title
stringlengths 1
80
| section
stringlengths 1
623
| text
stringlengths 0
40.4k
|
|---|---|---|
Pierogi | External links | External links
The Pierogi Renaissance: How Poland's Most Famous Dish is Reinventing Itself
Category:Culture of Cleveland
Category:Cuisine of the Mid-Atlantic states
Category:Cuisine of the Midwestern United States
Category:Dumplings
Category:Hungarian cuisine
Category:Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Category:Lithuanian cuisine
Category:Mennonite cuisine
Category:Moldovan cuisine
Category:National dishes
Category:National symbols of Poland
Category:National symbols of Ukraine
Category:Polish-American culture
Category:Polish-Australian culture
Category:Polish-Canadian culture
Category:Polish-New Zealand culture
Category:Polish cuisine
Category:Romanian cuisine
Category:Belarusian cuisine
Category:Russian cuisine
Category:Slovak cuisine
Category:Ukrainian cuisine
Category:Soviet cuisine
Category:Stuffed dishes
Category:Ground meat
Category:Serbian cuisine
Category:Slovenian cuisine
Category:Croatian cuisine
Category:Bulgarian cuisine
Category:German cuisine
Category:Austrian cuisine
Category:Georgian cuisine
Category:Caucasian cuisine
Category:Romani culture
Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine
Category:Cuisine of Manitoba
Category:Peasant food
Category:Cuisine of Paraná (state)
Category:Christmas food |
Pierogi | Table of Content | Short description, Terminology, Origins, Ingredients and preparation, Fillings, Preparation, Countries, Poland, Ukraine, German-speaking regions, Hungary, Romania and Moldova, Russia and Belarus, Russian Mennonite cuisine, Slovakia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Turkey, United States and Canada, Lazy noodles and lazy varenyky, In culture, Monuments, See also, References, External links |
Pirogi | <!--#REDIRECT [[Pierogi]]--> | Pirogi may refer to:
Pierogi, English name for East-European dumplings
Pirog, Russian word for "pie" (singular form)
Pyrih, Ukrainian for "pie" |
Pirogi | Table of Content | <!--#REDIRECT [[Pierogi]]--> |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Infobox album
| Doppelgänger is the fifth studio album by Christian alternative rock band Daniel Amos issued on their own Alarma! Records label in 1983. It is the second album in their ¡Alarma! Chronicles album cycle. |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Content | Content
Doppelgänger is much darker than the album that preceded it, ¡Alarma!. The album starts with the eerie backward sounds of "Hollow Man" (inspired by T. S. Eliot's poem, The Hollow Men). Taylor's lyrics to "I Didn't Build it For Me", "Autographs for the Sick", and "New Car" were sharp attacks on televangelists, anticipating the Jimmy Swaggart/Jim Bakker/Robert Tilton scandals of 1987–88.
Doppelgänger is the second of a four-part series of albums by DA entitled The ¡Alarma! Chronicles, which also includes ¡Alarma!, Vox Humana and Fearful Symmetry. In the tour that followed the release, the band presented a full multimedia event, complete with video screens synchronized to the music, something that was unusual in the early 1980s for any Christian band. The stage presentation even prompted heckling at some shows.
This album, along with the other three albums from the Alarma! Chronicles, was rereleased as part of the Alarma! Chronicles book-set in 2000. The book set included three CDs, over 200 pages of lyrics, photos, liner notes, essays, interviews and other information in a hardcover book. |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Reissue | Reissue
In 2014,
Born Twice Records revisited the album as part of its ongoing deluxe reissue series re-issued the album as a two-CD. |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Track listing | Track listing |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Side one | Side one
"Hollow Man" (Taylor) (2:46)
"Mall (All Over the World)" (Taylor) (3:17)
"Real Girls" (Taylor, Chamberlain) (3:01)
"New Car!" (Taylor) (2:01)
"Do Big Boys Cry" (Taylor) (2:07)
"Youth With a Machine" (Taylor) (2:45)
"The Double" (Taylor) (3:56) |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Side two | Side two
"Distance and Direction" (Taylor) (2:55)
"Memory Lane" (Taylor) (3:51)
"Angels Tuck You In" (Taylor) (2:45)
"Little Crosses" (Chamberlain) (2:40)
"Autographs for the Sick" (words by Taylor, music by Taylor, Chamberlain, Chandler) (1:42)
"I Didn't Build It for Me" (words by Taylor, music by Taylor, Chamberlain) (2:50)
"Here I Am" (Taylor) (3:16)
"Hollow Man (Reprise)" (Taylor) (0:53) |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Deluxe edition bonus disc | Deluxe edition bonus disc
