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Betrayal at Krondor | Main characters | Main characters
Seigneur Locklear
(Chapters 1, 5, 7) Locklear is the youngest son of the Baron of Land's End, a Seigneur in Prince Arutha's court, and a skilled swordsman decorated for his service at Armengar and Sethanon during the Great Uprising (A Darkness at Sethanon). Locklear recently entered the service of a Kingdom garrison in Yabon to investigate reports of moredhel activity, where he rescued Gorath of the Ardanien from an assassin.
Squire Owyn Beleforte
(Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9) Owyn is a nineteen-year-old magician and the youngest son of the Count of Tiburn. Uninterested in politics, Owyn instead idolizes the magician Pug. A resourceful and crafty boy, Owyn used part of his father's wealth to travel and study magic in secret. His father eventually discovered what he was doing and, due to the political embarrassment Owyn causes him, has given him a great deal of freedom, hoping that he will eventually settle down and become suitable for a political marriage. Owyn was traveling home from visiting his aunt in Yabon when he met Locklear and Gorath. Not eager to return to the boredom of life at home, Owyn hitches his fate to theirs.
Gorath of the Ardanien
(Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9) A hero of the Riftwar, Gorath was chieftain of Clan Ardanien and Delekhan's chief rival to the throne of Sar-Sargoth. Gorath believes Delekhan's plan to invade the Kingdom to be madness and betrays the moredhel to warn Prince Arutha, as it the only way to save his people from another disastrous war. There is also another reason for his exile: he has broken from the Dark Path and is "Returning" to the eledhel in Elvandar, assuming he is not killed by his brethren first.
Seigneur James
(Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7) Once known as Jimmy the Hand, James is a legend among the Mockers and the son of the Upright Man, though he is unaware of his parentage. After foiling a Nighthawk attempt to assassinate Prince Arutha (Silverthorn), James was forced to give up his life as a thief and became a squire in Arutha's court, where he became best friends with Locklear. James eventually rose to the rank of Seigneur, becoming one of Arutha's most trusted and loyal servants but still wanders the Thieves' Highway, often on business for the Crown.
Patrus
(Chapters 5, 7) Patrus is the court magician and magical adviser to Baron Gabot in Northwarden and one of Owyn's early magical tutors. Despite his old age, he is a spry and capable magician, whose knowledge of the Union spell allows him to temporarily read moredhel.
Duke Pug conDoin
(Chapters 8, 9) As an orphan growing up in Crydee, Pug was apprenticed to Kulgan the magician but showed little magical ability until he was captured by the Tsurani during the Riftwar (Magician: Apprentice). Seeing potential in the boy, Tsurani Great Ones trained him in the magic of the Greater Path, previously nonexistent in Midkemia. When he returned, Pug helped the sorcerer Macros the Black end the Riftwar and was adopted into the royal family and given land to start his academy of magic at Stardock (Magician: Master). Pug is considered the most powerful magician in Midkemia, having inherited much of Macros' power in addition to his Tsurani training. He is married to Katala, whom he met in Kelewan, and has two children: a biological son William and an adopted daughter Gamina, who has telepathic powers. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Allies | Allies
Prince Arutha conDoin
Prince Arutha of Krondor is ruler of the Western Realm, younger brother of King Lyam, and half-brother of Duke Martin of Crydee. Arutha proved himself one of the Kingdom's best field commanders defending Crydee during the Riftwar and became prince after the unexpected deaths of King Rodric, Prince Erland, and his father Duke Borric. He is a well-loved and capable ruler, albeit a reluctant one.
Cullich
Gorath's estranged wife Cullich is a moredhel witch who helped him escape from the Northlands. Cullich thinks Gorath's willingness to surrender his position as clan leader is a sign of weakness but she doesn't trust Delekhan and will help Gorath if she can.
Baron Gabot
Baron Gabot is commander of Northwarden, which guards one of the four passes between the Kingdom and the Northlands. Previously Huntmaster of Carse, Gabot was old acquaintances with Duke Martin, who recommended him to the position after Baron Rossol died. Like Martin's father Duke Borric, Gabot saw the benefit of having a magician in his service and appointed Patrus his magical adviser.
Liallan
As a powerful moredhel clan leader and Delekhan's consort, Liallan openly supports him though she believes his plan is doomed to fail. She has her eye on the throne of Sar-Sargoth for herself and secretly aids many of Delekhan's enemies, including engineering Gorath's escape from the Northlands. Should Delekhan and his son Moraeulf die during their invasion, it would leave her in a prime position to take over the leadership of the moredhel.
Duke Martin conDoin
Once known as Martin Longbow, Duke Martin of Crydee is the elder half-brother of King Lyam and Prince Arutha. The illegitimate son of Duke Borric, he was raised and trained by the elves in Elvandar before becoming Huntmaster and later Duke upon the death of his father. One of the best archers in Midkemia, Martin dislikes court life and often roams the forests with his longbow in hand.
The Oracle of Aal
The Aal are among the oldest races in the universe and one of the few to survive the Chaos Wars between the Valheru and the gods. The Oracle, the last of its dying race, agreed to help Pug and Tomas during the Great Rising in exchange for salvation. After the battle of Sethanon, Pug brought the Oracle to Sethanon and placed it in the body of the dragon Ryath, whose mind was drained by a Dreadlord (A Darkness at Sethanon). The Oracle of Aal now watches over the Lifestone and will send warning to Pug and a secret garrison near Sethanon if it is disturbed.
Squire Phillip
Though he appears to be a young noble about Owyn's age, Phillip is actually thirty-seven, a captain in the Kingdom Army, and a courier for the secret garrison near Sethanon. Owyn met him at a party in Yabon prior to the start of the game and meets him again throughout his travels.
Tomas
Prince Consort to Queen Aglaranna and Warleader of Elvandar, Tomas grew up in Crydee with his best friend Pug. During the Riftwar, Tomas discovered the dying dragon Rhuagh, who gave him an ancient suit of armor (Magician: Apprentice). The armor transformed Tomas into a blend of human and Valheru and gave him the memories and abilities of Ashen-Shugar, the Valheru to whom it once belonged. After marrying Aglaranna, Tomas considers Elvandar under his protection and only leaves in the most extreme of circumstances. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Villains | Villains
Delekhan
Delekhan is the leader of the Moredhel Nations of the North. One of the Murmandamus' field generals during the Great Rising (A Darkness at Sethanon), Delekhan believes Murmandamus still lives, imprisoned by Prince Arutha at Sethanon. He has unified his people with the help of magicians known only as "the Six" (later revealed to be Tsurani Great Ones) in order to invade the Kingdom of the Isles, free Murmandamus, and finish what was started a decade before.
Makala
Makala is a Great One, a magician from the Tsurani homeworld of Kelewan, who is visiting Prince Arutha's court ostensibly as a representative of the Emperor of Tsuranuanni. Believing that Pug hid a weapon of tremendous power which could be used against the Tsurani, Makala set out to investigate what really happened at the battle of Sethanon. He manipulates Delekhan and the moredhel, using their attack as a diversion so that he can enter Sethanon unhindered.
Narab and Nago
The brothers Narab and Nago are magicians who serve Delekhan. Nago has infiltrated the Kingdom and coordinates moredhel spies from a secret location near Sarth. Narab has fallen out of favor with Delekhan, and seeking to regain his position in Delekhan's inner circle, captures Owyn and Gorath for him. However, Delekhan is displeased with what he has done so Narab turns on his former master and helps Owyn and Gorath escape. He then plans on becoming leader of the moredhel himself.
