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North Downs Way | See also | See also
Long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom
Hollingbourne Downs
South Downs Way |
North Downs Way | References | References |
North Downs Way | External links | External links
North Downs Way National Trail website
Photos of the North Downs Way on geograph.org.uk
Map of the North Downs way in two mile sections
Category:Footpaths in Surrey
Category:Footpaths in Kent
Category:Long-distance footpaths in England |
North Downs Way | Table of Content | Short description, History, Route, Geology, See also, References, External links |
Façade | Short description | thumb|Carlo Maderno's monumental façade of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City
thumb|The façade of the Panthéon in Paris illuminated at night on 27 May 2015 for the admittance of Germaine Tillion, Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, Pierre Brossolette and Jean Zay to the mausoleum.
A façade or facade (;dictionary.cambridge.org ) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French (), which means "frontage" or "face".
In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engineering perspective, the façade is also of great importance due to its impact on energy efficiency. For historical façades, many local zoning regulations or other laws greatly restrict or even forbid their alteration. |
Façade | Etymology | Etymology
The word is a loanword from the French , which in turn comes from the Italian , from meaning 'face', ultimately from post-classical Latin . The earliest usage recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is 1656. |
Façade | Façades added to earlier buildings | Façades added to earlier buildings
It was quite common in the Georgian period for existing houses in English towns to be given a fashionable new façade. For example, in the city of Bath, The Bunch of Grapes in Westgate Street appears to be a Georgian building, but the appearance is only skin deep and some of the interior rooms still have Jacobean plasterwork ceilings.Jean Manco. Bath's lost era, "Bath and the Great Rebuilding", Bath History vol. 4, (Bath 1992). First published in Bath City Life Summer 1992. Retrieved 22 June 2010
This new construction has happened also in other places: in Santiago de Compostela the three-metre-deep Casa do Cabido was built to match the architectural order of the square, and the main Churrigueresque façade of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, facing the Plaza del Obradoiro, is actually encasing and concealing the older Portico of Glory. |
Façade | High rise façades | High rise façades
In modern high-rise building, the exterior walls are often suspended from the concrete floor slabs. Examples include curtain walls and precast concrete walls. The façade can at times be required to have a fire-resistance rating, for instance, if two buildings are very close together, to lower the likelihood of fire spreading from one building to another.
In general, the façade systems that are suspended or attached to the precast concrete slabs will be made from aluminum (powder coated or anodized) or stainless steel. In recent years more lavish materials such as titanium have sometimes been used, but due to their cost and susceptibility to panel edge staining these have not been popular.
Whether rated or not, fire protection is always a design consideration. The melting point of aluminum, , is typically reached within minutes of the start of a fire. Fire stops for such building joints can be qualified, too. Putting fire sprinkler systems on each floor has a profoundly positive effect on the fire safety of buildings with curtain walls.
The extended use of new materials, like polymers, resulted in an increase of high-rise building façade fires over the past few years, since they are more flammable than traditional materials.
Some building codes also limit the percentage of window area in exterior walls. When the exterior wall is not rated, the perimeter slab edge becomes a junction where rated slabs are abutting an unrated wall. For rated walls, one may also choose rated windows and fire doors, to maintain that wall's rating. |
Façade | Film sets and theme parks | Film sets and theme parks
On a film set and within most themed attractions, many of the buildings are only façade, which are far cheaper than actual buildings, and not subject to building codes (within film sets). In film sets, they are simply held up with supports from behind, and sometimes have boxes for actors to step in and out of from the front if necessary for a scene. Within theme parks, they are usually decoration for the interior ride or attraction, which is based on a simple building design. |
Façade | Examples | Examples |
Façade | See also | See also
Curtain wall (architecture)
Double-skin façade
Façadism
Potemkin village |
Façade | References | References |
Façade | Citations | Citations |
Façade | Sources | Sources
Knaack, Ulrich; Klein, Tillmann; Bilow, Marcel; Auer, Thomas (2007). Façades: Principles of Construction. Boston/Basel/Berlin: Birkhäuser. (English) / (German)
Giving buildings an illusion of grandeur
Facades of Casas Chorizo in Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Façade | Further reading | Further reading
The article outlines the development of the façade in ecclesiastical architecture from the early Christian period to the Renaissance.
Category:Architectural elements
Category:Building engineering |
Façade | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology, Façades added to earlier buildings, High rise façades, Film sets and theme parks, Examples, See also, References, Citations, Sources, Further reading |
Thomas Crerar | Short description | Thomas Alexander Crerar (17 June 1876 – 11 April 1975) was a western Canadian politician and a leader of the short-lived Progressive Party of Canada. He was born in Molesworth, Ontario, and moved to Manitoba at a young age. |
Thomas Crerar | Early career | Early career
Crerar rose to prominence as leader of the Manitoba Grain Growers' Association in the 1910s. Although he had no experience as an elected official, he was appointed as Minister of Agriculture in Robert Laird Borden's Union government on October 12, 1917, to provide a show of national unity during the First World War. He was easily elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Marquette in the election of 1917.
On June 6, 1919, Crerar resigned from his position in protest against the high tariff policies of the Conservative-dominated government. He was strongly in favor of free trade with the United States, which would have benefited the western farmers. |
Thomas Crerar | Progressive Party of Canada | Progressive Party of Canada
In 1920, he was selected as leader of the Progressive Party. In the 1921 election, he led the party to a landslide victory in western Canada, giving them 65 seats in the House of Commons. Crerar failed to hold the party together, however. He resigned as leader in 1922, and the party collapsed shortly thereafter. |
Thomas Crerar | Private sector work | Private sector work
Crerar spent some time in the private sector before returning to politics in 1929, as a member of William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party. Although once again not holding a seat in parliament, he was appointed Minister of Railways and Canals (Canada) on December 30, 1929, and won a by-election in Brandon on February 5, 1930. King's government was defeated in the general election that followed, however, and Crerar was personally defeated in his riding. |
Thomas Crerar | Return to politics | Return to politics
thumb|left|Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King inspecting No. 110 (City of Toronto) Squadron, R.C.A.F. The aircraft in the background is Westland 'Lysander' II 417. [L-R]: Hon. T.A. Crerar, Air Marshal G.M. Croil, Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King, W/C W.D. Van Vliet, Hon. Norman Rogers, 13 January 1940.
He returned to parliament in the 1935 election, as the member for the northern Manitoba riding of Churchill. He was once again appointed to King's cabinet, serving as Minister of Immigration and Colonization, Minister of Mines, Minister of the Interior and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs from October 23, 1935, to November 30, 1936. On December 1, 1936, he was removed from most of his responsibilities and became simply Minister of Mines and Resources, holding the position until April 17, 1945.
Crerar was appointed to the Senate of Canada on April 18, 1945, and remained a Senator until his retirement on May 31, 1966. In 1962, Crerar considered it an "error" to give voting rights to Inuit and advocated revoking this right for Inuit in the eastern Arctic to vote. In 1973, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. He died in 1975. |
Thomas Crerar | Electoral history | Electoral history |
Thomas Crerar | References | References |
Thomas Crerar | External links | External links
Category:1876 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:Canadian senators from Manitoba
Category:Companions of the Order of Canada
Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Category:Liberal Party of Canada senators
Category:Liberal-Unionist MPs in Canada
Category:Ministers of railways and canals of Canada
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Category:Progressive Party of Canada MPs
Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Category:Ministers of the interior of Canada
Category:Canadian people of World War II
Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
Category:20th-century members of the Senate of Canada |
Thomas Crerar | Table of Content | Short description, Early career, Progressive Party of Canada, Private sector work, Return to politics, Electoral history, References, External links |
Borden | wiktionary | Borden may refer to: |
Borden | Places | Places |
Borden | Australia | Australia
Borden, Western Australia |
Borden | Canada | Canada
Borden, Saskatchewan
Borden, Ontario, a Canadian Forces base located in Ontario
Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island, formerly the town of Borden
Borden Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada
Borden Island, Nunavut, Canada
Canadian Forces Base Borden (also known as "CFB Borden" and "16 Wing Borden"), a Canadian Forces base located in Ontario |
Borden | United Kingdom | United Kingdom
Borden, Kent, England
Bordon, Hampshire, England
Bordon Camp, British Army training camp and training area
Borden, West Sussex, England |
Borden | United States | United States
Borden, California
Borden, Indiana
Borden, Texas
Borden County, Texas
Borden Lake, a lake in Minnesota
Borden Shaft, Maryland
Borden Ranch AVA, California wine region |
Borden | People | People
Borden (surname)
Borden Chase (1900–1971), American writer
Borden Smith (born 1943), Canadian professional hockey player |
Borden | Other uses | Other uses
Borden (company), a defunct American dairy company that was the forerunner of Borden, Inc.
Borden Milk Products, a privately held dairy company |
Borden | Table of Content | wiktionary, Places, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, People, Other uses |
List of radio stations in Ontario | Short description |
The following is a list of radio stations in the Canadian province of Ontario, .