"Hollow Man" [Alternate]
"Mall (All Over the World)" [Alternate]
Concert Intro
"Real Girls" [Live]
"New Car!" [Live]
"Do Big Boys Cry" [Instrumental]
"Youth with a Machine" [Toy Mix]
"The Double" [Extended Rough]
"Distance and Direction" [Alternate]
"Distance and Direction" [Vocal Mix]
"Memory Lane" [Live]
"Angels Tuck You In" [Rough]
"Little Crosses" [Fragment]
"Autographs for the Sick" [Alternate]
"I Didn’t Build It For Me" [Alternate]
"Here I Am" [Instrumental]
"Hollow Man" (Reprise) [Alternate] |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Personnel | Personnel
Jerry Chamberlain – lead guitars, background vocals, lead vocal on "Little Crosses", spoken lead vocal on "Autographs For The Sick", percussion
Tim Chandler – bass guitar, background vocals, percussion
Ed McTaggart – drums, background vocals, percussion
Terry Scott Taylor – rhythm guitars, lead vocals
Additional musicians
Tom Howard – keyboards, background vocals
Mark Cook – keyboards, background vocals
Marty Dieckmeyer – keyboards, bass
Jeff Lams – keyboards
Rob Watson – keyboards
Bill Colton – saxophone
Alex MacDougall – percussion
Randy Stonehill – background vocals
Derri Daugherty – background vocals
Janet McTaggart – background vocals
Dori Howard – background vocals
The Three Women from Istanbul – background vocals
Emilia Emulator – background vocals
Production notes
Thom Roy – engineering
Derri Daugherty – second engineer
Recorded and mixed at Whitefield Studios, Santa Ana, California
Steve Hall - mastering (at MCA Whitney)
Rehearsals and arrangements recorded at the Rebel Base, Santa Ana
Derrill Bazzy – art direction, photography, album art concepts
Bonnie Ferguson – photography
Terry Taylor – album art concepts
Phillip Mangano – album art concepts
Keyboards arranged by Taylor/Chamberlain/Howard
Tom Gulotta – project coordinator
Eric Townsend – alternate bonus mixes
Re-mastered by J Powell at Steinhaus |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | References | References
Category:1983 albums
Category:Daniel Amos albums |
Doppelgänger (Daniel Amos album) | Table of Content | Infobox album
, Content, Reissue, Track listing, Side one, Side two, Deluxe edition bonus disc, Personnel, References |
Pirozhki | Use dmy dates | Pirozhki () () are Eastern European baked or fried yeast-leavened boat-shaped buns with a variety of fillings. Pirozhki are a popular street food and comfort food in Eastern Europe. |
Pirozhki | Terminology | Terminology
The stress in is on the last syllable: . (, singular) is the diminutive form of Russian pirog, which means a full-sized pie. Pirozhki are not to be confused with the Polish pierogi (a cognate term), which are called or pyrohy in Ukrainian and Doukhoborese, and vareniki in Russian. |
Pirozhki | Variations | Variations
A typical pirozhok is boat- or rarely crescent-shaped, made of yeast-leavened dough, with filling completely enclosed. Similar Russian pastries (pirogs) of other shapes include coulibiac, kalitka, rasstegai, and vatrushka.
Pirozhki are either fried or baked. They come in sweet or savory varieties. Common savory fillings include ground meat, mashed potato, mushrooms, boiled egg with scallions, or cabbage. Typical sweet fillings are fruit (apple, cherry, apricot, lemon), jam, or tvorog.
Baked pirozhki may be glazed with egg to produce golden color. They may also be decorated with strips of dough.
Pirozhki are usually hand-sized. A smaller version may be served with soups. |
Pirozhki | Regional varieties | Regional varieties
thumb|Puff pastry pirozhki |
Pirozhki | The Americas | The Americas
Varieties of pirozhki were brought to the Americas by Volga Germans. Known today as bierock, pirok or runza, they belong to several regional cuisines in the United States, Canada and Argentina. The populous Russian diaspora which came to the Americas as a consequence of the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and (much later) the collapse of the Soviet Union, brought with them the more classic Russian versions of pirozhki. |
Pirozhki | The Balkans | The Balkans
The Greek variety () is popular in parts of Greece, in particular in Northern Greece, as brought by Pontic Greeks, and in most big cities, where they are sold, most in the past time but also less still today, as a type of fast food in specialty shops called Piroski shops, selling piroski exclusively. The Greek come fried with many different stuffings, such as Greek feta cheese or Greek kasseri cheese or minced meat or mashed potato or mix of feta cheese and ham or other filling.
