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STS-101 | Short description | STS-101 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. The mission was a 10-day mission conducted between 19 May 2000 and 29 May 2000. The mission was designated 2A.2a and was a resupply mission to the International Space Station. STS-101 was delayed 3 times in April due to high winds. STS-101 traveled 4.1 million miles and completed 155 revolutions of the earth and landed on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center. The mission was the first to be flown by a shuttle equipped with a glass cockpit. |
STS-101 | Crew | Crew |
STS-101 | Spacewalks | Spacewalks
Voss and Williams – EVA 1
EVA 1 Start: 22 May 2000 – 01:48 UTC
EVA 1 End: 22 May 2000 – 08:32 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 44 minutes |
STS-101 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. 1 Halsell 2 Horowitz 3 Weber 4 Williams 5 Voss 6 Helms 7 Usachov |
STS-101 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
The flight was originally given the designation "2A.2", serving as a logistics flight to carry cargo to the then-uncrewed space station, in between 2A.1/STS-96 and 3A/STS-92. STS-101 was originally planned to arrive after the Service Module Zvezda, but when Zvezda fell further behind, mission 2A.2 was split into 2A.2a and 2A.2b, the former arriving before Zvezda and the latter arriving after. The original plan for STS-101 was to have crewmembers perform a spacewalk to connect cables to Zvezda, but when the module slipped, so did the EVA, and the three spacewalk crewmembers Lu, Williams, and Malenchenko followed their EVA onto STS-106. Needing three additional crew for STS-101, the Expedition 2 crew of Voss, Helms, and Usachov joined the STS-101 crew for a short mission to their future home.
STS-101 delivered supplies to the International Space Station, hauled up using a Spacehab double module and an Integrated Cargo Carrier pallet. The crew performed a spacewalk and then reboosted the station from to .
Detailed objectives included ISS ingress/safety to take air samples, monitor carbon dioxide, deploy portable, personal fans, measure air flow, rework/modify ISS ducting, replace air filters, and replace Zarya fire extinguishers and smoke detectors. Critical replacements, repairs and spares were also done to replace four suspect batteries on Zarya, replace failed or suspect electronics for Zarya's batteries, replace Radio Telemetry System memory unit, replace port early communications antenna, replace Radio Frequency Power Distribution Box and clear Space Vision System target.
The mission also included incremental assembly/upgrades such as assembly of Strela crane, installation of additional exterior handrails, set up of center-line camera cable, installation of "Komparus" cable inserts and reseating the U.S. crane. Assembly parts, tools and equipment were also transferred to the station and equipment stowed for future missions.
The station was also resupplied with water, a docking mechanism accessory kit, film and video tape for documentation, office supplies and personal items. Crew health maintenance items were also transferred including exercise equipment, medical support supplies, formaldehyde monitor kit and a passive dosimetry system.
This mission was almost similar to the Columbia disaster. A damaged tile seam caused a breach which allowed superheated gas to enter the left wing during reentry. The gas did not penetrate deeply and the damage was repaired before the next flight. If it had penetrated deeply the Shuttle could have been destroyed during reentry.
This mission was the first mission to fly with a glass cockpit.
thumb|300px|center|During STS-101, Atlantis was the first Shuttle to fly with a glass cockpit. |
STS-101 | Wake-up calls | Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Flight Day Song Artist Played for Day 2 "Free Fallin" Tom Petty Susan Helms Day 3 "Lookin' Out The Window" Stevie Ray Vaughan Day 4 "Haunted House" Roy Buchanan Day 5 "I Only Have Eyes for You" Flamingos Jim Halsell Day 6 "I'm Gonna Fly" Amy Grant Scott Horowitz Day 7 "Don't It Make You Wanna Dance" Jerry Jeff Walker Jeffrey Williams Day 8 "" () Bulat Shalvovich Yuri Usachov Day 9 "25 or 6 to 4" Chicago Day 10 "El Capitan" John Philip Sousa |
STS-101 | Gallery | Gallery |
STS-101 | See also | See also
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science |
STS-101 | References | References
STS-101 Extravehicular Activities (21/22 May) |
STS-101 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-101 Video Highlights
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2000
Category:2000 in the United States
Category:Space Shuttle missions
Category:2000 in Florida
Category:Articles containing video clips |
STS-101 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Spacewalks, Crew seat assignments, Mission highlights, Wake-up calls, Gallery, See also, References, External links |
United Kingdom Office for Library Networking | # | redirect UKOLN |
United Kingdom Office for Library Networking | Table of Content | # |
STS-106 | Short description | STS-106 was a 2000 Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. |
STS-106 | Crew | Crew |
STS-106 | Spacewalks | Spacewalks
Lu and Malenchenko – EVA 1
EVA 1 Start: 11 September 2000 – 04:47 UTC
EVA 1 End: 11 September 2000 – 11:01 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 14 minutes |
STS-106 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. 1 Wilcutt 2 Altman 3LuBurbank 4 Mastracchio 5BurbankLu 6 Malenchenko 7 Morukov |
STS-106 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
thumb|ICC STS-106
thumb|right|Launch of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and the beginning of the STS-106 mission.
thumb|right|Illustration of the International Space Station during STS-106.
right|thumb|Crewmembers pose for the inflight crew portrait.
thumb|The International Space Station as seen from STS-106. In view are the station's Unity, Zarya, and Zvezda modules, in addition to a docked Progress spacecraft.
Space Station assembly flight ISS-2A.2b utilized the SPACEHAB Double Module and the Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) to bring supplies to the station. The mission also included one spacewalk.
Veteran Astronaut Terrence Wilcutt (Col., USMC) led the seven-man crew, commanding his second Shuttle flight and making his fourth trip into space. During the planned 11-day mission, Wilcutt and his crew mates spent a week inside the ISS unloading supplies from both a double SPACEHAB cargo module in the rear of Atlantiss cargo bay and from a Russian Progress M-1 resupply craft docked to the aft end of the Zvezda Service Module. Zvezda, which linked up to the ISS on 26 July, served as the early living quarters for the station and is the cornerstone of the Russian contribution to the ISS.