Note that stations are listed by their legal community of license, which in some cases may not be the city where studios and/or transmitter are. (For instance, some stations which target Toronto, such as CFNY-FM and CIDC-FM, are officially licensed to outlying communities in the Greater Toronto Area rather than the city itself.) |
List of radio stations in Ontario | List of radio stations | List of radio stations
Call sign Frequency City of licence Owner FormatCJKX-FM 95.9 FM Ajax Durham Radio countryCKON-FM 97.3 FM Akwesasne Akwesasne Communication Society First Nations community radioCJNK-FM 100.1 FM Algonquin Park Weatheradio Canada weather alertsCJNK-FM-1 101.3 FM Algonquin Park East Weatheradio Canada weather alertsCJNK-FM-2 101.3 FM Algonquin Park West Weatheradio Canada weather alertsCFOA-FM 102.7 FM Algonquin Park Friends of Algonquin Park tourist/park informationCIMA-FM 92.1 FM Alliston Local Radio Lab Inc. adult contemporaryCKBG-FM 107.9 FM Amherstburg Amherstburg Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCFSH-FM 92.9 FM Apsley Apsley Community Chapel Christian radioCBQT-FM-2 91.3 FM Armstrong CBC Radio One public news/talkCFMP-FM 107.7 FM Arnprior My Broadcasting Corporation oldiesCKTE-FM 89.9 FM Aroland Aroland Community Radio First Nations community radioCBQI-FM 90.1 FM Atikokan CBC Radio One public news/talkCKAX-FM 91.1 FM Atikokan Town of Atikokan tourist informationCKPR-FM-2 93.5 FM Atikokan Dougall Media adult contemporaryCFOB-FM-1 95.9 FM Atikokan Northwoods Broadcasting classic hitsCKMT-FM 89.9 FM Attawapiskat Wawatay First Nations community radioCBCA-FM 101.5 FM Attawapiskat CBC Radio One public news/talkCJBA-FM 107.1 FM Attawapiskat community radioCHPD-FM 105.9 FM Aylmer Aylmer and area Inter-Mennonite Community Council Mennonite community radio (German)CHMS-FM 97.7 FM Bancroft Vista Broadcast Group classic hits/acCBLA-FM-5 99.3 FM Bancroft CBC Radio One public news/talkCKJJ-FM-4 103.5 FM Bancroft United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCHAY-FM 93.1 FM Barrie Corus Entertainment hot adult contemporaryCFJB-FM 95.7 FM Barrie Rock 95 Broadcasting active rockCKEY-FM 98.5 FM Barrie Douglas George Edwards tourist informationCJLF-FM 100.3 FM Barrie Trust Communications Christian radioCIQB-FM 101.1 FM Barrie Corus Entertainment classic rockCFRH-FM-1 106.7 FM Barrie Radio Huronie community radio (French)CKMB-FM 107.5 FM Barrie Rock 95 Broadcasting hot adult contemporaryCHBY-FM 106.5 FM Barry's Bay Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCBLE 1240 AM Beardmore CBC Radio One public news/talkCFNO-FM-3 107.1 FM Beardmore Dougall Media adult contemporaryCFBL-FM 90.1 FM Bearskin Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-1 91.9 FM Bearskin Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCJBQ 800 AM Belleville Quinte Broadcasting full service/varietyCBO-FM-1 90.3 FM Belleville CBC Radio One public news/talk CJLX-FM 91.3 FM Belleville Loyalist College campus radioCJBC-1-FM 94.3 FM Belleville Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJOJ-FM 95.5 FM Belleville Starboard Communications classic hitsCIGL-FM 97.1 FM Belleville Quinte Broadcasting hot adult contemporaryCHCQ-FM 100.1 FM Belleville Starboard Communications countryCKJJ-FM 102.3 FM Belleville United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCIDE-FM-2 91.9 FM Big Trout Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCFTL-FM 100.3 FM Big Trout Lake Ayamowin Communications Society First Nations community radioCBON-FM-6 98.5 FM Blind River Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French) CIBU-FM-1 91.7 FM Bluewater Blackburn Radio active rockCJFB-FM 102.7 FM Bolton Vista Broadcast Group classic hits/variety hitsCIIG-FM 98.3 FM Bracebridge/Gravenhurst Instant Information Services tourist information CFBG-FM 99.5 FM Bracebridge Vista Broadcast Group hot adult contemporaryCJMU-FM 102.3 FM Bracebridge/Gravenhurst Bayshore Broadcasting countryCHLO 530 AM Brampton Evanov Communications multilingualCIRF 1350 AM Brampton Radio Humsafar multilingualCFNY-FM 102.1 FM Brampton Corus Entertainment modern rockCKPC-FM 92.1 FM Brantford Evanov Communications adult contemporaryCFWC-FM 93.9 FM Brantford Evanov Communications countryCIYM-FM 100.9 FM Brighton My Broadcasting Corporation oldiesCBEZ-FM 107.7 FM Britt CBC Radio One public news/talkCBOB-FM 91.9 FM Brockville CBC Radio One public news/talkCKJJ-FM-2 99.9 FM Brockville United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCBOF-FM-7 102.1 FM Brockville Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJPT-FM 103.7 FM Brockville Bell Media Radio adult hitsCFJR-FM 104.9 FM Brockville Bell Media Radio adult contemporaryCHEE-FM 89.9 FM Bruce Peninsula Vamplew Electronics tourist informationCBPS-FM 90.7 FM Bruce Peninsula CBC/Weatheradio Canada weather alertsCJXY-FM 107.9 FM Burlington Corus Entertainment active rock CHTG-FM 92.9 FM Caledonia Durham Radio classic hitsCJDV-FM 107.5 FM Cambridge Corus Entertainment active rockCKOL-FM 93.7 FM Campbellford Campbellford Area Radio Association community radioCJRO-FM 107.7 FM Carlsbad Springs Carlsbad Springs Community Association community radio (English and French)CJPS-FM 89.9 FM Cat Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-3 91.9 FM Cat Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCICW-FM 101.1 FM Centre Wellington Centre Wellington Community Radio community radioCBCU-FM 89.9 FM Chapleau CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-28 91.9 FM Chapleau Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CFJW-FM 93.7 FM Chapleau Allan Pellow emergency broadcast systemCHAP-FM 95.9 FM Chapleau Formation Plus community-owned rebroadcaster of CHYC-FM SudburyCJWA-FM-1 100.7 FM Chapleau Labbe Media adult contemporaryCFCO 630 AM Chatham Blackburn Radio countryCBEE-FM 88.1 FM Chatham CBC Radio One public news/talkCKGW-FM 89.3 FM Chatham United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCFCO-1-FM 92.9 FM Chatham Blackburn Radio countryCKSY-FM 94.3 FM Chatham Blackburn Radio hot adult contemporaryCKUE-FM 95.1 FM Chatham Blackburn Radio classic hitsCKUN-FM 101.3 FM Christian Island Chimnissing Communications First Nations community radioCHRC-FM 92.5 FM Clarence-Rockland Evanov Communications countryCHJJ-FM 90.7 FM Cobourg United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCKSG-FM 93.3 FM Cobourg My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCFMX-FM 103.1 FM Cobourg ZoomerMedia classicalCHUC-FM 107.9 FM Cobourg My Broadcasting Corporation classic rockCHPB-FM 98.1 FM Cochrane Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCFCJ-FM 102.1 FM Cochrane Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCFDY-FM 104.7 FM Cochrane Cochrane Polar Bear Radio Club community radioCKCB-FM 95.1 FM Collingwood Corus Entertainment adult contemporaryCFMO-FM 102.9 FM Collingwood ZoomerMedia pop standardsCKID-FM 89.9 FM Constance Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCHRI-FM-1 88.1 FM Cornwall Christian Hit Radio Inc. Christian radioCHOD-FM 92.1 FM Cornwall Radio communautaire Cornwall-Alexandria community radio (French)CBOC-FM 95.5 FM Cornwall CBC Radio One public news/talkCBOF-FM-6 98.1 FM Cornwall Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJSS-FM 101.9 FM Cornwall Corus Entertainment classic hitsCFLG-FM 104.5 FM Cornwall Corus Entertainment adult contemporaryCBLA-FM-1 90.5 FM Crystal Beach CBC Radio One public news/talkCBCD-FM-1 97.9 FM Deep River CBC Radio One public news/talkCKDL-FM 90.1 FM Deer Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-4 91.9 FM Deer Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCKDR-FM 92.7 FM Dryden Acadia Broadcasting adult contemporaryCBQH-FM 100.9 FM Dryden CBC Radio One public news/talkCKSB-6-FM 102.7 FM Dryden Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKQV-FM-1 104.3 FM Dryden Golden West Broadcasting classic hitsCBON-FM-11 97.9 FM Dubreuilville Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBOI-FM 95.5 FM Ear Falls CBC Radio One public news/talk CKDR-FM-4 97.5 FM Ear Falls Northwoods Broadcasting adult contemporaryCBCG-FM 89.7 FM Elk Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCBEC-FM 90.3 FM Elliot Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCKNR-FM 94.1 FM Elliot Lake Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCKNR-FM-1 98.7 FM Elliot Lake Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCBON-FM-5 101.7 FM Elliot Lake Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJTK-FM-3 102.5 FM Elliot Lake Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCJBB-FM 103.1 FM Englehart Northern Radio Corp. countryCJTK-FM-7 105.7 FM Englehart Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCHES-FM 91.7 FM Erin Erin Radio community radio CBON-FM-7 94.9 FM Espanola Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJJM-FM 99.3 FM Espanola Vista Broadcast Group adult hitsCKXM-FM 90.5 FM Exeter My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCBLF 1450 AM Foleyet CBC Radio One public news/talkCKFA-FM 90.1 FM Fort Albany Wawatay First Nations community radioCBCI-FM 102.3 FM Fort Albany CBC Radio One public news/talkCFLZ-FM 101.1 FM Fort Erie Byrnes Communications adult hitsCKSB-9-FM 89.1 FM Fort Frances Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBQQ-FM 90.5 FM Fort Frances CBC Radio One public news/talkCFOB-FM 93.1 FM Fort Frances Acadia Broadcasting hot adult contemporaryCBCF-FM 101.5 FM Fort Hope CBC Radio One public news/talkCKFS-FM 90.1 FM Fort Severn Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-5 91.9 FM Fort Severn Wawatay First Nations community radioCJGM-FM 99.9 FM Gananoque My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCFGI-FM 92.3 FM Georgina Island Georgina Island First Nations Communications First Nations community radioCKOU-FM 93.7 FM Georgina Torres Media countryCBLG-FM 89.1 FM Geraldton CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-22 93.7 FM Geraldton Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CHGS-FM 94.7 FM Geraldton Municipality of Greenstone emergency broadcast systemCFNO-FM-4 100.7 FM Geraldton Dougall Media adult contemporaryCIYN-FM-1 99.7 FM Goderich Lakeside Radio Broadcasting Corp. classic hitsCHWC-FM 104.9 FM Goderich Bayshore Broadcasting countryCBON-FM-21 104.9 FM Gogama Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKLK-FM 88.5 FM Grimsby/Beamsville Durham Radio classic hitsCBBS-FM 90.1 FM Greater Sudbury CBC Music public musicCBBX-FM 90.9 FM Greater Sudbury Ici Musique public music (French)CICS-FM 91.7 FM Greater Sudbury Bell Media Radio countryCJRQ-FM 92.7 FM Greater Sudbury Rogers Communications active rockCIGM-FM 93.5 FM Greater Sudbury Stingray Digital CHRCJTK-FM 95.5 FM Greater Sudbury Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCKLU-FM 96.7 FM Greater Sudbury Laurentian University campus radioCBON-FM 98.1 FM Greater Sudbury Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CHYC-FM 98.9 FM Greater Sudbury Le5 Communications hot adult contemporary (French)CBCS-FM 99.9 FM Greater Sudbury CBC Radio One public news/talkCKJC-FM 101.7 FM Greater Sudbury 1158556 Ontario Ltd. (Roger de Brabant) tourist informationCHNO-FM 103.9 FM Greater Sudbury Stingray Digital classic hitsCJMX-FM 105.3 FM Greater Sudbury Rogers Communications hot adult contemporaryCJOY 1460 AM Guelph Corus Entertainment oldiesCFRU-FM 93.3 FM Guelph University of Guelph campus radioCIMJ-FM 106.1 FM Guelph Corus Entertainment hot adult contemporaryCBLY-FM 92.3 FM Haliburton CBC Radio One public news/talkCFZN-FM 93.5 FM Haliburton Vista Broadcast Group adult hitsCKHA-FM 100.9 FM Haliburton Haliburton County Radio Association community radioCHAM 820 AM Hamilton Bell Media Radio comedyCKOC 1150 AM Hamilton Bell Media Radio Business news radioCFMU-FM 93.3 FM Hamilton McMaster University campus radioCHKX-FM 94.7 FM Hamilton Durham Radio countryCING-FM 95.3 FM Hamilton Corus Entertainment adult contemporaryCIOI-FM 101.5 FM Hamilton Mohawk College campus radioCKLH-FM 102.9 FM Hamilton Bell Media Radio adult hitsCFBW-FM 91.3 FM Hanover Bluewater Radio community radioCIMF-FM-1 88.9 FM Hawkesbury Bell Media Radio adult contemporary (French)CHPR-FM 102.1 FM Hawkesbury RNC Media adult contemporary (French)CKHK-FM 107.7 FM Hawkesbury Evanov Communications countryCBON-FM-26 90.3 FM Hearst Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CINN-FM 91.1 FM Hearst Radio de l'Épinette Noire community radio (French)CBCC-FM 91.9 FM Hearst CBC Radio One public news/talkCHKT-FM 94.5 FM Hearst Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCBQT-FM-1 92.3 FM Hornepayne CBC Radio One public news/talkCKHP-FM 104.3 FM Hornepayne Township of Hornepayne CFNO-FM-2 107.1 FM Hornepayne Dougall Media adult contemporaryCKDR-3-FM 97.5 FM Hudson Acadia Broadcasting adult contemporary CKAR-FM 88.7 FM Huntsville Hunter's Bay Radio Inc. community radio CBLU-FM 94.3 FM Huntsville CBC Radio One public news/talkCJLF-FM-3 98.9 FM Huntsville Trust Communications Christian radioCFBK-FM 105.5 FM Huntsville Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCBL-FM-1 106.9 FM Huntsville CBC Music public musicCBES 690 AM Ignace CBC Radio One public news/talkCKDR-FM-1 97.5 FM Ignace Northwoods Broadcasting adult contemporaryVF2561 96.9 FM Innisfil Douglas George Edwards tourist informationCFIF-FM 101.1 FM Iroquois Falls Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCJTK-FM-11 105.9 FM Iroquois Falls Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCFQK-FM 104.5 FM Kaministiquia Northwest Broadcasting hot adult contemporaryCJTK-FM-12 88.5 FM Kapuskasing Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCKGN-FM 89.7 FM Kapuskasing Radio communautaire KapNord community radio (French)CBON-FM-24 90.7 FM Kapuskasing Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKAP-FM 100.9 FM Kapuskasing Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCBOK-FM 105.1 FM Kapuskasing CBC Radio One public news/talkCFKP-FM 90.1 FM Kasabonika Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-6 91.9 FM Kasabonika Wawatay First Nations community radioCKAS-FM 90.1 FM Kashechewan Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-21 91.9 FM Keewaywin Wawatay First Nations community radioCKVV-FM 97.5 FM Kemptville Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCJRL-FM 89.5 FM Kenora Acadia Broadcasting adult contemporaryCKSB-7-FM 93.5 FM Kenora Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBQX-FM 98.7 FM Kenora CBC Radio One public news/talkCKQV-FM-2 104.5 FM Kenora Golden West Broadcasting classic hitsCKTI-FM 107.7 FM Kettle Point Points Eagle Radio First Nations community radioCIYN-FM 95.5 FM Kincardine Lakeside Radio Broadcasting Corp. classic hitsCHCR-FM 102.9 FM Killaloe Homegrown Community Radio community radioCFKL-FM 90.1 FM Kingfisher Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-7 91.9 FM Kingfisher Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCKVI-FM 91.9 FM Kingston Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute community RadioCBBK-FM 92.9 FM Kingston CBC Music public musicCKXC-FM 93.5 FM Kingston Rogers Communications countryCFMK-FM 96.3 FM Kingston Corus Entertainment classic hitsCFLY-FM 98.3 FM Kingston Bell Media Radio hot adult contemporaryCKLC-FM 98.9 FM Kingston Bell Media Radio countryCJBC-2-FM 99.5 FM Kingston Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKJJ-FM-3 100.5 FM Kingston United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCFRC-FM 101.9 FM Kingston Radio Queens University campus radioCKWS-FM 104.3 FM Kingston Corus Entertainment classic hitsCIKR-FM 105.7 FM Kingston Rogers Communications active rockCBCK-FM 107.5 FM Kingston CBC Radio One public news/talkCBCR-FM 90.3 FM Kirkland Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-1 93.7 FM Kirkland Lake Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJKL-FM 101.5 FM Kirkland Lake Connelly Communications adult contemporaryCKGL 570 AM Kitchener Rogers Communications news/talkCJIQ-FM 88.3 FM Kitchener Conestoga College campus radioCKBT-FM 91.5 FM Kitchener Corus Entertainment CHRCJTW-FM 93.7 FM Kitchener Sound of Faith Broadcasting Christian radioCHYM-FM 96.7 FM Kitchener Rogers Communications adult contemporaryCKZY-FM 89.9 FM Lac Seul Lac Seul Radio First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-8 91.9 FM Lac Seul Wawatay First Nations community radioCBEW-FM-1 91.9 FM Leamington CBC Radio One public news/talkCJSP-FM 92.7 FM Leamington Blackburn Radio countryCHYR-FM 96.7 FM Leamington Blackburn Radio adult contemporaryCBEF-1-FM 103.1 FM Leamington Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKLY-FM 91.9 FM Lindsay Bell Media Radio adult hitsCHLP-FM 100.1 FM Listowel Five Amigos Broadcasting countryCBCE-FM 97.5 FM Little Current CBC Radio One public news/talkCFRM-FM 100.7 FM Little Current Manitoulin Radio Communication community radioCJTK-FM-2 102.1 FM Little Current Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCHAW-FM 103.1 FM Little Current Manitoulin Radio Communication countryCFPL 980 AM London Corus Entertainment news/talkCIAL-FM 90.9 FM London Malayalam Community Radio Inc. multilingual (New - CRTC approved January 16, 2023) CJBX-FM 92.7 FM London Bell Media Radio countryCBCL-FM 93.5 FM London CBC Radio One public news/talkCHRW-FM 94.9 FM London University of Western Ontario campus radioCFPL-FM 95.9 FM London Corus Entertainment active rockCIQM-FM 97.5 FM London Bell Media Radio CHRCKLO-FM 98.1 FM London Blackburn Radio classic rockCJBC-4-FM 99.3 FM London Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CHJX-FM 99.9 FM London Sound of Faith Broadcasting Christian radioCBBL-FM 100.5 FM London CBC Music public musicCHST-FM 102.3 FM London Rogers Communications classic hitsCIXX-FM 106.9 FM London Fanshawe College campus radioCFNO-FM-5 107.1 FM Longlac Dougall Media adult contemporaryCKOL-FM-1 100.7 FM Madoc Campbellford Area Radio Association community radioCBEB-FM 89.7 FM Manitouwadge CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-23 96.9 FM Manitouwadge Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CFNO-FM 93.1 FM Marathon Dougall Media adult contemporaryCBON-FM-29 102.3 FM Marathon Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBLM-FM 107.5 FM Marathon CBC Radio One public news/talkCFMS-FM 105.9 FM Markham Bhupinder Bola (OBCI) English adult contemporary/Multilingual CBON-12 1090 AM Mattawa Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBLO 1240 AM Mattawa CBC Radio One public news/talkCJTK-FM-4 93.9 FM Mattawa Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCBOD-FM 89.3 FM Maynooth CBC Radio One public news/talkCKJJ-FM-5 94.7 FM Maynooth United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCHYF-FM 88.9 FM M'Chigeeng First Nation Anong Migwans Beam (GIMA Radio) First Nations community radioCJGB-FM 99.3 FM Meaford Evanov Communications adult contemporaryCICZ-FM 104.1 FM Midland Bell Media Radio adult hitsCJML-FM 101.3 FM Milton Local Radio Lab Inc. adult contemporaryCIDE-FM-11 91.9 FM Mishkeegogamang Wawatay First Nations community radioCBQN-FM 104.5 FM Mishkeegogamang CBC Radio One public news/talkCKNT 960 AM Mississauga Elliot Kerr news/talkCJMR 1320 AM Mississauga Prime Time Radio multilingualCINA 1650 AM Mississauga Neeti P. Ray (OBCI) multilingualCFRE-FM 91.9 FM Mississauga University of Toronto at Mississauga campus radioCJFI-FM 107.1 FM Moose Factory Moose River Broadcasting Association First Nations community radioCHMO 1450 AM Moosonee James Bay Broadcasting community radioVF2372 89.9 FM Moosonee Lac Seul Radio community radio LPFMCBEY-FM 99.9 FM Moosonee CBC Radio One public news/talkCIWN-FM 88.7 FM Mount Forest Saugeen Community Radio Inc. community radio CIDE-FM-9 91.9 FM Muskrat Dam Wawatay First Nations community radioCFMD-FM 105.1 FM Muskrat Dam Wawatay First Nations community radioCFNP-FM 90.1 FM Naicatchewenin Wawatay First Nations community radioCKTE-FM 89.9 FM Nakina Aroland Community Radio First Nations community radioCBLN-FM 98.1 FM Nakina CBC Radio One public news/talkCFNO-FM-7 107.1 FM Nakina Dougall Media adult contemporaryCKYM-FM 88.7 FM Napanee My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCFHL-FM 89.9 FM Neskantaga Wawatay First Nations community radioCKDX-FM 88.5 FM Newmarket Evanov Communications countryCHOP-FM 102.7 FM Newmarket Pickering College campus radioCHFN-FM 100.1 FM Neyaashiinigmiing Chippewas of Nawash First Nations community radioCJED-FM 105.1 FM Niagara Falls Byrnes Communications Hot Adult ContemporaryCHQI-FM 90.7 FM Niagara-on-the-Lake Jeannine Dancy tourist informationCKYW-FM 89.9 FM Nibinamik Wawatay First Nations community radioCBON-FM-19 97.3 FM Nipigon Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBQY-FM 98.9 FM Nipigon CBC Radio One public news/talkCFNO-FM-1 100.7 FM Nipigon Dougall Media adult contemporaryCKAT 600 AM North Bay Rogers Communications countryCFCH-FM 90.5 FM North Bay Vista Broadcast Group country CBON-FM-17 95.1 FM North Bay Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBCN-FM 96.1 FM North Bay CBC Radio