In Serbia the local variety are cylindrical pastries called / (). They are stuffed with fillings such as ground spiced meat mix of pork and veal or cottage cheese, and with kulen, tomato sauce and herbs. Alternatively they are made from breaded crepes with variety of fillings.
In Croatia, the name (sing.), (pl.) was derived from pirog, and refers to a kind of uštipci. |
Pirozhki | The Baltics | The Baltics
In Latvia, crescent-shaped buns of leavened dough called (literally, "fatback tarts") or (often referred to in diminutive or colloquially simply or ) are traditionally filled with smoked fatback and onion. Other fillings are also possible. However the name is not exclusive to these buns, but can refer to variety of other pastries, such as pies and turnovers. were often eaten as lunch by farmers and shepherds working the fields.
Estonians (and Finns) too have this tradition. The or are fairly small in size and have regional variations in respect to fillings. They are usually made with puff pastry. Open pies covering the scale of whole baking tray are also popular, more similar to American pies. Many recipes exist, with meat, cabbage, carrots, rice, egg and other fillings and filling mixtures also being used. Sweet fillings are as popular as savory with fillings like apple, various berries, marzipan, various spices and jam. |
Pirozhki | South Caucasus | South Caucasus
The Russian variant of pirozhki is a common fast food in Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Armenia it often contains a potato or seasoned meat filling. In Azerbaijan it is usually made with jam, mashed potatoes, or ground beef. |
Pirozhki | Central Asia | Central Asia
Pirozhki are common as fast food on the streets of the Central Asian countries in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, where they were introduced by the Russians. They are also made by many Russians and non-Russians at home. |
Pirozhki | Finland | Finland
The Finnish version is the similar , a popular street food made with donut dough, minced meat and rice. |
Pirozhki | Iran | Iran
thumb|Iranian homemade pirashki and chips
The Iranian version, ( ), is often consumed as a appetizer or as a street food. It is commonly filled with pastry cream, but potato and meat fillings are also available. |
Pirozhki | Japan | Japan
The dish was introduced to Japan by White Russian refugees who sought shelter there after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. A localized Japanese version, called (), are predominantly fried, use fillings such as ground meat, boiled egg, bean noodles, and spring onion, and are commonly breaded with panko before frying, in the manner of Japanese . Another popular variation is filled with Japanese curry and is quite similar to karē-pan, which is itself said to be inspired by pirozhki. |
Pirozhki | Mongolia | Mongolia
Pirozhki is common as fast food in Mongolia, and it is made throughout the country by families at home. |
Pirozhki | See also | See also
Banitsa
Börek
Bougatsa
Cantiq
Chiburekki
Coulibiac
Empanadas
Fatayer
Knish
Lihapiirakka
List of Russian dishes
Pasty
Peremech
Pierogi
Pogača
Runza
Samosas
Turnover (food)
Uchpuchmak
Vatrushka |
Pirozhki | Notes | Notes |
Pirozhki | References | References |
Pirozhki | Sources | Sources
Piroshki or Pirozhki in Larousse Gastronomique, The New American Edition (Jenifer Harvey Lang, ed.), Crown Publishers, New York (1988), p. 809.
Piroghi or Pirozhki in Larouse Gastronomique, first English language edition (Nina Froud and Charlotte Turgeon, eds.), Paul Hamlyn, London (1961), p. 740-741.
Pirog in The Oxford Companion to Food (Alan Davidson), Oxford University Press (1999), p.p. 609-610.
Speķa rauši in "Latviska un Moderna Virtuve" (The Latvian and Modern Kitchen), Fischbach D.P. Camp, Germany, 1949; pg. 24 , original in Latvian and translated into English
Category:Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Category:Russian pastries
Category:Soviet cuisine
Category:Greek cuisine
Category:Serbian cuisine
Category:Estonian cuisine
Category:Iranian cuisine
Category:Azerbaijani cuisine
Category:Armenian cuisine
Category:Central Asian cuisine
Category:Mongolian cuisine
Category:Japanese cuisine
Category:Savoury pies
Category:Snack foods
Category:Street food
Category:Stuffed dishes
Category:National dishes
Category:Street food in Russia
Category:Foods with jam |
Pirozhki | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, Terminology, Variations, Regional varieties, The Americas, The Balkans, The Baltics, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Finland, Iran, Japan, Mongolia, See also, Notes, References, Sources |
Takeshi Kaga | Short description | , real name , is a well-known stage and movie actor in Japan who is best known internationally for his portrayal of Chairman Kaga in the Japanese television show Iron Chef produced by Fuji TV. |
Takeshi Kaga | Biography | Biography
Kaga was born on October 12, 1950, in the city of Kanazawa in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. His first experience on stage was at the age of seven when he joined the Kanazawa City Boys choral group.