Navon du Sandau
To most he is simply a charismatic young merchant, but Navon is actually Neville Corvalis, the half-brother of Owyn's cousin Ugyne. When Ugyne's father Count Corvalis found out that Neville was his wife's illegitimate son, he arranged to have Neville killed in a wine cellar collapse. Though he was believed dead, Neville's body was never found. He was found by Nighthawks who had regrouped in Cavall after their destruction in Krondor by Prince Arutha (A Darkness at Sethanon). Using a Corvalis family heirloom, a magical spyglass, Neville convinced them he had magical powers and became their leader. He then set about exacting revenge on Count Corvalis, burning down the keep so the caverns underneath could be used as a Nighthawk hideout and courting Ugyne so he could take over her family's fortune. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Locations | Locations |
Betrayal at Krondor | Midkemia | Midkemia
Cavall Keep
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) Cavall Keep is a small eastern farming town in the Kenting Hills ruled by Owyn's uncle, Count Geoffrey Corvalis. The keep burned down mysteriously three years ago, preventing access to the caverns underneath, which run south to the waterfall known as Cavall Run.
Elvandar
(Accessible in Chapter 6) The forest city of Elvandar, home of the eledhel (the light elves), lies far to the northwest of the duchy of Yabon and is ruled by Queen Aglaranna and Prince Consort Tomas. Though isolated and well-protected, the Tsurani attacked Elvandar during the Riftwar and there are still skirmishes with the moredhel on its northern borders.
Highcastle
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3) The frontier fort town of Highcastle guards Cutter's Gap, one of the four passes between the Kingdom and the Northlands. Overrun by the moredhel during the Great Rising (A Darkness at Sethanon), Prince Arutha had the fortifications reinforced in recent years. Highcastle is currently commanded by Baron Baldwin de la Troville and, in his absence, Baron Kevin of Zun.
Krondor
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) Capital of the Western Realm of the Kingdom of the Isles, Krondor is the traditional home of the heir apparent to the throne. It is currently ruled by Prince Arutha and Princess Anita, though the sewers under the city are a maze of tunnels known as the Thieves' Highway and controlled by the Mockers, the thieves' guild of Krondor, and their mysterious leader, the Upright Man.
LaMut
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) The city of LaMut is located in the duchy of Yabon, near the reopened rift to Kelewan. It is ruled by the Earl Kasumi and home to a large Tsurani population that settled there after the Riftwar.
left|thumb|200px|The in-game map of Midkemia
Malac's Cross
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) The city of Malac's Cross marks the eastern boundary of the Western Realm and is home to the Abbaye Ishap, an ancient temple currently run by the Abbot Graves. Outside of the city, where the old city once stood, is a statue of a dragon, built as a tribute to Malac, from which the Oracle of Aal can be contacted.
Northwarden
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5) The fortress of Northwarden lies on a narrow mountain path overlooking one of the four passes between the Kingdom and the Northlands. Northwarden is currently commanded by Baron Gabot.
Romney
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) Located on the river Rom, the eastern city of Romney is known as the City of Guilds. Although ruled by Duke Romney, control of the city lies with its various merchant guilds, leading to the occasional guild war.
Sarth
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) The town of Sarth is home to an ancient mountaintop fortress which was converted into an abbey and library by the Order of Ishap. The vaults have hundreds of thousands of books, containing a wealth of knowledge about the history and lore of Midkemia, tended to by Brother Anthony and Brother Marc. Beneath the vaults is an abandoned dwarven emerald mine known as the Mac Bourgalan Dok.
Sar-Isbandia (Armengar)
(Accessible in Chapter 4) The fortress city of Sar-Isbandia was built atop miles of naphtha tunnels long ago by the glamredhel (the mad elves) before they were obliterated by the moredhel (the dark elves). Located in the Vale of Isbandia north of the Inclindel Gap, humans from Yabon settled in the city hundreds of years ago, renamed it Armengar and became lifelong enemies of the moredhel. The Armengarians were among Murmandamus' first targets during the Great Rising so Prince Arutha and Guy du Bas-Tyra, the city's Protector, evacuated the city and attempted to destroy Murmandamus' army by incinerating the city (A Darkness at Sethanon). Recently, moredhel have moved into the ruins and started to rebuild.
Sar-Sargoth
(Accessible in Chapter 4) Twin city of Sar-Isbandia, the fortress city of Sar-Sargoth to the north was also built by the glamredhel and was taken by the moredhel as their capital. The tunnels beneath the city are home to Delekhan's dungeons while the outskirts are lined with pikes bearing the heads of his enemies.
Sethanon
(Surface ruins accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6, underground ruins only accessible in Chapter 9) Once a minor barony in the heart of the Kingdom, Sethanon was poorly defended and completely destroyed during the Great Rising (A Darkness at Sethanon). Coincidentally built above the ancient Valheru ruins containing the Lifestone, King Lyam and Prince Arutha ordered the city abandoned after the Battle of Sethanon, ostensibly as a memorial to those who had died there, and stationed a secret garrison nearby to protect it. Within the ruins beneath the city lies the Lifestone and its guardian, the dragon Ryath, whose mind contains the Oracle of Aal.
Silden
(Accessible in Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6) The eastern fishing town of Silden is a seaport on the Kingdom Sea. Located on a nearby island off the coast is the temple of Eortis, the dead god of the sea. Known for its shady underworld, someone known only as The Crawler has recently establish himself within the city, disrupting business for both the Mockers in Krondor and the guilds in Romney. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Timirianya | Timirianya
(Accessible in Chapter 8) The desolate world of Timirianya was destroyed by the Valheru and is currently inhabited by Panath-Tiandn, humanoid serpents akin to Pantathians. During the Chaos Wars, the gods of Timirianya crystallized magic into solid manna, causing the Valheru to leave when they thought the world's energy was depleted. In order to cast magic on Timirianya, one must use a crystal staff and keep it charged with raw manna.
The Temple of Karzeen Mauk
Located in the north, all that remains of the high temple of the gods of Timirianya are nine pillars, within which the surviving gods have taken refuge. Only Dhatsavan, Lord of Gates, still has enough power left to communicate with visitors.