One public news/talkCHUR-FM 100.5 FM North Bay Rogers Communications hot adult contemporaryCKFX-FM 101.9 FM North Bay Rogers Communications active rockCJTK-FM-1 103.5 FM North Bay Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCFXN-FM 106.3 FM North Bay Vista Broadcast Group adult hitsCKFC-FM 89.9 FM North Spirit Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-10 91.9 FM North Spirit Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCJYE 1250 AM Oakville Trafalgar Broadcasting Christian radioUnknown93.9 FMOakvilleMusicZone 93.9 FMcommunity radioCKFN-FM 89.9 FM Ogoki Post Wawatay First Nations community radioCKRZ-FM 100.3 FM Ohsweken Southern Onkwehonwe Nishinaabec First Nations community radioCKMO-FM 101.5 FM Orangeville Local Radio Lab Inc. adult contemporaryCIDC-FM 103.5 FM Orangeville Evanov Communications CHRCISO-FM 89.1 FM Orillia Bayshore Broadcasting adult contemporaryCBL-FM-3 90.7 FM Orillia CBC Music public musicCBCO-FM 91.5 FM Orillia CBC Radio One public news/talkCIOA-FM 98.5 FM Orillia Instant Information Services tourist informationCICX-FM 105.9 FM Orillia Bell Media Radio countryCKDO 1580 AM Oshawa Durham Radio oldiesCKGE-FM 94.9 FM Oshawa Durham Radio active rockCKDO-FM-1 107.7 FM Oshawa Durham Radio oldiesCFRA 580 AM Ottawa Bell Media Radio news/talkCFGO 1200 AM Ottawa Bell Media Radio sportsCILV-FM 88.5 FM Ottawa Stingray Digital modern rockCHUO-FM 89.1 FM Ottawa University of Ottawa campus radioCIHT-FM 89.9 FM Ottawa Stingray Digital CHRCBOF-FM 90.7 FM Ottawa Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBO-FM 91.5 FM Ottawa CBC Radio One public news/talkVF8013 92.3 FM Ottawa Fabrique de la Paroisse du Sacré-Coeur du diocèse d'Ottawa Christian radio (French)CJVN-FM 92.7 FM Ottawa Fiston Kalambay (OBCI) Christian radio (French)CKCU-FM 93.1 FM Ottawa Carleton University campus radioCKKL-FM 93.9 FM Ottawa Bell Media Radio countryCJFO-FM 94.5 FM Ottawa Radio de la communauté francophone d’Ottawa community radio (French)CFPO-FM 95.7 FM Ottawa First Peoples Radio Inc. First NationsCJLL-FM 97.9 FM Ottawa CHIN Radio/TV International multilingualCITM-FM 98.5 FM Ottawa Frank Torres (OBCI) adult contemporaryCHRI-FM 99.1 FM Ottawa Christian Hit Radio Inc. Christian radioCJOT-FM 99.7 FM Ottawa Corus Entertainment classic hitsCJMJ-FM 100.3 FM Ottawa Bell Media Radio adult contemporaryCIDG-FM 101.7 FM Ottawa Frank Torres (OBCI) Mainstream rockCBOX-FM 102.5 FM Ottawa Ici Musique public music (French)CBOQ-FM 103.3 FM Ottawa CBC Music public musicCISS-FM 105.3 FM Ottawa Rogers Communications hot adult contemporaryCHEZ-FM 106.1 FM Ottawa Rogers Communications classic rockCKQB-FM 106.9 FM Ottawa Corus Entertainment Top 40/CHRCKDJ-FM 107.9 FM Ottawa Algonquin College campus radioCFOS 560 AM Owen Sound Bayshore Broadcasting oldiesCJLF-FM-1 90.1 FM Owen Sound Trust Communications Christian radioCJOS-FM 92.3 FM Owen Sound Bell Media Radio adult hitsCKYC-FM 93.7 FM Owen Sound Bayshore Broadcasting countryCBCB-FM 98.7 FM Owen Sound CBC Radio One public news/talkCIXK-FM 106.5 FM Owen Sound Bayshore Broadcasting adult contemporaryCBLA-FM-2 89.1 FM Paris CBC Radio One public news/talkCJBC-FM-2 89.9 FM Paris Ici Musique public music (French)CBL-FM-2 90.7 FM Paris CBC Music public musicCBPO-FM 88.9 FM Parry Sound CBC/Weatheradio Canada weather alertsCBLR-FM 89.9 FM Parry Sound CBC Radio One public news/talkCKLP-FM 103.3 FM Parry Sound Vista Broadcast Group adult hitsCKWN-FM 89.9 FM Peawanuck Wawatay First Nations community radioCBCD-FM 92.5 FM Pembroke CBC Radio One public news/talkCHVR-FM 96.7 FM Pembroke Bell Media Radio countryCKQB-FM-1 99.9 FM Pembroke Corus Entertainment Top 40/CHRCHRI-FM-2 100.7 FM Pembroke Christian Hit Radio Inc. Christian radioCIMY-FM 104.9 FM Pembroke My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCFRH-FM 88.1 FM Penetanguishene Radio Huronie community radio (French)CBCM-FM 89.7 FM Penetanguishene CBC Radio One public news/talkCJBC-FM-3 96.5 FM Penetanguishene Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CHLK-FM 88.1 FM Perth My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporary/communityCJLF-FM-2 89.3 FM Peterborough Trust Communications Christian radioCJMB-FM 90.5 FM Peterborough My Broadcasting Corporation modern rock/sportsCFFF-FM 92.7 FM Peterborough Trent Radio Community RadioCJWV-FM 96.7 FM Peterborough My Broadcasting Corporation oldiesCBCP-FM 98.7 FM Peterborough CBC Radio One public news/talkCKPT-FM 99.7 FM Peterborough Bell Media Radio hot adult contemporaryCKRU-FM 100.5 FM Peterborough Corus Entertainment hot adult contemporaryCKWF-FM 101.5 FM Peterborough Corus Entertainment active rockCBBP-FM 103.9 FM Peterborough CBC Music public musicCKQM-FM 105.1 FM Peterborough Bell Media Radio countryCJBC-FM-5 106.3 FM Peterborough Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJTL-FM 96.5 FM Pickle Lake Native Evangelical Fellowship of Canada First Nations community radioCBQP-FM 105.1 FM Pickle Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCIPR-FM 97.3 FM Pigeon River Bridge Superior Info Radio tourist informationCIDE-FM-12 91.9 FM Pikangikum Wawatay First Nations community radioCBQU-FM 100.3 FM Pikangikum CBC Radio One public news/talkCJPP-FM 90.7 FM Point Pelee National Park Parks Canada tourist informationCFBY-FM 90.1 FM Poplar Hill Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-13 91.9 FM Poplar Hill Wawatay First Nations community radioCIYN-FM-2 90.9 FM Port Elgin Lakeside Radio Broadcasting Corp. classic hitsCFPS-FM 97.9 FM Port Elgin Bayshore Broadcasting active rockCFWN-FM 89.7 FM Port Hope Small Town Radio (STR) community radioCKPP-FM 107.9 FM Prescott Vista Broadcast Group hot adult contemporaryCJPE-FM 99.3 FM Prince Edward County Prince Edward County Radio Corporation community radioCJTN-FM 107.1 FM Quinte West Quinte Broadcasting classic rockCBEA-FM 90.5 FM Red Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCKDR-FM-5 97.1 FM Red Lake Northwoods Broadcasting adult contemporaryCHMY-FM 96.1 FM Renfrew My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCJHR-FM 98.7 FM Renfrew Valley Heritage Radio community radioCFIQ 640 AM Richmond Hill Corus Entertainment news/talk/sportsCBOF-FM-4 98.5 FM Rolphton Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKTB 610 AM St. Catharines Bell Media Radio news/talkCFAJ 1220 AM St. Catharines Radio Dhun classic hitsCFBN-FM 93.3 FM St. Catharines The St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation tourist informationCHTZ-FM 97.7 FM St. Catharines Bell Media Radio active rockCFBU-FM 103.7 FM St. Catharines Brock University campus radioCHRE-FM 105.7 FM St. Catharines Bell Media Radio adult contemporaryVF8016 90.1 FM St. Thomas Faith Baptist Church of St. Thomas Christian radio LPFMCKZM-FM 94.1 FM St. Thomas My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporary CFHK-FM 103.1 FM St. Thomas Corus Entertainment hot adult contemporaryCFEY-FM 90.1 FM Sachigo Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-14 91.9 FM Sachigo Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-15 91.9 FM Sandy Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCBQV-FM 101.1 FM Sandy Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCHOK 1070 AM Sarnia Blackburn Radio full service/varietyCBEG-FM 90.3 FM Sarnia CBC Radio One public news/talkCFGX-FM 99.9 FM Sarnia Blackburn Radio adult contemporaryCBEF-3-FM 101.5 FM Sarnia Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CHOK-1-FM 103.9 FM Sarnia Blackburn Radio full service/varietyCHKS-FM 106.3 FM Sarnia Blackburn Radio classic hitsCBON-FM-18 88.1 FM Sault Ste. Marie Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CBSM-FM 89.5 FM Sault Ste. Marie CBC Radio One public news/talkCFWJ-FM 92.9 FM Sault Ste. Marie Elliott Communications tourist informationCHAS-FM 100.5 FM Sault Ste. Marie Rogers Communications hot adult contemporaryCJQM-FM 104.3 FM Sault Ste. Marie Rogers Communications active rockCJTK-FM-8 106.5 FM Sault Ste. Marie Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCBQL-FM 104.9 FM Savant Lake CBC Radio One public news/talkCBLB-FM 90.9 FM Schreiber CBC Radio One public news/talkCHIX-FM 89.9 FM Seine River Wawatay First Nations community radioCBLA-FM-4 102.5 FM Shelburne CBC Radio One public news/talkCFDC-FM 104.9 FM Shelburne Bayshore Broadcasting countryCKED-FM 103.5 FM Shuniah Northwest Broadcasting hot adult contemporaryCHCD-FM 98.9 FM Simcoe My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCKNC-FM 99.7 FM Simcoe My Broadcasting Corporation oldiesCKWT-FM 89.9 FM Sioux Lookout Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM 91.9 FM Sioux Lookout Wawatay First Nations community radioCBLS-FM 95.3 FM Sioux Lookout CBC Radio One public news/talkCKDR-FM-2 97.1 FM Sioux Lookout Northwoods Broadcasting adult contemporaryCKQV-FM-3 104.1 FM Sioux Lookout Golden West Broadcasting classic hitsCKSX-FM 91.1 FM Sioux Narrows The Corporation of the Township of Sioux Narrows-Nestor Falls community radioCBQS-FM 95.7 FM Sioux Narrows CBC Radio One public news/talkCHBJ-FM 90.1 FM Slate Falls Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-16 91.9 FM Slate Falls Wawatay First Nations community radioCJET-FM 92.3 FM Smiths Falls Rogers Communications adult hitsCKBY-FM 101.1 FM Smiths Falls Rogers Communications countryCHDY-FM 88.5 FM Smooth Rock Falls Cochrane Polar Bear Radio Club community radioCKGN-FM-1 94.7 FM Smooth Rock Falls Radio communautaire KapNord community radio (French)CKFW-FM 99.1 FM Sorrell Lake William J. Smith tourist informationCHEI-FM 89.9 FM South Baymouth Vamplew Electronics tourist informationCJTK-FM-10 104.9 FM Spring Bay Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCJAI-FM 101.3 FM Stella Amherst Island Public Radio community radio CJCS-FM 107.1 FM Stratford Vista Broadcast Group oldiesCHGK-FM 107.7 FM Stratford Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCJMI-FM 105.7 FM Strathroy My Broadcasting Corporation adult contemporaryCHYQ-FM 97.1 FM Sturgeon Falls Le5 Communications hot adult contemporary (French)CFSF-FM 99.3 FM Sturgeon Falls Vista Broadcast Group adult contemporaryCJKX-FM-1 89.9 FM Sunderland Durham Radio countryCJTK-FM-9 98.3 FM Sundridge Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCJTI-FM 92.1 FM Temagami 1158556 Ontario Ltd. (Roger de Brabant) tourist informationCBCS-FM-1 106.1 FM Temagami CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-2 99.7 FM Temiskaming Shores Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJTK-FM-6 100.9 FM Temiskaming