In 1972, he joined the Japanese theatrical company Gekidan Shiki. While with the company, he played the role of Jesus in the Japanese stage production of Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), and role of Tony in West Side Story (1974). In 1980 he left Shiki to play the role of Sanada in the movie The Beast To Die. He starred in several movies throughout the 1980s, but his most famous role would be that of "Chairman Kaga", the eccentric and flamboyant host of Ryōri no Tetsujin, a cooking competition show (1993–1999). It became very popular, not only in Japan, but around the English-speaking world. Previously broadcast on the Food Network, then on the Fine Living Network in the United States and on SBS in Australia, under the name Iron Chef, the show is now being carried on the Cooking Channel in the United States, and in the UK in Iron Chef UK. The host of Iron Chef America, Mark Dacascos, is claimed on ICA to be Takeshi's nephew, though the stated relationship is actually between the fictional characters played by the two men.
Despite his international fame with the show, he has not given up his love for musicals. In 1987 he starred in the popular Japanese production of Les Misérables as Jean Valjean and Javert. He reprised his role as Valjean in 1995 as the representative of Japan during the encore of the 10th Anniversary Concert of Les Misérables at the Royal Albert Hall in London. During the encore, Valjeans from 17 countries joined the cast on stage. He also starred in Macbeth in 2000, and in Jekyll & Hyde as well as in The Threepenny Opera in 2001. In 2009, he starred in a Japanese-language version of La Cage aux Folles .
He has also lent his voice to Japanese anime. Notably, he voiced Jirarudan, an antagonist, in 1999's Pokémon the Movie: Revelation Lugia, the second Pokémon movie, and also sung his theme song, "Ware Wa Collector." He also notably voiced Dr. Kiriko in 2005's Black Jack: The Two Doctors of Darkness.
After Iron Chef ended, he returned to acting in movies and dramas. He also hosted Time Shock 21, a quiz show on Asahi Television in Japan. In 2005, Kaga performed as the lead in the Japanese production of Michael Frayn's Democracy and starred in the blockbuster film Sengoku Jieitai 1549. Kaga also appeared in both installments of the highly successful Death Note film series as Soichiro Yagami. |
Takeshi Kaga | Filmography | Filmography |
Takeshi Kaga | Television | Television
Year Title Role Notes 1978 Ōgon no Hibi Dom Justo Takayama Taiga drama 1983 Tokugawa Ieyasu Ishida Mitsunari Taiga drama 1990 Tobu ga Gotoku Ōkubo Toshimichi Lead role; Taiga drama 1993 Furikaereba Yatsu ga Iru Junichi Nakagawa 1994 Furuhata Ninzaburo Junichi Nakagawa Episode 8 2010 Kaibutsu-kun King Monster 2016 Pretty Proofreader Daisaku Hongō Special appearance 2017 Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit Hibitonan Season 3; substitute for Mikijirō Hira 2018 Segodon Shimazu Narioki Taiga drama |
Takeshi Kaga | Films | Films
Year Title Role Notes 1980 The Beast To Die Tetsuo Sanada 1988 Kimurake no Hitobito Hazime Kimura Lead role 2005 Black Jack: Two Doctors in Black Dr. Kiriko (voice) 2006 Death Note Soichiro Yagami Death Note: The Last Name Soichiro Yagami 2019 Whistleblower Motonari Nashida 2025 Bullets, Bones and Blocked Noses: The Movie |
Takeshi Kaga | Japanese dub | Japanese dub
Year Title Role Notes 2023WishSabino |
Takeshi Kaga | References | References |
Takeshi Kaga | External links | External links
Official Website
Takeshi Kaga Biography from FineLiving.com
Daisuke & Yasuyoshi's Takeshi Kaga Unofficial Fan & Fun Page
The Official Time Shock 21 Website
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:Japanese male film actors
Category:Japanese male musical theatre actors
Category:Japanese male television actors
Category:Male actors from Kanazawa, Ishikawa
Category:Taiga drama lead actors
Category:20th-century Japanese male actors
Category:21st-century Japanese male actors |
Takeshi Kaga | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Filmography, Television, Films, Japanese dub, References, External links |
Phossy jaw | Short description | thumb|right|Match factory worker with phossy jaw
thumb
Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) without proper safeguards. It is also likely to occur as the result of use of chemical weapons that contain white phosphorus. It was most commonly seen in workers in the matchstick industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was caused by white phosphorus vapor, which destroys the bones of the jaw. Modern occupational hygiene practices have since eliminated the working conditions that caused this disease. |
Phossy jaw | Symptoms | Symptoms