Mission STS-106 was added to the manifest after delays in launching Zvezda. The STS-101 flight was originally planned to carry cargo to the ISS and have three crew perform an EVA to connect Zvezda to the ISS, but the delays caused the mission objectives of STS-101 to be split into 2A.2a (STS-101) and 2A.2b (STS-106). The three spacewalk crewmembers Lu, Williams, and Malenchenko followed their EVA onto STS-106.
The goal of the flight was to prepare Zvezda for the arrival of the first residents, or Expedition, crew later in the fall of 2000 and the start of a permanent human presence on the new outpost. That crew, made up of Expedition Commander Bill Shepherd, Soyuz Commander Yuri Gidzenko and Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev, launched on 31 October 2000 in a Soyuz capsule from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a four-month "shakedown" mission aboard the ISS.
On flight day three, Dr. Ed Lu and Yuri Malenchenko (Col., Russian Air Force), who were both making their second flights into space, conducted a 6-hour and 14 minute space walk. The spacewalk's objective focused on routing and connecting nine power, data and communications cables between the Zvezda module and the other Russian-built module, Zarya, as well as installing the six-foot-long magnetometer. The magnetometer would serve as a three-dimensional compass designed to minimize Zvezda propellant usage by relaying information to the module's computers regarding its orientation relative to the Earth.
Lu and Malenchenko used tethers and handrails along the ISS to make their way to a point more than above the cargo bay, the farthest any tethered spacewalker has ventured outside the shuttle. They completed this with the assistance of their crewmates Burbank and Mastracchio who deftly maneuvered them around with the robotic arm. This spacewalk celebrates the sixth spacewalk in support of the station assembly and the 50th spacewalk in Space Shuttle history. Also this was the second joint U.S.-Russian space walk outside a Space Shuttle, following on the work conducted by Astronaut Scott Parazynski and Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov outside Atlantis while docked to the Mir Space Station during the STS-86 mission in October 1997. Lu, designated EV 1, wore the space suit marked by red stripes, while Malenchenko, EV 2, wore the pure white suit. This was Lu's first space walk, while Malenchenko had conducted a pair of space walks totaling 12 hours during his four-month stay aboard Mir in 1994. Dan Burbank (Lt. Cmdr, USCG), who was a spaceflight rookie, served as the space walk choreographer.
Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio, also a spaceflight novice, was the prime robot arm operator for the mission, using the Canadian-built arm to move Lu and Malenchenko around the ISS as they conducted their assembly work. Mastracchio is backed up on arm operations by Pilot Scott Altman (Cmdr., USN), making his second flight into space.
The final member of the crew was Russian Cosmonaut Dr. Boris Morukov, making his first flight into space. Morukov was responsible for unloading supplies from the Progress vehicle during the docked phase of the flight.
On flight day four the crew entered the International Space Station through Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 (PMA-2) to begin the transfer operations of more than three tons of hardware and supplies. Atlantis''' crew was the first to see the interior of the Russian Zvezda service module since it was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in July. Additionally, a reboost was performed using the orbiter's Reaction Control System (RCS) to place the station in a higher orbit.
Transfer of supplies and maintenance tasks continued well into the fifth day, while orbiter consumables remained above the required levels allowing managers to extend the mission one additional day.
Activities on flight day five included the installation of three batteries inside Zvezda. In order to reduce the weight for launch, Zvezda was launched with only five of its eight batteries in place.
Lu and Malenchenko spent much of flight day seven installing voltage and current stabilizers in Zvezda. Components of the Elektron system, equipment sent into orbit to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen, were installed and would be activated after the first crew arrives.
The crew transferred more than 6,000 pounds of material – including six 100-pound bags of water, all of the food for the first resident crew, office supplies, onboard environmental supplies, a vacuum cleaner and a computer and monitor – to the interior of the station.
The astronauts spent a total of 5 days, 9 hours and 21 minutes inside the station before closing the hatch on the orbiting outpost. Wilcutt and Altman commanded a series of four altitude boosts to place the station in an orbit of approximately 241 by 233 statute miles, raising the average altitude by . After spending 7 days, 21 hours and 54 minutes linked to the station, Atlantis undocked at 11:46 pm EDT as Wilcutt and Altman fired Atlantis jets to move to a distance of about 450 feet for a double-loop flyaround.
Commander Terry Wilcutt guided Atlantis to a landing at 2:56 am Central time, wrapping up a 4.9 million mile mission in which more than three tons of equipment were delivered to the international outpost. Wilcutt and his crewmates, Pilot Scott Altman and Mission Specialists Ed Lu, Rick Mastracchio, Dan Burbank, Yuri Malenchenko and Boris Morukov completed the 23rd consecutive landing of a shuttle at the Florida spaceport, and the 30th landing of a Shuttle at the Cape in the last 31 flights.
The first initial amateur radio station was flown on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis'' on STS-106. The crew transferred the ham radio gear into the space station for future use by the Expedition One crew. |
STS-106 | See also | See also
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks 2000–2014
Outline of space science
Space Shuttle |
STS-106 | References | References |
STS-106 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-106 Video Highlights
Category:Space Shuttle missions
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2000
Category:2000 in the United States
Category:2000 in Florida |
STS-106 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Spacewalks, Crew seat assignments, Mission highlights, See also, References, External links |
STS-92 | Short description | STS-92 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery. STS-92 marked the 100th mission of the Space Shuttle and Discovery's 28th flight. It was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 11 October 2000. |
STS-92 | Crew | Crew |
STS-92 | Spacewalks | Spacewalks
EVA 1
Personnel: Chiao and McArthur
Start: 15 October 2000 – 14:27 UTC
End: 15 October 2000 – 20:55 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 28 minutes
EVA 2
Personnel: López-Alegría and Wisoff
Start: 16 October 2000 – 14:15 UTC
End: 16 October 2000 – 21:22 UTC
Duration: 7 hours, 7 minutes
EVA 3
Personnel: Chiao and McArthur
Start: 17 October 2000 – 14:30 UTC
EVA 3 End: 17 October 2000 – 21:18 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 48 minutes
EVA 4
Personnel: López-Alegría and Wisoff
Start: 18 October 2000 – 15:00 UTC
End: 18 October 2000 – 21:56 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 56 minutes |
STS-92 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. 1 Duffy 2 Melroy 3WakataLopez-Alegria 4 McArthur 5 Wisoff 6Lopez-AlegriaWakata 7 Chiao |
STS-92 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
thumb|left|Launch of STS-92
thumb|right|Discovery lands at Edwards Air Force Base, 24 October 2000.
thumb|right|Illustration of the ISS after STS-92.