The Temple of Dhatsavan (Riftworld Mine)
Also known as the Riftworld Mine, the ruins of the temple are buried underground and are currently occupied by Panath-Tiandn. After Makala abducts her, Gamina is imprisoned in a crystal cage within the ruins. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Plot | Plot
Ten years after A Darkness at Sethanon, Seigneur Locklear is serving at a northern Kingdom garrison when he saves Gorath of the Ardanien from an assassin. Gorath has brought a warning of an invasion planned by Delekhan, leader of the moredhel, so Locklear agrees to take him to see Prince Arutha in Krondor. Injured from numerous attacks, they ask for help from Owyn Beleforte, a young magician from Tiburn. The game begins in their camp north of LaMut. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter I: Into A Dark Night | Chapter I: Into A Dark Night
Owyn is bandaging Gorath's and Locklear's injuries when they are attacked by a moredhel assassin whom Gorath dispatches before the three of them set out south. Surviving multiple assassination attempts, they eventually reach Krondor. Finding the palace gates sabotaged, they enter the palace via the sewers with Seigneur James' help. Upon meeting Prince Arutha, another moredhel assassin sneaks in and attempts to kill Gorath, only to be foiled by Pug. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter II: Shadow Of The Nighthawks | Chapter II: Shadow Of The Nighthawks
Gorath informs Arutha of Delekhan's plans, but Arutha does not trust him because he does not know the location of the attack. Gorath thinks they can find out by intercepting Delekhan's Nighthawk spies in Romney. Arutha arranges for James to escort Gorath to Romney and meet with a group of the king's soldiers investigating recent Nighthawk activity in the east. Arutha will muster his army and await word of where the attack will occur. James, Owyn, and Gorath secretly slip out of the city through the sewers and head east. Arriving at the tavern in Romney, they discover that the king's soldiers have all been murdered. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter III: The Spyglass And The Spider | Chapter III: The Spyglass And The Spider
Two clues were left behind at the murder scene: an enchanted spyglass and a silver spider. James, Owyn, and Gorath follow the trail of the spyglass and the spider north to Cavall Keep and uncover the leader of the Nighthawks, the merchant Navon du Sandau. After killing him, they enter the Nighthawks' hideout in the caverns beneath Cavall Keep, where they learn that Delekhan plans to attack Northwarden. Realizing that Nighthawks probably infiltrated the fortress, they split up. James heads to Northwarden while Owyn and Gorath head south to warn Arutha. Before they can reach Arutha though, Owyn and Gorath are captured by Narab, one of Delekhan's chieftains. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter IV: Marked For Death | Chapter IV: Marked For Death
Gorath and Owyn are taken to Sar-Sargoth, where Narab presents them to Delekhan. Delekhan, enraged that Narab has ruined his plans, tells him his life is forfeit. Narab turns on Delekhan and, unbeknownst to them, frees Owyn and Gorath. They escape Sar-Sargoth and head south to the Inclindel Gap, where they meet a Kingdom patrol and are taken to Arutha's camp. Learning of the impending attack on Northwarden, Arutha readies his army and sends Owyn and Gorath to Krondor to seek Pug's help in case the moredhel employ magic. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter V: When Rivers Run Blood | Chapter V: When Rivers Run Blood
James and Locklear arrive at Northwarden and are sent by Baron Gabot to find his magical adviser Patrus. The three of them help Duke Martin prepare for the attack by poisoning moredhel food supplies, finding the minstrel Tamney, stealing the moredhel battle plans, and killing six moredhel magicians hiding behind Kingdom lines. Returning to Northwarden as the moredhel siege begins, they discover that Nighthawks have murdered Baron Gabot, leaving James in command. The battle goes badly and they are about to be overrun when Arutha arrives with his army in time to drive off the moredhel. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter VI: Betrayal | Chapter VI: Betrayal
Makala visits Pug in Krondor, telling him that Gamina is considered an abomination by the Assembly of Magicians and that he has imprisoned her until her fate can be decided. Pug is enraged at Makala's betrayal and vows to find her, blasting the words "The Book Of Macros" into the wall. When Katala is unable to find him or their daughter, she discovers his message and informs Owyn and Gorath. Following clues from the libraries at Sarth and the Abbaye Ishap, Owyn and Gorath head west to Elvandar, where Gorath completes his "Returning" and pledges his allegiance to Queen Aglaranna and Prince Consort Tomas. Tomas shows them the Book of Macros, a gift from Pug to find him should he leave the message to do so. Recently injured by a poisoned blade in a moredhel skirmish, Tomas asks Owyn and Gorath to go in his stead. Owyn and Gorath read the book, which teleports them into the unknown. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter VII: The Long Ride | Chapter VII: The Long Ride
In Northwarden, the moredhel raiding leader is captured and reveals that they plan to use a rift machine in the Dimwood to bypass Arutha's army, enter Sethanon, and free Murmandamus, whom they believe is alive and imprisoned there. Realizing that the attack was a diversion engineered by Makala, Arutha orders his troops to Sethanon and instructs James, Locklear, and Patrus to find and destroy the rift machine. After learning that the machine can be disrupted by a Tsurani device called a Waani, they find the machine and disable it. However, as the rift collapses, it pulls in everything nearby before exploding. James and Locklear grab onto trees but Patrus is sucked into the collapsing rift and is apparently killed. At the same moment, three figures appear in a flash of purple light. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter VIII: Of Lands Afar | Chapter VIII: Of Lands Afar
Owyn and Gorath are teleported to Timirianya, where Owyn realizes that magic does not work and Pug would be powerless. Owyn and Gorath eventually find Pug, who has figured out that by abducting Gamina and manipulating Delekhan, Makala has lured Pug away from Midkemia and Arutha's army away from Sethanon and is free to enter Sethanon unopposed and seek out the Lifestone. Using the Cup of Rlnn Skrr, Owyn restores Pug's powers and they find Gamina imprisoned in a crystal cage in the underground ruins of the Temple of Dhatsavan. Gorath smashes the cage and, using a special pattern stone Pug has brought, the four of them return to Midkemia. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Chapter IX: Mad Gods Rage | Chapter IX: Mad Gods Rage
In a flash of purple light, Pug, Owyn, and Gorath appear before James and Locklear in the Dimwood and tell them to wait for Arutha and let him know that there is no magical threat to his army; Makala will be waiting for Pug at Sethanon. Pug, Owyn, and Gorath travel to the caverns beneath Sethanon and kill the Tsurani Great Ones ("the Six") protecting the Lifestone Chamber. Gorath remains behind to protect the Oracle of Aal, which was incapacitated by Makala, while Pug and Owyn confront the magician. Makala believes that Pug was keeping the Lifestone hidden to use as a weapon and wants it destroyed, but Pug refuses because it would release the Valheru souls trapped inside. Engaging Makala in a magical battle, Pug and Owyn eventually kill him.
Afterward, Gorath enters the chamber locked in combat with Delekhan. When Delekhan reaches for the Lifestone, Gorath tries to stop him and they begin to transform as the Valheru within try to escape. Pug and Owyn are forced to kill them both with a blast of magic in order to prevent the Valheru from being released. Returning above ground, Pug creates magical illusions of Murmandamus and Delekhan which are then incinerated by the Oracle of Aal. Having seen their leaders killed, the moredhel retreat, during which Narab kills Delekhan's son Moraeulf, fulfilling his plans for taking over the moredhel. Owyn is left alone with Pug, who reveals that since Owyn now knows about the Lifestone, Pug must ensure that the secret is safe and suggests that Owyn become one of his students at Stardock. Owyn laughs and replies that he's never wanted anything else. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Development | Development
Although the game was licensed from Raymond E. Feist, a long-held myth was that the text and the story of the game were actually created by Feist himself. Feist states in his afterword to Krondor: The Betrayal that he was busy writing The King's Buccaneer during the game's production and that the plot, text, and new characters were created solely by designers Neal Hallford and John Cutter. Feist did have editorial final say on the game, but most of what Hallford and Cutter created was left intact. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Technical details | Technical details
The game runs in 256-color 320x200 VGA mode. The graphics engine uses textured 3D graphics to draw the terrain and uses sprites for most of the detailed objects. The engine does not support multilevel terrain as such, but obstacles such as hills and mountains are supported. Most shops, inns, temples, special locations, and large cities are navigated through pictures usable through hotspots, while smaller towns have 3D buildings.