Shores Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCBCY-FM 102.3 FM Temiskaming Shores CBC Radio One public news/talkCJTT-FM 104.5 FM Temiskaming Shores Connelly Communications adult contemporaryCFSD-FM 105.1 FM Temiskaming Shores Seventh Day Adventist Church of Haileybury Christian radio(NEW - Airdate to be announced)CKBK-FM 104.3 FM Thamesville Lenape Community Radio Society First Nations community radioCBQT-FM 88.3 FM Thunder Bay CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-20 89.3 FM Thunder Bay Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKSI-FM 90.5 FM Thunder Bay Thunder Bay Information Radio tourist informationCKPR-FM 91.5 FM Thunder Bay Dougall Media adult contemporaryCJSD-FM 94.3 FM Thunder Bay Dougall Media active rockCJOA-FM 95.1 FM Thunder Bay St. Joseph's Care Group Christian radioCITB-FM 97.1 FM Thunder Bay Superior Info Radio tourist informationCJTL-FM-1 98.1 FM Thunder Bay Native Evangelical Fellowship of Canada First Nations community radioCJUK-FM 99.9 FM Thunder Bay Acadia Broadcasting adult contemporaryCBQ-FM 101.7 FM Thunder Bay CBC Music public musicCILU-FM 102.7 FM Thunder Bay Lakehead University campus radioCKTG-FM 105.3 FM Thunder Bay Acadia Broadcasting countryCBCL-FM-1 88.7 FM Tillsonburg CBC Radio One public news/talkCKOT-FM 101.3 FM Tillsonburg Rogers Communications adult contemporaryCJDL-FM 107.3 FM Tillsonburg Rogers Communications countryCJQQ-FM 92.1 FM Timmins Rogers Communications active rockCHMT-FM 93.1 FM Timmins Vista Broadcast Group countryCBCJ-FM 96.1 FM Timmins CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-25 97.1 FM Timmins Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKGB-FM 99.3 FM Timmins Rogers Communications hot adult contemporaryCHYK-FM 104.1 FM Timmins Le5 Communications hot adult contemporary (French)CJTK-FM-5 105.5 FM Timmins Harvest Ministries Sudbury Christian radioCJWT-FM 106.7 FM Timmins Wawatay First Nations community radioCFPS-FM-1 91.9 FM Tobermory Bayshore Broadcasting active rock CIBP-FM 104.3 FM Tobermory Bayshore Broadcasting tourist information CJCL 590 AM Toronto Rogers Communications sportsCFTR 680 AM Toronto Rogers Communications newsCFZM 740 AM Toronto ZoomerMedia pop standardsCJBC 860 AM Toronto Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CFRB 1010 AM Toronto Bell Media Radio news/talkCHUM 1050 AM Toronto Bell Media Radio sportsCJTM 1280 AM Toronto Toronto Metropolitan University campus radioCHKT 1430 AM Toronto Fairchild Radio multilingualCHIN 1540 AM Toronto CHIN Radio/TV International multilingualCHHA 1610 AM Toronto San Lorenzo Latin American Community Centre community radio (Spanish)CHTO 1690 AM Toronto Canadian Hellenic Toronto Radio multilingualCIND-FM 88.1 FM Toronto Rock 95 Broadcasting indie rockCIRV-FM 88.9 FM Toronto Frank Alvarez multilingualCIUT-FM 89.5 FM Toronto University of Toronto campus radioCJBC-FM 90.3 FM Toronto Ici Musique public music (French)CJRT-FM 91.1 FM Toronto CJRT-FM Inc. jazzCHIN-1-FM 91.9 FM Toronto CHIN Radio/TV International multilingualCKIS-FM 92.5 FM Toronto Rogers Communications CHRCFXJ-FM 93.5 FM Toronto Stingray Digital Rhythmic contemporaryCBL-FM 94.1 FM Toronto CBC Music public musicCJKX-FM-2 95.9 FM Toronto Durham Radio countryCFMZ-FM 96.3 FM Toronto ZoomerMedia classicalCKHC-FM 96.9 FM Toronto Humber College campus radioCHBM-FM 97.3 FM Toronto Stingray Digital classic hitsCHFI-FM 98.1 FM Toronto Rogers Communications adult contemporaryCKFG-FM 98.7 FM Toronto Intercity Broadcasting Network multilingualCBLA-FM 99.1 FM Toronto CBC Radio One public news/talkCKFM-FM 99.9 FM Toronto Bell Media Radio CHRCHIN-FM 100.7 FM Toronto CHIN Radio/TV International multilingualCJSA-FM 101.3 FM Toronto Diversity Media Group multilingualCJRK-FM 102.7 FM Toronto (Scarborough) 8041393 Canada Inc. multilingualCHUM-FM 104.5 FM Toronto Bell Media Radio hot adult contemporaryCHOQ-FM 105.1 FM Toronto Cooperative Radio-Toronto community radio (French)CKSC-FM 105.3 FM Toronto (Scarborough) International Harvesters for Christ Evangelistic Association Inc. Christian radio(NEW - Airdate to be announced)CHRY-FM 105.5 FM Toronto Canadian Centre for Civic Media and Arts Development Inc. urban alternativeCFPT-FM 106.5 FM Toronto First Peoples Radio Inc. First NationsCILQ-FM 107.1 FM Toronto Corus Entertainment classic rockCKYA-FM 89.5 FM Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory Tsi Tyónnheht Onkwawén First Nations community radio (Approved November 15, 2023; Airdate to be announced) CIUX-FM 105.5 FM Uxbridge Frank Torres (OBCI) classic hitsVEF315 88.7 FM Vankleek Hill Jean Sarrazin community radioCFU758 90.7 FM Vaughan Hodan Nalayeh Secondary School high school radioCKQV-FM 103.3 FM Vermilion Bay Golden West Broadcasting classic hitsCKXS-FM 99.1 FM Wallaceburg Five Amigos Broadcasting variety hitsCFRZ-FM 98.3 FM Walpole Island Walpole Island First Nation Radio First Nations community radioCHIO-FM 89.9 FM Wapekeka Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-17 91.9 FM Wapekeka Wawatay First Nations community radioCHGB-FM 97.7 FM Wasaga Beach Bayshore Broadcasting adult hitsCHRZ-FM 91.3 FM Wasauksing Wasauksing Communications Group First Nations community radioCKWR-FM 98.5 FM Waterloo Wired World Inc. community radioCKKW-FM 99.5 FM Waterloo Bell Media Radio adult hitsCKMS-FM 102.7 FM Waterloo Radio Waterloo community radioCFCA-FM 105.3 FM Waterloo Bell Media Radio Contemporary hit radioCIKZ-FM 106.7 FM Waterloo Rogers Communications countryCKWO-FM 101.3 FM Wauzhushk Onigum Nation/Kenora WONation Radio Inc First Nations community radioCBLJ-FM 88.3 FM Wawa CBC Radio One public news/talkCBON-FM-27 90.7 FM Wawa Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CJWA-FM 107.1 FM Wawa Labbe Media adult contemporaryCHWL-FM 90.1 FM Weagamow Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-18 91.9 FM Weagamow Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCKPN-FM 90.1 FM Webequie Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-20 91.9 FM Webequie Wawatay First Nations community radioCKYY-FM 89.1 FM Welland My Broadcasting Corporation countryCIXL-FM 91.7 FM Welland My Broadcasting Corporation classic rockCIWS-FM 102.9 FM Whitchurch–Stouffville WhiStle Community Radio community radioCBLW-FM 97.7 FM White River CBC Radio One public news/talkCFNO-FM-8 100.7 FM White River Dougall Media adult contemporaryCHWR-FM 89.9 FM Whitesand Whitesand Communication Group First Nations community radioCBCW-FM 98.5 FM Whitney CBC Radio One public news/talkCBL-FM-4 97.1 FM Wiarton CBC Music public music CHCR-FM-1 104.5 FM Wilno Homegrown Community Radio community radioCKWW 580 AM Windsor Bell Media Radio oldiesCKLW 800 AM Windsor Bell Media Radio news/talkCBEF 1550 AMWindsor Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CIMX-FM 88.7 FM Windsor Bell Media Radio countryCBE-FM 89.9 FM Windsor CBC Music public musicCJAH-FM 90.5 FM Windsor United Christian Broadcasters Canada Christian radioCIDR-FM 93.9 FM Windsor Bell Media Radio adult album alternativeCJWF-FM 95.9 FM Windsor Blackburn Radio countryCBEW-FM 97.5 FM Windsor CBC Radio One public news/talkCJAM-FM 99.1 FM Windsor University of Windsor campus radioCKUE-FM-1 100.7 FM Windsor Blackburn Radio classic hitsCINA-FM 102.3 FM Windsor Neeti P. Ray (OBCI) multilingualCJBC-FM-1 103.9 FM Windsor Ici Musique public music (French)CBEF-2-FM 105.5 FM Windsor Ici Radio-Canada Première public news/talk (French)CKNX 920 AM Wingham Blackburn Radio countryCIBU-FM 94.5 FM Wingham Blackburn Radio classic rockCBLA-FM-3 100.9 FM Wingham CBC Radio One public news/talkCKNX-FM 101.7 FM Wingham Blackburn Radio adult contemporaryCJFH-FM 94.3 FM Woodstock Sound of Faith Broadcasting Christian radioCKDK-FM 103.9 FM Woodstock Corus Entertainment countryCIHR-FM 104.7 FM Woodstock Byrnes Communications adult contemporaryCHPM-FM 90.1 FM Wunnummin Lake Wawatay First Nations community radioCIDE-FM-19 91.9 FM Wunnummin Lake Wawatay First Nations community radio |
List of radio stations in Ontario | See also | See also
Lists of radio stations in North and Central America
Media in Canada |
List of radio stations in Ontario | References | References |
List of radio stations in Ontario | External links | External links
History of Radio stations in the Province of Ontario - Canadian Communications Foundation
Ontario - Canadian Radio Directory - Radio Stations
Radio Station World - Ontario
*
Ontario
Radio stations |
List of radio stations in Ontario | Table of Content | Short description, List of radio stations, See also, References, External links |
Joseon (disambiguation) | wiktionary | Joseon was a Korean kingdom between 1392 and 1897.
The word is also spelled Josŏn, Chosŏn, Choseon, Chosun, Chōsen (romanization of Japanese pronunciation), or Cháoxiǎn (Chinese).
Depending on the context, the word may refer to parts of the Korean peninsula, the entire Korean peninsula, or certain historical Korean states:
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which still refers to itself (and Korea as a whole) as Joseon
Korea, because the entire peninsula is referred to as 'Joseon' by some groups of people, including North Koreans, some Chinese, and Japanese Koreans
Gojoseon, an ancient Korean kingdom that originally went by the name Joseon, which existed until 108 BCE
Korea under Japanese rule, which went by the name Chōsen. |
Joseon (disambiguation) | Usage in other terms | Usage in other terms
The Chosun Ilbo, a major South Korean newspaper
TV Chosun, a South Korean pay television network and broadcasting company under Chosun Ilbo
Choson Sinbo, a pro-North Korean Japanese newspaper
Chosun University, a South Korean university
Koreans in China, who are sometimes called "Joseonjok", "Chosŏnjok", or "Chaoxianzu"
The Anti-Korean slur "Chōsenjin" and its derivative "Josenjing" both reference Joseon |
Joseon (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Names of Korea |
Joseon (disambiguation) | Table of Content | wiktionary, Usage in other terms, See also |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | Short description | Lough Derg or Loch Derg ()Placenames Database of Ireland is a lake in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. It is near the border with Northern Ireland and lies about north of the border village of Pettigo. It is best known for St Patrick's Purgatory, a site of pilgrimage on Station Island in the lake. St. Patrick is said to have established the first Christian settlement here on Saint's Island. The pilgrimage was moved to Station Island in 1497.