Those with phossy jaw would usually begin suffering painful toothaches and swelling of the gums. The pain was characterized as "persistent yet progressive ... spreading to neighboring teeth and jawbone". Over time, pus formation developed penetrating the oral mucosa with the formation of fistula, tooth loss, and recurrent abscesses. Further progression led to the formation of sequestrum (dead bone that has separated from living bone) after three months and necrosis of the jaw within six months. The distinguishing feature of this disease was the eventual separation of the sequestrum which was described as porous and light in weight. The lower jaw was more commonly affected than the upper jaw. Affected bones glowed a greenish-white colour in the dark. The condition also affected the brain, provoking seizures in some chronic cases. |
Phossy jaw | Treatment | Treatment
Treatments included topical antimicrobials, conservative debridement of sequestra and surgery. Surgical removal of the afflicted jaw bones could save the patient; otherwise, death from organ failure would follow. The disease was extremely painful and disfiguring to the patient, with dying bone tissue rotting away accompanied by a foul-smelling discharge. Removal of the jaw bone also had serious effects on patients' ability to eat, leading to further health concerns including malnutrition. |
Phossy jaw | Diagnostic imaging | Diagnostic imaging
The clinical features appear first, pain in the teeth and jaw, abscesses, etc. as described above. Once the clinical changes occur and the problem is made known a doctor or dentist could see changes in the jaw bones through radiographs or X-rays. The sequestra, the parts of the bone that die and break off, are light in weight and yellow to brown in color. Thus phossy jaw can be clearly demarcated from similar entities by radiographs. In radiographs, the sequestra present a typical worm-eaten appearance similar to a pumice stone. Sequestra appear osteoporotic and decalcified. Separation of the dead bone from the surrounding bone appears clearly demarcated in the radiographs. |
Phossy jaw | History | History |
Phossy jaw | Discovery | Discovery
The first case of phossy jaw was diagnosed in 1839 by Friedrich Wilhelm Lorinser, a doctor in Vienna. The patient was a female Viennese matchstick maker who had been exposed to the phosphorus vapors over a five-year period. He named the disease "Phosphorimus chronicus". In 1844 Lorinser reported 22 cases of phossy jaw and established the toxic effects of white phosphorus in matchsticks. |
Phossy jaw | International and national legislation and public organisations | International and national legislation and public organisations |
Phossy jaw | Europe | Europe
In 1872, the Grand Duchy of Finland, part of the Russian Empire, was the first country to place an absolute ban on the manufacture, use and sale of white phosphorus in matches; this was followed by Denmark in 1874 and France in 1897. In Great Britain, a ban on white phosphorus matches became effective on 1 January 1910. The international association for labor legislation, an international conference, met at Berne, Switzerland, in 1906 and pledged to prohibit the manufacture, importation and sale of white phosphorus matches. This treaty was signed by Finland, Denmark, France, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany, in what is considered as the first international attempt to ban an industrial product. |
Phossy jaw | United States | United States
Phossy jaw was publicized by the American Association for Labor Legislation, whose secretary, John B. Andrews, began investigating the disease in 1909 and found more than 100 cases. This report was published in the Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor. The White Phosphorus Match Act of 1912, signed by President William Howard Taft on April 9, 1912, required manufacturers who used white phosphorus to register with district collectors of internal revenue and to file periodic notices and returns, levied a tax of two cents per hundred matches and required makers of white-phosphorus matches to affix revenue stamps to the matchboxes. |
Phossy jaw | Asia | Asia
Russia placed a heavy tax on white phosphorus matches in 1892 which was doubled in 1905. By 1906, the production of white phosphorus matches had been reduced to one match in every fifty. India and Japan banned the use of white phosphorus in 1919 after the United States, followed by China's ban on white phosphorus usage in match production in 1925. |
Phossy jaw | Match industry | Match industry
White phosphorus was the active ingredient of most matches from the 1840s to the 1910s. Concern over phossy jaw contributed to the London matchgirls strike of 1888, and although this strike did not end the use of white phosphorus, William Booth and The Salvation Army opened a match-making factory in 1891 that used the much safer, though more expensive, red phosphorus.Fact and fiction about Salvation Army history. salvationarmy.org.au The Salvation Army also campaigned with local retailers to get them to sell only red phosphorus matches.
