title
stringlengths
1
80
section
stringlengths
1
623
text
stringlengths
0
40.4k
Pierogi
External links
External links The Pierogi Renaissance: How Poland's Most Famous Dish is Reinventing Itself Category:Culture of Cleveland Category:Cuisine of the Mid-Atlantic states Category:Cuisine of the Midwestern United States Category:Dumplings Category:Hungarian cuisine Category:Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine Category:Lithuanian cuisine Category:Mennonite cuisine Category:Moldovan cuisine Category:National dishes Category:National symbols of Poland Category:National symbols of Ukraine Category:Polish-American culture Category:Polish-Australian culture Category:Polish-Canadian culture Category:Polish-New Zealand culture Category:Polish cuisine Category:Romanian cuisine Category:Belarusian cuisine Category:Russian cuisine Category:Slovak cuisine Category:Ukrainian cuisine Category:Soviet cuisine Category:Stuffed dishes Category:Ground meat Category:Serbian cuisine Category:Slovenian cuisine Category:Croatian cuisine Category:Bulgarian cuisine Category:German cuisine Category:Austrian cuisine Category:Georgian cuisine Category:Caucasian cuisine Category:Romani culture Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine Category:Cuisine of Manitoba Category:Peasant food Category:Cuisine of Paraná (state) Category:Christmas food
Pierogi
Table of Content
Short description, Terminology, Origins, Ingredients and preparation, Fillings, Preparation, Countries, Poland, Ukraine, German-speaking regions, Hungary, Romania and Moldova, Russia and Belarus, Russian Mennonite cuisine, Slovakia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Turkey, United States and Canada, Lazy noodles and lazy varenyky, In culture, Monuments, See also, References, External links
Pirogi
<!--#REDIRECT [[Pierogi]]-->
Pirogi may refer to: Pierogi, English name for East-European dumplings Pirog, Russian word for "pie" (singular form) Pyrih, Ukrainian for "pie"
Pirogi
Table of Content
<!--#REDIRECT [[Pierogi]]-->
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Infobox album
Doppelgänger is the fifth studio album by Christian alternative rock band Daniel Amos issued on their own Alarma! Records label in 1983. It is the second album in their ¡Alarma! Chronicles album cycle.
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Content
Content Doppelgänger is much darker than the album that preceded it, ¡Alarma!. The album starts with the eerie backward sounds of "Hollow Man" (inspired by T. S. Eliot's poem, The Hollow Men). Taylor's lyrics to "I Didn't Build it For Me", "Autographs for the Sick", and "New Car" were sharp attacks on televangelists, anticipating the Jimmy Swaggart/Jim Bakker/Robert Tilton scandals of 1987–88. Doppelgänger is the second of a four-part series of albums by DA entitled The ¡Alarma! Chronicles, which also includes ¡Alarma!, Vox Humana and Fearful Symmetry. In the tour that followed the release, the band presented a full multimedia event, complete with video screens synchronized to the music, something that was unusual in the early 1980s for any Christian band. The stage presentation even prompted heckling at some shows. This album, along with the other three albums from the Alarma! Chronicles, was rereleased as part of the Alarma! Chronicles book-set in 2000. The book set included three CDs, over 200 pages of lyrics, photos, liner notes, essays, interviews and other information in a hardcover book.
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Reissue
Reissue In 2014, Born Twice Records revisited the album as part of its ongoing deluxe reissue series re-issued the album as a two-CD.