NPC and character art is based on photographs. Environments are a mix of captured images and hand-drawn. In combat and puzzle screens, all characters are animated, except for movement - characters do not appear to move their legs while walking. The game models illuminate to a certain extent: in the overworld, day and night are modeled, and in underground locations, the player needs to use a torch or a light spell to illuminate their surroundings.
The game runs in protected mode, using Borland C++'s Ergo DPMI / RTM DOS extender.String in krondor.exe: "Borland C++ - Copyright 1991 Borland Intl." It remained quite compatible with Microsoft Windows up to the 9x series and works very well in DOSBox and VDMSound. A playable version for Mac OS X DOSBox is also available. xBaK is a game engine recreation which allows Betrayal at Krondor to be played natively under the X Window System, using the original data files.xBaK |
Betrayal at Krondor | Release history | Release history
The following commercial editions of the game have been released:
1993: The original 3½" floppy disk release.
1994: CD-ROM edition, which includes Red Book CD-audio versions of the original game's MIDI music tracks, a 5-minute video interview with Raymond E. Feist, and a Windows hint program/package.
1996: Re-release of the CD-ROM in Sierra's SierraOriginals budget line.The files on CD-ROM have 1996 timestamps and inner-ring CD-ROM barcode area has July 1996 date. Copyright date of the package is 1993, the original release year.
1997: free download on Sierra's website to promote the game Betrayal in Antara, though this version is no longer available.
1998: CD-ROM edition (but without the CD-audio soundtrack) that came with the hardcover edition of Krondor: the Betrayal, with a PDF manual and video interview with Feist, promotional materials and a trailer for Return to Krondor.
2010: CD-ROM edition re-released on GOG.com as a downloadable file.
Contrary to popular belief, Vivendi Universal Games has stated that the game is not free to be redistributed by others. |
Betrayal at Krondor | ''Krondor: The Betrayal'' | Krondor: The Betrayal
Feist later wrote Krondor: The Betrayal, a novelization of the game and the first in a series of new Midkemia books called The Riftwar Legacy. Feist credited Hallford and Cutter as co-authors of the original story for Krondor: the Betrayal, and dedicated the book to both of them.
The game and book are set approximately halfway between A Darkness at Sethanon and Prince of the Blood. There are minor differences, such as Owyn's last name being Belefote rather than Beleforte and the towns of Tanneurs and Eggley are changed to Tannerus and Eggly, but the novel largely covers the main plot of the game accurately and ignores most of the sidequests.
The game first introduced Lysle Rigger, Jimmy the Hand's long lost twin brother as well as Kat and Abbot Graves, whose granddaughter was Katherine "Kitty" Graves. Both Lysle Rigger and Kitty Graves would play significant roles in Feist's Serpentwar novels. |
Betrayal at Krondor | Reception | Reception
thumb|Betrayal at Krondor featured on the cover of the Summer 1993 edition of Interaction Magazine.
Sales of the original 3½" floppy disk release were slow, leading Sierra to sell the Riftwar rights back to Raymond Feist, but the game became a hit when it was re-released on CD-ROM.
Jim Trunzo reviewed Betrayal at Krondor in White Wolf #38 (1993), giving it a final evaluation of "Excellent" and stated that "Betrayal at Krondor employs one of the easiest and most intuitive interfaces encountered, one that conveniently handles all aspects of the game, from trading to casting magic spells to combat. Graphics and sound are top-notch, character development is logical an fair, combat is beautifully animated, and I have yet to find anything about the game that I don't like. There simply isn't any facet of the game that isn't outstanding."
Pelit gave Betrayal at Krondor a 94% score, calling the game citing "the wonderful game system, lack of bugs, and the book-like atmosphere" and said "Krondor is as big a revolution in turn-based role-playing games as the Underworlds were in 3D role-playing games." Computer Gaming World in October 1993 called Krondor "a fantasy role-playing game unlike any other ... a new high-watermark in RPG design". While noting that the graphics "are not going to knock players out of their chairs", the magazine praised combat as "the best I've seen in a fantasy CRPG". It concluded that the game was "a rare gem ... and has set new standards for others to follow. For once, a game actually lives up to, even exceeds, its advance billing". A less enthusiastic review by Sandy Petersen appeared in November 1993 in Dragon magazine #199 in the "Eye of the Monitor" column, in which he gave the game two stars out of five. Though Petersen praised the graphics for being "well-rendered" at times and for its "rather entertaining plot", he chastised the gameplay for being slow and for subjecting the player to "dull maintenance activities", such as armor polishing, as well as quests that he found frustratingly hard to understand how to complete. Quandary gave it a 4.5/5 in its 1996 review, calling it "no ordinary role-playing game" with its "complex" immersive environment, traps, and riddles replacing "the usual pits and levers and rolling rocks that are more common in role-playing dungeons." They also called the strategic turn-based combat "very satisfying" though "it takes a little getting used to."
Betrayal at Krondor was named 1993's best role-playing game and overall "Game of the Year" by Computer Games Strategy Plus. In June 1994 Betrayal at Krondor won Computer Gaming Worlds Role-Playing Game of the Year award. The editors wrote that it "is the quintessential example of how a computer game should be built from a fantasy novel", stating that they thought it took the most creative risks while readers liked "its play value and non-linear story". The magazine ranked Krondor #43 on their list of the 150 best games of all time in the magazine's November 1996 Anniversary Edition. The magazine added the game to its Hall of Fame in 2001, saying that Krondor was the "first role-playing game to offer a 3D environment and...one of the first games to use digitized images effectively in the context of a role-playing game." In 1994, PC Gamer US named Betrayal at Krondor as the 31st best computer game ever. The editors hailed it as "a pivotal title in the evolution of role-playing games", praising its "interactive plot and characters that stir the emotions of the player." The magazine later included it on its 1997 "The Best 50 Games of All-Time" list. In 1998, PC Gamer US declared it the 44th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "a classic that will last through the ages." |
Betrayal at Krondor | See also | See also
Betrayal in Antara, a spiritual successor developed by Sierra |
Betrayal at Krondor | References | References |
Betrayal at Krondor | External links | External links
Betrayal at Krondor at Mike's RPG Center
XBAK project, native play under X Window using original files
Category:1993 video games
Category:DOS games
Category:Dynamix games
Category:Fantasy video games
Category:Games commercially released with DOSBox
Category:Raymond E. Feist
Category:Role-playing video games
Category:Sierra Entertainment games
Category:Single-player video games
Category:Video games based on novels
Category:Video games developed in the United States
Category:Windows games |
Betrayal at Krondor | Table of Content | Short description, Gameplay, Moredhel wordlock chests, Plot and dialogue, RPG system and player character development, Magic, Items and inventory, Combat, Temples, stores and inns, Characters, Main characters, Allies, Villains, Locations, Midkemia, Timirianya, Plot, Chapter I: Into A Dark Night, Chapter II: Shadow Of The Nighthawks, Chapter III: The Spyglass And The Spider, Chapter IV: Marked For Death, Chapter V: When Rivers Run Blood, Chapter VI: Betrayal, Chapter VII: The Long Ride, Chapter VIII: Of Lands Afar, Chapter IX: Mad Gods Rage, Development, Technical details, Release history, ''Krondor: The Betrayal'', Reception, See also, References, External links |
Pathare Prabhu | Short description | thumb|Pathare Prabhu middle-class man of nineteenth century.