STS-92 was an ISS assembly flight that brought the Z1 truss, Control Moment Gyros, Pressurized Mating Adapter-3 (PMA-3) (mounted on a Spacelab pallet) and two DDCU (Heat pipes) to the space station.
The Z1 truss was the first exterior framework installed on the ISS and allowed the first U.S. solar arrays to be temporarily installed on Unity for early power during flight 4A. The Ku-band communication system supported early science capabilities and U.S. television on flight 6A. The CMGs (Control Moment Gyros) weigh about and provide non-propulsive (electrically powered) attitude control when activated on flight 5A, and PMA-3 provides shuttle docking port for solar array installation on flight 4A and Destiny Lab installation on flight 5A.
The mission included seven days of docked operations with the space station, four EVAs, and two ingress opportunities.
Over the course of four scheduled spacewalks, two teams of space walkers and an experienced robot arm operator collaborated to install the Z1 (Z for zenith port) truss structure on top of the U.S. Unity connecting node on the growing station and to deliver the third Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA 3) to the ISS for the future berthing of new station components and to accommodate shuttle dockings.
The Z1 truss was the first permanent lattice-work structure for the ISS, very much like a girder, setting the stage for the future addition of the station's major trusses or backbones. The Z1 fixture also served as the platform on which the huge U.S. solar arrays were mounted on the next shuttle assembly flight, STS-97. The Z1 truss included many elements of the Communications and Tracking subsystem. The hardware included a Transmitter/Receiver/Controller (SGTRC) built by L3 Communications Systems-East in Camden, NJ. John Schina was the Chief Engineer of the ISS Program at L3.
The Z1 contains four large gyroscopic devices, called Control Moment Gyroscope (CMGs), which are used to maneuver the space station into the proper orientation on orbit once they were activated following the installation of the U.S. laboratory.
During the fourth spacewalk, astronauts Wisoff and López-Alegría tested the SAFER jet backpack, flying up to 50 feet while remaining tethered to the spacecraft. |
STS-92 | Media | Media |
STS-92 | See also | See also
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks 2000–2014
Outline of space science |
STS-92 | References | References |
STS-92 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-92 Video Highlights
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2000
Category:2000 in the United States
STS-092
Category:Edwards Air Force Base
Category:Articles containing video clips |
STS-92 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Spacewalks, Crew seat assignments, Mission highlights, Media, See also, References, External links |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Short description | thumb|Ferdinand von Hochstetter
thumb|right|Hochstetter's map of the Auckland volcanic field, originally drawn in 1859 and published in the Geological and Topographical Atlas of New Zealand (1864)
Christian Gottlieb Ferdinand Ritter von Hochstetter (30 April 1829 – 18 July 1884) was a German-Austrian geologist. In 1857 he was appointed geologist on the Austrian Novara expedition to New Zealand, collecting natural history specimens and producing the first geological map of New Zealand. |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Career | Career
Von Hochstetter was born in Esslingen, then in the kingdom of Württemberg, to Christian Ferdinand and his second wife, Sophie Orth. His father was a parson who also published on botanical and geological subjects. Having received his early education at the evangelical seminary at Maulbronn, Ferdinand proceeded to the University of Tübingen and the Tübinger Stift; there, under Friedrich August von Quenstedt, the interest he already felt in geology became permanently fixed, and he obtained his doctor's degree and a travelling scholarship.
He then travelled to Vienna where in 1853, he joined the staff of the Imperial Geological Survey of Austria and was engaged until 1856 in parts of Bohemia, especially in the Bohemian Forest, and in the Fichtel Hills and Karlsbad mountains. His excellent reports established his reputation. Thus he came to be chosen as geologist to the Novara expedition (1857–59), and made numerous valuable observations in the voyage round the world.
left|thumb|In 1876
The Novara arrived in New Zealand on 22 December 1858. Almost immediately he met the German scientist Julius von Haast who had also recently arrived in New Zealand, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. Polymath Arthur Purchas convinced von Hochstetter to stay in New Zealand, where he spent the next nine months of his life. In 1859, Ferdinand was employed by the government of New Zealand to make a first geological survey of the islands. His survey of old Lake Rotomahana and the Pink and White Terraces provides the only primary evidence of the Terrace locations today. Between 2016 and 2020, his survey diary was reverse engineered to provide coordinates of the Pink, Black and White Terraces.Bunn, A. R., Davies, N. and Stewart, D. (2018) "Dr Hochstetter’s Lost Survey" Surveying+Spatial, 94, 5–13.Bunn, A. R. (2019) "Hochstetter’s Survey of the Pink and White Terraces: The Final Iteration" Surveying+Spatial, 99, 30–35. On his return he was appointed in 1860 professor of mineralogy and geology at the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute in Vienna; from 1874 to 1875, he was the rector there.