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Track listing
Track listing
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Side one
Side one "Hollow Man" (Taylor) (2:46) "Mall (All Over the World)" (Taylor) (3:17) "Real Girls" (Taylor, Chamberlain) (3:01) "New Car!" (Taylor) (2:01) "Do Big Boys Cry" (Taylor) (2:07) "Youth With a Machine" (Taylor) (2:45) "The Double" (Taylor) (3:56)
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Side two
Side two "Distance and Direction" (Taylor) (2:55) "Memory Lane" (Taylor) (3:51) "Angels Tuck You In" (Taylor) (2:45) "Little Crosses" (Chamberlain) (2:40) "Autographs for the Sick" (words by Taylor, music by Taylor, Chamberlain, Chandler) (1:42) "I Didn't Build It for Me" (words by Taylor, music by Taylor, Chamberlain) (2:50) "Here I Am" (Taylor) (3:16) "Hollow Man (Reprise)" (Taylor) (0:53)
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Deluxe edition bonus disc
Deluxe edition bonus disc "Hollow Man" [Alternate] "Mall (All Over the World)" [Alternate] Concert Intro "Real Girls" [Live] "New Car!" [Live] "Do Big Boys Cry" [Instrumental] "Youth with a Machine" [Toy Mix] "The Double" [Extended Rough] "Distance and Direction" [Alternate] "Distance and Direction" [Vocal Mix] "Memory Lane" [Live] "Angels Tuck You In" [Rough] "Little Crosses" [Fragment] "Autographs for the Sick" [Alternate] "I Didn’t Build It For Me" [Alternate] "Here I Am" [Instrumental] "Hollow Man" (Reprise) [Alternate]
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Personnel
Personnel Jerry Chamberlain – lead guitars, background vocals, lead vocal on "Little Crosses", spoken lead vocal on "Autographs For The Sick", percussion Tim Chandler – bass guitar, background vocals, percussion Ed McTaggart – drums, background vocals, percussion Terry Scott Taylor – rhythm guitars, lead vocals Additional musicians Tom Howard – keyboards, background vocals Mark Cook – keyboards, background vocals Marty Dieckmeyer – keyboards, bass Jeff Lams – keyboards Rob Watson – keyboards Bill Colton – saxophone Alex MacDougall – percussion Randy Stonehill – background vocals Derri Daugherty – background vocals Janet McTaggart – background vocals Dori Howard – background vocals The Three Women from Istanbul – background vocals Emilia Emulator – background vocals Production notes Thom Roy – engineering Derri Daugherty – second engineer Recorded and mixed at Whitefield Studios, Santa Ana, California Steve Hall - mastering (at MCA Whitney) Rehearsals and arrangements recorded at the Rebel Base, Santa Ana Derrill Bazzy – art direction, photography, album art concepts Bonnie Ferguson – photography Terry Taylor – album art concepts Phillip Mangano – album art concepts Keyboards arranged by Taylor/Chamberlain/Howard Tom Gulotta – project coordinator Eric Townsend – alternate bonus mixes Re-mastered by J Powell at Steinhaus
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
References
References Category:1983 albums Category:Daniel Amos albums
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album)
Table of Content
Infobox album , Content, Reissue, Track listing, Side one, Side two, Deluxe edition bonus disc, Personnel, References
Pirozhki
Use dmy dates
Pirozhki () () are Eastern European baked or fried yeast-leavened boat-shaped buns with a variety of fillings. Pirozhki are a popular street food and comfort food in Eastern Europe.
Pirozhki
Terminology
Terminology The stress in is on the last syllable: . (, singular) is the diminutive form of Russian pirog, which means a full-sized pie. Pirozhki are not to be confused with the Polish pierogi (a cognate term), which are called or pyrohy in Ukrainian and Doukhoborese, and vareniki in Russian.
Pirozhki
Variations
Variations A typical pirozhok is boat- or rarely crescent-shaped, made of yeast-leavened dough, with filling completely enclosed. Similar Russian pastries (pirogs) of other shapes include coulibiac, kalitka, rasstegai, and vatrushka. Pirozhki are either fried or baked. They come in sweet or savory varieties. Common savory fillings include ground meat, mashed potato, mushrooms, boiled egg with scallions, or cabbage. Typical sweet fillings are fruit (apple, cherry, apricot, lemon), jam, or tvorog. Baked pirozhki may be glazed with egg to produce golden color. They may also be decorated with strips of dough. Pirozhki are usually hand-sized. A smaller version may be served with soups.
Pirozhki
Regional varieties
Regional varieties thumb|Puff pastry pirozhki
Pirozhki
The Americas
The Americas Varieties of pirozhki were brought to the Americas by Volga Germans. Known today as bierock, pirok or runza, they belong to several regional cuisines in the United States, Canada and Argentina. The populous Russian diaspora which came to the Americas as a consequence of the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and (much later) the collapse of the Soviet Union, brought with them the more classic Russian versions of pirozhki.
Pirozhki
The Balkans
The Balkans The Greek variety () is popular in parts of Greece, in particular in Northern Greece, as brought by Pontic Greeks, and in most big cities, where they are sold, most in the past time but also less still today, as a type of fast food in specialty shops called Piroski shops, selling piroski exclusively. The Greek come fried with many different stuffings, such as Greek feta cheese or Greek kasseri cheese or minced meat or mashed potato or mix of feta cheese and ham or other filling. In Serbia the local variety are cylindrical pastries called / (). They are stuffed with fillings such as ground spiced meat mix of pork and veal or cottage cheese, and with kulen, tomato sauce and herbs. Alternatively they are made from breaded crepes with variety of fillings. In Croatia, the name (sing.), (pl.) was derived from pirog, and refers to a kind of uštipci.
