anions, specifically chinonmethid anions. It is derived from xerocomic acid, which is preceded by atromentic acid and atromentin, and its genetic basis is unknown. In its oxidized form (due to the production of a second lactone ring) is variegatorubin, similar to xerocomorubin. It was first isolated from Suillus variegatus. It has strong antioxidant ### Assistant:
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