Pathare Prabhu is one of the Hindu communities found mainly in the Indian state of Maharashtra. |
Pathare Prabhu | Introduction | Introduction
The Pathare Prabhus and the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus (CKP) are considered sister communities, both being part of the 'Prabhu caste'.
Both Pathare Prabhu and CKP follow the Advaita Vedanta Smarta tradition of Hinduism propounded by Adi Shankara.
Along with all the Maharashtrian Brahmin castes and the CKP, they are considered one of the 'high' or 'elite' castes of Maharashtra.
The Pathare Prabhu, in the 19th century would to refer to Mumbai (then known as Bombay) as 'Desh' (country). They formed the "Union Club" under which were the five primary collectives of Girgaon, Mazagaon, Parel, Mahim and Worli. In 1887, they held a meeting at the "Desh" level in which it was decided to stop inviting "naikins" (dancers) to sing at the Upanayana (thread ceremonies or "munja") and marriage celebrations. Historians cite an incident where a Pathare Prabhu member who broke this rule two years later was socially outcast by the community. He sued for defamation but the British Court ruled against him. |
Pathare Prabhu | Notable people | Notable people
Moroba Kanhoba – 19th century writer and social reformer (women's rights advocate), author of the famous Marathi novel "Ghashiram Kotwal". His highly publicized marriage to a widow ended in a tragedy after the couple was found dead within a year of the marriage.
Shivkar Bapuji Talpade – allegedly flew an unmanned heavier-than-air aircraft in 1895, this pseudohistorical claim was made by Hindu nationalists.
Atmaram Sadashiv Jayakar – Notable zoologist, physician, naturalist and explorer. Best known for his scientific study on animals and medical surveys of Oman. He described some unknown species like Arabitragus jayakari, Hippocampus jayakari and Omanosaura jayakari, all named after him. He also studied the Omani dialect of Arabic.Omani Proverbs, Oleander Press, 1987, page 1-7
Mahadev Vishwanath Dhurandhar – Well known Indian painter and artist.Pratap Velkar (1997). Pathare Prabuncha Itihasa, Shrividya prakashan, page 456
Kanhoba Ranchoddas Kirtikar – Notable botanist, surgeon and Marathi poet.Pratap Velkar (1997). Pathare Prabuncha Itihasa, Shrividya prakashan, page 445
Mukund Ramarao Jayakar – First vice chancellor of the University of Pune.
Raobahadur Narayan Dinanath Velkar (1798–1870) – 19th century social reformer, and first Native Municipal Commissioner of Bombay city and one of the founders of The Times of India. |
Pathare Prabhu | See also | See also
Pathare Prabhu (Kanchole) |
Pathare Prabhu | References | References |
Pathare Prabhu | External links | External links
The Pathare Prabhu Community Website
An interesting description of pathare prabhu culture as experienced by Helena Blavatsky in the 18th century.
Category:Indian castes
Category:Hinduism in Maharashtra
Category:Religion in Mumbai
Category:Social groups of Maharashtra
Category:Social groups of Goa
Category:History of Mumbai
Category:Prabhu Communities of Maharashtra |
Pathare Prabhu | Table of Content | Short description, Introduction, Notable people, See also, References, External links |
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A.G. Barr | Short description | A.G. Barr p.l.c, commonly known as Barr's, is a Scottish soft drink and energy drink manufacturer based in Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire, Scotland widely known for manufacturing the drink Irn-Bru. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. |
A.G. Barr | History | History
thumb|left|A sculpture of Robert Barr is erected in Camelon, near Falkirk.
The company was founded in 1875 by Robert Barr in Falkirk. In 1887, his son, Robert Fulton Barr, set up a division of the original company in Glasgow, which had a much larger population. In 1892 the Glasgow branch passed to Andrew Greig Barr (where the name A.G. Barr comes from), a brother of the branch's founder. In 1899, they soft launched Irn-Bru, eventually launching it in 1901. The Falkirk and Glasgow divisions merged in 1959, and the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1965.
In 1972, A.G. Barr acquired the Tizer brand. In 2001 the company acquired Findlays Mineral Water which is sourced in the Lammermuir Hills.A.G. Barr buys up Findlays The Scotsman, 27 December 2002 In 2002, Roger White joined A.G. Barr as managing director, and in 2004 became the first chief executive from outside the Barr family.The Big Profile: Roger White Insider Magazine, 25 November 2008
The company acquired Forfar-based Strathmore Mineral Water in May 2006. The Irn-Bru 32 energy drink variant was launched in 2006. In 2008, the company purchased the Taut sports drink range, and exotic fruit drink company Rubicon.
In November 2012, the company agreed to merge with Britvic, which produces drinks like J2O, Tango and Robinsons, as well as holding the authority to produce Pepsi for the UK market, to create one of Europe's largest soft drinks companies. The merger was abandoned in July 2013.
The company acquired a cocktail mixer business, Funkin, in February 2015.
In December 2022, the company acquired Boost Drinks for £20 million from founders Simon and Alison Gray. The company also took full control of Moma Foods at that time.
In October 2023, it was announced A.G. Barr had acquired the Rio Tropical Limited soft drinks brand from the independent brewer and pub company, Hall and Woodhouse Limited, for £12.3 million. |
A.G. Barr | Legal disputes | Legal disputes
thumb|Barr brand bubblegum-flavoured soft drink
On 14 July 1961, the Coca-Cola Company asked Lord Walker for an interim interdict about the type of bottle used by A.G. Barr's "Kolabar", "Cydrap" and "Stilkrush" in the Court of Session. Coca-Cola's argument was that "real danger that the bottle used by [A.G. Barr] for containing Kolabar will be mistaken by the public for [Coca-Cola].", while A.G. Barr's argument was "the position of Coca-Cola in the soft drinks industry in Scotland is insignificant in comparison with that of [A.G. Barr]". Lord Walker refused the interim interdict, as a large part of their business could've been disturbed, additionally because Coca-Cola made no sales in the country at that point. |
A.G. Barr | Operations | Operations
A.G. Barr produces a variety of soft drinks from production sites at Cumbernauld, Forfar and Milton Keynes. Irn-Bru was launched in 1901. |
A.G. Barr | Notes | Notes |
A.G. Barr | References | References |
A.G. Barr | External links | External links
Official Website
Category:1875 establishments in Scotland
Category:British companies established in 1875
Category:Companies based in North Lanarkshire
Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Category:Drink companies of Scotland
Category:Family-owned companies of Scotland
Category:Food and drink companies established in 1875
Category:Soft drinks manufacturers
Category:Companies in the FTSE 250 Index |
A.G. Barr | Table of Content | Short description, History, Legal disputes, Operations, Notes, References, External links |
Trax (game) | Short description | Trax is a two-player abstract strategy game of loops and lines invented by David Smith in 1980.Trax web site
The game is played with a set of identical square tiles. One side of the tile has red and white straight lines and the other red and white curves. |
Trax (game) | History | History
+Loops in Trax frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px frameless|25px
Trax was invented in 1980 by David Smith, a chartered accountant in Christchurch, New Zealand. Smith published five games between 1970 and 1980, including Chess Cards, a variant of chess in which players could choose to either draw a card (with a chess piece printed on the obverse) or move a card already in play according to the revealed piece's rules. Chess Cards featured "boardless" play; once drawn, the card could be played onto any flat surface, subject to additional rules that would prevent playing the cards into isolation from the cards already in play. In November 1980, Smith began to develop the boardless aspect of Chess Cards with a more original, abstract game, which led to Trax. He quickly developed the idea of two coloured paths, but discovered that play could stop if three edges had the same colours, leading to his breakthrough invention of the forced-play rule, approximately one week later on November 26.