His analysisvon Ferdinand v. Hochstetter (1868). Über das Erdbeben in Peru am 13. August 1868 und die dadurch veranlassten Fluthwellen im Pacifischen Ocean, namentlich an den Küsten von Chili und von Neu-Seeland. Publ. K.K. hof und Staatsdruckerei, Wein. 48 p., [5] leaves of plates : folded map ; 25 cm. of the tsunami generated by the 1868 Arica (Peru) earthquake is well known for its contribution to understanding of tsunami propagation.The unwelcome South American visitor: 150 years on from one of New Zealand's largest recorded tsunamis https://www.geonet.org.nz/news/6QkxQCLs0E4A0QQqgKMQiC The resulting tsunami caused damaging surges in a number of regions in the Pacific region, including fatalities on the Chatham Islands. Von Hochstetter, charted the trajectory of the event throughout the Pacific. This also enabled an estimate of the depth of the Pacific Ocean to be calculated.
In 1872, he became the natural history tutor of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1876, he was made superintendent of the Imperial Natural History Museum. In these later years he explored portions of Turkey and eastern Russia, and he published papers on a variety of geological, palaeontological and mineralogical subjects.
In 1869, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society and in 1884, was granted a hereditary knighthood by the Emperor of Austria.Biography: Christian von Hochstetter, Te Ara Encyclopedia. https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1h30/hochstetter-christian-gottlieb-ferdinand-von
Detailed descriptions in his diaries were helpful in 2011, when researchers managed to locate the silica terraces on Lake Rotomahana, which was buried in the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera.Discovery of silica terraces that was damaged by volcanic eruption
thumb|Von Hochstetter's representation of a tsunami propagation after the 1868 Arica earthquake. |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Publications and Cartographic Works | Publications and Cartographic Works
The results of Hochstetter's research were published in several works. His most well-known publication is the popular travel book New Zealand, which was published in 1863 in German and 1867 in English by Cotta in Stuttgart.Ferdinand von Hochstetter: New Zealand: Its Physical Geography, Geology and Natural History, with special reference to the results of government expeditions in the provinces of Auckland and Nelson. Translated by Edward Sauter. Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta, 1867. . The following year, the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna published the volume on the geology of New Zealand as part of the scientific series accompanying the Novara Expedition.Ferdinand von Hochstetter: Geologische Studien über die Provinzen Auckland und Nelson in der Kolonie Neuseeland. In: Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde, Geologischer Teil, Vienna 1864.
Of particular importance were the geological and topographical maps that Hochstetter produced in collaboration with the cartographer August Petermann and the Justus Perthes Geographical Institute in Gotha. Selected maps were published in Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, the leading journal for exploration geography at the time.Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Volume 1863. Additional maps appeared in both Hochstetter’s travel book and in the official publications of the Novara Expedition.
In 1863, all maps were compiled into a geological-topographical atlas, edited jointly with Petermann. This work is regarded as the first atlas of New Zealand. An English edition of the atlas was printed in 1864 by a publisher in Auckland.Ferdinand von Hochstetter and August Petermann (eds.): Geological and Topographical Atlas of New Zealand. Gotha 1863. English edition published in 1864 in Auckland.Norman Henniges, Johannes Mattes, Sascha Nolden: Between mapping and maps: Translocal knowledge in the making of Hochstetter and Petermann’s Atlas of New Zealand (1863). In: Journal of Historical Geography 89 (2025), pp. 69–86. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2025.02.004 |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Personal life | Personal life
He was born at Esslingen, Württemberg, the son of Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (1787–1860) and his second wife, Sophie Orth. Christian Ferdinand was a clergyman and Professor at Bonn, who was also a botanist and mineralogist. In 1861 von Hochstetter married Georgiana Bengough, daughter of John Egbert Bengough, an Englishman who was director of the Vienna city gasworks. They went on to have eight children. A good deal is known of his personal life through his documented correspondence with friend and colleague Julius von HaastNolden, S. 2013: The Letters of Ferdinand von Hochstetter to Julius von Haast, 1859–1887. Geoscience Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 133K, 233 pages. He died in Oberdöbling near Vienna, at age 55 from complications of diabetes. |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Legacy | Legacy
The Geoscience Society of New Zealand holds an annual lecture named in von Hochstetter's honour.Hochstetter Lecture (GSNZ) https://www.gsnz.org.nz/news-and-events/hochstetter-lecture/ |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Taxonomy | Taxonomy
New Zealand's endemic Hochstetter's frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, is named after Ferdinand. Several other species bear his name in their scientific names, including the Takahē, Porphyrio hochstetteri, and Powelliphanta hochstetteri, a species (with five subspecies) of New Zealand's giant carnivorous land snails. |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Geography | Geography
Hochstetter Peak on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica is named after Hochstetter,Hochstetter Peak. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica as are New Zealand's Mount Hochstetter (West Coast Region), Lake Hochstetter and the Hochstetter Dome and Hochstetter Icefall close to the Tasman Glacier.Ferdinand von Hochstetter: Father of New Zealand geology, Auckland Libraries. Retrieved 17 June 2017 |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Geology | Geology
The rock type dunite was named by Ferdinand von Hochstetter in 1859, after Dun Mountain near Nelson, New Zealand.Johnston, M. R.; Nineteenth-century observations of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt, Nelson, New Zealand and trans-Tasman correlations, Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2007, v. 287, p. 375-387 |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Publications | Publications
Karlsbad, seine geognostischen Verhältnisse und seine Quellen (1858)
Neu-Seeland (1863); published in English as
Geological and Topographical Atlas of New Zealand (1864)
The geology of New Zealand: in explanation of the geographical and topographical atlas of New Zealand (1864)
Über das Erdbeben in Peru am 13. August 1868 und die dadurch veranlassten Fluthwellen im Pacifischen Ocean, namentlich an den Küsten von Chili und von Neu-Seeland (1868).