Pirozhki
The Baltics
The Baltics In Latvia, crescent-shaped buns of leavened dough called (literally, "fatback tarts") or (often referred to in diminutive or colloquially simply or ) are traditionally filled with smoked fatback and onion. Other fillings are also possible. However the name is not exclusive to these buns, but can refer to variety of other pastries, such as pies and turnovers. were often eaten as lunch by farmers and shepherds working the fields. Estonians (and Finns) too have this tradition. The or are fairly small in size and have regional variations in respect to fillings. They are usually made with puff pastry. Open pies covering the scale of whole baking tray are also popular, more similar to American pies. Many recipes exist, with meat, cabbage, carrots, rice, egg and other fillings and filling mixtures also being used. Sweet fillings are as popular as savory with fillings like apple, various berries, marzipan, various spices and jam.
Pirozhki
South Caucasus
South Caucasus The Russian variant of pirozhki is a common fast food in Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Armenia it often contains a potato or seasoned meat filling. In Azerbaijan it is usually made with jam, mashed potatoes, or ground beef.
Pirozhki
Central Asia
Central Asia Pirozhki are common as fast food on the streets of the Central Asian countries in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, where they were introduced by the Russians. They are also made by many Russians and non-Russians at home.
Pirozhki
Finland
Finland The Finnish version is the similar , a popular street food made with donut dough, minced meat and rice.
Pirozhki
Iran
Iran thumb|Iranian homemade pirashki and chips The Iranian version, ( ), is often consumed as a appetizer or as a street food. It is commonly filled with pastry cream, but potato and meat fillings are also available.
Pirozhki
Japan
Japan The dish was introduced to Japan by White Russian refugees who sought shelter there after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. A localized Japanese version, called (), are predominantly fried, use fillings such as ground meat, boiled egg, bean noodles, and spring onion, and are commonly breaded with panko before frying, in the manner of Japanese . Another popular variation is filled with Japanese curry and is quite similar to karē-pan, which is itself said to be inspired by pirozhki.
Pirozhki
Mongolia
Mongolia Pirozhki is common as fast food in Mongolia, and it is made throughout the country by families at home.
Pirozhki
See also
See also Banitsa Börek Bougatsa Cantiq Chiburekki Coulibiac Empanadas Fatayer Knish Lihapiirakka List of Russian dishes Pasty Peremech Pierogi Pogača Runza Samosas Turnover (food) Uchpuchmak Vatrushka
Pirozhki
Notes
Notes
Pirozhki
References
References
Pirozhki
Sources
Sources Piroshki or Pirozhki in Larousse Gastronomique, The New American Edition (Jenifer Harvey Lang, ed.), Crown Publishers, New York (1988), p. 809. Piroghi or Pirozhki in Larouse Gastronomique, first English language edition (Nina Froud and Charlotte Turgeon, eds.), Paul Hamlyn, London (1961), p. 740-741. Pirog in The Oxford Companion to Food (Alan Davidson), Oxford University Press (1999), p.p. 609-610. Speķa rauši in "Latviska un Moderna Virtuve" (The Latvian and Modern Kitchen), Fischbach D.P. Camp, Germany, 1949; pg. 24 , original in Latvian and translated into English Category:Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine Category:Russian pastries Category:Soviet cuisine Category:Greek cuisine Category:Serbian cuisine Category:Estonian cuisine Category:Iranian cuisine Category:Azerbaijani cuisine Category:Armenian cuisine Category:Central Asian cuisine Category:Mongolian cuisine Category:Japanese cuisine Category:Savoury pies Category:Snack foods Category:Street food Category:Stuffed dishes Category:National dishes Category:Street food in Russia Category:Foods with jam
Pirozhki
Table of Content
Use dmy dates, Terminology, Variations, Regional varieties, The Americas, The Balkans, The Baltics, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Finland, Iran, Japan, Mongolia, See also, Notes, References, Sources
Takeshi Kaga
Short description
, real name , is a well-known stage and movie actor in Japan who is best known internationally for his portrayal of Chairman Kaga in the Japanese television show Iron Chef produced by Fuji TV.