However it was not until the use of white phosphorus was prohibited by the international Berne Convention in 1906 and its provisions were implemented in national laws over the next few years that industrial use ceased.Phossy jaw. Rootsweb.com. Retrieved on 2018-04-12. |
Phossy jaw | Mechanism of action of white phosphorus | Mechanism of action of white phosphorus
In phossy jaw patients, the forensic evidence suggested the conversion of yellow phosphorus to potent amino bisphosphonates by natural chemical reactions in the human body. Yellow phosphorus has a simple chemistry; when combined with H2O and molecules from respiration and some amino acids such as lysine, bisphosphonates result. |
Phossy jaw | Links to bisphosphonates | Links to bisphosphonates
A related condition, medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), has been described as a side-effect of amino-bisphosphonates, a class of phosphorus-based drugs that inhibit bone resorption and are used widely for treating osteoporosis, bone disease in cancer and some other conditions. BON, sometimes called "bis-phossy jaw", is primarily associated with the use of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of cancer. The percentage incidence of BON from this use is approximately 1000 times higher than the incidence of BON caused by the use of oral bisphosphonates. |
Phossy jaw | See also | See also
Industrial injury
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Radium jaw
Radium Girls |
Phossy jaw | References | References
Category:Phosphorus
Category:Occupational diseases
Category:Osteonecrosis |
Phossy jaw | Table of Content | Short description, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnostic imaging, History, Discovery, International and national legislation and public organisations, Europe, United States, Asia, Match industry, Mechanism of action of white phosphorus, Links to bisphosphonates, See also, References |
Super-hero | # | Redirect superhero |
Super-hero | Table of Content | # |
Super-heroes | # | Redirect superhero |
Super-heroes | Table of Content | # |
Super-villain | # | Redirect supervillain |
Super-villain | Table of Content | # |
Pope Adeodatus II | Short description | Pope Adeodatus II ( 621–17 June 676), sometimes called Deodatus, was the bishop of Rome from 672 to his death. He devoted much of his papacy to improving churches and fighting monothelitism. |
Pope Adeodatus II | Rise | Rise
Born in Rome in c. 621, Adeodatus was the son of a man named Jovinianus. He became a Benedictine monk of the Roman cloister of St Erasmus on the Caelian Hill. He became Pope on 11 April 672 in succession to Vitalian. His election was ratified by the exarch of Ravenna within weeks, as required during the period of Byzantine papacy. |
Pope Adeodatus II | Pontificate | Pontificate
Adeodatus II's pontificate is extremely obscure. It coincided with a surge of passionate interest in Pope Martin I and Maximus the Confessor, who were known for resisting the support of the Eastern Roman emperors for Monothelism. In light of this, Pope Adeodatus rejected the
synodical letters sent to him by Patriarch Constantine I of Constantinople. Because of this, his name was excluded from the diptychs in Constantinople. Adeodatus was active in improving monastic discipline and in the repression of Monothelitism and gave Venice the right to choose its doge. During his pontificate, the Basilica of St. Peter was built at the eighth milestone of the Via Portuensis. St. Erasmus was also reconstructed. Elected as Pope on 11 April 672, Adeodatus II did not get involved in political events and disengaged himself from the events at the time surrounding Monothelitism.
Pope Adeodatus II devoted his reign to the restoration of churches in disrepair. He protected the Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul (known as St. Augustine's Abbey), exempted Marmoutier Abbey, Tours (Abbey of St. Martin of Tours) from the authority of the Holy See, and led improvements to St. Erasmus' monastery. He is sometimes called saint and 26 June is given as his feast day, but this is disputed. Adeodatus II's papacy did not contribute by a large amount to society. He died on 17 June 676 and was succeeded by Donus. |
Pope Adeodatus II | Notes | Notes |
Pope Adeodatus II | References | References
Category:676 deaths
Category:Papal saints
Category:Italian popes
Category:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy
Category:7th-century archbishops
Category:7th-century Christian saints
Category:Benedictine popes
Category:Italian Benedictines
Category:Popes
Category:7th-century popes
Category:621 births
Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica |
Pope Adeodatus II | Table of Content | Short description, Rise, Pontificate, Notes, References |
Super-villains | # | Redirect supervillain |
Super-villains | Table of Content | # |
Pope Donus | Short description | Pope Donus (died on 11 April 678) was the bishop of Rome from 676 to his death. Few details survive about him or his achievements beyond what is recorded in the Liber Pontificalis. |
Pope Donus | Election | Election
Donus was the son of a Roman named Maurice. He became pope on 2 November 676, having been selected to succeed Adeodatus II. By that time, Donus was already elderly. |
Pope Donus | Pontificate | Pontificate
Donus expanded the clergy of Rome with twelve new priests and five deacons. He also consecrated six bishops for various sees.Duchesne, p. 348. One of these may have been Vitalianus of Arezzo. He had the atrium of Old St. Peter's Basilica paved with large blocks of white marble, and restored other churches of Rome, notably the church of St. Euphemia on the Appian Way and the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.Duchesne, Liber Pontificalis I, p. 348, who conjectures in note 2 that the church in question was not the Basilica, but instead a small church commemorating the parting of Peter and Paul on their way to execution. Mann, pp. 20-21. Donus was shocked to discover a colony of Nestorian monks in Boetianum, a Syrian monastery in Rome. He gave their monastery to Roman monks and dispersed them through the various religious houses of the city in the hope that they would accept Chalcedonian Christianity. The Nestorians were possibly refugees fleeing the Muslim conquest of the Levant.