Leitfaden der Mineralogie and Geologie'' (with A Bisching) (1876, ed. 8, 1890). |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | See also | See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Notes | Notes |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | References | References
|
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | External links | External links
Teara.govt.nz: Te Ara biography of Ferdinand von Hochstetter
Teara.govt.nz: Te Ara article "Ferdinand von Hochstetter" (1966)
Michaelorgan.org.au: Ferdinand von Hochstetter and the Austrian Novara Scientific Expedition 1858-9
Category:Geologists from Austria-Hungary
Category:19th-century German geologists
Category:1829 births
Category:1884 deaths
Category:Academic staff of TU Wien
Category:University of Tübingen alumni
Category:People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Category:People from Esslingen am Neckar
Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society |
Ferdinand von Hochstetter | Table of Content | Short description, Career, Publications and Cartographic Works, Personal life, Legacy, Taxonomy, Geography, Geology, Publications, See also, Notes, References, External links |
STS-98 | Short description | STS-98 was a 2001 Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis. It was the first human spaceflight launch of the 21st century. STS-98 delivered to the station the Destiny Laboratory Module. All mission objectives were completed and the shuttle reentered and landed safely at Edwards Air Force Base on 20 February 2001, after twelve days in space, six of which were spent docked to the ISS. |
STS-98 | Crew | Crew |
STS-98 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. 1 Cockrell 2 Polansky 3CurbeamJones 4 Ivins 5JonesCurbeam 6 Unused 7 Unused |
STS-98 | Launch attempts | Launch attempts |
STS-98 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
thumb|A Crawler-Transporter ferrying Space Shuttle Atlantis to launch pad 39-A for the STS-98 mission.
thumb|STS-98 following liftoff.
thumb|STS-98 crewmembers pose for the traditional inflight portrait on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis
The crew continued the task of building and enhancing the International Space Station by delivering the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. It was the first NASA lab to be permanently used since the days of Skylab nearly three decades earlier. It was manufactured by Boeing at the Michoud Assembly Facility and the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1997. Upon transport to Kennedy Space Center's industrial buildings, it was fitted with equipment, machines, racks and cables at the Operations and Checkout Building and Space Station Processing Facility. The U.S. laboratory module is long and wide. It is made from aluminum, and comprises three cylindrical sections and two end-cones that contain the hatch openings through which astronauts enter and exit the module. The ends are colored blue and white respectively for the crew to navigate easily. A -diameter window is located on one side of the center module segment.
During the mission, the shuttle docked to PMA 3 located on the nadir of Node 1. The crew relocated PMA 2 to the holding area on the Z1 truss temporarily, before using the Shuttle's robotic arm to lift out the 14.5 ton steel module out of the Shuttle's payload bay, and permanently berthed it on the forward hatch of Node 1. Spacewalks conducted by Thomas Jones and Robert Curbeam reattached electrical cables to the aluminum hull and connecting ports on Destiny, and also checked the laboratory's nadir window. PMA 2 was replaced to the forward hatch of Destiny.
The Shuttle spent six days docked to the station while the laboratory was attached and three spacewalks were conducted to complete its assembly. The mission also saw the 100th spacewalk in U.S. spaceflight history. STS-98 occurred while the first station crew was aboard the new space station. |
STS-98 | Space walks | Space walks
EVA Spacewalkers Start (UTC) End Duration EVA 1 Thomas D. Jones Robert L. Curbeam 10 February 2001 15:50 10 February 2001 23:24 7 hours 34 minutes Jones and Curbeam went to the payload bay of Atlantis where they disconnected cables and removed protective covers from the outside hatch of Destiny. Once at the installation site and after Destiny had been securely installed, the pair began connecting power and data cables. EVA 2 Jones Curbeam 12 February 2001 15:59 12 February 2001 22:49 6 hours 50 minutes The pair of spacewalkers went outside and assisted the robot arm operator with removing the Pressurized Mating Adapter 2 (PMA-2) from the Z1 Truss segment and installing it onto the forward end of the Destiny laboratory. Once that task was complete Jones and Curbeam moved to a location on the Destiny lab and installed a Power Data and Grapple fixture and video signal converter, to be used with the Canadarm2. EVA 3 Jones Curbeam 14 February 2001 14:48 14 February 2001 20:13 5 hours 25 minutes During the third and final spacewalk, the two spacewalkers attached a spare communications antenna to the International Space Station's exterior. They also double-checked connections between the Destiny lab and its docking port, released a cooling radiator on the station, inspected solar array connections at the top of the station and tested the ability of a spacewalker to carry an immobile crew member back to the shuttle airlock. |
STS-98 | Wake-up calls | Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Flight Day Song Artist/Composer Played for Links Day 2 "Where You At" Zoot Sims Mark Polansky WAV Day 3 "Who Let the Dogs Out" Baha Men Kenneth Cockrell WAV Day 4 "Girl's Breakdown" Alison Brown Marsha S. Ivins WAV Day 5 "Blue Danube Waltz" Johann Strauss Jr. WAV Day 6 "Fly Me to the Moon" Frank Sinatra WAV Day 7 "For Those About to Rock" AC/DC WAV Day 8 "To the Moon and Back" Savage Garden WAV Day 9 "Sally Ann" New Grange WAV Day 10 "The Trail We Blaze" Elton John WAV Day 11 "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" Eiffel 65 WAV Day 12 "Fly Away" Lenny Kravitz WAV Day 13 "Bad To The Bone" George Thorogood and the Destroyers WAV Day 14 "Should I Stay or Should I Go" The Clash Entire crew WAV |
STS-98 | Popular culture and media | Popular culture and media
STS-98 was the designation for the fictional NASA mission to destroy an asteroid in Armageddon (1998 film). |
STS-98 | See also | See also
International Space Station
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science |
STS-98 | References | References |
STS-98 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-98 Post Flight Presentation