Takeshi Kaga
Biography
Biography Kaga was born on October 12, 1950, in the city of Kanazawa in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. His first experience on stage was at the age of seven when he joined the Kanazawa City Boys choral group. In 1972, he joined the Japanese theatrical company Gekidan Shiki. While with the company, he played the role of Jesus in the Japanese stage production of Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), and role of Tony in West Side Story (1974). In 1980 he left Shiki to play the role of Sanada in the movie The Beast To Die. He starred in several movies throughout the 1980s, but his most famous role would be that of "Chairman Kaga", the eccentric and flamboyant host of Ryōri no Tetsujin, a cooking competition show (1993–1999). It became very popular, not only in Japan, but around the English-speaking world. Previously broadcast on the Food Network, then on the Fine Living Network in the United States and on SBS in Australia, under the name Iron Chef, the show is now being carried on the Cooking Channel in the United States, and in the UK in Iron Chef UK. The host of Iron Chef America, Mark Dacascos, is claimed on ICA to be Takeshi's nephew, though the stated relationship is actually between the fictional characters played by the two men. Despite his international fame with the show, he has not given up his love for musicals. In 1987 he starred in the popular Japanese production of Les Misérables as Jean Valjean and Javert. He reprised his role as Valjean in 1995 as the representative of Japan during the encore of the 10th Anniversary Concert of Les Misérables at the Royal Albert Hall in London. During the encore, Valjeans from 17 countries joined the cast on stage. He also starred in Macbeth in 2000, and in Jekyll & Hyde as well as in The Threepenny Opera in 2001. In 2009, he starred in a Japanese-language version of La Cage aux Folles . He has also lent his voice to Japanese anime. Notably, he voiced Jirarudan, an antagonist, in 1999's Pokémon the Movie: Revelation Lugia, the second Pokémon movie, and also sung his theme song, "Ware Wa Collector." He also notably voiced Dr. Kiriko in 2005's Black Jack: The Two Doctors of Darkness. After Iron Chef ended, he returned to acting in movies and dramas. He also hosted Time Shock 21, a quiz show on Asahi Television in Japan. In 2005, Kaga performed as the lead in the Japanese production of Michael Frayn's Democracy and starred in the blockbuster film Sengoku Jieitai 1549. Kaga also appeared in both installments of the highly successful Death Note film series as Soichiro Yagami.
Takeshi Kaga
Filmography
Filmography
Takeshi Kaga
Television
Television Year Title Role Notes 1978 Ōgon no Hibi Dom Justo Takayama Taiga drama 1983 Tokugawa Ieyasu Ishida Mitsunari Taiga drama 1990 Tobu ga Gotoku Ōkubo Toshimichi Lead role; Taiga drama 1993 Furikaereba Yatsu ga Iru Junichi Nakagawa 1994 Furuhata Ninzaburo Junichi Nakagawa Episode 8 2010 Kaibutsu-kun King Monster 2016 Pretty Proofreader Daisaku Hongō Special appearance 2017 Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit Hibitonan Season 3; substitute for Mikijirō Hira 2018 Segodon Shimazu Narioki Taiga drama
Takeshi Kaga
Films
Films Year Title Role Notes 1980 The Beast To Die Tetsuo Sanada 1988 Kimurake no Hitobito Hazime Kimura Lead role 2005 Black Jack: Two Doctors in Black Dr. Kiriko (voice) 2006 Death Note Soichiro Yagami Death Note: The Last Name Soichiro Yagami 2019 Whistleblower Motonari Nashida 2025 Bullets, Bones and Blocked Noses: The Movie
Takeshi Kaga
Japanese dub
Japanese dub Year Title Role Notes 2023WishSabino
Takeshi Kaga
References
References
Takeshi Kaga
External links
External links Official Website Takeshi Kaga Biography from FineLiving.com Daisuke & Yasuyoshi's Takeshi Kaga Unofficial Fan & Fun Page The Official Time Shock 21 Website Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:Japanese male film actors Category:Japanese male musical theatre actors Category:Japanese male television actors Category:Male actors from Kanazawa, Ishikawa Category:Taiga drama lead actors Category:20th-century Japanese male actors Category:21st-century Japanese male actors
Takeshi Kaga
Table of Content
Short description, Biography, Filmography, Television, Films, Japanese dub, References, External links
Phossy jaw
Short description
thumb|right|Match factory worker with phossy jaw thumb Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) without proper safeguards. It is also likely to occur as the result of use of chemical weapons that contain white phosphorus. It was most commonly seen in workers in the matchstick industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was caused by white phosphorus vapor, which destroys the bones of the jaw. Modern occupational hygiene practices have since eliminated the working conditions that caused this disease.