The lake is about in size, but is quite shallow, making it dangerous during bad weather.National Regional Fisheries Board It has stocks of pike, perch and brown trout for angling. |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | Annual pilgrimage | Annual pilgrimage
thumb|left|Pilgrims at Lough Derg
The traditional three-day pilgrimage follows a one-thousand-year-old pattern. It begins on any day between 1 June and 13 August and lasts three days during which participants may only have one Lough Derg meal each day (black tea/coffee, dry toast, oat cakes, water). On arrival on the island, participants remove footwear and socks before commencing vocal prayers, walking around the island. A 24-hour night vigil then takes place on the first night. Generally, pilgrims depart on the morning of the third day having slept on their second night. They complete their pilgrimage fast at midnight the day of departure. The pilgrimage is suitable for persons over 15 years. Pilgrims must be able to walk and kneel unaided and be physically able to undertake the fast. |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | Islands | Islands
thumb|right|100px|Saint Patrick's Purgatory in a map of 1666
thumb|Map of the island in 1714
Including Station Island, there are about 30 islands and islets in Lough Derg, including:Ordnance Survey Ireland: Map Viewer
Allingham's Island
Ash Island
Boat Island
Bull's Island
Derg Beg Island
Derg More Island
Friar's Island
Goose Lodge
Gravelands Islands
Illan Philipboy
Inishgoosk
Kelly's Isles
Long Island
Saints Island (on which there is a graveyard and the buried ruins of a monastery)
Trough Island |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | Folklore | Folklore
According to folklore a man named Conan once threw a worm into the lake. The worm then grew into a large monster called Caoránach that devoured the local cattle. Once a majority of the cattle in Ulster died the locals blamed Conan who then enraged attacked the beast, killing it. Its blood dyed the rocks red and this is where the name Lough Derg comes from. |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | See also | See also
List of loughs in Ireland |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | References | References
Derg |
Lough Derg, County Donegal | Table of Content | Short description, Annual pilgrimage, Islands, Folklore, See also, References |
Sovereign Grace Baptists | # | Redirect Reformed Baptists#Sovereign Grace Baptists |
Sovereign Grace Baptists | Table of Content | # |
The Tale of the Eagle | Short description | thumb|The flag of Albania features an eagle.
The Tale of the Eagle is an Albanian folk tale that explains how Albania and Albanians received their indigenous name. |
The Tale of the Eagle | Tale | Tale
A youth was hunting in the mountains. An eagle flying above him alighted on top of a crag. The eagle was especially large and had a snake in its beak. After a while, the eagle flew away from the crag where it had its nest. The youth then climbed to the top of the crag where he saw, in the nest, an eaglet playing with the dead snake. However, the snake was not dead. Suddenly it stirred, revealed its fangs and was ready to pierce the eaglet with its deadly venom. The youth quickly took out his bow and arrow and killed the snake. Then he took the eaglet and started for his home. Suddenly the youth heard above him the loud whir of the great eagle's wings.
"Why do you kidnap my child?" cried the eagle.
"The child is mine because I saved it from the snake which you didn't kill," answered the youth.
"Give me back my child, and I will give you as a reward the sharpness of my eyes and the powerful strength of my wings. You will become invincible, and you will be called by my name!"
Thus the youth handed over the eaglet. After the eaglet grew, it would always fly above the head of the youth, now a grown man, who with his bow and arrows killed many wild beasts of the forest, and with his sword slew many enemies of the land. During all of these feats, the eagle faithfully watched over and guided him.
Amazed by the valiant hunter's deeds, the people of the land elected him king and called him Shqipëtar, which is to say Son of the Eagle (shqipe or shqiponjë is Albanian for eagle) and his kingdom became known as "Shqipëria" or Land of the Eagles.The two heads on the eagle represent the north and the south. |
The Tale of the Eagle | See also | See also
Albanian mythology
Totem |
The Tale of the Eagle | References | References
This article contains information from Frosina.org and it is used with permission.
Category:Albanian mythology |
The Tale of the Eagle | Table of Content | Short description, Tale, See also, References |
The Annex | Other uses | The Annex is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The traditional boundaries of the neighbourhood extend north to Dupont Street, south to Bloor Street, west to Bathurst Street and east to Avenue Road. The City of Toronto recognizes a broader neighbourhood definition that includes the adjacent Seaton Village and Yorkville areas.
Bordering the University of Toronto, the Annex has long been a student quarter, and it is also home to many fraternity houses and members of the university's faculty. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the neighbourhood has an average income of $66,742.67, significantly above the average income in the Toronto census metropolitan area.
The Annex is not known for its big population of immigrants – in 2011, Statistics Canada declared that there were about 4,665 immigrants (predominantly from the United Kingdom and the United States) living in the area. As of the 2021 census, the three census tracts that compose the Annex have a total population of 14,149 and an average population density of 9,685 people/km2. |
The Annex | Character | Character
thumb|left|upright|The area has many homes built in the late 19th century.
The Annex is mainly residential, and streets are lined with tall trees dwarfing the large Victorian and Edwardian houses, most of them built between 1880 and the early 1900s. The 1950s and 1960s saw the replacement of some houses with mid-rise (and a handful of high-rise) apartment buildings in the International style. These were surrounded with landscaped green spaces in an attempt to better fit into the neighbourhood. Due to a government freeze on development in 1975 for buildings higher than 45 feet, most of the original houses still exist.
There are now over 500 buildings in the Annex that are protected by the Toronto Historical Board, so developers have less chance of maximizing their ventures by tearing down old mansions and developing low rises and townhouse complexes. Some of architect Uno Prii's most expressive, sculptural apartment buildings are located in the Annex. Because of its proximity to the university, the Annex has a high rate of seasonal tenant turnover, and its residents range from university students to older long-time residents.
The stretch of Bloor Street between Avenue Road and Bathurst Street is a vibrant social and mixed-use area offering a wide range of services from moderate-priced dining to independent discount retailers, in buildings which often include residential space in upper floors.
Just west of the Annex proper, along Bloor Street (between Bathurst Street and Christie Street), there are street signs that post Koreatown due to the high percentage of Korean-owned businesses (although that neighbourhood is officially called Seaton Village), but many locals refer to the area as "West Annex" (even though the official West Annex area is bounded by Bloor, Bathurst, the CP Railway, and Spadina). During the 1950s and 1960s, an influx of Hungarian immigrants moved into the neighbourhood after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was suppressed, and some of the businesses and properties along Bloor may still be owned by Hungarian-Canadian families. |
The Annex | Annex style house | Annex style house
thumb|upright|The University of Toronto's Robert Brown House at 4 Bancroft Avenue.Robert Brown House (completed 1890) The building is an example of an 'Annex style house', an architectural style common throughout the Annex.
The Annex is home to many examples of a uniquely Torontonian style of house that was popular among the city's elite in the late nineteenth century. Examples of this style survive in the former upper class areas along Jarvis and Sherbourne Street, and also around the University of Toronto campus. Most of these buildings are found in the Annex, and the style is thus known by some as the 'Annex style house.'
The original conception is attributed to E. J. Lennox, the most prominent architect in late nineteenth century Toronto. His design for the residence of contractor Lewis Lukes at 37 Madison Avenue (completed in 1887) introduced a design that would be imitated and modified over the next two decades.Catherine Nasmith. "Madison Avenue, a Unique Toronto Street." Built Heritage News. Issue No. 111, February 4, 2008.
The Annex style house borrows elements from both the American Richardsonian Romanesque and the British Queen Anne Revival."A stylish home, and Toronto's own." Jane Gadd. The Globe and Mail. November 7, 2003. pg. G.4 Annex style houses typically feature large rounded Romanesque arches, along with Queen Anne style decorative items such as turrets. Attics are emphasized in the exterior architecture. The houses are most often made of brick, though some also incorporate Credit Valley sandstone.
Originally built for some of the city's wealthiest citizens, the houses are generally large. As the wealthy moved away from the neighbourhood, many of the houses were subdivided into apartments. |
The Annex | Seaton Village | Seaton Village
Seaton Village, or the 'West Annex' as it is sometimes incorrectly known, is west of Bathurst Street and includes the Koreatown shopping district at its southern border. While Seaton Village shares several characteristics with The Annex (notably its architecture and its popularity with University of Toronto students), it is generally quieter, more family-oriented, and has smaller, less expensive homes.
Vermont Square Park is near the centre of Seaton Village. The park has a playground, including a wading pool. St. Albans Boys and Girls club and the Bill Bolton hockey arena are also located in the park.
Clinton Street features a house almost totally covered with circular "woodcakes" cut from billiards cues.Bielski, Zosia. "Home on the strange: odd abodes celebrated" , National Post, August 12, 2006. Retrieved January 28, 2008. |
The Annex | History | History
thumb|right|The Brunswick House was located within the Annex on Bloor Street.
European settlement of this area began in the 1790s when surveyors laid out York Township. The area east of Brunswick Avenue became part of the village of Yorkville, while the region west of Brunswick was part of Seaton Village. In 1883, Yorkville agreed to annexation with the City of Toronto. In 1886, Simeon Janes, a developer, created a subdivision which he called the Toronto Annex. The Annex area became part of Toronto in 1887 and Seaton Village joined Toronto in 1888.
First residents of the area included Timothy Eaton, patriarch of the Eatons Department Store, and George Gooderham Sr. (1830–1905),Dean Beeby, “GOODERHAM, GEORGE,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 13, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 11, 2015. president of Gooderham & Worts Distillery. The Annex's first Golden Era lasted until the early 1900s, when the upper classes began to migrate northward above the Davenport escarpment to newer more fashionable suburbs in Forest Hill and Lawrence Park.
In the 1960s, the proposed Spadina Expressway would have divided the Annex in half. Annex area residents, along with other resident grassroots groups, successfully opposed its construction. |
The Annex | Notable people | Notable people
thumb|right|Timothy Eaton with his son, John. Many members of the Eaton family formerly lived in the Annex.
thumb|right|upright|12 Admiral Road, former home of Lester B. Pearson (from 1925 to 1928).
The northern Annex (north of Bloor Street) was home to many members of Toronto's Eaton family and members of the Baldwin, Ross, and Simpson families until the mid-twentieth century. Timothy Eaton had his residence at the corner of Lowther Avenue and Walmer Road, and the Baldwin family built three houses on the northern side of Lowther near Bedford Road. Beatrice Worsley, who received the first PhD in what would now be called computer science and was the first female computer scientist in Canada, lived on Lowther on land which is now part of Bedford Park. Frederick Banting, the co-discoverer of insulin and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, lived on the south east corner of Lowther and Bedford Road.
Admiral Road in the Annex is home to the writer Margaret Atwood, as well as John Ralston Saul and his wife, the former Governor General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson. Her ex-husband Stephen Clarkson lived on nearby Lowther Avenue, across from former MP Belinda Stronach. Former Prime Minister and Nobel Laureate Lester B. Pearson lived at 12 Admiral Road from 1925 to 1928. bpnichol lived at 59 Admiral with Lea Hindley-Smith, founder of Therafields, and her family, from 1966.
David Suzuki lived for years on Bernard Avenue, and Catherine O'Hara lived in the Annex for several years. Explorer Norman Elder owned 'The Norman Elder Museum' at 140 Bedford Road. The noted urban theorist and activist Jane Jacobs lived at 69 Albany Avenue from 1971 until her death in 2006.Globe and Mail, 2006-04-29, page M3 CBC writer, producer and actor Ken Finkleman and members of the rock band Sloan also reside in the neighbourhood.
Brunswick Avenue in particular has served as a home for many writers, including Matt Cohen, Austin Clarke, Morley Callaghan, Howard Engel, Marian Engel, and bpNichol. Katherine Govier, who wrote a collection of short stories entitled Fables of Brunswick Avenue (published in 1985), also lived on this street.
