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L_0899
ferromagnetic material
T_4442
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/ferromagnetic_material_22841.png
L_0901
force
T_4446
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/force_22842.png
L_0901
force
T_4447
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/force_22843.png
L_0902
forms of energy
T_4449
FIGURE 1.1 This drummer has mechanical energy as he moves the drumsticks to hit the drums and cymbals. The moving drumsticks also have mechanical energy, but they would have mechanical energy even if they werent moving. Thats because they have the potential to fall when the drum- mer is holding them above the floor. This potential energy is due to gravity.
image
textbook_images/forms_of_energy_22844.png
L_0902
forms of energy
T_4449
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/forms_of_energy_22845.png
L_0902
forms of energy
T_4449
FIGURE 1.3 The bright lights on this stage use elec- trical energy. They are wired into the electrical system of the of the hall. The guitars and microphone also use electri- cal energy. You can see the electrical cords running from them to the outlet on the floor below the musicians.
image
textbook_images/forms_of_energy_22846.png
L_0902
forms of energy
T_4449
FIGURE 1.4 starts with vibrations of his vocal cords, which are folds of tissue in his throat. The vibrations pass to surrounding particles of matter and then from one particle to another in waves. Sound waves can travel through air, water, and other substances, but not through empty space.
image
textbook_images/forms_of_energy_22847.png
L_0904
frequency and pitch of sound
T_4453
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/frequency_and_pitch_of_sound_22850.png
L_0904
frequency and pitch of sound
T_4453
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/frequency_and_pitch_of_sound_22851.png
L_0905
friction
T_4455
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/friction_22852.png
L_0905
friction
T_4455
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/friction_22853.png
L_0905
friction
T_4456
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/friction_22854.png
L_0905
friction
T_4456
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/friction_22855.png
L_0906
fundamental particles
T_4459
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/fundamental_particles_22857.png
L_0907
gamma decay
T_4463
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/gamma_decay_22858.png
L_0908
gamma rays
T_4467
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/gamma_rays_22859.png
L_0910
gravity
T_4474
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/gravity_22864.png
L_0911
groups with metalloids
T_4477
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/groups_with_metalloids_22865.png
L_0911
groups with metalloids
T_4480
FIGURE 1.2 Boron is a very hard, black metalloid with a high melting point. In the mineral called borax, it is used to wash clothes. In boric acid, it is used as an eyewash and insecticide.
image
textbook_images/groups_with_metalloids_22866.png
L_0911
groups with metalloids
T_4480
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/groups_with_metalloids_22867.png
L_0911
groups with metalloids
T_4481
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/groups_with_metalloids_22868.png
L_0911
groups with metalloids
T_4481
FIGURE 1.5 Tellurium is a silvery white, brittle met- alloid. It is toxic and may cause birth defects. Tellurium can conduct electricity when exposed to light, so it is used to make solar panels. It has several other uses as well. For example, it makes steel and copper easier to work with and lends color to ceramics.
image
textbook_images/groups_with_metalloids_22869.png
L_0912
halogens
T_4483
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/halogens_22870.png
L_0912
halogens
T_4484
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/halogens_22871.png
L_0913
hearing and the ear
T_4487
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/hearing_and_the_ear_22873.png
L_0914
hearing loss
T_4491
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/hearing_loss_22875.png
L_0915
heat
T_4495
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/heat_22878.png
L_0915
heat
T_4495
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/heat_22879.png
L_0916
heat conduction
T_4498
FIGURE 1.1 Hot Iron: A hot iron removes the wrinkles in a shirt. Hot Cocoa: Holding a cup of hot cocoa feels good when you have cold hands. Camp Stove: This camp stove can be used to cook food in a small pot. Snow: Ouch! Can you imagine how cold this snow must feel on bare feet?
image
textbook_images/heat_conduction_22880.png
L_0917
heating systems
T_4500
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/heating_systems_22881.png
L_0917
heating systems
T_4502
FIGURE 1.2 Warm-air heating system.
image
textbook_images/heating_systems_22882.png
L_0917
heating systems
T_4502
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/heating_systems_22883.png
L_0919
hydrocarbons
T_4511
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/hydrocarbons_22886.png
L_0919
hydrocarbons
T_4512
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/hydrocarbons_22887.png
L_0920
hydrogen and alkali metals
T_4515
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/hydrogen_and_alkali_metals_22888.png
L_0920
hydrogen and alkali metals
T_4516
FIGURE 1.2 Hydrogen has the smallest, lightest atoms of all elements. Pure hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is nontoxic but highly flammable. Hydrogen gas exists mainly as diatomic (two-atom) molecules (H2 ), as shown in the diagram on the right. Hydrogen is the most abun- dant element in the universe and the third most abundant element on Earth, occur- ring mainly in compounds such as water.
image
textbook_images/hydrogen_and_alkali_metals_22889.png
L_0920
hydrogen and alkali metals
T_4516
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/hydrogen_and_alkali_metals_22890.png
L_0920
hydrogen and alkali metals
T_4516
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/hydrogen_and_alkali_metals_22891.png
L_0921
hydrogen bonding
T_4518
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/hydrogen_bonding_22892.png
L_0923
inclined plane
T_4526
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/inclined_plane_22894.png
L_0923
inclined plane
T_4526
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/inclined_plane_22895.png
L_0924
inertia
T_4527
FIGURE 1.1 Inertia explains why its important to always wear a seat belt.