During the pontificate of Donus, Archbishop Reparatus of Ravenna returned to the obedience of the Holy See, thus ending the schism created by Archbishop Maurus, who had aimed at making Ravenna autocephalous.Oestereich, Thomas. "Pope Donus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 12 September 2017] Donus' relations with Constantinople tended towards the conciliatory. On 10 August 678, Emperor Constantine IV addressed him as "the most holy and blessed archbishop of our ancient Rome and the universal pope," hoping to attract him to engage in negotiations with the patriarch of Constantinople and the Monothelites.Delogu, p. 61 note 14: Dono sanctissimo ac beatissimo archiepiscopo antiquae nostrae Romae et universali papae.... He ordered that Pope Vitalianus' name be put back in the diptychs of those bishops in communion with Constantinople, an act which caused him a great deal of trouble from the Monothelites and Patriarch Theodore I of Constantinople.Baronius (ed. Theiner), p. 600 (year 677, no. 2). The restoration was ordered by the VI Ecumenical Council.
Donus died on 11 April 678 and was buried the same day in Old St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Agatho.Duchesne, p. 348. |
Pope Donus | References | References |
Pope Donus | Sources | Sources
Doglu, Paolo. "Il papato tra l'impero bizantino e l'Occidente nel VII e VIII secolo," in:
Duchesne, Louis (ed.) (1886). Le Liber pontificalis; texte, introduction et commentaire par L. Duchesne Tome premier. Paris: E. Thorin. pp. 348–349.
Mann, Horace Kinder (1903). The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages. Volume I, Part II. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 20–22. |
Pope Donus | External links | External links
Gasparri, Stefano (2000). "Dono". Enciclopedia dei Papi Retrieved: 2016-11-27.
Pope Donus in Patron Saints Index
Category:678 deaths
Category:Popes
Category:Italian popes
Category:Popes of the Byzantine Papacy
Category:7th-century archbishops
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:7th-century popes
Category:610 births
Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica |
Pope Donus | Table of Content | Short description, Election, Pontificate, References, Sources, External links |
Oscar Buneman | About | Oscar Buneman (28 September 1913 – 24 January 1993) made advances in science, engineering, and mathematics. Buneman was a pioneer of computational plasma physics and plasma simulation. |
Oscar Buneman | Career | Career
In 1940 upon completion of his PhD with Douglas Hartree, Buneman joined Hartree's magnetron research group assisting the development of radar during World War II. They discovered the Buneman–Hartree criterion for the voltage threshold of a magnetron operation. After the war, Buneman developed theories and simulations of collision-less dissipation of currents called the Buneman instability. This is an example of anomalous resistivity or absorption. It is anomalous because the phenomenon does not depend on collisions. Buneman advanced elliptic equation solver methods and their associated applications (as well as for the fast Fourier transforms). |
Oscar Buneman | Personal life | Personal life
On 24 January 1993 Oscar Buneman at the age of 79 died near Stanford University. The computer scientist Peter Buneman is his son. |
Oscar Buneman | Publications | Publications
Buneman, O., "Time reversible difference procedures". Journal of Computers Physics. 1, 517 (1967).
Buneman, O., "A compact non-iterative poisson-solver". SUIPR report 294, Stanford University (1969).
Buneman, O., "Fast numerical procedures for computer experiments on relativistic plasmas, in "Relativistic Plasmas (The Coral Gables Conference)", Benjamin, NY, 1968.
Buneman, O., and et al., "Principles and capabilities of 3d EM particle simulations". Journal of Computational Physics. 38, 1 (1980). |
Oscar Buneman | References | References |
Oscar Buneman | External links and resources | External links and resources
Langdon, Bruce, "Remembrances of Oscar Buneman". ICNSP'98.