Category:Space Shuttle missions
Category:Edwards Air Force Base
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2001 |
STS-98 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Crew seat assignments, Launch attempts, Mission highlights, Space walks, Wake-up calls, Popular culture and media, See also, References, External links |
STS-102 | Short description | STS-102 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. STS-102 flew in March 2001; its primary objectives were resupplying the ISS and rotating the Expedition 1 and Expedition 2 crews. It was Discovery's 29th flight. The first EVA performed on the mission, at eight hours and 56 minutes, held the title of the longest spacewalk ever undertaken until the 17th of December 2024 when it was surpassed by Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong during the Shenzhou 19 spaceflight. |
STS-102 | Crew | Crew |
STS-102 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–8 are on the mid-deck.Seat 8 was located to the starboard (right) side of Seat 7. 1 Wetherbee 2 Kelly 3 Thomas Unused 4 Richards 5 Voss Thomas 6 Helms Krikalyov 7 Usachov Gidzenko 8 Unused Shepherd
Unique to this flight, Shepherd, Gidzenko, and Krikalev were all seated together on the mid-deck in special "recumbent couches" that allowed them to stay in a laid-back reclining position during landing, instead of the usual upright seats. It was thought that after their four months in space, their bodies would be deconditioned and the recumbent position would minimize the impacts of returning to a gravity environment. Because of the special seats, Thomas moved to the normal number 5 seat on the mid-deck to operate the side hatch as necessary. Future shuttle missions would not use the recumbent couches. |
STS-102 | Spacewalks | Spacewalks
thumb|ICC STS-102
EVA 1
Personnel: Voss and Helms
Start: 11 March 2001, 05:12 UTC
End: 11 March 2001, 14:08 UTC
Duration: 8 hours, 56 minutes
EVA 2
Personnel: Thomas and Richards
Start:13 March 2001, 05:23 UTC
End: 13 March 2001, 11:44 UTC
Duration: 6 hours, 21 minutes |
STS-102 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
Space Station Assembly Flight ISS-5A.1 was the first use of the Multi Purpose Logistics Module (Leonardo) to bring supplies to the station. The steel modules were equipped with up to 16 International Standard Payload Racks for installation in the US Lab. Also carried an Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC). The ICC had the External Stowage Platform-1 mounted on its underside. ESP-1 was placed on the port side of 'Destiny' as a storage location for ORUs. The mission also included two spacewalks to relocate the units carried up by the ICC to the Destiny module exterior. |
STS-102 | Wake-up calls | Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Flight Day Song Artist/Composer Day 2 "Living the Life" Rockit Scientists Day 4 "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" Starship Day 6 "From A Distance" Nancy Griffith Day 7 "Free Fallin'" Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers Day 8 "Should I Stay or Should I Go" The Clash Day 12 "Moscow Windows" Unknown |
STS-102 | See also | See also
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science |
STS-102 | References | References |
STS-102 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-102 Video Highlights
Category:Space Shuttle missions
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2001 |
STS-102 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Crew seat assignments, Spacewalks, Mission highlights, Wake-up calls, See also, References, External links |
STS-100 | Short description | STS-100 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-100 launch on 19 April 2001, and installed the ISS Canadarm2 robotic arm. |
STS-100 | Crew | Crew |
STS-100 | Mission highlights | Mission highlights
The highest priority objectives of the flight were the installation, activation and checkout of the Canadarm2 robotic arm on the station. The arm - manufactured by MDA Space Missions under contract of the Canadian Space Agency and NASA, went into operation on 28 April 2001. It was critical to the capability to continue assembly of the International Space Station. The arm was also necessary to attach a new airlock to the station on the subsequent shuttle flight, mission STS-104. The final component of the Canadarm is the Mobile Base System (MBS), which was installed on board the station during the STS-111 flight.
Other major objectives for Endeavour'''s mission were to berth the Raffaello logistics module to the station, activate it, transfer cargo between Raffaello and the station, and reberth Raffaello in the shuttle's payload bay. Raffaello is the second of three Italian Space Agency-developed Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, manufactured out of stainless steel at the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center; that were launched to the station. The Leonardo'' module was launched and returned on the previous shuttle flight, STS-102, in March.
Remaining objectives included the transfer of other equipment to the station such as an Ultra-High Frequency communications antenna and a spare electronics component to be attached to the exterior during space walks. Finally, the transfer of supplies and water for use aboard the station, the transfer of experiments and experiment racks to the complex, and the transfer of items for return to Earth from the station to the shuttle were among the objectives.
Endeavour also boosted the station's altitude and performed a flyaround survey of the complex, including recording views of the station with an IMAX cargo bay camera.
All objectives were completed without incident, and reentry and landing happened uneventfully on 1 May 2001.
During this mission, astronaut Chris Hadfield made the first spacewalk by a Canadian. |
STS-100 | Crew seat assignments | Crew seat assignments
Seat Launch Landing 150pxSeats 1–4 are on the flight deck.Seats 5–8 are on the mid-deck. 1 Rominger 2 Ashby 3 Hadfield Guidoni 4 Phillips 5 Parazynski 6 Guidoni Hadfield 7 Lonchakov |
STS-100 | Spacewalks | Spacewalks
EVA Spacewalkers Start (UTC) End Duration EVA 1 Scott Parazynski Chris Hadfield 22 April 2001 11:45 22 April 2001 18:55 7 hours 10 minutes Parazynski and Hadfield deployed a UHF antenna on the Destiny lab. After that, the pair began installing the Canadarm2. Parazynski and Hadfield encountered a problem ensuring the proper torque was applied to the bolt. The pair switched the Pistol Grip Tool (PGT) to manual mode and attempted again successfully.