The game was first published in New Zealand and the United States in 1982. Originally, the tiles were made out of cardboard and were red with black and white lines. As the game became more popular, the tiles were changed to high-density plastic using the same colors. The change to black tiles with red and white lines took place in 2005.
In 1999, Microsoft Corporation selected Trax as one of the first proprietary games in its Internet Gaming Zone. For the 2015 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology in Queenstown, New Zealand, Trax was selected for the design competition for implementation using a field programmable gate array processor.
The reigning world champion is Donald Bailey, an engineering professor at Massey University in New Zealand. , with the exception of a loss in the 1994 final, he has won every Trax world championship since 1990. |
Trax (game) | Gameplay | Gameplay
TRAX is a two-player game that does not have a defined playing board, but any flat surface is suitable. For the commercial boxed versions of the game, 64 identical square, double-sided tiles are included. On one side is the cross/straight paths, where the colors connect opposite sides, and on the other side is the curved paths, where the colors connect adjacent sides. Rotating the tile by 90 degrees yields six possible orientations:
Straight side: frameless|25px frameless|20px frameless|25px
Curved side: frameless|25px frameless|20px frameless|25px frameless|20px frameless|25px frameless|20px frameless|25px
By mutual agreement, the players select a colour for their path, with the player selecting the white path making the first move. The first tile to be played is either frameless|25px (curved tile with white running top–left and red running bottom–right) or frameless|25px (cross tile with white running top–bottom and red running left–right). Each successive move is made adjacent to a tile in play; the colours of the track on the newly-played tile must link to the track on the adjacent tile in play. For example, the following sequence is a legal series:
Move Board Notation Player 1 @ White 0 frameless|50px 0 @ 2 @ A B Red 0 0 1 frameless|50px frameless|50px 1 2 2 @ A B 3 @ A B C White 0 0 1 frameless|50px frameless|50px 1 2 frameless|50px 2 @ A B C 3(F) @ A B C White (forced play) 0 0 1 frameless|50px frameless|50px 1 2 frameless|50px frameless|50px 2 @ A B C
The objective is to get a loop or line of your colour while attempting to stop your opponent from completing a loop in their colour.
TRAX includes a forced-play rule. If a tile played in any turn forms an adjacent space or spaces into which same coloured track enters from two edges, that same player must play an additional tile into each such space so as to join up the same coloured track, be it white or red, as part of that turn. A forced play may itself require further forced plays to be made. A turn is not complete until the only remaining spaces are either single edged spaces or two edged spaces entered by tracks of both colours. In the three-move example above, note that the White path player created a forced move with the third tile played and the fourth tile extended the path of the Red player.
An illegal move is one that creates an adjacent space into which the same coloured track enters from more than two edges. The entire turn must be replayed from the initial tile. |
Trax (game) | Winning conditions | Winning conditions
A player wins when they form a loop, which is a continuous closed path of the player's chosen color, or when they form a line, which is a continuous path of the player's chosen color that extends for at least 8 rows or columns from one edge of the board to the opposite edge. Examples of each condition are given below.
+ Loop (White wins) frameless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50px
+ Line (Red wins) frameless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50pxframeless|50px
If the result of a single turn (including forced moves) is that both players meet the winning criteria simultaneously, the player whose turn it was is declared the winner. |
Trax (game) | Notation | Notation
+TRAX tile type notation Character Tiles + frameless|100pxframeless|100px / frameless|100pxframeless|100px \ frameless|100pxframeless|100px
The turns in a game may be recorded in text format as a three-character code according to the position and type of the tile played. The first character denotes the column into which the tile was played, and the second character denotes the row. Columns are numbered successively from left to right as @, A, B, ..., Z, AA, AB, ..., AZ, BA, ... and rows are numbered successively from top to bottom as 0, 1, 2, 3, ... The third character denotes the type of tile played; symbols were chosen based on the general shape of the tracks. Crosses/straights are denoted by "+" and the curved tiles are denoted by the forward slash ("/") or backslash ("\") characters, which represent the direction of the diagonal of the corners between unconnected sides. The rotational orientation of the tile played is determined unambiguously by the tile(s) adjacent to where it was played, so the orientation of the tile played does not need to be specified using this nomenclature system. Similarly, the forced-play rule determines any additional tiles played during that turn, so the forced tiles do not need to be recorded.
However, because the first tile to be played determines the orientation (relative directions) of the game board, only two valid first moves are possible. The two valid first moves are:
frameless|50px (denoted ), where the white track defines the top and left sides of the game board and the red track defines the bottom and right sides.
frameless|50px (denoted ), where the white track defines the top and bottom of the game board and the red track defines the left and right sides.
The third possibility would be:
frameless|50px (which would be denoted ) is not a valid first move. Since the white path on a curved tile defines the top and left sides, if the curved tile is played as the first move in this orientation, the playing field is rotated by 90° clock-wise and the move would still be recorded as .
In this notation system, because the @ column and 0 row are used for the leftmost empty column and topmost empty row, this "origin" point will change in the turn following a turn in which a tile was played (or forced) into the @ column or 0 row. For example, once the first move is made ( or ), that first tile becomes position A1 for the second turn, so if the second player plays a tile to the right of that first tile, the second move is recorded as , , or . The only legal moves for the second turn would be (to the left), (above), (below), or (to the right).
Prior to 1998, an alternative three-character notation system was used. The first two characters consist of a number and a letter, with the letter denoting the column (in order from left to right, A, B, C, ...) and the number denoting the row (in order from top to bottom, 1, 2, 3, ...). The third character is either S (when a straights/cross piece is played), C (when a curved piece is played as the first tile or against two edges), or U/D/L/R (depending on the track which being continued, either Up, Down, Left, or Right, respectively). The sequence of the first two characters are reversed when the tile is played above the tile in the top left corner, so for example A1x is played to the left of the tile in the top-left corner, while 1Ax is played above that tile. |
Trax (game) | Variations | Variations
"Loop Trax" is a variant where the winning criterion is limited to closed loops only. Other variations include limiting playing board size (to 8×8, as "Limited Tiles" or 3×3, as "Mini Trax"). Originally, the game was limited to an 8×8 board because each set was supplied with 64 tiles; the variant "SuperTrax", which removed the size limits, required the purchase of at least one additional set. With the advent of virtual play, "SuperTrax" has become the dominant variant. |
Trax (game) | Example game | Example game
+After move 31, (White) / (Black) 1994 @ A B C D E F G H I J K 0 0 1 frameless|35px frameless|35px 1 2 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 2 3 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 3 4 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 4 5 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 5 6 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 6 7 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 7 8 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 8 9 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 9 10 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 10 11 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 11 12 frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px frameless|35px 12 13 13 @ A B C D E F G H I J K
This game was played between Donald Bailey (white) and Tom Seigenthaler (black) in early 1994. The cross/straights tile placed during the first move (as ) ended up in the final position of "C7".