Oscar Buneman Papers
Rita Meyer-Spasche/Rolf Tomas Nossum: Persecution and Patronage: Oscar Buneman's years in Britain. In: Almagest, International Journal for the History of Scientific Ideas, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016
Category:1913 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:Plasma physicists
Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society |
Oscar Buneman | Table of Content | About, Career, Personal life, Publications, References, External links and resources |
Hate mail | Short description | 180px|thumb|The first page of the "Dear Boss" letter, dated 25 September 1888
Hate mail (as electronic, posted, or otherwise) is a form of harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments towards the recipient. Hate mail often contains exceptionally abusive, foul or otherwise hurtful language.
The recipient may receive disparaging remarks concerning their ethnicity, gender, religion, intelligence, political ideology, sense of ethics, or sense of aesthetics. The text of hate mail often contains profanity, or it may simply contain a negative message.
Senders of hate mail normally send anonymous letters or pose as someone else (either a different or fictitious individual) in order to avoid being identified and tracked down, as the nature of some hate mail would inevitably result in criminal charges if the sender was identified. |
Hate mail | Notable examples of hate mail | Notable examples of hate mail
thumb|Zodiac killer's letter sent to the San Francisco Chronicle on July 31, 1969
Hate mail has frequently been issued to footballers and managers by fans of rival football teams, and also by their own fans who are dissatisfied with the performance of an individual player, manager or the team. Neil Lennon, the former Celtic F.C. manager, received hate mail including a package containing a nail bomb from Rangers fans. Two men were jailed for five years in April 2012 for sending a nail bomb to Lennon.
The parents of 10-year-old Holly Wells, a Cambridgeshire girl who was murdered along with her friend Jessica Chapman in the highly-publicised Soham murders in August 2002, received several letters shortly after their daughter's body was found, accusing them both of being involved in the murder of the two girls. They also received several letters with content including that they "got what they deserved" for allowing their daughter to play out on the Sabbath. Other letters with sexual content referring to the possible circumstances of her death were also written.
The parents of Sarah Payne, who was murdered in West Sussex in July 2000, received an anonymous letter while she was still missing, accusing her father and grandfather of having murdered her. After Sarah's body was found, her parents also received letters berating them for allowing Sarah and her three siblings to play unsupervised on a beach. Her mother, Sara Payne, now a child protection campaigner, closed her Twitter social networking account in November 2014 following a long campaign of abuse by trolls, which included allegations that she had made a vast amount of money from her media work and was "glorying in a lavish lifestyle" as a result, suggestions that Roy Whiting (convicted of Sarah's murder) was innocent, threatening messages from Twitter users claiming to be paedophiles, and remarks about the death of her former husband Michael from an alcoholism related illness the previous month. |
Hate mail | See also | See also
Death threat
Flaming
Hate crime
Hate speech
Obscene phone call
Poison pen letter
Fan mail |
Hate mail | References | References |
Hate mail | External links | External links
The Forensic Linguistics Institute |
Hate mail | Scholarly articles | Scholarly articles
|
Hate mail | News articles | News articles
"Jewish activists opposing the Israeli government's policies face intimidation and harassment via email and on the internet." Guardian Unlimited, 19 January 2004
"Racist Hate Mail Found In Durham Mailboxes" WRAL-TV, 10 October 2006
Category:Letters (message)
Category:Hate crime
Category:Abuse |
Hate mail | Table of Content | Short description, Notable examples of hate mail, See also, References, External links, Scholarly articles, News articles |
Odysseus Laertiades | # | redirect Odysseus |
Odysseus Laertiades | Table of Content | # |
Penelope the Wise | # | redirect Penelope |
Penelope the Wise | Table of Content | # |
WFU | '''WFU''' | WFU can refer to
Wake Forest University, a private university in North Carolina
Water filtration unit, used for water purification
Westlife Fans United, a fan club for the vocal group Westlife
Wildland Fire Use, a wildland fire management term
Withdrawn from use, a military acronym, particularly in the United Kingdom
Women's Food and Farming Union, an organization in the United Kingdom
Woodfree uncoated paper
WuFeng University in Chiayi County, Taiwan |
WFU | Table of Content | '''WFU''' |
Ann Miller | short description | Ann Miller (born Johnnie Lucille Collier; April 12, 1923 – January 22, 2004) was an American actress and dancer. She is best remembered for her work in the classical Hollywood cinema musicals of the 1940s and 1950s. Her early film work included roles in Room Service with the Marx Brothers and Frank Capra's You Can't Take It with You, both released in 1938. She later starred in the musical classics Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949) and Kiss Me Kate (1953). Her final film role was in Mulholland Drive (2001).
In 1960, Miller received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2017, The Daily Telegraph named her one of the greatest actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.