Phossy jaw
Symptoms
Symptoms Those with phossy jaw would usually begin suffering painful toothaches and swelling of the gums. The pain was characterized as "persistent yet progressive ... spreading to neighboring teeth and jawbone". Over time, pus formation developed penetrating the oral mucosa with the formation of fistula, tooth loss, and recurrent abscesses. Further progression led to the formation of sequestrum (dead bone that has separated from living bone) after three months and necrosis of the jaw within six months. The distinguishing feature of this disease was the eventual separation of the sequestrum which was described as porous and light in weight. The lower jaw was more commonly affected than the upper jaw. Affected bones glowed a greenish-white colour in the dark. The condition also affected the brain, provoking seizures in some chronic cases.
Phossy jaw
Treatment
Treatment Treatments included topical antimicrobials, conservative debridement of sequestra and surgery. Surgical removal of the afflicted jaw bones could save the patient; otherwise, death from organ failure would follow. The disease was extremely painful and disfiguring to the patient, with dying bone tissue rotting away accompanied by a foul-smelling discharge. Removal of the jaw bone also had serious effects on patients' ability to eat, leading to further health concerns including malnutrition.
Phossy jaw
Diagnostic imaging
Diagnostic imaging The clinical features appear first, pain in the teeth and jaw, abscesses, etc. as described above. Once the clinical changes occur and the problem is made known a doctor or dentist could see changes in the jaw bones through radiographs or X-rays. The sequestra, the parts of the bone that die and break off, are light in weight and yellow to brown in color. Thus phossy jaw can be clearly demarcated from similar entities by radiographs. In radiographs, the sequestra present a typical worm-eaten appearance similar to a pumice stone. Sequestra appear osteoporotic and decalcified. Separation of the dead bone from the surrounding bone appears clearly demarcated in the radiographs.
Phossy jaw
History
History
Phossy jaw
Discovery
Discovery The first case of phossy jaw was diagnosed in 1839 by Friedrich Wilhelm Lorinser, a doctor in Vienna. The patient was a female Viennese matchstick maker who had been exposed to the phosphorus vapors over a five-year period. He named the disease "Phosphorimus chronicus". In 1844 Lorinser reported 22 cases of phossy jaw and established the toxic effects of white phosphorus in matchsticks.
Phossy jaw
International and national legislation and public organisations
International and national legislation and public organisations
Phossy jaw
Europe
Europe In 1872, the Grand Duchy of Finland, part of the Russian Empire, was the first country to place an absolute ban on the manufacture, use and sale of white phosphorus in matches; this was followed by Denmark in 1874 and France in 1897. In Great Britain, a ban on white phosphorus matches became effective on 1 January 1910. The international association for labor legislation, an international conference, met at Berne, Switzerland, in 1906 and pledged to prohibit the manufacture, importation and sale of white phosphorus matches. This treaty was signed by Finland, Denmark, France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany, in what is considered as the first international attempt to ban an industrial product.
Phossy jaw
United States
United States Phossy jaw was publicized by the American Association for Labor Legislation, whose secretary, John B. Andrews, began investigating the disease in 1909 and found more than 100 cases. This report was published in the Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor. The White Phosphorus Match Act of 1912, signed by President William Howard Taft on April 9, 1912, required manufacturers who used white phosphorus to register with district collectors of internal revenue and to file periodic notices and returns, levied a tax of two cents per hundred matches and required makers of white-phosphorus matches to affix revenue stamps to the matchboxes.
Phossy jaw
Asia
Asia Russia placed a heavy tax on white phosphorus matches in 1892 which was doubled in 1905. By 1906, the production of white phosphorus matches had been reduced to one match in every fifty. India and Japan banned the use of white phosphorus in 1919 after the United States, followed by China's ban on white phosphorus usage in match production in 1925.
Phossy jaw
Match industry
Match industry White phosphorus was the active ingredient of most matches from the 1840s to the 1910s. Concern over phossy jaw contributed to the London matchgirls strike of 1888, and although this strike did not end the use of white phosphorus, William Booth and The Salvation Army opened a match-making factory in 1891 that used the much safer, though more expensive, red phosphorus.Fact and fiction about Salvation Army history. salvationarmy.org.au The Salvation Army also campaigned with local retailers to get them to sell only red phosphorus matches. However it was not until the use of white phosphorus was prohibited by the international Berne Convention in 1906 and its provisions were implemented in national laws over the next few years that industrial use ceased.Phossy jaw. Rootsweb.com. Retrieved on 2018-04-12.