image
textbook_images/inertia_22896.png
L_0924
inertia
T_4529
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/inertia_22897.png
L_0925
intensity and loudness of sound
T_4531
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/intensity_and_loudness_of_sound_22899.png
L_0926
internal combustion engines
T_4534
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/internal_combustion_engines_22901.png
L_0928
ionic bonding
T_4539
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/ionic_bonding_22902.png
L_0928
ionic bonding
T_4540
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/ionic_bonding_22903.png
L_0929
ionic compounds
T_4543
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/ionic_compounds_22904.png
L_0930
ions
T_4548
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/ions_22906.png
L_0931
isomers
T_4554
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/isomers_22907.png
L_0931
isomers
T_4554
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/isomers_22908.png
L_0931
isomers
T_4554
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/isomers_22909.png
L_0931
isomers
T_4554
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/isomers_22910.png
L_0932
isotopes
T_4558
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/isotopes_22911.png
L_0933
kinetic energy
T_4561
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/kinetic_energy_22912.png
L_0934
kinetic theory of matter
T_4563
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/kinetic_theory_of_matter_22914.png
L_0936
law of reflection
T_4567
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/law_of_reflection_22916.png
L_0936
law of reflection
T_4567
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/law_of_reflection_22917.png
L_0936
law of reflection
DD_0266
This diagram shows Ray (optics). In optics, a ray is an idealized model of light, obtained by choosing a line that is perpendicular to the wave fronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer. All three rays should meet at the same point. The Principal Ray or Chief Ray (sometimes known as the b ray) in an optical system is the meridional ray that starts at the edge of the object and passes through the center of the aperture stop. This ray crosses the optical axis at the locations of the pupils. As such, chief rays are equivalent to the rays in a pinhole camera. The Central Ray is perpendicular to Infrared Radiation. The third one, called the Focal Ray, is a mirror image of the parallel ray. The focal ray is drawn from the tip of the object through (or towards) the focal point, reflecting off the mirror parallel to the principal axis.
image
teaching_images/optics_ray_diagrams_9167.png
L_0936
law of reflection
DD_0267
This diagram explains the law of reflection and shows how light gets reflected from a surface. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (i) is always equal to the angle of reflection (r). The angles of both reflected and incident ray are measured relative to the imaginary dotted-line, called normal, that is perpendicular (at right angles) to the mirror (reflective surface).
image
teaching_images/optics_reflection_9179.png
L_0936
law of reflection
DD_0268
The reflection of a tree shines in to the lake. When the human eye sees the reflection from the tree on the water it looks the right direction. The image of the tree is upside down. The water reflection on the lake makes things upright to the human eye.
image
teaching_images/optics_ray_diagrams_9168.png
L_0936
law of reflection
DD_0269
This diagram depicts how light rays can reflect off various surfaces. Incident rays will reflect back at a specific angle if the surface is smooth. A rough or broken surface will have reflected rays with a wide variety of reflected angles. The left part of the diagram shows why your reflection in a mirror is smooth and natural looking.
image
teaching_images/optics_reflection_9183.png
L_0937
lens
T_4570
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/lens_22920.png
L_0938
lever
T_4575
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/lever_22921.png
L_0939
light
T_4577
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/light_22922.png
L_0939
light
T_4579
FIGURE 1.2 Visible light spectrum.
image
textbook_images/light_22923.png
L_0939
light
T_4580
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/light_22924.png
L_0940
lipid classification
T_4582
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/lipid_classification_22925.png
L_0940
lipid classification
T_4582
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/lipid_classification_22926.png
L_0940
lipid classification
T_4583
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/lipid_classification_22927.png
L_0942
longitudinal wave
T_4586
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/longitudinal_wave_22932.png
L_0942
longitudinal wave
T_4588
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/longitudinal_wave_22933.png
L_0943
magnetic field reversal
T_4589
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/magnetic_field_reversal_22934.png
L_0943
magnetic field reversal
T_4590
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/magnetic_field_reversal_22935.png
L_0944
magnets
T_4592
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/magnets_22936.png
L_0944
magnets
T_4592
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/magnets_22937.png
L_0944
magnets
T_4592
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/magnets_22938.png
L_0946
mechanical advantage
T_4598
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mechanical_advantage_22939.png
L_0947
mechanical wave
T_4602
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mechanical_wave_22940.png
L_0949
mendeleevs periodic table
T_4606
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mendeleevs_periodic_table_22942.png
L_0949
mendeleevs periodic table
T_4607
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/mendeleevs_periodic_table_22943.png
L_0950
metallic bonding
T_4610
FIGURE 1.1 Metallic bonds.
image
textbook_images/metallic_bonding_22944.png
L_0950
metallic bonding
T_4610
FIGURE 1.2 Metal worker shaping iron metal.
image
textbook_images/metallic_bonding_22945.png
L_0951
metalloids
T_4612
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/metalloids_22946.png
L_0951
metalloids
T_4613
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/metalloids_22947.png
L_0952
metals
T_4615
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/metals_22948.png
L_0953
microwaves
T_4617
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/microwaves_22949.png
L_0953
microwaves
T_4619
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/microwaves_22950.png
L_0953
microwaves
T_4620
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/microwaves_22951.png
L_0954
mirrors
T_4622
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mirrors_22952.png
L_0954
mirrors
T_4623
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/mirrors_22953.png
L_0954
mirrors
T_4624
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/mirrors_22954.png
L_0954
mirrors
T_4624
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/mirrors_22955.png
L_0956
modern periodic table
T_4630
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/modern_periodic_table_22959.png
L_0956
modern periodic table
T_4633
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/modern_periodic_table_22960.png
L_0957
molecular compounds
T_4636
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/molecular_compounds_22961.png
L_0958
momentum
T_4638
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/momentum_22962.png
L_0959
motion
T_4641
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/motion_22963.png
L_0959
motion
T_4641
FIGURE 1.2 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/5019
image
textbook_images/motion_22964.png
L_0960
musical instruments
T_4643
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/musical_instruments_22965.png