Seaton Village is the former home of Canadian poet and children's author Dennis Lee, Oscar-winning (for Chicago) sound engineer David Lee (no relation, now deceased), sociologist Barry Wellman, and Meghan Markle. It is the current home of novelist and playwright Ann-Marie MacDonald.
Major League Baseball All Star outfielder Goody Rosen also lived in the Annex. |
The Annex | Transportation | Transportation
The Annex is well served by public transit, including four Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway stations: Bathurst, Dupont, St. George, and Spadina. Spadina and St. George stations act as interchange stations, allowing passengers both north-west subway travel as well as east–west. Streetcar services run south from Bathurst and Spadina stations. Bus service operates on Avenue Road, Spadina Road, Dupont Street, Davenport Street, and northward on Bathurst Street. |
The Annex | References | References |
The Annex | External links | External links
The Annex on torontoneighbourhoods.net
The Annex Neighbourhood profile
The Annex history on Toronto.com
100 years of historic Annex photos
Category:Neighbourhoods in Toronto
Category:Student quarters
Category:University of Toronto |
The Annex | Table of Content | Other uses, Character, Annex style house, Seaton Village, History, Notable people, Transportation, References, External links |
Theria | Short description | Theria ( or ; ) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes. Theria includes the eutherians (including the placental mammals) and the metatherians (including the marsupials) but excludes the egg-laying monotremes and various extinct mammals evolving prior to the common ancestor of placentals and marsupials. |
Theria | Characteristics | Characteristics
Therians give birth to live young without a shelled egg. This is possible thanks to key proteins called syncytins which allow exchanges between the mother and its offspring through a placenta, even rudimental ones such as in marsupials. Genetic studies have suggested a viral origin of syncytins through the endogenization process.
The marsupials and the placentals evolved from a common therian ancestor that gave live birth by suppressing the mother's immune system. While the marsupials continued to give birth to an underdeveloped fetus after a short pregnancy, the ancestors of placentals gradually evolved a prolonged pregnancy.
The exit openings of the urogenital system and the rectal opening (anus) are separated.
The mammary glands lead to the teats.
Therians no longer have the coracoid bone, unlike their cousins, monotremes.
Pinnae (external ears) are also a distinctive trait that is a therian exclusivity, though some therians, such as the earless seals, have lost them secondarily.
The flexible and protruding nose in therians is not found in any other vertebrates, and is the product of modified cells involved in the development of the upper jaw in other tetrapods.
Almost all therians have whiskers.
The SRY gene is a protein in therians that helps initiate male sex determination. |
Theria | Evolution | Evolution
The earliest known therian mammal fossil is Juramaia, from China's Late Jurassic (Oxfordian stage). However, the age estimates of the site are disputed based on the geological complexity and the geographically widespread nature of the Tiaojishan Formations. Further, King and Beck in 2020 argue for an Early Cretaceous age for Juramaia sinensis, in line with similar early mammaliaformes.
A recent review of the Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic mammal fossil record has argued that tribosphenic mammals arose in the Southern Hemisphere during the Early Jurassic, around 50 million years prior to the clade's earliest undisputed appearance in the Northern Hemisphere.
Molecular data suggests that therians may have originated even earlier, during the Early Jurassic.Hugall, A.F. et al. (2007) Calibration choice, rate smoothing, and the pattern of tetrapod diversification according to the long nuclear gene RAG-1. Syst Biol. 56(4):543–63. Therian mammals began to diversify 10–20 million years before the dinosaur extinction. |
Theria | Taxonomy | Taxonomy
The rank of "Theria" may vary depending on the classification system used. The textbook classification system by Vaughan et al. (2000)Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Czaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy: Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp. gives the following:
Class Mammalia
Subclass Theria: live-bearing mammals
Infraclass Metatheria: marsupials
Infraclass Eutheria: placentals
In the above system, Theria is a subclass. Alternatively, in the system proposed by
McKenna and Bell (1997)McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. it is ranked as a supercohort under the subclass Theriiformes:
Class Mammalia
Subclass Theriiformes: live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
Infraclass Holotheria: modern live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
Legion Cladotheria
Sublegion Zatheria
Infralegion Tribosphenida
Supercohort Theria: therian mammals
Cohort Marsupialia: marsupials
Cohort Placentalia: placentals
Another classification proposed by Luo et al. (2002)Luo, Z.-X., Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and R. L. Cifelli. 2002. In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47:1–78. does not assign any rank to the taxonomic levels, but uses a purely cladistic system instead. |
Theria | See also | See also
Marsupionta
Monotremes
Patagomaia chainko |
Theria | References | References |
Theria | External links | External links
Category:Mammal taxonomy
Category:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
Category:Taxa described in 1897
Category:Taxa named by William Aitcheson Haswell |
Theria | Table of Content | Short description, Characteristics, Evolution, Taxonomy, See also, References, External links |
Branchiopod | # | redirect branchiopoda |
Branchiopod | Table of Content | # |
Maryanne Amacher | Short description | Maryanne Amacher (February 25, 1938Note, while most sources state Amacher's birth year as 1938, she had in later years used the birth year 1943. – October 22, 2009) was an American composer and installation artist.
She is known for working extensively with a family of psychoacoustic phenomena called auditory distortion products (also known as distortion product otoacoustic emissions and combination tones), in which the ears themselves produce audible sound. |
Maryanne Amacher | Biography | Biography
Amacher was born in Kane, Pennsylvania, to an American nurse and a Swiss freight train worker. An only child, she grew up playing the piano. Amacher left Kane to attend the University of Pennsylvania on a full scholarship where she received a B.F.A in 1964. While there she studied composition with George Rochberg and Karlheinz Stockhausen.
She also studied composition in Salzburg, Austria, and Dartington, England. Subsequently, she did graduate work in acoustics and computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
While in residence at the University of Buffalo, in 1967, she created City Links: Buffalo, a 28-hour piece using 5 microphones in different parts of the city, broadcast live by radio station WBFO. There were 21 other pieces in the "City Links" series, and more information can be found in the brochure for an exhibition on the series by Ludlow 38 in NYC (available on their website). A common feature was the use of dedicated, FM radio quality telephone (0–15,000 Hz range) lines to connect the sound environments of different sites into the same space, a very early example of what is now called "telematic performance" which preceded much more famous examples by Max Neuhaus, amongst others. (Neuhaus himself was involved with the original 1967 work in Buffalo.)
Her major pieces have almost exclusively been site-specific, often using many loudspeakers to create what she called "structure borne sound", differentiating it from "airborne sound". By using many diffuse sound sources (either not in the space or speakers facing at the walls or floors) she would create the psychoacoustic illusions of sound shapes or "presence". Amacher's early work is best represented in three series of multimedia installations produced in the United States, Europe, and Japan: the sonic telepresence series, "City Links 1–22" (1967– ); the architecturally staged "Music for Sound-Joined Rooms" (1980– ); and the "Mini-Sound Series" (1985– ) a new multimedia form she created that is unique in its use of architecture and serialized narrative.
She was invited while doing a fellowship at the Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John Cage to work on several projects. The collaboration resulted with a storm soundtrack for Cage's multimedia "Lecture on the Weather" (1975) and a work on sound environment "Close Up" for a 10-hour solo voice work for Cage "Empty Words" (1978). She also produced, alongside other works, "Torse" for Merce Cunningham from 1974 to 1980.
Amacher worked extensively with a set of psychoacoustic phenomena known as 'auditory distortion products';Gary Kendall, Christopher Haworth, and Rodrigo Cádiz, "Sound Synthesis with Auditory Distortion Products", Computer Music Journal 38 no. 4 (2014 Winter): 5–23 . put simply: sounds generated inside the ear that are clearly audible to the hearer. These tones have a long history in music theory and scientific research, and are still the object of disagreement and debate. In music, they are most commonly known by the name of 'combination tones', 'difference tones', and sometimes 'Tartini tones' (after the violinist Giuseppe Tartini, who is credited with discovering them). Amacher herself termed them 'ear tones' until 1992, when she discovered the work of David T. Kemp and Thomas Gold and began referring to them by the psychoacoustical terminology of 'otoacoustic emissions'. It has since become clear that some of the sounds Amacher, and indeed all musicians who have exploited this phenomenon, were generating can be attributed to a particular family of otoacoustic emissions known as 'distortion product otoacoustic emissions' (DPOAE).Christopher Haworth, "Composing with Absent Sound", in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2011, University of Huddersfield, UK, 31 July – 5 August 2011, edited by Monty Adkins and Ben Isaacs, 342–45 (San Francisco: International Computer Music Association; Huddersfield: Centre for Research in New Music, University of Huddersfield, 2011). . Occurring in response to two pure tones presented simultaneously to the ear, these tones appear to localise in or around the head, as though there were a 'tiny loudspeaker inside the ear'. Amacher was the first to systematically explore the musical use of these phenomena using electroacoustic sound technologies. The subtitle of her first Tzadik Records album Sound Characters (Making the Third Ear) is a reference to them. She describes the subjective experience of these phenomena in the following passage:
Over the years she received several major commissions in the United States and Europe with occasional work in Asia and Central and South America. Amacher received a 1998 Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award. In 2005, she was awarded the Prix Ars Electronica (the Golden Nica) in the "Digital Musics" category for her project "TEO! A sonic sculpture". In 2009 she was invited for Brückenmusik, Cologne. At the time of her death she had been working three years on a 40-channel piece commissioned by the Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center in Troy, New York.
Maryanne Amacher has been an important influence for composers such as Rhys Chatham and Thurston Moore. For the last decade of her life she taught at the Bard College MFA program.
In 2020, The Music and Recorded Sound Division of The New York Public Library acquired Amacher's archives. |
Maryanne Amacher | Discography and exhibits | Discography and exhibits
Multimedia Installations (all works in progress)
1967–: City Links nos 1-22
1980–: Music for Sound-Joined Rooms
1985–: Mini-Sound Series
Dance Scores (all choreography Merce Cunningham)
1974: Everything in Air, tape
1975: Events 101,102, tape
1975: Labyrinth Gives Way to Skin, tape
1976: Remainder, tape
Works for Tape (unless otherwise noted)
1975: Presence
1976: Music for Sweet Bird of Youth
1976: Lecture on the Weather (collaboration with John Cage)
1979: Empty Words / Close Up (collaboration with John Cage)
1991: Petra, two pianos
Events:
2016: Labyrinth Gives Way to Skin: Maryanne Amacher Listening Session
2016: Naut Humon & Edwin van der Heide: Plaything - Maryanne Amacher (Performance and Lecture at CynetArt) |
Maryanne Amacher | Further reading | Further reading
Andrew Kesin, "Day Trip Maryanne" (a documentary film of performance collaborations between Amacher and Thurston Moore)
Handelman, Eliot. "Interview with Maryanne Amacher. Ears as Instruments: Minds Making Shapes." "From approx. 1991" (archive from 2012 August 25, accessed 2015 June 12).
Golden, Barbara. "Conversation with Maryanne Amacher." eContact! 12.2 — Interviews (2) (April 2010). Montréal: CEC.