Phossy jaw
Mechanism of action of white phosphorus
Mechanism of action of white phosphorus In phossy jaw patients, the forensic evidence suggested the conversion of yellow phosphorus to potent amino bisphosphonates by natural chemical reactions in the human body. Yellow phosphorus has a simple chemistry; when combined with H2O and molecules from respiration and some amino acids such as lysine, bisphosphonates result.
Phossy jaw
Links to bisphosphonates
Links to bisphosphonates A related condition, medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), has been described as a side-effect of amino-bisphosphonates, a class of phosphorus-based drugs that inhibit bone resorption and are used widely for treating osteoporosis, bone disease in cancer and some other conditions. BON, sometimes called "bis-phossy jaw", is primarily associated with the use of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of cancer. The percentage incidence of BON from this use is approximately 1000 times higher than the incidence of BON caused by the use of oral bisphosphonates.
Phossy jaw
See also
See also Industrial injury Osteonecrosis of the jaw Radium jaw Radium Girls
Phossy jaw
References
References Category:Phosphorus Category:Occupational diseases Category:Osteonecrosis
Phossy jaw
Table of Content
Short description, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnostic imaging, History, Discovery, International and national legislation and public organisations, Europe, United States, Asia, Match industry, Mechanism of action of white phosphorus, Links to bisphosphonates, See also, References
Super-hero
#
Redirect superhero
Super-hero
Table of Content
#
Super-heroes
#
Redirect superhero
Super-heroes
Table of Content
#
Super-villain
#
Redirect supervillain
Super-villain
Table of Content
#
Pope Adeodatus II
Short description
Pope Adeodatus II ( 621–17 June 676), sometimes called Deodatus, was the bishop of Rome from 672 to his death. He devoted much of his papacy to improving churches and fighting monothelitism.
Pope Adeodatus II
Rise
Rise Born in Rome in c. 621, Adeodatus was the son of a man named Jovinianus. He became a Benedictine monk of the Roman cloister of St Erasmus on the Caelian Hill. He became Pope on 11 April 672 in succession to Vitalian. His election was ratified by the exarch of Ravenna within weeks, as required during the period of Byzantine papacy.
Pope Adeodatus II
Pontificate
Pontificate Adeodatus II's pontificate is extremely obscure. It coincided with a surge of passionate interest in Pope Martin I and Maximus the Confessor, who were known for resisting the support of the Eastern Roman emperors for Monothelism. In light of this, Pope Adeodatus rejected the synodical letters sent to him by Patriarch Constantine I of Constantinople. Because of this, his name was excluded from the diptychs in Constantinople. Adeodatus was active in improving monastic discipline and in the repression of Monothelitism and gave Venice the right to choose its doge. During his pontificate, the Basilica of St. Peter was built at the eighth milestone of the Via Portuensis. St. Erasmus was also reconstructed. Elected as Pope on 11 April 672, Adeodatus II did not get involved in political events and disengaged himself from the events at the time surrounding Monothelitism. Pope Adeodatus II devoted his reign to the restoration of churches in disrepair. He protected the Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul (known as St. Augustine's Abbey), exempted Marmoutier Abbey, Tours (Abbey of St. Martin of Tours) from the authority of the Holy See, and led improvements to St. Erasmus' monastery. He is sometimes called saint and 26 June is given as his feast day, but this is disputed. Adeodatus II's papacy did not contribute by a large amount to society. He died on 17 June 676 and was succeeded by Donus.
Pope Adeodatus II
Notes
Notes
Pope Adeodatus II
References
References Category:676 deaths Category:Papal saints Category:Italian popes Category:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy Category:7th-century archbishops Category:7th-century Christian saints Category:Benedictine popes Category:Italian Benedictines Category:Popes Category:7th-century popes Category:621 births Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
Pope Adeodatus II
Table of Content
Short description, Rise, Pontificate, Notes, References
Super-villains
#
Redirect supervillain
Super-villains
Table of Content
#
Pope Donus
Short description
Pope Donus (died on 11 April 678) was the bishop of Rome from 676 to his death. Few details survive about him or his achievements beyond what is recorded in the Liber Pontificalis.
Pope Donus
Election
Election Donus was the son of a Roman named Maurice. He became pope on 2 November 676, having been selected to succeed Adeodatus II. By that time, Donus was already elderly.