Hadfield experienced severe eye irritation during the spacewalk due to the anti-fog solution used to polish his spacesuit visor, temporarily blinding him and forcing him to vent oxygen into space. Other astronauts experienced a similar problem on subsequent spacewalks. EVA 2 Parazynski Hadfield 24 April 2001 12:34 24 April 2001 20:14 7 hours 40 minutes Connected Power and Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) circuits for the new arm on Destiny. Removed an early communications antenna and transferred a spare Direct Current Switching Unit (DCSU) from the shuttle's payload bay to an equipment storage rack on the outside of Destiny. |
STS-100 | Wake-up calls | Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
Flight Day Song Artist/Composer Day 2 "Then the Morning Comes" Smash Mouth Day 3 "Danger Zone" Kenny Loggins from the soundtrack to Top Gun Day 4 "Take It From Day to Day" Stan Rogers Day 5 "Both Sides Now" Judy Collins Day 6 "What a Wonderful World" Louis Armstrong Day 7 "Con te Partirò" Andrea Bocelli Day 8 "Behind the Fog"Russian Folk Singer Day 9 "Buckaroo" Don Cain Day 10 "Dangerous" The Arrogant Worms Day 11 "Miles From Nowhere" Cat Stevens Day 12 "Big Arm on his Ship" Robinson etc. Day 13 "True" Spandau Ballet |
STS-100 | See also | See also
List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science |
STS-100 | References | References |
STS-100 | Sources | Sources |
STS-100 | External links | External links
NASA mission summary
STS-100 Video Highlights
STS-100
Category:Edwards Air Force Base
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2001 |
STS-100 | Table of Content | Short description, Crew, Mission highlights, Crew seat assignments, Spacewalks, Wake-up calls, See also, References, Sources, External links |
Iran Khodro | Short description | Iran Khodro (, Irān Xodro), branded as IKCO, is an Iranian automaker headquartered in Tehran. IKCO was founded in 1962 as Iran National (, Irān Nāsionāl). The public company manufactures vehicles, including Samand, Peugeot and Renault cars, and trucks, minibuses and buses. As of 2009, it produced 688,000 passenger cars per year. |
Iran Khodro | History and development | History and development |
Iran Khodro | Name | Name
The word khodro () means "automobile" in Persian, hence Iran Khodro means "Iran Automobile". |
Iran Khodro | Founding | Founding
Iran Khodro was founded on August 29, 1962. |
Iran Khodro | Structure | Structure
Iran Khodro Industrial Group (IKCO) is a public joint stock company with the objective of creation and management of factories to manufacture various types of vehicles and parts as well as selling and exporting them. |
Iran Khodro | Size and production | Size and production
The company has become the largest vehicle manufacturer in the Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. In Iran, it is the largest vehicle manufacturing company, having an average share of 65 percent of domestic vehicle production.
Iran Khodro produced 556,442 passenger cars and commercial vehicles in 2023 and has planned to produce 600,000 units in 2024.
thumb|Paykan Hillman Hunter |
Iran Khodro | Certifications | Certifications
Iran Khodro has qualified for ISO 9001 from RW-TUV, Germany, as well as many other health, safety, and environment certificates including ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. |
Iran Khodro | Products and relationships | Products and relationships
Iran's automobile production crossed the 1 million mark in 2005. Iran Khodro is one of the largest car manufacturers in Asia. It has established joint-ventures with foreign partners on 4 continents.
For more than three decades, Iran Khodro produced the Paykan, a car developed from the Rootes Group's Rootes Arrow range, best known as the Hillman Hunter. Paykan saloon car production was discontinued in 2005, almost thirty years after the end of Arrow production (latterly as the Chrysler Hunter) in Britain. A pick-up version was still in production until 2015. Bardo Pick-up, pick-up version of Paykan, will be replaced by a new pick-up called the Arisun which is related to the Samand .
The Iranian-designed IKCO Samand replaced the dated Paykan as Iran's "national car", and featured a partly Iranian-designed CNG/petrol dual-fuel engine in its Soren variant.
thumbnail|Front view of Samand LX
The firm has a long-term relationship with European and Asian manufacturers including PSA Peugeot Citroën, manufacturing and assembling a number of models under license from these firms. In 2009, Peugeot 206, Peugeot Pars, Peugeot 405, Peugeot Roa, and Samand sedans were IKCO's export-bound cars sent to Azerbaijan, Iraq, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Syria and Afghanistan. As at 2012, IKCO products incorporate 5-10 percent of components imported from France. IKCO's parts imports from Peugeot accounted for 700-800 million euros ($572–654 million) per year. Iran has reached 98% of self-sufficiency in producing Peugeot 405 parts and 75% in Peugeot 206 parts.
By the end of 2012, Peugeot cut its relations with Iran Khodro due to the international sanctions against Iran. Four years later, in 2016, after reaching Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and E3+3, Iran Khodro and Peugeot decided to make a 50%-50% joint venture named IKAP to start the relations again.
Renault Pars is in charge of the engineering, quality control, parts supply, logistics, managing sales policies as well as marketing and customer services for Renault products in Iran and IKCO is one of its main shareholders that produces Tondar for the domestic market. Renault Pars is a joint venture, 51 percent of which belongs to Renault of France. Forty-nine percent of Renault Pars' shares is jointly held by Iran's Industrial Development and Renovation Organization, IKCO and Saipa. The agreement to form this joint venture was signed in March 2004.
IKCO also manufactures trucks, buses and E-Class passenger cars under license from Mercedes-Benz. In a joint-venture with Daimler AG, Iran Khodro is to start production of sophisticated 900-class Mercedes-Benz engines; Daimler states that Iranian-made engines will be exported to Germany. Among Asian automotive manufacturers, IKCO is cooperating with Suzuki. Producing Suzuki Grand Vitara in IKCO's Site in Khorasan, IKCO will produce Suzuki Kizashi.
In 2012, IKCO announced that at least 3% of the company's sales will be allocated to research and development. As of 2015, the company's 7-year strategic plans for product development are in body design, die making, suspension, powertrain, trim and car electronics.
In 2017, Italian car design firm 'Pininfarina' signed a €70 million, 36-month contract with Iran's biggest car producer, Iran Khodro Group on for the development of four new models and to give the carmaker a second wind in research and development of new models. The agreement will help develop a modular automotive platform for four different vehicles, and the first passenger car of the medium segment of the market, a press release from the Italian firm said. |
Iran Khodro | Production sites | Production sites
thumb|Iran Khodro factory in Tehran
IKCO has 12 production site around the globe, 6 sites in within Iran's borders and 6 further sites in IKCO's main export markets.