|
Trax (game) | Reviews | Reviews
Games #32
1982 Games 100 in Games |
Trax (game) | See also | See also
Tantrix, a connection game played with similar tiles but different gameplay
Black Path Game |
Trax (game) | References | References |
Trax (game) | External links | External links
Trax puzzle book |
Trax (game) | Bibliography | Bibliography
Category:Abstract strategy games
Category:Board games introduced in 1982
Category:Connection games
Category:Excalibre Games games
Category:Tile-based board games |
Trax (game) | Table of Content | Short description, History, Gameplay, Winning conditions, Notation, Variations, Example game, Reviews, See also, References, External links, Bibliography |
Millennium Park (Chicago) | # | redirect Millennium Park |
Millennium Park (Chicago) | Table of Content | # |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HealthCap | Adverstisement, vanity, I don't think we need this. -- | Adverstisement, vanity, I don't think we need this. -- Solitude 12:16, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
delete. Ianb 17:51, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Delete, and keep your filthy adds away from our Wikipedia. --Ardonik 21:04, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
Delete. I show ads no mercy. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 21:11, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HealthCap | Table of Content | Adverstisement, vanity, I don't think we need this. -- |
122 (number) | Infobox number
| 122 (one hundred [and] twenty-two) is the natural number following 121 and preceding 123. |
122 (number) | In mathematics | In mathematics
122 is a nontotient since there is no integer with exactly 122 coprimes below it. Nor is there an integer with exactly 122 integers with common factors below it, making 122 a noncototient.
122 is a semiprime.
φ(122) = φ(σ(122)). |
122 (number) | References | References
Category:Integers |
122 (number) | Table of Content | Infobox number
, In mathematics, References |
Real-time tactical | # | redirect Real-time tactics |
Real-time tactical | Table of Content | # |
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Devi Das Nahar | Use Indian English | Devi Das Nahar is a Valmiki activist and politician from Amritsar district, Punjab, India. He is president of Valmiki Dharam Yudh Morcha. |
Devi Das Nahar | Political career | Political career
Nahar is president of Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar), a splinter group of the Bahujan Samaj Party active in Amritsar area of Punjab. In the 2002 legislative assembly elections in Punjab, BSP(A) put up 23 candidates, who together received 20,260 votes. The BSP(A) reunited with the BSP on 31 December 2003. In 2004, after the elections of Lok Sabha, Sh. Devi Dass Nahar along with Jia Lal Nahar, Pritam Chand and Balwant Singh Sultanpur was expelled from Bahujan Samaj Party and refloated his BSP(A) due to differences with Narendra Kumar Kashyap national general secretary of party and state president Avtar Singh Karimpuri. In 2009 Lok Sabha elections, BSP(A) announced its support to the SAD-BJP candidates after Sukhbir Singh Badal met with Devi Dass Nahar. |
Devi Das Nahar | See also | See also
Bhagwan Valmiki Tirath Sthal
Bahujan Samaj Party |
Devi Das Nahar | References | References
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Indian activists
Category:People from Amritsar district
Category:Activists from Punjab, India |
Devi Das Nahar | Table of Content | Use Indian English, Political career, See also, References |
Bhandup | Use dmy dates | Bhandup (Pronunciation: [bʱaːɳɖup]) () is a suburban locality in Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, India. The name Bhandup is derived from Bhandupeshwar, one of the names of the Hindu god Shiva. An old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Bhandupeshwar Mahadev Mandir, is located in Bhandup (west) near Moti Bai Wadi IDUBS high school. Sonapur signal is north lead line on L.B.S. Marg and south is dockyard colony. Bhandup railway station is on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. A few fast trains stop at Bhandup station, mostly during the peak hours. |
Bhandup | History | History
thumb|left|2016 Ganpati Visarjan (Ganesh Chaturthi) - Bhandup west
Bhandup is one of the oldest suburbs in Mumbai. It is home to Shivaji Talao, or Shivaji Lake, named after the Maratha ruler, Shivaji. Devotees of Ganapati immerse idols of the elephant god Ganesh at the lake during the months of August through September, as well as in Bhandupeshwar Kundh in Bhandup Village East near the Eastern Express Highway.
The earliest records of Bhandup come from 1803, and show the contemporary Bhandup estate to comprise Bhandup, Nahur and Kanjur Marg.
The Silaharas, also known as Shilahara, were the rulers of this region with partial Dravidian ancestry who later mixed with the Prakrit speaking Indo-Aryan locals of Konkan. The Silaharas promoted socio-economic progress in the 11th century around Bombay. To control the regions in Bombay and Thane, the built the Rajapatha, passing from the north of Bhandup, following the current Bombay-Thane road.
Historical records indicate that the distillery at Bhandup was one of the two biggest sources of liquor in the Bombay Presidency, the other being the Uran distillery.
Bhandup was also one of the first railway stations in India. The first train ran between Bori Bunder and Thane on 16 April 1853 with 400 passengers aboard 14 railway carriages, at 3:35 pm. It is said that the idea to connect Bombay with Thane and Kalyan occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government, on a visit to Bhandup in 1843.
However, Bhandup was not a part of Bombay until 1950, when the boundaries of the Bombay municipal corporation were extended up to Andheri on the western side and Bhandup on the eastern side. |
Bhandup | Demographics | Demographics
Bhandup falls within the S-ward, as defined by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. The population of Bhandup has risen exponentially in the last twenty years.
Census Year Population Density per square km % change in population from previous year Sex ratio (females/1000 males) 1981 2,97,108 7860 NA 740 1991 5,68,028 15,027 91% 813 2001 6,91,227 10,800 21% 823
The discordance between population and density could be due to re-drawing of ward boundaries
The majority of residents of Bhandup are Hindus by religion. The dominant language is Marathi. Although a large percentage of the residents are natives of Maharashtra, in the last few decades, there has been a huge influx of non-native residents into Bhandup, reflecting the trend witnessed for Mumbai as a whole.
thumb|near Bhandup Pumping Station |
Bhandup | Economy | Economy |
Bhandup | Industry | Industry
According to the 2001 census, there were 12,380 industrial establishments in Bhandup (S-Ward), providing employment to 36,921 residents of Bhandup. The rest of the employed populace are employed outside the limits of the S-ward.
One of the first industries to start in this area was Crompton Greaves in 1937, currently in Kanjur Marg. Currently, almost all of the industries in Bhandup are in Bhandup West, including CEAT Tyres, Asian Paints Ltd, BASF, and the Indian Smelting And Refining Company Limited. Apart from these big companies, there are several small-scale manufacturing units all over Bhandup West.
The presence of a large number of industries, coupled with large traffic flows throughout the day, led to Bhandup's air is one of the worst in Mumbai in 1999. However, several of the polluting industries have moved out of Mumbai since, leading to slightly better air quality.
thumb|left
Bhandup has Asia's biggest water filtration plant. The eastern sections of Kanjurmarg and Nahur blend into Bhandup without clear demarcation. |
Bhandup | Retail | Retail
In recent years, several mall construction projects have been initiated in Bhandup. One reason for Bhandup being a prime location for malls is its proximity to affluent areas like Powai and Mulund. In the past few years, several industries in Bhandup have shifted or started shifting out of Mumbai, rendering vast tracts of land vacant. These land-plots are being used for the construction of huge residential complexes, in turn, providing the customer base for these malls.