Pope Donus
Pontificate
Pontificate Donus expanded the clergy of Rome with twelve new priests and five deacons. He also consecrated six bishops for various sees.Duchesne, p. 348. One of these may have been Vitalianus of Arezzo. He had the atrium of Old St. Peter's Basilica paved with large blocks of white marble, and restored other churches of Rome, notably the church of St. Euphemia on the Appian Way and the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.Duchesne, Liber Pontificalis I, p. 348, who conjectures in note 2 that the church in question was not the Basilica, but instead a small church commemorating the parting of Peter and Paul on their way to execution. Mann, pp. 20-21. Donus was shocked to discover a colony of Nestorian monks in Boetianum, a Syrian monastery in Rome. He gave their monastery to Roman monks and dispersed them through the various religious houses of the city in the hope that they would accept Chalcedonian Christianity. The Nestorians were possibly refugees fleeing the Muslim conquest of the Levant. During the pontificate of Donus, Archbishop Reparatus of Ravenna returned to the obedience of the Holy See, thus ending the schism created by Archbishop Maurus, who had aimed at making Ravenna autocephalous.Oestereich, Thomas. "Pope Donus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 12 September 2017] Donus' relations with Constantinople tended towards the conciliatory. On 10 August 678, Emperor Constantine IV addressed him as "the most holy and blessed archbishop of our ancient Rome and the universal pope," hoping to attract him to engage in negotiations with the patriarch of Constantinople and the Monothelites.Delogu, p. 61 note 14: Dono sanctissimo ac beatissimo archiepiscopo antiquae nostrae Romae et universali papae.... He ordered that Pope Vitalianus' name be put back in the diptychs of those bishops in communion with Constantinople, an act which caused him a great deal of trouble from the Monothelites and Patriarch Theodore I of Constantinople.Baronius (ed. Theiner), p. 600 (year 677, no. 2). The restoration was ordered by the VI Ecumenical Council. Donus died on 11 April 678 and was buried the same day in Old St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Agatho.Duchesne, p. 348.
Pope Donus
References
References
Pope Donus
Sources
Sources Doglu, Paolo. "Il papato tra l'impero bizantino e l'Occidente nel VII e VIII secolo," in: Duchesne, Louis (ed.) (1886). Le Liber pontificalis; texte, introduction et commentaire par L. Duchesne Tome premier. Paris: E. Thorin. pp. 348–349. Mann, Horace Kinder (1903). The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages. Volume I, Part II. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 20–22.
Pope Donus
External links
External links Gasparri, Stefano (2000). "Dono". Enciclopedia dei Papi Retrieved: 2016-11-27. Pope Donus in Patron Saints Index Category:678 deaths Category:Popes Category:Italian popes Category:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy Category:7th-century archbishops Category:Year of birth unknown Category:7th-century popes Category:610 births Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
Pope Donus
Table of Content
Short description, Election, Pontificate, References, Sources, External links
Oscar Buneman
About
Oscar Buneman (28 September 1913 – 24 January 1993) made advances in science, engineering, and mathematics. Buneman was a pioneer of computational plasma physics and plasma simulation.
Oscar Buneman
Career
Career In 1940 upon completion of his PhD with Douglas Hartree, Buneman joined Hartree's magnetron research group assisting the development of radar during World War II. They discovered the Buneman–Hartree criterion for the voltage threshold of a magnetron operation. After the war, Buneman developed theories and simulations of collision-less dissipation of currents called the Buneman instability. This is an example of anomalous resistivity or absorption. It is anomalous because the phenomenon does not depend on collisions. Buneman advanced elliptic equation solver methods and their associated applications (as well as for the fast Fourier transforms).
Oscar Buneman
Personal life
Personal life On 24 January 1993 Oscar Buneman at the age of 79 died near Stanford University. The computer scientist Peter Buneman is his son.
Oscar Buneman
Publications
Publications Buneman, O., "Time reversible difference procedures". Journal of Computers Physics. 1, 517 (1967). Buneman, O., "A compact non-iterative poisson-solver". SUIPR report 294, Stanford University (1969). Buneman, O., "Fast numerical procedures for computer experiments on relativistic plasmas, in "Relativistic Plasmas (The Coral Gables Conference)", Benjamin, NY, 1968. Buneman, O., and et al., "Principles and capabilities of 3d EM particle simulations". Journal of Computational Physics. 38, 1 (1980).