Paul Kaiser "The Encircling Self In Memory of Maryanne Amacher"
Frank J. Oteri, "Maryanne Amacher in Conversation with Frank J. Oteri" |
Maryanne Amacher | References | References |
Maryanne Amacher | External links | External links
The Maryanne Amacher Archive (primary sources and to support the preservation of her work)
Category:1938 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:20th-century American classical composers
Category:21st-century American classical composers
Category:American experimental musicians
Category:American women classical composers
Category:Pupils of Karlheinz Stockhausen
Category:Tzadik Records artists
Category:American women in electronic music
Category:20th-century American women artists
Category:Classical musicians from New York (state)
Category:University at Buffalo faculty
Category:20th-century American women composers
Category:21st-century American women composers
Category:20th-century American women academics
Category:Burials at Montrepose Cemetery |
Maryanne Amacher | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Discography and exhibits, Further reading, References, External links |
Emil Wolf | Short description | Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922 – June 2, 2018) was a Czech-born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering and inverse scattering. He was also the author of numerous other contributions to optics. |
Emil Wolf | Life and career | Life and career
Wolf was born into a Jewish family in Prague, Czechoslovakia.Oral History Project: Interview with Emil Wolf He was forced to leave his native country when the Germans invaded. After brief periods in Italy and France (where he worked for the Czech government in exile), he moved to the United Kingdom in 1940. He received his B.Sc. in Mathematics and Physics (1945), and Ph.D. in Mathematics from Bristol University, England, in 1948. Between 1951 and 1954 he worked at the University of Edinburgh with Max Born, writing the famous textbook Principles of Optics now usually known simply as Born and Wolf. He joined the Faculty of the University of Manchester, where he did some of his best-known work, establishing the foundations of optical coherence theory. He moved to the United States in 1959 to take a position at the University of Rochester. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen and was the Wilson Professor of Optical Physics at the University of Rochester. He was president of the Optical Society of America in 1978. Until his death Wolf resided in Cloverwood in Pittsford, New York, with his wife.
Wolf predicted a new mechanism that produces redshift and blueshift, that is not due to moving sources (Doppler effect), that has subsequently been confirmed experimentally (called the Wolf effect). Technically, he found that two non-Lambertian sources that emit beamed energy, can interact in a way that causes a shift in the spectral lines. It is analogous to a pair of tuning forks with similar frequencies (pitches), connected together mechanically with a sounding board; there is a strong coupling that results in the resonant frequencies getting "dragged down" in pitch. The Wolf effect can produce either redshifts or blueshifts, depending on the observer's point of view, but is redshifted when the observer is head-on. A subsequent 1999 article by Sisir Roy et al. have suggested that the Wolf effect may explain discordant redshift in certain quasars.
Wolf remained an active teacher, researcher and author well into his 80s. He died on June 2, 2018, aged 95. |
Emil Wolf | Works | Works
Wolf was a very well known book author in the field of optics. Along with Max Born, he co-wrote Principles of Optics one of the standard textbooks of optics commonly known as "Born and Wolf". In addition he co-authored, with Leonard Mandel, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. He also authored Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light and Selected Works of Emil Wolf with Commentary (World Scientific Publishing, 2001, ). Furthermore, he edited the Progress in Optics series of books, for Elsevier, from its inception in 1962. |
Emil Wolf | Awards, memberships and degrees | Awards, memberships and degrees |
Emil Wolf | Awards | Awards
Frederic Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America (1977)
Albert A. Michelson Medal of the Franklin Institute (1980)
Max Born Award of the Optical Society of America (1987)
Marconi Medal of the Italian National Research Council (1987)
Gold Medal of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science (1991)
Medal of the Union of Czechoslovak Mathematicians and Physicists (1991)
Gold Medal of Palacký University of Olomouc, Czechoslovakia (1991)
Esther Hoffman Beller Medal (2002)
G. G. Stokes Award of SPIE (2010) |
Emil Wolf | Memberships | Memberships
Honorary member of the Optical Society of America (President in 1978)
Honorary member of the Optical Societies of India and Australia |
Emil Wolf | Honorary degrees | Honorary degrees
University of Groningen, the Netherlands (1989)
University of Edinburgh (1990)
Palacký University of Olomouc (1992)
University of Bristol (1997)
Université Laval, Quebec (1997)
University of Franche-Comté, France (1999)
Aalborg University, Denmark (1999). |
Emil Wolf | See also | See also
Past presidents of the Optical Society of America
Progress in Optics |
Emil Wolf | References | References |
Emil Wolf | External links | External links
Emil Wolf. Home Page at University of Rochester.
Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (English) Sample chapters.
Articles Published by early OSA Presidents Journal of the Optical Society of America
Gregory J. Gbur (2018) RIP Emil Wolf, 1922-2018)
Category:1922 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:American physicists
Category:Optical physicists
Category:Fellows of Optica (society)
Category:Czechoslovak emigrants to the United Kingdom
Category:Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Category:Czech Jews
Category:Scientists from Prague
Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol
Category:University of Rochester faculty
Category:Presidents of Optica (society)
Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States
Category:Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism |
Emil Wolf | Table of Content | Short description, Life and career, Works, Awards, memberships and degrees, Awards, Memberships, Honorary degrees, See also, References, External links |
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli | Short description | thumb|Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli at the piano (1960)|291x291px
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (; 5 January 1920 – 12 June 1995) was an Italian classical pianist. He is considered one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century. According to The New York Times, he was perhaps the most reclusive, enigmatic and obsessive among the handful of the world's legendary pianists. |
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli | Early life and studies | Early life and studies
Benedetti Michelangeli was born near Brescia, in Italy. His date of birth is usually given as 5 January 1920. He himself once said that he was born 'during the first hour of the morning of 6 January 1920'. His father, who was a count and a lawyer by profession, was also a musician and a composer and began teaching music to Benedetti Michelangeli before he was four years old. Benedetti Michelangeli learned to play the violin at the age of three and would later study the instrument at the Venturi Institute in Brescia before switching to piano under Dr. Paolo Chimeri, who accepted him into his class following an audition. He also studied organ and composition. When he was nine, he began having private lessons with Giovanni Anfossi in Milan.
At ten years old, Benedetti Michelangeli began his formal music education at the Milan Conservatory, where he graduated with honours at the age of 14. Although Benedetti Michelangeli's parents were passionate about music, they did not want Arturo to become a pianist. In view of his family's attitude Benedetti Michelangeli studied medicine for several years although he never set music aside and continued to play regularly. |
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli | Professional career | Professional career
thumb|299x299px|Michelangeli (1969)
In May 1938, at the age of eighteen, Michelangeli began his international career by entering the Ysaÿe International Festival in Brussels, Belgium, where he finished seventh. A brief account of the competition, at which Emil Gilels took first prize and Moura Lympany second, is given by Arthur Rubinstein, who was one of the judges. According to Rubinstein, Benedetti Michelangeli gave "an unsatisfactory performance, but already showed his impeccable technique." A year later he won the first prize in the Geneva International Music Competition, where he was acclaimed as "a new Liszt" by pianist Alfred Cortot, a member of the judging panel, which was presided over by Ignacy Jan Paderewski. Upon winning the competition, Benito Mussolini gave Michelangeli a teaching position at the Martini Conservatory in Bologna, Italy.
The outbreak of World War II interrupted Michelangeli's career just as it had begun. Despite future Queen of Italy Maria José Savoia's efforts to exonerate him from the army, Michelangeli was drafted. He joined the Italian airforce, and as soon as the war was over, returned to music. After a long break, his first appearance was in Warsaw during the 5th Chopin Festival, where he dropped out of the competition in protest as Vladimir Ashkenazy, who he believed should have won, finished second to Adam Harasiewicz by a small margin. In 1948 Michelangeli toured the United States for the first time, making his orchestral debut at Carnegie Hall in November, performing Schumann's Piano Concerto in A minor Op. 54 with the New York Philharmonic and Dimitri Mitropoulos. In January 1949 he made his solo debut at Carnegie Hall. Following his spell at Conservatorio in Bologna, Michelangeli's teaching activity continued in Venice, Berlin, Geneva and Budapest. His concept of training students to become professional piano concertists was unorthodox but successful, and he taught for several years in Bozen, and from 1952 to 1964 in Arezzo (with a break caused by ill health between 1953 and 1955). The courses eventually resulted in the foundation of the Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli International Piano Academy, which was to be organized by the city and provincial authorities in Arezzo, in cooperation with the 'Amici della Musica' Society. Unfortunately, the project did not come to fruition. He ran further courses in Moncalieri, Siena, and Lugano, and from 1967 he gave private tuitions at a Rabbi in his Alpine villa in the province of Trento.
In 1988, Michelangeli suffered a ruptured abdominal aneurysm during a concert in Bordeaux. After more than seven hours of surgery, he overcame this health issue. A few months later, on 7 June 1989, he played Mozart concertos Nos. 20 and 25 with the Symphony Orchestra of Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) conducted by Cord Garben. In 1990, he again recorded two Mozart concertos, KV. 415 and KV. 503 in Bremen. Michelangeli's last public performance was held in Hamburg on 7 May 1993.
As a composer, Benedetti Michelangeli arranged 19 Italian folk songs a cappella for the Coro della Società Alpinisti Tridentini and a men's chorus from Trento (Italy). A recording of these pieces are available on the DIVOX music label.
Benedetti Michelangeli's students included Maurizio Pollini, Martha Argerich, Ivan Moravec, Paul Stewart, Aldo Antognazzi, Vladimir Krpan, Lucia Passaglia and Carlo Dominici.
Sergiu Celibidache considered Benedetti Michelangeli a fellow conductor, and not merely a pianist: "Michelangeli makes colors; he is a conductor." Celibidache also described Michelangeli as one of the "greatest living artists".
Teacher and commentator David Dubal argued that Benedetti Michelangeli was at his best when he performed the earlier works of Beethoven but seemed insecure with Chopin. He added that Benedetti Michelangeli was "demonic" in works such as the Bach-Busoni Chaconne and Brahms's Paganini Variations.
Benedetti Michelangeli's highlights include the (authorized) live performances in London of Ravel's Gaspard de la nuit, Chopin's Mazurkas and Sonata No. 2, Schumann's Carnaval, Op. 9 and Faschingsschwank aus Wien, Op. 26 as well as various recordings of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5, Liszt's Piano Concerto No. 1 and Totentanz, Ravel's Piano Concerto in G major, and the piano concertos of Robert Schumann, and Edvard Grieg. |
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli | Personal life | Personal life
On 20 September 1943 Benedetti Michelangeli married pianist Giulia Linda Guidetti, who was a pupil of his father. They lived in Bornato, near Brescia, Bolzano and Arezzo. They separated in 1970. In the 1970s Michelangeli lived in Switzerland and refused to live or perform in his native Italy for over a decade.
Following his divorce, his secretary, and later his agent and partner, Marie-José Gros-Dubois organized concerts and dates for him, and also presided over his financial affairs.
In an interview, Gros-Dubois recalled that Benedetti Michelangeli could not believe his musical career was so financially successful. After a concert, she reported that he gloomily said: "You see, so much applause, so much public. Then, in half an hour, you feel alone more than before."
Benedetti Michelangeli was a connoisseur of the piano mechanics and insisted for his concert instruments to be in perfect condition. His last concert took place on 7 May 1993 in Hamburg, Germany. After a long illness he died on 12 June 1995 in Lugano, Switzerland. He is buried in nearby Pura. |
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