Domestic plants:
Plant Production Capacity Product Location Fars 30000 Pars (Peugeot 405 and Samand to be produced later) Shiraz Mazandaran 15000 Samand Sarir Babol Semnan* 100000 Samand Semnan Khorasan 150000 Suzuki Grand Vitara, Pars,Haima,Peugeot 405 Mashhad Tabriz 120000 Samand EF7, Samand Arisan (replacing Paykan Pick-up) Tabriz IKCO (main plant) 700000 Roa, Peugeot 405, Peugeot 206, Peugeot 207i, Samand, Tondar 90, Soren, Tehran
Foreign sites:
Plant Production Capacity Product Location AzSamand 10000 Samand Azerbaijan Siamko 30000 Samand Syria CDC 15000 Peugeot Pars Egypt Seniran Auto 30000 Samand Senegal Venirauto 16000 Samand Venezuela |
Iran Khodro | Export markets | Export markets
Russia, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Egypt, Algeria and Bulgaria are among the most important target markets for the group.
Export opportunities are restricted to relatively low volumes with $60 million worth of cars exported in 2007. By this Iran Khodro has ranked as 24th company among 100 top companies in Islamic world in year 2008. The Company has exported about 35,000 cars in year 2009. The company exported 40,000 units in 2010, including 30% of the total production of its Samand model. IKCO intends to export 9% of its output in 2011, amounting to 75,000 vehicles, before reaching 16% in exports by 2014. |
Iran Khodro | Cars | Cars |
Iran Khodro | IKCO | IKCO
thumb|Dena+ production line in IKCO company
IKCO Dena+ product of 2016|thumbnail
thumb|IKCO Tara
thumb|IKCO Reera
The following table shows the cars that have been specially designed
and built by IKCO:
+CarStart productionEnd of productionCar classPaykan19672005Class B sedanBardo19692014Class B pickupSamand20012022Class C sedanSarir20062012Class C sedanSoren20072019Class C sedanRunna20122020Class B sedanDena20142021Class C sedanArisun20142020Class C pickupArisun 22021—Class C pickupDena+2016—Class C sedanDena+ turbo2017—Class C sedanSoren+2019—Class C sedanRunna+2019—Class B sedanTara2020—Class C sedanReera2024—Crossover |
Iran Khodro | Peugeot | Peugeot
thumbnail|Peugeot Pars (formerly known as Peugeot Persia or simply Persia)
thumb|Peugeot 405
thumb|Peugeot 206
Peugeot 206; a saloon version of the 206, the Peugeot 206 SD also co-developed with Peugeot in year 2005.(End of production)
Peugeot 207i; by 2011, Ikco produced about 15,000-20,000 units Peugeot 207i. The production of 207i stopped in 2012 during relation cut between Ikco and Peugeot because of international sanctions against Iran.
Peugeot 405; available in saloon trims GLi and GLX and estate trim GLX(End of production)
Peugeot 405 trim SLX with 1.6L 16 valve PSA TU5 engine(End of production)
Peugeot 407; as CBU (about 2000 are imported to Iran by Iran Khodro)
Peugeot Pars; initially called the Peugeot Persia. Changes include a redesigned front and modernized rear(End of production)
Peugeot RD; chassis and drivetrain are similar to the older Paykan but the outer body shell and appearance resemble a 405, production of this car ended in favor of the ROA.
Peugeot ROA; modified version of Peugeot RD, production of Peugeot ROA was discontinued in 2012. |
Iran Khodro | [[IKAP]] | IKAP
thumb|Peugeot 508
Peugeot 508
Peugeot 2008
Peugeot 301 |
Iran Khodro | Renault | Renault
Dacia Logan; both IKCO and Saipa produce the car as "Tondar 90".
Renault Captur |
Iran Khodro | Suzuki | Suzuki
Suzuki Grand Vitara - Compact SUV which is divided to different 4 main models:
2000 cc engine with 4-speed automatic gearbox
2000 cc engine with 5-speed manual gearbox
2400 cc engine with 4-speed automatic gearbox
2400 cc engine with 5-speed manual gearbox
Suzuki Kizashi |
Iran Khodro | Haima | Haima
Haima S7
Haima S5
Haima 8S
Haima 7X |
Iran Khodro | Engines | Engines
Peugeot engines:
PSA XU7
PSA TU3
PSA TU5
IKCO engines:
IKCO EF family
IKCO TU5-Plus
IKCO XU7-Plus
IKCO EF7-Plus
IKCO 3FX family |
Iran Khodro | EF family | EF family
Iran Khodro started to design a new range of engines for its products in 2007 in a joint with F.E.V of Germany. The first EF series engine officially shown to the public in 2008 is EF7 which is currently powering Samand LX car in Iran.
EF7 turbocharged engines were initially shown to the public in mid-2009 and will be installed on Soren ELX by last 2010. Other EF series engines named EF4 & EFD (Diesel) engines design are finished and they are being tested for mass production by Iran Khodro. In November 2009, Iran Khodro unveiled its new "national diesel engine" with fuel consumption of 5 liters per 100 kilometers in combined cycle. The engine has achieved emission standard of Euro 5, featuring a Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) as well as a new Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). The 1.5-liter turbodiesel uses advanced technology to deliver strong power and torque of 300Nm. Iran Khodro has designed the EF4 & EFD itself. |
Iran Khodro | 3FX family | 3FX family
IKCO 3FX engine family is a series of straight-three cylinder engines in development by IKCO to be used on class A to class C vehicles. |
Iran Khodro | Platforms | Platforms
X7 platform: The first IKCO platform, the X7, was designed in 1995 with the upgrade of the Peugeot 405 platform. The first car built on this platform was Samand, with production beginning in 2001.
IKP1 platform: IKCO's second proprietary platform. Developed by upgrading the Peugeot PF1 platform. The first car using this platform is Tara, produced since 2021. |
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