Neptune Magnet Mall is a shopping mall that is part of a satellite township, Living Point, comprising six towers of 22 stories each being developed by Neptune group. Some of the other malls in the area include the Leo Mall and a shopping space being developed by HBS Centrix. Dreams the Mall, developed by Satra Properties, located close to Bhandup Railway Station, was one of the biggest malls in Bhandup. However due to multiple fires, the 1st occurring on 25-March-2021 in Sunrise Hospital with a loss of 11 lives and the 2nd incident on 04-March-2022 the Dreams mall is currently non operational. |
Bhandup | Transport | Transport
Bhandup is connected with the rest of the city through the road network. The arterial road of Bhandup West is the Agra Road i.e. L.B.S. Marg, while Bhandup East is flanked by the Eastern Express highway. Four buses (numbers 144, 453, 545 and 603), however, pass through Bhandup East, as the area is relatively sparsely populated. There is also a special bus service in the mornings for female commuters, going from Bhandup to Andheri. There is also a special State Transport Bus service in the morning which run between Bhandup and CWC (Navi Mumbai) and Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport Corporation runs a bus (route no 144) through Bhandup East which plies between Andheri East and Airoli.
Bhandup is also a railway station on the Central Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network, between KanjurMarg and Nahur. |
Bhandup | Schools | Schools
There are over 35 schools in Bhandup. Notable schools include:
NES High School and Junior College |
Bhandup | Colleges | Colleges
Bhandup has five major accredited colleges, out of which two are in Bhandup (East) and three in Bhandup (West). All of them are affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The breakup is as follows:
Name of college Location NAAC accreditation status Class levels Junior College NES Ratnam College Of Arts, Science & Commerce N.E.S. Marg, Bhandup (West) A Junior college to Postgraduate V. K. Krishna Menon College of Commerce and Economics & Science V. K. Krishna Menon College of Commerce and Economics & Science Bhandup (East) B Junior college to Postgraduate Ramanand Arya D. A. V. College, Station Road Datar Colony, Bhandup (East) A Junior college to Bachelors Jijamata Junior College, Maharashtra Nagar Bhandup (West) B Junior college to Bachelors Shri Ram College of Commerce, Subhash Nagar Shri Ram College of Commerce, Subhash NagarBhandup (West) B Junior college to Postgraduate |
Bhandup | Sports | Sports |
Bhandup | Football | Football
Bhandup has several Football clubs which are members of the Mumbai District Football Association (MDFA), including the Sunday Boys Football Club, the GKW Rangers, Ushanagar Youth CluB, DATAR CHAMP'S Football Club (DC), Samarth Garden Football Club (S.G.F.C), UshaComplex Football club (U.C.F.C). And Gunners Football Club and GN Boys and Loss Fc and Satya Vijay Football Club (SVFC), Bhandup Sports Academy (BSA).
Bhandup also has its own football association called the Bhandup Suburb Football Association (BSFA). |
Bhandup | Cricket | Cricket
Bhandup has several cricket clubs. |
Bhandup | Social organisations | Social organisations
There are several social organizations in Bhandup of which Sarvajanik Pooja Samiti Bhandup village east, founded in 1946, is the oldest, followed by Adrash Sports Club (1956), followed by Vijay Krida Mandal, Shree Saibhajan Sanskrutik Mandal (Bhandup), Vikas Mandal, Sai Vihar, Prajapita Brahma Kumaris Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jeevan Vidya Mission and the Rotary Club of Mumbai Bhandup., Shiv Shambhu Raje Pratishthan Village Road Bhandup |
Bhandup | Notable people | Notable people
Vinod Kambli - former India Test/ODI player. Grew up in a chawl in the Kanjur/Bhandup area
Dhananjay Mahadik - Indian National Hockey Player
Ashok Patil- MLC from Bhandup west
Sanjay Dina Patil - ex-Member of Parliament-North-East Mumbai and Nationalist Congress Party
Om Puri - Bollywood actor used to stay here before getting into Bollywood
Sanjay Raut - editor of Saamana and Shiv Sena leader
Rupali Repale - long-distance swimmer
Jemimah Rodrigues - Indian Women's Cricket Teams Youngest Player
Ramchandra Sapre - chess master |
Bhandup | References | References
Category:Suburbs of Mumbai |
Bhandup | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, History, Demographics, Economy, Industry, Retail, Transport, Schools, Colleges, Sports, Football, Cricket, Social organisations, Notable people, References |
Fitzroy High School | More citations needed | Fitzroy High School is a state school catering for Years 7 to 10, located in Falconer Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia. The school was first opened in 1915, but closed in 1992. After a long community campaign, it re-opened in 2004. |
Fitzroy High School | History | History
The Fitzroy Central School as it was first known, opened for the 1915 school year, admitting students from Grades 5 to 8. In 1957, it received its current name, and was allowed to take students up to Year 12. In 1988, it merged with Exhibition High School, but retained its original site.John Andrews & Deborah Towns (2018) Unlocking the Past; What stories does your School have to reveal? (A compendium to A Secondary Education for All) P.27 Australian Scholarly Publishing, |
Fitzroy High School | Closure | Closure
After coming to power in 1992, then-Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett embarked on an array of budget cuts in an attempt to restore the state's flagging finances. As a result, the decision was made to close a significant number of schools across the state. Fitzroy High was one of the first to be earmarked for closure, and it shut down at the end of the 1992 school year.
After its closure, the local community feared that the site, which had been public land ever since 1871, would be sold for development. Community groups decided to occupy the site, in an attempt to prevent its sale, and in a widely publicised campaign, maintained a 24-hour vigil for fourteen months. People occupied the site in four-hour shifts, or slept overnight in the principal's office or administration wing. |
Fitzroy High School | Twelve years later, Fitzroy High reopens its doors | Twelve years later, Fitzroy High reopens its doors
In 1993, the state government finally struck a deal with the local community, and the Kangan Batman TAFE was allowed to use the site. They operated a campus at the site until 1998, when budgetary requirements forced it to close. The following year, they handed the site back to the Education Department. Around the same time, Jeff Kennett lost power, and was replaced by Steve Bracks, who was more supportive of their cause.
The site lay dormant for two years, until then-Education Minister Mary Delahunty approved plans to re-open the school for Years 7 to 10 in 2001. The site was significantly renovated, involving the construction of a new science and technology wing, a library and a food technology division.
During 2002, the school was used as a central filming location for the children's series Short Cuts. |
Fitzroy High School | Re-opening | Re-opening
On 28 January 2004, the school re-opened, with 135 students in Years 7 and 8. It expanded to Years 9 and 10 in the 2005 school year, and plans were announced in December 2005 to begin classes for Years 11 and 12 in 2007 in conjunction with another Melbourne school, Collingwood College.
A building program, comprising a unique design to facilitate the school's learning philosophy, was completed in 2009 to increase accommodation for up to 600 students in years 7–12. The new building has now won a number of design awards including the Dulux Colour and the Australian Institute of Architecture Victorian Chapter annual award 2010 -Public Alterations and Additions. The school was also short listed in the 2010 Premier Design Awards in Victoria. |
Fitzroy High School | New campus | New campus
thumb|Wurun Senior Campus
Since the start of 2022, Fitzroy High School has opened a new campus, called the Wurun Senior Campus, that they are sharing with Collingwood College. Their original (and main) campus only hosts year 7-10 students. |
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