Oscar Buneman
References
References
Oscar Buneman
External links and resources
External links and resources Langdon, Bruce, "Remembrances of Oscar Buneman". ICNSP'98. Oscar Buneman Papers Rita Meyer-Spasche/Rolf Tomas Nossum: Persecution and Patronage: Oscar Buneman's years in Britain. In: Almagest, International Journal for the History of Scientific Ideas, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 Category:1913 births Category:1993 deaths Category:Plasma physicists Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society
Oscar Buneman
Table of Content
About, Career, Personal life, Publications, References, External links and resources
Hate mail
Short description
180px|thumb|The first page of the "Dear Boss" letter, dated 25 September 1888 Hate mail (as electronic, posted, or otherwise) is a form of harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments towards the recipient. Hate mail often contains exceptionally abusive, foul or otherwise hurtful language. The recipient may receive disparaging remarks concerning their ethnicity, gender, religion, intelligence, political ideology, sense of ethics, or sense of aesthetics. The text of hate mail often contains profanity, or it may simply contain a negative message. Senders of hate mail normally send anonymous letters or pose as someone else (either a different or fictitious individual) in order to avoid being identified and tracked down, as the nature of some hate mail would inevitably result in criminal charges if the sender was identified.
Hate mail
Notable examples of hate mail
Notable examples of hate mail thumb|Zodiac killer's letter sent to the San Francisco Chronicle on July 31, 1969 Hate mail has frequently been issued to footballers and managers by fans of rival football teams, and also by their own fans who are dissatisfied with the performance of an individual player, manager or the team. Neil Lennon, the former Celtic F.C. manager, received hate mail including a package containing a nail bomb from Rangers fans. Two men were jailed for five years in April 2012 for sending a nail bomb to Lennon. The parents of 10-year-old Holly Wells, a Cambridgeshire girl who was murdered along with her friend Jessica Chapman in the highly-publicised Soham murders in August 2002, received several letters shortly after their daughter's body was found, accusing them both of being involved in the murder of the two girls. They also received several letters with content including that they "got what they deserved" for allowing their daughter to play out on the Sabbath. Other letters with sexual content referring to the possible circumstances of her death were also written. The parents of Sarah Payne, who was murdered in West Sussex in July 2000, received an anonymous letter while she was still missing, accusing her father and grandfather of having murdered her. After Sarah's body was found, her parents also received letters berating them for allowing Sarah and her three siblings to play unsupervised on a beach. Her mother, Sara Payne, now a child protection campaigner, closed her Twitter social networking account in November 2014 following a long campaign of abuse by trolls, which included allegations that she had made a vast amount of money from her media work and was "glorying in a lavish lifestyle" as a result, suggestions that Roy Whiting (convicted of Sarah's murder) was innocent, threatening messages from Twitter users claiming to be paedophiles, and remarks about the death of her former husband Michael from an alcoholism related illness the previous month.
Hate mail
See also
See also Death threat Flaming Hate crime Hate speech Obscene phone call Poison pen letter Fan mail
Hate mail
References
References
Hate mail
External links
External links The Forensic Linguistics Institute
Hate mail
Scholarly articles
Scholarly articles
Hate mail
News articles
News articles "Jewish activists opposing the Israeli government's policies face intimidation and harassment via email and on the internet." Guardian Unlimited, 19 January 2004 "Racist Hate Mail Found In Durham Mailboxes" WRAL-TV, 10 October 2006 Category:Letters (message) Category:Hate crime Category:Abuse
Hate mail
Table of Content
Short description, Notable examples of hate mail, See also, References, External links, Scholarly articles, News articles
Odysseus Laertiades
#
redirect Odysseus
Odysseus Laertiades
Table of Content
#
Penelope the Wise
#
redirect Penelope
Penelope the Wise
Table of Content
#
WFU
'''WFU'''
WFU can refer to Wake Forest University, a private university in North Carolina Water filtration unit, used for water purification Westlife Fans United, a fan club for the vocal group Westlife Wildland Fire Use, a wildland fire management term Withdrawn from use, a military acronym, particularly in the United Kingdom Women's Food and Farming Union, an organization in the United Kingdom Woodfree uncoated paper WuFeng University in Chiayi County, Taiwan
WFU
Table of Content
'''WFU'''
Ann Miller
short description
Ann Miller (born Johnnie Lucille Collier; April 12, 1923 – January 22, 2004) was an American actress and dancer. She is best remembered for her work in the classical Hollywood cinema musicals of the 1940s and 1950s. Her early film work included roles in Room Service with the Marx Brothers and Frank Capra's You Can't Take It with You, both released in 1938. She later starred in the musical classics Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949) and Kiss Me Kate (1953). Her final film role was in Mulholland Drive (2001). In 1960, Miller received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2017, The Daily Telegraph named her one of the greatest actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination.