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Mefloquine (Lariam, Larimef, Mefliam, Mephaquin) is in the news again. Since 1993, the mind- and mood-altering antimalaria drug has been routinely issued as first-line malaria prophylaxis for British soldiers. In the same year, mefloquine became associated with military atrocities when Canadian peacekeepers who were taking mefloquine beat, tortured and shot two local teenagers in Somalia. The pattern of mefloquine-associated military violence continued and, in 2002, four US soldiers based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina (three of whom had returned from Afghanistan, where troops were prescribed the drug) killed their wives. A more recent tragedy involved Staff Sergeant Robert Bales of the US special forces who, in March 2012, while apparently taking mefloquine, killed 16 Afghan civilians.
The French military have never prescribed mefloquine to its troops. The US military, along with other national armies, have now stopped using the drug as first-line prophylaxis. If used at all, it is relegated to third line. In the UK, civilian GPs “steer clear” of mefloquine, states Clare Gerada, former chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners. However, the UK Ministry of Defence continues to issue it routinely (‘prescribing’ isn’t the correct word, since the drug is typically handed out on the parade ground by the medical sergeant, along with other tropical kit) to troops deploying on exercise or operations to sub-Saharan Africa .
On 8 September 2015, the UK Parliament’s defence select committee wrote to the defence secretary, Michael Fallon, to ask if he planned to reassess mefloquine’s safety, in light of renewed military concerns. This followed an announcement by Johnny Mercer, Conservative MP for Plymouth Moor View, that he had received “dozens” of letters from military personnel who believed they had been harmed by mefloquine. Mercer further stated that, according to official records, of 1,892 UK military personnel who took mefloquine in 2014, 263 (14%) had sought treatment for its side effects. Since 2008, 994 service personnel had been admitted to psychiatric hospitals or had been treated at mental health clinics after taking the drug, he added. The true figures, however, may be even higher.
The news that mefloquine was still being administered wholesale to soldiers astonished parliamentarians and many doctors. Its potential to cause neuropsychiatric harm was highlighted as long ago as November 1995 in BBC television’s consumer programme Watchdog. After this early media exposure, mefloquine sales slumped. A Cochrane review in 1997 confirmed that it causes serious side effects, and a more recent Cochrane review in 2009 showed that it is the least safe malaria prevention drug in terms of its potential to cause neuropsychiatric injury and sudden death.
Mefloquine was developed by the US army for malaria treatment in the 1970s through controversial experiments involving the deliberate infection of participants with Plasmodium falciparum,. The participants were, in fact, prisoners in state penitentiaries, although some of the study reports concealed this fact. On the strength of these early studies in prisoners, mefloquine was licensed and prescribed from 1984 onwards to tourists and travellers. Not only were the end-users of the drug different from the original study populations, but the principal indication for mefloquine’s use had also changed: it was prescribed, and continued to be prescribed, mainly for malaria prevention.
The evidence base for mefloquine’s use as prophylaxis was inadequate in 1984 and it is inadequate today. In the rush to license mefloquine, vital safety and pharmacokinetic studies were skipped. Even now, these have not been performed. Early in mefloquine’s history, experts came forward to declare, on the basis of almost no evidence, that the drug was “non-toxic” and “well tolerated”. This was disproved, however, by hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific case reports (there were 516 reports by March 2002) describing unwanted mefloquine effects such as headache, nervousness, fatigue, disorders of sleep, mood, memory and concentration, and occasionally frank psychosis. One such report was called ‘Curses, madness and mefloquine’ .
There is no organisation more entrenched than a government department whose senior members are anonymous and unaccountable to the general public. Safer alternatives to mefloquine (doxycycline and atovaquone/proguanil [Malarone], for example) have been available for decades. To date, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) has refused to budge from its 20-year position that mefloquine is “the drug of choice” for soldiers deploying to sub-Saharan Africa. Its arguments for maintaining the pharmacological status quo have been confused and, at times, contradictory, and have been aired by the MoD press office in government-controlled websites, rather than in scientific journals. To date, three broad themes, all of them flawed, have emerged.
Argument one: “We follow Public Health England”. Why? Public Health England exists to advise English civilian travellers on travel health matters. It is not constituted (and nor should it be) to advise the military. Military travellers differ from civilian travellers in at least ten fundamental respects. The UK military needs to look at its own population to decide its own malaria policy, based on its unique exposure threat and its unique workforce demography. All other large national armies do this. The Defence Medical Services did this until around 1997, after which time they relied too heavily on civilian advisers.
Argument two: “Malaria is a life-threatening disease and strong drugs are needed to prevent it; inevitably, these have side effects”. Yes, but mefloquine causes neuropsychiatric illness, and doxycycline and Malarone, on the whole, do not. The British National Formulary lists 27 neuropsychiatric side effects linked with mefloquine, seven linked with Malarone, and two linked with doxycycline. The neurological side effects of mefloquine can be permanent, as the US Food and Drug Administration confirmed in 2013. Doxycycline and Malarone are as effective as mefloquine in preventing malaria. Malaria, in any event, is easily diagnosed and treated, and its risk to soldiers has been overstated by successive surgeon generals. No soldier has died of malaria recently. Even before mefloquine’s adoption, no British soldier had died from malaria for at least 20 years,.
Argument three: “There is no evidence to suggest that mefloquine interferes with weapon handling”. Wrong. Participants taking mefloquine in a small cross-over randomised controlled trial consistently made more errors on a flight simulator than when taking placebo. For precisely this reason, aircrew are not permitted to take mefloquine. A loaded weapon is a complex piece of machinery, analogous in many ways to a helicopter or a fixed wing aircraft. It is just as dangerous.
The MoD’s continued use of mefloquine as routine, first-line malaria prophylaxis for soldiers, based on disastrous advice over a 20-year period from successive surgeon generals, is scientifically and ethically indefensible. It must stop, immediately.
What should replace mefloquine as first-line prophylaxis in locations where chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is known to exist? The answer is doxycycline – but in its monohydrate, not hyclate, form. Doxycycline protects against other tropical infections besides malaria. Doxycycline monohydrate, marketed in the UK as ‘Efracea’, has significantly fewer side effects than doxycycline hyclate. Since doxycycline monohydrate is not currently licensed in the UK for malaria prophylaxis (although it is licensed in Europe), the onus is on the MoD to press for this doxycycline formulation to be licensed for this indication, and to make it available to our troops.
Owen J. Lariam: history of violence. The Independent. 27 September 2013, 4–5.
Magill AJ, Forgione MA, Maguire JD et al. Special considerations for US military deployments. In: Brunette GW, ed. CDC health information for international travel. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
Owen J. MoD ‘ignored years of warnings about the dangers of suicide drug’. The Independent. 27 September 2013, 4–5.
Mercer J. How veterans’ pleas convinced me that ‘suicide drug’ should stop being prescribed to Armed Forces. The Independent. 17 August 2015, 1–2.
Editorial. Alarm over Lariam. The Times. 25 September 2015, 35.
Clift S & Grabowski P. Malaria prophylaxis and the media. Lancet 1996;348:344.
Jacquerioz FA & Croft AM. Drugs for preventing malaria in travellers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD006491. doi:10.1002/14651858.
Croft AM. Developing safe antimalaria drugs: key lessons from mefloquine and halofantrine. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 2007;19:153–161.
BBC News. Ministry of Defence defends use of malaria drug. 25 September 2015.
Croft AM, Baker D & von Bertele MJ. Une politique de lutte antivectorielle adaptée aux déploiements militaires selon des résultats d’études: l’expérience de l’armée britannique. Med Trop (Marseille) 2001;61:91–98.
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Antimalarials. In: British National Formulary No 69. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2015.
Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves label changes for antimalarial drug mefloquine hydrochloride due to risk of serious psychiatric and nerve side effects. FDA Safety Announcement, 29 July 2013.
Croft AM, Jacquerioz FA & Jones KL. Drugs to prevent malaria in travelers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Human Parasitic Diseases 2010;2:1–19.
Nosten F & van Vugt M: Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of mefloquine – what do we know and what should we do? CNS Drugs 1999;11:1–8. | 2019-04-24T11:58:20Z | https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/opinion/comment/stop-prescribing-mefloquine-to-our-military-personnel-for-malaria-prophylaxis/20200021.article?firstPass=false |
MarketAxess Reports Fourth Quarter 2014 Record Revenues of $70.2 Million, Record Pre-Tax Income of $33.5 Million and Record Diluted EPS From Continuing Operations of $0.57 | MarketAxess Holdings, Inc.
*All comparisons versus fourth quarter 2013.
**All comparisons versus full year 2013.
NEW YORK, Jan. 28, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MarketAxess Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq:MKTX), the operator of a leading electronic trading platform for fixed-income securities, and the provider of market data and post-trade services for the global fixed-income markets, today announced results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2014.
"We are pleased to report record revenues, pre-tax income and EPS driven by record volume and market share for the fourth quarter and the full year. Higher credit market volatility during the quarter caused an increase in overall credit market volumes. It was gratifying to see the increase in estimated market share and the growth of Open Trading activity on MarketAxess during this period of greater market volatility," said Richard M. McVey, Chairman and CEO of MarketAxess. "Our momentum in Europe continues with the announcement last week of our launch of Open Trading solutions for European credit products along with the expansion of our strategic alliance with BlackRock to promote new liquidity solutions."
Total revenues for the fourth quarter of 2014 increased 16.1% to a record $70.2 million, compared to $60.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2013. Pre-tax income was a record $33.5 million, compared to $24.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2013, an increase of 35.0%. Pre-tax margin was 47.7%, compared to 41.0% for the fourth quarter of 2013. Net income totaled $21.6 million, or $0.57 per share on a diluted basis, compared to $15.5 million, or $0.41 per share for the fourth quarter of 2013.
Commission revenue for the fourth quarter of 2014 increased 19.7% to a record $60.4 million, compared to $50.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2013. Variable transaction fees increased 28.4% to $44.1 million on total trading volume of $211.4 billion for the fourth quarter of 2014, compared to variable transaction fees of $34.4 million on total trading volume of $171.3 billion for the fourth quarter of 2013. U.S. high-grade trading volume as a percentage of FINRA's high-grade TRACE trading volume increased to an estimated 16.1% on an adjusted basis, compared to an estimated 13.9% for the fourth quarter of 2013. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Items below for further information on FINRA TRACE volume and U.S. high-grade market share.
All other revenue, which consists of information and post-trade services, technology products and services, investment income and other revenue, decreased to $9.8 million, compared to $10.0 million for the fourth quarter of 2013.
Total expenses for the fourth quarter of 2014 increased 2.9% to $36.7 million, compared to $35.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2013. The increase in total expenses was principally due to higher employee compensation and benefits costs of $2.6 million, offset by lower professional and consulting fees of $1.5 million.
The effective tax rate for the fourth quarter of 2014 was 35.4%, compared to 37.6% for the fourth quarter of 2013. The fourth quarter 2014 income tax provision includes a benefit for certain tax credits enacted into law in December 2014 amounting to approximately $0.4 million, or $0.01 per diluted share.
Employee headcount from continuing operations was 303 as of December 31, 2014, compared to 293 as of December 31, 2013.
Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased 10.1% to a record $262.8 million, compared to $238.7 million for 2013. Pre-tax income was a record $118.5 million, compared to $107.3 million for 2013, an increase of 10.5%. Pre-tax margin was 45.1%, compared to 44.9% for 2013. Net income totaled $74.8 million, or $1.97 per share on a diluted basis, compared to $68.6 million, or $1.81 per share for 2013.
Commission revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased 8.6% to $221.1 million, compared to $203.7 million for 2013. Variable transaction fees increased 9.8% to $156.2 million on total trading volume of $767.0 billion, compared to variable transaction fees of $142.3 million on total trading volume of $693.7 billion for 2013.
All other revenue increased 18.7% to $41.6 million, compared to $35.1 million for 2013. The increase in all other revenue was principally due to the inclusion of a full year of results in 2014 from Xtrakter Limited ("Xtrakter"), which was acquired on February 28, 2013.
Total expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased 9.7% to $144.2 million, compared to $131.5 million for 2013. The increase in total expenses was principally due to higher employee compensation and benefits costs of $10.6 million and depreciation and amortization of $3.3 million. The overall expense increase reflects the inclusion of a full year of operating expenses in 2014 from Xtrakter.
Capital spending for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $14.8 million compared to $23.3 million in 2013. The higher capital spending in 2013 reflected the build-out of a new data center and office space in London.
The effective tax rate for 2014 was 36.9%, compared to 36.1% for 2013. The 2013 income tax provision includes benefits for certain 2012 tax credits enacted into law in 2013 and a catch-up tax benefit associated with the domestic production activities deduction amounting to approximately $1.5 million, or $0.04 per diluted share.
The Company's board of directors declared an increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.20 per share of common stock outstanding, to be paid on February 26, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 12, 2015.
A total of 192,000 shares were repurchased in the fourth quarter of 2014 at a cost of $12.5 million under the Company's $100.0 million share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2014, approximately $62.0 million was available for future repurchases under the program.
As of December 31, 2014, total assets were $379.9 million and included $233.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale. Total stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2014 was $334.2 million.
The Company expects total expenses for 2015 to be in the range of $153.0 million to $159.0 million and its full year 2015 capital spending to be in the range of $14.0 million to $17.0 million. The Company also anticipates that the overall effective tax rate for 2015 will be between 36% and 38%.
To supplement the Company's unaudited financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), the Company uses certain non-GAAP measures of financial performance, including earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). The Company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken into consideration with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, are important in understanding the Company's operating results. See the attached schedule for a reconciliation of GAAP to these non-GAAP financial measures.
For purposes of calculating U.S. high-grade estimated market share, FINRA TRACE volumes have been adjusted to eliminate the increased reporting of affiliate back-to-back trade to FINRA beginning in April 2014 and the inclusion of 144A securities beginning in July 2014. Based on information provided by FINRA, the Company believes that adjusted FINRA TRACE volumes provide a more accurate comparison to prior period reporting. The Company has provided a reconciliation of U.S. high-grade TRACE volumes to the adjusted U.S. high-grade TRACE volumes on the "Investor Relations-Volume" section of its website.
Richard M. McVey, chairman and chief executive officer, and Antonio L. DeLise, chief financial officer, will host a conference call to discuss the Company's financial results and outlook on Wednesday, January 28, 2015, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time. To access the conference call, please dial 855-425-4206 (U.S.) or 484-756-4249 (international). The Company will also host a live audio Webcast of the conference call on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website at http://investor.marketaxess.com. A replay of the call will be made available by dialing 855-859-2056 (U.S.) or 404-537-3406 (international) for one week after the announcement. The Webcast will also be archived on http://investor.marketaxess.com for 90 days following the announcement.
MarketAxess operates a leading electronic trading platform that enables fixed-income market participants to efficiently trade corporate bonds and other types of fixed-income instruments using MarketAxess' patented trading technology. Over 1,000 institutional investor and broker-dealer firms are active users of the MarketAxess trading platform, accessing global liquidity in U.S. high-grade corporate bonds, emerging markets and high-yield bonds, European bonds, U.S. agency bonds, credit default swaps and other fixed-income securities. MarketAxess SEF Corporation has received temporary registration from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission to operate a swap execution facility. MarketAxess also offers a number of trading-related products and services, including: market data to assist clients with trading decisions; connectivity solutions that facilitate straight-through processing; technology services to optimize trading environments; and execution services for exchange-traded fund managers and other clients. Through its Trax® division, MarketAxess also offers a range of pre- and post-trade services, including trade matching, regulatory transaction reporting and market and reference data, across a range of fixed-income products. Trax is the trading name of Xtrakter Ltd., a MarketAxess group company.
1 Expenses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 reflect an out-of-period adjustment related to the capitalization of certain employee costs previously expensed as incurred. The adjustment reduced employee compensation and benefits by $2.9 million and increased depreciation and amortization by $1.3 million. This item increased net income from continuing operations and diluted earnings per share by $1.0 million and $0.03, respectively, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013. | 2019-04-24T00:11:47Z | http://investor.marketaxess.com/news-releases/news-release-details/marketaxess-reports-fourth-quarter-2014-record-revenues-702 |
Born Louis Thomas Jordan, July 8, 1908, in Brinkley, AR; died from complications after a heart attack, February 4, 1975, in Los Angeles, CA; buried in Mt. Olive Cemetery, St. Louis, MO; son of Jim Jordan (a bandleader and music instructor); married Felice Ernestine Moore (divorced). Education: Attended Arkansas Baptist College.
At the height of his career in the 1940s, bandleader and alto saxophonist Louis Jordan scored 18 Number One hit records. In the tradition of Louis Armstrong and Fats Waller, Jordan exhibited a brilliant sense of showmanship that, as music critic Leonard Feather explained in his book The Jazz Years, brought audiences first-rate entertainment "without any loss of musical integrity." Jordan's jazz-based boogie shuffle rhythms laid the foundation for rhythm and blues, modern electric blues, and rockabilly music. Against the backdrop of house parties, fish frys, and corner grills, Jordan, who was black, performed songs that appealed to millions of black and white listeners. Able to "straddle the fence" between these two audiences, Jordan emerged as one of the first successful crossover artists of American popular music.
Born on July 8, 1908, in Brinkley, Arkansas, Jordan was the son of Jim Jordan, a bandleader and music teacher. Under the tutelage of his father, Jordan began studying clarinet at age seven. After spotting a saxophone in a music store window, however, he "ran errands all over Brinkley" until he could raise the money to purchase the instrument. While on summer vacation at the age of 15, Jordan landed his first gig, with Ruby "Tuna Boy" Williams's Belvedere Orchestra, at the Green Gables in Hot Springs, Arkansas. His first professional engagement was with Fat Chappelle's Rabbit Foot Minstrels, playing clarinet and dancing throughout the South. At Arkansas Baptist College in Little Rock, Jordan majored in music and played on the school baseball team. After school he played local dates with Jimmy Pryor's Imperial Serenaders.
Moving to Philadelphia in 1930, Jordan worked with trumpeter Charlie Gaines's orchestra and tuba player Jim Winters's band. Two years later, Jordan traveled to New York with Gaines's group, where he took part in a recording session with pianist Clarence Williams's band. In New York he briefly worked with the bands of Kaiser Marshall and drummer Joe Marshall. His most important job, though, came in 1936 when he joined drummer Chick Webb's orchestra--a 13-piece ensemble that featured singer Ella Fitzgerald. A small, "hunch-backed" man whose physical deformity nonetheless failed to hinder his inventive drumming talent, Webb hired Jordan as a singer, sideman, and announcer. In 1937 Jordan recorded his first vocal with Webb's band, a song titled "Gee, But You're Swell." During his stint with Webb, Jordan developed his skills as a frontman. "Louis would go out and just break up the show," recalled former bandmember Garvin Bushell in his autobiography Jazz From the Beginning. "Nobody could follow him."
In the summer of 1938, Jordan left Webb's orchestra to form his own, nine-piece, band; although Jordan enjoyed performing as part of large jazz ensembles, he embarked on a career as a bandleader and more general entertainer. "I wanted to play for the people, for millions, not just a few hep cats," explained Jordan in Arnold Shaw's Honkers and Shouters. Billing himself as "Bert Williams," Jordan played shows at the Elk's Rendezvous at 44 Lenox Avenue, in Harlem. His long residency at the club eventually prompted him to name his group the Elk's Rendezvous Band. After playing various club dates on 52nd Street, he booked his band at proms and dances at Yale University and Amherst College. In 1939, this group recorded several sides for the Decca label.
That December, after changing the name of his band to the Tympany Five, Jordan reduced the size of the unit to six members (later it would number seven or eight). Invited to open for the Mills Brothers at the Capitol Theater in Chicago, Jordan played a ten-minute spot during the intermission between the featured performances. In no time, Jordan's energetic stage presence began to draw larger crowds than the headline acts, so Capitol's management decided to lengthen his performance to half an hour.
But the real turning point in Jordan's career came when he performed at a small "beer joint" called the Fox Head Tavern in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Distanced from the demanding crowds of Chicago and New York, Jordan found he was freer to experiment with new material. At the Fox Head he assembled a large repertoire of blues and novelty songs. On his return to the Capitol Theater, Jordan became a sensation. In January of 1942 he hit the charts with a rendition of the blues standard "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town."
From 1942 Jordan was rarely absent from the Harlem Hit Parade. Over the following ten years he recorded more than 54 rhythm and blues best-sellers. Material for his band came from a number of black and white songwriters. As Jordan's manager, Berle Adams, told Honkers and Shouters author Shaw, "When we found something we liked, an arrangement would be made up, and we'd play it on one-nighters. The songs the public asked for again and again were the songs we recorded." Jordan soon produced a stream of hits, including "What's the Use of Getting Sober (When You're Gonna Get Drunk Again)," "Five Guys Named Moe," and "G.I. Jive," a boogie number intended for the entertainment of troops fighting in World War II.
Aside from the universal appeal of his material, the key to Jordan's success lay in his tight organization and the use of talented arrangers such as pianists Wild Bill Davis and Bill Dogget. Though he exhibited a casual manner, Jordan was a serious bandleader who demanded that his outfit be well dressed and thoroughly rehearsed. In An Autobiography of Black Jazz, saxophonist Eddie Johnson described how Jordan's penchant for "neatness" led him to require his band to "look right even down to their shoes." Jordan furnished bandmembers with six or seven uniforms, which displayed a post-zoot-suit style with multicolor designs.
In the mid-1940s, Jordan's Tympany Five drew thousands of listeners to white nightclubs and black theaters. Traveling by car caravan, the band toured constantly, playing shows at venues like Billy Berg's Swing Club in Hollywood, the Oriental Theatre in Chicago, the Apollo in Harlem, and the Paradise Theatre in Detroit. In black movie houses, Jordan's releases were featured in film shorts, many of which became so popular that the regular features often received second billing. Around this time Jordan also appeared in several motion pictures, including Meet Miss Bobby Socks, Swing Parade of 1946, and Beware, which was advertised as "the first truly great all-colored musical feature."
After World War II, when the big bands began to disappear, Jordan's small combo continued to find commercial success. "With my little band, I did everything they did with a big band. I made the blues jump," Jordan explained in Honkers and Shouters. The band became so popular, in fact, that Jordan toured with such sought-after opening acts as Dinah Washington, Ruth Brown, Sarah Vaughan, and Sister Rosetta Tharpe. Following his 1945 million-seller "Caldonia," Jordan and the Tympany Five continued to score hits, among them "Beware Brother Beware," "Boogie Woogie Blue Plate," "Nobody Here But Us Chickens," and "Open the Door Richard," a song adapted from a black vaudeville comedy routine popularized during the 1930s and '40s. In 1950, Jordan recorded a cover version of "(I'll Be Glad When You're Dead) You Rascal You" with trumpeter-singer Louis Armstrong.
The following year Jordan changed course, disbanding the Tympany Five and forming a 16-piece big band. But this group did not live up to the sound or favor of the earlier unit. On leaving the Decca label in 1954, Jordan largely lost the steady stream of material, sidemen, and producers that had helped him maintain his national celebrity. Determined to keep up with the burgeoning rhythm and blues market, however, he signed with West Coast-based Aladdin Records. But after failing to score commercially, he moved to RCA's Victor X subsidiary. In the meanwhile, Jordan had recorded for more than a dozen labels in the U.S., including Mercury, Warwick, Tangerine, Pzazz, and Blue Spectrum. Despite his persistence, Jordan faced a new record-buying public dominated by teenagers who demanded rock 'n' roll lyrics, idol images, and heavy back-beat rhythms.
Health problems eventually forced Jordan to retire from one-night stands, which required that he drive hundreds of miles across the country. In 1946 he bought a home in Phoenix, Arizona, where he stayed for 18 years; he moved to Los Angeles in the early 1960s. During this period he devoted his time to playing occasional month-long engagements in Phoenix, Las Vegas, and New York. On a tour of England in 1962, Jordan performed and recorded with the Chris Barbers band. Two years later, he reformed the Tympany Five to appear at show lounges and music festivals. His performances in the Near East in 1967 and 1968 received enthusiastic responses. At the 1973 Newport Jazz Festival, too, crowds gave him a warm reception.
In October of 1974, Jordan suffered a heart attack while performing in Sparks, Nevada. After entering St. Mary's Hospital in Reno, he returned home to Los Angeles, where he died on February 4, 1975. His body was flown to St. Louis for burial at Mt. Olive Cemetery.
In 1987 Jordan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Though many had forgotten his contributions to popular music over the intervening years, this honor paid tribute to one of the performers most responsible for the development of rhythm and blues and rock and roll. As trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie related in his autobiography To Be or Not to Bop, "Rock n' roll had been with us a long time" and "Louis Jordan had been playing it long before Elvis Presley." Jordan helped shape the careers of rock and roll pioneers Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Bill Haley, and countless others, though his music would later become obscured by evolving trends. In 1990 Jordan's work was celebrated in the hit stage production Five Guys Named Moe, a rollicking look at a man whose "whole theory of life" was to make audiences "smile or laugh." With the many reissues of Jordan's music on compact disc, one need only listen to realize the lasting sincerity of his commitment.
Began clarinet study with father, c. 1915; switched to saxophone; performed with Ruby Williams's Belvedere Orchestra, Hot Springs, AK, c. 1923; toured with Fat Chappelle's Rabbit Foot Minstrels; performed with Charlie Gaines band, Philadelphia, 1930; performed with Kaiser Marshall and Joe Marshall bands, New York City; as singer, sideman, and announcer, joined Chick Webb Orchestra, 1936; formed Tympany Five (originally Elk's Rendevous Band), 1939; recorded "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town," 1942; disbanded Tympany Five to form big band, 1951; left Decca label to sign with Aladdin Records, 1954; continued to record for numerous labels; toured England, 1962, and Far East, 1967-68; performed at Newport Jazz Festival, 1973.
Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1987.
With Chick Webb and His Orchestra "Gee, But You're Swell," Decca, 1937.
Bing Crosby With Louis Jordan and His Band "(Yip Yip Hootie) My Baby Said Yes," Decca, 1944.
"Your Socks Don't Match," Decca, 1944.
Louis Jordan's Elk's Rendezvous Band "Honey in the Bee Ball," Decca, 1939.
Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five "Do You Call That a Buddy?," Decca, 1940.
"I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town," Decca, 1942.
"Five Guys Named Moe," Decca, 1943.
"Is You Is or Is You Ain't (My Baby)," Decca, 1944.
"Open the Door Richard," Decca, 1947.
"Saturday Night Fish Fry," Brunswick, 1949.
Other Louis Jordan's Greatest Hits, 1941-1947 1980.
Look Out! ... It's Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five Charly, 1985.
Just Say Moe! Mo' of the Best of Louis Jordan Rhino, 1992.
One Guy Named Louis: The Complete Aladdin Sessions 1992.
Jivin' With Jordan: Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five Charly.
Somebody Done Hoodooed the Hoodoo Man Jukebox.
Louis Jordan: Let the Good Times Roll Bear Family Records.
Five Guys Named Moe: Original Decca Recordings Vol. II.
Bushell, Garvin, Jazz From the Beginning: As Told to Mark Tucker, University of Michigan Press, 1988.
Chilton, John, Let the Good Times Roll: The Story of Louis Jordan and His Music, University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Feather, Leonard, The Jazz Years: Earwitness to an Era, Quartet Books, 1989.
(With Al Fraser) Gillespie, Dizzy, To Be or Not to Bop: Memoirs, Doubleday, 1979.
Rusch, Robert D., Jazztalk: The Cadence of Interviews, Lyle Stuart Inc., 1984.
Shaw, Arnold, Honkers and Shouters: The Golden Years of Rhythm and Blues, Collier, 1978.
Simon, George T., The Big Bands, Schirmer, 1981.
Tosches, Nick, Unsung Heroes of Rock n' Roll, Scribner's, 1984.
Travis, Dempsey J., An Autobiography of Black Jazz, Urban Research Institute, 1983.
Periodicals Down Beat, March 27, 1975.
Additional information for this profile was obtained from liner notes by Peter Grendysa to Just Say Moe! Mo' of the Best of Louis Jordan, Rhino Records, 1992. | 2019-04-20T18:32:50Z | https://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608000975/Louis-Jordan.html |
What is a princess party? We come to you dressed to the nine’s in fun, frilly princess attire and bring games, music, art, crafts and other activities that introduce your child to music, movement, listening skills, creative development and more! In short, we create a simple, smashing success of a party that is fantastic fun for both kids and parents alike!
Are you Disney Princesses? No. We offer themed character entertainment based off of classic beloved fairy tales.
What characters do you offer? The Ice Queen & Winter Princess, Princess Sophia, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Princess Beauty, Rapunzel, Little Mermaid Princess (in fin dress or blue land dress), Snow White, Alice in Wonderland, Green Fairy Princess, Arabian Princess, Frog Princess, Ballerina Princess, Pinkalicious, Mary Poppins, Prince Character, Pirate Character.
Will you hold a date for my event? Due to our desire to give all of our clients the utmost attention and care, we don't do date holds, without a deposit being paid. We are looking forward to working with you, so just let us know when your date is firm and you're ready to book!
I don’t see anything that fits my party on your packages page? Now what? We want to help you find the perfect “glass slipper fit” for your party. Please email or call to tell us more about what you’re looking for. We are always happy to provide a customized quote based on your party specifics.
How does the flow of your visit go? Our entertainers will arrive 15 minutes prior to your desired start time to change into costume. They arrive with all the necessary materials for your chosen activities and will be fully costumed ready to enter the party right on time! We begin with a “getting to know you circle time” to break the ice and loosen up any shy guests. From there we will begin the first activity. Based on your choices – we put together a customized “glass slipper” fit based on the size of your group and party space. Our overall goal is to keep guests engaged as much as possible! So cutting down on waiting time is key. Often with two character parties you will see one princess doing sparkling makeovers while another leads a group craft and we’ll all join back up together once we’re through for the next fun activity! Our hour wraps up with about 5 minutes to take any photos you may want or to sing happy birthday etc.
How do you fit so much into only an hour? I don’t want to feel rushed. Every party is different, just as all children react differently to live entertainers. While we work on a timeline, our main goal is to create an enjoyable, energetic experience for the children. If necessary we might improvise or modify an activity to facilitate maximum enjoyment and comfort. In other words, we go with the flow. We also kept this in mind when structuring our packages which is why you will notice there are maximums on the amount of children per package. If your party exceeds these numbers we require an additional performer or may direct you to the next package up. By keeping our child to performer ratios low – we are able to ensure that every child feels they’ve spent adequate time with the characters and we, as entertainers, are able to ensure the party keeps moving and everyone stays engaged for the full hour! Of course if you would like to add additional time we are able to offer that as well! Just take a look at our a la carte options at the bottom of the packages page.
So the princess is fine handling all the kids for an hour? I’m thinking of hosting the adults in a separate area during this. Adult guests are expected to supervise their children. While your entertainers strive to offer a picture perfect entertainment package, they are not there to babysit nor discipline unruly or overexcited children. If a child is acting out and being disruptive during a party, your entertainer may politely ask you or another adult to remove them from the group until they are ready to re-join. Also, a lot of our activities such as sing alongs, story time, and crafting are a wonderful chance for parents to participate with kids and the princesses! Not mention ADORABLE photo ops :) Thank you for your understanding in advance!
Do you provide dress up clothing? New York Princess Party does not provide dress up clothes for sanitary reasons. However, we invite you to encourage children to come in full royal regalia!!
Do you have your own party space? No. We come to you!
Will you come to a restaurant, the park, or other venues? Yes! Please just let the venue you know you will be expecting a character entertainer as one of your guests. We also have many preferred vendor relationships throughout NYC. Take a look at our affiliates page! Our business is covered by general liability, but if a day of insurance policy is required by the event space, we will add the cost of the policy into your package.
How much space do you need? We’ve performed in all kinds of places throughout NYC and strive to adapt our activities to your space. Ideally, enough floor room for everyone to sit in a circle together is ideal. We like to conduct a lot of our activities in a circle time-style atmosphere.
What is your service area? Please read the next section carefully to determine if your event location is within our service area. We serve Manhattan: below 116th Street. Brooklyn: Dumbo, Downtown Brooklyn, Fort Greene, Clinton Hill, Prospect Heights, Park Slope, Cobble Hill, Carroll Gardens, and West Williamsburg. Queens: Long Island City, Astoria, Roosevelt Island.
Our princesses will travel outside of the service areas listed; however, these parties are subject to a transportation fee. Fees for parties held within New York City limits range from $25-$75/performer. All parties outside of city limits are considered “Out of town” and transportation fees are $100/performer. All “out of town” parties are booked on a case by case basis and all entertainers must be picked up and dropped off at the train station, or provided additional taxi/car fare. Parties not located near any public transportation are priced on a case by case basis depending on the cost of a car service or rental.
When should I have my princess arrive? What we see most often that works very well is to have the princess(es) enter 15-30 minutes after your party start time. This allows for any late comers to not miss out as well as kids a chance to settle in. Once our hour of entertainment comes to a close it’s also a nice option to be able to lead the kids to either food or cake. It lends a nice distraction for an easy exit after the princess(es) bid farewell.
What happens if my performer is late?
We do everything in our power to provide prompt start times and pride ourselves on our punctuality. You can expect your performer(s) to arrive to your event location 15-20 minutes prior to their entrance times. However; as we New Yorkers know, traversing the city can sometimes provide its own unique challenges. In the rare case that your performer(s) must make a late entrance to your party, they, or our admin staff will immediately be in touch with you regarding an updated arrival time. Your performers will also do everything in their power to stay the full time purchased from their updated entrance time. External factors beyond our control (mass transit incidents, car accidents etc.) which delay the entrance of a performer by 30 minutes or less does not guarantee a refund and we appreciate our client's understanding and cooperation in this matter!
I’m ready to book my party! Now what? Please fill out our online booking form – located here! This allows us to capture all of your reservation details in one place. From there we reserve your performer(s) and contact you directly to confirm all your reservation details as well as provide your final party quote including tax and any other fees that may apply.
When is payment due? To complete your booking, payment is due upon receipt of your party invoice, unless your party is more than 60 days away. Parties that are booked more than 60 days in advance require a 50% deposit to book and your remaining balance is due 30 days before your event. For further questions, feel free to contact us.
Why do you collect payment in full before the party? This policy was developed to ensure the safety and protection of our performers. By doing this, we are able to protect them from carrying large amounts of cash around NYC after a party, possibly forgetting payment or receiving delayed or partial payments.
How do you collect payment? We collect payment securely through PayPal. PayPal is a highly trusted 3rd party processor which allows you to maintain the privacy of your payment details. If you’ve ever made purchases on Amazon or other similar sites you are probably familiar with the process! Providing credit card numbers over the phone or through email is not secure and we will not process payments that way. We are however more than happy to assist you with using PayPal and answering any questions for you. You can also learn more about them here.
What is service tax on my invoice? Why am I paying that? Since we are a company that offers a service, we charge all our clients service tax to cover our NY state tax business tax at the end of the year. Many vendors don’t separate it on invoices and instead lump it unseen into their flat fees. We separate it on invoices to allow us better organization as a company at the end of the year.
Do I tip my princess(es)? All of our lovely professional performers are paid a flat rate by the company without gratuity. If you feel you would like to tip your performer(s) for a job well done, please feel free to do so in cash directly to them!
All parties performed are nonrefundable. If you cancel your party up to 48 hours before your date, we will issue you a refund, minus a $50 cancellation fee. A cancellation of your party less than 48 hours before your date will incur a $100 cancellation fee. Clients may reschedule their party at no extra charge if we have availability. External factors beyond our control which delay the entrance of a performer by 30 minutes or less does not guarantee a refund. We do everything in our power to provide prompt start times and pride ourselves on our punctuality. However, traversing NYC provides its own unique challenges. We appreciate our client's understanding and cooperation! Clients will be refunded 100% of their payment in the extremely rare event that New York Princess Party has to cancel an event on an emergency basis. | 2019-04-24T06:13:02Z | http://www.nyprincessparty.com/faq.html |
Lotus president Jeff Papows is going to have a lot of explaining to do.
Jeffrey Papows cuts a colorful figure in the software world-blunt-spoken, dynamic, ready for action. As president of IBM's Lotus Development Corp. unit, he is charged with fighting off mighty Microsoft, and to do it he will jet across the world at a moment's notice to woo a customer or don the garb of an aviator or martial artist in a promotional stunt.
Some colleagues and customers say they are especially wowed by what the 45-year-old Papows has told them about his life -- his rise from orphan to daring Marine flier who burst an eardrum training for the Gulf War and who once saved himself and a buddy by hurling a live grenade out of a trench.
And by his generosity: Some colleagues tell of being moved as Papows told of aiding the widow of a flier who died ejecting from a disabled F-4 Phantom jet in which he and Mr. Papows were flying.
Adding to the impressive package is the Ph.D. from Pepperdine University, to say nothing of the black belt in tae kwon do.
But when the stories of Papows's credentials and derring-do are subjected to scrutiny, some problems arise. The Marine Corps says Papows was an air-traffic controller. He never served as an aviator, it says after a thorough search of military records.
The records show, too, that he left the Marines as a first lieutenant, not as a captain, the rank shown on a 1997 Papows resume.
Papows's doctorate isn't from Pepperdine. It is from an unaccredited correspondence school. He doesn't have a tae kwon do black belt.
Nor was he orphaned. His parents live a short distance from his home in Massachusetts.
When asked about these discrepancies, Papows denies ever telling most of the stories colleagues and customers say they recall, such as that he was an orphan or held a Pepperdine doctorate. People must have misunderstood, he says. Some of it he calls "water-cooler legend" spread by colleagues who wanted him to be more of a hero than he really was.
Part of it he takes responsibility for. "I could have managed the water-cooler legend down more aggressively," he says. He allows that he may have let colleagues believe he was a Marine fighter-plane pilot, in order to motivate them. "I in some senses am guilty of exaggerating and embellishing for a purpose from a business standpoint," he says.
Though not a pilot, he adds, he was a Marine aviator, serving as a back-seat radar-intercept officer in the two-seat F-4 Phantom. "I was an R.I.O. I did fly. I was qualified, and I'm proud of it," he says.
But when told the Marines have no record that he was ever an aviator at all, Papows reduces his estimate of time spent in the air from a couple of thousand hours to probably less than "several hundred." Asked why the military has no record of him flying, he hesitates and says, "I don't think you'd find a big paper trail." Asked the names of some people he flew with, he says he can't recall any.
Does it matter? After all, Papows is an executive of undeniable accomplishments. He leads a unit with $1.4 billion in annual sales, which is up 30% from when he began helping run Lotus in 1995 after its takeover by International Business Machines Corp. Before Lotus, he helped turn around two software companies.
But Papows's military persona isn't immaterial. It has been an element in his business success. It has helped him win a promotion, a job recommendation and sales for Lotus. Three military units have purchased Lotus software after officers met with Papows and, they say, were pleased to hear about his military background.
It "gave us confidence," says Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Wilkerson, former commander of the Marine Corps Reserve, who increased purchases of Lotus Notes after meeting Papows. "Jeff was a Phantom driver just like me."
IBM declines to comment on whether it has knowledge of any fabrications by Papows, and if so, whether it has taken any action. But soon after Papows was elevated to co-head of Lotus in 1995, IBM officials had warnings.
Richard Eckel, former chief spokesman for Lotus, says he told IBM (NYSE:IBM) Senior Vice President David Kalis in October 1995 that IBM should look into Papows's education claims. And two former Lotus managers say a Lotus personnel executive warned IBM software chief John Thompson and IBM human-resources chief J. Thomas Bouchard to be careful about Papows's statements about his military background and the source of his Ph.D.
IBM didn't make Messrs. Kalis, Thompson or Bouchard available for comment.
Papows grew up in Gloucester, Mass., where his father was a carpenter. Fond of horses, he spent a lot of time riding and learning to play polo. He paid for his riding time by caring for the horses and cleaning out stalls, says a relative.
Papows, a muscular man of short stature, attended a military college, Norwich University in Northfield, Vt., and in 1976 was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marines. His record shows he took air-traffic-control training at 29 Palms, a base in California, and was sent to a Marine air base in Beaufort, S.C. He was promoted to first lieutenant and finished his service at that rank in 1979, according to the records.
So why the "captain" entry on a resume? Papows says he was promoted to captain just as he left the service.
When told that Marine records show otherwise, he says he had been selected to become a captain before leaving active duty and assumed this meant he could use the higher rank. "Maybe my ignorance in not understanding the difference" is to blame, he says.
Beginning a civilian career, Papows hung onto military imagery, using it to motivate people. As a manager at Software International Corp., a General Electric Co. unit in Andover, Mass., he sometimes invoked the film "Top Gun," which he said he had seen many times and which he once took his staff to see. He urged workers to view software sales as an aerial dogfight, and he rewarded some with a Top Gun plaque.
It seemed to work: Revenue in his unit rose almost fivefold in his three years there.
One day, Papows arrived at work with two black eyes and stitches on his cheeks, says Paula Legg, a colleague at the time. According to her and to another co-worker there, Patty Lehan, Papows explained that he had been hurt when a military jet in which he was training the night before went into a tailspin.
Asked about this, Papows says that the black eyes were probably from his martial-arts hobby. He denies ever telling of going into a tailspin while flying.
Legg also says that around 1988, after Papows had left the firm, he called her, distraught, saying he had been in a terrible accident while flying in the Marine reserves. "He said, 'I'm all right, but we had to eject and the guy in the back seat didn't make it,' " Legg says, describing an incident similar to one in "Top Gun" in which Tom Cruise's planemate is killed while ejecting.
Legg, who says she regards Papows as a mentor and admires him, says that a few weeks later, she received in the mail a plaque, ostensibly from Papows's commanding officer in the Marine reserves, in recognition of her support of Papows during the difficult time. She and two other former colleagues of Papows say that years later, he told them that every month, he was sending an anonymous check to the widow of his fellow flier.
In an interview, Papows says he never told anyone about "any incident where anybody died."
Frances Wheeler, who also worked for Papows at Software International, says that one day while they were discussing his interest in horses, she asked him if his parents had taught him to ride. "He said he had no parents, and that he had been raised in living quarters in a stable," says Wheeler, now a public-relations consultant. Two other ex-colleagues say they, too, recall his telling this story.
Papows says they must have misunderstood. He says he did spend a lot of time at a stable as a child but never told anyone he had lost his parents.
Lehan, who like Legg thinks of Papows as a mentor, says, "I wish there wasn't all the B.S. If he were only comfortable and confident with who he is, it would be much easier, because he is very good."
Papows's next employer was Cullinet Software Inc. Its founder, John J. Cullinane, says Papows was an exceptionally hard worker who pulled many all-nighters. But he occasionally said he had to head off for reserve duty, Cullinane says -- and donned a military flight suit before leaving the office. The Marines, however, say Papows never was in the active reserves. When interviewed in February, Papows said he was. Then, in an April interview, he said he wasn't -- and had never told anyone he was.
Cullinane says that when his firm was taken over in 1989, he helped Papows land a job at Cognos Inc. in Ottawa, recommending him because of his tenacity and his military valor. "He's the best our military has to offer," Cullinane recalls saying.
At Cognos, Papows kept a flight suit hanging from the back of his door and a bronze flight stick on his desk. At a 1990 sales event, he showed a video of a fighter plane attacking competitors. "It was quite effective," says Terry Hall, now Cognos's head of sales.
When the plane landed, the hatch opened to reveal Papows in the cockpit. Stenciled on the side of the jet was "Maj. Jeff Papows, USMC." The video's producer says he shot the scene by sitting Papows in a stationary jet.
Some Cognos colleagues also say Papows used to play an audio tape with radio voices and say it was a recording of him ejecting from a fighter plane. Papows denies ever playing such a tape.
Michael U. Potter, a former Cognos chief executive officer, says he promoted Papows to president in 1990 in part because his military persona made him an effective motivator.
But months later, Potter says, Papows said his Marine reserve unit might be deployed to the Persian Gulf and he might have to go. Potter says he scrambled to come up with a contingency plan to help run the company in its president's absence. But shortly thereafter, according to the former CEO and other executives, Papows arrived to work one day with a dramatic tale: He wouldn't be going to the Gulf after all because the night before, he had been doing flight training off the Atlantic coast and had ruptured an eardrum while "pulling some G's" in a complicated maneuver. They say he told him that his doctor had previously said flying could aggravate an old hearing injury, but that he flew anyway to serve his country.
Potter says he was moved, and at a sales event gave a speech honoring Papows as someone "who paid a price to do his duty." He gave Papows a $10,000 check to be donated to the families of U.S. soldiers who died in the Gulf War.
Papows confirms having been praised in the speech and handed a check, but denies that he ever told anyone he had been training for the Gulf War. He blames this notion on workplace legend.
But Potter and two other former colleagues say they recall Papows telling another story of his exploits: Papows and another Marine were in a trench and discovered a live grenade; Papows hurled it out, saving both of their lives but suffering a badly wounded shoulder. Among those who say they remember hearing Papows tell this story is Robert K. Weiler, a former head of sales and marketing at Lotus.
Asked about it, Papows says they must have misunderstood him; the incident didn't occur in the Marines or involve a grenade. Instead, while he was in military college, an artillery simulator exploded nearby. For years, shrapnel would come out "when I combed my hair," he says, and his wife collected it in a bowl. But Stephen Looke, a close friend of Papows in college and the Marines who is now the university's assistant athletic director, says that Papows suffered only a minor cut in the incident.
Renato Zambonini, who worked under Papows at Cognos and is now that company's CEO, says, "Jeff was always looking to make a story more interesting. Some people like the big stories. It was part of him."
In early 1993, Papows, having been pressed to leave Cognos over a personnel matter, landed a job at Lotus Development. He was put in charge of Notes, then a nascent product. He helped build a network of outside developers that would customize, sell and service Notes. His efforts helped boost sales greatly by the time of IBM's takeover of Lotus in July 1995. IBM made him co-president of Lotus in 1995 and sole president in 1996.
Papows's jet-fighter stories gave him "credibility with the techno-geeks" of the software world, says Don DePalma, a former analyst with Forrester Research who now heads a start-up e-commerce consulting firm in Chelmsford, Mass. Papows told him he was a skilled pilot of F-18 fighter planes, still regularly flew with the military and "had an 86% intercept rate" in war games, DePalma says. In the high-tech world, he adds, "Anybody who flies an expensive piece of metal is going to ... have credibility."
While in the Marines, Papows earned a master's degree from Pepperdine, which is in Malibu, Calif., but offers courses at some military bases. But Weiler and another ex-colleague say Papows told them he had a Ph.D. from Pepperdine.
After an anonymous tip questioned this, Lotus's personnel chief sought assurances from Papows that he really had a Pepperdine Ph.D., and received them, say people familiar with the matter.
Papows says in an interview that he has never claimed a Pepperdine Ph.D. He says he is proud of the doctorate he got in 1985 from California Coast University, the unaccredited correspondence school. "It ain't Harvard, but I busted my a__ to get it," Papows says.
In 1995, after the Marine reserves won congressional approval to build an Internet network for its members, they looked at Notes and Microsoft Corp.'s Exchange. Gen. Wilkerson, then the reserves' commander, favored Exchange but yielded to his staff's preference for Notes. He went to see Papows, and he says that as soon as the Lotus executive told about his days as an F-4 pilot, their "friendship was immediate and strong." Gen. Wilkerson says Mr. Papows also talked of his tae kwon do skills. "It's no secret that he's a black belt," he says.
Partly on the general's recommendation, the Marine reserves decided to buy about 10,000 additional copies of Notes, raising the total to 15,000. Gen. Wilkerson says Papows's military past "made a difference" in this decision.
Gen. Wilkerson retired last year and became head of a unit of MBIA Inc. in Armonk, N.Y., where he hopes to switch the messaging system to Lotus Notes.
Papows said this month that he is "very certain" he never told a customer about either flying in the military or practicing martial arts.
Notes enthusiasm from the Marine reserves helped persuade the Marine Corps to take a look at the Lotus product and place a trial order. Marine Maj. Gen. D.A. Richwine met with Mr. Papows, and says the executive recounted his days as an aviator. The general says Mr. Papows's military background was one reason the Corps later decided to increase its spending on Notes tenfold to about $10 million. "It's always easier to work with someone who knows the military," he says.
And last year the Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command ordered 4,000 copies of Notes. Rear Adm. John Gauss, who made the decision, says a meeting with Papows, during which "he told me he was once in the Marine Corps as a pilot," left him feeling good about the Lotus president's "personal characteristics... . I find Jeff a man of integrity."
When first interviewed this February, Mr. Papows said that while a Marine in the 1970s, he began flying regularly in the F-4, after training that covered "how to eject ... and how not to get sick as often." He also had a brief tour of duty on an aircraft carrier, he said, and after leaving the service flew for a time in the Marine reserves.
But Marine Corps officials say his records make no mention of flight training, carrier duty or service in the active reserves. "There is absolutely nothing that indicates that he was a captain or on a plane, either as a pilot or in the plane," says Doris Piriak, of the Marine Corps Personnel Management Support Branch in Quantico, Va. "He was an air-traffic controller. That's it."
Told of these records in an interview this month, Mr. Papows says he did receive formal flight training. "I got backseat qualified," he says. He adds that his primary responsibility was as "an air-defense control officer" but that he did "some minority of flight" time as a radar-intercept officer.
In 1997, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Fla., decided to give Papows an honorary doctorate after hearing that he was a former Marine flier, says Steven M. Sliwa, the university's president at the time. Embry-Riddle asked Papows to give the commencement speech. Lotus faxed it a resume for Papows, which called him a former Marine captain and radar-information officer for F-4 Phantoms.
Embry-Riddle listed those credentials in its news release and also said Papows had been Massachusetts tae kwon do champion for two of the past three years. That was based on a separate fax from Papows, says Lisa Ledewitz, the university's head of communications.
Tae kwon do officials who organized the state championships in 1995 and 1996 say they can't find any record of his entering, although his son competed in 1995. Papows says he can't recall whether he competed in those years or whether he told Embry-Riddle he was a champion. "I don't run around promoting my martial-arts hobby," he says.
But he sometimes said he had a tae kwon do black belt, according to several people, such as Patricia Ratulangi of Ogilvy Worldwide, who has served as a publicist for a book he wrote. What he has is a red belt, a lower level. In an interview, Papows says he does have a black belt in another martial-arts discipline, Shotakan. He says he earned it in the 1970s but can't recall his trainer's name.
According to the transcript of his speech at Embry-Riddle, Papows referred to himself as "a fighter jock, M.B.A.-type," and said he had been "assigned to a classified mission out of the country" in his last three months in the Marine Corps. Asked about this, he at first denied having said he was on a classified mission. When told of the transcript, he said he had chosen a "bad term" in calling it classified. Actually, he said, he was out of the country "for a few days" looking for jobs, though he can't remember where.
Sliwa, the former Embry-Riddle president, recently became CEO of Colt's Manufacturing Co. in Hartford, Conn. Colt's has placed a small order for Notes, and Sliwa says he favors installing it across the company, partly because of his favorable impression of Mr. Papows.
Sliwa likes to retell a story he says Mr. Papows told him, about making fun of Bill Gates and prompting the Microsoft chief to storm off a stage. Papows denies ever telling such a story.
But he did relate another Gates tale. In January, he told a roomful of Lotus business partners of how Mr. Gates had twice tried to reach him at home, but was stymied when Papows's young daughter took the calls and said she wasn't allowed to tell strangers where her father was. "This is actually a true story," Papows told the Lotus gathering.
Asked about this, he says someone from Microsoft called and he assumed it was Gates. Though not sure, he adds, he told the customers it was Gates because he thought this would amuse them.
Airlines ban cell phones -- but why? | 2019-04-21T06:45:28Z | https://www.zdnet.com/article/background-of-lotus-chief-under-fire/ |
Galaxy S III owners should keep an eye out for an incoming software update bringing your device up to Android 4.1.1 baseband T999UVDLJC. This update will bring “security enhancements and an improved user experience” according to T-Mobile’s support documents. Unfortunately, there isn’t a lot of detail on the “improved user experience” and what exactly is improved. Regardless, the update is coming via a OTA (over-the-air) update beginning today or you can attempt a manual update via Samsung’s Kies software on your desktop.
If you notice any changes, drop word below and we’ll update the post.
Wow, I got the update before the article even came out! It was already waiting for me when I woke up around 6:30 this morning…but of course, it was complaining that it needed to be charged before it could go through with it lol.
IPv6, previously broken in T999UVDLJA, is now fixed in T999UVDLJC.
Absolutely not true. The current gs3 doesn’t not have the capability to run LTE, the hardware is simply not there. While the settings said LTE, the hardware isn’t there to support it. If anything you should be ashamed that you’re spewing ignorant comments and misleading others. People like you are the reason behind warning labels. Pity a barbarian like yourself has access to Internet.
It did remove the mention of lte from the mobile network settings.
I didn’t refute this, but what I wanted to clarify was that the phone simply doesn’t not have the HARDWARE to run LTE, so even though it said it briefly, it didn’t mean the phone was anymore LTE ready than it was the day before. If anything, it was removed to quell confusion. The only device as of now that is truly LTE ready is the note 2 which, yes, has the hardware to support LTE.
I get it. I was under the impression when I originally bought the phone (right after release) that it DID have the lte hardware and it would get enabled once they rolled out the network. Still sad about that.
Anyway, anyone know what this update does besides fixing ipv6?
if you’d look at the chip setting from at&t and verizon LTE galaxy S3 it is exactly the same as our T999 for T-Mobile…our phone does have the proper chip setting to run LTE and yes T-Mobile is blocking the feature with this security update.
Just because it has the same chip doesn’t mean it has the proper signal amplifiers to make it worthwhile.
it did have software/chip/frequency/wave length/spectre whatever you want to call it before but it will not after this update, it’s being turned off. until the newer GS3 LTE comes out and the 4.2 being rolled out then the LTE option “might” get unlocked again.
Ha, so I was told the right thing originally – the phone is capable.
After hearing that, why would I update then? None of what you said sounds beneficial!!
They fixed the IPv6 bug in this relase!
Unfortunately, no – IPv6 is still broken. You’ll be able to use the connection for a minute or two before it drops.
Mine just showed up in Kies.
I updated around 3am I was so happy I thought it was 4.1.2 r 4.2, and then I was sad….
That’s strange since I recieved 4.1.1 a month ago. T-mobile USA. Even friends on AT&T got it then. This article is dated January 31, 2013?
I suggest reading the full article before commenting.
Did you notice a radio update?
Has anyone successfully updated on a rooted phone?
So far, no… I un-rooted with Voodoo OTA Rootkeeper, checked that my flash counter was still at 0 (it is), rebooted, and the software updater still claims my device has been modified.
Yep, using “Triangle Away” and it’s “tracker” mode let the updater run without complaints. Re-rooted w/ Voodoo OTA Rootkeeper after updating.
guys does that have to do anything with the lte? and is samsng galaxy s3 provided by T-mobile lte ready?
The original Samsung Galaxy S3 is not an LTE ready device. it does not have the internal hardware to work. T-Mobile will be releasing a new version of the Galaxy S3 that will be LTE compatible soon.
It removed the Lte from the network options….
To share Photospheres, just upload them to Google Maps!
Tmobile customers service said the software update is to remove the LTE from your device go t-mobile screwing your customers again.
I don’t understand why Samsung just doesn’t give the S III 4.2 already? Are there plans for it or we just wasting our breath?
I think they just had it with US carriers more than anything else. There are too many things they have to do to please all the carriers that it makes it way more difficult for Samsung and other manufacturers. I gave up trying to anticipate upgrades to the OS. If it happens, it happens. If you really want the latest version of Android, learn to root and mod at your own risk. If not, wait like everyone else. Just don’t hold your breath.
You do realize that the International version doesn’t have it either, right? That kinda sticks a fork in your logic.
Well that kind of does. LOL. But I still like Samsung. Can’t wait for the S4.
Agreed! I remember how much the comments on here used to rail against Samsung’s updates and how great HTC was. I find that funny now. If you want the updates fast, get a Nexus device, simple as that. If you buy ANY other phone, don’t expect a newer version of Android than what it came with. If you get an OS update, great, and if not then you already had the right expectation.
You nailed it. It really complicated with upgrades when it comes to Android and the multiple manufactures out there. If you change your mindset to never anticipate new OS versions, and accept the one you have when you buy the phone. You won’t be let down. That’s the beauty of rooting, or just buying a Nexus. And as far as HTC goes. I am done with them after the TMO Sensation. HTC is known for “premium” products, but I personally think Samsung is more premium. And the good thing about Samsung products. If you own multiple device of their products, like TVs (Samsung Smart TVs) the phone works in harmony it. So for me. Sammy is the only way I want to go in the future. Call me a Sammy fanboy. Hey Apple isn’t the only one with fanboys! LOL.
Nobody has 4.2 other than Nexus. Stop whining or go get a Nexus.
I hope improving user experience by fixing IPv6 bug and removing LTE in the Network mode wasn’t the only thing they did. Cause those two are not improving my user experience. LOL.
searching. Does anyone know how to fix this?
install kies on your computer and manually install it. It only takes 15 minutes.
I installed the update using Kies at home. It took forever, but it worked ok. My question is that even now, when I go to system and click on check updates. Instead of telling me that my software is up to date, it just gets stock on checking. It wont do anything else other than get stock checking for updates. Anyone else having the same issues.
Factory Reset, then let us know if you have the same problem.
Factory reset corrected the issue. Now I just have to spend the next 4 hours getting all my stuff back in order.
what should i do my tmobile contract on 2 of my lines are up (classic family plan) but one of my lines has 12 months left. Should i update now stay in classic plan or go value. SO confused. btw any one know when the next good phone is coming out?
For anyone that has updated and uses Google voice, does this fix the access number showing instead of the actual number dialed?
I was hoping it would fix the proxy server issues I’m having with my S3. Has anyone else had that problem? If so can you help me fix them please?
well an update is always good?
Children, give it a rest. The current SGS3 DOES NOT, repeat DOES NOT.. support LTE. I had doubts myself. I read the ongoing thread(s) about it on XDA-devs. Believe me, if someone over at XDA-devs says its not capable.. it isn’t. Our phones have the qualcomm MSM8960 BOARD, (which IS LTE ready, and COULD possibly be hacked).
The PROBLEM with atleast the T-MOBILE version of the current SGS3 is that the MODEM HARDWARE is an MSM8260A. This modem COULD use the LTE technology if the carrier requests it. That being said.. when the SGS3 was designed, T-mobile had no LTE. Would you be happy paying for features that you cant use? people are ALREADY bitching because, even though the SGS3 is 4G capable, some ONLY get 2g in their service area.
I remember being pissed when t-mobile pulled the same crap with the Vibrant. They release the t959V . The phone had FFC i believe, and some other features the original vibrant should have had on day 1. It’s all marketing schemes to drive up their profit margins.
Just like the talk of making the original vibrant a 4g phone. It would have required alot of swapped hardware and countless hours of reprogramming.
Since the bjellybean update my S3 wont play MP3s any one else have this issue? I also cant download any to my phone from my podcast site without it failing out. Worked perfect before tho.
Is the low light shooting mode in camera new or was that there before. Doh.
This update is like saying… buy this car, it has a steering wheel but you cant use it to turn right or left. For Security reasons, we have disabled the the car from starting…enjoy the ride…sucker! | 2019-04-21T18:04:26Z | https://www.tmonews.com/2013/01/samsung-galaxy-s-iii-software-update-incoming-to-android-4-1-1/ |
Handling email, whether it is for a newsletter, autoresponder, drip campaigns, etc., is one of those things that doesn’t seem so challenging until you try to do it. And, in fact, for small volumes, it probably isn’t that difficult. But, once you start getting any significant number of subscribers, things get complicated. You want to make sure your server can handle the volume and you want to protect the reputation of your server IP so that your email will have higher delivery rates. To do this, you will need to actively clean your list by unsubscribing bounces. You should also monitor the number of complaints submitted and try to ensure you don’t send too many emails to one provider in a short period of time, etc. You will, of course, want to track delivery and open rates. For this reason, many people opt to use a third party email marketing provider, though the downside is that once your subscriber list and/or number of email sends gets high, so will your cost.
Will you be designing your own template or using one provided by your email software or provider? Either way, make sure it is mobile friendly and displays well across the wide variety of email clients.
Besides the basic template(s), can you easily (WYSIWYG) design and layout the content of your email campaigns?
Can you use user name or profile information to customize your emails? Can you use shortcodes to add dates or other useful content snippets?
Can you create multiple administrator accounts with varying level of access and control? Is there a mobile app available?
Can visitors easily signup and manage their accounts, opt out, etc.? Are there single and double opt-in options? Are there spam registration protection options (captcha, etc.)? Can you easily import/export user lists? Can you specify custom fields of information to collect? Can you easily manage your user list.
In conjunction with other subscriber management issues, can you easily design and integrate subscription forms, even across multiple websites?
How many emails are delivered? How many are opened? What links are clicked? Are your reports realtime?
In addition to segmenting your list, can you do A/B split testing to see which headlines, content, colors, etc. prove most effective?
Can you schedule regular campaigns?
Can you automatically send new content posted, autoresonders, drip campaigns, abandoned cart conversions, birthday or other important date messages, thank you and confirmation emails, etc.?
Can you automatically create emails from your newest blog posts?
If you use WordPress, is there a plugin to integrate with your registration or membership system? For advanced users, can you integrate your emails with your website backend or other IT systems?
Is there an option to test how likely your email is to be rejected as spam?
Is it easy for readers to share with their respective social media accounts? Can people subscribe via their social media account?
Can you embed images and/or video?
Is there a way to make your newsletter content viewable on your website?
Can you do surveys, work with SMS, deliver by time zone or geography, or take advantage of other advanced features?
You might also find the article, “What to Look for in an Email Services Provider” (Part 1 and Part 2) by Paul Broni worth a read .
Many people don’t want to deal with the hassles involved with managing their own email sending. Many others don’t even realize a do-it-yourself option exists. If you are planning to use a third party, here are the two main providers I see others using most.
MailChimp is especially popular with bloggers, partly because they offer a good service that is easy to use with many features but also because they offer a free low-end option so that you can take your time to grow into a paid package.
AWeber is also especially popular with bloggers. You often will see debates online about whether to go with MailChimp or AWeber. I won’t get into that other than to say that Aweber recently got rid of their free low end plan so depending on your budget and plans for growth, that might help make your choice.
Handling all email sending activity yourself can be a challenge, but fortunately there are some good software providers that can help you out. Below I offer some providers to consider. This is very far from a complete list, but is a decent starting point. In addition to the possible features mentioned above, another important consideration is the email engine you plan to use. Naturally, you can send via SMTP from your own server. But, you may prefer using a third party, most notably Amazon SES, SendGrid, or MailGun.
Tribulant offers a free plugin for basic usage and a premium version ($79.99 but usually discounted to $64 and sometimes less) with lots of useful features. I have been using this software for over a year on two of my WordPress sites. The functionality and features are impressive and, while I did actually have some significant problems, the support team has been good about helping resolve those. My one caveat would be that this software may not be the best choice for very high subscriber numbers unless you have a server with a lot of memory.
MailPoet Newsletters appears to be the most popular (based on active users) WordPress emailing plugin available. It also appears that the developers are working on an all new version.
MailWizz Email Marketing Application is a simple to use, efficient and full-featured email marketing application with an impressive features set. With MailWizz not only that you will be able to properly handle email marketing for your own purposes but you can also become an Email Service Provider for your customers, since MailWizz integrates easily with payment gateways like Paypal and it offers all the needed tools to create pricing plans, promotional codes and to manage orders and transactions created by your customers.
Newsletter also appears to be a very popular plugin (based on active installs), with some good free features.
phpList is probably the best open source newsletter manager script available. The big thing to realize about phpList is that it is NOT a list manager in that you can only send out emails via a web or CLI interface. You can’t send to a list from your email client. And, recipients can’t reply to each other. So, if you are looking for software to manage discussion groups, phpList isn’t it. If you want to send out newsletter, it certainly should be one of the scripts you consider.
Sendy is a self hosted email newsletter application that lets you send trackable emails via Amazon Simple Email Service (SES). This makes it possible for you to send authenticated bulk emails at an insanely low price without sacrificing deliverability. Note that there is a WordPress widget availabe as well.
Oempro is the script I used for many years on a site with a large mailing list. I liked it much more than phpList for certain things, most notably its ability to use outsourced lists (e.g., a separate membership database). I only stopped using it about a year ago, but I was using a very old version for many years, so actually I cannot really say much about the current product but it is worth investigating.
Mailman is open source software for managing electronic mail discussion and e-newsletter lists so it will fit the bill where the above newsletter scripts won’t when dealing with discussion groups. Mailman has a web interface, making it easy for users to manage their accounts and for list owners to administer lists. Mailman supports built-in archiving, automatic bounce processing, content filtering, digest delivery, spam filters, and more. I don’t use Mailman, but tried it once. Unfortunately, it requires some advanced administrative privileges to install and I was unable to install it on my host, even though it is a virtual server account.
Interspire Email Marketer is all-in-one email marketing software that includes everything you need to create, send, track and profit from email marketing.
phpMailer is not a full-fledged email software program but rather an open source PHP class that you can use by itself or you can use to integrate with development projects. It is also used by many professional scripts. | 2019-04-19T09:12:42Z | https://www.webmastersherpa.com/email-marketing-software-and-services/ |
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Resting is cause for a great deal of trouble for people who stay in colder countries. If you stay in the Philippines or Singapore, countries with normally milder environments, sleeping is as simple as lying down on the bed and pulling a single thin blanket as much as your chest. Canadians and Alaskans want it were that simple, though. This is the reason why a great deal of Asians have actually never even heard of words “duvet”. If you stay in a nation that gets a significant quantity of snowfall throughout winter, sleeping is impossible without a duvet. That is a truth.
At that time duvets were stuffed with the feathers of senior duck, which were noted for enhanced insulation compared to other types of feathers. These days producers utilize a wide variety of products. A lot of contemporary duvets are filled with cotton, wool, silk or artificial fibers like polyester batting to attain the exact same result without having to rob senior ducks of their feathers, or else PETA would be knocking on their front doors.
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Under Texas law, a judgment creditor can secure and execute a lien on a judgment debtor's property unless the debtor files a supersedeas bond in at least the amount of the judgment, interest, and costs. Appellant obtained a jury verdict of $10.53 billion in its Texas state-court suit alleging that appellee tortiously had induced a third oil company to breach a contract to sell its shares to appellant. Because it was clear that appellee would not be able to post a bond in the necessary amount, the verdict had substantial adverse effects on appellee's business and financial situation. Accordingly, even before the trial court entered judgment on the verdict, appellee filed suit in Federal District Court alleging that the Texas proceedings violated its rights under the Federal Constitution and various federal statutes. Appellee did not present these claims to the state court. Appellant argued, inter alia, that the Federal District Court should abstain from hearing the case under the doctrine of Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 . The District Court rejected this contention, and, concluding that appellee's constitutional claims had "a very clear probability of success," issued a preliminary injunction barring any action to enforce the state court's judgment, which had now been entered. The Court of Appeals affirmed, holding, inter alia, that Younger abstention was unnecessary because the state interests at stake differed in both kind and degree from those present in the cases in which this Court has held that Younger applied, and because Texas had failed to [481 U.S. 1, 2] provide adequate procedures for adjudication of appellee's federal claims.
The lower federal courts should have abstained under the principles of federalism enunciated in Younger. Pp. 10-18.
(a) Younger abstention helps to avoid unwarranted determination of federal constitutional questions. Here, because appellee chose not to present its constitutional claims to the Texas courts, it is impossible to determine whether the governing Texas statutes and procedural rules actually involved those claims. Moreover, the Texas Constitution contains an "open courts" provision that appears to address appellee's claims more specifically than does the Federal Constitution. Thus, it is entirely possible that the Texas courts would have resolved this case on state statutory or constitutional grounds, without reaching appellee's federal constitutional questions. Pp. 10-12.
(b) Younger abstention is mandated if the State's interests in the proceedings are so important that exercise of the federal judicial power would disregard the comity extended between the States and the National Government. Here, the argument that the exercise of the District Court's power did not implicate a "vital" or "important" state interest misreads this Court's precedents, which repeatedly have recognized that the States have important interests in administering certain aspects of their judicial systems. These include enforcing the orders and judgments of the States' courts. Federal injunctions in such cases would interfere with the execution of state judgments on grounds that challenge the very process by which those judgments were obtained. So long as such challenges relate to pending state proceedings, proper respect for the ability of state courts to resolve federal questions presented in state court litigation mandates that the federal court stay its hand. Pp. 12-14.
(c) The argument that Younger abstention was inappropriate because no Texas court could have heard appellee's constitutional claims within the limited time available fails because appellee has not satisfied its burden of showing that state procedural law barred presentation of its claims. When, as here, a litigant has made no effort in state court to present his claims, a federal court should assume that state procedures will afford an adequate remedy, in the absence of unambiguous authority to the contrary. Pp. 14-18.
784 F.2d 1133, reversed and remanded.
POWELL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which REHNQUIST, C. J., and WHITE, O'CONNOR, and SCALIA, JJ., joined. SCALIA, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which O'CONNOR, J., joined, post, p. 18. BRENNAN, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which MARSHALL, [481 U.S. 1, 3] J., joined, post, p. 18. MARSHALL, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, post, p. 23. BLACKMUN, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, post, p. 27. STEVENS, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, in which MARSHALL, J., joined, post, p. 29.
Laurence H. Tribe argued the cause for appellant. With him on the briefs were John L. Jeffers, G. Irvin Terrell, Paul M. Bator, Douglas A. Poe, Kenneth S. Geller, W. James Kronzer, Joseph D. Jamail, Harry M. Reasoner, Simon H. Rifkind, Arthur L. Liman, and Mark A. Belnick.
[ Footnote * ] Briefs of amici curiae urging affirmance were filed for the State of Alabama et al. by Robert T. Stephan, Attorney General of Kansas, Wayne E. Hundley, First Deputy Attorney General, Charles A. Graddick, Attorney General of Alabama, Charles M. Oberly III, Attorney General of Delaware, Jim Smith, Attorney General of Florida, William J. Guste, Jr., Attorney General of Louisiana, Hubert H. Humphrey III, Attorney General of Minnesota, William L. Webster, Attorney General of Missouri, Ted Schwinden, Attorney General of Montana, Toney Anaya, Attorney General of New Mexico, Robert Abrams, Attorney General of New York, Michael Turpen, Attorney General of Oklahoma, Kenneth O. Eikenberry, Attorney General of Washington, and Archie G. McClintock, Attorney General of Wyoming; for the State of Alaska by Harold M. Brown, Attorney General, and Ronald W. Lorensen, Deputy Attorney General; for the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations et al. by John W. McKendree, Laurence Gold, and George Kaufmann; for the Business Council of New York State, Inc., et al. by John Carter Rice, Gregg R. Potvin, and John W. McKendree; and for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by David S. Tatel, Allen R. Snyder, Walter A. Smith, Jr., and Grover G. Hankins.
Getty Oil Co. and appellant Pennzoil Co. negotiated an agreement under which Pennzoil was to purchase about three-sevenths of Getty's outstanding shares for $110 a share. Appellee Texaco Inc. eventually purchased the shares for $128 a share. On February 8, 1984, Pennzoil filed a complaint against Texaco in the Harris County District Court, a state court located in Houston, Texas, the site of Pennzoil's corporate headquarters. The complaint alleged that Texaco tortiously had induced Getty to breach a contract to sell its shares to Pennzoil; Pennzoil sought actual damages of $7.53 billion and punitive damages in the same amount. On November 19, 1985, a jury returned a verdict in favor of Pennzoil, finding actual damages of $7.53 billion and punitive damages of $3 billion. The parties anticipated that the judgment, including prejudgment interest, would exceed $11 billion.
Texaco did not argue to the trial court that the judgment, or execution of the judgment, conflicted with federal law. Rather, on December 10, 1985 - before the Texas court entered judgment 5 - Texaco filed this action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in White Plains, New York, the site of Texaco's corporate headquarters. Texaco alleged that the Texas proceedings violated rights secured to Texaco by the Constitution and various federal statutes. 6 It asked the District Court to enjoin Pennzoil from taking any action to enforce the judgment. Pennzoil's response, and basic position, was that the District Court could not hear the case. First, it argued that the Anti-Injunction Act, 28 U.S.C. 2283, barred issuance of an injunction. It further contended that the court should abstain [481 U.S. 1, 7] under the doctrine of Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). Third, it argued that the suit was in effect an appeal from the Texas trial court and that the District Court had no jurisdiction under the principles of Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), and District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983).
The District Court rejected all of these arguments. 626 F. Supp. 250 (1986). It found the Anti-Injunction Act inapplicable because Texaco's complaint rested on 42 U.S.C. 1983. See Mitchum v. Foster, 407 U.S. 225 (1972) (holding that 1983 falls within the exceptions to the Anti-Injunction Act). It found Younger abstention unwarranted because it did not believe issuance of an injunction would "interfere with a state official's pursuit of a fundamental state interest." 626 F. Supp., at 260. As to the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, the court noted only that it was not "attempting to sit as a final or intermediate appellate state court as to the merits of the Texas action. . . . Our only intention is to assure Texaco its constitutional right to raise claims that we view as having a good chance of success." Id., at 254 (citation and footnote omitted).
On appeal, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed. 784 F.2d 1133 (1986). It first addressed the Rooker-Feldman doctrine and rejected the portion of the District Court's opinion that evaluated the merits of the state-court judgment. It held, however, that the doctrine did not completely bar the District Court's jurisdiction. It concluded that the due process and equal protection claims, not presented by Texaco to the Texas courts, were within the District Court's jurisdiction because they were not "`inextricably intertwined'" with the state-court action. Id., at 1144 (quoting District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, supra, at 483, n. 16).
Next, the court considered whether Texaco had stated a claim under 1983. The question was whether Texaco's complaint sought to redress action taken "under color of" state law, 42 U.S.C. 1983. The court noted that "Pennzoil [481 U.S. 1, 9] would have to act jointly with state agents by calling on state officials to attach and seize Texaco's assets." 784 F.2d, at 1145. Relying on its reading of Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922 (1982), the court concluded that the enjoined action would have been taken under color of state law, and thus that Texaco had stated a claim under 1983. 784 F.2d, at 1145-1147. Because 1983 is an exception to the Anti-Injunction Act, see Mitchum v. Foster, supra, the court also found that the Anti-Injunction Act did not prevent the District Court from granting the relief sought by Texaco.
The courts below should have abstained under the principles of federalism enunciated in Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). Both the District Court and the Court of Appeals failed to recognize the significant interests harmed by their unprecedented intrusion into the Texas judicial system. Similarly, neither of those courts applied the appropriate standard in determining whether adequate relief was available in the Texas courts.
This concern mandates application of Younger abstention not only when the pending state proceedings are criminal, but also when certain civil proceedings are pending, if the State's interests in the proceeding are so important that exercise of the federal judicial power would disregard the comity between the States and the National Government. E. g., Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., 420 U.S. 592, 603 -605 (1975).
Another important reason for abstention is to avoid unwarranted determination of federal constitutional questions. When federal courts interpret state statutes in a way that raises federal constitutional questions, "a constitutional determination is predicated on a reading of the statute that is not binding on state courts and may be discredited at any time - thus essentially rendering the federal-court decision advisory and the litigation underlying it meaningless." Moore v. Sims, 442 U.S. 415, 428 (1979). See Trainor v. Hernandez, 431 U.S. 434, 445 (1977). 9 This concern has special significance in this case. Because Texaco chose not to present to the Texas courts the constitutional claims asserted in this case, it is impossible to be certain that the governing Texas statutes and procedural rules actually raise these claims. Moreover, the Texas Constitution contains an [481 U.S. 1, 12] "open courts" provision, Art. I, 13, 10 that appears to address Texaco's claims more specifically than the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Thus, when this case was filed in federal court, it was entirely possible that the Texas courts would have resolved this case on state statutory or constitutional grounds, without reaching the federal constitutional questions Texaco raises in this case. 11 As we have noted, Younger abstention in situations like this "offers the opportunity for narrowing constructions that might obviate the constitutional problem and intelligently mediate federal constitutional concerns and state interests." Moore v. Sims, supra, at 429-430.
"A State's interest in the contempt process, through which it vindicates the regular operation of its judicial system, so long as that system itself affords the opportunity to pursue federal claims within it, is surely an important interest. Perhaps it is not quite as important as is the State's interest in the enforcement of its criminal laws, Younger, supra, or even its interest in the maintenance of a quasi-criminal proceeding such as was involved in Huffman, supra. But we think it is of sufficiently great import to require application of the principles of those cases." Id., at 335.
Our comments on why the contempt power was sufficiently important to justify abstention also are illuminating: "Contempt in these cases, serves, of course, to vindicate and preserve the private interests of competing litigants, . . . but its purpose is by no means spent upon purely private concerns. It stands in aid of the authority of the judicial system, so that its orders and judgments are not rendered nugatory." Id., at 336, n. 12 (citations omitted).
Texaco also argues that Younger abstention was inappropriate because no Texas court could have heard Texaco's constitutional claims within the limited time available to Texaco. But the burden on this point rests on the federal plaintiff to show "that state procedural law barred presentation of [its] claims." Moore v. Sims, 442 U.S., at 432 . See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S., at 45 ("`The accused should first set up and rely upon his defense in the state courts, even though this involves a challenge of the validity of some statute, unless it plainly appears that this course would not afford [481 U.S. 1, 15] adequate protection'") (quoting Fenner v. Boykin, 271 U.S. 240, 244 (1926)).
Moreover, denigrations of the procedural protections afforded by Texas law hardly come from Texaco with good grace, as it apparently made no effort under Texas law to secure the relief sought in this case. Cf. Middlesex County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Assn., supra, at 435 (rejecting on similar grounds an assertion about the inhospitability of state procedures to federal claims). Article VI of the United States Constitution declares that "the Judges in every State shall be bound" by the Federal Constitution, laws, and treaties. We cannot assume that state judges will interpret ambiguities in state procedural law to bar presentation of federal claims. Cf. Ohio Civil Rights Comm'n v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc., 477 U.S. 619, 629 (1986) (assuming that a state administrative commission would "construe its own statutory mandate in the light of federal constitutional principles"). Accordingly, when a litigant has not attempted to present his federal claims in related state-court proceedings, a federal court should assume that state procedures will afford an adequate remedy, in the absence of unambiguous authority to the contrary.
The "open courts" provision of the Texas Constitution, Article I, 13, see nn. 10, 11, supra, has considerable relevance here. This provision has appeared in each of Texas' six Constitutions, dating back to the Constitution of the Republic of Texas in 1836. See LeCroy v. Hanlon, 713 S. W. 2d 335, 339, and n. 4 (Tex. 1986). According to the Texas Supreme Court, the provision "guarantees all litigants . . . the right to their day in court." Id., at 341. "The common thread of [the Texas Supreme Court's] decisions construing the open courts provision is that the legislature has no power to make a remedy by due course of law contingent on an impossible condition." Nelson v. Krusen, 678 S. W. 2d 918, 921 (Tex. 1984). In light of this demonstrable and longstanding commitment of the Texas Supreme Court to provide [481 U.S. 1, 16] access to the state courts, we are reluctant to conclude that Texas courts would have construed state procedural rules to deny Texaco an effective opportunity to raise its constitutional claims.
In sum, the lower courts should have deferred on principles of comity to the pending state proceedings. They erred in accepting Texaco's assertions as to the inadequacies of Texas procedure to provide effective relief. It is true that this case presents an unusual fact situation, never before addressed by the Texas courts, and that Texaco urgently desired prompt relief. But we cannot say that those courts, when this suit was filed, would have been any less inclined than a federal court to address and decide the federal constitutional claims. Because Texaco apparently did not give the Texas courts an opportunity to adjudicate its constitutional claims, and because Texaco cannot demonstrate that the Texas courts were not then open to adjudicate its claims, there is no basis for concluding that the Texas law and procedures were so deficient that Younger abstention is inappropriate. Accordingly, we conclude that the District Court should have abstained.
In this opinion, we have addressed the situation that existed on the morning of December 10, 1985, when this case was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. We recognize that much has transpired in the Texas courts since then. Later that day, the Texas trial court entered judgment. See n. 5, supra. On February 12 of this year, the Texas Court of Appeals substantially affirmed the judgment. See ibid. We are not unmindful of the unique importance to Texaco of having its challenges to that judgment authoritatively considered and resolved. We of course express no opinion on the merits of [481 U.S. 1, 18] those challenges. Similarly, we express no opinion on the claims Texaco has raised in this case against the Texas bond and lien provisions, nor on the possibility that Texaco now could raise these claims in the Texas courts, see n. 16, supra. Today we decide only that it was inappropriate for the District Court to entertain these claims. If, and when, the Texas courts render a final decision on any federal issue presented by this litigation, review may be sought in this Court in the customary manner.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed. The case is remanded to the District Court with instructions to vacate its order and dismiss the complaint. The judgment of this Court shall issue forthwith.
[ Footnote 1 ] A writ of execution is "[a]ddressed to any sheriff or constable in the State of Texas [and] enables the official to levy on a debtor's nonexempt real and personal property, within the official's county." 5 W. Dorsaneo, Texas Litigation Guide 132.021., p. 132-7 (1986).
[ Footnote 2 ] If the judgment debtor files a motion for new trial, the clerk cannot issue a writ of execution until the motion for new trial is denied or overruled by operation of law. Rule 627. If a trial judge does not act on a motion for new trial, it is deemed to be overruled by operation of law 75 days after the judgment originally was signed. Rule 329b(c).
[ Footnote 3 ] Filing a supersedeas bond would not prevent Pennzoil from securing judgment liens against Texaco's real property. See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. 52.002 (1984) (directing clerk to issue an abstract of the judgment "[o]n application of a person in whose favor a judgment is rendered"; no exception for superseded judgments); Thulemeyer v. Jones, 37 Tex. 560, 571 (1872). The bond's only effect would be to prevent Pennzoil from executing the judgment and obtaining Texaco's property.
[ Footnote 4 ] A judgment debtor also may suspend execution by filing "cash or other negotiable obligation of the government of the United States of America or any agency thereof, or with leave of court, . . . a negotiable obligation of any bank . . . in the amount fixed for the surety bond." Rule 14c.
[ Footnote 5 ] Later the same day, the Texas court entered a judgment against Texaco for $11,120,976,110.83, including prejudgment interest of approximately $600 million. During the pendency of the federal action - that now concerns only the validity of the Texas judgment enforcement procedures - the state-court action on the merits has proceeded. Texaco filed a motion for new trial, that was deemed denied by operation of law under Rule 329b(c). See n. 2, supra. Subsequently, Texaco appealed the judgment to the Texas Court of Appeals, challenging the judgment on a variety of state and federal grounds. The Texas Court of Appeals rendered a decision on that appeal on February 12, 1987. That decision affirmed the trial court's judgment in most respects, but remitted $2 billion of the punitive damages award, reducing the principal of the judgment to $8.53 billion.
So far as we know, Texaco has never presented to the Texas courts the challenges it makes in this case against the bond and lien provisions under federal law. Three days after it filed its federal lawsuit, Texaco did ask the Texas trial court informally for a hearing concerning possible modification of the judgment under Texas law. That request eventually was denied, because it failed to comply with Texas procedural rules.
[ Footnote 6 ] Texaco claimed that the judgment itself conflicted with the Full Faith and Credit Clause, the Commerce Clause, the Williams Act, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Texaco also argued that application of the Texas bond and lien provisions would violate the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution.
"[I]t is hereby . . . ORDERED that defendant, Pennzoil Company, its employees, agents, attorneys and servants, and all persons in active concert or participation with them who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise, are jointly and severally enjoined and restrained, pending the trial and ultimate disposition of this action, or the further order of this Court, from taking any action of any kind whatsoever to enforce or attempt to enforce the Judgment entered in an action in the District Court for the 151st Judicial District of Texas entitled Pennzoil Company v. Texaco Inc., including, without limitation, attempting to obtain or file any judgment lien or abstract of judgment related to said Judgment (pursuant to Tex. Prop. Code Ann. 52.001, et seq., or otherwise), or initiating or commencing steps to execute on said Judgment . . . ." App. to Juris. Statement A52-A53.
The order also required Texaco to post a bond of $1 billion to secure the grant of the preliminary injunction. Id., at A53.
[ Footnote 8 ] Although the District Court had entered only a preliminary injunction, the Court of Appeals concluded that the record was sufficiently undisputed to justify entering a permanent injunction. Thus, it did not remand the case to the District Court for further proceedings on the merits. 784 F.2d 1133, 1156 (1986).
[ Footnote 9 ] In some cases, the probability that any federal adjudication would be effectively advisory is so great that this concern alone is sufficient to justify abstention, even if there are no pending state proceedings in which the question could be raised. See Railroad Comm'n of Texas v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941). Because appellant has not argued in this Court that Pullman abstention is proper, we decline to address JUSTICE BLACKMUN's conclusion that Pullman abstention is the appropriate disposition of this case. We merely note that considerations similar to those that mandate Pullman abstention are relevant to a court's decision whether to abstain under Younger. Cf. Moore v. Sims, 442 U.S. 415, 428 (1979). The various types of abstention are not rigid pigeonholes into which federal courts must try to fit cases. Rather, they reflect a complex of considerations designed to soften the tensions inherent in a system that contemplates parallel judicial processes.
[ Footnote 10 ] Article I, 13, provides: "All courts shall be open, and every person for an injury done him, in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law."
[ Footnote 11 ] See LeCroy v. Hanlon, 713 S. W. 2d 335, 340-341 (Tex. 1986) ("The open courts provision must have been intended to provide rights in addition to those in the due process provision or the former would be surplusage. Furthermore, the due process provision's general guarantees contrast with the open courts provision's specific guarantee of a right of access to the courts"); id., at 338 (noting that the Texas Supreme Court "has been in the mainstream" of the movement of "state courts . . . to look to their own constitutions to protect individual rights") (citing, inter alia, Brennan, State Constitutions and the Protection of Individual Rights, 90 Harv. L. Rev. 489 (1977)). See also Dillingham v. Putnam, 109 Tex. 1, 14 S. W. 303 (1980) (invalidating a previous supersedeas bond statute because it effectively prevented certain parties from securing an appeal).
The relevance of the open courts provision to this case is not limited to its indication that the Texas courts may well accept Texaco's challenge on state constitutional grounds, obviating the need for consideration of the federal constitutional questions. As we explain infra, at 15-16, this provision also undercuts Texaco's claim that no Texas court was open to hear its constitutional claims.
[ Footnote 12 ] Thus, contrary to JUSTICE STEVENS' suggestion, the State of Texas has an interest in this proceeding "that goes beyond its interest as adjudicator of wholly private disputes." Post, at 30, n. 2. Our opinion does not hold that Younger abstention is always appropriate whenever a civil proceeding is pending in a state court. Rather, as in Juidice, we rely on the State's interest in protecting "the authority of the judicial system, so that its orders and judgments are not rendered nugatory," 430 U.S., at 336 , n. 12 (citations omitted).
[ Footnote 13 ] Texaco also suggests that abstention is unwarranted because of the absence of a state judicial proceeding with respect to which the Federal District Court should have abstained. Texaco argues that "the Texas judiciary plays no role" in execution of judgments. Brief for Appellee 25. We reject this assertion. There is at least one pending judicial proceeding in the state courts; the lawsuit out of which Texaco's constitutional claims arose is now pending before a Texas Court of Appeals in Houston, Texas. As we explain infra this page and 15-17, we are not convinced that Texaco could not have secured judicial relief in those proceedings.
[ Footnote 14 ] See 784 F.2d, at 1139; App. to Juris. Statement A104 (District Court's Supplemental Finding of Fact 94).
[ Footnote 15 ] Texaco relies on the language of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 364, that lists no exceptions to the requirement that an appellant file a bond to suspend execution of a money judgment pending appeal. Texaco also relies on cases noting that Rule 364 requires appellants to post bond in the full amount of the judgment. E. g., Kennesaw Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Streetman, 644 S. W. 2d 915, 916-917 (Tex. App. 1983) (writ refused n.r.e.). But these cases do not involve claims that the requirements of Rule 364 violate other statutes or the Federal Constitution. Thus, they have "absolutely nothing to say with respect to" Texaco's claims that Rule 364 violates the Federal Constitution. See Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., 420 U.S. 592, 610 (1975).
Also, the language of Rule 364 suggests that a trial court could suspend the bond requirement if it concluded that application of the bond requirement would violate the Federal Constitution. Rule 364(a) provides: "Unless otherwise provided by law or these rules, an appellant may suspend the execution of the judgment by a good and sufficient bond" (emphasis added). Texaco has failed to demonstrate that Texas courts would not construe the phrase "otherwise provided by law" to encompass claims made under the Federal Constitution. We cannot assume that Texas courts would refuse to construe the Rule, or to apply their inherent powers, to provide a forum to adjudicate substantial federal constitutional claims.
[ Footnote 16 ] We recognize that the trial court no longer has jurisdiction over the case. See Tex. Rule Civ. Proc. 329b(e); n. 5, supra. Thus, relief is no [481 U.S. 1, 17] longer available to Texaco from the trial court. But Texaco cannot escape Younger abstention by failing to assert its state remedies in a timely manner. See Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., supra, at 607-609. In any event, the Texas Supreme Court and the Texas Court of Appeals arguably have the authority to suspend the supersedeas requirement to protect their appellate jurisdiction. See Pace v. McEwen, 604 S. W. 2d 231, 233 (Tex. Civ. App. 1980) (no writ) (suggesting that a Texas Court of Appeals has such authority).
JUSTICE SCALIA, with whom JUSTICE O'CONNOR joins, concurring.
I join the opinion of the Court. I write separately only to indicate that I do not believe that the so-called Rooker-Feldman doctrine deprives the Court of jurisdiction to decide Texaco's challenge to the constitutionality of the Texas stay and lien provisions. In resolving that challenge, the Court need not decide any issue either actually litigated in the Texas courts or inextricably intertwined with issues so litigated. Under these circumstances, I see no jurisdictional bar to the Court's decision in this case.
I believe that the Court should have confronted the merits of this case. I wholeheartedly concur with JUSTICE STEVENS' conclusion that a creditor's invocation of a State's postjudgment collection procedures constitutes action under color of state law within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. 1983. Post, at 30, n. 1.
I also agree with his conclusion that the District Court was not required to abstain under the principles enunciated in Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). Post, at 30, n. 2. I adhere to my view that Younger is, in general, inapplicable to civil proceedings, especially when a plaintiff brings a 1983 action alleging violation of federal constitutional rights. See Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., 420 U.S. 592, 613 (1975) (BRENNAN, J., dissenting) (Younger held "that federal courts should not interfere with pending state criminal proceedings, except under extraordinary circumstances" (emphasis in original)); Juidice v. Vail, 430 U.S. 327, 342 (1977) (BRENNAN, J., dissenting) ("In congressional contemplation, the pendency of state civil proceedings was to be wholly irrelevant. `The very purpose of 1983 was to interpose the federal courts between the States and the people, as guardians of the people's federal rights'") (quoting Mitchum v. Foster, 407 U.S. 225, 242 (1972)).
The State's interest in this case is negligible. The State of Texas - not a party in this appeal - expressly represented to the Court of Appeals that it "has no interest in the outcome of the state-court adjudication underlying this cause," except in its fair adjudication. 784 F.2d 1133, 1150 (CA2 1986); Brief for Intervenor-Appellant in Nos. 86-7046, 86-7052, p. 2. The Court identifies the State's interest as enforcing "`the authority of the judicial system, so that its orders and judgments are not rendered nugatory.'" Ante, at 13 (quoting Juidice v. Vail, supra, at 336, n. 12). Yet, the District Court found that "Pennzoil has publicly admitted that Texaco's assets are sufficient to satisfy the Judgment even without liens or a bond." App. to Juris. Statement A116 [481 U.S. 1, 20] (supplemental findings of fact by District Court). "Thus Pennzoil's interest in protecting the full amount of its judgment during the appellate process is reasonably secured by the substantial excess of Texaco's net worth over the amount of Pennzoil's judgment." 784 F.2d, at 1155.
Indeed, the interest in enforcing the bond and lien requirement is privately held by Pennzoil, not by the State of Texas. The Court of Appeals correctly stated that this "is a suit between two private parties stemming from the defendant's alleged tortious interference with the plaintiff's contract with a third private party." 784 F.2d, at 1150. Pennzoil was free to waive the bond and lien requirements under Texas law, without asking the State of Texas for permission. See Yandell v. Tarrant State Bank, 538 S. W. 2d 684, 687 (Tex. Civ. App. 1976); United Benefit Fire Insurance Co. v. Metropolitan Plumbing Co., 363 S. W. 2d 843, 847 (Tex. Civ. App. 1962). "Since Texas law directs state officials to do Pennzoil's bidding in executing the judgment, it is the decision of Pennzoil, not that of the state judiciary, to utilize state agents to undertake the collection process, and the state officials can act only upon Pennzoil's unilateral determination." 784 F.2d, at 1147. The State's decision to grant private parties unilateral power to invoke, or not invoke, the State's bond and lien provisions demonstrates that the State has no independent interest in the enforcement of those provisions.
While I agree with JUSTICE STEVENS that Texaco's claim is "plainly without merit," post, at 29, my reasons for so concluding are different. Since Texas has created an appeal as of right from the trial court's judgment, it cannot infringe on this right to appeal in a manner inconsistent with due process or equal protection. See Evitts v. Lucey, 469 U.S. 387, 393 (1985). While "a cost requirement, valid on its face, may offend due process because it operates to foreclose a particular party's opportunity to be heard," Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371, 380 (1971), in this case, Texaco clearly could exercise its right to appeal in order to protect its corporate interests even if it were forced to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 11. 11 U.S.C. 362. Texaco, or its successor in interest, could go forward with the appeal, and if it did prevail on its appeal in Texas courts, the bankruptcy proceedings could be terminated. 1112. Texaco simply fails to show how the initiation of corporate reorganization activities would prevent it from obtaining meaningful appellate review.
I reach this conclusion on the narrow facts before us. Thus, this case is different from the more troublesome situation where a particular corporate litigant has such special attributes as an organization that a trustee in bankruptcy, in its stead, could not effectively advance the organization's interests on an appeal. Moreover, the underlying issues in this case - arising out of a commercial contract dispute - do not involve fundamental constitutional rights. See, e. g., Henry v. First National Bank of Clarksdale, 595 F.2d 291, 299-300 (CA5 1979) (bankruptcy of NAACP would make state appellate review of First Amendment claims "so difficult" to obtain that federal injunction justified), cert. denied sub nom. Claiborne Hardware Co. v. Henry, 444 U.S. 1074 (1980).
Given the particular facts of this case, I would reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals and remand the case with instructions to dismiss the complaint.
JUSTICE MARSHALL, concurring in the judgment.
While I join in the Court's disposition of this case, I cannot join in its reasoning. The Court addresses the propriety of abstention under the doctrine of Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). There is no occasion to decide if abstention would have been proper unless the District Court had jurisdiction. Were I to reach the merits I would reverse for the reasons stated in the concurring opinions of JUSTICE BRENNAN and STEVENS, in which I join. But I can find no basis for the District Court's unwarranted assumption of jurisdiction over the subject matter of this lawsuit, and upon that ground alone I would reverse the decision below.
Appellee Texaco, a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in New York, was sued in the Texas state courts by appellant Pennzoil, a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in Texas. Because there was no diversity of citizenship, Texaco could not remove Pennzoil's action to Federal District Court, and the action was tried in the state court. After the adverse jury verdict, Texaco filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to enjoin the execution of the Texas judgment, which was not yet final at the time the federal complaint was filed. Texaco filed its federal action without seeking relief from the bonding requirement in any Texas court. The Federal District Court in which Texaco filed sits in another State, more than halfway across the country from the locale in which the case was tried, in which the appeal would take place, and in which the judgment would be executed. Even if Texaco had possessed the power of removal on diversity grounds, it still would not have been entitled to proceed in the forum to which it brought its request for post-trial relief.
Counsel for Texaco suggested at oral argument that venue was proper in the Southern District of New York because Texaco's corporate headquarters is located in that District, and it was there that a Chapter 11 petition would be filed [481 U.S. 1, 24] should Texaco decide to take that step as a result of the adverse Texas judgment. Tr. of Oral Arg. 28, 29-30. Venue in actions not solely predicated upon diversity of citizenship is governed by 28 U.S.C. 1391(b), which provides that venue is proper "only in the judicial district where all defendants reside, or in which the claim arose, except as otherwise provided by law." As we have said, "it is absolutely clear that Congress did not intend to provide for venue at the residence of the plaintiff or to give that party an unfettered choice among a host of different districts." Leroy v. Great Western United Corp., 443 U.S. 173, 185 (1979). Texaco has offered no authority in support of its novel proposition that the situs of plaintiff's potential Chapter 11 petition is a factor to be considered in the determination of venue in a federal civil rights action.
The District Court found that venue was proper in the Southern District of New York on the ground that "[t]he claims arose in this District." 626 F. Supp. 250, 252 (1986). The District Court did not explain how Texaco's claims, which challenged a Texas state-law bonding provision limiting Texaco's opportunity to stay execution of a Texas judgment against property located in Texas, could be said to arise in the Southern District of New York. Pennzoil's failure to move to dismiss for lack of venue, and to contest the District Court's venue determination in the Court of Appeals, precludes any disposition on that ground here, but the clear absence of venue in the District Court further strengthens the odor of impermissible forum shopping which pervades this case.
But no matter in which federal court Texaco's complaint was filed, jurisdiction to hear the case would have been lacking. It is a well-settled principle that federal appellate review of judgments rendered by state courts can only occur in this Court, on appeal or by writ of certiorari. See District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 482 (1983); Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413, 416 [481 U.S. 1, 25] (1923); see also Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v. Locomotive Engineers, 398 U.S. 281, 296 (1970). Both the Court of Appeals and appellee here recognize the relevance of this rule. See 784 F.2d 1133, 1141-1142 (CA2 1986); Brief for Appellee 44. It is said, however, that this principle applies only to review of the substance of state judgments, and that the federal action now before us involved solely a constitutional challenge to procedures for enforcement of the state judgment, totally apart from the merits of the state-court action itself. Id., at 45-46; 784 F.2d, at 1144-1145. In the circumstances of the present case I find this asserted distinction completely unconvincing.
As we have said, "[i]f the constitutional claims presented to a United States district court are inextricably intertwined" with the merits of a judgment rendered in state court, "then the district court is in essence being called upon to review the state-court decision. This the district court may not do." District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, supra, at 483-484, n. 16. While the question whether a federal constitutional challenge is inextricably intertwined with the merits of a state-court judgment may sometimes be difficult to answer, it is apparent, as a first step, that the federal claim is inextricably intertwined with the state-court judgment if the federal claim succeeds only to the extent that the state court wrongly decided the issues before it. Where federal relief can only be predicated upon a conviction that the state court was wrong, it is difficult to conceive the federal proceeding as, in substance, anything other than a prohibited appeal of the state-court judgment.
"Only if Texaco's appeal were patently frivolous would we be justified in holding that any threatened harm to it from effective denial of its right of appeal could be labelled inconsequential. The issue before us, therefore, is not whether Texaco should have prevailed on the merits in the Texas action but whether its Texas appeal presents non-frivolous issues for resolution." Id., at 1153.
But the courts below, by asking whether Texaco was frivolous in asserting that the trial court erred or whether Texaco should have prevailed in the Texas trial court, undertook a review of the merits of judgments rendered by a state court. As the Court of Appeals recognized, the issuance of an injunction depended upon the finding that Texaco had significant claims to assert in its state-court appeal. Because determination of Texaco's claim for an injunction necessarily involved some review of the merits of its state appeal, Texaco's constitutional claims were inextricably intertwined with the merits of the Texas judgment, and thus the District Court lacked jurisdiction over Texaco's complaint in the first instance.
As Justice Holmes observed: "Great cases like hard cases make bad law. For great cases are called great, not by reason of their real importance in shaping the law of the future, but because of some accident of immediate overwhelming interest which appeals to the feelings and distorts the judgment." Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, 400 (1904) (dissenting opinion). The history of this lawsuit demonstrates that great sums of money, like great cases, make bad law. Because a wealthy business corporation has been ordered to pay damages in an amount hitherto unprecedented, and finds its continued survival in doubt, we and the [481 U.S. 1, 27] courts below have been presented with arguments of great sophistication and complexity, all concerned with a case which under clearly applicable principles should never have been in the federal courts at all. The Court's opinion, which addresses in sweeping terms one of these questions, is the result of what Justice Holmes called "a kind of hydraulic pressure which makes what previously was clear seem doubtful, and before which even well settled principles of law will bend." Id., at 401.
Had the sole proprietor of a small Texas grocery sued in the Southern District of New York to enjoin the enforcement of the Texas bonding provision in order to facilitate appeal in Texas from a state-court judgment in the amount of $10,000, the result below would surely have been different, even if inability to meet the bonding requirement and to stay execution of judgment meant dissolution of the business and displacement of employees. The principles which would have governed with $10,000 at stake should also govern when thousands have become billions. That is the essence of equal justice under law. I concur in the judgment of the Court.
I, too, conclude, as do JUSTICE BRENNAN and JUSTICE STEVENS, that a creditor's invocation of a State's post-judgment collection procedures constitutes action under color of state law within the reach of 42 U.S.C. 1983. See Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922 (1982), where I joined the majority opinion. I also agree with them that the District Court was correct in not abstaining under the principles enunciated in Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). See ante, at 19-21 and n. (BRENNAN, J., concurring in judgment); post, at 30, n. 2 (STEVENS, J., concurring in judgment). In my view, to rule otherwise would expand the Younger doctrine to an unprecedented extent and would effectively allow the invocation of Younger abstention whenever any state proceeding is ongoing, no matter how attenuated the State's interests are in that proceeding and no [481 U.S. 1, 28] matter what abuses the federal plaintiff might be sustaining. See Trainor v. Hernandez, 431 U.S. 434, 448 (1977) (concurring opinion). In addition, for the reasons given by JUSTICE BRENNAN, see ante, at 21 (concurring in judgment), I believe that federal collateral review is not barred by the principles announced in District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983), and Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923).
I, however, refrain from joining the opinion of either JUSTICE BRENNAN or JUSTICE STEVENS when they would hold, as JUSTICE STEVENS does, that no due process violation in this context is possible or, as JUSTICE BRENNAN does, that room must be left for some constitutional violations in post-judgment procedures, but only when the organization seeking the appeal has "special attributes as an organization" or when the underlying dispute involves "fundamental constitutional rights." Ante, at 22 (BRENNAN, J., concurring in judgment). Those conclusions, I fear, suffer somewhat from contortions due to attempts to show that a due process violation in this case is not possible or is hardly possible. * Thus, I would not disturb the Court of Appeals' conclusion that Texaco's due process claim raised a "fair groun[d] for litigation" because "an inflexible requirement for impressment of a lien and denial of a stay of execution unless a supersedeas bond in the full amount of the judgment is posted can in some circumstances be irrational, unnecessary, and self-defeating, [481 U.S. 1, 29] amounting to a confiscation of the judgment debtor's property without due process." 784 F.2d 1133, 1154 (CA2 1986).
I conclude instead that this case presents an example of the "narrowly limited `special circumstances,'" Zwickler v. Koota, 389 U.S. 241, 248 (1967), quoting Propper v. Clark, 337 U.S. 472, 492 (1949), where the District Court should have abstained under the principles announced in Railroad Comm'n of Texas v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941). Although the Pullman issue was not pressed before us (but see Brief for Appellant 42-43), it was considered by the Court of Appeals and rejected. 784 F.2d, at 1148-1149. In particular, the court determined that "there [was] nothing unclear or uncertain about the Texas lien and bond provisions" and that abstention was not demanded when there was only a "mere possibility" that the Texas courts would find such provisions unconstitutional. Ibid. I disagree. If the extensive briefing by the parties on the numerous Texas statutes and constitutional provisions at issue here suggests anything, see Brief for Appellant 23-32 and accompanying notes; Brief for Appellee 32-44 and accompanying notes; Reply Brief for Appellant 3-11 and accompanying notes, it is that on the unique facts of this case "unsettled questions of state law must be resolved before a substantial federal constitutional question can be decided," Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229, 236 (1984), because "the state courts may interpret [the] challenged state statute[s] so as to eliminate, or at least to alter materially, the constitutional question presented." Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory, 431 U.S. 471, 477 (1977); see also ante, at 11-12, and n. 11. The possibility of such a state-law resolution of this dispute seems to me still to exist.
[ Footnote * ] In particular, the suggestion that Texaco could enter a Chapter 11 proceeding, pursue its appeal, and then reemerge from this proceeding to continue "business as usual" strikes me as somewhat at odds with the reality of the corporate reorganization that might occur in bankruptcy, especially on the facts of this case. Moreover, while there has been some discussion about a "special law" for multibillion-dollar corporations, I would have thought that our proper concern is with constitutional violations, not with our sympathy, or lack thereof, for a particular litigant. It might also be useful to point out an obvious, but overlooked, fact: Pennzoil, too, is not a corner grocery store.
JUSTICE STEVENS, with whom JUSTICE MARSHALL joins, concurring in the judgment.
The Court of Appeals upheld the injunction based on its conclusion that Texaco has a substantial chance of success on the merits of its federal constitutional challenge to the Texas postjudgment procedures. The court properly held 3 (and Texaco does not contest this conclusion) that Texaco's claims arising out of the jury trial itself could not support the injunction, because those claims are appealable only through the Texas courts. See 784 F.2d 1133, 1143-1145 (CA2 1986). Thus, the injunction must stand or fall on Texaco's argument that the Federal Constitution requires Texas to grant a stay of the judgment pending appeal without requiring a bond.
Pennzoil argues that Texaco's challenge fails because States are under no constitutional duty to provide for civil appeals. Our precedents do tend to support this proposition. 4 [481 U.S. 1, 32] But it is unnecessary to rely on that broad argument in order to reject Texaco's constitutional attack. Texaco does not claim that the Texas procedures make it impossible for it to take an appeal in this case. The Texas rules do not require a bond or security in order to take an appeal; the rules require a bond or security only in order to obtain a stay of the judgment pending appeal. To be sure, neither of Texaco's options under the rules is very attractive. On the one hand, if Texaco does not obtain a stay, Pennzoil can immediately begin executing on its judgment, even while Texaco's appeal is pending. On the other hand, for Texaco to post the security required for a stay would, as the District Court found, seriously impair Texaco's ability to conduct its normal business operations and could even force the corporation into bankruptcy. 5 Neither of these consequences, however, would necessarily prevent Texaco, or its successor in interest - possibly a bankruptcy trustee - from going forward with the appeal. 6 It is certainly wrong to denigrate the seriousness of these effects. But it is similarly wrong to approach this case as one involving an absolute deprivation of the opportunity to appeal.
Texaco nonetheless argues that once Texas has decided to grant stays of executions to some appellants, it cannot deny stays to others on arbitrary grounds. See Lindsey v. Normet, 405 U.S. 56, 77 (1972) (opportunity for appeal "cannot be granted to some litigants and capriciously or arbitrarily denied to others without violating the Equal Protection Clause"). In this case, Texaco claims that denial of a stay pending a bond or posting of security was arbitrary because (1) it is impossible for it to secure a bond for the amount required by Rule 364 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure; (2) posting security under Rule 14c would have a devastating effect on its financial position; and (3) neither a bond nor security is really necessary because Texaco's vast resources provide ample assurance that Pennzoil will be able to collect its judgment in full after the appellate process has run its course. See Brief for Appellee 11.
Admittedly, Texaco makes a sympathetic argument, particularly when it describes the potential adverse impact of this litigation on its employees, its suppliers, and the community at large. But the exceptional magnitude of those consequences is the product of the vast size of Texaco itself - it is described as the fifth largest corporation in the United States - and the immensity of the transaction that gave rise to this unusual litigation. The character of harm that may flow from this litigation is not different from that suffered by other defeated litigants, their families, their employees, and their customers. The price of evenhanded administration of justice is especially high in some cases, but our duty to deal equally with the rich and the poor does not admit of a special exemption for multibillion-dollar corporations or transactions.
[ Footnote 1 ] See Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922 (1982), and cases cited at 932-933. In Lugar, the Court explained that "a private party's joint participation with state officials in the seizure of disputed property is sufficient to characterize that party as a `state actor' for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment." Id., at 941. We reached this conclusion based on the rule that a person "may fairly be said to be a state actor . . . because he is a state official, because he acted together with or has obtained significant aid from state officials, or because his conduct is otherwise chargeable to the State." Id., at 937. This reasoning allows no distinction between a litigant's prejudgment and postjudgment involvement.
[ Footnote 2 ] As the Court of Appeals explained: "The state interests at stake in this proceeding differ in both kind and degree" from the cases in which the Court has held Younger abstention appropriate. 784 F.2d 1133, 1149 (CA2 1986). As JUSTICE BRENNAN's analysis points out, ante, at 19-21, the issue whether "proceedings implicate important state interests" is quite distinct from the question whether there is an ongoing proceeding. See Middlesex County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Assn., 457 U.S. 423, 432 (1982). Although we have often wrestled with deciding whether a particular exercise of state enforcement power implicates an "important state interest," see Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971) (criminal statute); Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., 420 U.S. 592 (1975) (obscenity regulation); Juidice v. Vail, 430 U.S. 327 (1977) (contempt proceedings); Trainor v. Hernandez, 431 U.S. 434 (1977) (welfare fraud action); Moore v. Sims, 442 U.S. 415 (1979) (child abuse regulation); Middlesex County Ethics Comm., supra, (bar disciplinary proceedings); Ohio Civil Rights Comm. v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc., 477 U.S. 619 (1986) (antidiscrimination laws), we have invariably required that the State have a substantive interest in the ongoing proceeding, an interest that goes beyond its interest as adjudicator of wholly private disputes. By abandoning this critical limitation, the Court cuts the Younger doctrine adrift from its original doctrinal moorings which dealt with the States' interest in enforcing their criminal laws, and the federal courts' longstanding reluctance to interfere with such proceedings. See Huffman, supra, at 604.
[ Footnote 3 ] For the reasons stated by JUSTICE BRENNAN, ante, at 21, and JUSTICE SCALIA, ante, at 18, I do not believe that the doctrine described in District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983), and Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), bars the federal courts from considering Texaco's claims. See generally Feldman, supra, at 490 (STEVENS, J., dissenting).
"Here the petitioner has had its day in court. The dismissal has cut off only a statutory right of review after a full trial by judge and jury.
"While a statutory review is important and must be exercised without discrimination, such a review is not a requirement of due process. District of Columbia v. Clawans, 300 U.S. 617, 627 ; Ohio v. Akron Park District, 281 U.S. 74, 80 ; Reetz v. Michigan, 188 U.S. 505, 508 ; McKane v. Durston, 153 U.S. 684, 687 -688."
"An appeal from a judgment of conviction is not a matter of absolute right, independently of constitutional or statutory provisions allowing such appeal. A review by an appellate court of the final judgment in a criminal case, however grave the offense of which the accused is convicted, was not at common law and is not now a necessary element of due process of law. It is wholly within the discretion of the State to allow or not to allow such a review. A citation of authorities upon the point is unnecessary." McKane v. Durston, 153 U.S. 684, 687 (1894).
See also Ortwein v. Schwab, 410 U.S. 656, 660 (1973) (per curiam).
[ Footnote 5 ] The Court of Appeals stated that Texaco has "a liquidation value of $22 billion and a net worth of about $23 billion." 784 F.2d, at 1152; see also id., at 1155; Brief for Appellee 6. As the Court points out, the judgment against Texaco, including prejudgment interest, totaled approximately $11 billion. Ante, at 4.
[ Footnote 6 ] Of course, if Texaco were forced to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 11, the claims of judgment creditors would be automatically stayed. See 11 U.S.C. 362. If Texaco were then to prevail on its appeal from the Texas judgment, the bankruptcy court could dismiss the reorganization proceeding. 11 U.S.C. 1112.
[ Footnote 7 ] See R. Lynn, Appellate Litigation 385 (1985) (collecting provisions on requirements to obtain stay of execution pending appeal). A judgment creditor's interest in the judgment can be adversely affected during the appellate process in a variety of ways. For example, the debtor may purposely dissipate its assets, or subsequent secured creditors may attach the debtor's property.
[ Footnote 8 ] "In the area of economics and social welfare, a State does not violate the Equal Protection Clause merely because the classifications made by its laws are imperfect. If the classification has some `reasonable basis' it does not offend the Constitution simply because the classification `is not made with mathematical nicety or because in practice it results in some inequality.' Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78 [(1911)]." Dandridge v. Williams, 397 U.S. 471, 485 (1970). | 2019-04-24T06:40:43Z | https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/481/1.html |
1. Designation and Number. A series of Preferred Units (as defined below), designated the “10.00% Series B Cumulative Convertible Preferred Units” (the “Series B Preferred Units”), is hereby established. The number of authorized Series B Preferred Units shall be 2,050,000.
“Articles Supplementary” means the Articles Supplementary of the General Partner filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on March 14, 2019, designating the terms, rights and preferences of the Series B Preferred Stock.
“Base Liquidation Preference” shall have the meaning provided in Section 6.
“Business Day” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a).
“Distribution Period” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a).
“Distribution Record Date” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a).
“Junior Units” shall have the meaning provided in Section 4.
“Parity Preferred Units” shall have the meaning provided in Section 4.
“Partnership Agreement” shall have the meaning provided in the recital above.
“Preferred Units” means all Partnership Interests designated as preferred units by the General Partner from time to time in accordance with Section 4.02 of the Partnership Agreement. As of the date hereof, the Preferred Units of the Partnership are the “7.00% Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Units” (the “Series A Preferred Units”) and the Series B Preferred Units.
“Series A Preferred Return” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a) of the First Amendment.
“Series B Preferred Return” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a).
“Series A Preferred Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a) of the First Amendment.
“Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning provided in Section 5(a).
“Series B Preferred Stock” shall have the meaning provided in the recital above.
“Series A Preferred Units” shall have the meaning provided in the definition of “Preferred Units”.
“Series B Preferred Units” shall have the meaning provided in Section 1.
3. Maturity. The Series B Preferred Units have no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption.
4. Rank. The Series B Preferred Units will, with respect to distribution rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Partnership, rank (a) senior to all classes or series of Common Units of the Partnership and any class or series of Preferred Units expressly designated as ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Units as to distribution rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Partnership (the “Junior Units”); (b) on a parity with the Series A Preferred Units of the Partnership and any other class or series of Preferred Units issued by the Partnership expressly designated as ranking on a parity with the Series B Preferred Units as to distribution rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Partnership (the “Parity Preferred Units”); and (c) junior to any class or series of Preferred Units issued by the Partnership expressly designated as ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Units with respect to distribution rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Partnership. The term “Preferred Units” does not include convertible or exchangeable debt securities of the Partnership, which will rank senior to the Series B Preferred Units prior to conversion or exchange. The Series B Preferred Units will also rank junior in right or payment to the Partnership’s existing and future indebtedness.
(a) Subject to the preferential rights of holders of any class or series of Preferred Units of the Partnership expressly designated as ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Units as to distributions, the holders of Series B Preferred Units shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if authorized by the General Partner and declared by the Partnership, out of funds of the Partnership legally available for payment of distributions, preferential cumulative cash distributions at the rate of 10.00% per annum of the Base Liquidation Preference (as defined below) per unit plus the amount of previously accrued and unpaid distributions on the Series B Preferred Units (the “Series B Preferred Return”) from the date of original issue of the Series B Preferred Units. Distributions on the Series B Preferred Units shall accrue and be cumulative from (and including) the date of original issue of any Series B Preferred Units or, with respect to any accrued distributions that have been paid in cash, the end of the most recent Distribution Period for which distributions have been paid, and shall be payable quarterly, in equal amounts, in arrears, on or about the 5th day of each January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day (each a “Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date”) for the period ending on such Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date, commencing on April 5, 2019. A “Distribution Period” is the respective period commencing on and including January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year and ending on and including the day preceding the first day of the next succeeding Distribution Period (other than the initial Distribution Period and the Distribution Period during which any Series B Preferred Units shall be redeemed or otherwise acquired by the Partnership). The term “Business Day” shall mean each day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, which is not a day on which banks in the State of New York are required to close. The amount of any distribution payable on the Series B Preferred Units for any Distribution Period will be computed on the basis of twelve 30-day months and a 360-day year. Distributions will be payable to holders of record of the Series B Preferred Units as they appear on the records of the Partnership at the close of business on the 25th day of the month preceding the applicable Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date, i.e., December 25, March 25, June 25 and September 25 (each, a “Distribution Record Date”).
(b) No distributions on the Series B Preferred Units shall be authorized by the General Partner or declared, paid or set apart for payment by the Partnership at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the General Partner or the Partnership, including any agreement relating to the indebtedness of either of them, prohibits such authorization, declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment shall be restricted or prohibited by law.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, distributions on the Series B Preferred Units will accrue and, to the extent not paid in cash, compound quarterly on each Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date, whether or not the restrictions referred to in Section 5(b) exist, whether or not the Partnership has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such distributions and whether or not such distributions are authorized or declared. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, will be payable in respect of any distribution on the Series B Preferred Units which may be in arrears. When distributions are not paid in full upon the Series B Preferred Units and any Parity Preferred Units (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart), all distributions declared upon the Series B Preferred Units and any Parity Preferred Units shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of distributions declared per Series B Preferred Unit and such Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accumulated distributions per Series B Preferred Unit and such Parity Preferred Units (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid distributions for prior distributions periods if such Parity Preferred Units do not have a cumulative distribution) bear to each other.
(d) Except as provided in the immediately preceding paragraph, unless full cumulative distributions on the Series B Preferred Units have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof is set apart for payment for all past Distribution Periods that have ended, no distributions (other than a distribution in Junior Units or in options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase any such Junior Units) shall be declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment nor shall any other distribution be declared and made upon the Junior Units or the Parity Preferred Units, nor shall any Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any monies be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such Units) by the Partnership (except (i) by conversion into or exchange for Junior Units, (ii) the purchase of Series B Preferred Units, Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units in connection with a redemption of stock pursuant to the Charter to the extent necessary to preserve the Corporation’s qualification as a REIT or (iii) the purchase of Parity Preferred Units pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all outstanding Series B Preferred Units). Holders of the Series B Preferred Units shall not be entitled to any distribution, whether payable in cash, property or units, in excess of full cumulative and compounding distributions on the Series B Preferred Units as provided above. Any distribution made on the Series B Preferred Units shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid distribution due with respect to such units which remains payable. Accrued but unpaid distributions on the Series B Preferred Units will accrue as of the Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date on which they first become payable.
6. Liquidation Preference. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Partnership, the holders of Series B Preferred Units are entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Partnership legally available for distribution to its partners, after payment of or provision for the Partnership’s debts and other liabilities, a liquidation preference of $10.00 per unit (the “Base Liquidation Preference”), plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid distributions (whether or not authorized or declared) thereon to and including the date of payment, but without interest, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of Junior Units. If the assets of the Partnership legally available for distribution to partners are insufficient to pay in full the liquidation preference on the Series B Preferred Units and the liquidation preference on any Parity Preferred Units, all assets distributed to the holders of the Series B Preferred Units and any Parity Preferred Units shall be distributed pro rata so that the amount of assets distributed per Series B Preferred Units and such Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that the liquidation preference per Series B Preferred Unit and such Parity Preferred Units bear to each other. Written notice of any distribution in connection with any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Partnership, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by first class mail, postage pre-paid, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the payment date stated therein, to each record holder of the Series B Preferred Units at the respective addresses of such holders as the same shall appear on the records of the Partnership. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of Series B Preferred Units will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Partnership. The consolidation or merger of the Partnership with or into another entity, a merger of another entity with or into the Partnership, a statutory exchange by the Partnership or a sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s property or business shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Partnership. Notwithstanding the above, for purposes of determining the amount each holder of Series B Preferred Units is entitled to receive with respect to a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Partnership, each such holder of Series B Preferred Units shall be deemed to have converted (regardless of whether such holder actually converted) such holder’s units of such series into Common Units immediately prior to such liquidation event if, as a result of an actual conversion, such holder would receive, in the aggregate, an amount greater than the amount that would be distributed to such holder if such holder did not convert such Series B Preferred Units into Common Units.
7. Conversion. In connection with any conversion of any shares of Series B Preferred Stock of the General Partner pursuant to Section 5 of the Articles Supplementary, the Partnership shall convert, on the date of such conversion, a number of outstanding Series B Preferred Units into a number of Common Units equivalent to the product of the number of REIT Common Shares issued upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock multiplied by the Conversion Factor.
8. Voting Rights. Holders of the Series B Preferred Units will not have any voting rights.
(f) Priority Allocations With Respect To Preferred Units. After giving effect to the allocations set forth in Sections 5.01(c), (d), and (e) hereof, but before giving effect to the allocations set forth in Sections 5.01(a) and 5.01(b), Net Operating Income shall be allocated to the General Partner until the aggregate amount of Net Operating Income allocated to the General Partner under this Section 5.01(f) for the current and all prior years equals the aggregate amount of the Series A Preferred Return and the Series B Preferred Return paid to the General Partner for the current and all prior years; provided, however, that the General Partner may, in its discretion, allocate Net Operating Income based on accrued Series A Preferred Return and the Series B Preferred Return with respect to the January Series A Preferred Distribution Payment Date and the January Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date if the General Partner sets the Distribution Record Date for such Series A Preferred Distribution Payment Date or Series B Preferred Distribution Payment Date on or prior to December 31 of the previous year. For purposes of this Section 5.01(f), “Net Operating Income” means the excess, if any, of the Partnership’s gross income over its expenses (but not taking into account depreciation, amortization, or any other noncash expenses of the Partnership), calculated in accordance with the principles of Section 5.01(h) hereof.
10. Except as modified herein, all terms and conditions of the Partnership Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, which terms and conditions the General Partner hereby ratifies and confirms.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Amendment as of the date first set forth above. | 2019-04-22T00:29:52Z | https://www.hcgovtrust.com/investors/sec-filings/content/0001654954-19-002955/hcgrt_ex61.htm?TB_iframe=true&height=auto&width=auto&preload=false |
The increasing morbidity and mortality for liver diseases and particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) widely started worldwide screening programs and healthcare strategies targeting on the early diagnosis and care of chronic viral hepatitis.
This PhD thesis focused on care of patients with chronic hepatitis C by the study of the epidemiologic, clinical and experimental profile: a) to identify patients with the higher risk of liver damage and clinical evolution and b) to applied the most effective antiviral therapy schedule consisting of Peg-IFN and ribavirin, the only applicable chance for allowing viral eradication and avoiding progressive liver damage and related-complications.
4. the use of the antiviral therapy in the Veneto region: analysis of costs and effectiveness.
1. Background: Chronic HCV infection represents a major cause of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the only effective chance to allows viral eradication and to avoid progression of liver damage. Aim of the study: This analysis dealt with about 3,000 cases with chronic hepatitis C who underwent a clinical follow-up, according to the stage of liver disease (chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, respectively every 6 or 12 months) and that were recruited for antiviral treatment with Peg-IFN-alfa and ribavirin, when indicated, with the purpose of viral eradication and of related cost-analysis to derive the golden healthcare strategy. Methods: Virological tests were performed a) to determine the HCV-genotype, based on reverse hybridization, where in addition to the region 5'NC, was also considered the core region to useful subtyping of HCV-genotype 1 (method: VERSANT HCV 2.0, INNO-LIPA) and b) to monitor viral load or serum HCV-RNA by a quantitative assay (method: COBAS TaqMan Real-Time PCR, linearity range 43-69000000 IU/mL) before, during and after (6 months) of therapy. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the distribution of genotypes in 2 subset of cases with onset of infection before or after 1995 (the date of application routine screening for HCV by techniques of molecular biology) and to identified the best response predictor to antiviral therapy. Results: During a FU-period of 5 years, respectively 1949 and 978 cases with suggestive HCV infection exposure before or after 1995 were analyzed. The comparison showed a significantly difference in epidemiologic characteristics of the population and of the HCV-genotype profile distribution, confirming the concurrent presence of at least 2 HCV-outbreaks characterized: the first, by previous transfusion risk, older age and HCV infection with viral genotypes 1b and 2 and presence of cirrhosis in 24% of cases, the second, mainly by males, younger, with a history of drug abuse, HCV genotype 1a, 3 and 4 and presence of cirrhosis in 10%. Overtime the number of infection with HCV-1b and 2 decreased of 10% (72.8% vs. 62.8%), while the HCV-1a, 3 and 4 increased (27.2% vs. 37.2%) (p <0.01). ROC curves were used to assess the main predictive viral load related to a sustained virologic response to therapy (or absence of viral replication 6 months after cessation of treatment) identifying a cut-off of HCV-RNA <5.2 log (IU/mL) with an Odds Ratio equal to 6 fold respect to higher levels of viraemia (p<0.001). Conclusions: Two cohort of patients with chronic HCV infection were identified by the epidemiological profile, characterized by a different genotype distribution. The best virologic predictor of response to therapy was the lower viraemia at baseline.
2. Background: Recently the ov-serpin squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) was detected in serum associated with IgM (SCCA-IC) in about one third of patients with chronic hepatitis and in up two third of cases with hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of standardized ELISA and ICH methods for determination of SCCA in serum and liver makes these biomarkers very interesting for their potential clinical relevance. Aim of the study was to relate serum levels and tissue SCCA to histological evolution during chronic HCV infection. Material and Methods: Sixty-three consecutive out-patients (33/30 M/F; mean age 48,2±12,2 yrs) with chronic hepatitis, HCV-RNA positive, that underwent biochemical tests and liver biopsy, were tested for SCCA-IC (Hepa-IC, Xeptagen, Italy) and tissue-SCCA (Hepa-Ab, Xeptagen) at the same time. Ishak histologic score was used for necro-inflammatory grading and fibrosis staging. Steatosis degree was scored as: 1 (0-10%) or 2 (>10%) of hepatocytes (x40). The normal upper limit of SCCA-IC was 120 AU/ml, while tissue-SCCA was undetectable in controls. Statistical evaluation was performed by T-test, U-test and Chi-square test as appropriate. The accuracy of SCCA-IC to diagnose disease evolution was defined by ROC curve analysis. Results: Based on histological findings the study population was grouped in cases without (<F3) and with (>F3) septal fibrosis. Serum SCCA-IC levels and liver-tissue SCCA showed a significant correlation (p=0.01). ROC curve analysis for comparison of SCCA-IC levels in cases without and with liver disease evolution discriminated the value of 190 AU/ml as the best cut-off for the prediction of evolution. Conclusions: Serum SCCA-IC appears significantly correlated to SCCA expression in the liver and being circulating levels significantly higher in patients with liver disease evolution. This serum marker may represent a simply and reliable predictor of early progression to HCV-related cirrhosis.
3. Background: Peg-interferon (IFN) and Ribavirin (RBV) is the antiviral standard of care for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This drug-schedule can provoke in about 15-60% of cases, moderate-severe mood affections threatening adherence to therapy. Since IFN doesn’t cross blood-brain barrier, the role of a second messenger mediating the neuro-psychiatric disorders is discussed and particularly cytokines IFN-induced, through lymphocytes T activation, could have an influence on the mood by modulation of serotonine and kynurenine systems. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms during Peg-IFN and RBV antiviral therapy for CHC and than a) to identify risk-cases for neuro-psychiatric symptoms and to compare the different scales used for predicting early anxiety-depressive axis alterations, particularly between the self & hetero administrations, b) to correlate neuro-psychiatric side effects to serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels, and c) to prevent anxiety and depression, ameliorating adherence and compliance to antiviral therapy using SSRI. Methods: Thus, fifty-three out-patients with CHC prospectively recruited in our hepatologic unit, received an antiviral schedule with Peg-IFN-alpha 2a or 2b plus Ribavirin according to genotype (HCV-1-4 for 48 weeks and HCV-2-3 for 24 weeks). The study was done by a trained medical staff and using standard methods as: the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and respective cut-off to grade neuropsychiatric affections. Measurement of tryptophan and kynurenine were analysed by HPLC and the mean changes in biological measures and the intensity of depressive symptoms were estimated by ANOVA overtime: at baseline, 4 and 24 wks during therapy and 3 months after the end-of-therapy. Results: At baseline, 6 cases had a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disease (MDD) as defined by MSD-IV international criteria and fourteen cases developed an IFN-induced depressive disease (IFN-DD) after 4-24 wks of therapy. All these cases were supported with SSRI administration. None of risk-patient dropped-out from this study. All cases showed an evident level-drop in the tryptophan levels, while kynurenine showed a spike after 4-24 weeks of therapy, confirming the patho-physiological involvement of this pathway on TRP depletion by the increase of the KYN/TRP ratio. Conclusions: The prevalence of Peg-IFN-induced depression disease (IFN-DD) reached 30% of cases in the present study, showing in all cases a mild grade of mood affection by all psychiatric scales used. After 4-wk of therapy, a BDI score >9 points identified cases with high-risk of IFN-DD. Subjects with IFN-DD showed a significant correlation with the decrease in serum tryptophan more than 2 ug/mL respect to baseline levels and this feature was closely associated to increase of kynurenine levels and KYN/TRP ratio in all cases. Treatment with SSRI in risk-cases, strongly restored QoL and adherence to antiviral therapy and reverted serum tryptophan depletion.
4. Background: The use of Peg-interferon (IFN) alpha-2a or 2b type plus Ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C therapy in real life practice is significantly targeted to avoid the three fold mortality rates associated to untreated cases, by inducing viral eradication and liver damage regression, so as to define the patients “definitively cured” from liver disease. Aim of this analysis was to describe the modalities of antiviral treatment in the Veneto region, in particular the therapy-schedule mainly used and compare the cost-efficacy of treatment with the 2 available Peg-IFNs with strategies proposed as in the every day practice. Methods: Twelve on-line hepatologic units, centralized by a network prospectively collected data of 450 subjects that underwent antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. A post-hoc retrospective analysis of cases treated from January 2003 to December 2005 was performed, grouping the study population in 167 cases treated with Peg-IFN alpha-2a (PEGASYS, Roche, fixed-dose of 180μg/weekly) and 288 that received Peg-IFN alpha-2b (PEG-INTRON, Schering-Plough, weight-adjusted-dose from 50 to 150 μg/weekly), both in combination therapy with Ribavirin (RBV). Results: Overall SVR, obtained with the Peg-IFN-α2a or α2b plus RBV regimens, was the same (61%), however Peg-IFN-α2b was used at a suboptimal dose in 58% of cases that received <1mcg/kg/week, while 95% of cases treated with Peg-IFN-α2a received the 180 mcg/week. Thus, cases treated with Peg-IFN-α2b<1, showed a lower SVR than those treated with a dose>1mcg/kg/week, respectively 50%vs.66% (p=0,006), particularly in HCV-genotype 1 and 4 (32% vs. 53%; p=0,00). Conclusions: By one-way sensitivity analysis, the Peg-IFN-α2b>1 or Peg-IFN-α2a schedules were favoured in HCV-genotype 1 and 4, while the Peg-IFN-α2b<1 in genotype 2 and 3 was the best choice saving about 1800-4500€ per SVR (81%).
L'aumento di morbilità e la mortalità per malattie del fegato e, in particolare per il carcinoma epatocellulare (HCC), in tutto il mondo ha comportato la necessaria implementazione di programmi di screening e di strategie sanitarie per la diagnosi precoce e la cura delle epatiti croniche virali.
Le ricerche svolte nell’ambito di questo dottorato incentrate sulla cura del paziente con epatite C, si sono articolate su aspetti epidemiologici clinici e sperimentali diretti in particolar modo ad identificare i soggetti a rischio evolutivo e le caratteristiche virologiche più rilevanti nella cura standard dell’epatite C costituita da Peg-IFN e Ribavirina che oggi consente la guarigione di circa la metà dei pazienti.
2. lo studio sulla stadiazione non-invasiva della fibrosi epatica e confronto di marcatori sierici e tessutali.
4. l’impiego della terapia antivirale nel Veneto: modalità d’uso efficacia e costi.
1. Il primo progetto di ricerca ha riguardato circa 3.000 casi con epatite cronica C, che sono stati sottoposti a controlli periodici in base allo stadio della malattia (epatite cronica e/o cirrosi) e, dove indicato, sottoposti a trattamento antivirale con PEG-IFN alfa e ribavirina allo scopo di eradicare l’infezione. Sono stati eseguiti test virologici a) per determinare il genotipo di HCV con il metodo VERSANT HCV 2.0, INNO-LIPA e b) per il monitoraggio quantitativo di HCV-RNA con metodo COBAS TaqMan Real-Time PCR, range di linearità 43-69.000.000 IU / mL, prima della terapia e 6 mesi dopo l'interruzione del trattamento. L'analisi effettuata ha confrontato la distribuzione dei genotipi in circa duemila casi con infezione virale contratta prima dell’anno 1995 (data di applicazione routinaria dello screening di HCV mediante tecniche di biologia molecolare), rispetto a 978 casi con infezione contratta probabilmente nel periodo successivo. E’ stata riscontrata una diversa prevalenza di genotipi nei casi con infezione prima e dopo il 1995: HCV-1b e HCV-2 globalmente interessavano il 72,8% prima del 1995, mentre rappresentano nel periodo successivo il 62,8% (-10%). Al contrario HCV-1a, HCV-3 e HCV-4 mostrano cumulativamente un aumento del 10% interessando prima del 1995 il 27,2% delle infezioni e il 37,2% nel periodo successivo (p <0.01). Questa osservazione ha confermato la presenza nel tempo di almeno 2 episodi di epidemia caratterizzati; il primo da una popolazione con importante rischio trasfusionale, sesso femminile, età media più avanzata, infezione con HCV-1b e HCV-2 e presenza di cirrosi nel 24% dei casi; il secondo, da soggetti maschi, più giovani, con una storia di abuso di droga, infezione con HCV 1a, HCV-3 e HCV-4 e presenza di cirrosi nel 10%. I livelli di viremia valutati con una ROC-curve hanno mostrato un cut-off di HCV RNA <5.2 log (IU / mL) come il principale fattore predittivo di risposta sostenuta nei pazienti sottopost a terapia antivirale (SVR) con un Odds ratio di circa 6 volte rispetto ai livelli viremici più elevati.
2. Recentemente l'antigene del carcinoma a cellule squamose (SCCA) è stato rilevato nel siero in forma di immunocomplesso con IgM (SCCA-IC) in circa un terzo dei pazienti con epatite cronica e fino a due terzi dei casi con carcinoma epatocellulare. La standardizzazione di metodiche ELISA e di immunoistochimica per la determinazione della SCCA nel siero e nel fegato rende oggi questo biomarcatore molto interessante per la potenziale rilevanza clinica. Questo secondo studio ha valutato la correlazione dei livelli sierici e l’espressione tessutale di SCCA specialmente in relazione al rischio evolutivo istologico da infezione cronica da HCV in 63 pazienti affetti da epatite cronica con attiva replicazione virale (33/30 M / F, età media 48,2 ± 12,2 anni) sottoposti a test biochimici di funzionalità epatica, biopsia epatica con valutazione istologica secondo lo score di Ishak. Sulla base dei reperti istologici la popolazione in studio è stata raggruppata in casi senza (<F3) e con (> F3) fibrosi settale. I livelli sierici di SCCA-IC e l’espressione nel fegato di SCCA hanno mostrato una correlazione statisticamente significativa (p=0.01), inoltre, mediante l’analisi delle ROC-curves è stato identificato un livello di SCCA pari a 190 UA ml, come il migliore cut-off per la discriminazione dei casi senza e con evoluzione fibrotica della malattia epatica.
3. Questo terzo progetto di ricerca ha studiato la prevalenza e la gravità dei sintomi depressivi durante la terapia antivirale per l'epatite C cronica con Peg-IFN-alfa e Ribavirina (RBV), allo scopo di: a) individuare i casi più a rischio di sintomi neuro-psichiatrici confrontando le diverse scale utilizzate per la valutazione iniziale di ansia-depressione ed in particolare tra i test auto- o etero-somministrati, b) correlare gli effetti collaterali neuro-psichiatrici con i livelli sierici di triptofano e chinurenina e c) verificare l’efficacia della terapia antidepressiva con SSRI per controllare l'ansia e la depressione IFN-indotta. Sono stati prospetticamente reclutati 53 pazienti sottoposti ad un ciclo di terapia antivirale con PEG-IFN-alfa 2a o 2b + ribavirina per un periodo di 48 settimane se con genotipo HCV-1-4 e di 24 settimane se con HCV-2-3. Sono stati somministrati i seguenti tests: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, scala di Hamilton per la depressione e ansia, Beck Depression Inventory e Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; è stata eseguita la misurazione del triptofano e chinurenina mediante HPLC e i dati ottenuti sono stati valutati con l’analisi statistica per misure ripetute ANOVA. Prima dell’inizio della terapia, 6 casi avevano già una diagnosi di depressione maggiore della malattia (MDD), come definito dal DMS-IV, mentre 14 casi svilupparono una depressione IFN-indotta (IFN-DD) nel corso di 4-24 settimane di terapia e quindi vennero sostenuti con la somministrazione di SSRI. E’ stata registrata una prevalenza di depressione PEG-IFN-indotta (IFN-DD) del 30%. Dopo 4 settimane di terapia, un punteggio di BDI>9 punti ha consentito di discriminare i casi ad alto rischio di IFN-DD che hanno inoltre mostrato una significativa diminuzione del triptofano >2 ug/ml rispetto ai livelli pre-terapia, correlata all’aumento dei livelli di chinurenina e del rapporto KYN/TRP. Il trattamento con SSRI in questi casi ha consentito un miglioramento della QoL e dell’aderenza alla terapia antivirale e anche un incremento dei livelli di triptofano nel siero.
4. L'attuale standard di cura per il trattamento dell'infezione cronica da virus dell'epatite C (HCV) è la terapia di combinazione con Peg-interferone (IFN) alfa-2a o 2b più Ribavirina (RBV). Questo studio ha valutato le modalità del trattamento antivirale nella regione Veneto, in particolare farmaco-utilizzazione e costo-efficacia nella pratica clinica di ogni giorno del trattamento con i 2 Peg-IFN disponibili. Dodici centri epatologici collegati on-line hanno prospetticamente raccolto dati su 450 soggetti sottoposti a terapia antivirale per l'epatite cronica o cirrosi. L’analisi post-hoc dei casi trattati da gennaio 2003 a dicembre 2005 è stata eseguita confrontando 167 casi trattati con Peg-interferone alfa-2a (Pegasys, Roche, a dose fissa di 180μg / settimana) e 288 che hanno ricevuto PEG-IFN alfa-2b (PEG-INTRON, Schering-Plough, con dose di 50-150 μg /settimana) e ribavirina (RBV). Complessivamente la SVR ottenuta con il Peg-IFN-α2a o α2b e RBV è risultata identica (61%), tuttavia i dati di farmaco-utilizzazione hanno mostrato che Peg-IFN-α2b è stato prescritto con un dosaggio sub-ottimale in ben il 58% dei casi con dosi di <1mcg/kg/settimana, mentre il 95% dei casi trattati con PEG-IFN-α2a ha ricevuto la dose piena di 180mcg/settimana. L’analisi di efficacia nei casi trattati con PEG-IFN-α2b<1 ha mostrato una risposta virologica sostenuta inferiore rispetto a quelli trattati con una dose >1mcg/kg/settimana (rispettivamente 50% vs. 66%, p=0,00) ed in particolare, nel caso di genotipo HCV-1-4 (32% vs. 53%, p=0,00). L’analisi di sensibilità ad una via ha indicato che il trattamento con Peg-IFN-α2b>1 o PEG-IFNα2a sono risultati costo-efficaci in caso di infezione da HCV-1-4, mentre Peg-IFN-α2b<1 si è dimostrato il trattamento di scelta in caso di infezione da HCV-2-3 consentendo un risparmio di circa 1.800-4.500€xSVR (81%). | 2019-04-23T02:11:59Z | http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/2727/ |
It is always interesting to look into the mind of an intellectual global controller. Lately, I've been quite keen on global controller, Zbigniew Brzezinski and his great insight into geopolitics, history, and present political affairs in which he presents quite eloquently.
"The American public is basically ignorant about the world. It doesn't get the news. ...Television, the evening news is probably 45 seconds of some international event, hopefully, preferably if it's kind of striking, huge catastrophe of some sort. But nothing kind of more searching. Beyond that, human interest stories. What else do Americans watch? Entertainment, sports, competitive games on television, some sexual play or whatever. But none of it deals with the world. The American public recently had a shocking experience, a terrorist attack. So it's a little bit shaken, and anxious. All of that cumulatively makes the public more prone to demagogy, or to simplistic explanations of what is happening in the world. And that as a feedback then dictates the position that the leaders have to take, and that I think is worrisome."
I'm surprised that people who are really into politics and foreign policy never mention or talk about whether in favor or opposed to people in the actual high positions of power. Why is it that only conspiracy theorists are aware of people like him while lots of intelligent people highly involved in political discussion don't even know who Zbigniew Brzezinski is. Where's all the pro-Brzezinski people? They don't exist.
- The U.S. shouldn't follow Israel around like a stupid mule. We should not let Israel drag us into their wars and let them dictate our national foreign policy.
- Iran doesn't have nukes.
- Keep the United States competitive with China and the East, but as it stands now America and the West is on a decline and the East has gained leverage and power in the world.
If you get the chance, I highly recommend this Zbigniew round table discussion. Very enlightening information and insight coming from a direct insider.
They don't and they shouldn't. Agreed.
Iran won't have nukes only because of the pressure we apply to them. It seems rather like a political bluff.
As it stands now. If the man thinks China is a real-long term threat then he should be on Fox News, not advising the government.
If you think you know more about foreign policy than he does youre a moron. He is the mastermind behind every foreign policy decision made in the past 30 years. He lives foreign policy.
You have no idea who he is do you. He was national security adviser to multiple Presidents both Democrat and Republican. He is the one who bred Obama to be President and stands as Obama's top adviser and mentor, and you think he should be on Fox News? You have no knowledge. How can you say you listen to Canibus, no wonder you have no respect for him.
In school, you learn about these mystical concepts called population trends and economic growth indicators. Perhaps you should try it sometime.
China is the next superpower- unfortunately.
Possibly. The way their going, they could also end up being the next big clusterfvck.
A prognosis based on nothing. It's not that I find reason to reject this possibility, but if you're going to insult somebody, then it really should behoove you to provide some evidence, and then further evidence for the persistent relevance of that evidence that gives you a reasonable amount of confidence in the accuracy of your prediction,.....not just insult and then assert, and then feel victorious.
That's cute. Do you have a pathological necessity to stalk me and try to disagree with what I say, no matter what the content is? Did it really seem like I was trying to present to information? As hard as this may be for you to grasp, that was just an introductory post- I'm not going to go on a one page rant how China's population trends are going to do X and Y without assurance that I'm gonna get a reply.
Also, I don't see anything wrong with my post. If he was in school, he would learn about those things instead of trying to freelance for a hipster urban philosophy blog.
I love how you scold people for doing exactly what you constantly do.
I insinuate from your response that you think the mastermind who created Obama, Zbigniew Brzezinski, is wrong about China.
Zbigniew Brzezinski is the physical embodiment of foreign policy and geostrategy, he masterminded historical events, he was the one who got the phone call about Russia's missile threat and informed the President, and was influential in ending the Cold War peacefully. He writes countless books on geopolitics and foreign affairs and has personally met with all the world leaders.
China could be a far more peaceable superpower than the US. Unlike the US with its bloated military and strong ties to the historically colonising British, China has a history of non-intervention and non-colonisation. I don't understand the widespread fear of China's rise. It will mean far better living conditions for billions of Chinese people. Or are we xenophobic enough that we think that isn't a worthwhile goal?
Brzezinski never said China is going to take over the United States, he suggests that China is going to become a prosperous, manufacturing nation, strong militarily, and leading the way in the world at the rate we are going.
The United States is on a decline because our manufacturing is reaching new lows and were in the position of desolate Germany before Hitler took power, or the decline of Soviet Russia. Hell, even the Russians think were stupid for reelecting Obama saying have we not read a history book?
Then you don't understand American hegemony or more specifically what it means to be the world superpower in the post-Cold War world. And I'm not saying the fear is rational or justified. I'm just saying it makes sense that the American government and other "powers that be" would fear it and therefore it makes sense that a majority of the "common people" would as well. After the Cold War ended, the neoconservatives who had been working up the ranks of the Republican Party for decades, saw it as a golden opportunity for unchallenged American global leadership. After a political exile more or less during the Clinton years, they came back with a vengeance in W's administration. Everything they wanted to enforce they enforced. The U.S. is now a rogue country, and the most powerful country in the world. There is very little to restrain it. The Presidency is more of an Imperial Presidency than ever. The system of checks and balances has never been more of a patently fraudulent joke. Very little changes from one administration to the next, in terms of civil liberties, economic policy, foreign policy, etc -- the qualification for a true one party system.
My point is that given all these things, of course the Americans in 2012 would be fearing the Rise of China (sounds like a movie or something -- The Dark China Rises, ooo can America be Bane?). Oh yes, they dread China's advance as witches do the approach of daylight and scowl on the fatal harbinger announcing the subversions of the duperies on which they live. (Quote courtesy of Thomas Jefferson).
How many of you on DDO actually knew who Zbigniew Brzezinski was before I introduced him?
And what do you know about him now?
Out of school, you learn about this mystical idea that "correlation does not equal causation." Interesting, isn't it?
I'd heard of him. I didn't realize he was on par with Glenn Beck. Thanks for informing me.
He isn't. He's a respected foreign policy expert on the left who advised Jimmy Carter. If he was really the mastermind of American foreign policy over the last few decades, our policy in Gaza and Israel would be significantly different.
Youre an idiot. He controls the foreign policy of the entire West. He co-founded the Trilateral Commission with David Rockefeller, he is a CFR member, and a Bilderberger.
He is the biggest geo-strategic master in the world and youre saying he's on par with Glenn Beck? Zbigniew Brzezinski knows more about China in his left pinky than you have ever heard about China in your entire life. He has spoken directly to Chinese diplomats. You, have no knowledge.
1. Will you shut up already? Zbigniew Brzezinski pales in comparison to some of the strategists we've had (Samuel Huntington, Henry Kissinger, George Friedman, Robert Kaplan, Minxin Pei and all the guys at Carnegie) and he's just as bad as Fareed Zakaria, who's entire monologue is plagiarized from smart people.
2. China is not a superpower and will (and already is) experiencing massive problems. Ironically, I'm debating this (take a quick peek) and if you look closely China is in a deep whirlpool just like Japan in the 1990's. I could list all of its problems here but I'm too lazy to.
3. Read some foreign affairs and foreign policy (I also like StratFor) and then come back and spit out your idolism.
Youre disinfo agent trying to downplay Brzezinski's role in the world as global puppet master. You and your Stratfor disinfo agent friends have been exposed.
As I said before, it is you who are clearly the paid disinformation agent of Ron Paul and his neo-Nazi agenda. What do you have to say for yourself?
I like him? No. He's an Illuminati global puppet master who controls Barack Obama. The fact that he is one of the most powerful men in the world and you never heard of him and scoff at the mention of his name shows how incredibly naive and willfully ignorant you are. Youre going to brush him off because you think I support? If your gauge of truth and importance is based on my whims, you are an idiot.
Ron Paul is the number one biggest opponent of authoritarianism. Youre claim that he is a Neo-Nazi is patently absurd. Whats next, are you gonna call George Washington a Communist Fascist wanted to consolidate as much power as possible? Get a grip.
I didn't scoff at the mention of his name. I scoffed specifically at your mentioning of his name. You are a gauge of truth in the sense that you are nuts. This is what I meant about you being your own worst enemy. It doesn't matter if you're right if no one listens to you.
ZB says Israel controls our foreign policy. Ron Paul admits it is we who control theirs instead.
I'm 2 steps ahead of you. I've already done all the research on that. He's not a Stratfor agent, he hired a graphic artist editor-in-chief who has a long resume including an intern at Stratfor and wrote a Cyberwarfare piece.
She appears to be a turncoat because she took a stand against the TSA and filmed them for Opt Out & Film campaign.
It may be the case that Alex was coerced into giving information to the Stratfor information extraction project in exchange for insider intel, who knows. But he himself is not an agent of any sort. | 2019-04-18T12:32:52Z | https://www.debate.org/forums/Politics/topic/26906/ |
Approximately a quarter of the Bible is prophecy that has to do with how the world goes in the future. It is a detailed picture of many events leading up to the well-known final conflict on earth known as the Battle of Armageddon.
Preceding this event many things have to occur to set the stage. Two of those things are now converging at breakneck speed. They are fully known by the bible believing people of earth, but as predicted they are completely unseen by those who are not.
The convergence of the apostasy (falling away) and political correctness is one of the major prophecies of end times. The world imagines PC to be the means by which everyone learns to walk hand in hand with a smile and that includes all major religions. Prophecy says the world will try it, even as some rush to build nuclear weapons, oppress entire nations and expand their power base right in our smiling happy PC faces.
In the ‘PC prophecy’ war only one emerges as true and it goes without saying which one that will be.
From the Pope to Oprah Winfrey all seem to be in agreement, God, like gold is wherever you find him. The falsehood of last day’s apostasy has to do with the source or the direction from which your religion originated. If it came from earth, a concoction of rules, liturgies, laws and ceremonies by which to placate God it is always a falsehood.
If it comes from above and has no fingerprints of man on it, it is God showing us who he is and what he wants of us. From the giving of the law (Ten Commandments) to the revelation of his son (Jesus Christ) God has bypassed man’s religious proclivities and provided a revelation of himself, quite without the help of man.
Religion, itself is cancelled completely as long as it is only used as a substitute and not a supplement. God wants relationship, not religion. In fact, without it religion naturally becomes the biggest substitute man has ever conjured to keep himself busy with God stuff, but completely removed from God himself.
If ceremony and outward practices could have produced God then we would see the complex Jewish temple system of worship still in place today. It has passed and its modern counterpart Catholicism will also take the same path in the last days – that too is prophecy.
When mega-celebrity Oprah Winfrey declared that she had abandoned the Christian faith after hearing a sermon in which her preacher described God as a jealous God, she took the bait and ran before discerning the meaning of “jealousy” in the context of the first commandment.
It is an error that many are making in today’s climate of hyper-PC nonsense. In a politically correct world, proponents of PC are the new social prophets. The presumption and pitifulness of elevating celebrities above the revealed word of God will not be noticed until the last day of time – for some. The final result of this error will not be a pretty thing to see.
God is not jealous for himself as if there were some heavenly competition between him and other gods. The truth is that there are no other gods. They do not exist.
The jealousy is for us. It is the equivalent of watching our sons or daughters being hoodwinked by a crooked jewelry salesman who sells a zircon in place of a diamond to give as their engagement ring to their nuptial.
Are religions without a Savior who died for the sins of the world and rose from the grave zircons? You can bet on it. Is God jealous when we waltz off into error and deception, you can bet on that too. This is reasonable jealousy and if we had better sense we would be thankful God is sufficiently jealous. It isn’t that zircons aren’t pretty, but like God, what person doesn’t want the real thing for their own children?
1.) Prior to the attacks of 9/11 the West knew little of the religion of Islam and even less of the book called the Qu’ran that guides most of the 1.2 billion Muslims in our world. Those days have changed dramatically.
Hundreds of books and many articles are available to show us the differences we have never known. They are differences so stark and radical that ignoring them is dangerous. Articles like Geri Ungurean’s – “The Muslim Jesus Vs. The Jesus of the Holy Bible” should not be missed or J. Matt Barber’s - “Are Christians and Muslims the Same?” It is the bible that stands in direct contrast to the message that emerged from the caves of Medina in the seventh century. And in no uncertain terms that message is in direct conflict with the bible.
When Christ was found casting out devils the religious leaders of his day decided that he must be casting out the devils by the power of Satan. His reply to them was divine, but one would think it was too apparent for even the Pharisees to miss.
The question is simple – if Satan knows his kingdom is in jeopardy if he kicks out his demons why would God let some of his children kill some of his other children in his other name – Allah.
Unless God has been overcome by a serious case of schizophrenia he would never direct some of his children to murder some of his other children. This fact is woefully ignored by today’s ecumenicists who insist that the God of the bible and Allah are one and the same.
The murder of Christians and anyone else who is non-Muslim is proof enough that Allah and the God of the bible are not the same. Not even close!
2.) Christ made it clear that in the Day of Judgment that everything we have done to others will be counted as something we did to him. This proclamation includes every human being on earth not just the believers.
Whether it is acts of kindness or Jihad against someone – all deeds will be regarded as something done to Jesus Christ.
If Allah and the God of the bible are one, then exactly why is God encouraging acts against his Christ and those who follow him?
If you need further explanation for this blaring contradiction, then you may want to first look up the meaning of the word ‘reprobate’ - because you are already there.
When this test, provided by the Apostle Paul, is administered to the revelations alleged to have been given to Mohammed by the angel Gabriel in the caves of Medina, that vision comes up short.
No part of the gospel of Christ includes the killing of other people to promote Christ or any other deity some may imagine exists.
The conclusion is obvious, Allah and the God of the bible are not one and the same and it is more likely that one is actually the god of this world acting out what he does best which is to tell damning and dangerous lies to an unsuspecting world.
Jesus warned the religious leaders of his day that they had become children of the devil, how much more does this warning apply today as the world sinks into PC generated apostasy?
We know that being only a politician and not a trained theologian George Bush was bound to utter the phrase about Islam being a “peaceful religion.” Hundreds of terror attacks around the world since that phrase was spoken have dispelled the naiveté in which it was uttered.
Now that the Qu’ran has been examined from cover to cover it is discovered that the book is what is radical. Muslims are only as radical as they are serious about the book.
Contrary to the PC generated saying that is heard around the world that we are only fighting radical or extremist Muslims who are terrorists, it is time to get a great deal more honest. When a Christian gets serious about the bible they will study scriptures more, do acts of kindness or become active in ministry. When Muslims start to take the Qu’ran seriously someone will die.
Writer Greg Holt of the Olive Branch Report notes in an article in which he shows a video of Attorney General Eric Holder defending Islam. One of the most significant, yet almost completely overlooked dangers of the Qu’ran Holt says, is the call to kill the “infidel” and it is a command not a suggestion in the Qu’ran. Believing in what is perceived by Muslims as God is only half the picture, being under command to kill those who don’t believe is the other half. Holder, Obama and half of America doesn’t seem to get this dangerous fact.
On Allen B. West’s website there is an article entitled “Right here in Texas: Islamic conference features speaker implicated in WTC bombing”. The article which points out that the conference is being attended by unindicted co-conspirator of the 1993 WTC bombing.
The blog replies to West’s article are strong and scathing at the least, but perhaps one person named Frank S. said it all with this comment.
His view seems to be that complacency is a form of complicity and he worded it thusly.
So far he has garnered more “likes” than anyone else on the blog.
Harshness is not the aim of this article, but it is honesty. Admitting that the book we call the Qu’ran is what is radical and that it is making radicals of many Muslims is the beginning of that honesty. | 2019-04-24T08:12:52Z | http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm/6165627?articleid=6165627 |
[Episcopal News Service] An Episcopal Church reference panel has apparently recommended seeking “conciliation” with nine bishops (five active and four retired) after two complaints were filed earlier this year about their involvement in property litigation in two dioceses.
A conciliator will be appointed to assist in the process towards reconciliation. That person, according to the canon, should be skilled in dispute resolution techniques and without conflict of interest in the matter.
“If conciliation cannot be achieved within a reasonable time, the matter will be referred back to the reference panel,” the canon states.
Episcopal Church Public Affairs Officer Neva Rae Fox told ENS that the information about the reference panel’s recommendation is based on private letters that Bishop Clay Matthews, who heads the church’s Office of Pastoral Development, sent to the nine bishops.
“As with similar letters, they are considered private and, therefore, we will not be making them public,” she said.
Matthews also serves as the “intake officer,” the person designated to receive complaints alleging offense and refer them for further action or investigation if necessary. Matthews was appointed to that role by Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori.
The complaints against the nine bishops surfaced in June.
The motion for summary judgment in that case was rejected in December 2011 and the case is due to go to trial in April 2013.
As per canons, the reference panel is composed of the intake officer, the presiding bishop and the president of the Disciplinary Board of the House of Bishops (IV.2). The reference panel is charged with the duty of reviewing information to determine how to refer the matter (IV. 6.sec. (8)). The referral options are (a) no action is required other than appropriate pastoral response pursuant to Canon IV.8; (b) conciliation pursuant to IV.10; (c) investigation pursuant to IV.11; or referral for possible agreement regarding terms of discipline pursuant to IV.9.
Once again the Episcopal Church fails to demonstrate that it is not a clownish farce.
No, once again, The Episcopal Church demonstrates that it expects bishops to keep their ordination vows.
The ordinary for a Bishop includes faithfulness to the discipline and doctrine of the Church but does NOT include unconditional acquiescence to the Presiding Bishop, who is merely primus inter pares (if even that).
These Bishops are under fire for expressing personal opinion on an issue before civil courts – where the Bible says disputes between Christians should NEVER have been taken in the first place.
Discipline includes canon laws. They did not simply hold differing views, they interferred in a court case in which the Episcopal Church was a party…against the official legal position of this church. They have been accused. Conciliation is an attempt to reach some reconcilation and avoid bringing them to trial in an ecclesiastical court.
Tom Downs, “discipline” most certainly includes obedience to canon law, but you will search the canons in vain to find any provision that allows the Presiding Bishop, or anyone else in the Church, to speak by themselves what you call “the official legal position of this church” in secular courts. General Convention has no authority to interpret the Constitution and Canons, and the Presiding Bishop has still less. Moreover, Canon IV.19.2 prohibits any member of the Church, “whether lay or ordained,” from seeking “to have the Constitution and Canons of the Church interpreted by a secular court,” or to “resort to a secular court to address a dispute arising under the Constituttion and Canons …”.
So why does the Presiding Bishop get to speak her views of the Constitution and Canons in court, but not other bishops in the Church? The truth is that the Presiding Bishop is making up that so-called “official position” out of whole cloth, and is letting her own personal Chancellor run wild with litigation — all to his personal benefit.
This is a disgrace which would not be tolerated in any public corporation or charity — so why should we Episcopalians accept it in our own Church?
Actually, “expressing personal opinion on an issue” is exactly what this is not. In both complaints, the bishops charged entered into legal action against those in the Episcopal Church. When they were merely expressing their opinions–as they have done, for years–they were within their rights. For any bishop to participate in legal action against the church violates their ordination vows and cannot go unchallenged.
where does the bible say that about disputes? I believe the Gospel of Matthew even provides a methodology for resolving disputes. See chapter 18.
Aye, to Bishop Epting. As a lay person who lost her home parish near four years ago due to greed of dissidents, I would expect all bishops to either uphold the Constitution and Canons of The Episcopal Church or to quietly depart – without attempting to take the property – as did Jeffrey N. Steenson.
Ms. Anderson, your pain speaks to the unnecessary collateral damage caused by this entire process. While I’m sorry for your pain, I note that the Episcopal Church has, in large measure, left the so-called “dissidents” rather than the other way around, and the “greed” you mention isn’t limited to the “dissidents”.
If over 90% of a parish votes to leave, being forced to leave the property and endowments behind is a hardship to them, as well as to the remnant who are forced to maintain buildings and ministries beyond the capability of the smaller group – in both cases working against the ability to continue and grow the ministries which are the reason for the Church in the first place. While there have been exceptions in which the remnant grew sufficiently to stay viable, this is far from universal.
The Presbyterian Church USA is taking a more enlightened and conciliatory approach, working toward offering conservative congregations the opportunity to leave PCUSA and join other Presbyterian denominations more in line with their theology, and doing so in a structured way, “decently and in order”. Perhaps it’s time for ECUSA to evaluate this possibility.
Mr Yarborough, according to Presbyterian polity, officers of the Presbyterian church have no claim on the property of an individual congregation. Things don’t shake down in quite that way in the polity of TEC.
it seems some would prefer we break out the dueling pistols rather than make any attempt to reconcile. come ON, folks!
This is not between Bp. Lawrence and the Presiding Bishop. This issue is between Bp. Lawrence and the members of his own diocese that brought a complaint against him.
The Presiding Bishop did what she is supposed to do…uphold the Canons of the Church.
Too little, too late. TEC is a heterodox institution of religion that eats her own. Shame!
Twelve (12) communicants, who represent less than 300 communicants out of 29,000 communicants in the Diocese of SC, brought these charges against Bishop Lawrence. Those three hundred are .01 % of the total members of the Diocese of SC. What does that percentage tell you about Bishop Lawrence? It tells me that 99.99 percent of the Diocese of SC supports Bishop Lawrence. I would say that one tenth of one percent does not constitute a diocese that is unhappy with their Bishop, but the exact opposite.
This has nothing to do with Bishop Lawrence. However, making a disciplinary matter out of a difference of opinion about legal matters–however wrong they may be– is ridiculous. I doubt seriously that ordination deprives one of their First Amendment rights to express their opinions about matters in the secular courts. These complaints should have been dismissed on their face. And that is true even though ECUSA and the respective dioceses should win the cases in question.
Sadly, the President Bishop is “damned” if she does, or if she doesn’t, by certain individuals….
Dear Bishop Benitez! He confirmed me twenty-eight years ago at Saint Alban’s, Waco. He’s a grand old man. May God give him and the other nine bishops every grace needed to stand firm against the patent silliness that’s swirling about them. They aren’t the ones in need of reconciliation.
Take what ever position you want, but I find it sad that the only time the Episcopal Church makes it into the paper is when we squabble. Our behavior mocks the gospel. The only person who wins is the last one any of us wants to win.
I find myself asking a strange question: Can one be reconciled with someone who has no interest in being reconciled? Do these bishops want to be reconciled? This reminds me of some horrible marriage counseling sessions when one of the parties has already gotten a lawyer.
See to it that no one takes you captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, and you have been filled in him, who is the head of all rule and authority.
We give You thanks that Christ transcends all dimensions and realms, seen and unseen. We pray that each of the ten bishops found guilty by TEC’s disciplinary apparatus will walk in Jesus, rooted and built up in Him. Christ Jesus is the head of all rule and authority, all principality and power. At the name of Jesus, every principality, power, ruler of the darkness of this world, and spiritual wickedness in high places must bow its knee.
Christ before the bishops, Christ behind them, Christ to their right, Christ to their left, Christ above them, and Christ beneath them. Christ over their time. Christ! Christ! Christ for Mark, Peter, Maurice, John, Paul, William, Bruce, Daniel, Edward, and James. Amen. | 2019-04-21T18:17:46Z | https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2012/10/25/reference-panel-recommends-conciliation-with-9-bishops/ |
Please note– I know it’s been a god-awful amount of time since my last post. This has been a topic I’ve wanted to discuss for months and finally have the time to dedicate to writing blog posts again. It feels like a bit of a rant–I suppose it is.
Lately I’ve found myself very critical of the modern ficition being pumped out into the literary world. After a few too many books, I began to question if some authors are secretly endorsing products mentioned in their novels. Ok not really, but have you ever noticed the overwhelming amount of branding there are in some novels? I can assure you that if you were to flip open any young adult novel at a Barnes and Noble, the main character will at least mention a few labels. Whether it’s the Levi Jeans they’re wearing or the iPhone in their back pocket, there’s going to be a mention of some major label in there. I know we want the readers to connect with the protagonist and supporting characters, but really? Can we not just connect to these characters on a purely human/emotional level? Do we really need product placement?
I’ve never read a scene and thought to myself “oh yeah I can relate to her disappointment that she received a Hummer rather than a Porsche.” It’s the same sort of disconnect you have watching soap operas. There is no correlation between these characters and your own personal dilemmas. Their struggles are entirely different than the average viewers. I’m not the owner of a multi-million dollar fashion house, nor do any of my family have such connections. I also seem to recall that I haven’t married the same man 14 times and been married to at least six other men. Sure I’ve suffered heart break, but not in the way these characters have.
Don’t get me wrong, I’m okay with product labeling to a certain degree. I think in some ways, it is better to just describe items in a creative way, rather than mention labels. Describe them in fine detail, to allow the reader a sense of how they look visually. Just telling me it’s a Vera Wang does give me the faintest clue what I should be envisioning and only gives me an idea of the extravagant costs. If that is the purpose of mentioning the brand, that is fine. Use labels to express a point–not just throw out names because “people will know these labels!” An author once said something along the lines of “every word should serve a purpose.” It’s a good practice.
If I were to publish a book now and list off a couple of major brands, who is to say those brands will exist in fifty or one hundred years? Anyone reading the book that far in the future may have no idea what this label is–for all they know it’s fiction. No matter the decade a book is written, I want people to connect to it. Not by superficial brands that hold no real significance. Not because smart phones are all the rage. What has happened to characters and people relating by life? Emotional conflicts? Understanding and relating to their struggles? What is your view on product labeling in fiction? Do you find it acceptable or is it a nuisance? How often do you use branding in your own work?
I have three posts I’ve been working on for the last month or so. One is my view on modernizing fiction and how some authors tend to go overboard. I won’t go too much into this now, as this topic is for later and I don’t have the mental grasp to sit here and focus on a full blog post. Another is inspirations for writing, the good and the odd. The third is Anime–that’s all I’ll tell you. So (soonish) one of these posts will be up and it will appear that I’ve actually accomplished finishing something. Now if I could accomplish finishing a novel. . .
And then she fell in love. . .
I remember not being a fan of books as a kid. Besides Little Women and The Witch of Blackbird Pond, you couldn’t force me to read a book unless there was a prize involved. English class and I were mortal enemies until one morning when I was fourteen, when one assignment changed everything for me.
Every class was spent reading, filling out worksheets, writing reports, or watching a film based on whatever book we had just finished. There wasn’t much creativity involved and the books we had read weren’t exactly the most exciting things I had ever read. A good portion of them were only excerpts from books and didn’t whet my appetite enough to track the full novels down and read them.
It was on that one particular morning that I remember the looks on my classmates faces. The look of bewilderment as our teacher gave us our new assignment. She read a a small paragraph that told of a person and a place, and the general mood of the scene. The character was in their house and sitting in a chair. Nothing particularly exciting was taking place. It was was up to us, our duty to make it exciting. I groaned a little, thinking this was going to be a terrible assignment. It had been at least three years since I wrote anything and lets face it, fifth grade writing assignments aren’t Shakespearean work. But I did as she asked.
I sat at my word processor for hours, thinking and typing. Erasing everything and typing again until I was pleased with what I had written. One story had consumed my entire night and by the time it was finished I was the happiest girl in the world. Not because the dreaded assignment was done, but because I had written something I was proud of.
The next day we were to read our work aloud to the class, which I wasn’t thrilled about. All through middle and high school I was the quiet kid, I didn’t talk in front of people that much. What if I were to pronounce something wrong in front of everyone? I was laughed at enough already, no need to add more to things to the pile. One of my classmates had offered to read it for me, but by the time my turn came class was over and all I could do was hand it in. Even though it was never read in front of everyone, I was still proud of that story. Getting an A was the icing on the cake.
Over the next year I started writing fanfiction, terrible fanfiction, but that didn’t hamper my love of writing the fiction I wished were true. I had no idea it was called fanfiction at the time, all I knew was that I wanted to write my own episodes and sequels to movies because I was unsatisfied with how many of them had ended. That one little story was like a small rain cloud that had morphed into a harrowing hurricane. It wasn’t long until I was writing every day and beginning to write my own fictional stories. Mostly fantasy of course.
I’m sure by now you can tell my grasp of grammar is mediocre at best (at least I type full words online and not talk like a computer sputtering out broken code. . .I cringe when I see people use L33t speak instead of taking the time to type out full words. Come on guys, you probably spend more time looking to see which key you’re going to hit when you speak L33t. Train yourself enough and you can type out full words without blinding your fellow internet lurkers and type at lightning speed!) and what I know of writing books is knowledge I’ve gathered from years of reading other’s talented works. Someday, when my family life has calmed down and I have the money/time to dedicate to it, I hope to take a writing class. I’ve improved since my days of sitting behind a desk and listening to the teacher prattle on about how the book we were to read was a work of literary genius. There’s still much room for improvement. MUCH room. . .a football stadium seems like room enough .
I have a terrible habit that has plagued me for years and I wish I could rid of. Ever began writing and feel so satisfied with the words on the page, but read over it and start making edits until you’re frustrated? The story is suddenly a muddled mess and you start finding your own plot holes. Before you know it, you have paragraphs gone, pages missing, and you start to wonder if you should scrap your current work and start over. If you knew how many times I’ve done this with one particular story, you would have me admitted to a psych ward. Yeah, I need serious help.
One of my biggest problems is expectations. Not just of myself, but the expectations of my some-day potential readers. I’ve read the words of authors such as George R.R. Martin, Terry Goodkind, Patrick Rothfuss, Dan Brown, J.K. Rowling, Charlaine Harris, and so many others that it would take me hours to list. Many of them have followings that are massive and fans that have extremely high expectations. I will never reach those heights, but I still worry how my work will be perceived. What if people enjoyed something I write? What if people hate it?
The authors I’ve mentioned have legions of fans, but also as many haters. That’s how fandoms work. Not everyone will love what you love. Everyone enjoys different things and to expect everyone to love the same things as you is unreasonable. Hear that K-pop netizens? Ok randomness aside, it worries me how people will perceive my work. Will they read my book and think that I’m some uneducated dyslexic wanna-be writer? Or someone that had a story to tell and did it to the best of her ability? I hope the latter of course. I’m kind of both in a way. Not the uneducated part of course. Dyslexia gallops rather than runs rampant through my family.
So I want to ask, do you ever feel your writing isn’t good enough? Fear that people will pick at it until it’s left as nothing but a poor carcass that you feel you wasted your time, blood, sweat, tears, and sanity to create? How do you combat the feeling that your writing ability and story aren’t good enough? | 2019-04-22T18:44:30Z | https://iheartfantasy.wordpress.com/tag/reading-2/ |
So you’ve created a fantastic concept and also a vision to form a nonprofit company. Yet where do you start? Here we’ve offered your guidebook to get a new nonprofit off the ground with sustainability always in mind corporation create net banking corporation create net banking.
The process of developing and including a nonprofit resembles a firm, besides a few distinctions. corporation create net banking A nonprofit can not be created from any of the following entities: Sole Proprietorship, Limited Responsibility Corporation or a Company “C” or “S”.
A nonprofit, like a corporation, is a legal entity different from the creator( s); it can make it through the life of its owner( s) as well as can exist considerably. Unlike a company that is possessed corporation create net banking by its shareholders, a nonprofit does not have shareholders and also is not possessed by anyone, yet is taken care of by the board of supervisors. The other distinctive difference between a company as well as a nonprofit is how the earnings is strained. Now, allow’s take you via the process.
Tip One: Recruit a Board of Directors. A board must include diverse depiction from the following: financing, lawful, someone that stands for or is thought about a specialist when it come to your mission, somebody that stands for the people you exist to serve, neighborhood corporate executive( s) – corporation create net banking specifically from a company that has the tendency to money organizations like yours, community/professional volunteer( s) – persons with a network of riches, and an additional nonprofit executive. Ensure that you work description in position which clearly shows board member expectations, including all info related to your nonprofit. Assumptions corporation create net banking should include administration, financial backing, and hands-on management. You do not desire a board of supervisors that really feels “just turning up” satisfies their duty. Ultimately, you never stop searching for great board participants. Your board needs to have a collection period to make certain there is always area for fresh faces, suggestions, as well as connections.
Step Two: Formation Meeting. The development conference is a meeting of the initial board of supervisors to vote on integrating and seeking the tax obligation exemption standing as well as to establish the purpose of the nonprofit. During this meeting and all subsequent board conferences, ensure to take meeting minutes to reveal a consentaneous arrangement by the board prior to moving on corporation create net banking.
Tip 3: Naming Your Nonprofit. Name option is necessary since it determines your function and develops your identification and identity and also brand. Choose your organization name like you choose your youngster’s name-repeat it commonly, pretend to address the phone utilizing the name to listen to if it has a nice ring to it. You could select almost corporation create net banking any kind of name you desire for your organization as long as it is not already in use. You can inspect name accessibility on your state’s controling website to see if it is offered before you submit it. Typically, this is the secretary of state’s office.
Tip 4: Include. The unification process is similar to that of a corporation. The Articles of Consolidation are ready and filed with the state’s regulating body; again, normally the Secretary of State’s workplace. Some states have example posts which you can get and use in drafting your write-ups, nevertheless, fulfilling the state’s minimum declaring requirement does not always suggest you meet the Internal Revenue Service’s demands. corporation create net banking Make sure you appropriately as well as meticulously draft short articles of unification that meet the requirements of the Internal Revenue Service if you prepare to request federal tax obligation exemption; which you will. There is a filing charge connected with this procedure paid to the state. The fee for the state is normally around $100; the declaring charge for your tax-exempt condition is around $850.
Step Five: The Bylaws. You are called for to prepare bylaws for your nonprofit. Laws are the policies made use of by the board to control your nonprofit. Many states do not call for a copy of the laws to be submitted with the state. Regardless of filing demands, it is a state regulation needs that a bundled entity have written bylaws. The IRS will call for a copy of the bylaws to be filed with your application for tax-exemption.
Step Six: Get your Federal Employer Recognition Number (EIN). As soon as you’ve completed your documentation, you will certainly have to make an application for an Employer Recognition Number (EIN) also referred to as a government tax obligation ID from the IRS. You can do this swiftly and easily online. Do not forget to publish out a copy for your permanent documents. You will additionally require a copy to submit to the Internal Revenue Service with your tax exception application. To get your EIN go to the Internal Revenue Service’s site. It is necessary to note that simply holding an EIN number does not indicate you are approved as a 501( c) 3 by your state or the Internal Revenue Service. You can increase cash for your organization prior to authorization. corporation create net banking Nevertheless, be mindful that most of the time, providing companies call for an accepted 501( c) 3 as well as will certainly request a duplicate of your accepted condition letter.
Tip Seven: Application for tax exemption to the IRS. After you have included your nonprofit and obtained your EIN, then you can start your tax exception application to the Internal Revenue Service utilizing Internal Revenue Service Form 1023. The form can be gotten at the IRS site. This is a comprehensive application. You should carefully review the guidelines, learn about the regulations of compliance, complete the application, and gather & assemble the accessories. Employing a professional in order to help you is very advised. If you are attempting to do this by yourself, the Internal Revenue Service estimates a few hundred hours are required to finish this application. After your first review, finish the application to the ‘letter’ of their direction. If your application is not clear or missing crucial information, it will be returned to you for more information. If it does not fit within the tax obligation exemption regulations, it will certainly be denied. As stated above, there is a charge connected with this application; about $850. The fee changes regularly, so make certain to check the declaring charge before you submit the application. The Internal Revenue Service is currently taking between 6-8 months to assign the application to an excluded company expert. If your application is accepted, you will get a “Letter of Resolution” that categorizes your organization as tax obligation excluded. The good feature of this lengthy procedure is that the date of your exception is retroactive to the date that the Internal Revenue Service first received your application. This implies that if you did get a contribution calling for 501( c) 3 status prior to your authorization, you will ultimately remain in compliance with the financing company and also the IRS. Yet, it is not advised to increase funds on the surface up until you obtain your Letter of Resolution.
State Tax Exception. Most states identify as well as approve the government tax obligation exemption “Letter of Decision.” Nonetheless, there is a handful of states that have extra state requirements to be earnings tax excluded for state purposes. You will need to consult your state’s regulating body to see if there are additional state needs.
Continuous Compliance. After you are formally integrated as a nonprofit organization, there are a handful of things that you must do to preserve conformity with state and also federal requirements. Some states require a yearly report. The majority of states need a yearly business revival, and some states do not need state revenue tax obligations to be filed unless the nonprofit obtains a certain limit revenue. As you can see, each state runs in a different way. The trick is to keep yourself informed as well as updated with the demands of your particular state. On the government side, IRS Form 990 or a variation of Type 990 is called for to be submitted each year. This is the yearly income tax return type for nonprofit organizations despite income. Presently, the law states that if you cannot file Kind 990 for 3 successive years, the Internal Revenue Service will instantly withdraw your nonprofit condition. If this happens, then the nonprofit could no longer get tax-deductible payments. Furthermore, you will have to reapply for tax exception once more. You have actually made the effort to construct your nonprofit, so take the time to deal with it as well as continue to be compliant.
Following month look for a detailed process to raise those first dollars for your newly included nonprofit.
ML Wagner Fundraising Group is a little firm based in Minneapolis, Minnesota focused on aiding you raise money without spending it. We are dedicated to mentor and training those that have actually lately integrated non profits to develop a facilities to raise money and continue to be sustainable over the long haul. Whether your mission is in order to help maintain the natural world for future generations or to make certain that the generation of youngsters below, today, have the best chances readily available to them, we could aid. With virtually twenty years of experience in all aspects of fundraising, interactions and job management, we are professionals in elevating cash with little cost affixed– as it needs to be corporation create net banking.
You’re ready to begin a nonprofit and make a positive effect worldwide and also now you have to recognize the very best method to go about creating your organization. There is a lot that goes into a nonprofit, but not a lot that the majority of any person can do it. There are, nevertheless, essential steps to take as you start out. Comply with along listed below and I will certainly assist you get started in the right instructions with seven important ideas. These tips, when utilized right, will assist develop success in your nonprofit.
Create The Nonprofit Entity corporation create net banking.
Developing the real lawful company could be achieved in numerous various methods. The first and also most known method is by developing an independent 501( c)( 3) via the Internal Revenue Service. This can be an extensive procedure and consists of including a firm in the state that you want to do service, and also declare tax-exempt status through the Internal Revenue Service utilizing type 1024.
The second, fastest expanding method to develop a nonprofit company is through fiscal sponsorship. This is where a currently existing 501( c)( 3) company accepts your nonprofit job within its organizational structure. This allows an organization to accomplish nonprofit tasks without the need for establishing an independent 501( c)( 3) with the Internal Revenue Service. Establishing a monetary sponsorship could be really fast, very easy, and inexpensive. The most integral part of establishing a financial sponsorship is locating a sponsor who is reputable and long-standing in the nonprofit arena. If the enroller is hollow, they could negatively impact your nonprofit project. Discover a 3rd party that is proficient as well as knowledgeable regarding fiscal sponsors to get referrals from.
When beginning a nonprofit it is necessary to extensively look into the reason you will certainly be assisting. This will help you comprehend exactly what organizations are already in existence doing similar work. This will assist your organization in determining areas that still require help and also organizations you can work together with of in far better accomplishing the job. Regular research study will assist your organization stay focused on its mission.
When doing nonprofit work declare tax-exempt standing is essential. Numerous nonprofits miss this step because it could be pricey, just to have to return to the step years later on. By having tax-exempt status, your nonprofit can offer donors tax-deductible receipts for their donations. Tax-exempt condition is needed when obtaining donations from most companies when looking for give money. Don’t put yourself in a bind without tax-exempt condition. You do not want to be scrambling to get tax-exempt standing with a big donation pending.
Establish An Excellent Fundraising Strategy corporation create net banking.
Fundraising is the lifeline of a nonprofit company. Hardly any could be achieved without funds to invest. Establishing a great fund elevating plan and also continued economic stability is crucial to the success of your nonprofit. Find excellent details on how you can fund raise as well as placed the strategy at work from the very start. It is not required to hire a fundraiser or give writer however rather check out and buy sources that help you learn to do these tasks yourself. No person is going to care as much regarding the financial security of your company as you.
Establishing a tactical plan on how your nonprofit will operate, achieve its goal, hire team, and also grow will certainly be needed. Without a strategic plan in position it will certainly be really difficult to make sure your nonprofit succeeds. Strategic strategies are plans that you could reference back to continually, ensuring your nonprofit gets on track for success. Find a good source or manual that describes how to create a good calculated strategy for your nonprofit.
With any luck your nonprofit will continuously run efficiently for your life time and also beyond. While developing the nonprofit, maintain this long-range vision in mind. There is wisdom in establishing a solid foundation in the beginning rather than haphazardly throwing your company together. Think about taking 6 months to a year in the beginning to develop secure fund raising, corporation create net banking great programs, and excellent techniques. As an example, make use of the initial year to fund raise as well as increase awareness of your nonprofit to ensure that you could you’re your budget plan. Then with secure funding you could start paying incomes, workplace expenses, as well as fund programs with much less stress and anxiety. Once your programs start, it will certainly be more difficult to focus 100% of your efforts on fundraising.
Aiding others need to be enjoyable. Beginning as well as running a successful nonprofit can be enjoyable. If at any kind of point you locate you have lost the “enjoyable variable,” regroup as well as determine ways to place the enjoyable back right into your efforts. If fun as well as satisfaction is not a consistent component of your nonprofit efforts, it will be hard to continue. Ensure those you assist, those that volunteer, as well as on your own are having a blast as well as your nonprofit endeavor will certainly always have life.
Nonprofits offer important solutions and also sustain many vital goals both locally and also around the world. However it can be tough to develop and also construct a nonprofit that will serve its mission as well as make a distinction. There are lots of differences in between a commercial company and also a nonprofit. Luckily, Nolo, a firm that makes the legislation available to anybody, has an excellent overview of help you begin or to assist you continue along if you are begun yet having trouble building it to where you desire it to go. corporation create net banking The Fourth Edition of “Starting & Building a Nonprofit A Practical Guide” by Peri H. Pakroo, J.D., is an important overview of aid you get your nonprofit up and running and also, most notably, keep it going.
Like most Nolo publications, it is organized in a very easy way to enable the reader to obtain one of the most info in an useful way. The short introduction gives some nonprofit essentials and a couple of words on running a nonprofit.
After the introduction, there are chapters that concentrate on naming and also structuring your nonprofit, creating your calculated strategy, establishing your initial budget plan, your board of supervisors, your labor force of personnel as well as volunteers, fundraising, threat management and also insurance coverage, comprehending contracts and also arrangements, marketing your nonprofit, releasing informational products, getting the word out online concerning your nonprofit, managing your finances, and also getting specialist aid.
These phases supply excellent general info. They provide the basics. Nevertheless, you will intend to discover more about a few of these subjects. Take fundraising for instance. This is a crucial location for nonprofits, and Nolo in fact has a few other books that concentrate just on this set topic. So while the chapter in this book provides some basic guidance, you might want to enhance your analysis around with additional resources. I also appreciate the chapter on obtaining specialist aid, due to the fact that while this publication readies with general info, there are some areas where you really need to look for the recommendations of a professional and dealing with attorneys and also accounting professionals will certainly be very important for the nonprofit that wishes to be successful.
The book features a CD-Rom which contains a variety of forms and checklists to assist you with your organization. These forms and checklists go along with the numerous chapters in the book. There are additionally paper copies in the rear of the book.
This is a very easy publication to read with a great deal of great information to assist you with starting a nonprofit or if you are working from developing a nonprofit, to produce an effective company that will make a difference. It is not the only recommendation you will certainly require, as well as in fact guide recommends other Nolo titles in order to help with creating a nonprofit corporation and also fundraising. I do recommend this publication as a beginning corporation create net banking location to any individual collaborating with a nonprofit, especially board of directors, executive directors, or somebody wanting to know just what it requires to begin one. And also it is an excellent recommendation for an Exec Supervisor or Board member to check out and carry the rack.
Solution on your own Why, why you intended to a non profit organization. If you got a clear, bold solution, you finished initial step.
Discover your Just what, a casue to collaborate with your non profits, either education and learning, ecological, Social create any kind of thing you thing will certainly be your non earnings USP as well as requires to function. If you obtained a clear, strong response, you completed second step.
Just how are you mosting likely to survive/sustain your non earnings company, exactly how are you found fuel its funding. Are you having other person income source? How are you mosting likely to manange sources( staff/volunteers)? If you obtained a clear, bold answer, you finished 3rd step.
As you especially mention that you are taking into consideration a philanthropic organization/NGO, lawfully there is no commitment to register your organization unless & up until they intend to elevate funds, declare tax obligation exemption for their donors & in this case every organization is legally called for to record a trust deed/ Memorandum of Understandings which contain the name and also address of the organization & its mission as well as goals, controling body participants & their details, management legislations as well as procedures, human resource as well as staffing details, policies and also policies by which it will certainly be operational.Before you actually register you company, you require your controling body that will be accountable for all the company decisions, technique/ mode of operation & all economic management/plans of the company.
Application for Enrollment: Your Application must be submitted to official of territory in the area where the count on want to run or in the area where it is to be registered.Application kind duly submitted with full information of governing body members (minimum 2 members are required as in controling body (in your case trustee participants) & registered trust’s workplace address with a registration fee & court cost which could vary as per state/region where the trust fund is signing up itself.Application needs to be singed before the registrar and official authorities of charity commissioner with a consent letter by the regulating body when all legal paperworks are fee is paid by the members.
Note: Though there could be mild difference in the registration process/fees/documents required as guidelines and acts are different in each state while considering trust enrollment in India.Make certain to be all set with listed below some factors before you lawfully register your organization to sustain in long-term.
You can use multiple resources at begin I would certainly recommend you to have mouth promoting your NGO with the aid of your friends, family members, relatives etc and their circle, when you begin obtaining great amount of donation/funding, you can utilize some to advertise your organization.The basic one is to have your own site and advertise your NGO with your job summary, there are numerous alternatives offered in order to help you acquire excellent visitors numbers to your website.You could have funded Facebook blog posts where you could upload your NGO’s pictures, messages, and also testimonials of volunteer or beneficiary of your NGO which then will certainly get hold of more interest of people.You could plan for some events in public areas like train terminal, bus-stop, shopping malls, yards, healthcare facilities where a short engaging video clip, drama, flash-mob dance from your volunteer will function to gather people tourist attraction as well as after that you can promote your NGO to them, which then could help you gain some funding too, so try to prepare as much as public tasks as you can.Keep your website/ Social existence up-to-date & keep it s material updating on a regular basis that will certainly also assist you to enhance your online existence.
Lots of civic minded business owners may take into consideration starting a nonprofit company for the improvement of their community. Regrettably, a lot of service people equate running a nonprofit with volunteer job. You may be a private with the independent spirit and company acumen essential to start an effective nonprofit; you could additionally be asking yourself if you can make a decent living doing so. While there are limitations on if the company itself could reveal a profit, there are many chances for you to directly earn money with a nonprofit company.
1. Study as well as make an application for government, structure and company grants that enable a portion of the provided funds to be allocated toward administrative expenditures. Within the group of administrative expenditures lies the salary and advantages plan of the CEO, director or whatever title you determine to lead your nonprofit organization under corporation create net banking.
2. Hold charity events for your cause( s) that are organized to designate a section of the funds elevated to operational expenditures– the expense of placing on the fundraiser– and also administrative expenses. The majority of people that take part in fundraising understand that there are expenses associated with the activity; these will certainly also include the expenses connected with your wage as well as those of the business leadership.
3. Budget your salary, benefits as well as bonus packages in proportion to the amount of profits your company will certainly produce during the year. Due to the fact that your leadership initiatives will directly affect the quantity of funds raised for many years, you can formulate a compensation bundle that will adequately pay you inning accordance with just how efficient your efforts are.
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Professional ethicists seem to love controversy. I myself have been too boring in this regard, but many of my colleagues have provoked heated debate. This often spills out of the safety of academia unto society at large, as many of the past entries in the Practical Ethics blog testify to. And professional ethicists rarely regret sparking off controversy, for this in many of their view amounts to inviting more people to think and that cannot be a bad thing. Behind this is an implicit, and rationalist assumption that subjecting generally accepted – and thus hitherto uncontroversial – norms and practices under critical scrutiny is always a good thing to do. They believe that public debate over an ethical problem is likely to generate a wide range of ideas which may eventually lead to a solution; and that to make people think harder and talk openly about ethical issues has intrinsic value. It is part of the ethicist’s job, then, to be controversial. Indeed, it is what practical ethics is really about in some people’s opinion.
Is the rationalist assumption sound, though?
Certainly, there is something to be said for it. After all, many of what may reasonably be described as the achievements of human moral progress could not have happened unless somebody took the task, and often the burden, of challenging and critically scrutinising traditionally held beliefs. Slavery and gender inequality used to be taken for granted; interracial marriage used to be considered morally repulsive and was illegal in some parts of the world. Those and other past prejudices are fortunately gone. Of course, rational scrutiny by itself has never been and will never be enough to bring about significant moral and political change. It must be complemented by campaigning, pamphleteering, bargaining, compromise, agitation, mobilisation and sometimes even violence. But rational scrutiny is vitally important because good reason must be shown to promote a cause. Otherwise, indoctrination will replace persuasion, might will make right.
However, pace my over-rationalist colleagues, this does not mean that rational scrutiny is always a good thing to do. For one thing, there are many questions that do not deserve serious consideration. For example, ethicists do not need to ponder – at least for now – whether literally going back in time by time machine is a solution to historical injustice. In addition, there are some ethical issues that have been settled and settled for good. We do not need to seriously consider whether slavery should be restored, or whether a certain category of people may be massacred because they are of a ‘wrong’ kind. A society where a public debate occurs over those issues is worse than a society where it does not. If so, provoking controversy on settled issues can amount to doing damage to the society we live in. Of course, what issues have been settled and what have not is highly contestable; one should indeed raise a voice of dissent if one has good reason to do so, even if the voice is likely to upset the fabric of society. Yet one should not forget that trying to put what seems like a long-settled ethical issue back on the agenda often comes with a significant price to pay as well as potential benefits to gain.
That said, the most important objection to the rationalist assumption seems to me to lie elsewhere; it is about opportunity cost. Neither professional ethicists nor the public can afford to discuss everything with equal seriousness. Rational scrutiny costs. While we consider X, we cannot consider Y. This week’s op-ed has to focus on this issue, not others. If so, we must judge which issues matter more, which less. In our world where resources are limited, we cannot afford to critically examine everything. This is especially true in academia, where zero-sum competition for resources inevitably occurs between different branches of an institution. If a grant is given to ethics, it was not given to other potentially useful subjects such as pharmacology and social policy. Utility is not everything, but it requires due consideration.
If what I’ve said is right, then the rationalist assumption turns out to be a prejudice – and a potentially harmful one. By endorsing the rationalist prejudice, one may be taking our attention away from what really matters and doing damage to our society.
Unfortunately, professional ethicists in this age of growing academic competition and ‘impact factor’ measurement are in a way structurally incentivised to badly judge what matters. We are pressured to show that we are doing something – that our papers are cited, our ideas discussed, our output ‘making a difference’. This is a legitimate and even admirable goal to pursue, but it can work perversely today because one lazy way of numerically increasing the ‘impact’ of research is to scandalise. Defend a ridiculous ethical position you do not even believe in, and you may be a ‘high impact’ ethicist! In the long run, then, we need a better way of assessing the significance of research in ethics to reduce the incentives to scandalise and to vulgarise the discipline. A word of caution is in order in the meantime: we should resist the rationalist prejudice or we will do disservice to what we care about.
I would not say that we are freed from slavery.
I attended a conference at Stanford last week.
Stopped in at a McDonald’s in Menlo Park and all the workers were Hispanic and all the customers, save me, were Hispanic.
It was 6:30 in the Morning – where were all the Rich Folk ?
The only people that were up were the workers who had the sole duty of making the lives of the rich – easier.
you pay your workers the minimum and fire them if they don’t show up or get sick or complain.
and do take away from more important questions.
Thanks, Geoge (if I may). You’re right in observing that severe inequality has not ceased to exist and it often results in what may be called ‘economic slavery’. What we should do with such inequality is indeed an extremely important question. This, however, is not the same as the question I mentioned in the blog post, i.e. whether we should restore what you called ‘physical’ slavery. This issue, I believe, has been settled.
(1) The general principle that it is always a good idea to challenge commonly accepted views.
(2) Specific, reasoned objections to some particular commonly accepted view.
(3) A desire for controversy (and so ‘impact’) acheived by insincerely arguing against commonly accepted views.
It seems to me that only (1) directly fits what you’ve called “the rationalist prejudice”. That is, only (1) involves an assumption that it is always and everywhere desirable to confront moral common sense with sharp rational critique. It isn’t a new phenomenon; Socrates seems to have thought he was doing something of this sort.
Probably (1) is related to the others – if one accepts (1), then it provides cover for engaging in (2) or (3). That is, if criticizing commonly accepted views is always and everywhere desirable, then clearly it is desirable to criticize some particular view when one sincerely objects to it — and it might even be desirable to insincerely criticize views, if this brings about the aim of getting those views criticized.
None of what I’m saying is in disagreement with you. But it does seem like there are some meaningful logical differences in these three motives for controversy. Most importantly, I’m not sure that your division of resources argument tells against (1) or (2), at least not in the way it does against (3). If one sincerely believes that all commonly held views, or at least certain ones, ought to be put to rational challenge, then it will not be a bad thing if funding and attention are drawn to those sites of controversy.
Thanks, Regina. You’re right in pointing out that (1), (2) and (3) are logically distinct issues, that the ‘rationalist prejudice’ as I defined it refers to (1), and that I have no general objection to (2).
My opportunity cost (‘division of resources’) argument is meant to speak directly against (1). I can’t see why it does not. If resources are limited, and if rational scrutiny costs, and if the kind of resources (e.g. money and time) that we use for rational scrutiny can be used for other useful purposes also, then we should not allocate all the resources we have to rational scrutiny. To say that rational scrutiny is *always* a good thing to do is to deny that.
As for (3), the problem I’m concerned with is not exactly insincerity as such. It’s rather about the institutionalised academic culture that gives professional ethicists at least some incentives to be insincere, to be overly provocative, etc.
I don’t believe I can do justice here to all the points you kindly raised. There’s much for me to think about!
It could also be the case that on average commonly accepted views are not challenged at the optimal level. At least in some societies unquestioning belief has been the norm, and the result was that injustices and inefficiencies persisted far longer. Most people do not have the high need for cognition evident in philosophers, and seem to be quite content to assume “things are as they are”. The spread of inquiry and systems for managing criticism constructively has been an important part of the rise of the West since the enlightenment. So challenging the status quo, even when badly focused, might be beneficial.
This does not contradict Kei’s argument: we should still aim our rationalism at the right targets, and we might be overdoing it compared to the optimum level of challenging. But I guess that is partially an empirical issue: are critical minds *actually* undermining our cultures more than they help refresh them? How can we measure or estimate it?
Thanks, Anders. I like your image of reason aiming at a ‘right target’. The image I often use is ‘self-censoring’ reason, constantly checking its own boundaries to avoid trespassing.
As you are probably aware, I do not hold that rational scrutiny generally does more harm than good. But I think it can do harm when reason forgets to censor itself, when reason tries to be unreasonably rational.
Well… maybe… but it’s hard to say what the “right” target is. You don’t need to be a thorough-going relativist to think reasonable minds may differ about the right target. Even if we agree about what issues are important we usually disagree about how to solve them. Economically literate people usually agree that creating a positive-sum game via economic growth is better than creating a zero- or negative sum game through stagnation or recession but there are massive disagreements about how best to ensure growth, even among the highly literate.
I’m not sure how you’d institutionalise any prioritisation strategy. Explicit gatekeepers are an obviously dodgy idea. I guess research councils very weakly do this anyway, by funding some research and not other bits. So do universities, over the long-run, via their successive hiring decisions. Though we know there are issues with those, too (eg Jonathan Haidt’s stuff…).
Could you provide a concrete example of a ridiculous ethical position that professional ethicists (in recent times) have defended, for the primary purpose of sparking controversy?
Thanks, Spencer. I’m glad you liked the post.
I’m afraid I don’t have an answer to your question because ‘Defend…’ is not a description of any specific individual’s conduct, but it’s an illustration of the worrying incentive structure that professional ethicists in general find themselves in. Fortunately, I personally know no ethicists who’ve defended a ridiculous position for the primary purpose of provoking controversy. This, needless to say, does not mean that the incentive structure I’m concerned with does not exist.
I am quite sure a quick digging into the US presidential elections may give you some concrete examples. While I don’t want to judge the actual merits of the canditates (I don’t even vote there), some candidates do have defended ethical positions in which they don’t believe (or aren’t supposed to believe).
But, alas, they are not ethicists, and certainly don’t do that for research impact (they should care about ethics, though). Even so, I would say that finding such concrete examples might be well impossible, for the plain wrongness of the deed.
You’re right; examples are more easily found in politics, especially in modern democratic politics where office-holders and office-seekers must be responsive to voters’ preferences. This raises a set of interesting questions. E.g. are democratic leaders more prone than non-democratic ones to defend a position s/he does not believe in? If so, is a certain kind of dishonesty an essential characteristic of democratic leadership?
Good question. It may have something to do with the fact that the current structure of democractic elections privilege not one’s competence or honesty, but rather one’s success in persuading the voters. Persuasion, as we have been seeing since Socrates, has no connection with the truth.
On a similar note, is that what the people want? I have never seen anyone praise one’s president for his or her honesty.
Much more important attributes seem to be his negotiation skills, foresight, religion and knowledge of economy.
It’s not obvious what questions are worth pursuing. Even if we come with a minimal list, certainly, some will disagree. Is more efficient to ignore questions who doesn’t seem relevant, then creating more heat.
We could enumerate questions who are worth debating, and assume “that’s is the list”. But, to something become a consensus, time is needed, and much evidence too.
Thank you for your sugestive piece of ‘the Rationalsit Prejudice.’ A noted ethecist, a frined of mine once confessed that he defended ethical positions in which they didn’t believe just to activate discuusions at confrences or his TV talk shows. This really disappointed me. Your piece reminded me of the criticsm by Prime Misniter Shigeru Yoshida(1878-1967) to Dr. Shigeru Nambara(1889-1974), the first President of the newely establshied University of Tokyo. Yoshida wished to conclude peace treaty with the countires which would admit Japan’s independence. But Dr. Nambara prosposed to make peace treaty with every country of the then world including the Soviet Russia. Being irritated by Nanbara’s unrealstic discourse, Yoshida criticized him by calling him ’曲学阿世.’ This was an old Chinese words for a learned time server. I can agree with Kei’s points but I also think that 曲学阿世 are improtant for the advancemnt of our soceities. In the above case, Yoshida was politically right for Japan regained her independece by his decision. On the other hand, Nambara was throretically right. We need both approaches to any issues. That atttiude protects democracy. I would be sorry if my remraks does not responde to your discourse.
Thanks for your comments, Shigeru. I agree with your view that the adjudication of competing claims is an essential part of democratic politics. I also agree with your historical observation that the two options discussed in Japan prior to the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty – known as ‘katamen kowa’ and ‘ryomen kowa’ – were both genuine options that deserved serious consideration. Having said that, I would add a further point: political decision-making and philosophical reasoning are essentially different. Statesmen must consider various factors that philosophers can safely ignore as irrelevant; above all, they must semi-instinctively be able to see which options on the table are feasible and which are not. Was Yoshida a great statesman amply endowed with such a ‘sense of reality’? This is an interesting question to think about – unfortunately, I do not know the answer. | 2019-04-24T10:09:08Z | http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/07/the-rationalist-prejudice/ |
Food Combining In Menopause And Its Wonderful Benefits!
Home » Help & Self-help » Healthy eating » How Can Food Combining Help in Menopause?
You are what you eat!Click To Tweet As cliché as it may sound, this saying is so true. By making healthier food choices and changing the way you eat, you can take control of your health! An effective trick to improve your digestion is through food combining. By pairing the right foods, you can boost your energy and feel refreshed.
Food combining is popular for its role in promoting gut health. But do you know it can actually help menopausal women in a big way too?
Digestive symptoms and weight gain are common in menopause, and food combining has the potential to prevent them from occurring. Aside from this, it can also help balance our hormones and relieve other menopause symptoms.
So, are you ready to eat right and take on the world? Let’s find out the general health benefits of food combining and how it can ease our menopause journey!
Although food combining is not an eating practice specific for menopausal women, it can actually give us many health benefits.
Food combining can help balance our hormones during menopause. We know that estrogen and progesterone become unpredictable at this stage and this affects other hormones, such as insulin, thyroid hormones and cortisol. When these other hormones are off set, a string of reaction happens in your body, which may aggravate your menopause symptoms.
Healthy eating is essential to balance your hormones and relieve menopause symptoms. Eat more leafy greens like kale, baby spinach, arugula and romaine. You can also add in some phytoestrogenic and adaptogenic herbs. Phytoestrogenic herbs contain plant-based estrogens which are great for supporting your estrogen levels during menopause. Adaptogenic herbs on the other hand, balances and calms your mind and body. Adaptogens also help you cope with stress better!
Leafy greens and herbs are also rich in probiotics as well as vitamins and minerals. Probiotics promotes gut health, relieves vaginal dryness and strengthens our bones.
Consume more superfoods such as berries, chia seeds, flax seeds, hemp and ginger into your diet. You can also pair your veggies with oily fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel and tuna. These types of fish are rich in omega-3, which helps reduce hot flashes and night sweats. Omega-3 also keeps your heart healthy!
Food combining with fish protein and leafy greens can prevent menopausal weight gain. This food combination can detoxify, boost metabolism, improve digestion and stimulate estrogenic activity in your adrenal glands and fats.
Here’s a great video by Rebekah Borucki as she explains how to get a flat tummy in 5 days using food combining techniques [8:29]!
What’s Food Combining All About?
Some doctors and fitness experts dub food combining as the “secret to healthy eating”. The idea behind this eating approach is that specific foods pair well together, while others do not. Eating foods that complement each other makes digestion easier and nutrient absorption better.
Avoid eating fast and slow digesting foods together because it can cause a traffic jam in your digestive system. The reason for this is because different foods go through different digestion and at varying speeds.
Eating beef and bread at the same time is an example. Just imagine eating burger. The beef patty is a protein, which is a slow digesting food. The bun on the other hand, is a carbohydrate, an example of fast digesting food. These two are incompatible together.
Beef and bread also require different digestive environments and enzymes. Protein requires an acidic environment and the enzyme pepsin breaks them down. Carbohydrates or starches are the complete opposite, digestion happens in an alkaline environment and this is done by ptyalin.
When your acidic and alkaline enzymes neutralize the digestive environment, it slow down digestion and may cause distress. Some of them include bloating, indigestion, stomach cramps, flatulence and a lot of other symptoms. It can also promote the release of toxins in the blood stream and the growth of bad bacteria in your digestive tract which can cause infections.
To better understand this, you can read our article on alkalinity and acidity!
To combine food, we need to understand food classifications first and how they are digested. Check out some foods that belong to each category!
the hardest food group to digest.
the longest to be digested at 3 hours or more.
aside from meat-based protein, there are also plant-based sources of proteins. Examples are grains, beans, nuts, dairy and egg.
protein is essential for energy and muscle development, however, eating too much in one meal may deplete our digestive juices from trying to digest all the proteins. Eat protein in moderation to avoid digestive symptoms.
some fruits which are good to eat include citrus, pears, peaches, cherries, apples, berries, plums and melons.
although most fruits are easy to digest, bananas and dried fruits are exceptions. These fruits are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats – which all take longer to digest.
fruits can be tricky to combine with other food and the environment that they are digested are different. This is the why they you need to eat them alone.
Fresh and organic vegetables are just as easy to digest as fruits because they have a lot of water content. But when the percentage of water drops, starch and fiber rise and vegetables become difficult to digest. Under the vegetable food category, there are three types that you should know about.
they have their own enzymes, which means that your tummy doesn’t have to use its own to digest them!
Aside from these food groups, there are three food categories: acidic, alkaline and neutral.
Now that we understand the food groups better, we come to the most exciting part! Let’s see which foods we can combine, which we cannot and the foods that we should eat alone!
The next time you eat a burger or enjoy a spaghetti with a huge meatball, think again – are they compatible? Nahh!
Replace your usual burger and spaghetti with a healthier and delicious alternative! Choose good protein sources like organic chicken and fish and substitute spaghetti with non-starchy foods.
Some examples of good protein and non-starchy combinations are salmon + broccoli + green beans, or you can also eat organic chicken + sautéed asparagus + cauliflower.
If you want to eat starchy foods like quinoa or brown rice, you can eat it with starchy veggies like your sweet potatoes and squash. Both require the same alkaline environment, so they go well together.
Healthy fats also go well with starchy foods and vegetables because they need an alkaline environment. An example for this set up would be quinoa + avocado + baked potato or yam fries + olive oil +parsley.
A food group that pairs with everything, from proteins, fats to starchy and non-starchy vegetables are leafy greens. As previously discussed, this food group can be digested well in both alkaline and acidic environments and have their own digestive enzymes.
Aside from this, leafy greens pass through the stomach rapidly. Unless you pair them with oily dressings like mayonnaise, they are easy to digest.
Even if leafy greens are stuck in your stomach with other foods, it will not ferment. This means it’s safe because it does not promote bacterial growth in the gut. It’s a great daily practice to eat a large bowl of fresh and raw salad of leafy vegetables.
Any non-starchy vegetable may be paired with other foods, except tomatoes. Non-starchy veggies need an alkaline environment to be digested. Tomatoes on the other hand, are rich in acids which may neutralize gut pH.
Non-starchy vegetables digests regardless if it’s an acid or alkaline environment, so they go with everything: proteins, healthy fats, whole grains, starchy vegetables and even citrus fruits like lemon and lime. They also go well with soaked seeds and nuts.
Protein and starches are both slow digesting foods. They also have different digestive environments, protein requires an acidic environment, while carbs need an alkaline environment. Eating them together will neutralize pH in the gut, slowing digestion.
Having fruits as dessert sounds exciting, but veggies (which we often have in our meals) and fruits are not compatible.
Fruits contain simple sugars, so they are easy to digest. On the other hand, vegetables are rich in complex fibers, so they take longer to digest. If you ate veggies beforehand, and you stuff fruits on top, it’s going to create a traffic jam. As your fruits stay longer in your gut, fermentation takes place and gut bacteria grows, further slowing your digestion.
But here’s good news, lettuce and celery are exceptions. They are good with any fruit because of their low fiber and high-water content, which doesn’t need much digestion (except melon, which is high in fiber).
Processed fats and proteins have opposite digestive environments. If you eat these foods together, gut pH gets neutralized and digestion slows down. Fats also inhibit the production of gastric acids which are necessary to break down proteins. Examples of unhealthy fats include cooking oil, butter and milk.
Healthy fats like organic and unprocessed oils from flax seed, avocado, olive and coconut are exceptions to this rule. You can pair these oils with any protein.
Avoid drinking fluids while eating. Water dilutes your stomach acids which slows down digestion. If you want, you can drink small sips of room-temperature water after eating.
A good food combining practice is to drink lemon water 20 minutes before meals. Lemon is rich in ascorbic acid which stimulates your gastric juices. Apple cider vinegar also has the same effect.
One of the best ways to help your gut digest food effectively is to eat until you’re 80% full. How you feel satisfaction when you eat is subjective, so you need to listen to what your body is saying. If you overeat, your stomach gets crowded from all the food and you leave small room for digestion. Also, your stomach can’t digest loads of food all in one go. Undigested food will stay longer in your gut, start fermenting and cause digestive issues.
You can still follow this rule while observing proper food combinations. Notice that we used the word “other”, rather than specifying a certain food group. This is because some foods are not compatible with vegetables.
You can only substitute the other 20% with ONE food group that can complement vegetables, or you can just eat veggies all alone. You can pair vegetables with animal protein or some grains like millet, buckwheat and amaranth.
Vegetables are alkaline in nature, which means that 80% of your meals has to have vegetables. Water, tea, vegetable juices and smoothies neutralizes the stomach environment, so you need to drink more of these liquids. For the remaining 20%, you can consume acidic liquids or foods such as coffee and meat proteins.
Raw eating is good for the body. However, you need to eat raw food slowly because it can result in stomach upsets. You also need to chew them thoroughly. If it’s still hard for you to eat a whole carrot or leafy green, you can steam them so it won’t be too hard to swallow or digest. Eating raw food is a long-term goal that will improve your overall health.
More Tips for Better Digestion!
If you want to take extra care of your gut, you need to get rid of the bacon, sausage, milk and cereals in your fridge! They are all acidic and are not good for digestion! Instead, try storing some fresh, green vegetable juices or smoothing or use green powders with your water. You can also have some vegetable soup for breakfast.
You might wonder why nuts have a special place here – it’s because nuts are unique type of foods. Nuts contain substances that interfere with nutrient absorption. They are also difficult to digest. By soaking nuts, we will be able to get rid of its anti-nutrient content, plus digestion is easier for the stomach.
When soaking, you just need two ingredients: warm water and salt. Depending on the type of nut, you can soak it for 7 to 24 hours. For instance, if you have 2 cups of nut, a ¾ cup of warm water and 1 tablespoon of salt will do the trick. Read this wonderful article about the importance of soaking nuts and seeds on Wellness Mama!
They say, less is more – and that’s definitely right in food combining! Studies have shown that the less food eaten, lengthens the life span. You have to change the way you eat! Remember, quality always goes beyond quantity!
It’s not enough to just follow good eating practices and eat the right kinds of food, you need to reinforce this as much as you can! Strengthen digestion with herbs and spices like ginger, garlic, turmeric, cayenne, curry powder and horseradish.
You can also add ½ tablespoon or Apple Cider Vinegar or Aloe Vera juice in your water to assist in digestion. Drink this 10 minutes before meals. Along with lemon and lime, spices and herbs are neutral. They can fire up digestion even before you start eating.
Aside from jazzing up your favorite recipes, spices and herbs are compatible with any food group. If you have a weak digestive system, you need to consider using a digestive enzyme to help your stomach to digest food.
We all have this internal body time clock that sets our bodily functions, including digestion. To be able to maintain and balance this rhythm, you need to create an eating schedule for your body to follow. When you do this, your stomach accustoms itself to this schedule and produces digestive enzymes to prepare for incoming food, making digestion easier.
Aside from setting specific times for meals, it is also best to stick to foods belonging to the same group. However, this does not mean that you have to eat the same food every single day. You can experiment, but make sure to choose food items with the same group as much as you can.
To be more efficient, create a meal plan for the rest of the week. Or, you can also divide foods into primary, secondary and exotic. Primary foods are those that you have to eat every week. Secondary are foods which are condiments to primary foods and exotic foods are like little treats which you only eat on rare occasions.
When you practice this tip, you will improve digestive health and feel more energized and vibrant!
Sequencing your meals isn’t similar to setting an eating schedule. When you sequence, consider the order of food groups that you eat. This is essential in food combining because you are helping your stomach handle digestion as smoothly as possible.
The rule is to start with food which is the quickest and easiest to digest. More complex foods should come in next. By following this practice, you will keep digestion flowing, preventing the food traffic jam in your gut.
Foods which are denser and have little liquid in them are more difficult to pass through the stomach, so you need to be careful when consuming these foods. Here’s a list of foods and their speed of digestion.
Protein: 3 or more hours.
Digestion starts with chewing. When you break down your food properly, you aid in better digestion. As you chew, your stomach prepares by secreting gastric acids. When food finally reaches the gut, all it has to do is grind and pass the food into the intestines. This will also allow the intestines to absorb nutrients easier.
Is Food Combining Really Effective?
Food combining helps many people improve their digestion and overall health. However, there’s still few research conducted on this eating practice.
Critics say that the lack of evidence is proof that there is no truth in food combining. However, those who practice this eating method have proven its effectiveness time and again. To know if food combining is effective, you can try it yourself!
Although its principles are not proven by science, there are certain studies showing evidence that some food combinations are compatible. Examples of these are citrus fruits and iron, carrots and fats and spinach and dairy products.
Nutritionists say that dismissing the idea of food combining disregards its history. Proper food combination is part of Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for many, many years.
Check out this new book “East by West”. It is a modern take on the Ayurvedic principles.
Whether you want to practice food combining or not, you need to think of your digestive system as a highway. If slower vehicles are in front, your highway will be a mess because it will cause traffic. However, if faster vehicles are in front, your highway will be able to run smoothly.
Help other women feel better by liking and sharing this article on Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram and Twitter. | 2019-04-25T06:37:20Z | https://mymenopausejourney.com/food-combining-menopause/ |
I’m guessing this vehemence has surprised Eastwood, who set out to make a film of some nuance. And in fact, you can pick out a number of scenes in Sniper that challenge received notions of patriotism and a soldier’s duty. Take the decision made by Kyle (Bradley Cooper) to return to Iraq again and again, even when his wife Taya (Sienna Miller), at home with two little children, begs him not to. When he insists that he’s “doing this for my country,” she retorts, “You’re doing this for yourself”—a soldier following the siren call of battle, even at the cost of abandoning his family. In another crucial scene, a fellow Seal confesses to Kyle his doubts about the war; later, that soldier is killed, and at his funeral his grieving mother reads a letter that he wrote, highly critical of the invasion. Driving home from the cemetery, Kyle’s wife asks him what he thinks. “That letter killed Mark,” Kyle says tersely; “he let go, and he paid the price for it.” It’s the soldier’s code as straitjacket, binding Kyle in a patriotism that borders on denial.
The problem is that these antiwar moments are allowed into the film the way a liberal is allowed onto Fox News—to state a mildly dissenting case before being overwhelmed by the other panelists. Sniper puts war critiques forward, only to blow them away with fusillades of patriotic invective. To begin with, though the doubting soldier alludes to “evil on both sides,” the only evil we see is the evil committed by the “savages,” Iraqi insurgents who torture hostages, keep shelves of dismembered body parts, and brutally murder little children in front of their parents. Their wantonness is a given, while the killing done by Americans is presented as a tragic necessity. When Kyle is forced to shoot a young boy, it is only because the boy is about to hurl an improvised bomb to kill the squad of American soldiers Kyle is protecting. And when Kyle pulls the trigger, we see the wound it makes in his humanity.
Eastwood has described Sniper as apolitical, insisting in one interview that “there’s no political aspect there other than the fact that a lot of things happen in war zones.” Yet in simplifying the background to the Iraq war in order to highlight the individual story, he and his scriptwriter, Jason Hall, have in fact staked out a political position. Kyle is spurred to enlist by the embassy bombings in East Africa; and his gung-ho departure for Iraq occurs shortly after he and Taya look on in horror at the scenes of 9/11 on the news. Linking the war in Iraq—and Kyle’s patriotic avidity to fight in it—to the embassy bombings and 9/11 both ratifies and bolsters the error of association that drove the war: namely, that invading Iraq was necessitated by Al Qaeda’s attacks. In this sense the film commits a gross misrepresentation of history—the same one that continues to hold sway in the United States—and does us a civic disservice.
Clint Eastwood made his name as an avatar of violence, the angel of vengeance in such westerns as High Plains Drifter and Hang ’Em High. In the 1970s, the Dirty Harry movies brought the Man With No Name to the streets of the city in the figure of Harry Callahan, a strong silent man wielding lethal righteousness to clean up an urban world corrupted by liberal permissiveness. Later in his career, both as actor and director, Eastwood sought to revise this motif. The effort peaked with Unforgiven (1992), where dishing out lethal vengeance occasioned not exultation but degradation and shame, and continued with such minor entertainments as True Crime and Blood Work, which addressed the recipients of violence and their suffering. Mystic River (2003) was a film haunted by the silence of the victim and the ever-unfolding legacy of male violence, themes Eastwood continued in subsequent films, notably Changeling (2008).
American Sniper takes an ambiguous position in this evolution. One can view the film as a PTSD chronicle, since it explores the trauma and the stress that disorder a soldier upon his return from war. But what Eastwood is really up to, finally, is romanticizing the code of the warrior, a task he performs with powerful sentimentality and symbolism. The real Chris Kyle survived his four tours and returned to the United States only to be killed by a troubled vet he set out to counsel, and Eastwood closes his film with footage of Kyle’s actual funeral: a motorcade, followed by a ceremony in the Dallas Cowboys stadium. In the end, whatever doubts the film may have raised about the merits of the Iraq war melt away into the American pageantry of the funeral—flags, flowers, football—and the prospect of grieving Navy Seals pounding gleaming gold trident pins into the wooden casket in a ritual of brotherhood.
This solemn pageantry is very much a piece of who we have become in the post-9/11 era. Kyle and Taya’s decision to marry, made immediately after watching the World Trade Center attacks, places their relationship in the tradition of wartime romance, where the pressure of impending battle both sharpens and hastens the commitment of marriage. But more significantly, it also sacralizes the attacks; the scene in which the couple console each other while watching the towers fall emanates a holy quality, its dire implications blending weirdly with the sacrament of marriage and configuring military service as a sacred responsibility.
Whether Eastwood admits it or not, this sacralizing impulse discloses a political agenda. American national self-understanding after WWII followed a long arc of disenchantment, with Vietnam as the crucial turning point. As historian Christian Appy notes in his new book, American Reckoning, Vietnam “exposed American exceptionalism as a dangerous myth” and threw into doubt “the once widely held faith that [this] country is the greatest force for good in the world.” In the aftermath, the political right undertook what Appy calls “a restoration project,” whose goal was “to rebuild everything they thought the war had destroyed—American power, pride, prestige, and patriotism.” It was a project boosted by Reagan and aided immensely by the attacks of September 11.
It’s hard not to see American Sniper as little more than another tool in this effort of restoration. The film is awash in patriotic spirit; even its notes of lamentation are sounded in a patriotic register. As Appy penetratingly observes, our attempts to reckon with Vietnam ultimately cast the war as an American tragedy and crucible of American suffering. “The focus was on healing, not history,” he writes, a focus that “encouraged citizens to honor military veterans without debating the merits or meaning of the wars they fought.” This is precisely the problem with American Sniper, and the reason the film has provoked such controversy. To the left, Eastwood’s chronicle of American hurt and healing is morally grotesque, since it evokes the toll the war took on our soldiers while conveying no inkling of the catastrophe it visited upon the Iraqis. To the right, meanwhile, such critiques outrageously besmirch patriotism. Are critics of Eastwood’s film implying that we are the savages? American Sniper reminds us that we’re still fighting Vietnam among ourselves.
Should I mention that it’s also a pretty bad movie? Herky-jerky storytelling, with an entire story arc (Kyle’s work with wounded vets) crammed into five minutes at the end; the duel of our Good Sniper vs. the equally talented Iraqi Bad Sniper, turning a war into a sports face-off; crassly sentimental echoings of mythic father-son moments, and on and on. In places the film is hackneyed and obvious. Granting it an Oscar nomination for Best Picture seems itself an act of deference to heroism in arms.
In retrospect we see that during the Vietnam era, the political critique of the war overwhelmed our instinct—and our obligation—to honor soldiers for their duty. Today we have swung in the opposite direction, and refrains of “thank you for your service to our country” all but obliterate the political critique. Confecting the mawkish and the hawkish, American Sniper extols a worship of duty, sacrifice, and honor, inviting us into the cult of the warrior. Nothing remains of the sense of absurdity, or farce, or skepticism, or outrage—any of the sentiments that can and should be raised against military policies gone terribly wrong. Bradley Cooper does a valiant acting job, but he’s just a grunt in the film’s trenches. In moviemaking, as in war, the fault lies with those who write the script and direct its execution. | 2019-04-23T05:24:34Z | https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/american-sniper |
Phillip was able to evolve our thinking from the old way of ‘stock it up as this will be required in the near future’ to a much more realistic way of viewing inventory, making the maintenance job easier and taking out costs – which is the overall objective of any business.
Phillip Slater’s insight really makes him one of the leaders in the MRO information segment.
I have received training from Phillip Slater and then implemented the Inventory Cash Release Process with excellent results. There is no doubt that Phillip is the global spare parts guru.
We have used the services of Phillip to train maintenance, procurement, planning and warehouse personnel in spare parts management. It was his distinctive logical approach in setting spare parts holding levels that really won over the participants in the workshop. This was the first time that I’ve seen something that can be practically applied on a daily basis by almost anyone and without the need for expensive software.
Phillip Slater used his Snapshot Review process to create a framework for improving our materials management. Using that framework and with Phillip’s assistance we defined and created policy documentation and processes.
Phillip also assisted to train our team in the new processes across a large number of sites. Phillip’s input and guidance was key factor in helping us move from here we were to a greatly improved environment.
We are pleased to have chosen Mr. Slater as winner of the 2012 Kim Rothwell Leadership in Logistics Education Award.
We wanted to recognize Mr. Slater not only for his work as a consultant and author in spare parts and inventory management but also for his contributions as a leader in the application of digital technology to supply chain and inventory management issues and solutions.
Phillip is clearly a global knowledge leader in this field, however, it was his hands on approach and willingness to tailor his services to suit our four Australasian manufacturing sites which ultimately delivered a successful outcome.
A multi-million dollar reduction in inventory was achieved without impact on availability and at the same time ‘best in class’ processes were established to ensure that this benefit is held into the future.
I would recommend Phillip Slater to anyone looking to achieve genuine, and lasting, inventory reduction results.
Phillip was a great asset to the company putting the spotlight on the rather murky depths of spare parts inventory. He did a great job of challenging the current thinking and encouraging people tp think or better more efficient ways of viewing sapre parts inventory.
Under Phill’s guidance the site achieved great results and implemented some very robust processes to ensure that these results were maintained.
Phillip Slater’s online training program helped my team to better understand the complexities of spare parts management, the application of policies, and the importance of maintenance engagement.
Phillip’s presentation style made the online sessions enjoyable and the use of webcams and webcast technology mean that our staff could attend the training even when they were off shift.
We would recommend Phillip for anyone looking to expand their understanding and skills with spare parts management.
Phillip Slater’s boot camp provided all of us with hand on experience in techniques and tools to use to consistently identify and better manage spare parts inventory.
Phillip Slater is Australia’s leading authority on optimizing the inventory process.
I have had an opportunity to work with Phillip developing inventory management policies for RasGas. It was a wonderful opportunity to work with an expert in supply chain management.
All the questions, interview and the way we arrived at the optimal solution was spot-on. Phillip’s knowledge in various areas of supply chain is amazing. He could simply figure out ten steps ahead and guided us achieving what were trying to do.
Phillip managed the session with unparalleled attention to detail and focus to the objectives. He made sure that everyone in the room felt that they arrived at the solution. Should there be any requirement, i will not hesitate to seek Phillip’s help. I wish him all the best and hope to work with him again.
Phillip and his website www.SparePartsKnowHow.com has been a great resource for me and my team.
We have enjoyed his insight and years of experience to help guide activities and streamline our business to become an efficient spare parts operation that supports maintenance and engineers. While our team has years of experience and has documented best practices, it is good to know we were correct about many aspects and SPKH reinforced our resolve.
Another great thing about Phillip is his availability. He always answers emails and periodically provides interactive conference sessions.
If you manage MRO materials, you should subscribe to SPKH right away. You can thank me later.
Phillip Slater is a dynamic, hard-working inventory management specialist with a particular focus on engineering spares. His recommendations are sound and his advice is highly sought after by all members of the team.
He came on board our team with an arsenal of tools that helped us to develop an inventory management project that has seen tremendous results.
The focus was on finding the right mix of inventory and training our personnel, and it was completed in short order. The strategy that was developed is not a one-size fits all approach, or a recommendation of another software program, but a behavioral based program that is clear and immediately actionable.
I have worked in the airline industry for many years and lived through the traps that are described herein. Aircraft parts are extraordinarily expensive, so mismanagement of inventory can easily cripple an operation.
Phillip presents the philosophy of real inventory optimization in a clear, logical and pragmatic manner, so that everyone in the materials management chain can understand and be part of the process.
Following the steps he has detailed will certainly give a continuing competitive advantage to any aircraft operator, which could be the tipping point for flourishing, when others are just surviving in this extremely volatile and cutthroat industry.
I wish I had read this book years ago!
Phillip is the leading authority on spares inventory management and optimization. I have used his consultancy services with great success in reviewing the critical spares strategy for a recently completed hospital project. I would have no hesitation in recommending Phillip to any organization that is considering reviewing and improving their spares / inventory strategy.
The fact that Phillip took the time to listen to our needs and ask pertinent questions in preparation for our company made all the difference.
Phillip takes a common sense approach to one of maintenance and engineering’s least understood topics. He dispels some of the commonly held myths and gives real life examples of how to optimize your spare parts management – essential reading for those who want their spare parts system to support their reliability initiatives.
Phill is a very knowledgeable and experienced materials management practitioner. He brings a wealth of first hand experience and most importantly in my opinion, practical application, to the table. He is very approachable and from my experience was quick to digest the dynamics at play within the organization and set a path for forward progression.
Smart Inventory Solutions is packed with practical ideas on how to improve management of inventory “The Forgotten Investment!”. The book not only provides enlightening concepts but also a “How to” approach for accomplishing tasks. Philip Slater makes eloquent arguments for the important role that inventory needs to play in today’s competitive environment.
With this Second Edition, Phillip Slater just made a great book better. Smart Inventory Solutions is a thoughtful and practical guide to an important subject by an experienced veteran. This book is simply the single most practical, most useful book on inventory management I have found; it should on every manager’s bookshelf.
This is a well-written, practical book. Phill Slater speaks from experience, and shows that critical inventory scrutiny will bring real bottom line savings. His message is very relevant to our studies, and I will be recommending this book to our students.
Phillip Slater is a recognized leader in his field and has developed a proven system for reviewing and rationalising spares. Smart Inventory Solutions is insightful, practical, and sometimes controversial and I thoroughly recommend this book to anyone that has an interest in reducing their materials and spare parts investment or who just wants to improve their materials and spares parts management.
Phillip Slater’s program was both insightful and pragmatic.
The well structured program’s focus on matters of practical significance and of immediate importance combined with sound post training support, enabled my team to adopt the concepts quickly and effectively.
Through the ongoing support, and the ability to integrate and work seamlessly, almost as a part of my team, Phillip Slater was able to effect the changes that we needed.
Phillip Slater’s combination of manufacturing insight and approachable style helped us identify new opportunities and solutions for our key issues.
The 10 Steps workshop provided an injection of new thinking and helped my team to identify 50 new opportunities. The follow up support helped my senior management work through the options for change. The support activity is an invaluable part of the process.
Phillip Slater understood our needs, challenged our assumptions and did not mince words or tailor the content of the report to meet our preconceptions.
Initiate Action’s ability to learn, understand and administer our warranty program was exactly what we needed. Their professional manner allowed a seamless integration with our team.
They were able to successfully instigate a training program to re-instate our warranty program in-house with ongoing management and control by our staff.
The day reinforced the goals of the company and provided the training and tools to achieve the inventory reduction program set by the company. Thank you for an enjoyable day.
This workshop is full of facts and up to date information. Excellent!!
The workshop is held in a very relaxed and friendly manner and everyone was positive. I thoroughly enjoyed the day and found that I got what I wanted form all the information. I don’t think that this course can be improved!
For me the best part was the detail of information given and the examples of other businesses. A very good course that is very appropriate to my needs.
Schneider Electric (Aust) Pty Ltd.
This workshop covered my expectation and a bit more!
What I got out of this workshop is a readiness to implement the learning outcomes.
This was an excellent day, program and workshop. I particularly valued the real world nature of the workshop.
The content is very relevant. I will be following up on my notes and implementing actions next week.
Everyone was interested in what was being taught so there was great interaction and involvement of the people. I will be adopting the process in our workplace.
The process provides a logical approach for effective inventory reduction. The content was simple and action oriented.
The best parts were teaching how to achieve goals and the interaction with other people seeking the same goals!
I will use this knowledge/skill to reduce our company’s inventory level.
This program has made the task of reducing inventory less daunting.
Five out of five for both content and delivery!
I really liked the pace of the workshop and the group size allowed for discussion.
The presentation style allowed for plenty of interaction and the ability to capture ideas along the way. This workshop provides a clear process for identifying opportunities and reducing inventory.
This workshop was very practical and showed some very simple and easily implemented ideas. This was a great day and has given some definite ways that can change the focus of our inventory management.
The knowledge that Phill was able to share with us was terrific. I also liked the ‘hands on’ approach. The content and topics covered were great, I really feel that I learnt a lot. Thanks for a great day.
When you read this book you are almost certain to come up with at least one good idea which when applied helps improve some aspect of your business. Perhaps you can implement the entire concept of continually reviewing your operations to find more areas to improve.
A New Strategy for Continuous Improvement is well written, practical to apply, easy to follow and full of examples.
You have developed an approach to physically reviewing inventory, not just a reference manual on the way things should have been from the beginning. | 2019-04-24T01:09:48Z | http://www.phillipslater.com/phillip-slater-testimonials/ |
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The MCommunity Sponsor System allows authorized U-M staff members to create online identities for university-affiliated individuals who do not receive uniqnames and online identities otherwise.
Sponsored individuals include conference attendees, contractors, incoming faculty who need access to U-M resources before the hiring process is complete, academic affiliates and others.
This document provides an overview of the Sponsor System, with details about uniqname types, identity types, sponsorship lengths, minimum data requirements, sponsorship expiration handling and password resets. For step-by-step system use instructions, see Using the MCommunity Sponsor System Via the Web.
What Is the Sponsor System?
MCommunity is a system that stores online resource access information about members of the U-M community at both the university and departmental levels. It is a flexible, centralized, identity management system that U-M campuses and units can use in decentralized ways for providing access to information technology resources and services. The most visible part of MCommunity is the MCommunity Directory.
To learn more about MCommunity, see MCommunity Overview.
The Sponsor System is the part of MCommunity that is used to create uniqnames and online identities for sponsored affiliates, people who are affiliated with the university but who do not receive uniqnames otherwise. Sponsored affiliates include, for example, conference attendees, contractors, incoming faculty who need access to U-M resources before the hiring process is complete, and others.
The Sponsor System allows units to sponsor people as members of the U-M community for specified periods of time. An individual may be sponsored by more than one unit.
Authorized U-M staff members can use the system. To use the system, you must become a sponsorship administrator.
Sponsor: A U-M department or unit that sponsors creation and/or management of identities in MCommunity.
Sponsoring Authority: An individual who authorizes sponsorship administrators for specified university departments. It is the responsibility of the sponsoring authority to oversee the sponsorship administrators s/he has authorized and ensure that appropriate policies and guidelines are followed. For more information about sponsoring authorities, see MCommunity Sponsoring Authority Policies and Agreement.
Requester: An individual in the sponsoring department who requests a sponsorship. For example, a conference organizer might request sponsorships with temporary uniqnames for a group of conference attendees, or an administrative staff member might request a sponsorship with a regular uniqname for an incoming faculty member who needs early access to online resources. In some cases, the requester might be the sponsorship administrator.
Sponsorship administrators: Individuals who use the MCommunity Sponsor System to set up sponsored identities and uniqnames. For more about sponsorship administrators, see MCommunity Sponsorship Administration Policies and Agreement.
The Sponsor System can assign regular and temporary uniqnames. See the Sponsorship Components Chart below for details about uniqname differentiation.
Regular uniqnames: Most members of the university community have regular uniqnames. They are made up of three to eight alphabetic characters (for example, bjensen). Regular uniqnames are assigned for life and are never reused. Individuals with regular uniqnames who leave the university and return at a later date can usually reclaim their uniqnames and no one else can use them. However, if a sponsored individual with a regular uniqname and minimal identity information on record (that is, a weak identity) leaves the university and returns later, there will not be enough information available to match records in other university systems to verify that this is indeed the same person; in this case, the uniqname cannot be reclaimed, and a new uniqname is created.
Temporary uniqnames: Temporary uniqnames are intended for short-term use. They consist of um, followed by a number generated by the MCommunity Sponsor System (for example, um000000). If a sponsorship and temporary uniqname have expired, a new temporary uniqname is allotted.
The identity type is determined by the amount of data collected and depends on whether or not the sponsored individual needs a regular uniqname and UMID. See the Sponsorship Components Chart below for details about identity types.
Strong identity. Most members of the university community have a strong identity. A strong identity in MCommunity has adequate identity data to confidently match it against identities in other U-M systems.
A strong identity results in an entry in Wolverine Access and the creation of a UMID (U-M identification) number. For U-M employees, this number is often referred to as an Emplid. People who are paid by the university are required to have a UMID in M-Pathways.
A strong identity requires one of the following data combinations. If the person being sponsored already has a UMID, this information is already on file and does not require re-entry.
The ITS Service Center can do UMICH password resets over the phone for individuals with strong identities; there is sufficient information on record to verify their identities.
Important! The Sponsor System does not store Social Security numbers. It uses them to search Wolverine Access in order to prevent the creation of duplicate entries. Once it completes the search, it discards the Social Security number.
Weak identity: Minimal information is required to create a weak identity entry in the MCommunity Sponsor System; A first name, last name, and a non-UMICH email address will suffice. Such identities are generally reserved for short-term use.
Uniqnames associated with weak identities cannot be re-used by their owners after they expire because there is no way to verify identity.
People with weak identities who forget their passwords must go to the departmental entity who originally requested their sponsorship for password resets. The requester can ask a departmental sponsorship administrator or the ITS Service Center to reset the password. Either way, the requester must verify the individual's identity; no one else will have sufficient information on record to do so. The requester's identity must be verified before the ITS Service Center can reset a password for a sponsored individual.
The reason for a sponsorship is defined by the relationship the sponsored individual has with the university. It also depends on whether a regular uniqname and UMID are necessary.
The sponsored affiliates listed below receive a regular uniqname and a UMID. They are listed in Wolverine Access and MCommunity with a limited "self-service" role. This allows them to update their address, phone number and emergency contact information, set a preferred name and sign up for U-M Emergency Alerts.
Incoming Faculty/Staff: When units need incoming faculty and staff to have access to U-M computing resources before they have completed the hiring process, the units can sponsor them. These individuals require a regular uniqname and a strong identity so there is sufficient information on record for their employment data to be matched to their sponsorship entry.
Temporary Staff: Temporary staff members are hired by units for up to one year. Non-student temporary staff who are hired through eRecruit get uniqnames during the hiring process. If a non-student temporary staff member is hired outside of the eRecruit process, use the "Temporary Staff" reason to obtain a sponsorship and regular uniqname so they can access their personal information in Wolverine Access. Even if they already have a uniqname from a previous relationship to the university, they will need to be sponsored so their uniqname can be reactivated and their Wolverine Access self-service role can be set up.
Contractors: Contractors work in university departments, but they do not have a U-M job appointment. These individuals often perform the same professional duties as U-M staff members, may be granted access to critical university business systems and are held to the same standards of accountability as University of Michigan staff. For these reasons, a contractor also requires a regular uniqname and a strong identity.
Academic Affiliates: These are people who have an academic relationship with the university but who are not U-M students or faculty members. Visiting nurses, visiting scholars and other academic visitors are in this category. They require a regular uniqname and a strong identity for stipend or ID badge reception from the university.
Other University Affiliates: These are people who require a regular uniqname and a UMID but who do not fit any of the previously listed sponsorship descriptions. Perhaps, for example, their relationship to the university is more administrative than academic, or their role is unique to the unit with which they are affiliated.
The sponsored affiliates listed below receive regular uniqnames without UMIDs. They have temporary entries in MCommunity and are not entered in Wolverine Access. Once the sponsorship expires, the uniqname cannot be reactivated, and computing services associated with it cannot be reinstated because there is insufficient identity data on file for identity verification. When the sponsorship expires, the entry is removed from MCommunity.
Long-Term Guests: These are individuals who need access to services that require a regular (not temporary) uniqname but for whom only minimal identity data is available. The benefit to departments of this sponsorship type is that the sponsorship can be set up quickly. A UMID is not connected to the sponsorship, and you may need assistance with acquiring one in the future.
Note: The sponsored guests listed below receive temporary uniqnames. When the sponsorship expires, the entry is removed from MCommunity. The uniqname is essentially disposable; if the sponsorship expires, a new temporary uniqname can be created. However, services associated with the expired uniqname cannot be reinstated and associated with the new uniqname.
Conference/Program Participants: These individuals receive a temporary uniqname for the duration of a conference or other program.
Short-Term Guests: Use this category to sponsor short-term guests who require a temporary uniqname and do not fall into any of the previously listed categories.
Note: Sponsorship administrators can change the suggested (default) sponsorship length when they set up sponsorships. The maximum length is 1 year. All sponsorships are renewable as long as they have not yet expired.
Sponsored affiliates automatically receive the Standard Computing Services (with the exception of printing, which can be requested).
Note: Access to services ends when the sponsorship expires.
Note: When sponsorship administrator sets up sponsorships, he/she can select preferred sponsorship and expiration emails to be sent by the Sponsor System.
Important! The sponsored individual's UMICH password will be displayed on the Sponsor System screen at the end of the sponsorship creation process. It is the sponsorship administrator's responsibility to note the password and relay it in a secure manner to either the requester or the sponsored individual.
See Appendix: Sample Email Notifications below for the email text.
Sponsorship administrators can change when and to whom expiration warning emails are sent by editing sponsorships.
All sponsorships have a start date and an expiry date. The maximum sponsorship duration is one year. However, sponsorship administrators can renew sponsorships as often as necessary-as long as they are still active.
What happens on expiry depends on the identity type-strong or weak. If a person has multiple sponsorships, the expiry process happens when the final sponsorship ends.
Note: These sponsorships require enough identity information to create an entry in Wolverine Access.
The uniqname is deactivated (that is, the sponsored person can no longer log in to anything using that uniqname). Because Wolverine Access entries are created for sponsored individuals with strong identities, their uniqnames can be reactivated with sufficient proof that the person requesting reactivation is indeed the person the original uniqname belonged to.
The sponsored individual's entry is removed from the MCommunity Directory. This means that email forwarding stops.
Any computing services (such as U-M Google) assigned to this uniqname are terminated on the date the final sponsorship ends.
Note: If a sponsored person with a strong identity becomes an employee or student, their uniqname and any associated ITS computing services will stay effective indefinitely due to the updated affiliation.
Note: These sponsorships require minimal identity information and do not result in a Wolverine Access entry.
The uniqname is deactivated (that is, the sponsored person can no longer log in to anything using that uniqname).
The sponsorship entry is removed from the MCommunity Sponsor System.
The uniqname is permanently retired and therefore unavailable (that is, it can never be used again). The uniqname is retired because there is not enough identity information on record to validate the person's identity for re-use of the uniqname. The identity has fully expired.
Any computing services (such as U-M Google) assigned to the retired uniqname are terminated. Computing services cannot be reactivated transferred to a new uniqname.
Tip: When you set up a sponsorship, set the expiration date to allow yourself some extra time in case you later need to extend the sponsorship. For example, you might set the expiry date for a conference sponsorship to be five days after the end of the conference.
Tip: If you expect the sponsorship will require renewal, select expiry warning messages during sponsorship creation that will give the appropriate individuals enough warning time so they can can complete renewal before the sponsorship expires.
Tip: Tell sponsored individuals that if they wish to keep any files or messages after their sponsorship expires, they will need to save them ahead of time. They can send them to their non-UMICH email account, save them in a non-UM file storage account (Dropbox) or on a flash drive.
Sponsored individuals can change their own UMICH passwords using the same password changing page (login required) used by all other members of the university community.
Sponsored individuals with regular uniqnames and strong identities must call the ITS Service Center to have their passwords reset if they have not set up account recovery information. There is enough information in MCommunity about these people for the Service Center to verify their identity over the phone or in person-and therefore to reset their passwords.
This includes contractors, incoming faculty/staff, temporary staff, academic affiliates, and others.
Sponsored individuals with regular or temporary uniqnames and weak identities must contact their requester (the person who requested their sponsorship) for password resets. The requester can ask either a departmental sponsorship administrator or the ITS Service Center to do the reset, but it is the responsibility of the requester or departmental sponsorship administrator to verify the sponsored individual's identity and oversee the security of the process.
This includes long-term guests, conference/program participants, and other short-term guests.
You cannot change the business reason for a sponsorship after the sponsorship has been set up. You cannot, for example, change a contractor to an incoming staff member. However, you can add a new sponsorship with a different business reason (with some limitations depending on the uniqname type). An individual can have multiple sponsorships with different start and expiry dates. See Adding Sponsorships to an Already-Sponsored Person in Using the MCommunity Sponsor System Via the Web for instructions.
Sponsored individuals with temporary uniqnames can only have additional sponsorships that also use temporary uniqnames. If you wish to create a sponsorship with a regular uniqname for an individual who currently has a temporary uniqname, you must create a new sponsored identity. The temporary uniqname will expire via the previously outlined expiry process.
Sponsored individuals with regular uniqnames can only have additional sponsorships that also use regular uniqnames. Adding a sponsorship that results in a strong identity to the entry for a sponsored person whose current sponsorship has a weak identity (that is, a long-term guest), is problematic because of issues regarding the assignment of a UMID. It may not be possible for the person to keep the same uniqname under these circumstances. Please contact the ITS Service Center for assistance in such cases.
Some sponsored individuals, such as incoming faculty members, will transition from "sponsored" to "regular" status if they are included in one of the authoritative data feeds, such as the feed of employee data from Wolverine Access.
MCommunity reconciles the information from Wolverine Access with that in the Sponsor System and allows the person to keep the uniqname he/she is currently assigned as long as there is enough identity information in the Sponsor System to match the two records. It is essential that enough identity data for a strong identity be provided for individuals who make this transition.
Note: Email notifications are not sent to individuals sponsored using file import.
You are now a sponsored member of the University of Michigan community. You may use the uniqname below, in conjunction with a password and Duo two-factor authentication, to log in to the U-M computing services and resources that your sponsoring department has authorized you to use.
If you do not already have a password, the sponsoring department will contact you and provide you with one. If you have forgotten your password or it no longer works, please contact the ITS Service Center.
If you have questions about your sponsorship or your uniqname and password, you can contact the ITS Service Center.
If you have questions about this or need any changes made, please contact the sponsorship administrator listed above. You can also contact the ITS Service Center.
The MCommunity sponsorship(s) listed below will expire soon.
Unless these sponsored individuals have other active sponsorships or have become members of the U-M community (faculty, staff, or student), they will lose the ability to use their uniqname and password, as well as their Google Apps UMICH and Active Directory UMROOT account, when the sponsorship(s) expires.
To prevent a disruption in service and loss of data stored in Google UMICH, sponsorships must be extended before they expire. Sponsorships can be extended by the sponsorship administrator for your department and by the ITS Service Center. | 2019-04-20T14:32:51Z | https://documentation.its.umich.edu/node/255 |
For peoples in earlier times, the gestalt of inwardness/externality had been a blending of birth, clan, wildness, creatures, stars, and vibrancy. For us, the task of re-connecting the disparate fragments and re-assembling the whole more resembles traipsing through a junkyard littered by disaster, picking up our feet so as to avoid the neon pools of caustic fluid and ragged metal edges.
Plutonium. Packbot. Prostate Cancer. Brain Tumor. Beached Whales. Wasting Elk. The Biggest Shopping Mall in the World. The Tallest Skyscraper. Scrape Save Spend Crave. Credit Card Debit Card. Melting Ice. Spaceport. Airport. So The Animals Die.
I devoured Jerry Mander’s book on television and found myself conceptually clawing my way up between the cracks of the psychic numbing and denial that had paralyzed post-WWII America. Suddenly the hills of San Francisco looked more awe-inspiring to me, the espresso machines in North Beach sounded frothier, the world felt more alive: I could see the formidable place technology’s development had played in human history.
Two public events thrust my nascent aliveness into action. The first was Three Mile Island. The second was U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s break from previous Cold War policies of containment into reckless tirades against the “Evil Empire.” At the same time, an inner event jarred me with its echo of the outer crisis. It was a dream delivering a ritual for containing human emotion in the face of possible annihilation. I described it in an article first published in 1980 in New Age Journal.
That week as the nuclear power station in Pennsylvania teetered on the edge of meltdown I -- residing 2000 miles away in San Francisco -- experienced the intensity of feeling I might were the plant in my backyard. By day I darted from radio to newspaper to television, consuming every word of every report as if my life depended on it. At night I lay half-asleep/half-awake feeling myself hanging from the slenderest of threads, dangling in space with no support, no Mommy, no Daddy, no help.
In those days the topic of the danger of nuclear technology was taboo, and to speak of it -- even as a nuclear power plant neared meltdown -- was denied. I steered my own course, scrupulously acknowledging each feeling that bubbled up inside me. Fear. Anger. Despair. Grief. Surrender. Urgency. As I did, I became aware that just as emotional patterns we manifest in adult life mirror mechanisms developed at an earlier age, so these feelings harkened back to an earlier era. For the first time in almost 20 years, I was experiencing a sense of universally impending danger. This time its catalyst was an industrial accident, but the long repressed material -- laced with memories of grade-school bomb drills, the day the Russians exploded an H-bomb, the Cuban Missile Crisis -- was the threat of nuclear war.
I had a number of epiphanies. First of all, techno-historical forces -- from blatant nuclear technologies to the more insidious environmental contaminators -- have as potent an impact on our human psyches as do families and early education. A second realization was that no matter what political, economic, or social categories divide us, we humans are united in our insecurity before such forces. A third: a crucial aspect of ensuring human continuity is psychological. Not only is our predicament human-invented, but on the other side of the taboo against having thoughts or feelings about it lies the psychic wisdom we might use to mobilize for survival. Fourth: since both insecurity and the task to survive are shared, addressing our unconscious and conscious relationship to them would best proceed, not in the relative isolation of a psychotherapy session, but in the mutually supportive context of a group.
I decided to dedicate myself to the task of providing such a context.
My first opportunity came in June. I was scheduled to give a plenary at a woman’s mental health conference. I wanted to design an experiential presentation that might affect participants on three levels. By raising awareness of our predicament, it could be educational. By crossing the taboo against expressing feelings, it could provide a model of vulnerability in the Nuclear Age. Last, by making conscious our internal relationship to the situation, it could catalyze psychic shifts.
But there was a problem. Despite the fact that I had been giving workshops for years, I was stumped. If, as social scientists and philosophers are saying, the Nuclear Age confronts Western peoples with the necessity for altering the very foundations of how we perceive, the fact that the form of the plenary came to me in a dream could suggest that what lies ahead may well exist at the edge of collective consciousness.
The form was not a conventional group therapy or workshop session: it was a ritual. This development seemed noteworthy because so many rituals provided by modern society have lost their abilities to teach and transform us and because, if we are to forge the kind of reconnection with our psyches, each other, and our planet, we may have to create rituals that speak to us and through us of the peril, pain, and promise of our times.
I called the plenary "Environmental Ritual." It consisted of three concentric circles formed by the participants. The outer circle was to be the Circle of Information, a place for safe witnessing and reporting. The next circle was the Circle of Fear and Rage; the innermost one, the Circle of Sorrow.
To begin, all participants were to stand in the outer circle. Anyone could start by expressing a feeling or thought, personal or shared, about our common plight. "My father was on the clean-up crew in Hiroshima and he’s dying of leukemia." "The fish in Lake Michigan have cancer!" "I feel scared." Then, to provide affirmation of the truth of this statement, everyone in the circle would say: "So It Is." Since it is terrifying to confront the experience of living in an endangered world, we would then invoke a technique used in spiritual practices: to build bridges among ourselves and to that which is bigger than us all, we would chant an agreed-upon phrase. Then a second person would express a thought or feeling, and the ritual would proceed. The only requirement was that each move to the circle that best reflected her current state, be that fear, anger, grief, calmness, or observation.
Concentric circles are archetypal forms, but the concepts driving the ceremony derived from influences in my own experience. One was the work of Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross,[i] with whom I had studied. Called griefwork, her approach to the psychology of death and dying is essentially an emotional passage past denial and through the anger, depression, fear, and sorrow that the prospect of dying elicits. By embarking upon such a process, the dying and their loved ones can arrive at an acceptance of death -- and a new sense of what it means to be alive. Like this process, the ritual provides an arena for participants to move beyond denial of the possibility of collective death.
A difference between facing individual death and this collective one is that in this situation we do not know the outcome. We do not know if more bombs will explode. We do not know how strong are the forces of life to counteract the poisons already spread around the globe from bomb-making, bomb-testing, and un-ecological practices. Another difference is that in this situation all people are facing the prospect of death simultaneously. As we face it together, we lose our sense of isolation, and our hitherto unexpressed experience is invoked, spoken, and acknowledged in community. A final difference is that since the menace is human-made, acceptance is not of the inevitability of nuclear war or ecological disaster, but rather of our shared responsibility to do what we can to stop them.
A second influence derived from China: "speaking bitterness," a practice used by peasants to heal the pain of injustice and inspire participation in social change. A Westernized version of this is feminist consciousness-raising. Both set up a conduit for individuals to deal with psychological problems caused by social realities. Both serve as interventions in the immobilization of individuals.
A last influence in the creation of the Environmental Ritual was my experience with ceremony. Because the rituals I had been performing focused on the relationship of modern industrial people to nature, I had often seen sorrow, anger, fear, and longing -- but it was not until the Environmental Ritual that I linked their expression to harness them towards social change.
That morning in 1979, 150 women gathered in a rustic clearing. I explained the origins, purpose, and procedure of the ritual: I asked participants to speak their minds about what is happening to us because we live in the Nuclear Age.
[i] Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan, 1969; Death: Final Stage of Growth. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975.
[ii] Adapted from Chellis Glendinning, “Beyond Private Practice: An Approach to Mental Health in the Nuclear Age,” in Kenneth Porter MD, et al., eds., Heal or Die: Psychotherapists Confront Nuclear Annihilation. New York: The Psychohistory Press, 1987; first appeared as “A Ritual for Despair,” New Age, Vol. 6 No. 5, November 1980, pp.52-53.
[iii] Stephanie Mills, email communication, Maple City MI to Chimayó NM, February 6, 2008.
0 Response to "II: a ritual for despair" | 2019-04-22T21:03:59Z | http://www.langdonwinner.org/2012/10/ii-ritual-for-despair.html |
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3722. Wilder, B.J., Use of parenteral antiepileptic drugs and the role of fosphenytoin, Neurology, 46(SUPP1):S1-2, 1996.
3723. Browne, T.R., Kugler, A.R., and Eldon, M.A., Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin, Neurology, 46(SUPP1):S3-7, 1996.
3724. Luer, M.S., Fosphenytoin, Neurol. Res., 20:178-182, 1998.
3725. Ramsay, R.E., Wilder, B.J., Uthman, B.M., Garnett, W.R., Pellock, J.M., Barkley, G.L., Leppik, .I.E., and Knapp, L.E., Intramuscular fosphenytoin (cerebyx R) in patients requiring a loading dose of phenytoin, Epilepsy Res., 28:181-187, 1997.
3726. Dasgupta, A., Datta, P., Redlich, G., and Limmany, A., Analytical performance of a new chemiluminescent phenytoin (ACS:180) assay, Ther. Drug Monit.,19:191-194, 1997.
3727. Eadie, M.J., Therapeutic drug-monitoring - antiepileptic drugs, Br. J. Pharmacol., 46:185-193, 1998.
3728. Frame, B., and Beal, S.L., Non-steady state population kinetics of intravenous phenytoin, Ther. Drug Monit., 20:408-416, 1998.
3729. Kodama, H., Kodama, Y., Shinozawa, S., Kanemaru, R., Todaka, K., and Mitsuyama, Y., Serum protein binding kinetics of phenytoin in monotherapy patients, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 23:361-365, 1998.
3730. Takeoka, M., Krishnamoorthy, K.S., Soman, T.B., and Caviness, V.S., Fosphenytoin in infants, J. Child Neurol., 13(11):537-540, 1998.
3731. Dasgupta, A., and Havlik, D., Elevated free fosphenytoin concentrations in uremic sera: uremic toxins hippuric acid and indoxyl sulfate do not account for the impaired protein binding of fosphenytoin, Ther. Drug Monit., 20:658-662, 1998.
3732. Holliday, S.M., Benfield, P., and Plosker, G.L., Fosphenytoin. Pharmacoeconomic implications of therapy, Pharmacoeconomics.,14(6):685-690, 1998.
3733. Roberts, W.L., De, B.K., Coleman, J.P., and Annesley, T.M., Falsely increased immunoassay measurements of total and unbound phenytoin in critically ill uremic patients receiving fosphenytoin, Clin. Chem., 45(6):829-837, 1999.
3734. Armstrong, E.P., Sauer, K.A., and Downey, M.J., Phenytoin and fosphenytoin: a model of cost and clinical outcomes, Pharmacotherapy, 19(7):844-853, 1999.
3735. Wilder, B.J., Leppik, I., Hietpas, T., Cloyd, J.C., and Cook, J., Clinical implications of the effect of food on the bioavailability of dilantin kapseals versus mylan extended phenytoin sodium capsules, Neurology, 54(S3):A193, 2000.
3736. Romanelli, F., Jennings, H.R., Nath, A., Ryan, M., and Berger, J., Therapeutic dilemma: the use of anticonvulsants in HIV-positive individuals, Neurology, 54(7):1404-1407, 2000.
3737. Meek, P.D., Davis, S.N., Collins, D.M., Gidal, B.E., Rutecki, P.A., Burstein, A.H., Fischer, J.H., Leppik, I.E., and Ramsay, R.E., Guidelines for nonemergency use of parenteral phenytoin products: proceedings of an expert panel consensus process, Arch. Intern. Med., 159(22):2639-44, 1999.
3738. Bachmann, K., and Belloto, R.J. Jr., Differential kinetics of phenytoin in elderly patients, Drugs Aging, 15(3):235-250, 1999.
3739. Kodama, H., Kodama, Y., Shinozawa, S., Kanemaru, R., Itokazu, N., and Sugimoto, T., In vivo binding characteristics of phenytoin to serum proteins in monotherapy pediatric patients with epilepsy, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 38(1):25-29, 2000.
3740. Pryor, F.M., Gidal, B., Ramsay, E., DeToledo, J., and Morgan, R.O., Fosphenytoin: pharmacokinetics and tolerance of intramuscular loading doses, Epilepsia, 42(2):245-250, 2001.
3741. Burkhardt, R.T., Leppik, .I.E, Blesi, K., Deblieck, S., Gapany, S.R., Hietpas, T.J., and Cloyd, J.C., Apparent increased seizures and lowered phenytoin (PHT) levels in persons with epilepsy switched from brand to generic extended PHT sodium capsules, Epilepsia, 41(S7):231, 2000.
3742. Musib, L.C., Cloyd, J.C., Birnbaum, A.K., Hietpas, T.J., Leppik, I.K., Browne, T.R., Holloway, S.F., Holden, G.S., and Rarick, J.O., Preliminary report on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in the elderly using an intravenous stable-labeled isotope, Epilepsia, 41(S7):231, 2000.
3743. DeToledo, J.C., and Ramsay, R.E., Fosphenytoin and phenytoin in patients with status epilepticus: improved tolerability versus increased costs, Drug Safety, 22(6):459-66, 2000.
3744. Spruill, W.J., Wade, W.E., Cobb, H.H., and Akbari, S., Three Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic dosing methods compared with physician dosing of phenytoin in an outpatient neurology practice, Pharmacotherapy, 345(7):538-541, 2001.
3745. Wilder, B.J., Leppik, I., Hietpas, T.J., Cloyd, J.C., Randinitis, E.J. and Cook, J., Effect of food on absorption of dilantin kapseals and mylan extended phenytoin sodium capsules, Neurology, 57(4):582-589, 2001.
3746. Cook, J., Randinitis, E., and Wilder, B.J., Effect of food on the bioavailability of 100-mg dilantin kapseals, Neurology, 57(4):698-700, 2001.
3747. Huang, M-Y., Eddy, T., and Liu, S., Single-dose fasting bioequivalence study for mylan 100 mg extended phenytoin sodium capsules, Epilepsia, 42(S7):90, 2001.
3748. Kriel, R.L., Cifuentes, R.F., Fosphenytoin in infants of extremely low birth weight, Pediatr. Neurol., 24(3):219-221, 2001.
3749. Potschka, H., and Loscher, W., Multidrug resistance-associated protein is involved in the regulation of extracellular levels of phenytoin in the brain, Neuroreport, 12(11):2387-89, 2001.
3750. Kodama, H., Kodama, Y., Shinozawa, S., Kanemaru, R., Todaka, K., and Mitsuyama, Y., Effect of temperature on binding characteristics of phenytoin to serum proteins in monotherapy adult patients with epilepsy, Am. J. Ther., 7:11-15, 2000.
3751. Kodama, H., Kodama, Y., Shinozawa, S., Ranemaru, R., Todaka, K., and Mitsuyama, Y., No gender effect on binding characteristics of phenytoin to serum proteins in monotherapy for adult patients with epilepsy, Am. J. Ther., 7:285-289, 2000.
3752. Kitchen, D., and Smith, D., Problems with phenytoin administration in neurology/neurosurgery ITU patients receiving enteral feeding, Seizure, 10:265-268, 2001.
3753. Monaghan, M.S., Marx, M.A., Olsen, K.M., Turner, P.D., and Bergman, K.L., Correlation and prediction of phenytoin protein binding using standard laboratory parameters in patients after renal transplantation, Ther. Drug Monit., 23:263-267, 2001.
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3756. Sonnenfeld, G. and Nerland, D.E., Measurement of effect of interferon on metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, Methods Enzymol, 119: 715-8, 1986.
3757. MacKinney, A.A. and Knobeloch, L., Diphenylhydantoin inhibits cortisol-induced lysis of thymocytes, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 182: 474-7, 1986.
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3759. Thompson, K.W. and Wasterlain, C.G., Dextromethorphan and its combination with phenytoin facilitate kindling, Neurology, 43(5): 992-994, 1993.
3760. Nicolas, J.M., Collart, P., Gerin, B., Mather, G., Trager, W., Levy, R., and Roba, J., In vitro evaluation of potential drug interactions with levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic agent, Drug Metab. Dispos., 27(2):250-254, 1999.
3761. Schmider, J., Greenblatt, D.J., Von Moltke, L.L., Karsov, D., and Shader, RI, Inhibition of CYP2C9 by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in vitro: Studies of phenytoin p-hydroxylation, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 44:495-498, 1997.
3762. Della Paschoa, O.E., Voskuyl, R.A., and Danhof, M., Modelling of the pharmacodynamic interaction between phenytoin and sodium valproate, Br. J. Pharmacol, 125:1610-1616, 1998.
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3766. Tripathi, M., Sundaram, R., Rafiq, M., Venkataranganna, M.V., Gopumadhavan, S., and Mitra, S.K., Pharmacokinetic interactions of mentat with carbamazepine and phenytoin, Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25(3/4):223-226, 2000.
3767. Chen, L.C., Cjou, M.H., Lin, M.F., and Yang, L.L., Effects of paeoniae radix, a traditional Chinese medicine on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther, 26:271-278, 2001. | 2019-04-25T04:10:37Z | http://www.remarkablemedicine.com/Clinical/3101-3429.html |
of the wild Northwest, Quaker Puffed Wheat . . .
the breakfast cereal shot from guns . . .
Two gun shots ring out.
. . . present the Challenge of the Yukon.
In his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers.
Gold - gold - discovered in the Yukon!
A stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches!
The Challenge of the Yukon.
SERGEANT PRESTON'S TALE OF TAMMING THE VAST NORTHWEST CANADIAN TERRITORIES BEGAIN AS A FIFTEEN MINUTE SERIAL entitled Challenge of the Yukon. It aired in Detroit from 1938 until May, 1947. Shortly thereafter, the program acquired the sponsorship of Quaker Oats, and the series moved to the networks in a half-hour format.
ABC broadcast the show for approximately two years, and then it moved to The Mutual Broadcasting System until its final broadcast on June 9, 1955. The title changed from Challenge of the Yukon to Sergeant Preston of the Yukon in November, 1951 and remained under that name through the end of the radio series and into television.
The popular show showcased Sergeant William Preston of the North-West Mounted Police and his lead sled dog, arguably the true star of the show, Yukon King. Together they fought against lawlessness and evil in the northern wilderness during the Gold Rush of the 1890s.
"The Two Bullets," which was broadcast on April 5, 1950. Unfortunately, it does NOT contain the memorable intro--but, I'm still looking for one that does.
Typical plots involved the pair helping injured trappers, tracking down smugglers, or saving cabin dwellers from wild animals. Sergeant Preston's faithful steed was Rex, used primarily in the summer months; but generally, Yukon King and his dog team were the key mode of transportation as evidenced by Preston's memorable cry, "On, King! On, you huskies!."
From the mid-forties right up to 1954, actor Paul Sutton played Sergeant Preston, with Brace Beemer of The Lone Ranger fame briefly taking the role in the mid-fifties. King's barks, whines, and howls were usually provided by animal imitators and sound effects artist Dewey Cole. After Cole's death, actor Ted Johnstone voiced the clever lead dog.
There is some confusion regarding King's actual breed. The writers seemed to use malamute and husky interchangeably. At least once during an episode, Preston answered malamute to the question from another character; and in the early radio shows, the cry of, "On, you huskies!" would alternate with "On, you malamutes!" from show to show.
In 1955, the same year the radio show ended, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon premiered as a television series. Richard Simmons starred in the lead role and was supported by Yukon King and Rex, now played by real animals. The dog cast as King was not a husky, however but was a large Alaskan Malamute.
This is the Yukon, the territory patrolled by Sgt. Preston, where man and nature combine pitilessly to defeat the weak and the artless.
Nothing is stranger . . . or stronger . . . than the lust men have for gold,” Quaker cooed in its promotion.
In the Gold Rush, men fought the wildest country on earth and the most savage of climates to get to the Klondike where your land is. During the winter, the only way to the gold fields was by ‘mushing’ for week after week. The more fortunate were aided by dog teams pulling sleds. No one knows how many brave men died along the frozen Yukon River that runs past your land.
The wilderness teemed with grizzly bears, wolves, moose, caribou, and other wildlife. In the winter, temperatures fell to 70 degrees below zero.
Your land gets colder than it ever gets even at the North Pole,” Quaker Oats warned.
If you were on your property in temperatures like this, it would be dangerous to take deep breaths!
It all began in 1955 when the Quaker Oats Cereal Company in Chicago, Illinois was looking for a promotional gimmick to help their popular radio program, Sgt. Preston of the Yukon, make the transition to television.
Chicago advertising executive Bruce Baker, the creative director for Wherry, Baker & Tilden, hatched the following plan: “Quaker Oats would buy a parcel of land in Sgt. Preston’s Yukon Territory; subdivide it into square-inch lots; and give the lots away to buyers of Puffed Wheat, Puffed Rice, and other Quaker cereals. It would be a totally legal transfer of land: every kid who dug to the bottom of his or her cereal box would find a deed to one square inch of Yukon property.
“Lawyers would draw up the deeds. They’d be gold-embossed, and have loads of legalistic fine print on them, and a corporate seal, and a place to put the new owner’s name.
“The kids would actually own a genuine piece of Canadian Gold Rush land, Sgt. Preston land, Yukon King land. They’d go crazy trying to get them!
The problem was Quaker Oats hated the idea. It was impossible, the company’s lawyers told Baker. Registering the deeds to millions of tiny tots, even if it could be done, would cost the company a fortune.
“Then we won’t register them,” said Baker.
“Forget it,” said the lawyers.
But he wouldn’t forget it. In early October, 1954, Baker, his brother John (a lawyer), and a Quaker Oats advertising executive chartered a plane and flew to the Yukon to look for land.
“Their guide for the trip up river was Constable Paul LeCocq, a real live Mountie from Montreal who was stationed in Dawson. LeCocq, Baker remembers, actually had a team of huskies led by a lead dog named Yukon King; and he received all the fan mail addressed to Sgt. Preston of the Yukon.
We arose at about 5:15 am., and after getting dressed found it was still dark. It was several degrees below zero. Finally Paul appeared in his pickup truck. We bundled up as well as we could and went down to the river. It’s a forbidding sight with ice cakes zooming by at about six miles per hour.
'We didn’t have enough weight in the bow and the wake sprayed up over Paul and froze as it hit him; his leather jacket was soon completely covered with ice. Paul told us a human being couldn’t last more than three minutes in the water. We maneuvered upstream against the swift current for about forty minutes and came to a point opposite the land in question.
'Paul turned in toward shore and suddenly -- Crash! We smashed up on a rock. About fifteen gallons of water came in over the stern and immediately turned to ice in the bottom of the boat. We then paddled in about fifty yards, went ashore, and examined the motor. The shear pin had broken and we had no spare.
“They made a hurried inspection of the Quaker Oats property, which they described as ‘fairly level with a beach of stones about 100 feet wide; quite thick with jack pine and spruce, poplar and birch.’ Then they headed back, drifting with the current, wet and cold, to Dawson.
“ ‘I remember there were all these old guys, real Gabby Hayes types, living in cabins along the river,’ laughs Baker. ‘They must have wondered what was going on as we floated on by dressed in Brooks Brothers’ suits and Chesterfield coats. We had no hats and were just wearing shoes, no boots.
Quaker Oats formed a subsidiary, the Klondike Big Inch Land Co., incorporated in Illinois, to handle the promotion. Baker’s deeds could now be decorated with an official-looking corporate seal. The promotion was first announced on the Sgt. Preston network radio show on Jan. 27, 1955. At the same time, advertisements, “You’ll actually own one square inch of Yukon land in the famous gold country!” appeared in ninety-three newspapers.
The public response outdistanced Baker’s wildest dreams. Quaker Oats cereal sold as quickly as the deeds could be printed and stuffed into the boxes. Grocers even set up special Quaker Oats displays.
Quaker distributed over twenty-one million deeds. The yellow-framed, individually numbered certificates carried a corporate seal, a logo of a prospector panning for gold and a place for the owner to sign his, or her, name.
The deeds excluded mineral rights although the area had by then already been stripped of gold. They wanted to be sure that deed owners wouldn’t try to mine their square-inch properties. It was also stipulated that owners had to allow perpetual access, or “easements,” across their land to others who might wish to visit their own inches.
Quaker Oats still receives hundreds of inquiries every year from kids who have grown up and rediscovered a deed and from executors of estates who have come across a Big Inch deed in a deceased’s belongings. How much, they all want to know, is this land worth now? Is the deed genuine? Are there taxes owed on the land? Where exactly is it located?
But, alas, the replies carry sad news. Not only do these people not own the land now, they never did because each individual deed was never formally registered. The Klondike Big Inch Land Co., an Illinois subsidiary established to handle the cereal’s land affairs, has gone out of business. And anyway, the Canadian government repossessed all the land back in 1965 for nonpayment of $37.20 in property taxes.
Quaker has been threatened with lawsuits over the matter and is tired of the time and expense required to answer letters. Quaker executives cringe at the mention of the promotion. It’s unlikely, however, that a lawsuit would proceed very far. Since the Klondike Big Inch Land Co. has been dissolved, there’s nobody left to sue. In effect, it would be like suing a dead person who has left no assets. That’s the bad news.
The good news is that, thanks to the nostalgia boom, a number of memorabilia experts claim the old deeds are now worth as much as $90 each to collectors.
Following up the land give-a-way, cereal eaters were offered a one-ounce “poke” pouch of genuine Yukon dirt for 25 cents. This promotion, too, was a success.
To Canadian lawyer Van Roggen, it was fun. “I called a fellow I knew in Dawson and told him to sift four tons of sand from the bed of the Klondike River. It had to be pebble-free, and I wanted him to store it in a warm warehouse. I couldn’t tell him, though, what we wanted it for. The people up there thought he’d gone out of his mind."
The sand was trucked to Whitehorse, packed into pouches, then sent overland to Anchorage, Alaska. It had to be mailed from there because of postal difficulties in sending it from Canada.
Each package of Quaker Puffed Rice and Quaker Puffed Wheat contained pictures and information on two breeds of dogs. The entire collection totaled totaled cards.
4. Yukon Adventure Story Cards, (1950), Quaker Oats Two action-packed, colorful pictures of life on the Yukon were found in each box of Puffed Rice and Wheat for a total of 36 cards. They were issued first in 1950 to promote the radio series and reprinted in 1956 as an adjunct to the television series.
These are included because they came at the very beginning of the television series but, no doubt, were eagerly welcomed by Preston radio fans.
The whistle was originally printed on a flat 3.5" x 4.5" waxed cardboard sheet.
The small comic books were entitled: "How He Became a Sergeant," "How He Found Yukon King," and "How Yukon King Saved Him from the Wolves."
Three Great Adventure Games, complete with game board, rules, and playing pieces, were featured on Quaker Puffed Wheat and Rice. Their titles were: "The Great Yukon River Race," "Sergeant Preston Gets His Man!" and "The Dog Sled Race."
Fifty-nine models of buildings and animals that were found along the Yukon Trail were featured on eight separate cereal packages. Cut and assembled, they gave the owner a real presence in the Yukon.
A Stagecoach, Chuck Wagon, Buckboard, Great Plains Freighter, and a Covered Wagon were avaiable. Each was only 25c plus a boxtop, or all five wagons could be had for only $1 and a single boxtop. They were easy to assemble and were big, at least 4 1/2" long or more. And get this, they came with a money back guarantee!
The metal dectector is made from hard plastic operated by battery. "Zany Toys Ore Detector" is marked on the dials. The top center has a foil sticker with portrait of Sgt. Preston and Yukon King and an additional sticker around the working compass has the letters of the alphabet. Gauge appears at top beneath a clear plastic window. A battery is supposed to move gauge needle when unit is near metal.
"Challenge of the Yukon/Maple leaf Forever"
"How He Became a Sergeant"
"Case of the Orphan Dog"
"Case of the Indian Rebellion" | 2019-04-19T23:16:36Z | http://www.thestreatorhighschool1958.com/10.htm |
Truth be told, I’ve always had a little bit of a pet-peeve against brands and organizations that use unnecessary letters and intentionally misspelled words in their company names (AJ’s Hot Rodz, Tim’s Pro Cutz Barbershop, etc).
However, I’ll make an exception for “CBD Infusionz,” as these guys have got some very legit hemp-based products at some of the most competitive prices in the entire industry. They’ve also got a truly MASSIVE selection of products to choose from though surprisingly, they don’t have any CBD vape selections at all (unfortunately for all you big time “vaperz” out there).
I’ve been able to try out the brand’s full-spectrum CBD tinctures, the “CBD Infusionz Chewing Gum,” and the CBD Shatter Slab isolates for my dab rig. Keep reading to see how they stacked up against some of my go-to brands like Pure Kana and Green Roads.
CBD Infusionz is a super unique (in a good way) company that’s based out of the (arguable) cannabis epicenter of North America – Denver, Colorado.
These guys have not been around in the industry terribly long, but it didn’t take them much time at all to establish a solid foothold in the market. And with ultra effective and uniquely-designed products like “Hemp Joints,” “CBD Shatter Slabs,” and vegan “CBD Health Bites,” it’s no surprise that they’ve been able to accomplish what they have in such a short amount of time.
Based in Denver, CO. It sounds a little biased to say it, but basically if you’re a cannabis company that can survive in the cutthroat, “accept-nothing-but-the-best” atmosphere of Denver CO, then you’ve got an excellent pedigree for success in the market – and CBD Infusionz is no doubt one of the top organizations in the area.
Good blog. This is kind of an odd highlight to include as it obviously has nothing to do with the quality of their CBD products, but I’ve come to realize that any company who spends the time (and has the knowledge) to maintain a well-run and up to date blog, is a company worth investing your money in.
Huge selection of product. This is not to say that CBD Infusionz is a good brand just because they have a huge selection of product – no. Rather, they’re a GREAT brand because they have such a huge selection of product, AND are able to maintain the quality and efficiency over each and every one of them.
Very competitive pricing. The first time I shopped around on the CBD Infusionz online store, I was actually pretty surprised by the competitiveness of their prices (nearly 20% cheaper than some of the other top brands across most of their product lineup). Since they had a big reputation well before I ever purchased from them, I figured they would have super high prices. However, the opposite is largely true – top-shelf products at VERY reasonable prices, for the most part.
Dry hemp flower. I’ll admit, I used to be a (cigarette) smoker, and I thoroughly enjoy puffing on some dry herb every now again – especially when it’s got therapeutic CBD in it like CBD Infusionz’s “Terpy J” pre-rolled hemp joints. One of the coolest products I’ve seen hit the industry in a long, long time.
There are two main things that I was kind of upset with after ordering from CBD Infusionz for the first time: 1) they DO NOT have different flavors to select from for their standard CBD oils; and 2) they do not have any vape products at all (I’m not a huge vaper by any means, but this is still super surprising given such a large and well-established company).
As I mentioned in the intro, I’ve been able to try the CBD Infusionz FSO (full-spectrum) oil tincture, the Shatter Slab concentrate, and the CBD chewing gum.
First, the chewing gum. I won’t say at all that I was disappointed with it or that it tasted “bad,” but I will say that for $19.99 a pop (no pun intended), I was expecting just a little more in terms of effects. That being said however I was actually feeling pretty good when I tried it, so I really don’t have much to gauge the effects it did have off of. And as far as taste, it’s certainly not awful (I tried the cinnamon), but it’s definitely not the best I’ve had either.
The 600mg FSO oil tincture that I used worked absolutely wonderfully, and given that it’s nearly 20% cheaper than the brand I currently use, I’m seriously considering switching over long-term (I used CBD oil almost every day for chronic pain and sporadic migraines, and this stuff worked great for both).
Lastly, the only thing that I’ll say about the CBD Shatter Dab isolates is that they’re VERY potent. It of course doesn’t mess up your mind at all or get you high (there’s actually zero THC whatsoever in it), but the calming, almost sedative effects kick in more or less immediately. I actually had my wife try it when she was having a particularly hard night sleeping, and it helped immensely – within 15 minutes she was legitimately sound asleep.
CBD Infusionz has got a HUGE selection of products to choose from. When you click on the “Shop” page on their website, it’s almost overwhelming the amount of stuff they’ve got available.
CBD Infusionz CBD Oil Tinctures: So the CBD Infusionz standard oil tinctures come in several different options. Broadly speaking, they’ve got either FSO tinctures (Full-Spectrum Oils), or ISO tinctures (CBD isolates which contain zero THC). The FSO tinctures come in four different potencies (150mg, 300mg, 600mg, and 1200mg), while the THC-free ISO tinctures are infused in MCT oil, and come in the same four potencies. There are no flavoring options with any of the tinctures – they’re only currently available in natural hemp.
CBD Infusionz Dry Flower Products: These are pretty unique in the legal CBD industry, but I absolutely love them; Dry Flower Hemp “Joints.” They’re actually from a brand called ‘Terpy J’s,’ but CBD Infusionz must have some sort of a partnership with them. Basically, they’re just like marijuana joints but filled with CBD hemp instead of THC cannabis. Perfectly legal, and will NOT get you high.
CBD Infusionz Edibles: CBD Infusionz has a MASSIVE amount of CBD edibles available – it would be entirely counterproductive to try and list every single one of them on here. Basically, they’ve got loads of different gummies and sweets to choose from, hard candies, CBD suckers/lollipops, chewing gum, vegan CBD options, sugar free options, gluten-free options, and some pretty tasty-looking granola style “health bites” that are listed as “natural” edibles. Really, your best bet is to just sort through all of them in the online store yourself and find something (or a handful of things) that look appealing to you.
CBD Infusionz Capsules: The CBD capsules are available in full-spectrum (FSO), isolate (ISO), and gel options. The FSO capsules come in bottles of 10, 20 or 30, and each capsule contains 15mg of CBD. The ISO capsules come in bottles of 25 or 50, and each capsule contains 10mg of CBD.
CBD Infusionz Dabs/Concentrates: CBD Infusionz is one of the very few hemp companies who offers a good selection of CBD concentrates that you can use for dab rigs and vaporizers. They’ve got some super potent stuff including 99% CBD Isolate Crystals, CBD Wax, Shatter Slabs, and CBD Powder.
CBD Infusionz Topical Lotion/Salve: The topical CBD creams that you can massage into the skin or joint areas come in 2 oz (150mg), 4 oz (300mg), or 8 oz (600mg) tubs.
CBD Infusionz Pet Products: CBD Infusionz has an entire page of pet-specific CBD products, including bacon, peanut butter, and cheddar cheese flavored treats, oral hemp tinctures, and FSO capsules, ISO capsules, and gel capsules.
CBD Infusionz Dry Flower Products: A single Terpy J Hemp joint is $9.99; 6-packs (which include a cool collectible tin storage can) are $49.99. These legal “hemp joints” contain added terpenes for real-life marijuana joint flavors, but DO NOT contain THC and therefore will not get you high.
CBD Infusionz Edibles: CBD Infusionz has a massive amount of CBD candies, gummies, whole grain bars and other edibles options for sale, ranging in price from $19.99-$24.99.
CBD Infusionz Capsules: Full-spectrum (FSO) capsules come in bottles of 10 ($29.99), 20 ($34.99) or 30 ($54.99) and contain 15mg of CBD each. ISO (isolate) capsules come in bottles of 25 ($39.99) or 50 ($69.99) and contain 10mg of CBD each. FSO sample CBD gel capsules come in 2-packs for $4.99 (contain 15mg CBD each), and ISO sample capsules come in 2-packs for $3.99 (10mg CBD each).
CBD Infusionz Dabs/Concentrates: The 99% CBD isolate crystals come in ¼ g containers (250mg CBD) for $19.99; ½ g containers (500mg CBD) for $25.99; or 1 g containers (1,000mg CBD) for $39.99. ¼ g of Dab Wax is $14.99; 1/2 g is $24.99; and 1 g is $39.99. ¼ g (250mg CBD) of CBD Shatter Slab is $19.99; ½ g is $29.99; 1 g is $49.99.
CBD Infusionz Pet Products: The flavored CBD dog treats come in packs of 25 (10mg CBD) for $34.99, the capsules come in bottles of either 25 ($44.99) or 50 ($79.99), and the 1 oz bottles of oil drops (that you can add to their food) come in strengths of either 250mg ($44.99) or 500mg ($79.99).
Would I recommend CBD Infusionz? Absolutely. In fact, based on their overall value I would recommend them to complete beginners as well as daily CBD users. Like I said, I’ve been using the same CBD oil tincture for going on three years now, and I’m seriously considering switching over to CBD Infusionz permanently because I get basically the same exact effects, for about 20% less cost.
Moreover, they’ve got such a massive product lineup that you’re bound to find something that not only works for you and your situation (including your budget), but also that you enjoy taking.
Great brand, great products, and (mostly) great prices — what more could you ask for?
After gaining lots of weight in my 20s, I began noticing join pain. I combined a good workout with CBD Infusionz Topical Lotion, and finally I am completely free of joint pain.
I’m a bit of a CBD connoisseur, and the CBD Herbal Tonic has not disappointed in terms of flavor. I just wish the bottle looked a little more appealing.
I had never tried a vape before, but I enjoyed my first experience with the grape flavored vape – it helped kick my anxiety to the curb.
CBD Infusion beats any other CBD manufacturers, in terms of the flavors in their CBD Products. Moreover, they got a plenitude of different gummies and CBD Sweets like hard candies, CBD suckers, lollipops, chewing gum, sugar-free options etc.
I found the website a little confusing when trying to find products, but the Hemp dog treats seem to be working well on my little chihuahua.
Nasir from Ashburn just bough!
Bradley from Ashburn just bough!
Delaney from Ashburn just bough! | 2019-04-19T19:06:39Z | https://www.shoppingcbd.com/cbd-infusionz/ |
OTTAWA—His Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston, Governor General of Canada, will present the Meritorious Service Decorations (Civil Division) to 45 recipients from various sectors across the country on Friday, November 25, 2016, at 10:30 a.m., during a ceremony at Rideau Hall. On this occasion, the Governor General will present 14 Meritorious Service Crosses and 31 Meritorious Service Medals.
The Meritorious Service Decorations were established to recognize the extraordinary people who make Canada proud. Their acts are often innovative, set an example or model for others to follow, or respond to a particular challenge faced by a community. The best candidates are those who inspire others through their motivation to find solutions to specific and pressing needs or provide an important service to their community or country. For more information or to nominate a deserving Canadian, visit www.merit.gg.ca.
Staff Sergeant David Frederick McIntyre, M.O.M., M.S.C.
Constable Alan Dennis Arsenault, M.S.M.
Robert Wendell Clarke, M.S.M., C.D.
Superintendent David William Hazelton, M.S.M.
Constable Tobin Hinton, M.O.M., M.S.M.
Constable David W. Kolb, M.S.M.
Constable Walter Maxwell McKay, M.S.M.
Constable Mark Warren Steinkampf, M.S.M.
As the face of the Royal Ottawa Foundation for Mental Health’s You Know Who I Am campaign, Daniel Alfredsson has used his star power to address the stigma surrounding mental illness. The former captain of the Ottawa Senators went public about his own experience with supporting a loved one who struggled with mental illness. He has challenged society to be more open about mental health issues and his ongoing commitment is an inspiration for many to seek the help they need.
Social worker Teresa Dellar co-founded the West Island Palliative Care Residence in 2002, the first facility in Montréal to offer end-of-life care in a residential setting. Her passionate leadership as executive director has resulted in stable funding for the non-profit foundation and a large expansion of the residence. The model of holistic care she created for patients and their families is now used in facilities across Canada.
Dominick Gauthier and JD Miller initiated B2ten in 2002 to support Freestyle Olympic skier Jennifer Heil in her rehab following an injury she suffered while preparing for the 2006 Winter Olympic Games. The trio has since led B2ten, raising millions of dollars from the private sector to provide equipment, coaching and training opportunities for Canadian Olympic athletes to achieve success. These elite athletes have also become ambassadors for health and wellness, influencing society and young Canadians to live active, balanced and purposeful lives.
While in his role as president and CEO, Marcel Lauzière did an exemplary job of restructuring Imagine Canada, an organization that supports the charitable sector. He succeeded in rectifying Imagine Canada’s financial situation and created an atmosphere of trust and sound governance among a wide range of private sector, government and charitable organizations. His efforts helped to bolster charities so that they, in turn, could support the communities they serve.
A social worker and hip-hop dancer, Stephen Ward Leafloor combined his passions to found BluePrintForLife. Geared towards at-risk youth in northern Canada and inner cities, this initiative offers programs for Indigenous youth rooted in traditional culture and hip-hop dance. Tackling such complex subjects as bullying, violence, sexual abuse, addiction and suicide, BluePrintForLife facilitates intergenerational healing and touches the lives of thousands of young people.
A lifelong advocate for people with disabilities, Monique Lefebvre launched Défi sportif AlterGo in 1984. For a week each year, Montréal welcomes thousands of athletes with disabilities to this international competition featuring dozens of sports disciplines. The event has become a proving ground for future Paralympians, and also shines a light on issues of inclusion and accessibility in the wider community.
Their daughter’s diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy—a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder—spurred David and Lindey McIntyre to create Bethany’s Hope Foundation. Since then, the foundation has grown into a source of comfort, information and guidance for families around the world dealing with similar circumstances. Though Bethany passed away 16 years ago, the foundation named in her honour continues to raise funds and promote research in a quest to find a cure.
Todd Nicholson donned the maple leaf in five Paralympic Games, winning three medals in sledge hockey, and an additional eight at World Championships. Representing athletes on the International Paralympic Committee Governing Board, he is an ambassador for sport advancing the Paralympic movement internationally and bringing sledge hockey into the national spotlight.
Dedicated to making a difference in their adopted country of choice, Sima Sharifi and Arnold Witzig are committed champions of the Canadian Arctic. Together, they created the Arctic Inspiration Prize, which is given annually to diverse teams as catalyst funding for initiatives that apply knowledge to real-world issues, for the benefit of present and future generations in Canada’s North.
For over 20 years, William Adair served as CEO of Spinal Cord Injury Ontario (SCIO), an organization that champions excellence in service, advocacy and quality of life for people with disabilities. Thanks to his leadership, SCIO was reinvigorated, a post-doctoral fellowship in spinal cord injury research was established at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, and thousands of people with disabilities are now able to live more fulfilling lives.
In the late 1990s, long-serving Emergency Medical Services officer Richard Armstrong saw the need for an organization that would give Ontario’s ambulance service providers a common voice during the transfer of responsibility for ambulance services from the province to municipalities. Thanks to his leadership and vision as founding president of the Ontario Association of Paramedic Chiefs, 175 Ontario ambulance service providers have been successfully united and can now share best practices and save more lives.
In 1997, seven Vancouver Police officers patrolling the city’s Downtown Eastside decided to film their daily encounters with drug addicts. Over the course of two years, they chronicled the gut-wrenching effects of substance abuse on addicts who were willing participants in their first film Through the Blue Lens. As Odd Squad Productions, the group has gone on to create a series of award-winning films on the subjects of guns, gangs, drugs and crime. Their goal is to open a window onto the harsh reality of criminal behaviour to empower at-risk youth to make better choices.
Visionary Nathalie Beaudry founded Les filles et les sciences, un duo électrisant! in 1998. Through this annual activity, she has helped to familiarize high school girls in Quebec with professions in science and technology. This event presents a range of career options and encourages future generations of girls to pursue their studies in these fields.
Dr. Ed Brown developed and implemented North Network and oversaw its expansion to what is now called the Ontario Telemedicine Network (OTN), one of the largest telemedicine networks in the world. Through videoconferencing and other electronic equipment, OTN brings specialized health care to hundreds of rural Ontario patients each day in their home communities, saving them the time and expense of travelling to urban centres for treatment.
In the midst of great confusion and uncertainty, and under extremely dangerous conditions, Michael Ryan Callan was deployed as the Canadian International Development Agency’s first representative in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Using original approaches, he involved local partners in education, reconstruction and local governance projects. His innovative methods had a profound impact on the ongoing Canadian mission, and gained considerable credit and recognition for Canada.
Working in collaboration with local palliative care associations, Robert Wendell Clarke spearheaded the development of A Caregiver’s Guide: A handbook about end-of-life care. As demand grew, Mr. Clarke oversaw its cultural adaptation and translation into French and Inuktitut. The publication is now used across Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal and China as a trusted resource for those supporting loved ones in palliative care.
In 2010, Leonard Edwards served as the prime minister’s personal representative—or “Sherpa”—at both the G8 and G20 summits in Canada. He expertly resolved and addressed issues and concerns of participating nations, and laid the groundwork for international negotiations that resulted in historic agreements on global economic reform, and maternal and child health.
When former police superintendent David Hazelton was sent to Iraq, it was in the role of civilian advisor. Yet when he found himself in the middle of an attack, he fearlessly took charge. On the outskirts of Baghdad he, along with members of the Iraqi special police and the U.S. Marines, landed in an ambush of gun and rocket fire following a car bomb explosion. His quick decision making and calm leadership saved the lives of American and Iraqi personnel, and reduced civilian casualties.
In 2008, Mississauga fire captain Robert Kirkpatrick volunteered to serve as president and general manager of the Canadian Fallen Firefighters Foundation (CFFF), a charity devoted to preserving the memory and supporting the families of firefighters who died in the line of duty. Thanks to his leadership, the first national memorial dedicated to all fallen Canadian firefighters was unveiled in Ottawa and the CFFF as an organization was reinvigorated.
Joanne Klauke-LaBelle believed in the healing influence of music, so she established Harmony for Youth for teens struggling with confidence issues or anti-social behaviour. For every hour of free music lessons she gave them, she encouraged them to volunteer one hour of service to the community. Her welcoming, judgment-free attitude gave at-risk youth a sense of belonging and showed them how to contribute to society. Harmony has since grown to include other arts programs and a drop-in centre.
A developer and visionary in the affordable housing market, Michel Labbé founded Options for Homes in Toronto. Through its innovative financing program to boost down payments, many low-income families are now able to become first-time homebuyers, rather than rely on rental or subsidized housing.
After Canadian Olympic cycling hopeful Claudine Labelle suffered a career-ending accident, she channeled her love of sport into speaking about healthy living at local schools. In 2007, she founded FitSpirit to encourage girls to discover the long-term benefits of getting active with friends. FitSpirit’s programs have expanded to enrich the lives of students in schools across Ontario and Quebec.
In 2002, when her five-year-old son’s cancer was in remission, Francine Laplante established the Fondation des Gouverneurs de l’espoir to ensure the well-being of young people battling this disease. Determined to make a tangible difference in the fight against pediatric cancer, she spearheaded numerous fundraising campaigns that ultimately led to the creation of the François-Karl Viau Chair, the first chair in pediatric oncogenomics in Canada.
In 1989, former CBC Radio announcer Judy Maddren began organizing charity readings of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol across Canada to give others the opportunity to experience the joy of this Christmas classic. Thanks to her creativity and vision over the past 25 years, these events have brought happiness to audiences throughout the country and have raised funds for community organizations like food banks, shelters, libraries and hospitals.
In 2003, Ranjana Mitra founded the Community Environment Alliance of Peel, a non-profit, community-based organization dedicated to enhancing community health and environmental sustainability. The Alliance encourages individuals and companies to dispose of e-waste properly, and also distributes refurbished computers and reconditioned bicycles throughout the community. Ms. Mitra has become a driving force in preserving our planet for future generations.
Barry Phippen organized the first New Liskeard Bikers Reunion in the parking lot of his graphic design shop in 1999 to raise funds for local cancer patients’ treatment and travel costs. It has since become the largest annual tourism event in the area, attracting upwards of 100 000 people and raising millions of dollars for local cancer programs.
As executive director of the East Scarborough Boys and Girls Club, Ron Rock created the Youth Challenge Fund to build safe, healthy and inclusive opportunities for youth in an underserved neighbourhood within the GTA. He established critical partnerships with local organizations to ensure program funding for young people in his community, which allowed them to develop leadership and skills training, and set them up for success in the future.
Jasmin Roy’s commitment to fight discrimination, bullying and violence in schools led him to create the Fondation Jasmin Roy in 2010. With determination, he mobilized Quebec leaders to implement innovative measures to combat these problems. Through this initiative, he ensures that young people have the tools to create a safe, harassment-free learning environment.
As a former paramedic, Vincent Savoia established the Tema Conter Memorial Trust in 2001 to raise awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder and critical incident stress among emergency service workers. Now a national organization, the Trust conducts research while also providing peer support and family assistance, referrals, a scholarship, and mental health training for emergency service workers.
A history teacher at the Smiths Falls District Collegiate Institute, Aaron Blake Seward developed the Lest We Forget project with the help of his Grade 10 class, documenting the history of local soldiers who died in service to Canada during the First World War. The project was so successful it was replicated across the Upper Canada District School Board and has inspired a pan-Canadian project for students, involving Library and Archives Canada and Veterans Affairs Canada.
Co-founder of MAC Cosmetics Ltd., Julie Toskan-Casale has shared her success by establishing the grassroots Youth Philanthropy Initiative (YPI), a school program that empowers youth to address social issues in their communities. Students visit charities and non-profit organizations and present their findings to their classmates, who then collectively decide which charity should receive a grant from YPI. Through YPI, Ms. Toskan-Casale’s vision continues to have a positive impact on student-selected programs across Canada.
In 2004, Ted van der Zalm founded Wells of Hope to provide underserved areas in Guatemala with access to clean water, education and basic health care. Thanks to his commitment and compassion, more than 50 000 people in the communities of Jalapa and Jutiapa now have access to 12 new wells, 15 new schools and dental care. What is more, hundreds of Canadians have joined the Wells of Hope Mission Experience volunteer program to help people in developing countries.
On June 15, 2012, Peter Manly Wright was providing humanitarian aid in Maban, South Sudan, when he learned that three United Nations staff had been captured by a local army group commander miles away from any other help. Without any financial or protective support, Mr. Wright entered the heavily guarded camp and successfully negotiated the release of the three staff members. Thanks to his courage, cultural awareness and quick thinking, a high-risk situation was defused without violence or loss of life.
Since 2002, Dr. Mark Zamorski has been the head of the Deployment Health Section for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Health Services. In his role, he has created Enhanced Post Deployment Screening, a program that identifies and treats those who have deployment-related health complications, particularly psychosocial problems. Thanks to his vision and dedication, the CAF is better equipped to address the mental health needs of its members. | 2019-04-23T15:51:25Z | https://www.defencemedals.ca/blogs/news/governor-general-to-present-45-meritorious-service-decorations-civil-division |
Rent a Dumpster in Annona Now!
Simply give us a call and we will answer any questions you may have about the Annona dumpster rental procedure, allowed materials, size you may need, etc.
Our roll off containers can usually be delivered in Annona the day after you place your order. Make sure to call us early to ensure timely delivery.
Dumpster rental firms commonly have set costs, but the fine art of negotiation is consistently in play. In case you want to dicker on the price, call around to other companies first so you know what the going rental rate is. When you're speaking to the business you intend to use, only mention other costs that are better than theirs. Some companies will not only fit that lower price, they're going to actually surpass it to please their customers.
You can also ask about discounts when you're renting a dumpster in Annona. Some companies will provide special discounts to active members of the military, veterans, seniors, members of the local Chamber of Commerce and more. It never hurts to ask; you can sometimes save up to 10 percent or more with this approach.
You may also save on the price by asking about the very best way to prevent extra expenses (like tipping fees or overage costs) and making sure you order the right size container; you do not desire to pay for more container than you actually need.
Whether or not you need a permanent or roll-off dumpster depends on the type of job and service you need. Permanent dumpster service is for ongoing demands that continue more than just a couple of days. This includes matters like day-to-day waste and recycling needs. Temporary service is precisely what the name implies; a one-time demand for job-specific waste removal.
Temporary roll-off dumpsters are delivered on a truck and are rolled off where they will be used. These are usually bigger containers that may handle all the waste which is included with that specific job. Permanent dumpsters are usually smaller containers because they're emptied on a regular basis and so do not need to hold as much at one time.
Should you request a long-lasting dumpster, some firms demand at least a one-year service agreement for that dumpster. Roll off dumpsters only require a rental fee for the time that you simply keep the dumpster on the job.
A front load dumpster has mechanical arms that that lift containers off the earth. The arms lean to pour the debris into the truck's dumpster. This is a useful alternative for companies that amass large amounts of garbage.
While roll off dumpsters are typically left on location, front load dumpsters will come pick up debris on a set schedule. This makes it possible for sanitation professionals to eliminate garbage and trash for multiple dwellings and companies in the area at reasonable prices.
When you rent a short-term dumpster, your goal is to fill it up and have the waste hauled away. But if you want your waste recycled, you might have to go about it in a somewhat different way. Waste in most temporary dumpsters is not recycled since the containers are so large and hold so much stuff.
If you're interested in recycling any waste from your endeavor, check into getting smaller containers. Many dumpster rental firms in Annona have a wide range of containers available, including those for recycling. These are typically smaller than temporary dumpsters; they are the size of routine trash bins and smaller.
In case you wish to recycle, learn whether the company you are working with uses single stream recycling (you usually do not need to sort the material) or in the event that you will need to organize the recyclable stuff into different containers (aluminum cans, cardboard, plastics, etc.) This is going to make a difference in the variety of containers you need to rent.
When you rent a dumpster in Annona, you are dealing with professionals who use terms connected with the construction industry and dumpsters each day. Because you likely do not use these terms daily, here's a bit of the lingo to get you acclimated. This can really allow you to cope with business employees who may get impatient should you not understand what they're describing about their products.
"Container" and "roll off" are both satisfactory terms for the big metal box you want to rent. Professionals do not use the term "dumpster" as much as the other terms. Containers are usually leased in cubic yard sizes, but you do not have to include the "cubic" part. Only say "yard" or "yarder." If, for instance, you want to rent a 30-yard dumpster, you can say, "I'm interested in a 30-yard roll off" or "I'd like to rent a 30-yarder." Use these terms, and you'll sound like a professional when you call.
Do I require a license to rent a dumpster in Annona?
If this is your first time renting a dumpster in Annona, you may not know what's legally permissible in regards to the positioning of the dumpster. In case you plan to put the dumpster completely on your own property, you're not usually required to get a license.
If, however, your job needs you to place the dumpster on a public road or roadway, this may normally mean you have to make an application for a license. It is almost always advisable to check with your local city or county offices (possibly the parking enforcement division) if you own a question regarding the demand for a license on a road.
If you fail to get a license and discover out later that you were required to have one, you'll likely face a fine from your local authorities. In most dumpster rental in Annona cases, though, you should be just fine without a license as long as you keep the dumpster on your property.
Depending on the size of your project, you may require a little or big dumpster that could hold all the debris and leftover stuff.
The most typical dumpsters include 10-yard, 20-yard, 30-yard, and 40-yard versions. When you have a small project, for example clearing out a garage or basement, you can probably reap the benefits of a 10-yard or 20-yard dumpster. When you have a larger project, for example a complete remodel or building a new house, then you will likely need a 30-yard or 40-yard dumpster.
Many people decide to rent a larger dumpster than they think they will desire. Although renting a larger dumpster costs more cash, it's cheaper than having to an additional dumpster after a little one gets complete.
Building Dumpster Rental in Annona - Do You Need One?
The most typical exception to this rule is when you've got a truck that is large enough to transport all building debris to a landfill or landfill drop off point. If you are working on a tiny bathroom remodeling project, for example, you could find you could fit all of the debris in a truck bed.
Other than quite small projects, it's recommended that you rent a dumpster in Annona for building projects.
If you aren't sure whether your municipality accepts building debris, contact the city for more advice. You will likely discover that you will have to rent a dumpster in Annona. Placing debris out for garbage removal could possibly result in fines.
Dumpster rentals are one of the most affordable ways to remove waste and debris from a house or commercial property. Still, it's important that you consider your options to ensure you get the very best price possible on your dumpster rental in Annona.
Asking companies for price quotes is one of the easiest methods to ensure you get a good deal. After speaking to a number of businesses, you can compare the estimates to determine which one matches your needs at the lowest price. When getting estimates, make sure that the companies include all the services that you will want. More than a few companies charge extra for services like drop off and pick up. They might additionally charge higher rates for removing certain types of materials. By having them include all the fees in your estimate, you can compare the prices correctly instead of getting mislead by a rental business that hides extra costs.
All major credit cards accepted for dumpster rentals in Annona. | 2019-04-19T20:28:38Z | http://www.dumpstertx.com/dumpster-rental/annona/ |
Timothy San Pedro is a PhD Candidate in English Education at Arizona State University, where he has conducted three years of ethnographic research in a Native American Literature classroom in a state that has banned ethnic studies programs in public schools. He taught Alaska Native High School students for the Cook Inlet Tribal Council and grew up on the Flathead Indian Reservation in western Montana. He is a Ford Fellow; a Gates Millennium Scholar, mentor, and regional director; and a Cultivating New Voices among Scholars of Color Fellow. San Pedro’s research interests include Native American Urban Education and socio-culturally sustaining pedagogies.
As I enter the Native American Literature classroom that I am conducting research in, I see many faces, hear many stories, and engage in many conversations. On this particular day, I overhear a conversation Eileen has with another classmate. She says to her friend: “If you cut us in half and put us together, you’d have two complete people.” Eileen is referring to her and her friend’s ethnic makeup; they are both half Navajo and half African American.
Although a joke between two friends, I know what it feels like to want to be fully something, rather than on the margins of two or more cultural or ethnic identities. I want to reach out to both of them at this point and say, “It can get quite confusing. Take me, for example. I’m half Filipino, half Caucasian, yet I grew up on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Since my family left my father, I have had zero contact with my Filipino culture and have been embraced by the Native American community around me. Where does that leave me? Who does that make me? Where do I fit, if anywhere?” Those conversations centered on identity may come later with Eileen. For now, I just give them a smile.
In the process of getting to know Eileen, who is a participant in my research, I have had an incredible opportunity to reflect on what I experienced when I was her age growing up in a school system that rarely acknowledged cultural expertise, perspectives and knowledges of the Native American peoples that surrounded my and her high school.
Eileen: I think it gives me more opinions to say sometimes in the American history class since they are back to back. So like it’s interesting to see what Ms. Bee will say and then go into American history and see what Mr. Decker will say and I always say that it’s completely different, but it’s a little interesting. It’s really the only thing I pay attention…. I just sit there.
Eileen says that although she just sits there, quiet, she is still taking notes in class and attentive to what is being taught. The notes she is taking are not the normal notes that we may be used to where we write down what the teacher has said so that we can memorize events and “facts” to pass a test. No, Eileen takes notes on the contradictions in knowledge between her American history and her Native American literature class. She is having a conversation with herself on paper in class, a silent one, where she is addressing what Mr. Decker left out of his power point slides and what has been left out of the “American” history textbook in front of her. What keeps her attention is where her knowledge fits and where her knowledge has been erased, skimmed over, ignored.
I think back to my schooling and wonder about those faint thoughts in the back of my head when being taught a particular and political curriculum at my school. I can remember thinking: “Why are the histories of my Native American friends and families not being discussed? The only section they mention anything about Native Americans is at the very beginning and they discuss them as if they are in the ancient past, dead, gone, when I am sitting next to my friends who still are alive and are very much tied to their culture and their traditions?” Having been a participant in Eileen’s classroom, I know that she and her classmates are getting the opportunity (that they say is rare) to discuss power, to discuss race, to discuss how history and science and math and English subjects are taught in a particular perspective that may or may not confirm what they are taught at home. When Eileen’s history textbooks present Western European versions of “discovering” America, “finding” Arizona, or limiting discussions about Native Americans to the first chapter of the textbook, she now understands that such teachings represent one perspective. She can now push back on perspectives that do not represent her own. More specifically, Eileen and her classmates have an opportunity to navigate their understanding as to why their histories, their Indigenous knowledges and languages are not a part of their school’s official curriculum. They have an opportunity to see the inaccuracies, complications and/or contradictions in their education and to do so in a safe space where differing opinions are heard and not torn down if different than others.
For Eileen (and many of the other participants I have worked with), she said that having one space where her ideas, her opinions, her identity can be shown and heard allows her to deal with the other spaces in her school and in her community that deny her portions of herself. In this Native American literature classroom, she has the chance to see her and others’ tribes, both in a historical and contemporary context, in a way that reflects back to her that, yes, she is a part of the conversation, and, yes, she is more than a bullet point on a power point or a creation story from someone else’s tribe at the beginning of a textbook and, yes, certain knowledges are ignored, denied, and invalidated in official school spaces. Eileen’s Native American literature class is one way to move forward in schools, but for other non-Native minorities these classes are considered threatening and in some cases even prohibited.
I think back to my high school and a few of my Native American friends who made the decision to leave school before graduating. I wonder, if they had one space in school, one classroom where these important discussion of race, power, and perspectives could be shared and collectively understood, might they have had an opportunity to deal with the other spaces that attempted to ignore or gloss over these issues that they see on a daily basis?
I do know that last year, Eileen failed her American history course because she refused to learn a biased history that didn’t reflect her own. She took a stand against the education she was receiving. The consequence of this decision was that she had to take the course again; however, this year, she had a Native American literature classroom that validated her perspectives and allowed her to learn another side of history. As such, she passed her American history course, not because she necessarily believed in what was being said, but that she was engaged in the conversation because she was taking note of the inaccuracies between the two classes.
Eileen’s navigation between these two very different classrooms makes me wonder: How can we, as educators, provide these safe spaces for students? How can difficult conversations around issues that our educational system does not want to address become meaningful and enriching? How can we validate the many histories, perspectives, and issues that all our students bring with them, rather than creating laws that deny them books, and classrooms, and ideas that help them make sense of their world?
Tim, I appreciated this piece for many reasons–I have a masters in English Education from ASU and value the learning I did as a teacher of Caucasian, Black, Latino, and Native American children in Mesa years ago. I am now teaching and coaching teachers and a central focus of the course I teach is cultural proficiency. I am always looking for new examples to help teachers (particularly white teachers who have lived in largely white neighborhoods and taught in schools that are White culturally and curricularly) see the importance of cultural proficiency and its implications for what we teach and how we teach. I look forward to reading more about your research.
It is so challenging to bring the experience of non-dominant culture, and especially indigenous students into focus for most educators. Thank you, Tim, for an articulate presentation of the nuances and outcomes for this student; it’s really well done. I work every day to find answers to the critical questions you pose, and together with many astounding educators have actually answered them. What it takes is acknowledging experiences like Eileen’s and owning them, seeing the adult culpability, the personal responsibility we have to every single student to never allow a learning environment where everyone isn’t validated, regardless of who is in the room. Writing like yours helps teachers to make that connection, to see “what’s missing”. I think our best shot at meaningful education reform along the lines you propose is in engaging teachers in this “seeing” of what and more importantly, HOW, they teach, through the very real eyes of others divergent experience. Teachers often get very attached to stellar outcomes for some students and they really don’t want to think about how that lesson plan, that unit, might be an affirming and comfortable experience for some students and deeply damaging for others. The big “aha” is when teachers realize that those stellar outcomes aren’t really so stellar as they have reproduced their own ignorance and entitlement in their students and left them with no valuable skills for community building across difference. I would like to ask permission to share this post with educators in print form.
Thanks Laura and Jane for your comments. Having conversations like this one are so crucial to moving forward. I am glad that I was able to convey the lesson that Eileen revealed to me. A bit of a backstory: this conversation between Eileen and myself was not scheduled. Rather, she would come in to the library, where I was transcribing and creating field notes, and would initiated the conversation. She trusted that I would listen, ask questions and follow up with her later. These conversations became so meaningful to the both of us because we were discovering who we were and how we fit by telling stories to one another, story-ing. I mention this because I feel it’s important to value what makes us human when engaging in conversations with others. In my field, we call this humanizing research and, while this means different things to different people, to me it means that we honor and validate those we are speaking to by giving back to the conversations in meaningful ways which connect us as human beings. “Culture” is such a broad term; as such, teachers may be uneasy to discuss that which they are not too familiar with. We, as teachers, are taught in our preparation courses that we should have all the answers before we teach a lesson (I had a few classes that taught me that anyway). Instead, and this is speaking to your point Jane, we need to not only open ourselves to the possibility of letting our students teach us, but we need to also actively understand the communities that surround our schools. We need to invest in the communities that are investing in us. We need to better know whose children these students come from and find meaningful connections that bridge–scratch that– weave community and school, official and non-official learning spaces, teachers and place. We need to step outside our comfort zone, investigate our own cultural assumptions and stereotypes and allow ourselves to be taught by the places and people that surround us. Again, thank you for your feedback. You never know how your message is going to be received or rejected by other professionals. Jane, I am honored that you wish to share this with others. You have my blessing. If/when you do, would you mind sharing a few “aha’s” from the conversation that this piece might invoke in the comments section here? I’d love to hear how others are interacting with this. | 2019-04-18T14:48:26Z | http://www.niusileadscape.org/bl/finding-spaces-to-be-our-whole-selves-a-navigation-of-identity-by-tim-san-pedro/ |
Today on The Survival Podcast I answer listener questions about subjects such as states rights, dealing with bugs in your preps, waking up a sheeple, storing gold, my changing accent and more.
We also continue the intro segment today we talk about a few assclowns including, the student suing a college because her degree did not get her a job. Our assclown president is getting ready to break his promise to not raise taxes (he should call up George Bush Sr. and ask him about that first) and of course the punish the millionaire’s tax to fund health care.
Does section ten, clause one of the U.S. Constitution give the states the ability to produce coin based currency as long as it is gold or silver?
How do you keep bugs out of your stored food items?
How do you awaken a parent who is not a prepper as a young person who is paying attention?
Can you do more then “slow cook” with a solar oven? Can you make bread, boil water, make pasta or rice? If so how?
How can you control cottontail rabbits if they are harming your garden?
What is up with my changing accent?
A couple in California asks “should we continue to rent and save to move away or should we buy now in California”?
How do you determine what makes up a “30 day supply” of food?
Hi Jack, thanks for answering my question. Here's the additional info you asked for. Our rent is $1,100 right now for a 1-bd apartment. The rent includes all utilities. We saved up the 130k in five years starting when we first got married. At first, we weren't saving up as much because I was still in college. But now we are saving about $40k a year. I'm a teacher and my husband is an IT Director (he is the one making all the money, haha). I know what you mean about Californians driving up the housing market in other areas – we had wanted to move to Oregon, but now the housing prices are high over there, too, because that's where all the Californians want to move to. In our area, a lot of jobs are being lost and one of the major source of jobs over here – a car manufacturing plant – just got closed down. So the housing prices are dropping and that's another reason we don't want to buy here – the house might lose a lot of its value pretty fast. I grew up in New Mexico and East Texas and moved here to go to college once I turned 18. So I'm not a surfer/hippie type and would be happy living in a rural area somewhere. My husband grew up here.
I think you should sit down with your hubby and have a talk. Set clear goals about where you want your family to be in a couple of years. Then work out how you are going to get there. Right now saving 40k per year is huge. Even at very safe interest rates you could retire at 45 if you keep this up then move from california. However starting a family is crazy expensive in CA, you have to look at the whole picture and where you want to be.
Don't make a hasty decision without really looking at hard numbers – all the numbers. You may find you are not-so-bad off where you are. There are lots of advantages to renting that people forget. Mainly the ability to relocate quickly, a month to month lease can be very liberating. Plus the time you don't have to spend on upkeep of your home is huge. Right now I would really love to get back some of the time I spend on upkeep.
The best advice I can give is to have patience. This is long term life planning – treat the process with respect and you will be happier with the outcome.
Thanks Chris. I came across a website about housing and why renting is often better than buying (http://www.patrick.net). He has some pretty convincing stuff on there. We decided our plan right now is to stick where we are, keep doing what we're doing and not make any decisions yet about where we will buy.
I think that is a great plan Alison because it is your plan. Glad we could help you sort it out. I will say this, SHOP, shop all over the country, window shop on the net. Dream big and dream small. Find a perfect dream home with money as no object and at the same time find the most you can get for the least amount of money. Find stuff between the two. This way when you are ready you will also be very informed. Shopping online for property and occasionally physically is free, fun and educational. If more people did it there would be a hell of a lot less of a mess in today's real estate market.
Thanks, I will definitely keep looking to see what is out there so that we are informed when the time comes to buy. And we might come across a really good deal in the meantime. You are right about shopping "physically" being fun… we have had a hysterical time going to open houses… we went to one house that was perched precariously on a cliff on top of a graveyard and there was a huge earthquake crack going all across the property… yyyyeah.
Also some interesting info on the Social Sec disaster.
I checked out Tactical Response Gear web sit, no mention of a sale.
My Mom has a Texan accent and she only lived there for 4 years. It comes out more when she is drinking or PO'ed.
State of California levied my bank account for DMV fees and put liens on me while I was in Iraq. I am stationed her in California but a Texas resident. I just don't understand how they can yank money out of my bank account, but you mentioned they can steal you safety deposit contents without permission. I kept my vehicle registration current with insurance. My vehicle was in storage on base and found out this happened to several hundred servicemen because the military police electronically turned over the vehicle storage logs to the DMV and DMV decided that we should pay CA DMV fees and billed us for the registration and never even sent me a plate. $410 plus $100 service fee from bank to steal money out of my account. I have yet to get a refund. The point is that they will take anything out of your bank account without notice or permission. I use Navy Federal Credit Union and they pissed me off. I thought they would care but the people I spoke with barely spoke English and acted as if I deserved it. Any suggestions for protecting your money from illegal seizures like this besides burying it.
First, thank you for your service it is much appreciated. With regards to your DMV problem I would suggest contacting JAG to see if they can be of any help in getting your fees refunded. I have a friend who is a JAG in Maryland and I will see if he has any advice. If JAG is either unwilling to help or can't I would suggest contacting a local civil attorney. My area of practice is securities litigation and its in NY so I am unfamiliar with California law. However, at least in the cases I've handled I needed to show that the person was not overseas in the military before I was able to get a default judgment in court so I would assume that the same is true for the leins. Finally, if no one is willing to help legally I would appeal to the media and make a big stink over the whole matter. If this happened at your base I can only assume that the a**clowns in Cali did this to everyone who is deployed overseas. Thanks again for your service PM your email address to me at [email protected] and if I learn anything further I will pass it along to you.
We're storing food in buckets with 2.5 gallon ziplocks and oxygen absorbers. We do not have mylar bags or the heat seal machine. Our buckets have the rubber seal around the top.
Question for Jack: what do you think about storing buckets of wheat, white rice and / or dried beans in a shed with no a/c? We live in Texas. We're out of room in the house and I want to store more food.
Jack as an FYI the intro music and closing music are all screwy when you listen to the podcast on the site. Thanks for all your hard work.
Concerning bug control: you can buy wheat berries that unknown to you contain bug larvae that will hatch and devour the grain. A very effective method of control is diatomaceous earth. It is sold on the internet, it is commonly used in swimming pools, cockroach control. It is not a poison, and therefore bugs do not develop immunity to it.
It would have a feature that scans the barcodes, links to an online user updated database and logs the item along with calorie count and any nutritional information. The more users, the more complete the database.
It would allow for logging in items manually as well for homegrown goodies and other packageless foods.
It would have individual profiles on family members, taking into account any special or dietary needs.
It would have the ability to project the number of days of sustainability based on an X calories per day diet. ("X" being a user defined variable).
It would have the ability to determine a calories per day diet base on a given timeline of X number of days.
It would be able to manage the rotation of food by logging expiration dates and giving notifications or visual cues when items are near expiration.
It would tell you where you are lacking from a nutritional standpoint, based on your inventory.
It would give random nutritional tips, cooking and recipe tips, tips on food storage, etc. upon start up.
It would have the ability to generate indepth reports exportable in PDF format.
I've never actually used one of these programs nor have I researched any to see what features they have to offer, so I may be missing some pretty crucial things or I may have gone a bit overboard with the ones I've suggested. When you mentioned it on your show, I just got to thinking and my brain went into beta-tester mode. I'm sure a basic excel sheet would work fine for most people, but idealistically this is what I'd like to see.
1. In her original filing, she misspelled "tuition" | 2019-04-26T08:36:08Z | http://www.thesurvivalpodcast.com/episode-248-audience-questions-for-8-03-09 |
This week is a busy concert week for me and I decided to add one more show to the schedule when Winterfylleth hit Eindhoven. On a Wednesday night in Dynamo? You bet I have to be present at that one!
So we head down to the Dynamo basement for some fine UK black metal. Now, for those that are not aware, UK black metal has always had a distinct flavor. Winterfylleth was among the bands featured in below-linked documentary (check it out, it’s cool). The band can be considered an integral part of the Brittish sound.
So we kick off the night with Necronautical, a relatively young band in the genre. These guys from the northwest of England play a bit of an eclectic kind of black metal. The sound is mostly solid, but combining symphonic elements, grand clean vocals with heavy and raw passages seems to sort of clash and never find that special chemistry during this live show. Specially the intense performance of their vocalist I liked. The delivery is passionate though. The band sticks it out and plays some blistering riffs, but never really manages to get the crowd on their side. These guys have potential I believe, but I feel that they need to find the right modus for that.
While waiting for Fen to set up, I had a chat with Dan Capp from Winterfylleth and Wolcensmen (which you pronounce as ‘Wol-Ken-s-men). Dan is a very friendly guy and he informed me that Wolcensmen will be playing live. If you can be there to see this (sorta this, I hear it will be different), you’re lucky. I also got that Winterfylleth was going to play work from all their albums. Excitement rising for me then.
First Fen is up and this band makes some music that really deserves praise. On record, the sound doesn’t really get the right treatment it seems, since I found them sort of hard to get into. Like when you read some heavy literature, for example, just heavy material. They play some fierce atmospheric black metal, but here and there you can detect particular Fen-isms, like a little funky bass loop or a bit of Pink Floyd-esque riffing if I may call it that. The problem arises on parts where their sound is quite dense. On those passages, three musicians are bound to have limitations in a live setting. That is clear from the switches between clean vocals and screams, but for a bit, the band is really almost losing control of their material. Still awesome though and very happy to have seen them play finally.
Winterfylleth captured me with the album ‘Divination of Antiquity’, but obviously they’d been at it for a good 6/7 years when I found out about them. Bumping into drummer Simon Lucas and singer Chris Naughton at Eindhoven Metal Meeting a few years ago was very cool. Meeting Dan Capp and bass player Nick Wallwork this time was also cool (it led to this interview). Both sing along live, to give an extra wealth and cadence to the folkish parts. Those have become an integral part of the Winterfylleth sound.
The band live is a continuous flow of great songs and let me emphasize how I really mean flow. The black metal of this band is not hooky and harsh, but melodic and hauntingly beautiful at parts. While Naughton takes on most vocals, a lot of harsh parts are done by Wallwork. Capp focuses on the intricate guitar parts that give the music that special polished shine. Listening to the band play, I think of the landscapes on the covers. The wide, beautiful vista’s depicted there have a lot in common with the beauty of their music, it’s stretched out candor that invites the listener to dwell in it.
The set covers every album, with some particularly good old tracks dropped in to celebrate the 10 year anniversary. Though the band has obviously shifted their sound throughout those years, the set is cohesive and worked into a strong story. The magnificent drumming is not overwhelming, even not in the small basement of Dynamo, with a remarkably balanced and harmonious sound. Hearing personal favorites like ‘Whisper of Elements’ totally makes my night worth it. When we toast to 10 years I did get myself a beer as a little token of respect, because this band nails it every time. Closing the set with a mighty display of force.
A remarkable night with black metal that sounds just perfect to me. Thanks, guys, congrats on 10 years and onward to the next 10 I would say.
Now and then you find a band that is approaching music from a very own perspective and position. With experience in Winterfylleth, it is no surprise to find that Dan Capp is one of those that likes to find the root of things and go from there. Wolcensmen is essential Englishness, but without the stereotypes. There is no superiority, just a thoughtful and captivating story of its identity.
It’s noteworthy that though Dan is active in Winterfylleth, his own journey with Wolcensmen started way earlier and has its roots exactly where I felt they came from. But why spoil information that you can read below from the source. What I would like to address in this brief introduction is the album that Wolcensmen has released recently, titled Songs from the Fyrgen. This record is a collaborative effort that takes you as a listener far, far away from England that you may imagine to something more essential and pure. To a pastoral vista that you may only still find in novels these days. I think it’s an album that you can fall in love with.
First off, let me ask you how the idea of Wolcensmen was conceived. I understand it’s been a work of multiple years actually?
Dan: Musically, the roots of Wolcensmen are in my teenage years, around about 1998. I’d recently been introduced to the early works of Ulver, Opeth and Empyrium (as well as ’90s Norwegian black metal) and I was particularly taken by the mood created in these bands’ acoustic interludes. I was inspired to create something similar and would use my stereo Hi-Fi system to record dual-guitar parts onto cassette. Friends at the time said I should do more of this but I instead chose to make more aggressive music for some years. Then in 2010 I found myself in a Dublin pub watching an Irish folk band perform and it dawned on me that England lacked this sort of culture and perhaps I could be someone to resurrect it – this was the conceptual beginning of Wolcensmen. I remembered how much I’d enjoyed writing acoustic songs in my younger years, wrote some songs for a demo and… here we are.
How did you get into making folk music like this? Is that a long lasting desire you had and where does your inspiration come from? Are there artists that you would cite as influences? Where do the other elements come from?
Dan: I guess I pretty much answered this in response to your last question, but I’ll add a few things. I was introduced to folk music by metal bands who had veered from the trodden path and used acoustic instruments to enhance their dark, romantic atmospheres. It’s only in recent years that I’ve familiarised myself with more traditional folk (usually in the form of acts like Steeleye Span and Blackmore’s Night who perform many traditional songs from around the British Isles and Europe). Wolcensmen’s primary influences will always be early Ulver and Empyrium in particular. However, Songs from the Fyrgen wouldn’t sound the way it does were it not for classical music and black metal (related) bands such as Summoning, Burzum and Bathory.
What is the goal, the purpose that you had with the project? The feeling you wish to evoke? Where do you draw your inspiration from?
Dan: The purpose of Wolcensmen, thematically, is to remind the World that England exists as a people and a culture, and that its original culture is Heathen and Teutonic. Obviously that is not to say that it is music only for Englishmen – far from it. Most of the people who seem to have truly connected with it on a spiritual level are from all over the World. But because of this purpose, the feeling I want to evoke is one of a pre-Industrial England where mysticism reigns supreme and man can still lose himself among quiet, pristine hills and forests. ‘Fyrgen’, from the title, means ‘wooded hilltop’ – remembering a time before dense human population, industry and farming had removed much of the woodland.
In 2013 you’ve released a demo, how did that help you to get to the final product and did you get in touch with the other artists before or after this production? Did it help in conveying the idea you had?
Dan: The demo was very much a solo project – an experiment more than anything, as I’d never even sung lead vocals on anything before. I had no idea whether the songs would even turn out well. It certainly set the mould for Wolcensmen, undoubtedly. The concept was already very sure and strong by the time of the demo recording. The only contributor I was talking with at that time was Jake Rogers, who was offering me feedback on the mix (via email) as it unfolded. During that time he offered to perform flute on any future songs I wanted him to, which is how he ended up contributing to the album.
Can you tell me how the collaboration worked? I understand you are in charge of the final product, but in what way did different people from various countries contribute to something that is quintessentially a British folk album?
Dan: It was a different story for each of the contributors really. As mentioned, Jake Rogers had offered to play flute for me, which I was very keen on as I only play guitar and wanted a variety of real instruments on the album. With most of the parts, the good men involved performed and recorded with real instruments what I had written in MIDI, set to a MIDI tempo map. They’d then simply send me the digital files and I edited them into place. On ‘Snowfall’ I gave Jake a blank canvas to compose a flute part over the top of, and the result almost brought me to tears. Likewise with ‘Neath a Wreath of Firs’ where I asked Grimrik to create an intro and outro – whatever he wanted as long as it fit the song. Again, he amazed me with what he conjured. Nash Rothanburg was given a section of the song ‘Hoofes Upon the Shymmeringe Path’ to add some ritualistic vocals to and did just what was needed. Mark Capp, my brother, is a drummer and helped me to write all the percussion parts as well as performing Bodhran on two of the songs. Dries Gaerdelen brought a wonderful human touch to my MIDI piano compositions. And the most difficult instrument to coordinate the recording of was Raphael Weinroth-Browne’s cello, because it is present throughout most songs. I needed to give him a big set of files and time to learn it all (which he did masterfully, as expected).
Songs from the Fyrgen is quintessentially English, but I didn’t need all performers to necessarily be English – Englishness is just the foundational, conceptual concept behind the project.
What does the heathen aspect mean to you? And where do you get the stories and themes from for those willing to delve into this?
Dan: Well the Heathen aspect is vital, because I am a Heathen and Wolcensmen is essentially a cultural statement. It is meant to be romantic, and I simply can’t see that there’s anything to romanticise about post-Christian England. It was the beginning of our decline. The stories are mine, except for ‘The Mon o’ Micht’, which is lyrically traditional, and ‘Hoofes Upon the Shymmeringe Path’ whose lyrics are based on the names of the horses belonging to the Asa (Aesir) gods, on which they ride across Bifrost, ‘the shimmering path’, to Asgard. My other lyrics are inspired by folk tales, natural phenomena and esoteric concepts.
You’re also active in Winterfylleth, a group that (although not always as explicitly) draws inspiration from the land and heritage very strongly. Has that helped or affected your own project in some ways? Did they help you with ideas or such?
Dan: Surprisingly, no! I joined Winterfylleth two years ago at the start of 2015 and Wolcensmen was already well under way. Myself and the other guys in Winterfylleth are long-time friends and happen to have a similar worldview, which I suppose is one of the reasons they felt I was a good choice when they needed a new guitarist. They were always on hand to offer feedback while I made Songs from the Fyrgen, and I value their support. But composing for Wolcensmen was a very personal process and only those who performed on the album had any real influence on the music.
You’ve recorded in various places. There are other artists in the folk realm who’ve done this in order to captivate something in the music. Is that something you had in mind as a goal or did it become part of the result in some way?
Dan: No. There was nothing desirable about recording different instruments in different parts of the World. My collaborators did a stunning job which I’ll forever be grateful for, but given a choice I’d rather record everything in one place and time – preferably in a good studio.
When I listened to the record, I immediately felt a connection to the way Tolkien depicts the Shire as a sort of pre-industrial England in The Lord of the Rings. Very pastoral, calm and natural. Does that make sense to you in a way?
Dan: Absolutely!!! I touched on this earlier in the interview without having read your questions ahead. Tolkien is without a doubt the earliest, most key influence in my cultural and creative mind-set. His books set the scene for all of the language, art, landscape and mythology I would go on to love. He was deeply regretful of England’s industrialisation, as am I. In some ways – and without having mentioned it anywhere – Songs from the Fyrgen should really be in honour of J.R.R. Tolkien. Furthermore, my target audience would tend to be the types of people that also fell in love with his books; so I hope with this album to have given a little ‘boost’ to that part of someone who felt magic when first reading The Hobbit or The Lord of the Rings, but maybe hasn’t felt it too often since then.
What future plans do you have for Wolcensmen? Will there be a live experience?
Dan: There are no future plans, only vague dreams. Composing is what I love most, and I hope I can make another album sometime. I wouldn’t be short of ideas, but I simply can’t bring myself to self-record again (even if the result was pretty good). Unlike a lot of modern musicians, I don’t enjoy the production side of things, and I would need a producer to work with – someone who understands this music well. This would depend on future label support so I’m not holding my breath. Deivlforst are wonderful, but these days, in the musical underground, many labels often count on musicians to self-record their music in home studios.
As for live performances… I really don’t know. At first (when I watched that Irish Folk band perform) I envisioned it being very much a live thing. But then as the project took form I knew it couldn’t be recreated onstage. Now there are a few people calling for it so I’m not ruling it out. The demand would have to be high though, because the preparation required for even a single show would be quite a task. Another possibility is some kind of stripped down two-man version, which I’d say is more likely.
Finally, if Wolcensmen was a dish (food), what would it be and why?
Dan: Haha… Let’s go with: Fried mushrooms in wild garlic, with a desert course of berries. Mushrooms because they’re wild, mysterious and have long grown in the indigenous forests of northern Europe. Garlic because of its healing properties. Berries because they’re linked with Yuletide, as Songs from the Fyrgen seems to be.
Thanks for the thoughtful questions and interest in my answers. Wæs þu hæl to you and your readers Guido. | 2019-04-25T04:19:21Z | http://stranger-aeons.com/tag/winterfylleth/ |
At the time of writing, the GLO Premier Leauge 2011-2012 in Ghana has reached its seventh round of football. Here are some observations from the six first rounds.
* Things are as expected at Aduana Stars FC. The club is struggling for goals but has one of the meanest defences in the league, centered around Johnson Adomah (born 05.06.1985) and Emmanuel Akuoko. Right-back Godfred Saka (born 02.11.1988) has been on fire lately and the set-piece expert already has three league goals to his name. Richard Arhin (born 09.11.1991), signed from the Red Bull Academy befBeore the season, has been ever present up front but has still not scored a goal. Bernard Don-Bortey (born 22.09.1982), widely regarded as the most creative player at the club, is unsettled and has only featured once so far this season.
* Asante Kotoko FC has the most exciting attacking duo in the league. Nathaniel Asamoah (born 22.02.1990) and the mercurial Ivorian striker Ahmed Touré (born 17.07.1987) has scored three and four goals respectively. Attacking midfielder Augustine Okrah (born 18.09.1993), who impressed in pre-season, has somewhat surprisingly yet to make his league debut but has been on the bench once. Veteran goalkeeper Abdoulaye Soulama (born 29.11.1974) from Burkina Faso has been in great form and has been ever present so far.
Teenage left-back Abdul Rahman Baba is one of the most hyped players in the league at the moment. Baba has been impressive in the four matches he has featured in and the modern-style attacking player has already been named in the squad of the Ghana U-20 national football team. Apparently, Baba is already on the radar of European scouts. Baba is a former member of the Ghana U-17 national football team and was signed from Dreams FC before the current season.
* AshantiGold SC has been somewhat dissapointing so far and the club desperately needs a goalscorer. Yakubu Mohammed (born 26.07.1990), last season’s top scorer, has only one goal to his name so far. Ivorian attacker Didier Florent Guibihi Koré (born 17.04.1989) has yet to score despite being ever present so far. At the moment, the most interesting players at the club are playmaker Aaron Amoah (born 07.07.1993), defensive midfielder Malik Akowuah (born 07.04.1989) and right-back Henri Traoré from Burkina Faso.
* Newly promoted Bechem United FC are rock bottom with only one point. Their defensive record is horrible despite interesting newcomers such as goalkeeper George Arthur (born 16.03.1987) and right-back Godfred Ofosu (born 21.01.1989) – both signed from Asante Kotoko FC. I’m expecting more from the experienced strikeforce of Richard Addai (born 27.07.1986), formerly of Aduana Stars FC, Eric Fordjour (born 07.08.1988), formerly of AshantiGold SC, and Peter Ofori Quaye (born 21.03.1980), with about 20 matches for the Ghana national football team. I think the club could use a midfield general, such as the already mentioned Malik Akowuah.
* I have a good feeling about central defender John Afrifa (born 03.12.1993) and right-back Prince Ahenkan Adjei of Berekum Arsenal FC. Both players are rookies in the GLO Premier League and they have made impressive starts to their careers.
* A few days ago, Hans van der Pluym, the head coach of Berekum Chelsea FC, stated that there are too many rugged defenders in the GLO Premier League and that Ghana should develop more ball playing defenders. Personally, I totally agree with van der Pluym. From my point of view, one of the best ball playing defenders in Ghana is youngster Ahmed Adams of Berekum Chelsea FC.
Berekum Chelsea FC has won their two last matches and I think they will become stronger as the season grows older. Emmanuel Clottey (born 30.08.1987) has found his scoring boots with three goals in the last two matches. It’s also interesting to see that Ernest Sowah (born 31.03.1988) claimed the number one shirt when he returned from national team duties despite good performances from Collins Addo (born 24.04.1989). From now on, it’s no question who is the first choice at the club.
I’m expecting a lot more from newly signed midfielders Solomon Asante (born 06.03.1987), Gladson Awako (born 31.12.1990) and winger Nurudeen Ali (born 16.05.1991). All players have had a rather quiet start to the season. It’s also interesting to see that Kweku Andoh (born 16.10.1990), who was a big star at Heart of Lions FC, has failed to break into the first team. Coach van der Pluym seems to be preferring Eric Agyemang (right-back), Alfred Arthur (left-back) and central defenders Adams and Edward Kpodo (born 14.01.1990).
* Goalkeeper Foli Adade (born 10.12.1992) of Ebusua Dwarfs has been in impressive form this season, conceding only two goals in six matches. Adade is arguably the most promising teenage goalkeeper in Ghana. He is strongly built, very athletic, but not the tallest. Adade is an excellent shot stopper and also confident with crosses.
* Benjamin Fadi of Heart of Lions FC seems like an interesting striker. Fadi is about to force his way into the first eleven and is apparently a young, lively striker. Fadi scored his first ever league goal on 09.11.2011 against Aduana Stars FC.
* Thomas Arnold Abbey of Hearts of Oak SC has been one of the revelations of the new season. Abbey, apparently 18 years old, was signed from Windy Professionals FC during the summer and has already been named in the squad of the Ghana U-20 national football team. Abubakar Moro(born 07.08.1991), the central midfielder, has also been in great form. Moro is very important for the defensive play of the team with his energetic style, hard work, important tackles and constructive passes. The picture is of Moro and is taken from the new homepage of Hearts of Oak SC: http://www.accraheartsofoak.com/site/home.
The central defensive pair of Kofi Agyare (born 19.02.1982) and Godwin Osei Bonsu (born 03.03.1989) seems very solid and if Douglas Nkrumah (born 28.11.1986) and Mahatma Osumanu Otoo (born 06.02.1992) manages to score regulary, I think Hearts of Oak SC could have a good season.
* What impresses me with Liberty Professionals FC is the seemingly endless flow of talent the club manages to produce, as well as their massive squad with often three players competing for the same position. Liberty uses a rotation system and it is only captain Michael Helegbe (born 15.09.1985), wonderboy Zuberu Fuseini, playmaker Issah Yakubu and holding midfielder / sweeper Kingsley Nteng that has been ever present so far this season. Isaac Sackey, a lanky central midfielder, and central defender Alfred Nelson (born 18.08.1992) are two players to watch.
* How long can Medeama SC hold on to attacking midfieler Jacob Asiedu Appau (born 12.10.1994)? The creative midfielder is already on the radar of European clubs and is currently part of the Ghana U-20 national football team.
* It’s all about Emmanuel Baffour (born 02.04.1989) at New Edubiase United FC. Baffour, the hard-working, intelligent striker, has scored an amazing tally of eight goals in six matches. Local experts think Baffour deserves a chance at the Ghana national football team. Captain Abubakari Mumuni (born 17.05.1993) is getting more and more attention and this brilliant midfielder, the Most Valuable Player of last season, will most likely get a contract with an European club during 2012.
* Tema Youth FC is currently best of the newly promoted teams. Teenage playmaker Moses Odjer and captain Bernard Akuffo (born 20.12.1986) are arguably the two players that has impressed the most so far this season.
* Central midfielder Seidu Salifu (born 02.08.1990) of Wa All Stars FC has gotten some rave reviews this season.
* Wassaman United FC looks poor which is somewhat surprising when you consider the many experienced and interesting players that has been brought to the club, including midfielder Prince Antwi (born 17.06.1986), winger Abdul Bashiru (born 17.04.1992), left-back Emmanuel Eyison (born 02.07.1989), talented midfielder Razak Kassim, midfielder Issah Salihu (born 28.09.1983), midfielder Kweku Essien (born 12.12.1984) and midfielder Yufa Zugah (born 01.08.1989). I think Wassaman United FC has made the common mistake of bringing in too many new players at one time. I also have a feeling that the club is somewhat unbalanced, too many midfielders and few strikers with a nose for goals. However, I think Wassaman United FC will become better when the new players settle into the team. Watch out for Razak Kassim! | 2019-04-24T20:51:28Z | https://westafricanfootball.com/2011/11/20/observations-from-the-glo-premier-league-2011-2012/ |
The stomach is also called “second brain” of the body. Also called the enteric nervous system in the scientific language. Our stomach is home to 300-500 different kinds of bacteria referred to as microbiome. The stomach microbiome plays various important roles in our body. It affects our Mood, metabolism, immune system and lot more.
Diet is responsible for what kind of bacteria flourish in our stomach. So it is up to you if you want HAPPY MEAL FOR TUMMY OR MEAL THAT MAKES YOUR TUMMY HAPPY, So be precise while selecting your Diet or hiring a dietician can be advantageous for your Healthy Lifestyle.
Immunity– Good bacteria act as a physical barrier to intestines.
Nutrition– Good bacteria play a direct role in the synthesis of vitamin B & K. They also help in the absorption of calcium & iron.
Metabolism– Metabolic action of gut flora allows the body to utilise food that would otherwise not be digested.
Obesity– Gut bacteria of obese people vary significantly from normal people.
Inflammation– Shortage of good bacteria leads to the development of Irritable Bowel Diseases & colitis.
Autism– Decrease in gut bacteria diversity has been linked to Autism.
Proper consumption of the right types of food decides your stomach health. The two food groups playing an important role in our gut health are Prebiotics & Probiotics.
Imagine your stomach is a garden. Probiotics are like SEEDS that flourish the microflora in the Stomach, and Prebiotics do the work of FERTILISER that helps stomach microflora nourish and grow.
PROBIOTICS– They are live bacteria naturally created by fermentation of foods like- Yoghurt, Idli, Cheese, Paneer, Kimchi, Pickles, Kefir.
Optimum consumption of Prebiotice and Probiotics will help you maintain perfect stomach health.
Do not go hard on prebiotics all of sudden if you are aiming to improve stomach health. As a sudden increase in prebiotic fibres can cause pretty intense fermentation leading to bloating and gases.
As explained in my last blog, start eating mindfully. Avoid overeating, too spicy food, harsh medication, or anything that irritates the stomach and cause acidity, bloating, constipation, burping, etc.
There are many who get wrongly inspired by commercial ads and think it is mandatory to have antacid tablets or sodas to digest heavy, oily, spicy meal they have. But using too many antacids (in powder or liquid form) is very harmful for the stomach because it contains salts of magnesium & aluminium which cause a laxative effect (wash off good bacteria).
આ અત્યારનો જમાનો અને અત્યારનાં લોકો! અને એમાં ખાસ વાત તો સુરતીઓની! સુરતનાં લોકોને તો બસ પાર્ટી કરવા એક બહાનું જોઈએ કે ક્યારે એ લોકો ઘરે થી બહાર નીકળે અને કોઈ પાર્ટીની મજા માણે. તેમાં જયારે 31મી ડિસેમ્બરની વાત આવે એટલે તો સુરતીઓનાં મિજાજ જ બદલાઈ જાય છે. સુરતનાં લોકો એટલે ખુશમિજાજનાં અને ખાવા-પીવાનાં શોખીન!
31મી ડિસેમ્બરની રાતે ઠેર-ઠેર પાર્ટીઓનું આયોજન થાય છે. લોકો ક્લબમાં અને મોલમાં મજા માણવા જાય છે. ખાસ કરીને સુરતનાં લોકો કોઈ મહેફિલની મજા માણવાનું કઈ રીતે ચુકી શકે ? તેઓ પોતાના ઘરની અગાસી પર સાઉન્ડ સિસ્ટમ ચાલુ કરીને પણ પાર્ટીની મજા માણે છે. પણ અત્યારનાં યુવાન-યુવતીઓ પોતાના કોલેજનાં ગ્રુપ સાથે બહાર ફરવા જાય છે અને ક્લબમાં ડાન્સ પાર્ટીની મજા માણવા જાય છે. અમુક છોકરીઓ વેસ્ટર્ન કપડાં પહેરીને પાર્ટીમાં જાય તો એવા સંજોગોમાં છોકરીઓની છેડતી ન થાય એ માટે આપણે સાવચેતી રાખવી જોઈએ.
જો છોકરીઓ કોઈ પણ જગ્યાએ પાર્ટી કરવા જાય અને તેમને કોઈ પણ મુશ્કેલી જણાય તો તેઓ તરત જ પોલીસને મદદ માટે બોલાવી શકે છે. 31મી ડિસેમ્બર જેવા ખાસ દિવસે પોલિસ આપણી સુરક્ષા માટે દરેક વિસ્તારમાં કાર્યરત હોય છે અને માતા-પિતા પોતાના બાળકોનું ધ્યાન રાખે કે તેઓ ક્યાં, કોની સાથે અને કેવા કપડાં પહેરીને જાય છે. તેથી છોકરીઓની સુરક્ષા જળવાઈ રહે અને તેઓ સારી રીતે પાર્ટીની મજા પણ માણી શકે.
આ તો થઈ સુરક્ષાની વાત, હવે કરીએ થોડી ફનની વાત!
છોકરાઓ પાસે તો કપડાં માટે કોઈ ખાસ ચોઈસ હોતી નથી, તેઓ ફક્ત જિન્સ સાથે શર્ટ કે ટી -શર્ટ અને કોટ પહેરી શકે પણ છોકરીઓ પાસે ગમે તેટલા કપડાં હોય એમને તો ઓછા જ પડે! તેમની બસ એક જ ફરિયાદ હોય કે મારી પાસે કપડાં જ નથી! દર વખતે તેઓ કંઈક નવું પહેરવાની ઈચ્છા રાખતા હોય છે અને ખાસ કરીને કોઈ પાર્ટીમાં જવાનું હોય તો ભારે કપડાં પહેરવા જોઈએ. તો ચાલો કંઈક વિચારીયે કે 31મી ડિસેમ્બરે આ વર્ષે શું પહેરી શકાય!
• જિન્સ અને કોલરવાળું ક્રોપ ટોપ એક આકર્ષક દેખાવ આપી શકે છે.
• વેલ્વેટવાળું ફ્રોક પહેરી શકાય. તેમાં પણ ભૂરા અને કાળા રંગનું વેલ્વેટનું ફ્રોક અને તેની સાથે સિલ્વર રંગનો બેલ્ટ વધારે આકર્ષક લૂક આપી શકે.
• જમ્પસુટ સાથે પાતળો બેલ્ટ પેહરી શકાય.
• શ્રગ સાથે ફ્રોક પહેરી શકાય.
અંતે, કહેવાનો સાર એટલો જ છે કે આપણે કોઈ પણ પ્રકારનાં કપડાં પહેરીયે પણ એક વાતનું ખાસ ધ્યાન રાખીયે કે એ કપડાં વ્યવસ્થિત હોય. આ કપડામાં સલામતી અને સુરક્ષાની સાથે છોકરીઓ પોતાને એક સારો લૂક આપી શકશે.
આપણી સુરક્ષા એ આપણી ફરજ છે, તો આપણે જ એના પ્રત્યે સાવચેતી રાખવી જોઈએ. તો ચાલો, સાથે મળીને આ 31મી ડિસેમ્બર પૂરી સલામતીથી ઉજવીએ અને નવા વર્ષનું આનંદ અને ઉલ્લાસથી સ્વાગત કરીએ.
Who says that a working woman should have a plan only for the weekday work? If the working ladies have to stay tuned to life, they have to literally prepare an agenda for the weekend too! The life of the working women is not so easy and the continuous challenge she faces is to maintain the work-life balance. While most of the young girls are becoming career-centric, they need to learn how to make a balance between work and personal life from their early age. Let’s have a look at a quick list of the activities which make a weekend worthwhile for a working woman.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy: Plan a movie/lunch date, meet an old friend/family (if you’re staying away from home), go to a live concert, learn some skill, explore nearby places or visit an art gallery. Do whatever it takes to get over the stress of your office work. The book lovers can get hooked on all their unread stuff (except work related material) on weekend. In short, take time to do anything you enjoy; it will surely give you a refreshing break from your routine. Plus stealing such ‘me-time’ will surely prove to be your productivity booster.
Self Care: More than anything, a weekend is the ‘pampering time’ for working ladies. As the working women have to take special care of grooming; a regular visit to the beauty salon is a must for them. Generally weekend gives them enough time to schedule an appointment for their hair – skin treatments. Isn’t it a great idea to relax and rejuvenate too? Alternatively, sparing time for practicing Yoga will help you to do away with your mental mess.
Shopping: Be it a grocery shopping or shopping of matching accessories with your new dress, nothing works better than the shopping therapy for ladies. Keep your buying list ready, check out the deals/Discounts during weekdays and let weekend shopping work as a ‘mood enhancer’ for you.
Pending work: It’s important to have fun during the weekend but it’s equally essential to set aside some time to do your pending work (no matter how simple or meager it is) because it will keep you get going for the whole week ahead. i.e. get your laundry done, arrange the cluttered cupboard, plan your work wear for the week, cleaning your room etc.
Though working women can always plan their weekend in such a way that they can make the most out of it, they should keep a room for the unplanned/ non-scheduled things for the weekend – like helping your child with his school project.
Let’s beat the heat with healthifying yourself this summertime! Call it detox or cleansing or weight management, summer can prove to be the best time of year to detox/cleanse your body. Whilst the temperature be high we naturally tend to eat light, which ultimately dealt to make the body cleansing process easy. Cleansing of the body needs to be done for better health, fight obesity and illness. Removing toxins/cleansing the body can be done through perspiration & urination.
Here are some of the best and most effective ways that unlock the power of food and drinks to detox or manage weight during summertime.
1. Water Hydration: Hydrating your body is best done with water. Summer means a great necessity for water and to keep it maximum hydrated drinking water is essential.
As people say ‘you must drink as much water as possible’, you must consider this fact and you should at least drink 3-4 litres water a day.
2. Healthy Food: Watermelon, cucumber, lemon, spinach, and mint are some of the selected food items and that are most advised and recommended for summer. Rich in nutrients and low in calories and are also easily available in the market.
3. Detox drinks or Infused Water: The combination of different fruits and spices can make some healthy and delicious drinks to enjoy the whole day. The flavorous water is easy to drink for those who cannot drink normal water. Combining lemon, ginger, mint & cucumber in a jar and keep it aside for 6 hours and then drink it. You can try fruits like sliced apple flavoured with a cinnamon stick.
5. Positivity & Excercise: Exercise, peaceful mind and positivity can always be cheery on your cake. Food and drinks can help release toxins out of the body through urination, exercise can help release toxins through perspiration and healthy means you also need to keep your body involved in some physical activity.
Periods or menstrual cycle is something which comes every month and smashes your thrilling plans as it comes with uneasiness, cramps, stress, hormonal shuffle and mood disorders. Every female has various stories to tell on the plans which were canceled due to monthly cycles. Still one has to gulp the pain and smile as it is not treated as an excuse anywhere. Well, Including this tips in your lifestyle can help you reduce those cramps and be more energetic and cheerful even on those 5 days.
1. Drink Lots of Water: Having more of Liquids and water before a week of your expected date will help you maintain the PH balance in the body as well as keep you hydrated. This hydration in the body manages the flow resulting in reducing the pain.
2. Increase the Intake of Fruits: Fruits help in giving us essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals which maintains the core’s health and detoxifies your body. Increase the Intake of fruits before a week of your expected date of your Periods as it will clean your gut thus reducing the waste which results in reducing the amount of waste in the body. Now you feel less pain on your menstrual cycles as your body is clean beforehand and can process easily.
3. Avoid Junk Food: As they say, if you eat right you would not feel pain during your periods. Try to maintain a healthy lifestyle throughout but make sure you avoid Junk food specifically a week before your Period date. This will surely make your periods bearable and you will suffer less.
4. Avoid Consuming Alcohol: Alcohol has surely become a part of celebrations nowadays but its consumption before a week of cycles and during cycles could decrease the PH balance of the body, lower down the hydration and cause discomfort during periods. Minimizing the intake if necessary could be an option if could not avoid completely. Make sure to detoxify its effects to reduce the agony during cycles.
5. Exercise More: Increasing the intensity of the workout before 5 days of cycles helps in keeping the stomach and body active. This functional body can tackle the extra effort body needs to do which helps in maintaining the routine with a genuine smile and not the one which is hiding the pain.
6. Keep Yourself Happy and Motivated: It is normal to lose your calm, get irritated easily during that ‘time of the month’ but it is equally important for us to keep the mood uplifted. Do whatever makes you happy like eating dark chocolates, talking to someone you are close to or watching a movie. Keep yourself busy so that you do not think about pain much.
World Water Day on 22 March this year proved to be the most effective water day we have seen in last many years. With the power of social media, people have literally spread the message to save water. Many states in India are already facing a scarcity of water in the very starting season of Summer. The message of ‘Save water’ is not limited to one day only and we all must become serious to save water till the monsoon season arrives in India. The recent campaign by Livpure is spreading the message of ‘Save water’ by promoting the campaign CuttingPaani.
The campaign is spreading the message on the social media to drink water as per the need. The hashtag #cuttingpaani is also getting popular on Twitter. This initiative is making all of us think about saving at least half a glass of water when we go feel thirsty. The bottom line is not to waste the water if our thirst is half.
Our team of Girl in neighbour decided to support this campaign and started using a half glass of water only if they are not so thirsty. At our office, we have started serving the half glass water to the clients and guests. If they want more then only we are offering more water. The point is not that we don’t want to offer more water but we believe if the person needs more water to drink, he can definitely ask for more.
The campaign by Livepure has some beautiful videos too which are shared on Youtube channel. These videos make us thinking about how can we save the water at home, office and at restaurants.
We all have taken a pledge to save water at our office and at our homes too. We are already facing water issue in our city Surat, Gujarat and hence this campaign automatically comes near to our hearts. The concept of Cutting Paani must reach out to the maximum people and we all must save the water in any possible sense. Let us all enjoy “Cutting Paani” this summer! Cheers!! | 2019-04-21T23:00:34Z | http://www.girlinneighbour.com/category/girl-lifestyle-blog/ |
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You could be updating your bath room in your modern-day home. Rent a dumpster to toss available any old floor, vanities or bathtub casings. You will be happy that you have a dumpster rental as you or even your contractor can immediately put all of the large debris available instead of tripping on it or maybe throwing the item in your yard as well as creating one particular big mess. Your neighbors don't want to see the mess for a few several weeks while you are redecorating your home.
You can also want to check into hiring a big trash container if you're doing a lot of out of doors work similar to cutting trees or carrying wood away. In this case, may well be cost-effective to hire a large vehicle and you can not put such things as that from the city spend receptacles.
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You want to rent a dumpster or maybe dumpsters from a dependable company also. Clean dumpsters and excellent customer satisfaction are a couple of other items you want to make sure you currently have before figuring out which company to rent from.
The price of Dumpster for Rent in Grand River, OH might vary drastically too. You'll cough up not only for the size of the device but for the supply and grab of it also. Many of these companies will certainly deliver which you unit, figure it out once a week or maybe how actually often it is in your long term contract, and leave which you new one concurrently. These service fees can vary greatly from company to organization.
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Perhaps you offer equipped condos to your condo tenants. You will have to dispose of the bedroom mattresses from time to time. When you rent a dumpster this is an easy way to dispose of large along with bulky mattresses. Any other older furniture can easily be thrown out from the dumpster as well.
Confirm the dumpster companies insurance plan on what can't be added to his or her dumpster(s). For example, most dumpster organizations will not let concrete inside their dumpster. Concrete can certainly stick along with cause the dumpster to take into consideration more, consume room along with basically make dumpster not as valuable as it ought to be.
When you have a great deal of recyclable substance or waste to get rid of, then a dumpster can be just the ticket. Phone a local firm that has a handful of references along with who've been operating for a while. Are going to able to aid your ascertain the best possible type and type connected with dumpster for your needs. Check your local restrictions, and the firm will help you with this, to see where by your form of trash or recyclable could be dumped. The value you may would depend on the weight and sort of waste you have and where it has to become haled away to. Additionally, go for a firm who has a great price, however doesn't have those lengthy along with time-wasting online kinds to complete.
If you have had baby twins or triplets you might need to remodel your kid's master bedrooms. You need to have the option to make use of the room you have as efficient as you possibly can. A structure employee or an interior designer can give you applying for grants how to accomplish that. Once the function gets under way you will need to rent a new dumpster. Find a company that could share with you how big is of a dumpster you will need. You do not want to pay for a large dumpster once you only essential a small dumpster or maybe a medium dumpster. Save your valuable money when you can actually.
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Having a Dumpster for Rent in Grand River, OH to help dispose of unsafe waste materials is a simple and yet extremely powerful means of getting rid of unwanted ingredients from the standard living area. The desire to be more cash conscious in the methods we discard waste materials are extremely widely sought after by the public that including the United States Federal is offering considerable benefits to tax payers who reuse. People are viewing the beauty of carrying out their part since it has to do with waste materials management. Let's suppose there were no easy ways to discard waste materials in the neighborhood, community, city, and so on.
Cleaning out the garage can seem to be like an overpowering task, nevertheless chances are that when you are started, you'll be on a spin and get by yourself organized in no time. It might help break down the job into a several easy steps to help you guide the approach.
Have you looked at your car port or downstairs room lately? Most of us use these locations as long home storage for things we think we might eventually use. But there are always more things we could probably need later on, and these spots fill up quickly, often until we weren't able to find the things we actually need amongst the clutter.
There are numerous companies that supply rolloff Dumpster for Rent in Grand River, OH. A rolloff dumpster is certainly one that gets sent to your yard, driveway or maybe alley, then gets found again when you are done. You may work out a specified rental period with the company (often a week or two). You fill your dumpster, they get it. Your project helps to keep rolling about schedule and you don't have to bother about trash turning up. It's a win-win scenario.
When you insurance policy for home renovation, you have to plan for crap removal additionally. Home renovation about completion will generate huge tons of junk. A Dumpster for Rent in Grand River, OH through professional Dumpster for Rent in Grand River, OH company is the best fit to transport your junk immediately with affordable cost. | 2019-04-20T08:11:55Z | https://dumpsterzone.com/ohio/dumpster-for-rent-grand-river-oh/ |
It’s the start of the classic “groan” joke. And, Yes!, it really happened! The sunny last day of February was a great day of learning with ULI- Northwest’s Center for Leadership class. The Salish Sea was shimmering, the tide was up at Taylor Shellfish Farms on Chuckunut Drive and the raw oyster shellfish lunch was delectable. Taylor Shellfish, the 120-year family-owned business and shellfish operation on Chuckanut Drive, is a 45-minute drive south of Bellingham, Washington and home to a 1,900-acre farm hidden by high tides two times every day. Linda Neunzig, Snohomish County Agricultural Coordinator and owner of Ninety Farms outside of Arlington, Amy Moreno-Sills, PCC Farmland Trust’s Farm to Farmer Coordinator and co-owner of Four Element Farm in Pierce County, and Bill Dewey, Director of Public Relations for Taylor Shellfish and owner of Chuckunut Shellfish, imparted their wisdom on the perils and pleasures of farming. Each farmer further instilled a sense of urgency on remembering where our food comes from and why local farmland and farming is important. Farmland is not just open space.
Food is something we need every day to be vibrant, healthy, and at our peak performance. We expect it to be there whether at the grocery store, at an all you-can-eat buffet, at a local coffee shop, or just in the refrigerator when we wake up in the morning. We don’t think about where food comes from. We just take our food for granted.
Linda set the stage both as a farmer and an agricultural advocate for Snohomish County. Right after the 9/11 tragedy she was in an elementary classroom outside of Everett, Washington, the next big city north of Seattle.
“Where does your food come from?” she asked the students.
With a shrug and disinterest, the students were silent.
The students nodded their heads, silently acknowledging and realizing, that yes, their food did come from a farm.
The students halfheartedly nodded yes.
The students got it. Locally grown food is a necessity for healthy, resilient, sustainable communities.
The Seattle area had just lived through Snowmageddon 2019 in February where grocery stores were stripped of produce and essentials, so the experience of not enough food at a grocery store was very real. Just as the elementary kids realized their food came from farms, the adults, too, had a gut reaction that food just doesn’t come from a grocery store, it comes from farms.
Food has been part of my life forever. Yes, I eat! I have deep roots in food. As a teenager, my first vegetable garden was filled with green beans and tomatoes, which continue to be “green thumb” mainstays. In the 1990’s, my livelihood depended on food. I secured real estate sites and permitted Haggen’s grocery stores in the Pacific Northwest. For five years I served as a PCC Community Markets board member approving new grocery sites, developing policy to reward co-op members, and ensuring the co-op’s financial stability. Beginning in 2006, I started a four-year stint as PCC Farmland Trust’s Executive Director, placing conservation easements on vulnerable farmland, raising (at the height of the recession) significant capital to save at-risk farmland, and doubling the number of donors committed to preserving valuable, productive farmland. I developed a fuller understanding of the joys and more importantly the challenges of farming. I, too, humbly realized, I had taken my food for granted. I vowed to continue to work to protect and respect farmland and the farmers that grow our food.
All food whether at the grocery store, restaurants, sporting events, you name it, comes from farmers. Farmers grow the food on which we are so dependent and we probably never think of thanking them for their work. Farmers are dependent on farmable land and clean, adequate quantities of water to grow the food we eat. Oh, and sun helps, too!
Real estate professionals are dependent on the same resources–land and water–in their business to build communities and cities. Hence putting three farmers in the same room with a group of real estate professionals is an amazing opportunity to cross pollinate understandings and information.
Linda, Amy, and Bill all have two jobs-they run their farm and have a “day” job. Linda Neunzig works a full-time “day job” for Snohomish County advocating for the preservation of farmland and the farming economy. If a farmer goes out of business or sells property to a developer, the farmland is lost forever. It impacts the farm economy and the strength of the food growing profession. For a vibrant farm economy, farmers need support infrastructure and enough farms to support a thriving farm economy. Think about it, for the dairy economy needs large-animal veterinarians, feed and supply stores, large machinery suppliers, and processing facilities for milk. If there is not enough commerce for these agricultural support businesses, they go out of business. While advocating for the farm economy, Linda also runs Ninety Farms, a purebred Katahdin sheep and lambing business that just birthed its 2,600th lamb! She butchers animals for fine restaurants and discerning customers and sells breeding lambs to other farmers worldwide. Both professions keep her quite busy.
Amy Moreno-Sills, with her husband Augustin, farm Four Elements Farm on 56 acres in the fertile Puyallup Valley in Pierce County on property that was conserved by PCC Farmland Trust. Four Elements Farm specializes in bringing healthy, wholesome food to the community and their loyal Community Supported Agricultural (“CSA”) customers. The farm is blessed with 70-year old blueberry bushes where customers can U-pick in season. The farm store is set in the middle of the fields and the business is centrally located between the bustling communities of Puyallup and Orting. Not that she doesn’t have enough to do, Amy’s “day job” is to link farms to farmers and visa versus. She ensures new and expanding farmers have access to available land and retiring farmers have an financially rewarding way to sell their land to a farmer.
Bill Dewey’s almost 30-year “day job” as Director of Public Relations for Taylor Shellfish Farms keeps him hopping to ensure that Samish Bay continues to be a healthy, productive shellfish environment. His other job, a manila clam and geoduck farm business is also located in Samish Bay. During our haven for the day at Taylor Shellfish, Bill emphasized the importance of clean, healthy, cool seawater as critical to growing the best mussels, clams, and oysters.
Bill said that usually only 700 acres of the 1,900 acres of tidelands owned Taylor are farmed at one time. Shellfish delicacies are “planted” regularly at lower tides and harvested as demanded by markets in Seattle and worldwide. Despite what appears to be a large operation on Chuckanut Drive, Taylor’s main office and farm are in Shelton, Washington. With expanding markets and changing seawater conditions, Taylor has had adapt and change their business model. Ocean acidification from a changing climate has impacted how Taylor runs their $68 million worldwide business. Rather than growing seed in the ocean, they are now grown in a laboratory environment in Hawaii to ensure that the seed reaches a large enough mature size to withstand the more challenging natural now more slightly acidic seawater home. Stormwater discharge from the built environment, agriculture or other land-based activities greatly impacts seawater health for shellfish or any sea-based food. Fertilizers, car emissions and oils, and inadequate stormwater control facilities can all compound to tip the balance towards inferior water quality to grow healthy sea crops.
Once out of the laboratory, oysters begin their lives as mere specks eventually attaching themselves to old oyster shells. The fertilized shells are bagged and hung on cords that are stretched between posts in the shallow Samish Bay aqua farm. The Samish Sea tides flow in and out twice a day bringing fresh seawater and nutrients to nurture the fledgling bivalves. Once the oysters have grown to full size, they are harvested and shipped to discerning customers. To educate and bring the good seafood story and delicacies to urbanites, Taylor Shellfish has opened multiple oyster and shellfish bars not only on Chuckanut Drive but also in Seattle and Bellevue!
Transfer of Development Rights (“TDR”) programs were created more than 20 years, but only now are becoming useful and powerful tools to bring density into the cities, while preserving rural lands for farming and forests. How does a TDR program work? A rural land owner sells the rights to develop her property to a government entity such as a County. For example, a farm owner has 100 acres and has a zoning code right to divide the property into ten lots at ten acres each, consequently creating 10 development rights or building lots. Often a landowner will keep at least one development right for an existing home on the property. The County buys the appraised value of the remaining nine development rights from the landowner. The value of each development right is the appraised cost that a landowner would garner for selling the property to a real estate developer. The County holds the development right in a “bank,” until a developer purchases the development right from the County to increase a building’s density or height in a city. These TDRs or in the City of Seattle parlance Regional Development Credits have been used to create more density in the South Lake Union neighborhood and other places in western Washington.
And what was exciting to hear was the spontaneous chatter after the panel presentation. Two or three guys in the back of the room were bantering and one said, “Wow, that presentation blew my mind.” The energy was high in their conversation about their realization of agriculture’s vital importance in the Seattle region, for cities, for people, and our quality of life. The health of agriculture is challenged in our region. Ultimately our own health and the region’s health and prosperity is vulnerable and inextricably linked to the health and vibrancy of agriculture. | 2019-04-26T14:38:42Z | https://metroagstrategies.com/is-a-vibrant-agricultural-community-important/ |
Inside Text: ... and just as easy to see how much WE ENJOY watching YOU!
Artist Notes: A very special girl enjoys Gymnastics a lot and you enjoyed watching her performance. Let her know how proud you are of her with this beautiful Congratulations card. A Gymnast girl during her performance and a butterfly on pink.
Inside Text: You’ve trained for months and tracked your times. Through rain, through snow, hot sun, cool clouds; Your determination had you running for miles. Blisters, sweat, aching muscles, sore feet, are the norm your passion has beat. Short runs, long runs, your endurance was key; Your commitment was strong and an inspiration for many! Congratulations on your recent Marathon! You’re a running superstar!
Artist Notes: Original digital artwork & poem by Lynn C. Vidler ©2011. 26.2 in multiple colors is the focal point of the card since 26.2 are the total # of miles in a Marathon. Completing a Marathon is an accomplishment of spirit and inspiration. Inspirational words are faintly shaded in the background to emphasize this achievement. All cards are customizable, please click on the "artist palette" button to contact the artist.
Inside Text: Now head for the Nineteenth Hole and CELEBRATE!
Artist Notes: This cheerful, sports themed congratulations card is perfect to personalize with the name of a male golfing buddy who made the hole in one! He may even frame this golf themed card as a way to remember a great game on the green.
Inside Text: Congratulations on another milestone.
Artist Notes: After a marathon, the quad muscles are often stiff, making the simple act of walking downstairs difficult.
Inside Text: Forget all the drives that went awry, and all the chip shots that didn’t fly! You had your moment in the sun! Congratulations on your Hole-In-One!
Artist Notes: Every golfer longs for the elusive hole-in-one, and so when he finally achieves it, he certainly deserves some recognition. This card of congratulations features a golfer waiting to tee off off . His dark red pants and white golf shoes are complimented by the colored border on the card.
Artist Notes: A running woman in purple trainers and a purple top, with black hair. She is sprinting and the words 26.2 you did it! are around here feet.
Inside Text: You’ve always been a WINNER in my book!
Artist Notes: This sports themed card, specifically for the runner, is perfect to congratulate the woman who just ran a half marathon! She will be so proud that you recognized her accomplishment that she will want to keep on running!
Artist Notes: This sports themed congratulations card is perfect to congratulate the gal who just completed a marathon, and she's sure to beam with pride at your acknowledge of such a huge accomplishment.
Inside Text: You’re riding the wave of success in your surfing events! Congratulations!
Artist Notes: This delightfully colorful card is perfect for congratulating someone special who loves to surf for their success, with turquoise, orange and yellow surfboards standing tall in the sand of the beach. They are surrounded by a palm tree, seashells and the rolling white surf in the distance. The card's wording is hand lettered and says "Celebrate!" The inside message is "You're riding the wave of success in your surfing events! Congratulations!"
Artist Notes: With full customization I can add or alter wording on the image. Feel free to change the inside verse to suit your needs.
Inside Text: Whoo-Hoo! You did it. You caught your first alligator and you are amazing. Way to go!
Inside Text: So PROUD of your accomplishment! Well done!
Artist Notes: Congratulate the wrestler with this handsome silhouette card showing two wrestlers shaking hands. Perfect card to say congratulations for any great event in wrestling!
Inside Text: CONGRATULATIONS on your First Catch!
Artist Notes: This brown bear knows how to make a great catch and so does the boy or young man who has just made his first catch as fisherman. Congratulate him with this fun card with a play on words.
Inside Text: You played great golf! Congratulations!
Artist Notes: This special Celebrate card is to congratulate someone who plays in golf tournaments, golf matches or just golf foursomes on the weekends. The teed-up dimpled white ball that sits on the red tee will let your favorite golfer know what great golf they have played, as the hand lettered word "Celebrate" tops the card. The card's inside wording says "You played great golf! Congratulations!"
Inside Text: You did it! You finished the race. You’re amazing. Way to go!
Artist Notes: A Marathon Congratulations Card that features a New York City Skyline Silhouette, Runners in white silhouette and an apple with the words "Big Apple."
Inside Text: .... on Making a Hole in One!
Inside Text: You did it! Great game!
Artist Notes: This fun card will say Congratulations to your favorite soccer player or to your favorite entire soccer team, with a huge black and white sectioned soccer ball that fills up the entire right side of the green congratulations card, as it rolls its way down the marked soccer field to score a goal! The white hand lettered message, written in the middle of the green field, says "Celebrate!" The inside wording of the card is "You did it! Great game!"
Inside Text: Marathoner on the rocks? How about a martini on the rocks? Come on, let’s celebrate! Congratulations on your race.
Artist Notes: An ice bath is recommended after running long mileage in order to help the muscles recover faster.
Inside Text: What an awesome achievement!
Artist Notes: A small plane flying across the sky which can be personalised with the name of any golfer. A golf ball flies towards a hole in the green, which is next to a post with a red flag on it. The words 'Congratulations on your hole in one' accompany the image.
Artist Notes: A pale pink card with a pair of pink and white training shoes on it, hanging down and tied together at the laces. The card has the words '26.2 Congratulations' written on the front, and is perfect for congratulating any lady marathon runner on her amazing achievement!
Inside Text: You were so flexible and graceful! It was a beautiful performance! So proud of you!
Artist Notes: A beautiful and elegant Congratulations card to let a special girl know how proud you are of her after a Gymnastics Performance. A card about sport and movement.
Artist Notes: Any lady who has just completed a half marathon is sure to love to receive this congratulations card, after all her training has paid off!
Inside Text: And that set you apart! CONGRATULATIONS!
Artist Notes: Congratulations! You won the game with hustle and heart! Congratulate your favorite football player on a great game with this sports themed greeting card.
Artist Notes: Send this card to congratulate your favorite runner on his completion of running a half marathon with this sports themed congratulations card specifically for those who love to run.
Inside Text: You’re riding the wave of success in your snowboarding events! Congratulations!
Artist Notes: Are you looking for a special card to congratulate someone special who loves to snowboard for their success? This colorful purple, turquoise and black snowboard, ready to take off down the mogul filled snow covered slope, will be just the way to say "Celebrate!". Trees line the slope and a chair lift comes up the left side, as the snowboarder prepares to take off down the slope, under the hand lettered word "Celebrate!" The inside wording is "You're riding the wave of success in your snowboarding events! Congratulations!"
Inside Text: Well done on earning your black belt!
Artist Notes: Illustration of a martial arts practitioner wearing a black belt. A practitioner's level is marked by the belt color; black is commonly the highest color and shows the practitioner to possess a degree of competence.
Inside Text: Props to you.
Inside Text: Way to go! Congratulations on your first buck!
Artist Notes: A buck stands in a tilled field on the cover of this Congrats on Your Buck! card. Send this card to celebrate the big hunt and big reward. | 2019-04-20T02:14:18Z | https://www.greetingcarduniverse.com/congratulations-cards/sporting-event-game |
Victoria R. (Domenichello) Capone of Everett died peacefully February 24 at The Lighthouse Nursing Home in Revere. She was 97 years old.
The wife of the late Anthony B. Capone Sr., she was born and raised in Chelsea, the daughter of the late Edward and Mary (Volta) Domenichello. She was a long time parishioner of Our Lady of Grace Parish in Chelsea, a life-long member of the Daughters of Italy, Onesta de Lavore Lodge, The Social Club of Everett and the Chelsea Moose Club.
She will be remembered most for her quick wit and that unique personality that made Vicki, “Vicki”. She loved “cheating” at cards and playing practical jokes. She was always good for a laugh. She especially cherished and adored her great-grandchildren who held a special place in her heart. Her face just lit up whenever they were around or anytime she had an opportunity to brag about them. She will be missed dearly by those who were closest to her and she leaves behind memories that will remain in our hearts forever.
She is survived by her son, Anthony B. Capone, Jr. and his wife, Margaret (Tomczak) Capone of Everett; grandchildren, Mary A. Ferullo and her husband, Ken, of Everett, Anthony B. Capone II and his long time companion, Jana Vachon, of Rochester, NH and Marcy A. Young and her husband, Steven, of Everett. She was the cherished great grandmother of Anthony, Kenny and Angelina Ferullo of Everett and Ryan Vachon and the sister of the late Edward Domenichello, Michael Domenichello, Rose Yanetti, Helen Cesareo and Lucy Brown. She is also survived by many nieces and nephews.
Another member of the family that she shared a very special bond with was the family pet Bones who unexpectedly passed the day before. It is our hope and belief that he sensed what was to be and went first to meet her in Heaven. May they both rest in peace.
Services at the request of the deceased were private. Arrangements were by Bisbee-Porcella Funeral Home, Saugus.
Robert J. Tolley of Waltham, formerly of Chelsea and Malden, died on February 20 at the Lahey Clinic Medical Center in Burlington after a long illness. He was 61 years old.
A US Army Vietnam veteran, he was an optician in the Vision Center Dept. of Costco in Waltham for the past 10 years.
He was the son of the late George and Gertrude M. (O’Connell) Tolley; dear brother of Thomas F. Tolley of Boston, Donald T. Tolley of Malden, Susan M. Tatarouns-Ward and her husband, Edward W. “Buzzy” Ward, of Everett; brother-in-law of Judith Ann Tolley; uncle of W. “Brad” Tolley of Chelsea, Eric Tatarouns, Briana Tatarouns, both of Everett, and is also lovingly survived by special friends, Angel and Lori Flores-McLeod of Waltham.
Funeral arrangements were by the William R. Carafa & Son Home for Funerals, Chelsea.
Lorraine K. (Ball) Doucette died on February 26 at the Glenridge Nursing Care Center in Medford/Malden where she has been receiving supportive care for the past nine years. She was 91 years old.
Born and raised in Everett, she was the daughter of the late William and Ann (Sambri) Ball.
Mrs. Doucette devoted herself to family and home. She was predeceased by three husbands and her daughter Joyce McKeon. After the passing of Joyce, she immediately became mother to her grandchildren, Anthony and Denise, raising them as her own children.
She was the beloved wife of the late Philip J. Doucette, Benjamin Gurski and Harold Greenlaw; devoted mother of Patricia Cocorochio, Joseph Gurski and his wife, Carol, all of Saugus, Sandra Goodrich of Chelsea, Philip Doucette Jr. and his wife, Dolly, of Dracut, Michael Doucette and his wife, Cecile, of Revere, Anthony McKeon, Denise Ciulla, and her late dear sister Dorothy Gerrimmi. She was the cherished grandmother of Joseph Gurski Jr. and the late William Gurski and is also survived by 10 grandchildren, 22 great-grandchildren and one great-great-grandchild.
A Funeral Mass was celebrated in Our Lady of Grace Church on March 2. Services concluded with burial in Woodlawn Cemetery, Everett. Funeral Arrangements were entrusted to the care and direction of the Frank A. Welsh and Sons Funeral Home. For online guestbook, please visit www.WelshFuneralHome.com.
Charles F. Jones, a lifelong Everett resident, died on February 23. He was 93 years old.
A US Army veteran of World War II, he served in seven major campaigns. He was a retired longtime employee of GE and was an avid fan of both local and professional sports.
He was the beloved husband of the late Florence (Parsons) Jones; son of the late retired Everett police officer William Jones and the late Mildred (Currier) Jones; loving stepfather of Doris Carlino of Everett, Margery Warford of Peabody, Muriel Roos and June Semon of Malden. He is also survived by many cherished grandchildren and great grandchildren.
She is survived by two daughters, Margaret M. “Peggy” Shambarger of Peabody and Karen A. and her husband, Louis Sullo, of Lynn; two sons, Gerald A. and his wife, Barbara Kotkowski and Edward J. and his wife, Cynthia Kotkowski, both of Hampton, NH. She was the sister of Michael, Francis, James and Brenda Forrestall, all of Everett, Marion O’Hare of Medford; grandmother of 13, great grandmother of two and also leaves several nieces and nephews. She was the sister of the late Lucy Furman, Katherine Pisano, Helen DeSantis, Cecilia Forrestall and Carol Julian.
Robert J. Verhault of Stoneham died on February 24. He was 77 years old.
A US Navy veteran of the Korean Conflict, he was the beloved husband of Theresa G. (Morrissey) Verhault; devoted father of Stephen and his wife, Sandra, of Quincy, Michael and his wife, Jane, of New Hampshire, Robert F. of Hawaii, Mark of Wakefield and Linda Verhault of Stoneham; loving son of the late Sarah (Caulderbank) and Stephen Verhault; cherished grandfather of eight; dear brother of the late Stephen Verhault and Virginia Gerbick. He is also survived by many loving nieces and nephews.
Funeral arrangements were completed by the Barile Family Funeral Home, Stoneham. Burial with military honors was at St. Patrick’s Cemetery, Stoneham. In lieu of flowers, please honor Mr. Verhault by making donations in his memory to St. Patrick Building Fund, 9 Pomeworth St., Stoneham, MA 02180. To send a memorial condolence www.barilefuneral.com.
Michelina “Mickey” (Rozzi) Bruno died at the Eastpointe Nursing & Rehabilitation Center in Chelsea on February 25. She was 83 years old.
Born in Boston on July 22, 1926, she was raised in East Boston and attended East Boston Schools. Mrs. Bruno moved to Chelsea in 1952 and lived in Chelsea for more than 30 years before moving to Stoneham in 1985.
She was a loving mother and grandmother who cherished the times spent with her family; she enjoyed bowling and was a longtime member of St. Rose of Lima Church in Chelsea. The Bruno family would like to thank the nursing staff and her beloved friends at Eastpointe for the loving care shown to Mrs. Bruno.
She was the beloved wife of the late Carmelo C. Bruno; loving mother of Grace DiFilippo and her husband, Carmen, of Everett, Joseph Bruno and his wife, Karen, of Bourne, Michael Bruno and his wife, Marie, of Melrose and Carl Bruno and his wife, Sheila, of Everett; grandmother of Anthony DiFilippo, Karen D’Arco and her husband, John, Nicholas, Gina, Eric, Michael Jr., Tim, Peter and Christina Bruno; great grandmother of Jessica, Andrew, Lauren, Benjamin and Alison; sister of Theresa Bourque and her husband, Joseph, of Florida and the late Carmella DiGiovanni, Betina Labossier, Vincenzo and Carmen Rozzi; sister-in-law of Jennie and Joe Gulizia and Joseph Bruno. She is also survived by several nieces and nephews.
Judy (Evans) Leighton of Malden died on February 21.
The devoted wife of William R. Leighton, she was the beloved mother of William R Leighton Jr. of Malden; sister of Eugene Evans of Maine, Don of Connecticut, Lois Marshall and Barry Evans, both of Malden, Lee Glennon of Everett and the late Nancy Rivas. She is also survived by one granddaughter and many nieces and nephews.
Armand “Mindo” Cericola of Medford, formerly of East Boston, died on February 21.
He was the beloved husband of the late Rita F. (Scaramalla); devoted father of Rita Jean Giacobelli and her husband, Vincent, of Medford, Richard Cericola of Maui, HI, Lorraine Cericola and her husband, Ahmed Orchi, of Everett; loving grandfather of Robert and Gina Giacobelli, Ellissa Miguel and Jamil Orchi; brother of the late Mary Panetta, Helen Caccarillo, Joseph and Fred Cericola.
Edmund F. Souza died on February 18 at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.
An electrical engineer at Raytheon for more than 40 years, he was a talented musician, avid fisherman, and excellent photographer. Above all, he was a beloved and loving friend.
He was the beloved husband of Elinore (Fazzina) Souza of Everett; cherished father of Maria L. Souza of Medford and is also survived by his sisters, Lillian Pimentel and Norma Mattos and their families.
He was the beloved father of John Joseph “Jay”; son of Mary (Belluscio) DiCato and the late John; brother of Richard of Pennsylvania, Dennis J. of Revere and James A. of Melrose and is also survived by nieces, nephews and many friends.
Alfred J. “Fred” Chiavelli of Wakefield, formerly of Everett, died on February 22. He was 97 years old.
He was the son of the late Joseph and Virginia (Cefalo). During the depression, Mr. Chiavelli went to live with his sister in Bangor, Me. where he met Ellen Ruth Keegan who he married in 1934. He later worked briefly in a furniture factory in Gardner and a shoe factory in Chelsea where he began learning the electrical trade. He earned his journeyman’s license during World War II and worked installing anti mine devices at the Charlestown Naval Yard.
After the war, he began Chiavelli Electric which he owned and operated for almost 40 years. An avid Red Sox fan, he was a lifetime member of the Knights of Columbus.
His first wife, Ellen, with whom he had two sons died in 1962. In 1965, he married Mary (Yanakopoulos) who died in 2007. He was the brother of the late Nicholas, Anthony and George Chiavelli, Rose Rift and Ann Ross. He is survived by his two sons James F. Chiavelli and his wife, Mary, of Malden, and Stephen Chiavelli and his wife, Patrice, of Wakefield; six grandchildren, James A. of Malden, Mark of Nashua, John and Stephanie of Malden and Stephen and Lindsay of Wakefield as well as five great granchildren and many loving nieces, nephews, great nieces and great nephews.
Funeral arrangements were by the Salvatore Rocco and Sons Funeral Home, Everett. Burial was in Puritan Lawn Cemetery, Peabody. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in his memory to VNA Hospice Care, 100 Sylvan Rd., Woburn, 01801.
Shirley E. (Bothroyd) Belmonte of Everett died on February 22. She was 91 years old.
The beloved wife of the late Pasquale Belmonte, she was the loving mother of Hank Belmonte of Everett, James Belmonte of Winchester and the late Shirley Griffin; loving sister of Thomas Bothroyd of Everett. She is also survived by six cherished grandchildren and three cherished great grandchildren.
Sabato Ascoli of Everett died on February 22. He was 86 years old.
Born in Siano Salerno, Italy, he was the beloved husband of Maria (Perna); father of Gina Leo and her husband, Antonio, of Saugus, Rita Brandano and her husband, Richard, of Everett, Vincent of Everett and Tino and his wife, Libia, of Winthrop; brother of Emilia Lamberti of Everett and the late Vincenzo. He is also survived by five grandchildren.
Funeral arrangements were by the Salvatore Rocco & Sons Funeral Home, Everett. Entombment was at Holy Cross Mausoleum. In lieu of flowers donations in Mr. Ascoli’s memory may be made to the American Heart Assoc., 20 Speen St., Framingham, MA 01701. | 2019-04-25T05:47:16Z | http://everettindependent.com/2010/03/04/obituaries-03-03-2010/ |
NEW YORK (MarketWatch) — U.S. stock indexes dropped more than 2% Friday, ending their worst quarter since the depth of the financial crisis, with worries over Europe dominating.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell 240.60 points, or 2.2%, at 10,913.38. It gained 1.3% for the week but lost 6% for the month, its fifth monthly loss in a row.
The 12.1% quarterly loss was the worst since the March 2009 quarter. The S&P 500 Index (SPX) fell 28.98 points, or 2.5%, at 1,131.42 Friday. It was off 0.4% for the week, down 7.2% for the month and off 14.3% for the quarter — its worst quarter since December 2008.
The Nasdaq Composite Index (COMP) lost 65.36 points, or 2.6%, at 2,415.40. It fell 2.7% for the week, lost 6.4% for the month and 12.9% for the quarter.
Get a head start on what's coming up with our Week Ahead videos. Also, check out our new Trading Deck for the latest commentary and investing ideas.
Europe Week Ahead: Will the ECB cut rates?
Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN) lifted the wraps on its long-rumored tablet called the Kindle Fire — surprising investors with a $199 starting price that puts the device at a 60% discount to the cheapest version of the iPad. Amazon showed off the new tablet at a packed media event to about 300 journalists in New York. "We are building premium products at nonpremium prices," Chief Executive Jeff Bezos said. Read MarketWatch coverage of Amazon's Kindle Fire.
The German parliament on Thursday voted overwhelmingly to increase the size and flexibility of the euro-zone rescue fund, providing an important victory for Chancellor Angela Merkel as she battles growing public skepticism over the country's role in bailing out its currency partners. In a closely watched vote, 523 members of the Bundestag, the lower house of parliament, voted in favor of the enhanced powers, while 85 voted against and three abstained. More crucially, Merkel's ruling center-right coalition provided 315 votes, news reports said, meaning she didn't have to rely on the backing of opposition parties to win passage of the measures. Read MarketWatch coverage of German Parliamentary vote.
Bank of America Corp. (BAC), the largest U.S. bank by assets, plans to charge customers a $5 monthly fee for making debit-card purchases starting early next year, according to an internal memo sent to bank executives. The fee will apply to customers with various checking accounts during any month they use their debit card to make a purchase. The fee will not apply to customers who do not use their debit card to make a purchase, or who only use it to make ATM transactions. Read MarketWatch coverage of Bank of America debit fee.
The stock and bond markets are behaving in a way that, with only one exception at the depths of the 2008-09 crisis, they have not since 1958 — 53 years ago: The stock market's dividend yield is now above the interest rate on the 10-year Treasury note. For example, the dividend yield on the Dow is 2.8%, and on the S&P 500 it is 2.2%. The 10-year T-note yield, in contrast, is just 2%. This might not initially strike you as that big of a deal, but it is. Read Mark Hulbert's commentary on MarketWatch.
It's not what you earn, but what you keep. That old adage is true when saving for retirement and it's equally important — if not more so — when it comes to withdrawing money from your various accounts earmarked for retirement. But the conventional wisdom and advice about the best way to take money out of those accounts just might leave you with less, not more, after-tax wealth. As a general rule, it's usually better to sell long-term investments held in taxable accounts instead of taking money from tax-deferred accounts before you have to. But this general rule could be hazardous to your after-tax income and after-tax wealth. Read Robert Powell commentary on MarketWatch.
Given the bloated supply of existing homes for sale, including a glut of foreclosure there aren't many people willing to shell out a premium price for a newly built house. Despite a likely higher price tag, a home builder will say that you're buying a better product when you buy new. For one, it's a home designed for the way Americans live today, maximizing the usability of space and offering amenities that speak to modern needs, such as big closets. Plus, new homes are built to be more energy-efficient. Read Amy Hoak's Home Economics column on MarketWatch.
Unemployment remains high and the job market is tough for many. But people still need other people to repair their cars, do their accounting, repair computers, write apps and even sell them things. And there currently are more opportunities in those occupations than others, according to online job postings. Here's are some examples of occupations with relatively good online job ad growth. Read Ruth Mantell's On The Job column, on MarketWatch.
Europe is bust. Buy Europe! That, at least, is the call from the smartest investor I know — Crispin Odey, a hedge-fund manager in London. "It may be confusing to find someone who believes that a crisis is on its way but is also happy to buy equities ahead of the crisis," he writes in his latest bulletin to investors. "My reason is that the worries have been there for so long, the causes are so obvious and the valuations are so cheap that this is a case of buying early. For me, the crisis will bring resolution and with it higher prices." Read Brett Arends's column on MarketWatch.
"The government is the problem," they say. "The government can't create jobs." Or: "The government should just get out of the way." How many times over the past three — or 30 — years have you heard conservatives (and even a few liberals) say that there's no role for government in fixing our economy? They're wrong, but this constant refrain is having an impact on our political system; it's narrowing our options as we struggle with excessive unemployment, burdensome debt and wasted lives. But the idea that the American government can do nothing right has become so pervasive that I feel compelled to point out what used to be obvious to everyone: Our democratic government — along with you, me and our ancestors — created the conditions that have allowed private citizens and companies to build a great nation. This land was made by you and me. Here are the 10 best things the government has done to improve our lives. Read Rex Nutting's commentary on MarketWatch.
The Labor Department recently released August inflation numbers, showing that consumer prices rose 0.4% on the month. That's an annualized rate of 3.8% and the ugliest pace since November 2008. But don't get mad at inflation. Get even. A savvy investor can profit from the big inflationary trends now and hopefully offset the damage caused by price increases — and then some. Here are three moves to make now to profit from inflationary pressures. Read Jeff Reeves's investment advice on MarketWatch's new Trading Deck.
Most fund investors looked at U.S. Treasury debt and state-issued debt favorably in the history-making third quarter, even as the bond market's already largely unchecked 2011 win streak gets more and more stretched, Rachel Koning Beals writes in the first in our three-part special report on third-quarter mutual fund and ETF performance. Look this weekend for reports on international and U.S. stock funds. See the special report, along with a recap of previous quarters' reports, here.
Also on MarketWatch today, Kim Hjelmgaard offers an inside look at the cloistered world of the international diamond business and explains how the pricing of polished diamonds is a contested practice going through industry reexamination.
It's been a history-making third quarter in financial markets, featuring events that renewed investor demand for the relative security of bond funds. The Fed dusted off a program to manipulate the yield curve that the U.S. central bank had last used some 50 years ago. And, the U.S.'s sterling credit rating got an unprecedented downgrade. These were two moves that in theory should have had a noticeable impact on the government-debt yield curve — but in reality caused barely a ripple.
Read more: U.S. government bond funds leap in third quarter.
Diamonds, coveted by millions of people around the world, undertake a convoluted journey from the earth's interior to a prized consumer object capable of holding deep emotional meaning.
Read more diamond prices latest frontier in industry battle.
The wheels of government grind slowly, Lew Sichelman writes, but those who refinance their FHA-insured loans could, someday, be in for a big payday.
Read more: Awaiting FHA changes on refinancing.
If you called off your summer European trip this year because airfares skyrocketed and the euro/dollar exchange rate meant that meals had to be kept to a minimum, you might want to start packing now.
Read more: Currency rates, season make Europe a deal.
Personal income declines in August for the first time since October 2009, easing 0.1%, as consumer spending moderates from a strong pace in July. The savings rate hits its lowest level since November 2009.
Read more: Incomes fall for first time in almost two years.
After tumbling in August, a gauge of consumer sentiment rises in September, while remaining at relatively low levels, according to data from Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan.
Read more: Consumer sentiment rises in September.
HSBC's survey of Chinese purchasing managers for September comes in flat with its reading for August, indicating conditions remain marginally in contraction.
Read more: China PMI points to flat September activity.
Regulators missed a chance to further strengthen the quality of the capital base of big banks by not waiting until the institutions were in a position to meet private Federal Reserve guidance for paying back taxpayer-infusions, a watchdog reports.
Read more: U.S. missed change to hike bank capital.
If you're looking for a safer place to park your money these days, gold and silver bullion coins may be it, but don't expect to make a quick buck.
Believe it or not, the stock and bond markets are behaving in a way that, with only one exception at the depths of the 2008-2009 credit crisis, they have not since 1958 — 53 years ago: The stock market's dividend yield is now above the interest rate on the 10-year Treasury note, writes Mark Hulbert.
Read more: Market's dividend yield higher than 10-year Treasury note's.
Treb Heining started small as a balloon vendor at Disneyland. Now, he's transformed the whole industry, Al Lewis reports.
Read more: The king of balloons isn't just a blowhard.
The problem in the economy isn't spending, it's incomes, writes Rex Nutting.
Read more: Dipping into savings isn't a long-term growth plan.
The S&P may not technically be in bear-market territory yet, but many market sectors are. And huge swaths of overseas markets are deep in a real bear market.
The former wife of the media magnate John Kluge is in bankruptcy after losing millions in a risky winery venture in Virginia.
The measure, supporting an expansion of the euro currency zone's bailout fund for heavily indebted countries, passed following a bruising debate in Parliament.
Shares dipped following disappointing data on American spending and incomes and European inflation.
Full Tilt Poker has agreed to be bought by Groupe Bernard Tapie, which will repay customers who have not been able to withdraw their gambling money.
The Securities and Exchange Commission report said the companies repeatedly failed to follow their own procedures, but it did not identify the companies by name.
Will Obama's foreign policy wins cancel out economy losses?
Huckabee mulling another White House run?
Discover unique second homes, fine properties, vacation estates and luxury rentals in top locations like the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Europe, California, Florida, and more. Chat with real estate experts, join webinars and get information on global properties you might not find anywhere else.
Sign up now for your chance to win a free iPad 2 when you visit five or more booths on October 18th-19th.
Real Disposable personal income decreased .03%. Financial and Forex Info News | ESA - Personal Income and Outlays Stats.
Personal income in August 2011 fell 0.1 percent. Nominal personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased 0.2 percent and real PCE was unchanged. Nominal disposable personal income (DPI) was also unchanged and real DPI decreased 0.3 percent. The personal saving rate as a percentage of DPI was 4.5 percent in August.
Labels: Financial and Forex Info News | ESA - Personal Income and Outlays Stats.
Stocks & Markets in the News: Futures Lower based on fears of a global slowdown.
30 September 2011. There have been many rogue traders in the course of financial history. Bernard "Bernie" Madoff operated the world's largest Ponzi scheme and was sentenced to 150 years behind bars in June 2009. One would imagine that a recent precedent in Madoff would deter financial fraudsters from striking again, at least for a while. Apparently not. Click here to continue reading.
he gigantic $2.3 billion losses that Union Bank of Switzerland is blaming on a Ghanaian-born "rogue" trader have added power to the elbows of all those who believe that "casino" banking ought to be completely separated from "utility" banking and should never be underwritten by the taxpayer.
UBS, whose City of London acquisitions have included the merchant bank SG Warburg and broker dealers Phillips & Drew, has yet to provide a credible excuse of what went wrong, though 31-year-old trader Kweku Adoboli has been charged with "dishonestly abusing" his position as a senior trader in the bank's global synthetic equities division, with the intention of "making a gain for [himself], causing losses to UBS or to expose UBS to risk of loss." The Nottingham University-educated trader also stands accused of falsifying exchange-trade fund transactions dating back to 2008.
There have been reams of speculation about how the Swiss bank and/or Adoboli incurred these massive losses. There has also been some discussion as to whether the bank's German-born chief executive Oswald Gruebel will be able to survive, and whether the bank will now be forced to pull out of investment banking altogether (this was, after all, the area in which the bank lost an astonishing 50bn during the subprime crisis).Click here to continue reading.
Civilians flee Sirte battle, fighting hampers aid - U.N. | 2019-04-20T22:39:13Z | https://www.fgcbolsa-fgcfinancialmarkets.info/2011/09/ |
If you didn’t catch it at AWFS last summer, Benz Inc., (benztooling.com) introduced a couple of adjustable angle head systems at the show. The Flex 5 and Flex 5 Plus were previously available only in Europe, and are now being sold in North America. What makes them unique is their ability to change output angles in seconds, using the movement of the C axis. An onboard braking system locks the output angle in the desired position and, once locked, the C axis can be used to rotate the aggregate head within the horizontal plane. These are heavy-duty, automatic, adjustable angle heads with oil bath lubrication.
With a maximum input speed of 15,000 rpm and a 1 to 1 gear ratio, both heads are ideally suited for sawing, drilling and routing. They provide a sawing swivel range from 0 to 90 degrees and a routing swivel range from 0 to 100 degrees. These heads cannot be retrofitted, so woodshops interested in outfitting a CNC router with either one should contact an OEM machine builder to ask for additional details and pricing.
GDP/GUHDO (guhdo.com) has introduced a new generation industrial diamond (PCD) router bit. The two-flute opposite shear design on a solid carbide tool body runs quiet and it also provides an excellent finish (top and bottom) on double sided panels, according to the company. Suitable for nesting operations and feed speeds in the range of 500 ipm, the solid tip design ensures a consistently smooth edge. The company says that ordering this tool on an HSK heat shrink tool holder can increase its life by up to 30 percent. Sizes are available from 8mm to 1/2″.
The company has also introduced a cost-effective solution for prototypes and small runs – it’s a new corrugated head adapter for CNC (called the Series 4524) that comes in 40, 60 and 80mm widths and is supplied on an HSK-F63 heat shrink tool holder for use with 5/16″ corrugated knives. The carrier body is steel because the corrugations machined into an aluminum head would eventually wear out, and knives could become dislodged.
Amana Tool’s new spoilboard surfacing insert CNC router bits.
Amana Tool (amanatool.com) has introduced a couple of new affordable, high performance, heavy-duty spoilboard inserts. They are the 3-11/32” diameter RC-2259 and the 2” diameter RC-2255, which can also be used to chamfer edges and surface timber slabs. The 2259 has four-sided solid carbide insert knives (rotatable), and it can plunge to 1/4” and then start resurfacing. It is also capable of removing very thin layers of material (less than 0.001” per pass).
Amana also introduced the 46167 CNC solid carbide Spektra compression spiral bit recently, which has a nanocomposite coating (nACo, a micro-thin ceramic that prevents high heat and oxidation). It comes with a 3/8” diameter cutter that’s 7/8” long, on a 3/8” shank, and it is designed for a significantly longer lifetime in abrasive material such as MDF and laminate. Built for CNC applications that require high feed rates and a clean finish, it is particularly well-suited to handle double-sided melamine.
Freud (freudtools.com) has introduced a new series of CNC router bits that are optimized for smaller CNC machines. The only manufacturer that produces its own carbide, Freud specifically designed these new bits with unique cutting geometries and its Perma-Shield non-stick coating. They’re ideal for creating detailed inlays, decorative projects, or sign making in hardwoods, softwoods, aluminum and plastics.
And CMT Orange Tools (cmtutensili.com) has introduced a device that throws dust up from a CNC cutter into an extractor hose. Known as a KDE, it can be easily installed and removed as a clamping nut. The health and safety benefits are obvious, and it also improves tool performance and cut quality by removing excess waste that the tool doesn’t have to re-cut numerous times. It is recommended for nesting and routing operations, and simply replaces the standard clamping nut. It works on many standard collet chucks and router bits and is available for some specialty collets. A thick ceramic coat gives KDE an anti-corrosion, anti-friction and ant-static surface. The tool body is a light alloy, and the device delivers good results even at low revolutions: it works from 6,000 to 20,000 rpm in chipboard, coated chipboard, MDF, solid surfaces, OSB and HPL.
The Swedish company ETP Transmission AB (etp.se) has been in business for more than 35 years and has recently introduced the G2 Combo 16/30 HSK 63F. The G2 lets a woodshop enjoy all the benefits of using a hydraulic chuck for router bits and a hydraulic arbor for profile tools, at the same time. One can also use reduction sleeves in the 16mm chuck, and run several smaller, frequently used shaft sizes.
Precision Drive Systems (spindlerepair.com) supplies and repairs spindle motors nationwide from its headquarters in North Carolina. Now the company has a new West Coast location in Arlington, Wash., and it has also added an online store. By the way, PDS has also begun offering repairs on an extensive range of main and scoring saw arbors.
The Benz Flex 5 Plus adjustable angle head.
Last fall, the German manufacturer Leuco (leuco.com) announced that it had been awarded a European patent for its Airstream system. Tools equipped with this new technology have a characteristic bore in the body that is patented by both Leuco and Holz-Her (they are exclusively available for Holz-Her machines). Jointing and edge trimming cutters that have Airstream produce less noise. With standard tools, a high-pressure area is created on the face. This in turn creates a low-pressure area behind the cutting edge. Both air pressure areas try to level out, and the resulting pressure fluctuations create noise. With the new tools, an intelligent bore at a precisely defined place on the body prevents the creation of air pressure areas. Plus, improved chip direction prevents double hogging of the chips, which means longer tool edge lives.
Getting an accurate measurement of router bits with three cutting edges is difficult to do with standard calipers. The new 3-point digital calipers from Rangate (rangate.com) allows CNC operators to get the precise dimensions of any Z=3 bit within moments, once properly calibrated.
Vexor (vexorcwt.com) has a relatively new line of tooling for both shapers and CNC. Called the Multi-Pro series, the tools are designed with maximum flexibility in mind, and for use on a variety of machines. What’s unusual is that the shaper inserts and backers are interchangeable within several of the company’s tooling lines, such as Micro-Pro, Mikron Pro and Multi-Pro-CNC router bits. The insert tool is available in a variety of widths (35mm, 40mm, 50mm and 60mm), and in right- and left-hand rotations. It is also available with 3/4”, and 1” diameter shanks. While you’re on the site, have a look at the Multi-Panel-CNC tool.
For woodshops that make ad specialty items and gifts, ShopBot (shopbottools.com) is showcasing its Handibot portable CNC tool as the new way to make pens in volume. The company says that turners can automate many aspects of traditional pen-turning to intricately carve any shape, pattern or detail with repeatability for production runs. Turning pens on a ShopBot also allows creative expression in terms of shape, graphics, labeling and customization. The tool can be operated from virtually any device, including a smart phone.
Freeborn Tool Co. (freeborntool.com) was one of the first cutter manufacturers to offer both carbide and alloy tipping to its cutters. The company uses 5-axis machining and CNC milling to build tools, and state-of-the-art Walter grinders on all profiles to ensure exact repeatability cutter after cutter.
Charles G.G. Schmidt & Co. (cggschmidt.com) has been helping woodshops mill material for more than 90 years, and the company has recently added an online store to its website. C.R. Onsrud (cronsrud.com) also has an online store for CNC tooling where you will find everything from cutters to collets and chuck nuts.
Techniks USA (techniksusa.com) supplies a huge catalog of aggregate heads, retention knobs, setup equipment and accessories for CNC router, and a wide catalog of cutters and tooling. H3D Tool Corp (h3dtool.com) is a single source supplier for diamond, carbide and insert tooling, including custom tools. And for small shops, Eagle America (eagleamerica.com) has created two sets of its most popular CNC router bits, one with 1/4” shanks (model 106-1010) and the other with 1/2” (model 106-1015).
Bosch (boschtools.com) lists 18 CNC bits on its website, including down spiral, up spiral and compression bits. ComSurge (comsurge.com) carries a wide selection of industrial quality router bits and also builds custom tooling. And Riverside Tool (riversidetool.com) notes that its polycrystalline diamond “performs exceptionally well in CNC woodworking machines.” The company also says that its tooling with the micron sized manufactured diamonds (called PCD) wear evenly, and their edges lasts many times longer than carbide.
Woodline USA (woodline.com) offers a number of CNC starter kits and general-purpose router bit sets at affordable prices. And for woodshops looking to expand their capabilities, Nap Gladu publishes a very large and downloadable catalog for cabinet shops at napgladu.com.
For more about CNC tooling manufacturers and suppliers, visit our online resource guide at resourceguide.woodshopnews.com. | 2019-04-24T12:21:35Z | https://www.woodshopnews.com/tools-machines/tooling-around |
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Counter Chair Step Stool Super Clean Vintage Kitchen Step Stool Chair Steps Costco Black Retro Counter . . | 2019-04-21T02:34:45Z | http://www.otentikworld.com/retro-counter-chair-step-stool/home-design.html |
The holy month of Ramadan is an auspicious month for the Muslims. It’s a time for self-reflection as the Muslim community around the world participate in a month of fasting before ushering the festive Hari Raya Aidilfitri.
In Malaysia, the concept of breaking your fast after dawn is done in a slightly more celebratory manner. Malaysians will meet and feast together at night with scrumptious spreads of various cuisines and local delights. As such, many hotels grab the opportunity to feed the masses by preparing a Ramadan buffet with endless choices of food for patrons to sample.
For the entire month of Ramadan, Gobo Chit Chat at Traders Hotel KL will be hosting their ‘Citarasa Santapan’ buffet dinner for all. Featuring a selection of local and international delicacies, the buffet spread is everyone’s dream dining table as they can sample a variety of dishes from different parts of the world. With a special focus on Malay cuisine, the hotel also prepares dishes that you’ve probably eaten only in your childhood cooked by your grandmother, like Lemang Pulut Hitam, Kerabu Kaki Ayam, Sengkuang Calit, and many more.
Besides that, they also have Roti Canai and Murtabak station where the items are freshly made by trained chefs. Apart from that, the current rave in Malaysia, Bamboo Briyani, will also be served to guests where the rice is stuffed in bamboo and is then slowly cooked to obtain the beautiful smell of basmati rice and spices. Not forgetting the dessert lovers, the buffet here also offers free flow New Zealand Natural ice cream in 12 flavours, as well as the popular Pengat Durian.
Address: Traders Hotel, 50088 Kuala Lumpur.
Offer: For every group of six, one dines for free.
Reservation: Call +603-23329888 or contact their Facebook page.
Entitled ‘Menikmati Aneka Judah di Saujana’, the breaking of fast buffet at Saujana Hotel KL offers a blend of traditional local delicacies, as well as Western and Japanese eats. If you’re a fan of local classics, then look out for Rusa Berempah (whole roasted deer with spices), Sup Gear Box (beef bone broth), Whole Roasted Lamb Percik (roasted lamb basted with spicy coconut milk gravy) and Itik Kukus Rendang Cili Padi (chili braised duck stew).
The main highlight at this buffet spread is, of course, their Japanese dishes as guests can indulge on the finest quality of sashimi and sushi, as well as a lovely array of fresh seafood which includes oysters, crabs and prawns.
Address: Jalan Lapangan Terbang Subang, Saujana, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor.
Price: RM175 nett Adult, RM87.50 Child (6-12 years), and child below 6 years old eat for free.
This Ramadan, head over to The Cobalt Room at The Ritz-Carlton KL and be ready to sample dishes that represent 13 states in Malaysia, as well as certain Middle Eastern specialities. Prepared by Executive Chef Zaffar and his team, the buffet features signature dishes from each state such as Asam Pedas Ikan Tenggiri from Melaka, Ikan Patin Masak Tempoyak from Pahang, Laksa from Kedah, Nasi Kerabu from Terengganu and many more.
As for the dessert corner, Kek Lapis Sarawak, Talam Pandan Sabah, and Cik Mek Moleh from Kelantan can be tasted by customers. All in all, the Ramadan buffet here is truly a Malaysian feast!
People say quality is more important than quantity. We say you can have the both of it at Hotel Istana’s Ramadan buffet. Showcasing over 100 authentic local dishes from different parts of Malaysia, the food here will undoubtedly remind you of Malaysian flavours. To start, diners can indulge in a tasty variety of Kerabu, such as Kerabu Isi Ketam, Keraabu Betik, Kerabu Udang, just to name a few. But, if you fancy something more substantial, then opt for the hotel’s signature dishes like Local Style Smoked Catfish in Spicy Coconut Gravy, Butter Prawns, Braised Fish Head with Tomato, Indian Lamb Bandai Korma, and more.
The Durian Delight section is definitely one of the main highlights in the hotel as an array of sweet treats made from durian is served. Desserts like Glutinous Rice with Serawa Durian, Dodol Durian, Durian Strudel, and Cendol Durian are displayed. But if you’re looking for a healthier option, seasonal local fruits can also be found at the buffet counter.
Reservation: Call +603- 21419988 or visit their website here.
In collaboration with Sireh Pinang Art Colony, JP Teres at the Grand Hyatt KL will be organising a buffet dinner for the entire month of Ramadan entitled ‘Bazaar Kesenian’ where guests will get to enjoy authentic Malaysian favourites as well as witness a collection of historic local visual arts curated by local Artist, Raja Mohamed Nizam. If you like any of the collection, you can opt to purchase it at the hotel itself.
In terms of the food, the resident chefs demonstrate their expertise by lining up dishes that have a variety of colours, textures, and flavours, which includes Roast Whole Lamb Percik-style with Briyani Rice, Nasi Kandar, Otak-Otak Daun Kelapa, Chicken Shawarma, plus a grand selection of delectable desserts.
The talented chefs at Nook are all set to whip up a scrumptious range of traditional feast this Ramadan. Serving up a compelling assortment of fine local and international cuisine, Nook’s top-class buffet brims with irresistible options, from Braised Beef Shin Rendang to Wok-fried Teriyaki Chicken and more. With over 150 dishes rotating throughout the holy month, including delicious sweet treats, Nook’s Ramadan buffet is seen as a must-go culinary hotspot at least once during the fasting month.
Address: No, 5, Jalan Stesen Sentral 5, Kuala Lumpur Sentral, 50470 Kuala Lumpur.
Reservation: Call +603-27231188 or visit their website.
Sheraton Imperial KL will be serving an extravagant buffet spread that provides patrons a home-made authentic ‘Resipe Masakan Ibu’ experience. Guests will be spoilt for choices at their 100 meter long buffet line with over 300 mouth-watering specialties, ranging from traditional Malay cuisine to other local favourites and international delights.
Apart from sampling delicious dishes, do watch out for live cooking station using the freshest ingredients, or try your hand at constructing your own ais kacang masterpiece.
Showcasing more than 100 local dishes and flavours, One World Hotel’s award-winning coffee house, Cinnamon has a grand feast prepared, ranging from appetisers to desserts and everything in between. Notable dishes include the Kambing Opor Daun Selum, Ikan Kari Asam Pedas, Daging Masak Tiga Rasa, and other mouthwatering local classics.
They say you’ll always have space for desserts, and at One World Hotel, the dessert line encompasses crowd favourites like Jagung Susu Dalam Cawan, Mandarin Orange Crème Caramel, Bubur Cha Cha, and more.
Address: First Avenue, Bandar Utama City Centre, 47800, Selangor.
At Le Meridien Kuala Lumpur’s Ramadan buffet dinner, we advise patrons to start at the Malay Kerabu station, which features tantalising appertisers such as Kerabu, Daging Bakar, Acar and a variety of Ulam, before moving to other mouthwatering main courses and sweet desserts. The best part of the buffet here is that they keep the health conscious guests in mind as well by serving Kerabu Ikan Bakar with Belimbing Buluh and Sambal Cili Kering Berulam Peria, as they are good for the kidneys and detoxifies the body.
Also, the roasted lamb on the buffet line is marinated for 10 hours before roasting for another two hours and steam baked for 30 minutes, ensuring the meat is tender, moist and juicy.
Address: Jalan Stesen Sentral 2, Kuala Lumpur Sentral, 50470 Kuala Lumpur.
Duration: 27th May – 24th June 2017.
Apart from showcasing traditional dishes from 14 states in Malaysia, the chefs at The Westin KL will also be serving modern international dishes and top-notch live cooking station this Ramadan. It’s the right place for Muslims to break their fast as a lavish spread of inviting appertisers, delightful mains and delectable desserts with more than 50 appealing dishes will be laid out on the buffet aisle. Besides the food, the ambiance at The Living Room is also inviting, which makes it a perfect place to catch-up with your family and friends over a scrumptious feast.
Address: 199, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur.
Reservation: Call +603-27318338 or visit their website for more information.
Berjaya Times Square Hotel is offering the experience of a full Ramadan Bazaar sans the smoky air and crowded lanes. For their 2017 Ramadan buffet, BTS is going for a bazaar-themed feast featuring over 200 authentic local dishes. The experience is complimented with live music and plenty of live cooking stations whipping up fresh dishes, just like an actual Ramadan Bazaar. They have everything from grill stations selling otak-otak and satay to a pasta station, local style noodle dishes, Malay classics like masak merah and masak lemak as well as a wide selection of traditional desserts from kuih lapis to ketayap.
Reservation: Call +603-21178000 or visit their website for more information. | 2019-04-26T04:41:06Z | http://www.eatdrink.my/kl/2017/05/25/ramadan-buffets-to-check-out-this-season-in-kl-and-selangor/ |
I’m excited to continue our Warrior Women Wednesday series here today and introduce you to my friend and colleague, Megan Roosevelt! Megan is a gem to the dietetic profession but most importantly, the #ttcfamily!
She’s got an arsenal of YouTube videos that I’ll link to below and highly encourage you to check out. Megan has been so kind to share her experience with holistic fertility treatments and I’m honored to introduce you to her below.
Please join me in welcoming Warrior Women Megan Roosevelt to the community today!
My name is Megan Roosevelt, I’m a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, host, producer, author, and founder of Healthy Grocery Girl. Healthy Grocery Girl is a Food, Family & Wellness website and YouTube channel and we are also very active on Instagram.
It took my husband and I 2 years TTC before we become pregnant. We are thrilled to be pregnant with a sweet baby girl arriving this spring 2018.
Before jumping into Megan’s story, I want to take a minute and introduce you to her amazing YouTube series below all about their journey to baby.
What inspired you to seek holistic help from a naturopath?
Being in the health industry and having a natural perspective I’ve always appreciated naturopaths. I am not against traditional medicine or medication at all, but I do believe that if there is a natural approach to health and healing and there is time to approach that route, then it’s wise to try!
I was inspired to meet with a naturopath for my thyroid condition after my initial endocrinologist appointment left me feeling frustrated and confused. Her approach to helping me was to give me a list of tests and options that she routinely gives every single person that walks into her office. When I asked her if there was anything I could do or not do related to food to help my thyroid she looked at me with confusion and basically said that nutrition had nothing to do with thyroid health. This was a big red flag for me being a Registered Dietitian. After that initial appointment I spent hours online, I went to the library and checked out over 15 books on autoimmune diseases and thyroid conditions and decided it was my job to become an expert with my condition. I moved forward with the tests the endocrinologist ordered to truly get a diagnosis on my thyroid, but already scheduled an appointment with a naturopath for my treatment plan. My research paid off because even when meeting with the naturopath I had questions and suggestions I wanted to run by her that made me feel empowered and that I was equally apart of the team to improve my health. Infertility can leave you feeling hopeless and that you have no control with what your body is doing. Doing research and taking steps to be educated about your fertility and any specific condition you may have is one way to “take back the power” and relieve some of that frustration when your body is just not working the right.
What advice would you give to someone who has no diagnosis but is looking for answers? Should they consult with a naturopath too?
You never know what may flip the switch to help you get pregnant. I appreciate that naturopaths look at your health as a whole picture. They may ask questions or run tests that a fertility doctor or specialty doctor doesn’t, such as checking for heavy metal levels, food allergies or candida. I truly believe eating a gut healthy diet and taking herbs specifically for my condition helped my thyroid levels return to a normal range naturally. Why? Because for 6 months I followed this plan and we tested my thyroid levels multiple times and every time we say my levels get better and better. This is what worked for me personally, but I think it proves that there are multiple ways to help your body get to a healthy place and to not be afraid to speak up, change doctors, ask questions and continue to be patient as you allow your body to get to the point where it’s ready to be pregnant.
Besides nutrition, are there other areas of your life you looked at?
First, removing stressful work projects from my plate. My husband and I run our own business, which we love, but like any business owner, it comes with a good amount of stress. I started to say no to work that required my time and energy but produced very little positive return whether that be monetary, business growth or work enjoyment. I started focusing only on projects that truly helped our business grow and that I enjoyed. This helped me work smarter, and I could take time off (which is hard for any entrepreneur). My husband and I would go on walks everyday after work to symbolize the end of the workday and transition to a more relaxing evening. Honestly – some nights we had to jump back on the computer and work, but most nights we tried to unplug. We even scheduled a few local getaways to take a break from it all and refresh.
Second, I started focusing on calming exercise. I have always loved running, the endorphin high and strength I feel after a good run. However, between running a business and actually running everyday I felt my body needed to slow down. Instead of running 5 days a week, I would run 2 – 3 days a week and then practice yoga on those “off” days. Yoga helps me relieve stress and anxiety as well as practice deep breathing. I am not claiming that yoga can cure infertility, but I do think it’s a wonderful practice for anyone struggling with his or her health. You can research it – there is an abundance of evidence related to yoga and health.
Last but not least, as a person of Faith I really stepped up my time with God. I started journaling my feelings, basically like a pray journal, where I would write out my frustrations and what I need help with. My relationship with God gave me strength during many days, treatments and tests when I felt incredibly tired, scared or frustrated.
I was already using natural beauty, personal care and home products before we started trying to conceive. However, I’d love to bring this topic light in case it’s helpful for someone reading this. What we put on our skin, the products we use in our home, they also can affect our health. Switching to more natural beauty, home cleaning and personal products is important as part of a well-rounded healthy lifestyle. I’ve posted multiple videos on our YouTube Channel sharing my natural beauty and makeup favorites.
Check out Megan’s videos below for more information on natural beauty care!
What emotions did you feel when you finally saw the two pink lines?
You know those commercials where a women yells… “I’m pregnant!” and starts crying tears of joy? First of all, those commercials are really hard to watch when you’re struggling with infertility. Second, that’s not real life – at least not for me. When we found out we were pregnant my initial reaction was shock. Then a few tears of total joy. Then a lot of anxiety. When you finally have something that you’ve wanted for so long, it’s normal to be feel afraid that you’re going to lose it. For many weeks I felt like I was holding my breath, figuratively. With time and lot of prayer the anxiety lessened, but it doesn’t completely go away. I am pretty sure being a parent means having a low level of anxiety because you will always be concerned about the health and wellbeing of your little one at every stage in life!
What advice do you have to someone just starting out on this journey to baby?
Motherhood begins in your heart. Even if you don’t have a baby growing in your belly yet, if you’re ready to become a mom, the love is already growing inside you. While it may seem that everyone around you is pregnant, don’t believe the lie that may pop into your head that it’s easy for everyone or that you’re alone in your struggle. Personally I know more women who struggled to get pregnant or keep their pregnancy, than those who were able to conceive easily and right away.
Find your tribe, people you can talk to honestly about your feelings because not everyone will get how truly hard it is! People may say dumb things even if they are trying to be helpful such as “just relax” or “it’ll happen, just be patient”. You know there is truth to both of these, but it doesn’t make it easier. You need people you can talk about your feelings with that will listen and that will get it.
Lastly, it’s ok if it takes a while (whether that is months or years!). I firmly believe things always happen for a reason and at the right time. It’s nearly impossible to understand that in the moment, but looking back now I am grateful for our story because it has changed my perception on motherhood. I have so much more respect for the female body, for pregnancy, birth, motherhood and the sisterhood of women who support each other during this entire journey! Women and mothers needs to support one another more and realize that there is no perfect or right way to start or raise a family. If you have total love in your heart for that baby and are doing all that you can do, that is more than enough and you are amazing.
Lastly, listen to your gut. You know your body better than anyone else. If something doesn’t feel right, speak up, get a second opinion, ask for help. FIGHT for your health, fight for that baby, fight to become the mom you know you are meant to be. You got this momma!
Thank you so much Megan for your insight, words of encouragement, and hope! Amen sister, we got this, momma’s!
Don’t forget to connect with Megan on Instagram and YouTube here! | 2019-04-21T20:39:57Z | https://shawsimpleswaps.com/bumppost/megan-roosevelt-warrior-women/ |
"I that Give ear unto the combat of Sohrab against Rostam, though it be a tale replete with tears.
It came about that on a certain day Rostam arose from his couch, and his mind was filled with forebodings. He bethought him therefore to go out to the chase. So he saddled Rakhsh and made ready his quiver with arrows. Then he turned him unto the wilds that lie near Turan, even in the direction of the city of Samengan. And when he was come nigh unto it, he started a herd of asses and made sport among them till that he was weary of the hunt. Then he caught one and slew it and roasted it for his meal, and when he had eaten it and broken the bones for the marrow, he laid himself down to slumber, and Rakhsh cropped the pasture beside him.
"How can I stand against the Turks, and how can I traverse the desert alone?"
"Surely Rakhsh cannot be hid."
And Rostam was satisfied at these words, and cast suspicion from his spirit, and entered the house of the King, and feasted with him, and beguiled the hours with wine. And the King rejoiced in his guest, and encompassed him with sweet singers and all honour. And when the night was fallen the King himself led Rostam unto a couch perfumed with musk and roses, and he bade him slumber sweetly until the morning. And he declared to him yet again that all was well for him and for his steed.
"Who art thou, and what is thy name and thy desire, and what seekest thou from me in the dark night?"
Then the Peri-faced answered him, saying, "I am Tahmineh, the daughter of the King of Samengan, of the race of the leopard and the lion, and none of the princes of this earth are worthy of my hand, neither hath any man seen me unveiled. But my heart is torn with anguish, and my spirit is tossed with desire, for I have heard of thy deeds of prowess, and how thou fearest neither Deev nor lion, neither leopard nor crocodile, and how thy hand is swift to strike, and how thou didst venture alone into Mazanderan, and how wild asses are devoured of thee, and how the earth groaneth under the tread of thy feet, and how men perish at thy blows, and how even the eagle dareth not swoop down upon her prey when she beholdeth thy sword. These things and more have they told unto me, and mine eyes have yearned to look upon thy face. And now hath God brought thee within the gates of my father, and I am come to say unto thee that I am thine if thou wilt hear me, and if thou wilt not, none other will I espouse. And consider, O Pehliva, how that love hath obscured mine understanding and withdrawn me from the bosom of discretion, yet peradventure God will grant unto me a son like to thee for strength and valour, to whom shall be given the empire of the world. And if thou wilt listen unto me, I will lead forth before thee Rakhsh thy steed, and I will place under thy feet the land of Samengan."
Now while this moon of beauty was yet speaking, Rostam regarded her. And he saw that she was fair, and that wisdom abode in her mind; and when he heard of Rakhsh, his spirit was decided within him, and he held that this adventure could not end save gloriously. So he sent a Mubid unto the King and demanded the hand of Tahmineh from her father. And the King, when he heard the news, was rejoiced, and gave his daughter unto the Pehliva, and they concluded an alliance according to custom and the rites. And all men, young and old, within the house and city of the King were glad at this alliance, and called down blessings upon Rostam.
"Cherish this jewel, and if Heaven cause thee to give birth unto a daughter, fasten it within her locks, and it will shield her from evil; but if it be granted unto thee to bring forth a son, fasten it upon his arm, that he may wear it like his father. And he shall be strong as Keriman, of stature like unto Sam the son of Neriman, and of grace of speech like unto Zal, my father."
The Peri-faced, when she had heard these words, was glad in his presence. But when the day was passed there came in unto them the King her father, and he told Rostam how that tidings of Rakhsh were come unto his ears, and how that the courser would shortly be within the gates. And Rostam, when he heard it, was filled with longing after his steed, and when he knew that he was come he hastened forth to caress him. And with his own hands he fastened the saddle, and gave thanks unto Ormuzd, who had restored his joy between his hands. Then he knew that the time to depart was come. And he opened his arms and took unto his heart Tahmineh the fair of face, and he bathed her cheek with his tears and covered her hair with kisses. Then he flung him upon Rakhsh, and the swift-footed bare him quickly from out of her sight. And Tahmineh was sorrowful exceedingly, and Rostam too was filled with thoughts as he turned him back into Zaboulistan. And he pondered this adventure in his heart, but to no man did he speak of what he had seen or done.
"Since I am taller and stouter than my peers, teach unto me my race and lineage, and what I shall say when men ask me the name of my sire. But if thou refuse an answer unto my demands, I will strike thee out from the rolls of the living."
"Hear my words, O my son, and be glad in thine heart, neither give way in thy spirit to anger. For thou art the offspring of Rostam, thou art descended from the seed of Sam and Zal, and Neriman was thy forefather. And since God made the world it hath held none like unto Rostam, thy sire."
"Cherish these gifts with gratitude, for it is thy father who hath sent them. Yet remember, O my son, that thou close thy lips concerning these things; for Turan groaneth under the hand of Afrasiyab, and he is foe unto Rostam the glorious. If, therefore, he should learn of thee, he would seek to destroy the son for hatred of the sire. Moreover, O my boy, if Rostam learned that thou wert become a mountain of valour, perchance he would demand thee at my hands, and the sorrow of thy loss would crush the heart of thy mother."
But Sohrab replied, "Nought can be hidden upon earth for aye. To all men are known the deeds of Rostam, and since my birth be thus noble, wherefore hast thou kept it dark from me so long? I will go forth with an army of brave Turks and lead them unto Iran, I will cast Kai Kawous from off his throne, I will give to Rostam the crown of the Kaianides, and together we will subdue the land of Turan, and Afrasiyab shall be slain by my hands. Then will I mount the throne in his stead. But thou shalt be called Queen of Iran. for since Rostam is my father and I am his son no other kings shall rule in this world, for to us alone behoveth it to wear the crowns of might. And I pant in longing after the battlefield, and I desire that the world should behold my prowess. But a horse is needful unto me, a steed tall and strong of power to bear me, for it beseemeth me not to go on foot before mine enemies."
"Now that I own a horse like thee, the world shall be made dark to many."
Then he made ready for war against Iran, and the nobles and warriors flocked around him. And when all was in order Sohrab came before his grandsire and craved his counsel and his aid to go forth into the land of Iran and seek out his father. And the King of Samengan, when he heard these wishes, deemed them to be just, and he opened the doors of his treasures without stint and gave unto Sohrab of his wealth, for he was filled with pleasure at this boy. And he invested Sohrab with all the honours of a King, and he bestowed on him all the marks of his good pleasure.
"Into our hands hath it been given to settle the course of the world. For it is known unto me that Sohrab is sprung from Rostam the Pehliva, but from Rostam must it be hidden who it is that goeth out against him, then peradventure he will perish by the hands of this young lion, and Iran, devoid of Rostam, will fall a prey into my hands. Then will we subdue Sohrab also, and all the world will be ours. But if it be written that Sohrab fall under the hand of Tehemten, then the grief he shall endure when he shall learn that he hath slain his son will bring him to the grave for sorrow."
So spake Afrasiyab in his guile, and when he had done unveiling his black heart he bade the warriors depart unto Samengan. And they bare with them gifts of great price to pour before the face of Sohrab. And they bare also a letter filled with soft words. And in the letter Afrasiyab lauded Sohrab for his resolve, and told him how that if Iran be subdued the world would henceforth know peace, for upon his own head would he place the crown of the Kaianides; and Turan, Iran, and Samengan should be as one land.
When Sohrab had read this letter, and saw the gifts and the aid sent out to him, he rejoiced aloud, for he deemed that now none could withstand his might. So he caused the cymbals of departure to be clashed, and the army made them ready to go forth. Then Sohrab led them into the land of Iran. And their track was marked by desolation and destruction, for they spared nothing that they passed. And they spread fire and dismay abroad, and they marched on unstayed until they came unto the White Castle, the fortress wherein Iran put its trust.
Now the guardian of the castle was named Hujir, and there lived with him Gustahem the brave, but he was grown old, and could aid no longer save with his counsels. And there abode also his daughter Gurdafrid, a warlike maid, firm in the saddle, and practised in the fight. Now when Hujir beheld from afar a dusky cloud of armed men he came forth to meet them. And Sohrab, when he saw him, drew his sword, and demanded his name, and bade him prepare to meet his end. And he taunted him with rashness that he was come forth thus unaided to stand against a lion. But Hujir answered Sohrab with taunts again, and vowed that he would sever his head from his trunk and send it for a trophy unto the Shah. Yet Sohrab only smiled when he heard these words, and he challenged Hujir to come near. And they met in combat, and wrestled sore one with another, and stalwart were their strokes and strong; but Sohrab overcame Hujir as though he were an infant, and he bound him and sent him captive unto Hooman.
"I will accept thy challenge, and a second prize will fall into my hands."
"If the daughters of Iran are like to thee, and go forth unto battle, none can stand against this land."
"Seek not to escape me, O moon of beauty, for never hath prey like unto thee fallen between my hands."
"O hero without flaw, is it well that thou shouldest seek to make me captive, and show me unto the army? For they have beheld our combat, and that I overcame thee, and surely now they will gibe when they learn that thy strength was withstood by a woman. Better would it beseem thee to hide this adventure, lest thy cheeks have cause to blush because of me. Therefore let us conclude a peace together. The castle shall be thine, and all it holds; follow after me then, and take possession of thine own."
"Thou dost wisely to make peace with me, for verily these walls could not resist my might."
And he followed after her unto the heights of the castle, and he stood with her before its gates. And Gustahem, when he saw them, opened the portal, and Gurdafrid stepped within the threshold, but when Sohrab would have followed after her she shut the door upon him. Then Sohrab saw that she had befooled him, and his fury knew no bounds. But ere he was recovered from his surprise she came out upon the battlements and scoffed at him, and counselled him to go back whence he was come; for surely, since he could not stand against a woman, he would fall an easy prey before Rostam, when the Pehliva should have learned that robbers from Turan were broken into the land. And Sohrab was made yet madder for her words, and he departed from the walls in his wrath, and rode far in his anger, and spread terror in his path. And he vowed that he would yet bring the maid into subjection.
In the meantime Gustahem the aged called before him a scribe, and bade him write unto Kai Kawous all that was come about, and how an army was come forth from Turan, at whose head rode a chief that was a child in years, a lion in strength and stature. And he told how Hujir had been bound, and how the fortress was like to fall into the hands of the enemy; for there were none to defend it save only his daughter and himself and he craved the Shah to come to their aid.
"Woe, woe is me that this moon is vanished behind the clouds!"
"Who shall stand against this Turk? For Gustahem doth liken him in power unto Rostam, and saith he resembleth the seed of Neriman."
Then the warriors cried with one accord, "Unto Rostam alone can we look in this danger!"
"When thou shalt receive this letter, stay not to speak the word that hangeth upon thy lips; and if thou bearest roses in thy hands, stop not to smell them, but haste thee to help us in our need."
"When thou hast done my behest, turn thee again unto me; neither abide within the courts of the Pehliva, nor linger by the roadside."
"I should not marvel if such an hero arose in Iran, but that a warrior of renown should come forth from amid the Turks, I cannot believe it. But thou sayest none knoweth whence cometh this knight. I have myself a son in Samengan, but he is yet an infant, and his mother writeth to me that he rejoiceth in the sports of his age, and though he be like to become a hero among men, his time is not yet come to lead forth an army. And that which thou sayest hath been done, surely it is not the work of a babe. But enter, I pray thee, into my house, and we will confer together concerning this adventure."
"Disquiet not thyself, for death will surely fall upon these men of Turan. Stay with me yet another day and rest, and water thy lips that are parched. For though this Sohrab be a hero like to Sam and Zal and Neriman, verily he shall fall by my hands."
"It behoveth me to return, O Pehliva, for I bethink me how Kai Kawous is a man hard and choleric, and the fear of Sohrab weigheth upon his heart, and his soul burneth with impatience, and he hath lost sleep, and hath hunger and thirst on this account. And he will be wroth against us if we delay yet longer to do his behest."
Then Rostam said, "Fear not, for none on earth dare be angered with me."
But he did as Geew desired, and made ready his army, and saddled Rakhsh, and set forth from Zaboulistan, and a great train followed after him.
"Who is Rostam, that he defieth my power and disregardeth my commands? If I had a sword within my grasp I would split his head like to an orange. Seize him, I command, and hang him upon the nearest gallows, and let his name be never spoken in my presence."
When he heard these words Geew trembled in his heart, but he said, "Dost thou put forth thy hand against Rostam?"
"I am a free man and no slave, and am servant alone unto God; and without Rostam Kai Kawous is as nothing. And the world is subject unto me, and Rakhsh is my throne, and my sword is my seal, and my helmet my crown. And but for me, who called forth Kai Kobad, thine eyes had never looked upon this throne. And had I desired it I could have sat upon its seat. But now am I weary of thy follies, and I will turn me away from Iran, and when this Turk shall have put you under his yoke I shall not learn thereof."
"That which thou sayest, surely it is right."
"Though Rostam be angered against the King, yet hath the land of Iran done no wrong that it should perish at his hands. Yet, if Rostam save it not, surely it will fall under this Turk."
But Rostam said, "My patience hath an end, and I fear none but God. What is this Kai Kawous that he should anger me? and what am I that I have need of him? I have not deserved the evil words that he spake unto me, but now will I think of them no longer, but cast aside all thoughts of Iran."
"O Pehliva! the land, when it shall learn of this, will deem that Rostam is fled before the face of this Turk; and when men shall believe that Tehemten is afraid, they will cease to combat, and Iran will be downtrodden at his hands. Turn thee not, therefore, at this hour from thy allegiance to the Shah, and tarnish not thy glory by this retreat, neither suffer that the downfall of Iran rest upon thy head. Put from thee, therefore, the words that Kai Kawous spake in his empty anger, and lead us forth to battle against this Turk. For it must not be spoken that Rostam feared to fight a beardless boy."
"Fear hath never been known of me, neither hath Rostam shunned the din of arms, and I depart not because of Sohrab, but because that scorn and insult have been my recompense."
Yet when he had pondered a while longer, he saw that he must return unto the Shah. So he did that which he knew to be right, and he rode till he came unto the gates of Kai Kawous, and he strode with a proud step into his presence.
And Kai Kawous answered and said, "O my Pehliva, may thy days be blessed unto the end!"
Then he invited him to feast with him, and they drank wine till far into the night, and held counsel together how they should act; and slaves poured rich gifts before Rostam, and the nobles rejoiced, and all was well again within the gates of the King.
Then when the sun had risen and clothed the world with love, the clarions of war were sounded throughout the city, and men made them ready to go forth in enmity before the Turks. And the legions of Persia came forth at the behest of their Shah, and their countless thousands hid the earth under their feet, and the air was darkened by their spears. And when they were come unto the plains where stood the fortress of Hujir, they set up their tents as was their manner. So the watchmen saw them from the battlements, and he set up a great cry. And Sohrab heard the cry, and questioned the man wherefore he shouted; and when he learned that the enemy were come, he rejoiced, and demanded a cup of wine, and drank to their destruction. Then he called forth Hooman and showed him the army, and bade him be of good cheer, for he said that he saw within its ranks no hero of mighty mace who could stand against himself. So he bade his warriors to a banquet of wine, and he said that they would feast until the time was come to meet their foes in battle. And they did as Sohrab said.
But ere he could speak further, Rostam had lifted up his hand and struck him, and laid him dead upon the ground.
Meanwhile Rostam returned him to the camp, and as he would have entered the lines he encountered Geew, who went around to see that all was safe. And Geew, when he saw a tall man clad in the garb of a Turk, drew his sword and held himself ready for combat. But Rostam smiled and opened his mouth, and Geew knew his voice, and came to him and questioned him what he did without in the darkness. And Rostam told him. Then he went before Kai Kawous also and related what he had seen, and how no man like unto Sohrab was yet come forth from amid the Turks. And he likened him unto Sam, the son of Neriman.
"I behold on its right hand yet another tent draped in the colours of mourning, and above it floateth a standard whereon is worked an elephant."
"Whose is the camp in which stand many warriors clad in rich armour? A flag of gold with a lion worked upon it waveth along its field."
"It belongeth unto Goodarz the brave. And those who stand about it are his sons, for eighty men of might are sprung from his loins."
Then Sohrab said, "To whom belongeth the tent draped with green tissues? Before its doors is planted the flag of Kawah. I see upon its throne a Pehliva, nobler of mien than all his fellows, whose head striketh the stars. And beside him standeth a steed tall as he, and his standard showeth a lion and a writhing dragon."
"This is some ally who is come unto Kai Kawous from far Cathay, and his name is not known unto me."
"Who dwelleth beneath the standard with the head of a wolf?"
"It is Geew, the son of Goodarz, who dwelleth within that tent, and men call him Geew the valiant."
"Whose is the seat over which are raised awnings and brocades of Roum, that glisten with gold in the sunlight?
"It is the throne of Fraburz, the son of the Shah."
"It beseemeth the son of a Shah to surround himself with such splendour."
And he pointed unto a tent with trappings of yellow that was encircled by flags of many colours. And he questioned of its owner.
"Guraz the lion-hearted is master therein."
"An thou show not unto me the tents of Rostam, I will strike thy head from off thy shoulders, and the world shall fade before thine eyes. Choose, therefore, the truth or thy life."
"Why seekest thou to know Rostam the Pehliva? Surely thou wilt know him in battle, and he shall strike thee dumb, and quell thy pride of youth. Yet I will not show him unto thee."
"The hardest tasks doth Kai Kawous ever lay upon me."
"Haste, haste, for no common combat awaiteth thee, for verily Ahriman standeth before us."
"Let us go apart from hence, and step forth from out the lines of the armies."
"O young man, the air is warm and soft, but the earth is cold. I have pity upon thee, and would not take from thee the boon of life. Yet if we combat together, surely thou wilt fall by my hands, for none have withstood my power, neither men nor Deevs nor dragons. Desist, therefore, from this enterprise, and quit the ranks of Turan, for Iran hath need of heroes like unto thee."
"O hero, I am about to put unto thee a question, and I entreat of thee that thou reply to me according to the truth. Tell unto me thy name, that my heart may rejoice in thy words, for it seemeth unto me that thou art none other than Rostam, the son of Zal, the son of Sam, the son of Neriman."
But Rostam replied, "Thou errest, I am not Rostam, neither am I sprung from the race of Neriman. Rostam is a Pehliva, but I, I am a slave, and own neither a crown nor a throne."
These words spake Rostam that Sohrab might be afraid when he beheld his prowess, and deem that yet greater might was hidden in the camp of his enemy. But Sohrab when he heard these words was sad, and his hopes that were risen so high were shattered, and the day that had looked so bright was made dark unto his eyes. Then he made him ready for the combat, and they fought until their spears were shivered and their swords hacked like unto saws. And when all their weapons were bent, they betook them unto clubs, and they waged war with these until they were broken. Then they strove until their mail was torn and their horses spent with exhaustion, and even then they could not desist, but wrestled with one another with their hands till that the sweat and blood ran down from their bodies. And they contended until their throats were parched and their bodies weary, and to neither was given the victory. Then they stayed them a while to rest, and Rostam thought within his mind how all his days he had not coped with such a hero. And it seemed to him that his contest with the White Deev had been as nought to this.
Now when they had rested a while they fell to again, and they fought with arrows, but still none could surpass the other. Then Rostam strove to hurl Sohrab from his steed, but it availed him nought, and he could shake him no more than the mountain can be moved from its seat. So they betook themselves again unto clubs, and Sohrab aimed at Rostam with might and smote him, and Rostam reeled beneath the stroke, and bit his lips in agony. Then Sohrab vaunted his advantage, and-bade Rostam go and measure him with his equals; for though his strength be great, he could not stand against a youth. So they went their ways, and Rostam fell upon the men of Turan, and spread confusion far and wide among their ranks; and Sohrab raged along the lines of Iran, and men and horses fell under his hands. And Rostam was sad in his soul, and he turned with sorrow into his camp. But when he saw the destruction Sohrab had wrought his anger was kindled, and he reproached the youth, and challenged him to come forth yet again to single combat. But because that the day was far spent they resolved to rest until the morrow.
"My mind is filled with thoughts of this aged man, mine adversary, for it would seem unto me that his stature is like unto mine, and that I behold about him the tokens that my mother recounted unto me. And my heart goeth out towards him, and I muse if it be Rostam, my father. For it behoveth me not to combat him. Wherefore, I beseech thee, tell unto me how this may be."
But Hooman answered and said, "Oft have I looked upon the face of Rostam in battle, and mine eyes have beheld his deeds of valour; but this man in no wise resembleth him, nor is his manner of wielding his club the same."
These things spake Hooman in his vileness, because that Afrasiyab had enjoined him to lead Sohrab into destruction. And Sohrab held his peace, but he was not wholly satisfied.
"Wherefore hast thou prepared thy heart for battle? Cast from thee, I beg, this mace and sword of vengeance, and let us doff our armour, and seat ourselves together in amity, and let wine soften our angry deeds. For it seemeth unto me that this conflict is impure. And if thou wilt listen to my desires, my heart shall speak to thee of love, and I will make the tears of shame spring up into thine eyes. And for this cause I ask thee yet again, tell me thy name, neither hide it any longer, for I behold that thou art of noble race. And it would seem unto me that thou art Rostam, the chosen one, the Lord of Zaboulistan, the son of Zal, the son of Sam the hero."
But Rostam answered, "O hero of tender age, we are not come forth to parley but to combat, and mine ears are sealed against thy words of lure. I am an old man, and thou art young, but we are girded for battle, and the Master of the world shall decide between us."
Then Sohrab said, "O man of many years, wherefore wilt thou not listen to the counsel of a stripling? I desired that thy soul should leave thee upon thy bed, but thou hast elected to perish in the combat. That which is ordained it must be done, therefore let us make ready for the conflict."
"O young man, thou knowest not the customs of the combat. It is written in the laws of honour that he who overthroweth a brave man for the first time should not destroy him, but preserve him for fight a second time, then only is it given unto him to kill his adversary."
"Alas, young man, thou didst fall into a snare, for this is not the custom among the brave. And now perchance thou wilt yet fall under the hands of this warrior."
"Be not grieved, for in an hour we meet again in battle, and verily he will not stand a third time against my youthful strength."
"O thou who didst flee from battle, wherefore art thou come out once more against me? But I say unto thee, this time shall thy words of guile avail thee nought."
"That which is come about, it is my fault, and henceforward will my youth be a theme of derision among the people. But I sped not forth for empty glory, but I went out to seek my father; for my mother had told me by what tokens I should know him, and I perish for longing after him. And now have my pains been fruitless, for it hath not been given unto me to look upon his face. Yet I say unto thee, if thou shouldest become a fish that swimmeth in the depths of the ocean, if thou shouldest change into a star that is concealed in the farthest heaven, my father would draw thee forth from thy hiding-place, and avenge my death upon thee when he shall learn that the earth is become my bed. For my father is Rostam the Pehliva, and it shall be told unto him how that Sohrab his son perished in the quest after his face."
"Bearest thou about thee a token of Rostam, that I may know that the words which thou speakest are true? For I am Rostam the unhappy, and may my name be struck from the lists of men!"
"If thou art indeed my father, then hast thou stained thy sword in the life-blood of thy son. And thou didst it of thine obstinacy. For I sought to turn thee unto love, and I implored of thee thy name, for I thought to behold in thee the tokens recounted of my mother. But I appealed unto thy heart in vain, and now is the time gone by for meeting. Yet open, I beseech thee, mine armour, and regard the jewel upon mine arm. For it is an onyx given unto me by my father, as a token whereby he should know me."
"It is in vain, there is no remedy. Weep not, therefore, for doubtless it was written that this should be."
"Let Tus go forth and see if this indeed be so, and if Rostam be truly fallen, let the drums call men unto battle that we may avenge him upon this Turk."
"The sword of vengeance must slumber in the scabbard. Thou art now leader of the host, return, therefore, whence thou camest, and depart across the river ere many days be fallen. As for me, I will fight no more, yet neither will I speak unto thee again, for thou didst hide from my son the tokens of his father, of thine iniquity thou didst lead him into this pit."
"The heart of Kai Kawous is flinty, and his evil nature is like to a bitter gourd that ceaseth never to bear fruit. Yet I counsel thee, go before him thyself, and see if peradventure thou soften this rock."
am old have killed my son. I that am strong have uprooted this mighty boy. I have torn the heart of my child, I have laid low the head of a Pehliva."
"My heart is sick unto death." Then he commanded that Sohrab be swathed in rich brocades of gold worthy of his body. And when they had enfolded him, and Rostam learned that the Turanians had quitted the borders, he made ready his army to return unto Zaboulistan. And the nobles marched before the bier, and their heads were covered with ashes, and their garments were torn. And the drums of the war-elephants were shattered, and the cymbals broken, and the tails of the horses were shorn to the root, and all the signs of mourning were abroad.
Now Zal, when he saw the host returning thus in sorrow, marvelled what was come about; for he beheld Rostam at their head, wherefore he knew that the wailing was not for his son. And he came before Rostam and questioned him. And Rostam led him unto the bier and showed unto him the youth that was like in feature and in might unto Sam the son of Neriman, and he told him all that was come to pass, and how this was his son, who in years was but an infant, but a hero in battle. And Rudabeh too came out to behold the child, and she joined her lamentations unto theirs. Then they built for Sohrab a tomb like to a horse's hoof, and Rostam laid him therein in a chamber of gold perfumed with ambergris. And he covered him with brocades of gold. And when it was done, the house of Rostam grew like to a grave, and its courts were filled with the voice of sorrow. And no joy would enter into the heart of Rostam, and it was long before he held high his head. | 2019-04-23T01:02:22Z | http://iartcube.com/gallery/rostam-and-sohrab-2 |
A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity to new converts. Missions often involve sending individuals and groups, called missionaries, across boundaries, most commonly geographical boundaries, for the purpose of proselytism (conversion to Christianity, or from one Christian tradition to another). This involves evangelism (preaching a set of beliefs for the purpose of conversion), and humanitarian work, especially among the poor and disadvantaged. There are a few different kinds of mission trips: short-term, long-term, relational and ones meant simply for helping people in need. Some might choose to dedicate their whole lives to missions as well. Missionaries have the authority to preach the Christian faith (and sometimes to administer sacraments), and provide humanitarian aid. Christian doctrines (such as the "Doctrine of Love" professed by many missions) permit the provision of aid without requiring religious conversion.
From Late Antiquity onward, much missionary activity was carried out by members of religious orders. Monasteries followed disciplines and supported missions, libraries, and practical research, all of which were perceived as works to reduce human misery and suffering and glorify the Christian God. For example, Nestorian communities evangelized parts of Central Asia, as well as Tibet, China, and India. Cistercians evangelized much of Northern Europe, as well as developing most of European agriculture's classic techniques. St Patrick evangelized many in Ireland. St David was active in Wales.
During the Middle Ages, Ramon Llull (c. 1232 – c. 1315) advanced the concept of preaching to Muslims and converting them to Christianity by means of non-violent argument. A vision for large-scale mission to Muslims would die with him, not to be revived until the 19th Century.
As European culture has been established in the midst of indigenous peoples, the cultural distance between Christians of differing cultures has been difficult to overcome.[ clarification needed] One early solution was the creation of segregated "praying towns" of Christian natives. This pattern of grudging acceptance of converts played out again later in Hawaii when missionaries from that same[ which?] New England culture went there. In the course of the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the Catholic missionaries learned the languages of the Amerindians and devised writing systems for them. Then they preached to indigenous people in those languages ( Quechua, Guarani, Nahuatl) instead of Spanish, to keep Indians away from "sinful" whites. An extreme case of segregation occurred in the Guarani Reductions, a theocratic semi-independent region established by the Jesuits in the region of the future Paraguay between the early 17th century and 1767.
American " Hard-shell Baptists", " Anti-Mission Baptists", or "Old School Baptists" adhering to strict Calvinism rejected all mission boards, Bible tract societies, and temperance societies as nonbiblical. The mainstream of the Baptist denomination, however, supported missionary work.
A wave of missions, starting in the early 1850s, targeted inland areas, led by Hudson Taylor (1832–1905) with his China Inland Mission (1865– ). Taylor was later supported by Henry Grattan Guinness (1835–1910) who founded (1883) Cliff College, which continues as of 2014 [update] to train and equip for local and global mission.
The missions inspired by Taylor and Guinness have collectively been called[ by whom?] " faith missions" and owe much to the ideas and example of Anthony Norris Groves (1795–1853). Taylor, a thorough-going nativist, offended the missionaries of his era by wearing Chinese clothing and speaking Chinese at home. His books, speaking, and examples led to the formation of numerous inland missions and of the Student Volunteer Movement (SVM, founded in 1886), which from 1850 to about 1950 sent nearly 10,000 missionaries to inland areas, often at great personal sacrifice. Many early SVM missionaries traveling to areas with endemic tropical diseases left with their belongings packed in a coffin, aware that 80% of them would die within two years.
In 1910, the Edinburgh Missionary Conference was presided over by active SVM and YMCA leader (and future Nobel Peace Prize recipient) John R. Mott, an American Methodist layperson, the conference reviewed the state of evangelism, Bible translation, mobilization of church support, and the training of indigenous leadership. Looking to the future, conferees worked on strategies for worldwide evangelism and cooperation. The conference not only established greater ecumenical cooperation in missions, but also essentially launched the modern ecumenical movement.
An equally important dimension of missions strategy is the indigenous method of nationals reaching their own people. In Asia this wave of missions was pioneered by men like Dr G. D. James of Singapore, Rev Theodore Williams of India and Dr David Cho of Korea. The "two thirds missions movement" as it is referred to, is today a major force in missions.
Most modern missionaries and missionary societies have repudiated cultural imperialism, and elected to focus on spreading the gospel and translating the Bible.[ citation needed] Sometimes, missionaries have been vital in preserving and documenting the culture of the peoples among whom they live.
The word "mission" was historically often applied to the building, the " mission station" in which the missionary lives or works. In some colonies, these mission stations became a focus of settlement of displaced or formerly nomadic people. Particularly in rural Australia, missions have become localities or ghettoes on the edges of towns which are home to many Indigenous Australians. The word may be seen as derogatory when used in this context.
Church planting by cross-cultural missionaries leads to the establishment of self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating communities of believers. This is the famous "three-self" formula formulated by Henry Venn of the London Church Missionary Society in the 19th century. Cross-cultural missionaries are persons who accept church-planting duties to evangelize people outside their culture, as Christ commanded in the Great Commission ( Matthew 28:18–20, Mark 16:15–18).
The objective of these missionaries is to give an understandable presentation of their beliefs with the hope that people will choose to following the teaching of Jesus Christ and live their lives as His disciples. As a matter of strategy, many evangelical Christians around the world now focus on what they call the "10/40 window", a band of countries between 10 and 40 degrees north latitude and reaching from western Africa through Asia. Christian missions strategist Luis Bush pinpointed the need for a major focus of evangelism in the " 10/40 Window", a phrase he coined in his presentation at the missionary conference Lausanne 1989 in Manila. Sometimes referred to as the "Resistant Belt", it is an area that includes 35% of the world's land mass, 90% of the world's poorest peoples and 95% of those who have yet to hear anything about Christianity.
The Europeans contact with indigenous since 1492 has killed 100 million from the imported diseases to which tribes had no immunity. Missionaries, along with other travelers, brought diseases into local populations. Smallpox, measles, even the common cold, have been blamed on their arrivals. David Igler of the University of California, Irvine, includes missionary activity as a cause of spreading germs. However, he says that commercial traders were the main agents of disease.
^ a b Walls, Andrew F. (November 2016). "Eschatology and the Western Missionary Movement". Studies in World Christianity. 22 (3): 182–200. doi: 10.3366/swc.2016.0155.
^ Igler, David (June 2004). "Diseased Goods: Global Exchanges in the Eastern Pacific Basin, 1770–1850". The American Historical Review. Chicago, Illinois: American Historical Association. 109 (3): 693–719. doi: 10.1086/530552. Retrieved 2011-11-20. | 2019-04-19T09:16:16Z | http://webot.org/info/en/?search=Christian_mission |
One of the questions asked most often in art history nowadays is whether art history has gone “global” and what does it mean to practice art history outside the Western world? Even in North America, a variety of formats and media contrast today with the linear aspirations of an art history—an entirely European project—conceived as the confirmation of the grand political narrative born out of Greece and Rome. Recent archaeological findings—and the reexamination of those already canonical—have also changed this panorama and the traditional tripartite strategy of dividing art into symbolic, figurative and abstract periods, inherited from Hegel. For example, an exhibition held at the British Museum, between February and May 2013, “Ice Age art: Arrival of the Modern Mind” questions whether abstraction was not one of the capabilities that human beings acquired with the birth of themodern mind, or, that is, the mindset for human culture—and narratives—during the Ice Age.
That being said, there’s no longer one art history but many. At the same time, though it would be still early to speak of “global art”, certain practices and strategies—particularly those born during the high era of modernism—have been adopted by the public worldwide and metamorphosed into various international movements and the art world—publications, fairs, galleries—seems to demand an uniform code of seeing, or at least, of perceiving. In the Gulf region, nevertheless, the transitions between traditional, modern and contemporary (definitions that really say everything and nothing at the same time) have been far less smoothed out, and in the era of identity politics, art still seems quite unable to freely negotiate the real and virtual extensions of identity that have come with globalization and the Internet to the most of the art history world. It is common to hear that the art movement in the Gulf began less than ten years ago with the rise of Dubai.
Yet nothing could be further from the truth: Schools of paintings—somewhat in the tradition of European modernism—consolidated in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain since the 1930s and conceptual artist Hassan Sharif has been working in his native Dubai since the 1970s. Perhaps what is meant here is that it still has not been possible for contemporary art from this region to articulate the vast transformations of the social and cultural sphere undergone since the post-colonial era that saw the independence of the Gulf states. The question here is no longer that of “Modernity,” which can be studied through the appearance of certain institutions, architectural forms and political processes. The condition of “Postmodernity”whether one subscribes to the term or not, is visible to the eye of any visitor to Doha, Dubai and Manama. What does this condition mean? Perhaps it is something to do with heterochrony – the time is out of joint!
A singular project, carried out in Doha, by the artist duo Christto Sanz and Andrew Jay Weir (born respectively in Puerto Rico and South Africa) in their exhibition “Unparalleled Objectives,” held at Katara Art Center in Doha in 2012 and curated by Mayssah Fattouh, was set out to explore these transformations while embedded in a rich set of practices articulated by contemporary art not necessarily just elsewhere, but nearly everywhere. At a time when Gulf artists are still preoccupied with notions of identity—perhaps mourning without knowing, an identity already lost—the duo’s proposal is uncanny in its appropriation of everyday life as a discursive order and not merely an optical reflection. The exhibition, conceived as photographic units of meaning, unfolds with larger ambitions such as that of video and performance. The photography isn’t built from casual or controlled accidents but rather, as staged environments.
The situational aesthetics takes form and attributions in their works, not as an extension of the materials but as a message, out of which objects are generated rather than merely presenting them. The total realities of the Gulf presented in these works, not without the strategic irony of pop art—somewhat forgotten in the pop art produced in the region with very few exceptions—reproduce accurately the state of transition towards the contemporary, embodied by the urban landscapes of the Gulf that actually is no longer temporary but rather a permanent state of transition in which the natural flow of time has become dislocated from a linear source and resembles more the state of being suspended, a time warp, a great zone for disentanglement and the continuous negotiation of identity. While a lot of the art in the region seems overly concerned with the heritage, few are capable of articulating this alongside the postmodern anxieties.
Reality and identity are performed out in the region—and this is what Sanz and Weir capture with great detail—in the manner of a simulation, somewhere between parody and political allegory, in a sequence of images that supposedly have a referent in “real life”, but the truth is that these images and constructions are only referential in relation to each other and the lived time of people seems somewhat abstracted and prey to this homogeneous time—depicted in the photographs with a cyan blue color as a background, the same color associated with cinecolor and pools—in which the absolute present swallows everything in its proximity and both the past and the future, encompassing the full range of memories, histories and expectations, appear as mere extensions of the simulation which encapsulates the order of society not as an organic whole but as a museum display: It is constructed ideologically to appear seamless and smooth-edged at the contours.
For the art historian—obsessed with materiality—every serious work ofcontemporary art must recapitulate, to some extent, an historical sequence of objects to which it belongs. Certain artistic practices are been set out to transgress this periodic narrative marked by the cultural ambitions of art history to illustrate a body politic. Can art under such circumstances contribute to the reconstruction of political space? The answer is particularly difficult in the Gulf, but one could say that articulating the contemporary anxiety over the abstractness and timelessness of experience is an intersection between politics and aesthetics, to the extent that reality is not being made into an object of study but rather being presented as a question mark. In an era of overly politicized art, whose ideological content supersedes its objective content, one cannot help but notice how Sanz and Weir draw attention towards the fabrication of politics as an autonomous space, as conceived by media in the age of globalization.
Objects are not left alone to speak but rather re-arranged into fuller orders and re-enacted in contexts of mass production that present globalization and “Modernity” not necessarily as a positive or negative force or influence—the answers to this question are both individual and epistemological only—but as a condition. This condition – they call it postmodernity, but there are many names for it—does not have to be conditioning, as much as it is a platform for staging identities and therefore, nations, on the global spectacle of images. If there were to be an art history today, it would be a history of the image and of the moving image, which is in itself, a technical impossibility, because insofar as it would be a history of perception, it would be necessarily dystopian and a-historical. In Sanz & Weir’s work the objects become objective and objectives, without following a trajectory but rather existing suspended, ripe with impossible possibilities.
Hyper-spaces are no longer science fiction. They can be seen demolishing the pedestrian scale in many of the world’s mega-cities, and deeply transforming the human eye in unexpected ways. It is only logical that these experiences had to be appropriated and intervened by contemporary art that has for long outgrown its own material limitations into concepts where the discursive precedes the visual. “Unparalleled Objectives” and subsequent works of the artist duo, such as the more recent, “The Factory of Good Intentions” (2013) seem to have been deployed not merely as reflections of the spectacular as staged in the Gulf but as a microcosmof the current global order, without forgetting that total spaces do not exist. Spaces are mnemonic illusions and all geographies remain to be conquered and shaped, by every coming generation, in order to make a world for themselves. Will the promiscuity and fleetingness of the image be enough for this? That we don’t know yet. | 2019-04-20T10:12:54Z | http://passagenlevant.blogspot.com/2013/05/suspended-objects.html |
Paying off the balance on a credit card is just about the best ‘investment’ you can ever make. Not having to pay 18% or 22% interest on a credit card is as good as earning 18% or 22%. Risk-free. Tax-free.
Where on earth can you possibly earn a guaranteed, tax-free, 18% return on your money? The stock market sometimes goes up 18% – but it sometimes goes down 18%. And whatever it does, the profits and dividends you do earn are subject to tax.
In making your decision, be sure to calculate the returns of all the investment alternatives on an aftertax basis, to reflect the quirks of the income tax laws. For a particular investment to be a better choice than simply paying down a debt, the aftertax return on the investment needs to be higher than the aftertax cost of the interest on the debt. The following two examples should help to illustrate this.
In Example A, an aftertax return of more than 18% is necessary for an investment to be more attractive than paying off the credit card, but in Example B, the aftertax return needs to exceed only 5.5% for an investment to be relatively more attractive than paying off the home mortgage. However, keep in mind that how much you will save by paying off your mortgage early is a sure thing, whereas how much you will actually earn on most investments is highly uncertain. Furthermore, paying off your mortgage before you retire should be a high priority goal.
When you are comparing the various alternatives, a very important consideration is knowing your marginal combined federal and state income tax rate. Many people don’t realize that their marginal combined income tax rate is 22% or less.
In most cases, financial advisors would suggest investing the maximum possible in an employer’s retirement savings plan (such as a 401k) and in either a regular or a Roth IRA, before making extra payments on a mortgage.
It is important that you stay informed about income tax laws regarding not only interest income investments, but also regarding other types of investments, because it is the aftertax return of an investment that is the critical consideration when comparing the returns of investment alternatives. For example, prior to the most recent changes in the capital gains tax laws, long-term capital gains had very little tax advantage over interest income; i.e., both were taxed at similar rates. As a result, investments that have potential to appreciate in price, but which pay little or no income, were relatively less attractive than they are now that income tax rates on capital gains are generally well below the tax rates on taxable interest income.
Also, give consideration to the historical returns of interest income investments versus common stocks. Historically, over periods of 20 years or longer, the annual returns on high-grade bonds have averaged considerably less than those on common stocks — from an average of almost three percentage points less to an average of more than seven percentage points less, depending upon the specific 20-year period. And on an aftertax basis, the differences were even greater for bonds with taxable interest payments.
If interest rates rise from the level at which you purchased any type of interest income investment, you will be earning a lower interest rate than what is available at that time to investors who purchase interest income investments similar to those you own. If your interest income investment is marketable (i.e., if it can be bought and sold by investors in one of the markets for interest income securities), its market value will adjust to the level needed to provide a competitive return. As a result, the price of your interest income investment will be lower than when you purchased it, so if you want to sell it before it matures, you will have to sell it at a loss.
· You purchase a bond for $10,000 (its face amount) that has a 12-year maturity and provides an interest yield of 7% ($700 annually).
· During the next two years, interest rates rise to 8% for similar types of bonds with similar time remaining before they mature (i.e., about 10 years).
The price of your bond is likely to decline to about $9,325. This is calculated by discounting at 8% both (a) the face amount of the bond, and (b) the bond interest that will be paid during the next 10 years, and then adding these two amounts together.
The longer the remaining life of a marketable interest income investment like a bond, the greater will be its downside risk when interest rates are rising. (When interest rates are declining, the opposite will be true; i.e., the greater will be the potential increase in the price of your marketable interest income investment.) To mitigate the degree of exposure to both rising interest rates and declining interest rates, it would be wise to diversify the maturities on your interest income investments.
Another reason to diversify the maturities of your interest income investments is to improve liquidity. If you have an emergency, you may need a portion of the money you are planning to place in such investments. Therefore, it generally would be wise not to have that portion invested in an interest income investment with a maturity longer than a year. Then, if you withdraw that money before the investment matures, you will be able to do so without having to take a substantial loss, if any, on the principal. Usually, the longer the period before the investment matures, the greater will be the risk of substantial loss, if money is withdrawn early from that investment.
Let’s look at an example of a system called “laddering” that can be used to diversify the maturities of interest income investments.
· You have $55,000 to invest in interest income investments.
· You want no maturity longer than five years.
· You want $5,000 to be available now and another $5,000 that you can get quickly without significant loss of principal.
· The $5,000 that you want to be available now can be invested in a money-market type of investment, so there will be no early withdrawal penalties about which to be concerned.
(c) Approximately $2,500 in each of 20 investments that mature in each of 20 consecutive quarters.
If you need to withdraw some money before an interest income investment matures, the one with the shortest maturity will usually be the most logical one to cash first. And if you don’t need to withdraw money after an interest income investment matures, you can reinvest the money for a period that will enable you to maintain your laddering schedule. This process can be repeated every time one of your interest income investments matures. As a result, you are likely to earn higher returns than you would by investing in shorter maturities, because longer maturities generally have higher interest rates than shorter maturities.
There is a wide selection of interest income investments from which to choose.
•Interest income investments offered by local banks, S&Ls, and perhaps credit unions are probably at least somewhat familiar to you. But you might also want to consider interest income investments offered by financial institutions located in other areas of the U.S., since some of them may offer higher rates than local financial institutions. You can compare interest rates on www.bankrate.com.
•Savings bonds now offer both fixed interest rates and rates that are indexed for inflation. The interest they pay is not subject to state income taxes, and federal income taxes can be deferred until the bonds are cashed. In certain cases where the interest is used to pay for higher education expenses, the interest may not be taxed at all.
•Bonds and other publicly traded interest income securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies may be attractive investments, especially for investors who want very high quality interest income securities and/or high liquidity for an investment of as little as $1,000, in some cases. Furthermore, the interest paid by these securities is not subject to state income taxes. And the rates paid by some publicly traded U.S. Government securities are indexed for inflation.
•Corporate interest income securities offer the widest range of interest rates. This is because of perceived differences in business risk among the various companies offering interest income securities. Some corporate bonds are as risky as, or riskier than, many common stocks.
•Tax-exempt interest income securities should be given consideration by investors in the highest income tax brackets. The primary attraction of such securities is the exemption from paying federal income taxes on the interest that is earned. And in North Carolina, no income tax is payable on interest on federally tax-exempt interest income securities issued by entities located within the state. However, if you may be subject to the Alternative Minimum Tax, check as to whether or not that tax is likely to apply to the specific tax-exempt interest income investments that you are considering purchasing.
•Zero-coupon bonds are offered in both the U.S. Government sector and the tax-exempt sector. Such bonds are similar to U.S. savings bonds, because they can be purchased at a fraction of their maturity value and there are no interest payments to reinvest. However, since no cash is paid until a zero-coupon bond matures, the investor will have to take money from another source to pay income taxes on the accrued interest that is earned, unless the bonds are tax exempt or they are held in a tax-deferred account, such as an IRA. Also, because a zero-coupon bond does not pay interest until maturity, its market price will decline more sharply than that of a conventional bond, when interest rates rise. This should not be a major concern, unless the bond needs to be sold before its maturity. | 2019-04-24T10:03:58Z | https://armoursanswers.com/interest-income-investments/ |
Recycle your Christmas tree, fluorescent bulbs, as well as cooking fats, oils and grease (FOG) by taking them to The Home Depot/Target parking lot at 5950 State Bridge Road in Johns Creek on Saturday, Jan. 6, 2018.
The City of Johns Creek is seeking volunteers interested in serving on three of its boards and commissions.
When temperatures drop below the freezing mark, you can take steps to protect yourself, your home and your car.
The Johns Creek Public Works Department has finished its third round of a four-year program to repave its neighborhood streets.
Johns Creek residents can get a detailed look at how their fire department operates when the Johns Creek Fire Department (JCFD) launches its next Citizens Fire Academy, Feb. 20, 2018.
A new traffic signal is now functional at the intersection of Johns Creek Parkway and Technology Circle. The traffic signal was installed to improve operations and safety at the intersection.
With the runoff election complete, Fulton County is in the process of certifying election results.
The Johns Creek City Council voted unanimously to reallocate fellow Councilmember Cori Davenport’s entire four-year city salary to the Johns Creek Public Safety Foundation, at her request.
The City of Johns Creek has approved funding for the concept/design phase for the new road in Technology Park that will run from Bell Road to Johns Creek Parkway.
Kick-off 2018 by registering for one of our Clubhouse Fitness Classes! Adding exercise to your routine provides a wide variety of health benefits, including increased energy, focus, and better overall physical health.
Registration for the Ocee Park Athletic Association spring baseball leagues is underway through Dec. 14.
The City of Johns Creek is set to host its 11th annual Founders Day Parade set for 10 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 2. The parade will feature dozens of entries and thousands of participants and spectators.
Through a partnership with the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), Construction is beginning on widening Kimball Bridge Road between State Bridge and Jones Bridge roads.
The City of Johns Creek’s third synthetic turf field opened is now ready for play.
Motorists are advised to limit the use of Barnwell Road while Fulton County continues to perform construction of the Reuse Irrigation Main Line until the end of the year.
City Council approved five sidewalk segments along Parsons Road at its Nov. 13 meeting.
Early voting for the Special Runoff Election for Johns Creek City Council Post 3 begins Monday, Nov. 27 and runs through Friday, Dec. 1. The Special Runoff Election will be held Tuesday, Dec. 5.
The City of Johns Creek is looking to capture street locations and types on local neighborhood streets – and we need your help.
Gov. Nathan Deal today announced that Alcon, a leading eye care manufacturing company and a division of Novartis, will invest $97 million in the Johns Creek community as it initiates the next phase of a multiyear project to expand production capacity for DAILIES TOTAL 1® contact lenses.
With voting complete, Fulton County is in the process of certifying election results, which is expected to be completed Monday, Nov. 13.
The City of Johns Creek has received a 2017 MarCom Award for its recap video of “The Wall That Heals” exhibition in Johns Creek.
The traditional Dreidel and 30-foot Christmas tree lightings help kick off the holiday season at Newtown Park on Thursday, Nov. 30 and will feature Santa, his reindeer, and other fun activities.
Join the City of Johns Creek on Saturday, Nov.18 in honoring our veterans and their service. The event will be held at the Veterans Memorial Walk at Newtown Park and begins at 10 a.m.
It's that time of year again, full of the Christmas spirit and good cheer! Our favorite elf from the North Pole is visiting Johns Creek a little early and invites all the good girls and boys to a special “Lunch with Santa” on Saturday, Dec. 9.
It's that time of year again, full of good cheer and celebration. Jolly Old St. Nick is visiting Johns Creek a little early and invites all the good girls and boys to a special “Breakfast with Santa” Saturday, Dec. 9.
The Johns Creek Founders Day Parade is set for Saturday, Dec. 2 and will feature some favorites with the return of the Yaarab Shriners, princesses from Olivia’s Dollhouse, and more! And, the Gwinnett Braves mascot “Chopper” will also be back to help ring in the 2017 holiday season!
B4, G52….Young adults with special needs (ages 15+) are invited to Bingo Night on Friday, Nov. 17 from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. at Park Place in Newtown Park. Attendees will enjoy an evening with their friends of bingo, pizza, drinks, prizes and more! Parents are encouraged to drop off young adults for the event.
This holiday season, bring a smile and a message of hope to a less-fortunate child’s face by donating a new toy to the City of Johns Creek’s 11th annual “Toys for Tots” campaign.
The City’s next monthly transportation update public meeting will be held on Thursday, Nov. 16 from 7-9 p.m. at Municipal Court / Police Department headquarters, 11445 Johns Creek Parkway.
Crews will begin construction this month on the installation of a half-mile long10 foot wide sidewalk including a pedestrian bridge along Brumbelow Road from Mackinac Drive to Stoney Ridge Drive.
The City of Johns Creek, Keep Johns Creek Beautiful, and Panera Bread Co. on Medlock Bridge Road are offering free shredding of sensitive documents and recycling of cooking fats, oils and grease (FOG), fluorescent bulbs and gently-used clothes and shoes on Saturday, Nov. 18.
Construction on the synthetic turf soccer field at Newtown Park has been completed.
Johns Creek residents are invited to provide input on the North Fulton Comprehensive Transportation Plan (NFCTP).
The City of Johns Creek’s first synthetic turf field opened for play on Saturday, Oct. 21. Funded by the parks bond, which was approved by voters in November 2016, the lacrosse field at Newtown Park has been converted to synthetic turf.
The City of Johns Creek will host its first international festival next spring, April 21, 2018. The festival will include food, drinks, performance art, and vendors representing cultures from around the world. This event is being presented in partnership with Leadership Johns Creek, Johns Creek Arts Center, and the Johns Creek Convention and Visitor Bureau.
On Saturday, Oct. 21, at 8:45 a.m., the City of Johns Creek will host a ribbon cutting for the new synthetic turf lacrosse field at Newtown Park.
The City of Johns Creek and Keep Johns Creek Beautiful will conduct a Household Hazardous Waste Collection Day on Saturday, Nov. 4 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. in the parking lot of Target & Home Depot, 5950 State Bridge Road, Johns Creek.
The City of Johns Creek began the process of converting the grass track field at Shakerag Park to synthetic turf. Installation is expected to take 30 days, weather permitting.
The City’s next monthly transportation update meeting will focus on TSPLOST construction projects and will be held Thursday, Oct. 19 from 7-9 p.m. at Municipal Court / Police Department headquarters, 11445 Johns Creek Parkway.
The City of Johns Creek has approved funding for engineering and concept designs related to four Transportation Special Local Option Sales Tax (TSPLOST) projects.
The Johns Creek Police Department will participate in the Drug Enforcement Agency’s National Drug Take-Back event on Saturday, Oct. 28, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Target, 5950 State Bridge Road in Johns Creek.
Mayor Mike Bodker and City Council will host their next quarterly town hall meeting on Thursday, Oct. 12, from 7-9 p.m. at Park Place at Newtown School, 3125 Old Alabama Road, Johns Creek, GA 30022.
Trick-or-treat with the Johns Creek Police Department! Wear your favorite Halloween costume to the Johns Creek Police Department’s annual "Trunk or Treat" event on Wednesday, Oct. 25, from 6-8 p.m. at the future City Hall building parking lot, 11360 Lakefield Drive, Johns Creek, GA 30097.
Bring your friends and family to enjoy art in all mediums at the annual Johns Creek Arts Festival, Oct. 21-22 on the Atlanta Athletic Club’s fields in Johns Creek.
The Johns Creek City Council unanimously approved a $54.3 million General Fund budget Monday, Sept. 25 for the fiscal year (FY) 2018, beginning Oct. 1. The adopted budget includes $43.6M in General Fund expenditures for government services and $10.7M in total for long term infrastructure maintenance accruals, replacement vehicle accruals, capital projects, and E911 services.
The Johns Creek Public Safety Foundation is expanding the City of Johns Creek’s community CPR/AED training with the purchase of 49 additional training and practice manikins.
The City of Johns Creek’s big autumn event –the Fall Family Festival with its games and activities, is set for Saturday, Oct. 28, 2017 from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Newtown Park. So, mark your calendars!
The 2017 Free Outdoor Fitness series at Newtown Park, Burkhalter Amphitheater and Autrey Mill Nature Preserve comes to a close on October 22. But don’t worry, Free Outdoor Fitness classes will return in 2018!
The Johns Creek Fire and Police departments will perform several demonstrations as part of the annual “Community Safety Day,’ on Saturday, Oct. 14 from 9 a.m. to noon at the State Bridge Corners Shopping Center (Home Depot & Target parking lots, 5950 State Bridge Road, Johns Creek).
Early voting for the Municipal General and Special Elections will be held Monday, Oct. 16 through Friday, Nov. 3, from 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m. Weekend voting will be held Saturday, Oct. 28 from 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m. and Sunday, Oct. 29 from noon to 5 p.m.
The City of Johns Creek continues to seek resident input on the City’s Comprehensive Plan. The purpose of the plan is to review and update the City’s 2008 Comprehensive Plan. The plan seeks to preserve and protect residential neighborhoods and carefully manage future development growth.
The City of Johns Creek is moving to a temporary City Hall on Monday, September 18, located at 10700 Abbotts Bridge Road, Suite 190.
The City of Johns Creek was saddened to learn that former Community Development Director, Michael “Mike” Williams passed away yesterday following a long illness.
Johns Creek City Hall, Park Place, and Municipal Court will be closed tomorrow, Monday September 11 in anticipation of the pending weather system related to Hurricane Irma. However, public safety and essential public works personnel will be on duty and remain ready to respond to emergencies and provide assistance as necessary.
The City of Johns Creek began the process of converting two fields at Newtown Park to synthetic turf on Monday, Sept. 4. The field conversion at Newtown Park includes the main soccer field and lacrosse field. Once construction begins, installation is anticipated to take up to 30 days, weather permitting.
Fulton County will soon undertake maintenance and trimming activities along the water and sanitary sewer easements in Johns Creek neighborhoods to assure access for repairs and maintenance to the county’s infrastructure.
Enter your neighborhood group, civic organization or business in the annual Johns Creek Founders Day Parade scheduled for Saturday, Dec. 2.
Looking to try something new or you just enjoy working out in a fun outdoor atmosphere, the FREE Outdoor Fitness classes are a great workout.
The City of Johns Creek will begin the process of converting two fields at Newtown Park to synthetic turf on Monday, Sept. 4.
The City of Johns Creek’s big autumn event –the Fall Family Festival with its games and activities, is set for Saturday, Oct. 28 from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. so mark your calendars!
Grab your dancing shoes and get ready to hit the dance floor! The Adaptive Needs Dance Night “Under the Stars” will be held Friday, Sept. 15, from 6:30 p.m. to 9 p.m. at the Newtown Park, Mark Burkhalter Amphitheater, 3150 Old Alabama Road, Johns Creek.
Bring your puppy pal to Pup-a-Palooza, a puppy party, on Saturday, Sept. 9 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Newtown Park, in the Mark Burkhalter Amphitheater.
Watch the food fight between Johns Creek police officers and firefighters as they square off in the annual culinary competition, “Big Green Egg Battle” on Saturday, Sept. 23 from 5-9 p.m. at the Burkhalter Amphitheater inside Newtown Park.
CANCELLED: This event has been cancelled due to weather. The community is invited to reflect upon the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks during a commemoration event held at the Burkhalter Amphitheater on Monday, Sept. 11 at 10 a.m.
The City of Johns Creek completed its latest land purchase at Quail Hollow of approximately 58 acres, which will be used as park land.
The Johns Creek Fire Department will offer child passenger safety education to parents and caregivers on Saturday, Aug. 26, from 11 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. at Fire Station 61 (10265 Medlock Bridge Parkway).
The City’s next monthly public transportation update meeting will discuss TSPLOST construction projects and will be held Thursday, Aug. 17 from 7-9 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road).
On Aug. 12, "Moana" (PG), will grace the screen at Newtown Park. “Moana” is a sweeping, CG-animated feature film about an adventurous teenager who is inspired to leave the safety and security of her island on a daring journey to save her people.
Pet-related vendors are invited to participate in Pup-A-Palooza 2017! This a great opportunity to establish brand awareness and loyalty, and build new relationships with prospective customers while maintaining existing ones. From Veterinary services to designer dog duds, this is the event for you.
The Recreation and Parks Division and our partner Michael Stinson,CPT invite members of the community (18 years and older) with special needs to Bocce Ball Tuesday!
The City of Johns Creek is excited to welcome the Johns Creek Symphony Orchestra on August 26, to the Mark Burkhalter Amphitheater at Newtown Park!
These are the long hot days of Summer but cooler weather is on the horizon! Enjoy what is left of Summer by signing up for one of our Clubhouse Fitness Classes! Adding exercise to your routine provides a wide variety of health benefits, including increased energy, focus, and better overall physical health.
The City of Johns Creek will host a community meeting to seek input on the update of the North Fulton Comprehensive Transportation Plan (NFCTP) as well as the Fulton County Transit Master Plan on Thursday, Aug. 24 from 6-8 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road).
Johns Creek’s latest Florida T intersection at McGinnis Ferry Road and Sargent Road is now operational. Motorists are advised to be alert with the new traffic pattern and only turn left when in the left turn lane.
The Johns Creek City Council approved a contract to proceed with the installation of synthetic turf fields at Newtown Park and Shakerag Park. The City will utilize the services of Field Turf USA, INC to oversee the installation of two fields at Newtown Park and one at Shakerag Park.
The City of Johns Creek will hold qualifying for the upcoming Nov. 7 General Election for the City Council seats of Post 1, Post 3, Post 5 and the Mayoral seat.
The City of Johns Creek conducted its first maintenance on the grounds of the abandoned Macedonia African Methodist Church Cemetery under the new Fulton County agreement.
The City of Johns Creek is proud to host a screening of the upcoming PBS documentary series, The Vietnam War, on Friday, Aug. 18 between 8:15 p.m. and 9:45 p.m. at the Mark Burkhalter Amphitheater in Newtown Park.
Esri, the global leader in spatial analytics, presented the Johns Creek GIS department with Esri's Special Achievement in GIS (SAG) Award on July 12 at the annual Esri User Conference.
The City’s next monthly public update meeting regarding the proposed road widening projects along the McGinnis Ferry Road and Jones Bridge Road corridor will be held Thursday, July 13, from 7-9 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road).
Registration is currently underway for programs and activities at Park Place at Newtown School, Johns Creek’s active adult center.
The City of Johns Creek is seeking 15 volunteers to serve on a Recreation and Parks Advisory Committee.
The City of Johns Creek is excited to welcome Stooges Brass Band & AJ Ghent Band to the stage at Newtown Park on July 22!
The City of Johns Creek summer programming is in full swing. July offers Johns Creek residents and visitors a variety of activities including the continuation of the popular Summer Movies at Newtown Park series.
Grab your glove oil, cleats, and lucky socks! Then round up some friends or co-workers for some softball!
Fire up the architect or engineer inside your youngsters by signing them up for one of our five-day LEGO® Camps. The final Summer LEGO® Camp is set for July 24-28. Spots are still available for this session session.
The State Road and Tollway Authority awarded the City of Johns Creek a $1.5 million Georgia Transportation Infrastructure Bank (GTIB) grant, which will be used for the State Bridge Road widening project from Medlock Bridge Road across the Chattahoochee River.
The City of Johns Creek received Honorable Mention in the small city category of the U.S. Conference of Mayors 2017 City Livability Award on Saturday, June 24 in Miami.
2017 Northview High Graduates Neeraj Alavala and Keshav Pandiri are representing the state of Georgia at the National Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) National Conference in Anaheim, CA.
The Johns Creek City Council authorized the Mayor to execute a purchase and sale agreement for approximately 58 acres of land to be used as park land. The property is strategically located along the Chattahoochee River between the recently purchased Cauley Creek property and the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area.
The City of Johns Creek has approved a series of real estate agreements to set into motion an accelerated timeline for a move into a new City Hall.
Property owners in Johns Creek and across Fulton County, who saw significant valuation increases, have the ability to file an appeal regarding the recent property tax assessment of their home.
Starting the week of June 12, pickleball will be open to the public Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. at the Burkhalter Amphitheater at Newtown Park.
The City of Johns Creek has released a draft version of its Comprehensive Plan update. The purpose of the plan is to review and update the City’s 2008 Comprehensive Plan. The plan seeks to preserve residential neighborhoods and manage future development growth.
The Johns Creek City Council voted to approve conceptual designs on four of the City’s five new parks and move forward with the process of developing construction documents.
Looking for a healthy and fun activity for your child this summer? Check out the camps offered by Newtown Recreation!
Registration is currently underway for programs and activities at Park Place at Newtown School, Johns Creek’s active adult center.
The City’s next monthly public update meeting regarding the proposed road widening projects along the McGinnis Ferry Road and Jones Bridge Road corridor will be held Thursday, June 15, from 7-9 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road).
Wondering what to do about mosquitos in your yard?
The City of Johns Creek is excited to welcome artist Shawn Mullins to the stage at Newtown Park on June 23! Shawn is an Atlanta native, singer-songwriter who specializes in folk rock, instrumental rock, adult alternative, and Americana music.
Have a fun and healthy summer by signing up for one of our Clubhouse Fitness Classes!
Fire up the architect or engineer inside your youngsters by signing them up for one of our five-day LEGO® Camps. This year, there are three camp sessions: June 12 – 16; July 17-21; and July 24-28. Spots are still available for June 12 Camp session.
Do you love to swim? Come be a part of the award winning and record breaking, Johns Creek Aquatic Team (JCAT).
It might be hard to think about it now, but fall will be here before we know it and with it comes fall sports! Registration for the Ocee Park Athletic Association Fall Baseball leagues has begun and runs through July 28.
Start a new tradition complete with a picnic, music, and fireworks at the City of Johns Creek’s new Independence Day Celebration at Newtown Park on Saturday, July 1.
The City of Johns Creek summer programming is in full swing. June offers Johns Creek residents and visitors a variety of activities including the start of the popular Summer Movies at Newtown Park series.
Fulton County is conducting early voting for the 6th Congressional District Special Runoff Election from May 30 through June 16.
Provide your input on future transportation and building development during a Comprehensive Plan workshop on Thursday, June 1, from 7-9 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road).
Residents along Taylor Road are invited to a public meeting to discuss street lighting options along Taylor Road (from Jones Bridge Road to the entrance of Chattahoochee High School and Taylor Road Middle School) and to discuss traffic concerns with City staff on Wednesday, May 24 from 7-8:30 p.m. p.m. in the Chattahoochee High School auditorium, 5230 Taylor Road, Johns Creek, GA 30022.
The City of Johns Creek, Keep Johns Creek Beautiful, and Panera Bread Co. on Medlock Bridge Road are offering free shredding of sensitive documents and recycling of cooking fats, oils and grease (FOG), fluorescent bulbs and gently-used clothes and shoes on Saturday, May 13.
Taylor Road Middle School is partnering with local City of Johns Creek organizations to pilot a Walk to School event on May 10. Walking to school is healthy for our bodies and our environment. It is also a great way to start your morning and get to know your neighbors.
This spring, the Johns Creek Public Work Department has launched its third year of repaving the city’s neighborhood streets.
Learn about residential building safety from City of Johns Creek staff during a National Building Safety Month event on Saturday, May 6, from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. at Home Depot (5950 State Bridge Road) in Johns Creek.
Spring is upon us and it’s a great time to try something new at Park Place at Newtown School. Registration for May and June activities and programs at the active adult center is currently underway.
Summer is here! Warm weather, sunshine, visits to the park, swimming pools, and other types of summer fun! Have a fun and healthy summer start by signing up for one of our Clubhouse Fitness Classes! Adding exercise to your routine provides a wide variety of health benefits, including increased energy, focus, and better overall physical health.
Free Outdoor Fitness at Newtown Park Amphitheater and Autrey Mill Nature Preserve. Looking to try something new or you just enjoy working out in a fun outdoor atmosphere, the Outdoor Fitness classes are a great workout. Certified instructors teach these popular classes and all fitness levels are welcome.
Fire up the architect or engineer inside your youngsters by giving them tens of thousands of LEGOs during the five-day LEGO Camps. This year, there are three camps, the first running from June 12 – 16, July 17-21, and July 24-28.
The Johns Creek Farmers Market is back by popular demand running May through August.
Johns Creek is ready to rock this summer! Help us kick-off the Johns Creek Summer Concert Series with Gump Fiction on Friday, May 12.
ALOHA! Local Families (Johns Creek and neighbors) who have a family member with a disability or special need are invited to help us kick off the summer season! Joins us for the Johns Creek Summer Kick Off Picnic on Saturday, May 6 at Newtown Park, Park Place Event Lawn.
Fulton County Superior Court Judge Christopher Brasher swore in recently elected Johns Creek City Council member Chris Coughlin during Council’s April 24 regular meeting.
The public is invited to attend park design meetings to provide final input on proposed designs and meet architects for Bell-Boles Park, Morton Road Park, State Bridge Park, Cauley Creek Park, and Technology Park Linear Park.
Recycle clothing, furniture, home medical equipment and other hard-to-dispose-of large items at Johns Creek’s “Bulky Items Recycling Day” on April 29, 2017 at Alcon Laboratories in Technology Park.
Mayor Mike Bodker will highlight the progress the City made in 2016 and outline the transformational year taking shape in 2017 at the Tenth Annual State of City Address on Friday, April 28, at the Atlanta Athletic Club, 1930 Bobby Jones Dr., Johns Creek.
in June, and the City needs your feedback.
Dispose of old or unused pharmaceutical drugs on Saturday, April 29 at Target in Johns Creek as part of the Johns Creek Police and Drug Enforcement Administration’s National Take Back initiative.
Stay fit by working up a sweat at one of the upcoming Clubhouse Fitness spring sessions.
Join the Johns Creek Symphony Orchestra as they present their Season Ten finale, “Sounds of the Big Bands,” on Saturday, May 13 at 8 p.m. at Johns Creek United Methodist Church (11180 Medlock Bridge Road).
Spend an evening enjoying the Autrey Mill Nature Preserve “Unplugged” concert series April 15, featuring songwriter and vocalist Ben Wade Marcum.
The City has scheduled the following monthly public update meetings regarding proposed road widening projects along the McGinnis Ferry Road and Jones Bridge Road corridor.
Enjoy the beginning of Spring with family and friends at the annual Special Needs Easter Egg Hunt on Saturday, April 15. The event begins at 10 a.m. at Newtown Park - Park Place Event Lawn, 3150 Old Alabama Road.
New location, same egg-citing family event! The Easter Egg Hunt and Spring Park Party are coming soon! This year’s BIG Spring event is scheduled for Saturday, April 15 at Shakerag Park, 10945 Rogers Circle. It begins at 10 a.m. and Egg Hunt times will be staggered by age.
The City of Johns Creek received the highest possible credit ratings from the industry's two largest rating agencies, Moody’s Investor Service and Standard & Poors (S&P) Global Ratings. The Aaa and AAA ratings, respectively, were assigned to the City following separate reviews of the City’s credit and financial standing by analysts from each organization.
Two Johns Creek residents have qualified as candidates for the Johns Creek Special Election set for Tuesday, April 18.
Spend an evening listening to the sounds of James Locher during Autrey Mill Nature Preserve’s Unplugged Concert on Saturday, March 18 at 8 p.m.
The Johns Creek Public Works Department is preparing to launch its third year of concentrated efforts to repave the city's neighborhood streets this spring.
The City of Johns Creek recently installed a new pedestrian crosswalk along Buice Road near Dolvin Elementary School.
The Johns Creek Police Department’s annual “Johns Creek’s Finest 5K” is set for Saturday, April 22 at Shakerag Park.
There will be a Public Information Meeting for the Rogers Bridge Project at Johns Creek City Hall on Tuesday, March 28 from 6 p.m. - 8 p.m. at City Hall 12000 Findley Road, Johns Creek.
The Spring Park Party and Egg Hunt are around the corner! This year’s BIG Spring event is scheduled for Saturday, April 15 at Shakerag Park, 10945 Rogers circle. It begins at 10 a.m. and Egg Hunt times will be staggered by age. So be sure save the date!
Join the Johns Creek Symphony Orchestra for its official 10th Season Anniversary Concert Celebration, “A Night at the Opera,” on Saturday, March 4 at 8 p.m. at Johns Creek United Methodist Church.
The City of Johns Creek has Called for a special election for April 18, 2017 and will hold qualifying for the April 18, 2017 Special Election for Council Seat Post 4.
Johns Creek is looking for competitors 50 years old or older to represent the City in the 23rd annual Fulton Golden Games, an Olympic-style series of events and activities, April 26 – May 25.
Students from Johns Creek High School’s award winning Drama department, will perform Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Cinderella" as their 2017 spring musical.
Due to ongoing water quality issues in the Newtown Park retention pond, the city had the pond dredged to remove accumulated sediment and improve the functionality and aesthetics of the facility. Typically following a dredging process, the water remains murky for a period as the particulates from the bottom are suspended throughout the pond water column and then eventually settle out into the bottom of the pond.
The first in a series of Public Informational Open House monthly meetings regarding road widening projects along McGinnis Ferry Road and Jones Bridge Road is scheduled for Wednesday, March 8, 2017 from 6:00pm – 8:00pm at City Hall Council Chambers – 12000 Findley Rd., Johns Creek, GA 30097.
Medal of Honor Recipient Command Sgt. Maj. Bennie G. Adkins, U.S. Army (ret), is scheduled to deliver the keynote address during the opening ceremony of The Wall That Heals in Johns Creek, Ga. Thursday, March 30 at 10 a.m.
The City of Johns Creek completed its repaving and restriping project along McGinnis Ferry Road eastbound into Gwinnett County.
The City of Johns Creek closed on the purchase of an existing building that will serve as the new City Hall.
Get ready for the warmer weather by working up a sweat at one of the upcoming Clubhouse Fitness spring sessions.
The Johns Creek Farmers Market is looking vendors for the 2017 market season. We are looking for vendors who make it, bake it, or grow it to be a part of this year’s market. Applications will be accepted through April 7.
Spring is ready to turn everything green! Warm weather and sunshine is right around the corner and for those of you with green thumbs itching to get to work, the Community Garden at Newtown Park is here to help.
Deborah Bowman will be bringing her amazing voice to Autrey Mill Nature Preserve on Saturday, February 11. Bring your friends or a special someone for an early Valentine’s Day celebration with Bowman’s New York style cabaret! A pre-concert gathering in the Summerour House begins at 7 p.m., doors open at 7:30 p.m., and the concert begins at 8 p.m.
The City of Johns Creek, Keep Johns Creek Beautiful, and Panera Bread Co. on Medlock Bridge Road are offering free shredding of sensitive documents and recycling of cooking fats, oils and grease (FOG), fluorescent bulbs and gently-used clothes and shoes on Feb. 11.
Join Mayor Mike Bodker and City Council members for a Town Hall meeting on Thursday, Feb. 9 at 7 p.m. at City Hall (12000 Findley Road, third floor). The meeting, which is open to the public, will discuss billboards.
The Wall That Heals, a 250-foot replica of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, along with a mobile Education Center, is scheduled to visit the City of Johns Creek March 30 – April 2 at Newtown Park.
With the passage of Transportation Special Purpose Local Option Sales Tax (TSPLOST) on the November 2016 ballot, Fulton County will begin collecting the sales tax April 1, 2017.
In the first of its kind in Georgia, the City of Johns Creek has launched its “DataHub,” an expansion of its OpenData portal that will now include a variety of interactive tools that help users see, understand and work with large amounts of city-generated data like code enforcement information, building permits, fire and police data.
The City of Johns Creek fought to keep billboards out of our community. We fought the battle all the way to the Georgia Supreme Court, but unfortunately, we lost that legal battle which forced the City to enter into settlement negotiations with the billboard companies. The goal of the negotiations was to mitigate the effects of the court ruling. Today, we are faced with the unfortunate reality that up to ten billboards are going up despite the City's efforts, but this number could have been much larger without the settlement agreement.
Newtown Recreation is now registering for their spring athletic programs including baseball, flag football, lacrosse, softball, tennis, and soccer. Registration for spring runs through Jan. 31. Programs are offered for youth ages three and up and are designed for all skill levels.
The City of Johns Creek will continue to monitor the weather throughout tonight and tomorrow. We recommend that residents and business owners closely follow the weather reports.
A public meeting regarding the widening of Jones Bridge Road from Sargent Road to McGinnis Ferry Road will be held on Thursday, Jan. 19, 2017 from 6-8 p.m. at Johns Creek City Hall (12000 Findley Road, third floor).
The Johns Creek Fire Department will demonstrate how to properly install vehicle child safety seats on Saturday, Jan. 14 from 9 a.m. to noon and Saturday, Jan. 21, from 9 a.m. to noon at Fire Station 61 at 10265 Medlock Bridge Parkway.
Businesses in the City of Johns Creek have until March 31, 2017, to renew their business tax certificates and starting this year, they are now able to renew online.
Join friends and family for the start of the popular “Unplugged” Concert Series as it enters its third year. Beginning on Jan. 21, Autrey Mill Nature Preserve will host a monthly music and storytelling series featuring performers from around Georgia and the southeast.
Join Mayor Mike Bodker and City Council for a quarterly Town Hall discussion on Thursday, Jan. 12 at City Hall. | 2019-04-18T22:43:08Z | https://johnscreekga.gov/newsandevents/news-archive/2017-news |
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, is increasing worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the timedependent changes of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in the blood and liver over 24 weeks in high-fat diet-induced obese rats with NAFLD and to clarify the role of high FFA levels in the progression of liver injury.
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 per group): the Control group, fed standard chow; the High-fat diet (HFD) group, fed high-fat chow; and the Acipimox group, fed an HFD plus acipimox (100 mg/kg/d, ig) for 8, 16 and 24 weeks. After treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses, western blotting analysis and a histopathological study.
The visceral fat/weight and liver/body weight ratios were higher in both the HFD and Acipimox groups than in the Control group. The TG and FFA concentrations in blood and liver were increased in the HFD group and associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and macro/microvesicular steatosis on hepatic fragments. Although the TG levels in the liver were similar between the HFD and Acipimox groups (p > 0.05), the FFA concentrations in the blood and liver were much lower in the latter group (p < 0.05). The Acipimox group showed normal ALT and MDA levels as well as less severe hepatic histological changes than did the HFD group (NAFLD activity score: 2.14 ± 0.14, 2.43 ± 0.20 and 2.63 ± 0.26 at 8, 16 and 24 weeks, respectively; p < 0.05 versus the HFD group at 24 weeks). The diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) protein levels were similar between the HFD and Acipimox groups (p > 0.05), but the protein expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a) was higher in the Acipimox group.
Liver TG accumulation does not cause cellular injury in the liver; rather, FFAs or their metabolites are responsible for liver injury via increased oxidative stress. It is suggested that the therapeutic efforts to prevent non-alcoholic liver injury progression should be focused on reducing the burden of fatty acids transported to the liver or those being synthesized in the liver.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Clinical epidemiological data indicate that the prevalence of NAFLD ranges from 20 % to 30 % in Western countries and is 15 % in Asian countries . NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of histological findings ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, and steatohepatitis can eventually progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma [2, 3]. By some estimates, 10 ~ 20 % of patients with simple steatosis will convert into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 1.5 % to 3 % will develop advanced liver fibrosis , which seriously threatens the health of patients. Thus, to reduce the development of NASH and liver fibrosis/ cirrhosis, it is necessary to explore the pathophysiology and risk factors that influence the progression from simple fatty liver to NASH and to formulate early intervention strategies.
Although the model of the “two-hit theory” is widely accepted to explain the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the specific mechanisms that mediate the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and those that lead the maintenance of simple steatosis in some patients are poorly understood. The presence of steatosis is a prerequisite for NASH, but it is not causal for the development of NAFLD. Some recent studies have found that lipid accumulation in the liver may be a protective mechanism for patients with obesity/insulin resistance/elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) [6, 7]. Hepatocytes, exposure to high levels of circulating FFAs, and stored FFAs in the form of triglycerides (TGs) may ease FFA-induced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, thereby preventing further hepatocellular damage. However, whether elevated FFA levels in the bloodstream play a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and whether lowering plasma and liver FFA levels can exert a protective effect on hepatocytes remains unclear.
Thus, to clarify the role of high FFA concentration in the progression of NAFLD, we induced NAFLD in rats using a high-fat diet and observed the time-dependent changes of TG, FFAs, liver enzymes, oxidative stress levels, and the protein expression levels related to TG synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, we utilized acipimox, a lipolysis inhibitor, to reduce blood FFA levels [8, 9] and determined whether reduced FFA levels had a protective effect on the liver.
Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 270 ± 10 g were obtained from the animal resources centre (Sichuan University, China). All of the protocols were approved by the Ethic Committee of West China Hospital, and the animals were handled according to the “Principles of Laboratory Animal Care.” The animals were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle with controlled room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) and had access to food and water ad libitum. After an adaptation period of 1 week, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the Control group (n = 30), fed standard rat chow; (2) the High-fat diet (HFD) group (n = 30), fed high-fat chow; and (3) the Acipimox group (n = 30), fed high-fat chow plus acipimox (100 mg/kg/day, ig). The percentages of grams and energy of the macronutrients in the diets are listed in Table 1. Body weight was measured weekly during the feeding period and compared with liver weight and visceral fat mass after the animals were sacrificed.
At the end of 8, 16, and 24 weeks, 10 rats in each of the three groups were sacrificed under pentobarbital sodium anaesthesia. On the day prior to sacrifice, the rats were subjected to overnight fasting. Blood samples were obtained from the heart by cardiac puncture, and serum samples were preserved at −80 °C for biochemical analyses as described below. Liver samples were weighed and processed for biochemical and histopathological studies and western blotting analysis. Abdominal visceral fat (including perirenal, epididymal, and mesenteric fat) was collected and weighed.
The total cholesterol (TC) and TG levels were determined using enzymatic assays in commercial kits (Huili Biotechnologies Inc., Changchun, China). The FFA levels were assayed using the colorimetric method with a serum FFA kit (E1001, Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China). The serum ALT activity, a biomarker for liver damage, was measured using an ELISA and a rat ALT kit.
The liver TG (LTG) concentrations were quantified using a commercially available tissue TG kit (E1013, Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China). Fatty acids were extracted from the liver using previously described methods [10, 11]. Briefly, 0.2 g of liver was weighed and placed into a manual glass homogenizer with lysis buffer (200 μL of 20 mM EDTA, 2 mM NaCl, and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). Next, 10 μL of homogenate was mixed with 10 μL of tert-butyl alcohol and 5 μl of Triton X-100/methyl alcohol mixture (1:1 vol/vol) for lipid extraction . The FFAs were measured using an enzymatic method. The protein concentrations in the liver extracts were determined using the BCA protein assay kit.
The levels of MDA in the liver tissue were determined using the thiobarbutaric acid (TBA) method with a commercially available kit (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China), and the activity of GSH-Px was measured using the velocity method with a GSH-Px kit (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
Hepatic tissue was removed from each rat, and the same part of each liver was dissected, fixed in 10 % formalin, and then embedded in paraffin wax for staining with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome. Coded sections were examined for histopathological changes by an experienced pathologist. Liver steatosis and NAFLD activity scores were semi-quantitatively evaluated as previously reported . In brief, steatosis scores were defined as follows: score 0, presence of intrahepatic fat droplets in <5 % of hepatocytes; score 1, presence of intrahepatic fat droplets in 5–33 % of hepatocytes; score 2, presence of intrahepatic fat droplets in 33–66 % of hepatocytes; and score 3, presence of intrahepatic fat droplets in >67 % of hepatocytes. The NAFLD activity score is the sum of three equal weighted features: steatosis (0–3), lobular inflammation (0–3) and hepatocellular ballooning (0–2).
For the western blot analysis, 50 mg of hepatic tissue was homogenized on ice in radioimmunoprecipitation lysis buffer containing a complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Diagnostics). The homogenates were centrifuged to collect the supernatants. The protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific). Protein samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. After being blocked with 5 % bovine serum albumin in PBST at room temperature for 2 h, the membranes were incubated with anti-DGAT2 antibodies (rabbit anti-DGAT2; 1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and anti-CPT-1a antibodies (rabbit anti-CPT-1a; 1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently, the membranes were washed three times with PBST and incubated with the relevant secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies (1:5000; ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) for 90 min. β-actin (mouse anti-β-actin; 1:500; ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) was used as the loading control. The intensity was measured using Quantity One densitometric software (Bio-Rad).
All results are expressed as means ± standard error. Significant differences between the groups were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe’s post hoc test using the SPSS 16.0 statistical package. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
As shown in Table 2, the body weight and visceral fat mass of the rats in each group increased with age. At 8 weeks, rats in both the HFD and Acipimox groups exhibited higher visceral fat mass and a higher visceral fat/weight ratio than did the age-matched control group, although no statistically significant differences were observed in body weight among the three groups. This phenomenon was more significant at the end of 16 and 24 weeks, when body weight, visceral fat mass, and the visceral fat/weight ratio in both the HFD and Acipimox groups were all markedly increased compared with the corresponding values in the Control group (p < 0.05). The liver/body weight ratio in the Control group did not change with time, whereas it was much higher in the HFD and Acipimox groups (p < 0.05). At 24 weeks, rats in the Acipimox group exhibited lower visceral fat mass and a lower visceral fat/weight ratio than did the rats in the age-matched HFD group, and no significant differences were observed between the HFD and Acipimox groups with respect to body weight or the liver/body weight ratio during the study period (p > 0.05).
As shown in Table 3, rats fed an HFD displayed higher circulating levels of TGs, TC, and FFAs than did the Control group rats. After 8 weeks, the serum TG levels in the HFD group increased approximately 3.4-fold compared to the Control group, whereas the FFA concentration only increased by 48 % in the HFD group; no significant difference was observed between the HFD and Control groups with respect to circulating TC levels. By 24 weeks, the HFD group showed a 2.2-fold increase in serum TG levels and a 56 % increase in serum TC levels, and the serum FFA concentration of the HFD group had increased to 2.7-fold that of the Control group. Acipimox treatment decreased the concentrations of TC, TG and FFAs compared to the HFD rats by 16 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed between the Acipimox and Control groups at any time point (p > 0.05) regarding the circulating lipid profile.
The serum ALT levels in the Control group remained stable during the study period (142 ± 2.3, 146 ± 4.4, and 144 ± 3.4 IU/L at 8, 16 and 24 weeks, respectively). The ALT level was 141 ± 3.7 IU/L in the HFD group at 8 weeks and increased progressively over time. By 16 and 24 weeks, the circulating ALT levels in the HFD group reached 155 ± 5 and 170 ± 4.0 IU/L, respectively. Compared to the Control group, HFD treatment caused an 18 % increase in the serum ALT level at the end of 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The serum ALT levels in the Acipimox group were 142 ± 2.6, 154 ± 4.4, and 150 ± 2.7 IU/L by 8, 16 and 24 weeks, respectively, and these findings were consistent with the levels observed in the Control group (p > 0.05).
Both the HFD and Acipimox groups exhibited significantly higher liver TG levels than did the Control group. By 8, 16 and 24 weeks, the hepatic TG levels were 4.3-, 4.5- and 2.4-fold higher in the HFD group than in the Control group. No significant differences were observed in liver TG level between the Acipimox and HFD groups during the study period. The HFD treatment progressively increased the concentrations of hepatic FFAs over time. The liver FFA level in the HFD group increased by 38 % at 16 weeks and by 57 % at 24 weeks relative to the level in the Control group. Acipimox can effectively reduce the hepatic FFA content, and no difference in liver FFA level was detected between the Acipimox and Control groups at 8 and 16 weeks. By 24 weeks, the Acipimox group showed a slightly higher hepatic FFA content than did the Control group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance, and the hepatic FFA level in the Acipimox group was still significantly lower than that of the HFD group (Fig. 1).
As shown in Table 4, the concentration of hepatic MDA progressively increased in the HFD group over the 24 weeks. By 16 and 24 weeks, the liver MDA levels were 2.5- and 3-fold higher in the HFD group than in the Control group. Acipimox treatment markedly decreased the liver MDA levels compared with the HFD group (p < 0.05). After 16 weeks, the Acipimox group exhibited higher liver MDA levels than did the Control group, and no difference was observed between the Acipimox and Control groups regarding the hepatic MDA levels at 8 and 24 weeks.
Rats in the HFD and Acipimox groups all displayed lower liver GSH-Px activity than did the Control group at 8 and 16 weeks (p < 0.05). After 24 weeks, no significant difference in hepatic GSH-Px activity was detected among the three groups.
To understand the potential in vivo mechanisms that induced the changes in liver TG and FFA levels, we measured the hepatic protein expression levels of DGAT2, a TG synthesis rate-limiting enzyme, and the FFA oxidation-related enzyme CPT-1a. The HFD and Acipimox groups exhibited pronounced increases in DGAT2 protein level compared with the Control group. At the end of 16 and 24 weeks, the DGAT2 protein expression level had increased by 61 % and 39 % (HFD group) and by 48 % and 58 % (Acipimox group), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the DGAT2 protein level between the HFD and Acipimox groups at any time point. The protein expression level of CPT-1a was markedly reduced in the HFD group compared with the Control group at 24 weeks, although it did not differ significantly between the two groups at 8 and 16 weeks. The hepatic CPT-1a concentration can be effectively maintained by acipimox feeding and was similar between the Acipimox and Control groups (Fig. 2).
Representative histological images of H&E-stained liver sections are shown in Fig. 3. The HFD successfully induced hepatic steatosis, and HFD-fed rats displayed prominent hepatic steatosis (steatosis score: 2.25 ± 0.2) at the end of 8 weeks. At 24 weeks, the liver steatosis score was 2.6 ± 0.2 and was accompanied by ballooned hepatocytes and mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration. In the HFD group, the NAFLD activity score (NAS), a score that reflects the pathological severity of the liver, gradually increased from 2.3 ± 0.2 at 8 weeks to 3.5 ± 0.2 at 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The Acipimox-treated rats demonstrated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis (steatosis score: 2.1 ± 0.1 at 8 weeks and 2.4 ± 0.2 at 24 weeks), but ballooned hepatocytes were not observed in liver sections, and inflammation was less severe and less prevalent than that observed in the HFD group at 24 weeks (NAS: 2.6 ± 0.3; p < 0.05 versus HFD group). No rats in any treatment showed centrilobular or perisinusoidal fibrosis with Masson’s trichrome stain, and the liver sections of the Control group did not display any histological abnormalities.
At present, numerous dietary and/or genetic methods can be used to induce animal models, which can simulate the human condition of NAFLD in many aspects . An HFD is one of these methods. In addition to hepatic steatosis, an HFD can often induce insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and other metabolic syndrome components with pathophysiology that is more similar to that observed in human NAFLD than that generated by other animal models of NAFLD [13, 14]. In this study, we fed eight-week-old male Wistar rats high-fat chow, and after 8 to 24 weeks of dietary treatment, the rats in the HFD group exhibited increased body weight, visceral fat mass, visceral fat/body weight ratio and liver/body weight ratio when compared with the levels in the age-matched control rats. HFD treatment also caused significant increments in the serum TC, TG level, elevated hepatic TG content and marked lipid droplet deposition in the liver sections, suggesting that the model of obesity accompanied by NAFLD was successfully induced in this study.
It is interesting to note that after 8 weeks of dietary treatment, the HFD group exhibited a 3.4-fold increase in serum TG level and a 4.3-fold increase in hepatic TG content compared with the levels in control rats. However, the increase in serum FFAs was only 48 %, and no significant change in hepatic FFA content was observed in HFD-fed rats compared with normal chow-fed rats. These findings suggest that for the first 8 weeks of the HFD, circulating FFAs were normally converted to TGs in the liver and were stored in adipose tissue, the liver, and other tissues, resulting in increases in body weight and fat mass. At this time, the liver enzyme levels were normal, although the liver/body weight ratio was increased and the liver tissue sections indicated microvesicular steatosis, which are consistent with signs of fatty liver.
As the HFD treatment progressed, this trend was reversed. By 24 weeks, the increase in serum TG level in the HFD group was only 2.2-fold that of normal rats, whereas the hepatic TG content was only increased 2.4-fold compared with normal rats. However, the serum FFA levels were 2.7 times higher and the liver FFA content increased by 57 % in HFD-fed rats compared with the Control group. We propose that the main mechanism for these changes at 24 weeks might be due to an impaired ability of the liver to synthesize TGs, resulting in significantly elevated serum and hepatic FFAs levels. In addition, at this time point, the serum ALT levels in the HFD group were elevated, and the NAS was 3.5 ± 0.2, which suggest the possibility of steatohepatitis. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that hepatic TG deposition may not be harmful; rather, it may represent a protective mechanism against FFA-induced lipotoxic liver injury by storing FFAs in the form of TGs [6, 7, 15]. To further study the role of an elevated serum FFA level on NASH, we treated the HFD-fed rats with acipimox to reduce plasma FFA levels by inhibiting lipolysis. These results showed that the serum FFA and TG concentrations in the Acipimox group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Although the Acipimox group did not significantly differ from the HFD group in liver TG content, the content of hepatic FFAs in the Acipimox group was consistent with that of the Control group. Despite the increase in the liver/body weight ratio, the Acipimox group did not show any obvious changes in serum ALT levels, and the NAS in the Acipimox group was also lower than that of the HFD group, indicating that acipimox treatment reduced liver damage in HFD-fed rats. These findings suggest that increased serum and liver FFAs concentrations rather than TGs may be a key link between obesity and the development of NAFLD.
An elevated circulating FFA level is one of the clinical characteristics of subjects with obesity/metabolic syndrome. Under conditions of insulin resistance, defects in the β-oxidation of FFAs are observed. Elevated FFA levels in the liver can cause hepatocyte injury via the formation of various toxic metabolites, such as ceramides, diacylglycerols, and lysophosphatidylcholine . These metabolites can result in mitochondria dysfunction via multiple methods, such as inhibiting the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain , activating NADPH oxidase, or depolarising the mitochondrial membrane [18, 19], which can result in increased ROS production, thereby enhancing oxidative stress-induced liver injury. It has been shown that MDA, an index of oxidative stress, can damage cells and tissues, whereas GSH-Px, one of the body’s endogenous antioxidants, can protect hepatocytes against oxidative damage via chemical or enzymatic reactions. In our study, hepatic MDA levels were obviously elevated and progressively increased in the HFD group over 24 weeks compared with the Control group. Furthermore, the decrease in hepatic GSH-Px activity occurred at 8 weeks in the HFD group. The hepatic MDA level in the Acipimox group was similar to that of the control group and was markedly lower than that of the corresponding HFD group. Taken together, these findings suggest that a high serum FFA level may induce steatohepatitis by enhancing oxidative stress. When the level of FFAs is lowered with acipimox, hepatic oxidative stress levels decrease, thereby reducing liver damage and delaying the occurrence of NASH.
In the NAFLD state, the synthesis of hepatic TGs was increased. Although the classic “two hit” theory considers hepatic TG deposition to be a prerequisite for the development of NASH, emerging studies have suggested that TG accumulation may only be an “innocent bystander” or even a protective mechanism in the progression of NAFLD to NASH [7, 20]. In our study, the serum and liver FFA levels progressively increased in the HFD group over 24 weeks, but TG accumulation in the HFD group markedly decreased from 4.3-fold at 8 weeks to 2.4-fold at 24 weeks compared with the Control group, indicating that the ability of the liver to synthesize TGs is impaired with progression of the disease.
To further explore the potential mechanism that induces the change in liver TG content, we measured the hepatic protein expression levels of the TG synthesis-related enzyme DGAT2. DGAT2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in TG synthesis and plays an important role in the development of fatty liver diseases . Previous studies have shown that the levels of DGAT2 mRNA/protein are elevated in the NAFLD state [22, 23]. The results of the present study are consistent with those of previous studies. Compared with the Control group, the HFD group exhibited a pronounced increase in DGAT2 protein level. Regarding the HFD group, no significant change in the expression of DGAT2 protein was observed during the course of the disease, and thus we speculate that an impairment of TG synthesis due to a decrease in DGAT2 protein expression was unlikely.
It is well known that CPT-1a is a gated enzyme that regulates mitochondrial β-oxidation in the liver. Previous studies have revealed conflicting results regarding the change in CPT-1a in NAFLD [24, 25]. The present study indicated that CPT-1a expression was similar between the HFD and Control groups at 8 weeks. By 24 weeks, CPT-1a expression was markedly decreased in HFD-fed rats. After treatment with acipimox, the level of CPT-1a protein expression was similar to that of the Control group, suggesting that during the progression of the disease, the oxidative capacity of mitochondrial fatty acids declines and that lowering hepatic FFAs levels may maintain the function of mitochondrial lipid oxidation, thus maintaining the balance of energy metabolism. We speculate that the decline in the oxidative capacity of mitochondrial lipids and oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage could jointly cause a decrease in ATP synthesis, resulting in an energy deficit in TG synthesis and subsequently impaired TG synthesis.
Finally, our study demonstrated that declining elevated serum FFAs levels were beneficial in preventing the conversion of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Nonpharmacologic interventions such as weight loss in obese patients, reduced carbohydrate intake, especially intake of high glycemic and high fructose foods, and aerobic exercise should be first-line choices. A number of agents, such as fibrates and nicotinic acid, can be used to reduce serum FFAs levels if nonpharmacologic interventions fail. In addition, nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients (such as fish oil and soyabean) that are beneficial to the lipid profile may reduce the risk of fatty liver by acting in parallel to pharmacologic therapy, as adjuvants in case of failure or in situations where pharmacologic therapy cannot be used [24, 26].
The main limitation of the current study is that we failed to induce NASH, mainly due to the limitations of the HFD-induced NAFLD model . Although this drawback limits the extension of our results, we observed that the degree of liver damage was gradually increased as the HFD feeding period progressed via changes in NAS and serum ALT levels, and the hepatic FFA content and oxidative stress level showed pronounced changes. Therefore, we speculate that these changes should be more pronounced when the disease progresses to NASH.
This study indicated that during the development of NAFLD, FFA levels increased significantly and were accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress. Then a reduction in FFA levels was observed, which can effectively reduce oxidative stress and liver injury. These findings suggest that although liver TG deposition is the primary characteristic of NAFLD, it may be an “innocent bystander” or a protective mechanism in the development of NAFLD. However, FFAs and their metabolites are likely, at least in part, the pivotal factor that promotes the development of NAFLD. Future studies are needed to obtain definitive results regarding this issue. If this is the case, then treatments should focus on how to effectively reduce the lipotoxicity of FFAs rather than inhibiting the deposition of hepatic TGs.
We appreciate very much for the kindly help from Prof. Jun Gao.
J.L. Liu, L.N. Han and Y.R. Yu designed the study. J.L. Liu, L.N. Han and L.L. Zhu performed the animal study and tissue preparation/analysis. J.L. Liu wrote the manuscript, and analyzed the data. Y. Yu revised the article and contributed to it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | 2019-04-22T03:00:23Z | https://0-lipidworld-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s12944-016-0194-7 |
For some time I have worked with multi-ethnic websites for immigrants. At one point, I needed to know about the web use characteristics of Americans with Mexican heritage. The 2011 Pew Hispanic Trends Project reports that this group is a very important demographic, as Mexican-Americans comprise the majority of immigrants in the United States. In fact, two-thirds of all Latinos are people with Mexican heritage. And today, as the Pew study indicates, Mexican-American users have increased their online usage at a rate that compares favorably with other groups of Americans.
As part of a combined research and design project involving online communities, I needed to learn more about the online cultural identity of this group. Which cultural orientation would best meet their needs? Would they prefer sites written for Mexican-Americans? Or would they prefer sites with a primarily Mexican or American audience? How could I best apply cultural orientation to design?
I proceeded to study how Mexican-Americans use the web as they engaged in sites of topical interest to them. We paid 14 volunteer participants (seven male and seven female) to conduct various tasks on three cultural categories of web sites: those developed in Spanish with a primary Mexican orientation (www.df.gob.mx, cocinalamexicana.espaciolatino.com); in English by and for all U.S.-born users (www.allrecipes.com, www.denvergov.org); and in both Spanish and English, specifically for Mexican-Americans (www.hispanianews.com, www.mexgrocer.com). We tested two types of sites within each cultural group, with one site focusing on food and the other on sites providing government services. The topics of food and government services were selected because participants were familiar with these topics. Tasks assessed the three ISO areas of usability: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. Forms and surveys were provided in both English and Spanish.
Participants have lived in the U.S. for an average of 5.7 years with an average age of 25.7 years.
64% of participants were born in Mexico.
50% of participants regularly travel to Mexico, and all participants regularly participate in local community activities (festivals, religious events, and family celebrations) that connect them with Mexican culture.
Social networking sites (Facebook, Instagram, and MySpace).
Email providers (Google and Yahoo) and sites related to school and/or work.
Sites in Spanish or about Mexico or Latinos (Mediotiempo, Univision, Esmas, Terra and other sports, Mexican town pages, and news sites in Mexico).
We assessed the effectiveness of use by calculating how often users correctly completed a task. On this measure, user performance was best on the Mexican-American sites, with 96.4% of participants successfully completing tasks. In second place, the American sites had a completion rate of 92.9%, followed by the Mexican sites, with a successful completion rate of 85.7%.
Due to the lack of culturally comparable benchmarks in studies about Mexican-Americans online, measuring efficiency by completion time would not reliably indicate how quickly users completed tasks. Instead of time to completion, the ”lostness” metric was used. As detailed in Tom Tullis’ and Bill Albert’s book Measuring the User Experience, lostness provides a formula that measures the optimum number of pages needed to complete a task against the total number of pages a user actually visits. The efficiency of a task depends on the extent to which a user finds the optimal path to the information without getting lost. The lower the lostness score, the more efficiently users accessed the information.
With a lostness score of 0.12, users were most efficient with the Mexican-American websites, followed by 0.13 for the Mexican sites, and 0.16 for the American sites.
Users rated their satisfaction with the website by ranking it in comparison with the others they tested. As a preliminary step, and to make sure that users were working with legitimate websites, a web design expert of Mexican heritage was hired to evaluate sites according to the System Usability Scale, a measure that has been used widely in thousands of studies across different cultures. According to measuringusability.com, the average System Usability Score for all websites on the nternet is 68. The Mexican-American websites and American websites scored 76, with the Mexican sites scoring 66.
Users rated the American sites as their favorite (1.9 out of 3), followed by the Mexican (2.0), and in last place, the Mexican-American sites (2.1).
Participants provided open-ended comments about the sites. The top comments about the Mexican and American sites complimented the organization, particularly the clean, columnar arrangement of elements on the American sites, division of thematic elements and content into pods, and use of whitespace (pages were not ”cluttered”). Users were happiest with the relevance of content of the Mexican and Mexican-American sites, particularly the abundance of recipes in the Spanish language and the overviews about Mexican culinary traditions.
In the performance areas of effectiveness and efficiency, the Mexican-American sites ranked the best. Asked to rate their satisfaction, users chose the American website first. That users rated the worst performing site the favorite may seem unexpected. Why would users be more satisfied with a website they had more difficulty using? Perhaps there are two explanations.
Like many multi-ethnic groups, Mexican-Americans have mixed feelings toward Mexico. Those who emigrate usually do so to escape the existential threats of corruption, gangs, violence, and poverty. Those who do not emigrate meet people close to them who tell stories about difficult socio-political conditions in Mexico. They admire the political and economic stability of and opportunities offered by the U.S., but they do not want to escape the Mexican culture, just the political uncertainties of the country. In the U.S., their identity as Mexican remains important, and most find communities to maintain a connection to it. They want to freely live and celebrate the part of themselves that is Mexican in a stable socio-political structure. The study results are indicative of this dichotomy: the desire for Mexican-American awareness online, but provided in an orderly and reliable manner.
At no time in history have multi-ethnic people been more interconnected globally than the present era. People find themselves simultaneously connected to cultures in both distant and local places. On any given night, locals watch American football in Mexico, while Mexican wrestling finds its way onto Internet-connected televisions in U.S. living rooms. No longer do Mexican immigrants leave home completely behind. Today, the most common pattern is to continue a relationship with the homeland through electronically mediated transnational connections: online purchases, contacts with family and/or friends, and keeping up with events.
The distant culture feeds one kind of identity; life in the new place fosters a different one. Multi-ethnic users have at their disposal a wider array of cultural options than before the proliferation of global electronic media. In varying degrees and circumstances, people may prefer some things to be more Mexican and others to be more American. This ongoing interchange shifts the significance of what it means to be a Mexican-American. The identity is one less limited by the constraints of a specific territory and more focused toward flexibility and contingency.
The Mexican-American websites analyzed by participants fall loosely into a genre known as local ethnic community or transnational websites. As an initial and exploratory step, developers would be wise to look for the ways that Mexican-Americans themselves have established their online presence through local ethnic websites. These sites typically assist transition to American culture while simultaneously helping maintain ties to Mexico (see L. Castro and V. Gonzalez, 2014, “Transnational Imagination and Social Practices: A Transnational Website in a Migrant Community” in Human-Computer Interaction, 29:1 pp.22-52). The sites provide links to local immigration lawyers, government institutions, where to buy certain things, recipes, a community discussion forum or other means to help people contact each other, and other features that help people maintain a Mexican identity while figuring out how to get along in a different culture.
As you study the multi-ethnic site, ask yourself: what is it that draws users to check, for instance, healthcare data on that site and not the same information officially provided by the hospital? Consider that on a multi-ethnic virtual community, information is best provided through a context that places an emphasis on culture and community. Multi-ethnic sites for many groups emphasize these aspects, but Mexican-Americans have a comparatively heightened awareness of the role of community-driven information due to the cultural values of confianza, or trust, and personalismo, or personal connectedness. (See “Language Barriers in Healthcare Information: Communicating with Bilingual Users,” by Silvia Inez Salazar in UX Magazine 9.4 2010). Offering information through a communal framework increases its credibility. This probably means that you must invest a good deal of time into the project and use this time to generate authentic relationships with the people served by a site.
When working with multi-ethnic groups, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Don’t settle on a discount method for conducting user design for Mexican-Americans. Don’t assume that what goes for Latinos also goes for Mexican-Americans; not all Latino subgroups share the same values, use the same websites, and/or encounter the same cultural pressures. Mexican-Americans do not limit themselves to a particular culture online, but instead, use a plethora of online resources— American, Mexican, and Mexican-American—that collectively make up a Mexican-American transnational cyberspace. Goals are best accomplished through studying the unique character of the group, extensive involvement with people from the Mexican-American community, time taken to study their ways of doing things, and time to establish authentic relationships. Sincerity, trust, community, and personalization light the path to the best outcomes online, as they do in real life.
Sapienza, F. (2014). Cultural Preferences: Mexican-Americans on the Web. User Experience Magazine, 14(4). | 2019-04-25T09:04:38Z | http://uxpamagazine.org/cultural-preferences/ |
Free family city walking tours. Tracking the wild otters of Cape Point. Horse riding and wine tours for couples. And unique private tours and underground or Karoo adventures for big groups. This is our selection of exciting, unique and special day tours in Cape Town and the Western Cape.
Go on an open-top safari, visit a waterfall, paddle up the Touw River or bungy jump at Bloukrans. Choose between a 3-, 6- or 10-day tour and have a unique and unforgettable experience visiting South Africa’s most beautiful sites through Off The Beaten Path and Wanderlust Backpackers.
Go paddling in an environmentally-friendly kayak in the Table Mountain Marine Protected Area, and see Table Mountain, Lion’s Head and Signal Hill appearing in a way that makes them seem a completely new. You have the chance to see the Cape Marine Big Five (dolphin, penguin, sunfish, whale, seal) and other marine life at close range. The endemic Heaviside dolphins (and in summer, their babies too) love to play in the Granger Bay area. Paddling at moonrise is just as breathtaking as a sunrise paddle. Your chance to collect any trash that you see in the ocean, so that you can do your part in keeping our oceans free from plastic. Get the experience and kayak with Kaskazi Kayaks.
Just for the summer, you’ll have the chance to join Tigger 2 on a sunset cruise every Friday and Sunday evening from 6pm or 6:30pm. Take in the breathtaking sunset views from the water on a two-and-a-half hour cruise, with an Aperol spritz cocktail on arrival, a light snack and live beats from DJ Didier. The cruise experience costs R670per person. See more about this Sunday sunset cruise.
Track and locate clawless wild otters on a guided walk with the “Otter Man”. Learn the tracking techniques, see the habits of these elusive creatures and discover hidden areas of Cape Point along the way.
Put on your walking shoes and explore the colourful and vibrant streets of the Bo-Kaap, Cape Town’s historic sites and buildings, or St George’s Cathedral, the “apartheid benches” and District Six. Free Walking Tours operates three very Capetonian tours – Bo-Kaap, Historic city and Apartheid to Freedom tours – daily at 11am, 2pm and 4:20pm from Motherland Coffee Company on Wale Street. And they are completely free.
Return to a bygone era. Travel aboard the Shosholoza Meyl train on a two-day adventure into the Karoo, retracing the steps of the early diamond explorers. See iconic landmarks, immerse yourself in true South African culture and share stories with the local winemakers and musicians of the Karoo plains. Your end destination is the one-road town of Matjiesfontein, which remains locked in the ways of the past. Departing every Friday, you’ll get a fascinating glimpse into the past with this Wine Flies’ Forgotten Matjiesfontein Route Karoo train tour.
Price: R1950pp (max 13 people per tour), includes accommodation, train ride, wine tasting, dinner, breakfast and museum access.
Order sunscreen and meds via Whatsapp. Get it delivered free in the CBD. And get an emergency travel prescription on chronic medication if you lose yours or run out while travelling. Barr’s Pharmacy on Long Street offers excellent advice and personal service in Cape Town. And for summer, you can speak to the pharmacist directly about sunscreen and seasonal ailments and medicine. You can even have your medicine delivered for free in the CBD by Barr’s Pharmacy. And Barr’s are also specialists in travel medication in Cape Town.
The secret tunnels of Cape Town in a unique underground adventure. You’re given a torch and gumboots before descending into darkness, and then you’re ready for discovery. This tour by Good Hope Adventures is definitely one for the thrill-seekers. And it’s best done in large groups.
Spot the Marine Big 5 with 10% off an Ocean Safari boat ride. Go seal snorkelling or diving – also get a 15% discount with our unique link. Get qualified or organise your next scuba diving trip. Learn to free dive around Cape Town. Or just take your pick from this awesome selection of ultimate Ocean Experiences.
A full day dedicated to exploring Cape Town’s emerging craft scene. That’s beer, gin, coffee, craft markets as well as local stores and hidden city gems. The Craft Crawl adventure by Local Knowledge includes day and night-time adventures and it’s good for a group of friends.
Price: R850pp, includes transport and driver, local guides, all entrance fees, plus: coffee, beer and gin tastings.
Taste your way through Cape Town on this flavour-filled guided walking tour of the Mother City. Taste traditional African cuisine and discover hidden culinary gems. If you’re looking for something custom, or family-friendly, or rich in culture, passionate owner Elsje Erasmus will cook up the tour experience you’re craving with Cape Town Culinary Tours.
An ultimate bucket list item. Cape Town from the air. From quick city helicopter flights to helicopter trips to Robben Island, romantic helicopter charters to Stellenbosch to VIP Winelands rides from the V&A Waterfront. Plus: Cape Point helicopter tour options and exclusive helicopter specials. There are so many awesome experiences waiting to be discovered with helicopter rides in Cape Town.
What's more, CapeTownMagazine.com readers get the Hopper flight for only R1260pp (that's a 10% discount) via this secret link. Or get a 10% discount on ALL other flights with Cape Town Helicopters. Claim yours by using our unique booking code: FlyAirbus. Combine a Cape Town Helicopter flight with an Ocean Experience, and you'll get 10% off.
If you know what you want to see and how much time you would like to spend there, rent a vehicle (with driver) with AroundAboutCars. Get unlimited kilometres with no excess, discounts on accommodation, free delivery, collection of cars at all major airports and 24-hr countrywide emergency backup. It’s worth it to rent a car with AroundAboutCars.
Laid-back day trips in a colourfully painted minibus exuding good vibes. You’re driven all over the city to the coolest road-trip music, discovering all the city’s hidden gems and local hot spots. From an essential Urban Safari to the speciality Craft Beer Safari and The Gin Jol to the new Constantia Sunday Funday experience, The Road Trip Tour to Cape Point; the Wine, Beer & Biltong Safari to Stellenbosch, Township and Street Art Tour and more. See Cape Town road-trip style with Kiff Kombi Tours.
A fun family-filled private tour dedicated to exploring some of Cape Town’s best gems, tourist attractions and beautiful landscapes. Your expertly trained tour guide will take you on a visit to the Two Oceans Aquarium, Giraffe House, Lion Park, a few beautiful wine estates, the celebrated Spice Route and more. A uniquely tailored private Cape Town tour hosted by Kabura Travel Tours.
Price: R895pp (children), R1400pp (adult), includes private driver and tour guide, all entrance and wine tasting fees, bottled water, complimentary coffee at the Spice Route.
A day dedicated to discovering the Cape Winelands. Visit world-renowned Stellenbosch, Paarl and Franschhoek. Explore some of the best-kept local secrets. The two fun-loving “Wine Lords”, Riaan Renke and Francois van Binsbergen, and their team of knowledgeable guides add a healthy dose of charm and humour to each distinctively South African trip by Wine Flies.
Price: R880pp, including doorstep pick-up and drop-off, all tastings, food pairings and lunch. Max 13 people on a trip (bigger tours and private tours can be arranged). Book online.
Step outside of the glamorous CBD and into the vibrant heart of “the real” South Africa and its lively township streets with this authentic half-day township tour. Includes Langa, Gugulethu, District 6, Bonteheuwel and Joe Slovo informal settlement. Engage with the locals and experience the vibrancy of township life first-hand. It’s a local tour led by locals with Camissa Travel & Marketing.
Price: From 550pp (adults), R275pp (children under 12) for half-day tours.
A driver picks you up from your accommodation in Cape Town and surrounds. Then you’re off on a romantic guided horseback tour of Franschhoek and various vineyards and estates, ending in a food and wine tasting experience. A very romantic Western Cape winelands experience – though group and family tour options are available, too. Experience the ride and wine tour with Explore Sideways.
Price: From R2281pp, including pick-up and drop-off from your accommodation in and around Cape Town, a private guide/driver, horse riding tour, vineyard tour and three wine tastings.
Calling all thrill-seekers – get up close and personal with an apex predator. Dive the famous Great White Shark hunting ground of Gansbaai, a journey that starts at the crack of dawn. Also combine your tour with whale-watching, a scenic flight or a safari game drive with the White Shark Diving Company’s Gansbaai shark cage diving tours.
Taste the unique local wines, traditional foods and the beauty of Stellenbosch, Grabouw and Hermanus. Discover and taste your way through the Cape Winelands onboard a “musical chair minibus”, enjoy an authentic boerewors and cider pairing in Grabouw, and then do some whale-watching in Hermanus, followed by a meal of local fish and chips. Wine Flies invites you on this authentic Whale, Wine and Wors tour.
Price: R880pp, includes all tastings, food pairings and lunch.
PLUS: Discover exciting new experiences like wine-tasting in the middle of a lagoon and pirate-themed mini-golf to private fishing boat charters and picnics by the lake at Benguela Cove.
Get some fresh air and exercise, enjoy exquisite scenery and find some hidden gems in our collection of places worth hiking in Cape Town.
Get out there with our selection of super unique adventures and things to do in Cape Town.
Also check out the all-new alternative Cape Town bucket list.
Spend quality time using our collection of things to do with kids, free and cheap things for the family and activities for couples around Cape Town.
Explore Cape Town behind the wheel of a powerful race car with Cobra Experience. | 2019-04-19T12:30:48Z | https://www.capetownmagazine.com/lifestyle/new-experiences-18-day-tours-for-exploring-the-cape/28_22_17587 |
UNHCR today released more information from three Ethiopian survivors of the migrant boat that left Tripoli on 25 March with 72 passengers and which, after becoming disabled and running out of food and water, washed ashore in Libya over two weeks later with only nine survivors.
“[One surviving] refugee said that military vessels twice passed their boat without stopping, and that a military helicopter dropped food and water onto the boat at some point during the journey. The first boat refused their request to board. The second only took photos, he said. The man was not able to identify where the vessels came from.
UNHCR staff met with the three in Shousha camp in Tunisia. One spoke Arabic, while the others spoke Oromo. UNHCR interviewed the Arabic speaker. He said that they paid smugglers US$800 to make the journey. The passengers were expected to operate the boat on their own.
According to the refugee, when water ran out people drank sea water and their own urine. They ate toothpaste. One by one people started to die. He said that they waited for a day or two before dropping the bodies into the sea. There were 20 women and two small children on board. A woman with a two-year-old boy died three days before he died. The refugee described the anguish of the boy after his mother’s death.
After arrival on a beach near Zliten, between Tripoli and the Tunisian border, a woman died on the beach from exhaustion. The remaining 10 men walked to the town of Zliten where they were arrested by the Libyan police. They were taken to a hospital and then to a prison where they were given some water, milk and dates. After two days another survivor died.
Bruxelles2 also notes that the time period when the migrant boat was disabled and drifting was a period when there was a shifting of commands for the multiple European and US naval and air forces operating off Libya. NATO took command of the maritime embargo on 23 March; the no fly zone and the air attacks were initially under the control of an ad hoc coalition (France, UK, USA, Canada, Belgium, Denmark); full command did not shift to NATO until 31 March and even then it took several days for the transfers of command to occur; and some military vessels continued (and continue to this day) to operate under independent national command.
In short, NATO may be fully correct when it says that a vessel under its command during the time period in question did not encounter the disabled migrant boat. Further investigation into responsibility is needed.
Click here for UNHCR statement.
A Royal Navy mine counter-measures vessel, the HMS Brocklesby, last week located and destroyed a mine containing 100 kg of high explosives outside of the Misrata harbour.
Click here for Royal Navy press statement.
From Migration Policy Institute’s MPI Data Hub: annual number of asylum applications in select countries. I copied the data for years 2004-2009 below. Click here for the data for the years 1980-2009, footnotes, and source information.
“1.(C/NF) Summary: The latest round of EU-Libya Framework Agreement negotiations hit snags over sensitive political issues and were slowed by Libya’s inefficient technical bureaucracy. The Libyans denounced the International Criminal Court and decreed that any language similar to the Rome Statute was off limits. Trade talks stalled when the Libyans announced that they had not examined the draft paper (presented in early 2009) and were unable to produce trade statistics from 2007/2008 or provide data on the Libyan tariff system. Talks on migration went more smoothly than expected, but significant issues remain before the agreement could be given to member states for approval. EU diplomats in Tripoli are skeptical that the EC will be able to get an agreement that can be implemented by both sides within the remaining two rounds of talks….
2.(C/NF) Representatives of the European Commission (EC) based in Brussels conducted the latest round of Framework Agreement negotiations July 13-14 in Tripoli with sessions focused on political dialogue, trade and commerce, and migration. Diplomats from EU member states — participating as observers to the EC-Libya negotiations — said that discussions on the political framework were particularly heated. Libyan negotiator Mohammed Siala railed against language stating that the two parties agreed to discuss crimes against humanity in an international context, angrily stating that any mention of the International Criminal Court (ICC) or text similar to that of the Rome Statute would cause a total breakdown of the framework negotiations. According to the UK embassy, nothing in the political dialogue paper is binding on either party and is merely agenda-setting for future discussions. EC negotiators were not/not pushing for Libya to accede to the ICC….
Click here or here for the full Cable.
Click here for a post regarding an earlier US cable discussing the state of EU-Libya framework negotiations in 2008.
DIIS (Danish Institute for International Studies) is holding a seminar on 19 October: Political Asylum in the 21st Century.
The seminar will be conducted by Carol Bohmer, Visiting Associate Professor at the Department of Government at Dartmouth, and Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, DIIS Project Researcher, external lecturer in international refugee law at the University of Copenhagen, and author of the forthcoming book entitled “Access to Asylum: International Refugee Law and the Globalisation of Migration Control” (April 2011).
Description: Few issues have remained as politicized as asylum in the past few decades. Most nations recognize the moral and legal obligation to accept people fleeing from persecution, but political asylum applicants in the twenty-first century face restrictive policies and cumbersome procedures. Competing discourses of protection and control are predominant in present day asylum rhetoric. Governments need to address the conflicting needs of the state to protect their citizens from terrorists and the influx of hordes of unwelcome economic migrants, while at the same time adhering to their legal, moral and treaty obligations to provide safe haven for those fleeing persecution. Satisfying these conflicting goals at the same time may ultimately prove impossible, yet states continue to struggle to find ways to appear to meet both. How do they do it? This seminar will attempt to answer that question and illustrate the sometimes absurd effects of this process. The seminar will further compare different policy approaches, notably the cases of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Denmark.
Participation is free of charge, but registration is required. Register online no later than Monday, 18 October 2010 at 12.00 noon.
The Daily Mail has a special report detailing the experiences and routes of irregular Afghan migrants traveling from Afghanistan to the UK by way of Turkey and Greece.
The Refugee Studies Centre’s International Summer School fosters dialogue between academics, practitioners and policymakers working to improve the situation of refugees and other forced migrants. It provides the time and space for them to reflect on their experiences and to think critically about some of the aims and assumptions underlying their work.
Policy makers and practitioners involved with humanitarian assistance and policy making for forced migrants. Participants typically include host government officials, intergovernmental and non-governmental agency personnel engaged in planning, administering and co-ordinating assistance.
Researchers specialising in the study of forced migration.
Documents released under the UK’s 30 year rule (requiring many Government documents to be turned over to the National Archives after 30 years) reveal that former PM Margaret Thatcher considered the possibility of buying an Indonesian or Philippine island not only for the staging and screening of Vietnamese boat people, but also as a place of resettlement for the Vietnamese.
By December 2009, the European Council will have adopted the new multiannual programme on Justice and Home Affairs, better known as the Stockholm programme. This programme will have substituted the previous Hague programme adopted on 5 November 2004, which was itself a continuation of the Tampere programme adopted in 1999. The new Stockholm programme will have been adopted under the current Swedish Presidency.
For further details of the programme click here.
Click here for the BBC article and link to the BBC interview.
Click here for a link to the BNP website and the “BNP News” interview.
Following a bi-lateral meeting, the UK and French governments have released a declaration regarding actions to be taken in regard to migrants seeking to enter the UK from the Channel and North Sea coast of France.
“At European level, the French and British governments will act together to: … Strengthen the operational role of Frontex, in the spirit of the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, especially through developing operational co-operation between Frontex and third countries, establishing joint European return flights and ensuring adequate resources.
“Develop co-operation with third countries, of origin or transit, and with a specific focus on key North and West African countries, including through co-development and capacity-building measures as well as conclusion and implementation of readmission agreements, within the Global Approach to Migration that represents the European Union’s roadmap according to the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum….
Click here for full English text.
Click here for the French text: Déclaration franco-britannique sur l’immigration. | 2019-04-23T21:58:56Z | https://migrantsatsea.org/category/states/uk/ |
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48 Antibiotic Resistance of Non-Pneumococcal Streptococci and Its Clinical Impact 699 Table 2 Erythromycin, clindamycin, ketolide and tetracycline resistance of viridans Antibiotic resistance a group streptococci Number of strains Isolation site Ooropharynx Oral and nasal Normal flora Blood Erythromycin R Erythromycin I R Clindamycin R Clindamycin I R Telithromycin R Tetracycline R Tetracycline I R Year Country References Greece (35) Japan (50) Finland (33) Finland (34) 200 84 161 108 77 66 191 211 90 77 418 57 107 352 68 438 38.
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Will Congress Legalize Trump’s Golan Heights Announcement?
President Donald Trump, first via Twitter and later with a more formal presidential order, upended over 50 years of US policy regarding a state’s occupation of territory attained through military conquest when he recognized the occupied Golan Heights as Israeli territory. Since Israel seized the Golan Heights from Syria during the 1967 War, the international community—including the United States—has maintained that the territory must be returned to Syria in keeping with the norms and laws crafted after World War II whose aim is to prevent states from unilaterally taking territory by the use of military force.
The practical effects of this decision, in terms of policy, are fairly negligible. Israel has controlled the Golan Heights since it captured the sprawling and water-rich hills and it moved in 1981 to apply Israeli law and administration over the area and its citizens. In effect, Israel annexed the territory long ago. Trump’s decision, however, raises questions about US posture toward land grabs made during war, regardless of the justification and reasons for the fighting. Rules set out in the United Nations charter are clear: there can be no territorial expansion by conquest. Is the United States reneging on that international legal commitment?
Lawmakers have largely been in favor of the president’s decision. In fact, over the last year or more, Republican senators and representatives have lobbied for this very decision. Senator Lindsey Graham (R-South Carolina) urged the president to make the announcement shortly after Graham visited the Golan Heights earlier this month, and he lauded the decision afterward. Previously, in December 2018, Senators Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and Tom Cotton (R-Arkansas) had introduced a resolution stating that it was the sense of Congress that the United States recognizes the Golan Heights as Israeli territory. Republicans and Democrats alike have supported the idea of recognizing Israel’s control over the Golan Heights, in general, for some time.
In celebrating the president’s decision, Senators Cotton and Cruz called on Congress to pass a recent bill of theirs—along with its House counterpart introduced in February 2019 by Rep. Mike Gallagher (R-Wisconsin)—that would codify the recognition of the Golan Heights as Israeli territory.
The question posed to Congress now is whether it will move to formalize this as US law or be content with the president’s decision without pursuing further action. Some fear that this sets a precedent that could see President Trump position US support behind any annexation of land and population as long as he can be persuaded to do it—this should be a troubling thought for the likes of Ukraine, India, Taiwan, and others.
As a matter of US law, however, legal scholars argue that it is quite clear that the president has the constitutional authority to recognize another country’s territorial claims. There are some questions to be asked about whether failing to uphold UN security council resolutions—like those deeming the Golan Heights occupied territory (see here and here)—would go against US constitutional responsibility to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” This would include UN law since the United States is bound to the United Nations via treaty and the Constitution expressly includes such treaties as part of the “supreme Law of the Land.” Ultimately, though, it is unlikely that enough members of Congress would be willing to challenge the president on this issue, never mind whether a judicial challenge to the president’s authorities might even succeed.
With Congress unwilling or unable to apply safeguards and stop such a decision, the question remains: will lawmakers move to codify US recognition of the Golan Heights as Israeli territory? Given Cotton’s and Cruz’s responses to the president’s declaration, there is definitely an appetite to do just that, at least among the most pro-Israel members of Congress. The legislation offered by the senators and Rep. Gallagher indicates that, any time after their bills were to become law, any reference to “Israel” for matters concerning foreign commerce and appropriations would include the Golan Heights. Some lawmakers who applauded the move likely fear that a future president could undo the presidential directive with the stroke of a pen—and they are correct. With that possibility in mind, advocates for the decision want Congress to act in order to prevent a future president from reversing US policy.
There is less interest for this kind of move on Capitol Hill, however. First, many worry that it would embolden Israel to annex the West Bank. Indeed, after the presidential order alone, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was confident enough to proclaim that Israel could move toward full or partial annexation of the West Bank next. In addition, senior lawmakers are wary of tying the hands of any future president when it comes to the possibility of Arab-Israeli peace negotiations. If, in the future, Syria and Israel resurrect land-for-peace negotiations, it would be difficult for a president to go to Congress and ask lawmakers to repeal a law that mandated US recognition of the Golan Heights as Israeli territory.
For now, Congress is unlikely to pass any law formalizing President Trump’s decision. Moving forward, observers must wait and see how Trump and his administration hope to implement the decision to understand whether it was anything more than a political gift for Netanyahu. For more about Golan Heights policy developments, check out other ACW work (here and here).
Congratulating 40 Years of Peace between Egypt and Israel. That same day, Senator John Boozman (R-Arkansas) introduced S. Res. 121 to applaud the 40 years since the peace treaty was signed by Egypt and Israel.
Human Rights Certifications for Arms Sales. Senator Cardin introduced another bill (S. 854) that would adjust the human rights certifications necessary to approve arms sales to some of the United States’ more troublesome security partners.
Anti-Semitism Resolution. After the House passed an all-encompassing anti-hate resolution, some members of Congress were still reeling from the fact that it did not address anti-Semitism alone. For that reason, Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas) is expected to introduce a resolution this week focused solely on anti-Semitism and it is anticipated to be a symbolic rebuke of Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minnesota), though she is not named specifically.
The Prospects for a Resolution to Yemen’s Conflict. On March 21, the National Council on US-Arab Relations held a briefing titled “Yemen: How Near or Distant a Resolution to its Present Conflict” on the Senate side of Capitol Hill to discuss prospects for ending the war in Yemen. Among the speakers were the Yemeni ambassador to the United States as well as the State Department’s top official overseeing Arabian Peninsula affairs. They brought a valuable but not commonly acknowledged piece of advice for congressional staff: be careful what messages you send. The speakers argued that even though congressional actions like the War Powers Resolution can pressure the Saudis and their allies in their fight against the Houthi rebels, the Houthis often read those as affirmations of their struggle and may be less likely to negotiate in good faith.
Egypt: Constitutionalizing Authoritarianism. On March 25, the Freedom Initiative brought together activists for a congressional briefing on Egypt’s attempts to formally extend President Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi’s reign.
Oversight and Budget Hearings. Acting Secretary of Defense Patrick Shanahan appeared before the House Armed Services Committee on March 26 and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is due before the House Foreign Affairs and House Appropriations Committees on March 27. The hearings are specifically meant for understanding the administration’s budget requests, but they also allow lawmakers to question administration officials on specific policies, especially those relevant to the Middle East and North Africa.
President Trump Formally Recognizes Israeli Sovereignty over Golan Heights. On March 25, after first tweeting about recognizing Israel’s sovereignty over the occupied Golan Heights, President Trump signed an official proclamation that reorients US policy, stating plainly that the United States supports Israel’s territorial claims to the territory.
State Department Approves Billions in Military Planes for Morocco. On March 25, the State Department announced that it had approved the potential sale of F-16C/D Block 72 jets and upgrades to preexisting F-16s to Morocco.
Secretary Pompeo Meets with Egyptian Foreign Minister. On March 26, Secretary Pompeo met with Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry to discuss US-Egypt relations and congratulate Egypt on 40 years of peace with Israel.
Treasury Announces New Rounds of Sanctions on Iranians, Oil Shipping Operation. On March 22, the Department of the Treasury announced that it had levied sanctions on yet another group of Iranian citizens. This time, the United States is targeting individuals and entities that once played a role in building up the Iranian nuclear program and a separate network of individuals and entities that have established a network to evade US sanctions. Finally, Treasury updated a list of vessels accused of the illicit transfer of oil benefitting Syria and Iran.
US Military to Use Oman’s Duqm Port. The Omani government has decided to allow the United States to use its Duqm Port as part of a larger framework agreement, according to reports. | 2019-04-19T14:45:25Z | http://arabcenterdc.org/congressional_corner/will-congress-legalize-trumps-golan-heights-announcement/ |
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[^A]Comparison Rates will vary for each customer between 6.64% and up to 16.76% (and annual percentage rates between 4.32% to 14.25%) depending primarily on your credit score and other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. Comparison rates of 9.17% are available to around 70% of potential customers with a credit score of 600 and above, who also satisfy other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. These figures are based on modelling by Toyota Finance. [†A] $107 per week are available on a Toyota Access Consumer Loan to approved personal applicants of Toyota Finance to finance the purchase of a Toyota Corolla SX Sedan Manual with Toyota Safety Sense (Silver Ash and Black (Fabric)) Manual, 1.8L Petrol . Driveaway price of $25440 (includes 12 months registration, 12 months compulsory third party insurance, dealer delivery and stamp duty), less a deposit of $1500, with 47 monthly payments in arrears not exceeding $460 and a balloon final payment (equal to the ‘GFV’) of $8650. Additional interest charges accrue whenever a balloon final payment option is selected. Based on an annual percentage rate of 6.81 %. Total amount payable $30271. Terms, conditions, fees and charges apply. Offer valid until 21/04/2019. Comparison Rate of 9.17% is based on a 5 year secured consumer fixed rate loan of $30,000. WARNING: This comparison rate is true only for the examples given and may not include all fees and charges. Different terms, fees or other loan amounts might result in a different comparison rate. Toyota Finance is a division of Toyota Finance Australia Limited ABN 48 002 435 181, AFSL and Australian Credit Licence 392536. The Guaranteed Future Value ('GFV') is the minimum value of your new or approved demonstrator Toyota at the end of your finance contract, as determined by Toyota Finance, subject to fair wear and tear conditions and agreed kilometres being met (up to 60000 km). Please speak with your dealer for more information.
[^B]Comparison Rates will vary for each customer between 6.64% and up to 16.76% (and annual percentage rates between 4.32% to 14.25%) depending primarily on your credit score and other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. Comparison rates of 9.17% are available to around 70% of potential customers with a credit score of 600 and above, who also satisfy other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. These figures are based on modelling by Toyota Finance. [†B] $102 per week are available on a Toyota Access Consumer Loan to approved personal applicants of Toyota Finance to finance the purchase of a Toyota Corolla SX Sedan Manual (Silver Ash and Black (Fabric)) Manual, 1.8L Petrol . Driveaway price of $24690 (includes 12 months registration, 12 months compulsory third party insurance, dealer delivery and stamp duty), less a deposit of $1500, with 47 monthly payments in arrears not exceeding $442 and a balloon final payment (equal to the ‘GFV’) of $8650. Additional interest charges accrue whenever a balloon final payment option is selected. Based on an annual percentage rate of 6.81 %. Total amount payable $29425. Terms, conditions, fees and charges apply. Offer valid until 21/04/2019. Comparison Rate of 9.17% is based on a 5 year secured consumer fixed rate loan of $30,000. WARNING: This comparison rate is true only for the examples given and may not include all fees and charges. Different terms, fees or other loan amounts might result in a different comparison rate. Toyota Finance is a division of Toyota Finance Australia Limited ABN 48 002 435 181, AFSL and Australian Credit Licence 392536. The Guaranteed Future Value ('GFV') is the minimum value of your new or approved demonstrator Toyota at the end of your finance contract, as determined by Toyota Finance, subject to fair wear and tear conditions and agreed kilometres being met (up to 60000 km). Please speak with your dealer for more information.
[^C]Comparison Rates will vary for each customer between 6.64% and up to 16.76% (and annual percentage rates between 4.32% to 14.25%) depending primarily on your credit score and other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. Comparison rates of 9.17% are available to around 70% of potential customers with a credit score of 600 and above, who also satisfy other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. These figures are based on modelling by Toyota Finance. [†C] $114 per week are available on a Toyota Access Consumer Loan to approved personal applicants of Toyota Finance to finance the purchase of a Toyota Corolla SX Sedan CVT with Toyota Safety Sense (Moonlight and Black (Fabric)) Automatic, 1.8L Petrol . Driveaway price of $27690 (includes 12 months registration, 12 months compulsory third party insurance, dealer delivery and stamp duty), less a deposit of $1500, with 47 monthly payments in arrears not exceeding $490 and a balloon final payment (equal to the ‘GFV’) of $9979. Additional interest charges accrue whenever a balloon final payment option is selected. Based on an annual percentage rate of 6.81 %. Total amount payable $33010. Terms, conditions, fees and charges apply. Offer valid until 21/04/2019. Comparison Rate of 9.17% is based on a 5 year secured consumer fixed rate loan of $30,000. WARNING: This comparison rate is true only for the examples given and may not include all fees and charges. Different terms, fees or other loan amounts might result in a different comparison rate. Toyota Finance is a division of Toyota Finance Australia Limited ABN 48 002 435 181, AFSL and Australian Credit Licence 392536. The Guaranteed Future Value ('GFV') is the minimum value of your new or approved demonstrator Toyota at the end of your finance contract, as determined by Toyota Finance, subject to fair wear and tear conditions and agreed kilometres being met (up to 60000 km). Please speak with your dealer for more information.
[^D]Comparison Rates will vary for each customer between 6.64% and up to 16.76% (and annual percentage rates between 4.32% to 14.25%) depending primarily on your credit score and other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. Comparison rates of 9.17% are available to around 70% of potential customers with a credit score of 600 and above, who also satisfy other relevant criteria determined by Toyota Finance. These figures are based on modelling by Toyota Finance. [†D] $109 per week are available on a Toyota Access Consumer Loan to approved personal applicants of Toyota Finance to finance the purchase of a Toyota Corolla SX Sedan CVT (Moonlight and Black (Fabric)) Automatic, 1.8L Petrol . Driveaway price of $26940 (includes 12 months registration, 12 months compulsory third party insurance, dealer delivery and stamp duty), less a deposit of $1500, with 47 monthly payments in arrears not exceeding $472 and a balloon final payment (equal to the ‘GFV’) of $9979. Additional interest charges accrue whenever a balloon final payment option is selected. Based on an annual percentage rate of 6.81 %. Total amount payable $32164. Terms, conditions, fees and charges apply. Offer valid until 21/04/2019. Comparison Rate of 9.17% is based on a 5 year secured consumer fixed rate loan of $30,000. WARNING: This comparison rate is true only for the examples given and may not include all fees and charges. Different terms, fees or other loan amounts might result in a different comparison rate. Toyota Finance is a division of Toyota Finance Australia Limited ABN 48 002 435 181, AFSL and Australian Credit Licence 392536. The Guaranteed Future Value ('GFV') is the minimum value of your new or approved demonstrator Toyota at the end of your finance contract, as determined by Toyota Finance, subject to fair wear and tear conditions and agreed kilometres being met (up to 60000 km). Please speak with your dealer for more information. | 2019-04-20T17:17:25Z | https://gilgandratoyota.dealer.toyota.com.au/new-vehicles/corolla/sx/sedan |
The founder of the Hizb Al Nahda (Renaissance Party), Rashid Gannoushi, was arrested, tortured, exiled and made to live for many years outside Tunisia. He returned to his native land after 20 years of absence on January 30, 2011, in the aftermath of the popular unrest that ousted Zine Al Abidine Bin Ali from the presidency. Because of the many uncertainties surrounding Tunisia and the anticipated Constituent Assembly elections, now scheduled for October 23, the very future of democracy in the country was in jeopardy. Gannoushi's views and putative roles were critical and worthy of a careful investigation if for no other reason than to affirm how an Islamist supported democratisation.
Long before the 2010 demonstrations, which were precipitated by poor living conditions and high unemployment for the vast majority of Tunisians, young men and women who were educated overseas and who envisaged a society where political freedoms were the norm, mobilised against the Bourguiba and Bin Ali governments. Gannoushi, who hailed from Al Hama, in the Qabis province of southern Tunisia, lived for several years in Cairo, Damascus and Paris, which emancipated his outlook. Upon his return to his native land, the young Gannoushi founded the Harakat Al Ittijah Al Islami (Islamic Tendency Movement, better known by its French acronym MTI — Mouvement de Tendances Islamiques) in April 1981, an organisation that was quickly banned for harbouring Islamist affinities.
There was no doubt that Gannoushi was influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Syria, even if his chief objection at the time was towards various secular ideological principles incorporated by Tunis. Whether he became a Salafi — the way the word is understood today — was an entirely different proposition, though the young man was persuaded that social reforms based on the true principles of Islam were the salvation that his nation sorely demanded. In one of his more poignant declarations, Gannoushi said: "I remember we used to feel like strangers in our own country. After having been educated as Muslims and Arabs, we found our own country totally moulded in the French cultural identity." This he rejected. What he and his supporters wanted was to promote Islamic principles, highlight and explain differences between these and Western ideologies, and live exemplary lives whenever possible.
After 1988, Tunis tolerated the MTI and similar movements that, for the most part, focused on moral concerns. Earlier, the Bourguiba regime did not perceive Islamists as a threat to the state, whose nemesis were the so-called "leftists", and which could be nicely balanced by the MTI and others. Ironically, at one point, even Bourguiba presented himself as favouring Islamic principles. In the event, and in the aftermath of the 1979 Soviet War for Afghanistan, which mobilised Islamist organisations against the USSR and atheism, the MTI took on a far greater political role. Coupled with the 1979 Iranian revolution, the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon and the rise of various movements across the Muslim world, Gannoushi's MTI led to an open confrontation with the regime. The sting was so painful that interior minister Driss Guiga stated in 1981: "We are six million Tunisian Muslims. We are all the Islamic Tendency. No one can accept that certain individuals claim the monopoly of Islam and pretend to act under its name or its sacred values to hide their political goals."
By May 1981, Gannoushi had entered into a political alliance with several other groups and called on the government to recognise the MTI as a political party. Neither Bourguiba nor his interior minister, Bin Ali, were interested and promptly arrested 60 leading members for forming an illegal organisation. At a time when the Tunisian economy was topsy-turvy, MTI officials spoke of prosperity, whereas the state was reduced to micro-management. Calamities followed one after the other. In 1985, a portion of the income flow from Tunisians working in Libya stopped after the maverick Colonel Muammar Gaddafi expelled 40,000 Tunisian workers — ostensibly the result of a downturn in the Libyan economy — because of political considerations, as the maverick colonel practised the "expulsion" tool as a weapon against what he concluded were uncooperative governments. Simultaneously, the Tunisian economy suffered another blow as tourists stayed away after the October 1, 1985, Israeli raid on the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) headquarters near the capital city.
These developments, coupled with high unemployment, improved MTI's popularity as the movement positioned itself as an alternative to the state eager to look after the downtrodden. Tunis banned the group, as a major crackdown became the norm, and which eventually led to an MTI plot that, allegedly, planned to overthrow the Tunisian government and replace it with a religious one. In August 1987, 99 MTI members were charged with "forming an illegal organisation; plotting subversive actions with Iran; and attempting to overthrow the government". Five were sentenced to death while another 69 received verdicts ranging from two years to life imprisonment.
After his coup d'état, Bin Ali reaffirmed Islam as the country's religion and adopted more conciliatory attitudes towards "moderate Islamists". His appeasement granted a general amnesty for imprisoned MTI members, including Gannoushi; the creation of a consultative body empowered to address religious concerns, the High Islamic Council — which, interestingly, welcomed an MTI leader Shaikh Abdul Fateh Mourou to its rosters; the inclusion of the MTI in the National Pact that grouped leading parties to draft fresh participatory rules; allowing Islamists to run for office in the April 2, 1989, elections, albeit as independents; the legalisation of an Islamist student organisation; and the authorisation for Al Fajr, an Islamist newspaper, to publish freely.
Remarkably, Gannoushi adhered to the 1988 law that prohibited the formation of political parties on the basis of religion, region or language and, consequently, changed its name to Harakat Al Nahda or the Renaissance Movement before it formally became a hizb (party).
Unabashedly, Al Nahda envisaged a government that would apply Sharia while proceeding through the democratic process. Indeed, in the April 1989 elections, its "independent" candidates won 15 per cent of the total vote, with up to 40 per cent in major cities including Tunis. Regrettably, not a single parliamentarian was allowed to enter parliament, which led to further arrests and expulsions.
What followed was a series of violent clashes and, while Harakat Al Nahda presented itself as a non-violent political party, Tunis ensured it was implicated in clashes with security forces. Whether all these collisions originated in the MTI or whether they were "encouraged" by the Bin Ali regime needed further elucidation. Suffice it to say that Harakat Al Nahda became "illegal", with its leaders either jailed or exiled. In the post-9/11 environment, president Bin Ali opted for a proactive antiterrorist policy, which gained Western, especially American, backing.
Whether Gannoushi, who lived in London between 1989 and 2011, would once again play a major role in his country's politics remained an unknown proposition. Suffice it to say that writing and delivering countless lectures moulded his thinking. Like most Arabs, he supported various Palestinian movements, including Hamas. Unlike most Islamists, however, he developed an appreciation for multiparty democracy in the country that gave the world the Magna Carta. Long before the uprisings in the Arab world, which started when Mohammad Bouazizi immolated himself on December 17, 2010, in Tunisia, Gannoushi spoke of serious socio-economic reforms. His writings, including the Al Bayan Al Ta'sisi li-Harakat Al Ittijah Al Islami (The Founding Communiqué of the Islamic Tendency Movement), represented what was a progressive strain in Islamic reformism.
In additional writings, he stressed the need for innovation against social injustice and while this was not a fresh idea in the larger scheme of evolving Arab ideologies, he emphasised the importance of culture. In his view a correct Islamist movement took into account the needs of citizens — not just believers — as he distanced himself from "obscure theories", such as the ones espoused by the famous Egyptian Islamist Sayyid Qutb. Again, perhaps because of his observations in Britain, Gannoushi concluded that there was value in the very idea of workers' rights, unions and, the most emancipated view of them all, in women's education. Of course, Islam recognised the value of work and granted women full rights from its inception, though few Islamists could reconcile themselves with such outcomes.
Gannoushi started out opposing the Bourguiba and Bin Ali regimes but entertained pragmatic political views. While he preferred to rely on Sharia, he nevertheless wished to distance himself from the cherry-picking that, regrettably, became fashionable. He maintained, for example, that Islam recognised special roles for women with full rights and privileges, including education. Unlike the Taliban in Afghanistan, he insisted that women receive all the benefits that a community could offer, including access to learning.
In several of his writings, Gannoushi cited oppressive cultural codes in certain countries — especially Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco — as the leading reason why women turned to Western culture away from Islam. Genuine reforms, he argued, needed to address women's rights. In numerous lectures, he frequently called on men to respect women and welcome them to add value to the nation.
An equally powerful argument in Gannoushi's philosophy was his conclusion that pluralistic Muslim societies ought to stress the cultural wealth brought into the realm by non-Muslim citizens.
Towards that end, he repeatedly pointed out that Arab citizens who happened to be non-Muslim ought not be barred from positions in the government, which was a position that was opposed by conservative Islamists. Except for Lebanon, where a political parity existed between Muslims and Christians, no other Arab country tolerated such an outcome according to their respective constitutions, though exceptions existed at certain times for a few well-placed individuals in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Iraq and Bahrain.
For Gannoushi, nevertheless, the key feature of this perspective was to amalgamate citizenship (responsibility) with privileges (rights). On January 22, 2011, in an interview with Al Jazeera TV, Gannoushi confirmed that he opposed an Islamic Caliphate the way it existed in history. Rather, and unlike several other parties that emerged in the new Tunisia, the former Islamist voiced his support for democracy. That, he posited, was the true meaning of Islam.
Rashid Gannoushi was born in 1941 outside Al Hama, in the Qabis province of southern Tunisia, into a relatively prosperous family. After secondary education and a Baccalaureate (high school + 1) in 1962, he enrolled at the University of Zaytunah, destined for a promising career in the sciences. To further enhance his training, he entered the school of agriculture at Cairo University in 1964, which was not the ideal learning forum at the time. When Egypt expelled Tunisians in the mid-1960s, ostensibly because of a dispute between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Habib Bourguiba (the latter was deemed too neutral in the Arab-Israeli conflict and pro-French in other instances), Gannoushi left for Syria. Rather than continue in agriculture, however, the young man opted to study Philosophy at the University of Damascus, from where he graduated in 1968. It was in Damascus that Gannoushi first joined the Socialist Party, which intrigued him for its egalitarian penchants. From Syria, Gannoushi moved to France, where he attended the Sorbonne dabbling in various subjects — including religious studies — before returning to Tunisia. His new goal was to reform Tunisian society through a political organisation that promoted Islamic principles.
In April 1981, Gannoushi founded the Harakat Al Ittijah Al Islami (Islamic Tendency Movement), which promoted anti-violence and called for a "reconstruction of economic life on a more equitable basis, the end of single-party politics and the acceptance of political pluralism and democracy". Notwithstanding democratic aspirations, Gannoushi and his followers were arrested in July 1981, tortured, tried and sentenced to 11 years in prison in Bizerte.
Released in 1984, he returned to prison in 1987 with a life sentence, but was again released in 1988 a few months after the November 1987 bloodless coup d'état against Bourguiba. Gannoushi moved to Britain where he was granted political asylum, became a prolific author and continued to criticise the Tunisian government as corrupt. He returned to Tunis after the regime of president Zine Al Abidine Bin Ali fell in early 2011.
Dr Joseph A. Kéchichian is an author, most recently of Faysal: Saudi Arabia's King for All Seasons (2008).
Published on the third Friday of each month, this article is part of a series on Arab leaders who greatly influenced political affairs in the Middle East. | 2019-04-26T14:35:59Z | https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/a-genuine-islamist-democrat-1.865958 |
The President in his State of the Union address last week proposed increasing the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour to $9, and then indexing it by the rate of inflation. The proposal will not commend itself to most economists who study the economic consequences of minimum wages. They make three principal arguments: minimum wage laws reduce employment (and efficient resource allocation) by pricing labor above its market rate; the laws do not reduce poverty, because most beneficiaries of minimum wage laws are not poor; and as a means of reducing economic inequality, such laws are inferior to the Earned Income Tax Credit (i.e., the negative income tax). I will try to assess these arguments.
effects of minimum wage laws agree that they have a modest disemployment effect concentrated on young persons. But the issue is the effect of a 24 percent increase ($1.75 ÷ $7.25) from the current minimum wage; it could be immodest. The effect will vary from state to state, depending on each state’s minimum wage law. A few states set the minimum wage well above $7.25 and one (Washington) has set it above $9, though only slightly ($9.13). In Connecticut and Illinois the state minimum wage is $8.25, in Oregon $8.95, and in Vermont $8.60. But in most states it is at the federal level and in some states it is below it—and some southern states have no minimum wage at all.
The majority of economists also believe that the minimum wage laws have no effect on the poverty level—except perhaps to increase it. A minimum wage law has no effect on poor people who don’t work, unless they belong to a family that has workers whom the law affects. And because the application of the law depends on the individual’s wage rate rather than on family income, a sizable fraction of those whose wages are affected by such a law are not poor, because they are members of families that are not poor, Many of these beneficiaries of minimum wage laws enjoy family incomes that are twice the poverty level (and thus about $40,000). It has been estimated that only 11 percent of workers paid the minimum wage are actually poor people.
As for the Earned Income Tax Credit, because eligibility depends on family income rather than on the wages of individual family members, the payments do not benefit the nonpoor, except that, to avoid a sharp cliff, eligibility extends beyond the poverty level. A married couple with two children and annual income of $7000 is entitled to an Earned Income Tax Credit of $2810, rising to $5036 if the couple earns $15,000 and falling to $2179 if it earns $35,000.
In analyzing the case for and against a hike in the federal minimum wage, one should bear in mind that a minimum wage law is really a form of redistributive taxation. It’s effectively an earmarked tax on employers. Income is redistributed from businesses, and their customers (because a business hit with higher costs, labor or otherwise, will, if its competitors likewise are hit, be able to pass on some of the cost hike to consumers in the form of higher prices), to workers; additional costs are borne by workers who lose their jobs (or can’t find a job) because they are not worth the minimum wage to any employer. With the minimum wage understood as a form of taxation, the objection to a hike in the minimum wage that it will cause a distortion in the labor market falls away; all taxes create distortions. If as some critics of the President’s proposal advocate, the Earned Income Tax Credit is expanded, this will require an increase in federal taxes or borrowing, measures that also distort markets. Furthermore, the Earned Income Tax Credit is limited to families who have minor children living with them, and so provides no redistribution to poor people who are childless, or whose children are grown.
The fact that the minimum wage mainly benefits workers who are not poor, because they are members of nonpoor families, is a less forceful criticism of the President’s proposal than may appear. The reason is that the poverty line is extremely low. It is $11,170 for a single person and only $23,050 for a family of four. At $7.25 an hour, a minimum wage worker makes only $14,500 in a year if he works 2000 hours a year. That is below the poverty line unless he's single, and if he has minor children and no working spouse he is earning way below the poverty line, although his total income in real terms will be higher because of food stamps, Medicaid, and other benefits available to the poor and the near-poor (though not to all of them; Medicaid for example has quite restrictive eligibility criteria). To recall my earlier example, a worker who makes only $14,500 a year and has two minor children will be eligible for about $5,000 in Earned Income Tax Credit, but his total income will still be below the poverty line for a family of four of $23,050.
As I have argued in previous posts, income inequality has become a serious problem in the United States. The median income in the United States--$50,000—though far above the poverty level, is too low to enable optimal investments in the human capital of children in families whose total incomes are at or below that level, even with the various governmental benefits available to them. Increasing the minimum wage is an inefficient response to the problem, but what is the alternative? What the advocates of increasing the minimum wage have going for them is a widespread sense that people who work full time at menial jobs (as most minimum wage jobs are) should be paid a decent wage, and that $7.25 an hour is no longer a reasonable estimate of a minimally decent wage for such work.
Still, a 24 percent increase is a big jump. A prudent compromise might be to increase the federal minimum wage to $8.25 and study the results over a period of a couple of years.
And I don’t think indexing the minimum wage to inflation is a good idea; should inflation surge, which is always a possibility though not (it seems) an imminent one, an equal increase in the minimum wage might contribute to an inflationary spiral.
It's a red herring -- the White House prefers 1) having a demonizing issue which paints their opponents into a corner than 2) lower unemployment amongst women, teens and minorities.
Logical analysis? -- for the Chicago crowd now transplanted to Washington, it's like the line in "Treasure of the Sierra Madre": "Logic, we don't need no to show you no stinkin' logic".
Why is income inequality a serious problem in US?
Just something for the govt to "fix".
Median income (50,000) is too low to enable optimal investments in children of families at/below 50,000. I paraphrased (accurately I believe). What does that mean??
On the other hand thanks for this bit of clarity: " a minimum wage law is really a form of redistributive taxation."
If raising the minimum wage to $9 per hour results in a net economic benefit to the nation, it will be purely accidental. The notion that something like Posner's careful analysis preceded the president's decision to give it a ballyhoo position in his State of the Union address stretches one's most charitable inclinations.
I think he means that there are still gains to be had for the children of families at or below median income.
Gains that can't be provided unless more resources (income) are brought to bear.
Gains that are supplemented by many of the govt programs (e.g., head start) out there targeting the children of low to middle income families.
With the prevalence of the internet most of the gains to society are to be had in redistributing resources to investing in the children of the below 100 IQ crowd. Those above can, more so than ever before, take care of themselves.
When all the lumber yards in town agree amongst themselves to charge $4 for an 8-foot 2x4, it's called price fixing. When all the laborers of an employer conspire to demand an artificially high price for their output, it's called a union. I am once again struck by the administration's disingenuous villification of employers, ruthless businessmen doing wrong for profit, taking advantage of the unskilled. This law is in effect telling employers, if you hire poor people, you are obligated to give them charity. I assert that the obligation to give charity, if it exists at all, exists for all of us, and not just those who actually interact with the poor.
There are people in the world whose productivity justifies $7.25 an hour, and there are people whose productivity justifies $7.26 an hour, etc., and there are people who are rightfully $9 workers. As a businessman seeking value for my money, if the minimum wage is $7.25 I am never going to retain a worker whose productivity does not justify at least $7.25, but I may choose to pay more and hire smarter people in some positions when their productivity does so justify. If the $9 law takes that choice out of my hands, I will act intelligently and go get $9 worth of productivity for my mandatory $9 expense. I will fire all those duds that are only worth $7.25, and replace them with people who are worth $9 - and I should only need about 8 of them to get the same output. It's not that complicated, except perhaps for a leader who's never actually worked a day of his life in the private sector.
I'd just like to mention that childless workers are indeed eligible for the EITC, although the amount of the credit they are eligible for is quite modest. (Many experts, such as the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, strongly support increasing the value of the EITC for these low-income childless workers.) Additionally, families with children are eligible for the credit until their children reach the age of 24, so long as they are full-time students.
It is my understanding that in order to truly combat poverty and income inequality, and to ensure that working full-time raises families above even the relatively low standard of the poverty line, it would require a balance of raising the minimum wage somewhat, AND improving the EITC, including increasing the credit amount for childless workers.
To you knowledge, has there been any work examining the potential market-wide effects of enacting improvements to BOTH policies simultaneously?
Just came across your blog and found it really interesting. I have just started a blog with a colleague and are looking for inspiration – keep up the good work – cheers!
Apologies for another aside. But I was just watching one of your interviews on The Big Think. Great stuff. What a gift to have lived in an age where both you and Ronald Dworkin were alive, and able to exchange thoughts and trade criticisms. I actually believe in what Harold Berman used to call "integrative jurisprudence," and thus I derive great enjoyment from reading Dworkin, you, and Holmes.
This detached economic analysis is helpful in framing the issue. But once we do, we should remember that minimum wage laws are intended to serve a purpose beyond merely "to enable optimal investments in the human capital of children," pressing as that objective may be. Like many of our interventions into the labor market, minimum wage laws seek to protect the poor from certain degradations that we deem to violate the baseline of human dignity which every American may expect, independent of his or her economic station. Here, that indignity might be described as the hopelessness and embarrassment of accepting that the value of one's efforts is less than the cost of his or her sustenance. And so even having identified an efficiency disadvantage of the minimum wage as compared to the EITC or other more direct subsidies, in promoting the economic well-being of the poor, the question becomes: is this relative efficiency disadvantage cost-justified in view of the social protection offered by minimum wage laws? The late Arthur Okun eloquently describes this calculus in "Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff."
How this question should be resolved, and even whether protecting this form of dignity is a worthwhile normative goal (and minimum wage laws an effective means to that end), are complicated policy questions. But to omit these variables from the debate fails to take full account of the proposal's costs and benefits.
Vaughn's post posits an interesting predicament: "the value of one's efforts is less than the cost of his or her sustenance".
If the cost of our federal government is $3 trillion this year and we have 300 million people, each American's share of the bill is on the order of $10k. Anyone who pays less than that is freeriding - but none of them seems the least bit "embarrassed", though some do exhibit "hopelessness".
I think the American way is to call a spade a spade and treat everyone fairly, and what we specifically need in our time is for more people, not fewer, to be confronted with the fact that they don't pull their weight - and then we should demand that they either pull harder or lose weight.
Employers are indecent to not pay a man a wage that pays their bills. Support the passage of legislation of $9.00 an hour. Hillary Clinton would have had the minimum wagers in the soup lines starving because the moment you get a raise..the company would lay off the entire crew and rehire at the minimum wage level to cut company expenses or send the job overseas to get their products made with $2.00 hour labor in China/Japan/India/ or Mexico!! Give us our pay to cover rent,utilities, food, auto ins, health ins, etc...and recreation.
Support my petition to the congress/senate.
Karla Jordan, your accusation is unfounded. Employers are not the indecent ones. EMPLOYEES are indecent, to demand a wage higher than their productivity justifies, and then when they cannot convince employers to pay it voluntarily, to use the law to bully employers into disadvantageous contracts.
I know of no definitive studies that show any impact on unemployment, either increasing it or decreasing it. But the chatter that raising the minimum wage increases unemployment continues with no supporting data. My best estimate is that unemployment changes due to mw hikes are lost in the noise caused by other economic impactors. We know that mw increases will be spent because they go to those paid the least--those struggling to get by. It's also likely that they will spend their money at businesses where the mw is paid. How is this a bad thing?
Minimum wage a redistributive tax? Maybe it is. But certainly SNAP and other benefits paid to mw earners now is a subsidy to the likes of Walmart and other businesses who pay their employees very low wages and cannot make a go of it w/o such assistance. How is that not a redistributive tax going to businesses??????
Let's go back to the 1967/1968 when the minimum wages were $1.40 and $1.60, respectively. Run either number through an inflation adjuster and one finds that the equivalent mw today would be $10.00+/- $0.50 There is nothing sacred about the mws of 1967 or 1968, but they seem like a reasonable baseline from the quaint old days when people gave a rat's behind about others.
There were no minimum wage increases during the Nixon years, none during the 8 years of Reagan, none from 1997 through the Bush 2 years until 2007 when the Democrats controlled the Congress. See the pattern here? This suggests that the refusal to grant increases in the minimum wage is purely ideologically driven. We know there is tremendous and increasing income disparity in this country, yet conservatives refuse to address the problem. They claim there are other ways to deal with the problem, which they will not support anyway. And yes, the EITC is just another subsidy for businesses at the government's expense. Why pay your employees more if the government will pick up the tab?
I know. Krugman is a liberal, but the is CBO data that is is presenting. Per capita GDP increase more or less linearly from 1950 to present with a slowdown in the 1970s (oil embargo). Median family income keeps pace more or less until about 1980 where it loses a lot of ground to productivity.
So, you are wrong. Employees will get away with paying as low a wage as they possible can. And right now, they can offer as little in terms of wages and benefits as they choose. | 2019-04-26T00:17:13Z | https://www.becker-posner-blog.com/2013/02/should-the-minimum-wage-be-raised-to-9posner.html |
It's hard to believe that a name as unusual as "Mottershead" could have so many different family lines, but it seems there are!
This site is aimed at dealing specifically with my lineage within the Mottershead tree (although it contains references to other family names including "Hall", "Gaskell", "Seel", "Evans" and "Critchlow"). There's no doubt we Mottersheads are all related somewhere, as the name appears to have a common root in the township of Mottram St. Andrew in Cheshire, England. There are however variations on a theme as to how the name "Mottershead" actually came about.
It has been suggested that it was to this region that descendants of a Norman Knight "Mottresheved" (or maybe the Knight himself) came after the Norman invasion of Britain by William the Conqueror in 1066. It seems however that the name "Mottresheved" theory is extremely unlikely, as (according to one modern-day Mottershead who is a French graduate with an emphasis in Medieval French) that "name" doesn't bear any resemblance to a name in French. So nice though that idea may be, it seems we can discount it.
"Isdem Gamel tenet Motre. Pater ejus tenuit. Ibi i hida et dimidia geldabiles. Terra est iiii caracates. Wasta est. Ibi silva iii leuvis longa et ii lata et ii haiae et aira accipitris."
The father of this Gamel, the King's Thane De Tettesworth, is indicated as being born about 1028: "Wolfric, Lord of Leek, Aldithley, and Balterley, in the county of Stafford; of Croxton, Etchells, and many other places in the county of Chester, married a daughter of William Poncius, Count of Arques and Thoulousse, son of Richard II, Duke of Normandy. They had issue, Gamel de Tettesworth; Walthens, Lord of Etchells, Bredbury, and Brinnington; Ranulphus; and Orme de Davenport" [John Burke, History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. IV, R. Bentley, London, 1834, p. 757, Stansfeld, of Burley Park], Gamel's mother was born about 1010: "Daughter of William Poncius, Count of Arques and Thoulousse, son of Richard II, Duke of Normandy; she was cousin to William the Conqueror and sister to Richard FitzPontz who married the heiress of Clifford Castle and founded the baronial family of de Clifford" [John Burke, History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. IV, R. Bentley, London, 1834, p. 757, Stansfeld, of Burley Park].
An ancient l2th century deed without date records: "Gamel lord of Mottram gave William his son and heir, all that land in Mottersheved in the vill of Mottram with the messuage and other its appurtenances, from which place he was called William de Mottershead and his descendants Mottershead of Mottram". (Harl. MS. 2146 f.95d 1692).
Another (US) reference suggests the origin of the name to be "composed of the ancient Saxon personal name of MODHERE, which means "courageous army", and HEVED or HEAD, a shortened form of Headland". As we have previously discounted the concept of the name originating from this type of derivation, we can probably presume this to be unlikely.
Yet another name derivation suggests it to be: "a habitational name from a lost place in the parish of Mottram, Cheshire, recorded in the 13th century as Mottresheved, from the genitive case of the Old English byname Motere 'speaker' + Middle English heved 'head(land)', 'hill'" (Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press).
A family theory for the origin of the name was one held dear by my Grandfather Harry, who maintained that the name resulted from a compression of the place name and location of a waterfall on the Bollin - which flows close to Mottram St. Andrew - when described in Old English: Mott-a-shed. It is probably unlikely that we will ever know the true origin, but it has, I'm sure, and will in the future, be the cause of much family conjecture!
The earliest definite records of the name in England include those of Robert de Mottresheved, who was living in Cheshire as early as 1303, and in 1309 concerned in a legal transaction; Richard de Mottershead, of Mottram, who in 1337 sold lands (with his wife Margery) in Over Alderly (Cheshire). Richard was the father by his wife Margery of a son Roger, whose son - another "Richard" - performed jury service in 1370. His son Edmund Mottershead, was living and holding lands in Mottram in 1394 and an "Edmund" is listed as giving jury service in 1436 and 1438, although it may not be the same Edmund; those of John de Mottershead, of Motram, in 1415; those of Edmund de Mottershead, of Mottram, in 1437; John de Mottershead, of Mottram, 1443 and Richard de Mottershead, of Mottram, appeared on the jury at an inquest following the death of Joan Davenport in 1443, and Richard occurs in a list of Cheshire gentlemen living in the Macclesfield Hundred in 1445 and again in 1460 and 1467. Two generations later, Edward and John Mottershead are named in 1517 when they were parties to a grant of land to Geoffrey Mottershead of Mottram Andrew. This record mentions the brothers Geoffrey, Nicholas, John, and Ralph Mottershead of Mottram, of whom the first (Geoffrey) was the father of at least two sons, John and Thomas(1). Thomas(1) Mottershead, of Mottram was living in the year 1580, when he and his son Geoffrey were listed as "gentlemen of Cheshire". Thomas(1) was the father of three sons, Geoffrey, Thomas(2), and Hugh. Geoffrey Mottershead was a man of some importance and was called to jury service on many occasions. Thomas(2) married Mary Wyche, of Alderly, in Cheshire, and had issue by her of a son named Thomas(3) who was lieutenant in Colonel Bradshaw's regiment at the battle of Worcester. Thomas(3) by his wife Martha had two sons Adam, Mayor of Macclesfield in 1680, who died without issue; Samuel, Mayor of Macclesfield in 1686; and three daughters, Mary, Joan and Martha.
A separate line of the ancient Cheshire line resulted in Joseph Mottershead, who was resident (in ??odley - possibly Woodley?) near Stockport, about the year 1680. He had a son named Joseph, who made his home at Manchester, England, and was first married to Elizabeth Bennet, of the County of Chester, who died 1718. To this union were two daughters Elizabeth and Sarah, as well as a son who died without progeny. By his second wife, the Widow Margaret (née Hallowes) Gaskel, whom he married in 1720. Joseph had no further issue.
Sir Reginald Mottershead was listed as having fought under Henry IV and Henry Prince of Wales at the Battle of Shrewsbury (21st July, 1403).
The information on this site has been collected from family members, and particularly from my 2nd cousin Mary Leeb and aunt "Peggy", to whom I give my heartfelt thanks, and whom are both now sadly deceased. I hope that maybe I can add more information from relatives out there in cyberspace with stories and genealogy!
Trying to figure out how to display the family tree on this site has given me many restless nights, and I still don't feel I've come up with a suitable method. My problem is, that although I've aimed at presenting my own line, in doing this I've included as many descendants of Peter and Hannah Mottershead (my great-great grandfather and mother) as I can. The result is a list of 80 or so people, all related! What I've done is try to put a single generation on each page, (although if I'm close to the end of a line of descendency, I've often added the children to the one page, rather than making a separate one for them), and then tried to put as many "links" forward and backward in direct forebear/descendant pages as I can. It is a little confusing! If anyone can suggest a simpler way, please let me know!! Likewise, if anyone has any corrections or additions, please let me know those too.
Kindest regards to all my relatives, close and distant!
Click on the page title names below to go to those pages.
To start at my name and work back, click here (my immediate lineage is in bold type).
The names shown in this table are grouped by generation, with the oldest to the right.
John Hall and Ellen ??
Samuel Hall and Mary Ann ?? | 2019-04-26T06:30:16Z | http://www.mottershead.org/ |
It's not good for my plantar fasciitis, but I really do love those shoes.
Not only do those shoes feel so comfortable, I love the concept of "With every pair sold, TOMS donates a new pair of shoes to a child in need.".
I remembered when I was a teenager that "espadrilles was a hit in the 80's-90's" And I remembered that my friends and I had matching colors to match. Haahaa. Anyways,the first time I saw Tom's shoes was at the mall and it just reminded me of those espadrilles. Then I saw on twitter and researched on it. I went to Nordtrom's and tried it on and Loved it! BUT most of all, I loved the concept of "With every pair sold, TOMS donates a new pair of shoes to a child in need".
Last Year was their 3rd Annual "ONe Day without shoes". So J.T and I walked the Streets of San Fro without shoes".
This year "One Day without shoes" was on a spring break again and the boys and I walked to the park, beach and was at LAX without shoes. And yes, I saw some people walking down the pier and LAX without shoes and we all smiled. Haahaa.
It's kind of gross haahaa, but when I think about the people especially the Children who does not have any shoes, it motivates me to help them even more.
Spring break started on April Fools....No, seriously. April 1st was on Friday and I didn't have enough time to do some crazy pranks for the kids. However, I was still able to pull some pranks on them. I told them we were going to have cereal on friday. Which by the way they were not happy because cereal day is only on thursday. Anyways, Jake wanted Cocoa Pebbles ( placed real pebbles inside the box) and JT wanted Cocoa puffs, and placed (cottons). The boys started laughing. They thought they were going to eat eggs and pancakes, but I told them nahh, you are eating the cereal. They thought that was the prank.
and looked and read at their projects and journal.
We are so grateful for all their accomplishments this year.
I love shopping, shoe shopping even better. And when I go to DSW, I feel like a little girl in a candy store. (minus the sugar) of course.
I love trying on trendy shoes and looking for classic ones.
THEN, I saw These BEAUTIFUL Pair of shoes.
They were in the sale rack..(shockingly), and it was marked 80% off.
when I checked the size it was size 8!!!
And European shoes are totally diff. from American made shoes.
Those Sergio Rossi's were gorgeous and it was narrow and ran very tight and small.
I've walked around the store many times with those shoes.
I almost bought it.After all they said "Suffer for fashion"
But I had to give it up when I got to the cashier.
Maybe next time, they might have Mahnolos or Loubotin's there.
she played reached for the stars and uno with the boys.
I miss my Mom already, we love her and shes the best Mom and Lola ever!
After months of planning lunch together. My friend Luisa her cute son Jake and I met at BJ's.
in Cerritos. Since they moved to OC. This is where our meeting place is for lunch.
her tiny bump. ( she's due late Summer).
She was also able to share that she's having a ....... SURPRISE.
Anyways, Jake is sooo cute and I loved hearing him say "never mind". Love that kid!
We talked and talked and we were very good and did not order pizookie. I KNOW!
Last week, my Mom and I went to Trader Joe's and bought daffodils. The next day it blossomed into these pretty flowers.
Next month, Target is having a "designers comeback". Huffington Post " Target is celebrating the five-year anniversary of its GO International program by re-releasing 34 dresses from its past 17 designer collaborations. So if you missed them the first time around, boy, are you in luck! They'll hit stores and Target.com come March 13. And the best part? We've flipped through the lookbook (repeatedly) and none of the frocks are priced higher than $44.99."..
I want Proenza, Thakoon,Behnaz Sarafpour, Alice Temperly,Jovovich Hawk. I'm stoked!
Here's another spring fave of mine.
The first time I heard her song Chasing Pavements and Cold Shoulder, I became an instant fan! She is Uber talented young artist. Her voice is very refreshing and and very stunning.
So, when I heard her on the Ellen show last yr. and loved the song. It's AH-MAZING!
Well, because I can't "embed" the video. You can watch it here..
Then heard this song again while promoting the movie "I am number four".
What a very busy week we've had. Sent out lots of XOXO last Monday's Valentine's Day. The boys did not have school however, I still had to work that day. A Beautiful poem, red roses, lots of kisses and hugs make it "extra special". With V-day landing on a monday, we went to our family favorite restaurant Mimi's cafe with my Mom and brother.
Wednesday was my DH's Birthday. Since having kids, we decided to celebrate Vday with the fam, Birthday with the fam then a separate "date night" on a weekend.
Thursday was our friend Maria and her son's birthday. They invited us and met at her office, rode a limousine to "rock sugar" at Century City. The boys let their wiggles out while in the limousine and behaved well and ate dinner well. The restaurant was great and food was very interesting with different "pan asian" cuisine-ish taste,texture and very delish. If you love Cheesecake Factory and Grand Luxe Cafe, you'll definitely love this restaurant :}}.
Friday was a lovely date night with my DH. Rain, movie, popcorn and an awesome Mom to watch the boys. What more can you ask for.
Nooooooooooooooo, I am not 4 months pregnant. It has been a very, very busy 4 months in our household. My boys are growing up so fast that I could not keep up with the blogging world. I am sure everyone can agree that FB and Twitter are way much easy to access nowadays. Well blogging world, you should try to have an "app" so it would be easier for us to blog too. HA!
I will really try my best to update and post pictures as soon as I get my groove back. HA!
Sorry I haven't posted. Updates coming soon!!!
Two of our favorite shows ended in May. Lost and 24 were one of our many, many favorite TV shows. Even though I was a little "lost" watching LOST, I still watched the Series finale and even threw a party for my DH.
24 - "shut it down"
Having said that, I still have some of my guilty pleasures on TV, too many to mention :)) and even though I am Team Edward.
I've started and will also always be Team Jack!!!
Summer Lovin here we come!
I know...I know... It's almost end of the month, Eclipse has been out for a month and I am late with my Summer post.
3 other families from Church.
We were shocked we made it to Hollywood so soon. We went to Mann Chinese Theater to kill time. We didnt know it was Michael Jackson's 1 yr death anniversary and there were reporters and flowers on his "hollywood star"
After the movie we went to the Toy Story Carnival or Toy Story 3 Fun Zone.
There sooo many pics to post. There was bike contest,bean the alien,barrel of monkeys and art zone.
...NOT! These are not your typical Roach Coach! These are one of the best "Lunch Turck in LA". Kogi BBQ tops our list. It's Korean Beef tacos. For dessert the Best Hawaiian Shaved ice :)) YUM!
MY DS enjoyed his first season of baseball. He played all around. His favorite part sliding down the home plate! Great yr for the A's!!!
We miss the SUN! Jake said " I think the Sun is asleep". I know right!!! It's summer and it's been in the 60's here in So. Cal. But the weather doesnt stop the boys from going to the beach or jumping in the pool. They love boogie boarding this summer.
We missed you Sharon and Toots.
With our first week of Summer Activities. It just wore us out.
It's not that I've abandoned my BLOG. Well, as usual I have been very busy with last day of school activities, Summer activities and Church Activities. I also forgot my password and email add. It's too hard especially when I am in the process of changing my old email add. Anyways, HAPPY SUMMER!!!
You guys are the best. We love you all!!
If only I could eat Chips for breakfast ,Lunch or Dinner.I would! But that wouldn't be healthy of course.
These chips are soooo addicting!
Hello Dahlings, I know... I know... Where have I been. I have not forgotten Eclipse of course. It's my favorite book (next to Twilight) I am excited to watch this Movie.
I'm sure you've heard about it, Breaking Dawn starts in October.
We are excited for World Cup. I have picked my teams so are the boys.
and on the way to work.
I've also printed the flags I picked for the World Cup.
Now, we are just waiting for June 11!
We have been wanting to watch at Gold Class CInema since Feb. due to limited seats, tickets sell out really fast! (Thanks to my brother). ON Saturday we took the boys and watched Shrek 4D.
sit, eat and "pick up"
5 minutes before the movie starts.
"pls push the button, if you want to order popcorn or drinks"
Spring Break, Fun Time and Happy 10 Yr Anniversary.
Ohhh, we had a FUN-Tastic time!
and stayed at the Fisherman's Wharf.
We took the bus, cable car,muni and train which was part of the City Pass.
Jake: Mommy, what a Thong?
We did "walk the hilly streets of San Fo"
I cannot believe, that I have not posted in almost 2 MONTHS??? WOW!. That is so NOT ME..LOL!
and extra curricular act. yada, yada.
back up and saved all my pictures and files.
Grateful to have an awesome-software engineer-IT-husband!
he got home and the computer cannot be revived. Too sad!
Totally, they should start installing air bags in all the computers.
Ports 1961 offers a Moment of Silence for Alexander McQueen.
There were too many designers/pieces to post.
but could not find them, bummer!
It has been a fun weekend at the M-household. Friday night, the boys' GPA, 3 Aunts (Barb, Becky and Brenda) and 2 Cousins (Sarah and Tom) came to visit us but especially to attend my DS baptism.
We catered a Taco guy and it was sooo good!!!
that I did not even had a single bite.
Yeah, CUZ IT WAS SOOO GOOD!
a friend played the guitar. They both did an awesome job!
After the luncheon we took them to the beach.
It was a beautiful day like 77 deg.
he grabbed a pillow and slept under the table.
Happy to be 8 yrs old!
We got home and he had a "treasure" hunt for his presents.
building his Pinewood Derby Car.
saw so many of our friends.
We hang out with Steve and Suzi and the boys.
to the tram to the parking lot.
Because he was in a Deep Sleep, we could not wake him up.
Mom and Dad can alternately carry him.
Anyways, I think during the "hand-offs"
a price for whoever reads the most.
sneakers you wore in the 80's?
I couldn't be more excited to have Cafe Rio in So.Cal!
And the best part, it's like 2 mins away from Paul's work!
So, the day Cafe Rio opened in Manhattan Beach, my SIL got accepted at Hoag Medical Center. She got us some Sprinkles cupcakes from Newport Beach. Congratulations!
The next day, I ran extra miles to burn those calories. And it is sooo WORTH IT!
J.T is playing baseball for the Little League and he is having a blast!
and Jake and I get to go to the Snack Shack A LOOOTTT!
And I get to work at the Snack shack so I can get my $$$ back.
and he is having a blast!
Thank you so much for the email I received on Saturday ( in Feb). The message said "Our New Wedding Collection Unveiled". Where were you and J Crew (J Crew started their Bridal wear in 2005) 10 yrs ago when I was looking for a wedding gown. After 10 happily years of being married to my husband (April 8th) I still adore looking at Wedding gowns. Ann Taylor added on my checklist. However, even though I DO ADMIRE looking at these fabulous gowns. If I am a "Current bride"
I will not be able to wear it because I prefer my clothes to be Modest. :)) HOWEVER, this J CREW Wedding Gown came out in 2007. Thanks to Jcrew-aholics for this image. Glad she kept it for her records. I would love to see more "modest wedding gowns" in the future. Again, Thank you.
Jake is such a huge Lego builder.
for the Lego Star Wars.
We had a combined RS BDay with another Ward and it was a Service project. Lisa made this awesome invitation and we get to decorate tables.
We had an awesome Church Act. Dinner. I also got a chance to decorate 2 tables. I picked Cat in the Hat and 1 Fish 2 Fish Books. Amber decorated the sneetches table.
we enjoyed to decorate the tables.
We're so proud of him!
The boys loves the books. We watched the movie and they loved it!
I thought this movie was awesome!!!
We enjoyed and loved the story.
I asked the boys if I could just "pass by" Urban Outfitters for a few mins. They all agreed as long as I stay Max of 15 mins.It was painful to shop for 15 mins.
Anyways, 5 mins. later I got a call from Paul and he told me we have to go. The boys were laughing reading at these books.
And if you have not been to Urban and looked at the books you should not let your kids in there. Anyways, Glad my boys didn't see ALL of the books. WHEW!
Well, that I am not complaining about! | 2019-04-19T23:00:11Z | http://mixandmatchblog.blogspot.com/ |
This special 9 day climb offers excellent views from all sides of the mountain, including the quiet, rarely visited northern slopes.
The route approaches Mount Kilimanjaro from the west, beginning with a long drive from Moshi to Londorossi Gate. From there, the first two days are spent trekking through the rainforest to Shira Ridge, before crossing the Shira Plateau. Afterwards, the route heads north and circles clockwise from Moir Hut to Buffalo Camp to School Hut, before summiting from the east. Descent is made via the Mweka route.
The Northern Circuit route is certainly one of the best routes on Kilimanjaro. While you trek, you will see nearly 360 degrees of beautiful scenery as you traverse the mountain at 13,000 feet. As the longest route on Kilimanjaro, the Northern Circuit also has the longest acclimatization time, giving you the highest chance of reaching the summit successfully. Thus, the Northern Circuit route is highly recommended.
We will send a driver to the airport to pick you up and take you to the hotel in Moshi. Orientation will take place at the hotel. Our guides will emphasise all the important details regarding your trek and an inspection on your hiking gear will occur.
The Northern Circuit Route begins at Londorossi Gate (2,100 meters) in the West, the same start point as the Lemosho Route. The drive to Londorossi Gate takes approximately two hours from Moshi and considerably longer from Arusha. Registration with the Kilimanjaro National Park authorities occurs at the gate and then you will be driven further up the mountain to the trailhead starting point.
You may get lucky and spot large wildlife like elephant and buffalo that sometimes emerge from the rainforest onto the path as you trek towards your first camp. Dinner will be served when you reach Mti Mkubwa Camp.
On day two you will spend the first hour trekking through the last section of rainforest path before entering the low alpine moorland zone which follows up onto the Shira Plateau. The trek is relatively short and gradual, ending at Shira Camp 1 (3,610 meters).
On day three the trek crosses the Shira Plateau from Shira Camp 1 to Shira Camp 2. At Shira Camp 2 it is worth trekking a little higher up the plateau to enjoy the stunning view across the valley below and Western Breach of Kilimanjaro above.
Day four is a long trek heading east which passes through the ‘Garden of the Senecios’ and then enters the high alpine desert zone. The morning is spent trekking up to Lava Tower and the iconic Shark’s Tooth rock formation at 4,600 meters, where you will have lunch. After lunch you will join the northern circuit heading down to Moir Camp at 4,200 meters.
This is an important day in your trek as you will get to experience high altitude and then sleep low, which is good for the acclimatisation process.
Day five involves a moderately steep climb out of Moir Valley. Trekkers can take a small detour here to climb the summit of Little Lent Hill at 4,375 meters before returning to the Northern Circuit trail. From here the route follows a series of inclines and declines, skirting around the northern slopes of Kibo to Buffalo Camp (4,020 meters).The trek gives great vistas out across the plains that lie north of Kilimanjaro and stretch out to the Kenyan / Tanzanian border. You will arrive at Buffalo Camp just after midday, where you will have lunch and have time to rest after a long day hiking.
Day six starts with a climb up the Buffalo ridge and down into Porfu Camp where lunch is usually served. The route then continues east around the northern slopes to the Rongai Third Cave at 3,800 meters. The trek is shorter than the day before and by now you should be feeling well acclimatised to the altitude. You will arrive at the Third Cave just around mid-afternoon.
You will be awoken around 11:30 with hot tea and biscuits and will then begin the steep incline up the slopes of Kibo under the cover of darkness. Your first check-point is Hans Meyer Cave where you will take a short break. The climb steepens as you approach Gilman’s Point (5,681 meters), which will be around 5-6 hours after departing School Hut. The trail to Gilman’s Point is very steep and the ascent will be slow and steady. From Gilman's, it is a traverse along the crater rim to Uhuru Peak. We stay at the summit for a short time, to take photos and enjoy the views, before retracing our steps to Stella Point, and then descend down a long, rocky path to Mweka Camp.
The final day is a short hike through the dense mountain rainforest from Mweka Camp (3,950 meters) to Mweka Gate (1,640 meters).
After breakfast, you will be transferred to Kilimanjaro Airport or alternatively you can extend your trip in Tanzania and go on safari.
Are you looking for a trekking adventure, joining an adventurous safari or relaxing on a white beach by the Indian Ocean? We provide professional and competent service. Get in touch with us and we will help you create your dream holiday in East Africa.
Covering an area of 14,763 sq. km, Serengeti National Park is the largest National Park in Tanzania. The park is located some 320 km to the northwest of Arusha, lying in a high plateau between the Ngorongoro highlands and the Kenya/ Tanzania border, and extending almost to Lake Victoria to the west.
Arusha National Park offers some lovely walking in the foothills of Mount Meru and canoeing on the Momela Lakes, plus gentle game drives.
Arusha is surrounded by some of Africa's most famous landscapes and national parks. Situated below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley, it has a mild climate and is close to Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara, Olduvai Gorge, Tarangire National Park, and Mount Kilimanjaro, as well as having its own Arusha National Park on Mount Meru.
Tarangire offers a wide variety of wildlife in its area of 2,600 sq. km. As in all ecosystems, the vegetation and the types of animals you find are closely correlated.
It was officially declared by UNESCO as World Heritage site in 1979. Often known as eight wonders of the world it is an area where you can find people (the Maasai), their livestock and wildlife coexist and share the same protected habitat. Wild animals are protected as in the National Parks.
Lake Manyara National Park is one of the smaller national parks in Tanzania but still offers beautiful landscapes and is home to an interesting collection of wildlife. The lake itself is a soda lake / alkaline lake.
Begin the day with a short drive up onto the slopes of Kilimanjaro, to the village of Materuni, approximately 1,800 m above sea level. This lush rainforest region is known for producing some of the best coffee in East Africa. Start the day with a visit to a small coffee farm and learn about how the coffee is grown, harvested and processed locally. Try your own hand at processing, roasting and preparing a fresh cup of coffee in the local Chagga way.
Lake Chala, a hidden gem, a perfect place to relax and unwind from the busy city life. The remote caldera lake on the border of Tanzania & Kenya is only 55km from Moshi and therefore the perfect get away for a day. Pure tranquillity and beautiful nature await you at the lake. Explore the area on one of the many possible hikes, swim in the crystal clear water, kayak across borders or simply enjoy the stunning vistas of an untouched Africa.
The Chemka Hot Springs are about 40 kilometers away from Moshi, in the homonymous village called Chemka. They are underground springs with warm water. The water forms a clear and clean pond which is ideal for swimming. The pond is very deep, in some places up to 10 meters, but the water is so clear that you can see the bottom well all the time. The pond is situated under lush trees. On the shore you can camp, enjoy your snacks and let yourself dry after swimming.
Olpopongi village (Masaai cultural village).
Visiting Masaai village it will gives you an opportunity to experience the unique culture of Masaai people. You will get more information about the culinary culture of the Maasai while tasting a traditional tea prepared on the wood fire and different varieties of local food.
Early in the morning after getting breakfast the journey from Moshi to Tarangire National Park will start. Only two and half hours or so's drive out from the city of Arusha, this is arguably one of East Africa's last discovered jewels and is well worth including in a visit up here. Often dubbed as the main reason to come here, the vast elephant herds that wander in and out of the park throughout the year are to be seen to be believed. This is not, however, the only reason to come here with both lesser and great Kudu to be seen, plentiful lion, leopard and cheetah, as well as a variety of interesting habitats.
During this 5-day camping safari you will visit the Lake Manyara National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the Serengeti National Park. The Serengeti is Africa's most famous park. Renowned for its incredible concentrations of predators and the Great Migration of two million wildebeest, the Serengeti guarantees an exceptional safari. The endless grassy plains (Serengeti in Maasai) are the richest grazing grounds on the continent, and therefore home to the largest herds and the highest concentrations of predators on the planet.
During this 4-day camping safari you will visit the Lake Manyara National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the Serengeti National Park. What you can expect in this safari is to view everything ‘’big five and different wild species’’.
The African wild safari tour package which will take you to the attractive places of Lake Manyara National park, Ngorongoro crater and Tarangire national park.
On these 2 days safari you will see different varieties of unique species including climbing lions, good elephants and baboons. Lake Manyara is a lovely scenic park on the road from Arusha to the Ngorongoro Crater. The lake itself takes up much of the park leaving a strip of land running down its shores where game concentrates.
On this 2 day camping safari you will be able to see games such as Elephants which are the main attraction with up to 3,000 in the Tarangire during the peak season months. Peak season also sees good numbers of wildebeest and zebra as well as giraffe, buffalo, Thompson's gazelle, greater and lesser kudu, eland, leopard and cheetah. And our tour will end up in Ngorongoro crater which is a world heritage and special.
Mt. Meru is located in the heart of Arusha National Park and it is 50 miles west of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Mt. Meru is a massive volcano reaching 14,980 feet (4,565 meters). This trek serves as an ideal warm up for Mt. Kilimanjaro due to its altitude acclimatization and hiking distances. This trek is also geared towards hikers that prefer less crowds and a challenging ascent.
Because Mt. Meru is located in Arusha National Park, hikers must climb with an armed ranger due to the wide range of wildlife living on the mountain. On the lower slopes of the mountain, hikers are more likely to see elephants, giraffes, and buffalo! As hikers continue their ascents, the trail follows the north rim of the volcano’s crater along a dramatic ridge line. Throughout the climb, hikers sleep in designated huts along the trail. Hikers reach the summit as the sun is rising and they will have spectacular views of Mt. Kilimanjaro and of the Mt. Meru Crater.
Over 40,000 people a year seek to climb the world’s highest freestanding mountain–a mountain so popular it has become known as “Everyman’s Everest”? Mount Kilimanjaro stands almost 6000 meters above sea level, but one does not need to be an experienced mountain climber to reach its peak.
Mt. Kilimanjaro is composed of three extinct volcanoes: Kibo 5895 m (19340 ft.), Mawenzi 5149 m (16896 ft.), and Shira 3962 m (13000 ft.). The ascent of Kilimanjaro can be done from six routes: Mweka, Umbwe, Shira, Rongai, Machame, and the Marangu Route which is the easier and the most popular. Depending on which route one wants to use, the climb of Kilimanjaro can take between four nights to six nights on the mountain.
Kilimanjaro is technically the easiest to climb of the Seven Summits . You don’t need ropes or special mountaineering gear, or even any previous mountain climbing experience. The youngest person to reach the summit was six years old, and the eldest (as of 2011), was 83. The two most popular routes are Marangu and Machame. On the Marangu Route, accommodation is in alpine huts while on Machame Route it is camping throughout. While expert guides and porters will accompany you on your climb, unlike Mount Everest, no technical equipment is required.
In order to choose the best route for you, please see our package. There are no routes demanding technical climbing. Price given includes all park fees, staff (guide, cook, porters), food and tents.
The Usambara Mountains are a mountain range in North-East Tanzania, approximately 70 miles (110 km) long and ranging from 20 to 40 miles (64 km) in width. Mountains in the range rise as high as 8,000 ft (2,440 m). They are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which stretch from Kenya through Tanzania, and are one of the world’s Biodiversity hotspots. The range is accessible from the towns of Lushoto in the West, and Amani in the East. The Usambaras are commonly split into two sub-ranges, the West Usambara and the East Usambara. The East Usambara is closer to the coast, receives more rainfall, and is significantly smaller than the West Usambara.
The Usambaras are fairly unique in that, being in East Africa, their unspoiled regions are covered in the tropical forest, which today remains mainly in the West of the continent. The mountain range was formed nearly two billion years ago.
Lake Manyara National Park is one of the smaller national parks in Tanzania but still offers beautiful landscapes and is home to an interesting collection of wildlife. The lake itself is a soda lake / alkaline lake. The main habitats include the shallow soda lake itself which occupies 70% of the National Park total area of 320 sq. km, the ground water forest, open grassland, acacia woodland and the rift wall.
Pemba is the northernmost island of the archipelago and the smaller, hillier and greener “sister island” of Zanzibar. Pemba enjoys far less attention than the world-famous main island and often even gets forgotten. Therefore the island and its friendly and relaxed people can maintain a quiet and easy-going atmosphere among spice plantations, fruit trees and the lush tropical vegetation.
For those travellers who find Zanzibar too crowded, Pemba is the right island to go to. Accommodation is limited to just a few small guest house style accommodations and very nice lodges right on the beach.
Unlike its namesake, this is a welcoming and peaceful island of palms and coral. South from Zanzibar and opposite the river mouth of the mighty Rufiji, lies the small island of Mafia.
This tour lets you see the traditional fishing and farming life, you begin with a visit to a spice plantation. You will see how the crops are farmed, and taste fruits and spiced teas.
Zanzibar’s spices are famous worldwide. The Sultan of Oman built the first spice plantations on the island in 1873; to this day the gardens are filled with exotic spices, fruits and vegetables.
What Zanzibar offers is a unique combination of outstanding beaches, along its eastern edge, interesting activities, such as visiting a working spice farm, and the cultural delights of Stone Town, with Arabian fortresses and minarets.
This route perhaps is the easiest and most comfortable route to reach the summit of Mt Kilimanjaro. The route is well-developed and the climb is constant and moderate.
The Rongai route ascends Kilimanjaro from the north-eastern side of the mountain, along the border between Tanzania and Kenya. This route retains a sense of unspoilt wilderness and offers a different perspective on Kilimanjaro by approaching it from the north.
This is a lesser known route which usually begins on the western side of Mount Kilimanjaro.
Tanzania is an undiscovered bicycle tour paradise. From the foothills of Kilimanjaro with its mountain villages and coffee farms, to the plains below, and beyond through the Usambara mountains down to the Pangani Coast, there are countless miles of dirt roads, footpaths, and single-track to explore.
The Northern Circuit is the newest and longest route on Mount Kilimanjaro.
It begins in the West at the Londorossi Gate and follows the same path as the Lemosho route for the first two days. After crossing the Shira plateau the path veers north near Lava Tower, following the longer Northern Circuit instead of the more popular Southern Circuit via Barranco Valley The route circles around the quieter northern slopes to the east side of the mountain.
The scenically attractive Rongai route approaches Kibo from the unfrequented and drier north-eastern side of Kilimanjaro. The tour departs close to the Kenyan border and offers stunning and impressive views over the African savannah and rugged Mawenzi. Just after Mawenzi Tarn Camp, climbers will pass the only mountain lake in Kilimanjaro National Park. The trails are well developed and pass through fir forest, rain forest and alpine desert. Although the Rongai route can generally be thought of as an easy route, the rockier stages in the summit area are sometimes a little more demanding. The decent follows the Marangu route and traverses the lush and green rainforest on good paths. Climbers will overnight in mountain tents during the entire climb.
This route, with its steep passages and higher altitudes, offers you occasional views of Mount Meru, Shira Ridge and Kibo summit as you make your way through lush rainforest, moorland and alpine desert.
Our bike adventure tour range from from half-day to full-day to multi-day and can be custom-designed for all skill levels. All bike tours are guided and include the use of mountain bikes and cycling helmets. Multi-day rides are fully supported with a sag wagon. Bicycle tour can be the centre-piece of your African adventure or added as an extension to any itinerary.
safaris, you have come to the right place. | 2019-04-23T03:56:53Z | http://enosaexpeditions.com/9-days-northern-circuit-route.html |
Although most people understand the contributions immigrants make to the U.S. culture and economy, a much-contended issue is that of illegal immigration and what to do about it. Associated with legal and illegal immigration are the issues of employment, as this is the preferred way for most people to make a living. The controversies come from the lack of consensus on what immigration policies should look like, and these revolve around questions such as: Who should be allowed to immigrate to the United States? How many people should be allowed to immigrate? How can people be prevented from entering the United States illegally, meaning without having obtained legal permission to enter? What should be done when illegal immigrants are found by law enforcement? Are immigrants not responsible for a large number of crimes? Do immigrants not take work away from Americans? Does immigration not increase the likelihood of terrorist attacks on U.S. soil by foreign extremists?
In the past few years, anywhere from close to three quarters of a million to around 1 million people enter the United States as legal immigrants annually (MPI 2010). The numbers went down after the September 11, 2001, attacks, as the responsible terrorists had entered the United States legally, which led to significant changes to the immigration system. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2005 American Community Survey (which counts only households, not residents in institutions such as universities or prisons), 35.7 million of the close to 289 million people currently living in the United States are immigrants, which represents 12.4 percent of the population, up from 11.2 percent in 2000. Further, from 1990 to 2000, the total population showed a 57 percent increase in the foreign-born population, to 31.1 million from 19.8 million (Lyman 2006).
Immigration has always played a very important part in the history of the United States, a country of immigrants. It owes its existence to people who came to the new world of their own free will (early European settlers and more recent immigration) and against their will (enslaved Africans), all of whom contributed greatly to making the United States what it is today (Zinn 2003). Europeans began settling the area north of the Rio Grande in North America in the 1500s, and the first black people landed in English America in 1619. The first U.S. census in 1790 showed close to 4 million people living in the colonies. The largest number of voluntary travelers by far came from England (2 million), followed by Scotland (163,000), Germany (140,000), and Holland (56,000). Almost 700,000 of the total population of the day were slaves from Africa.
Today, estimates of the numerical size of the group of illegal immigrants vary greatly, depending on who generates them. They range from 7 million to 20 million and almost any figure in between (Knickerbocker 2006). A consensus, of sorts, has formed around estimates between 11 and 12 million (Pew Hispanic Center 2010; Yen 2010). U.S. immigration officials have said that since 2003, the number of illegal immigrants has grown by as much as 500,000 a year, although in recent years the total has fl attened out (Pew Hispanic Center 2010).
A growing problem has arisen from the large number of children born in the United States to parents with no legal status. This automatically makes the children U.S. citizens, whereas their parents remain illegal, which makes it very difficult to develop policies for this group of immigrants (Knickerbocker 2006). Having understood a long time ago the importance of immigration and a system that controls it, the various U.S. administrations have developed and changed policies with the goals of reducing the number of illegal immigrants and regulating their impact on the domestic labor market. Assessments regarding the success of these policies vary greatly, and mid-2010 saw numerous attempts to significantly revamp immigration law.
The persistent desire of foreigners to start a new life in the United States and the state’s need to control exactly who is able to do so made the creation of immigration policy imperative. After a significant period of time without immigration policies, the Immigration Act of 1819, which set standards for vessels bringing immigrants (Martz, Croddy, and Hayes 2006), was the first piece of legislation dealing with this issue. Subsequently, immigration laws have been revamped virtually once a decade.
Following the American Civil War, several states passed immigration laws. The Supreme Court decided in 1875 that the regulation of immigration was a federal responsibility. After immigration increased drastically in 1880, a more general Immigration Act was introduced in 1882, which levied a head tax on immigrants and prevented certain people (e.g., convicts and the mentally ill) from entering the United States. State boards or commissions enforced immigration law with direction from U.S. Treasury Department officials before the Immigration Service was established in 1891 (Center for Immigration Studies n.d.). Finally, following a renewed surge in immigration after World War II, a quota system based on the national origin of immigrants was introduced in 1921 (Martz, Croddy, and Hayes 2006). This system was revised in 1924, and Congress created the U.S. Border Patrol as an agency within the Immigration Service in the same year. Under the modified system, immigration was limited by assigning each nationality a quota based on its representation in the previous U.S. census.
In 1951, a program that had allowed Mexican seasonal labor to work in U.S. agricultural businesses (the Bracero Program, started by California) was turned into a formal agreement between the United States and Mexico. Congress recodified and combined all previous immigration and naturalization law in 1952 into the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Along with other immigration laws, treaties, and conventions of the United States, the INA relates to the immigration, temporary admission, naturalization, and removal (deportation) of foreign nationals. The national origins system remained in place until 1965, when Congress replaced it with a preference system designed to unite immigrant families and attract skilled immigrants to the United States. This was in response to changes in the origins of immigrants that had taken place since the 1920s: the majority of immigrants were no longer from Europe but from Asia and Latin America.
It was also the first time that immigration and employment were linked, as efforts were made to offset the domestic shortage of people with certain skills by bringing in immigrants who met certain criteria. Although several acts at various times allowed refugees to enter the United States and remain—for example, after World War II, people from communist countries were allowed in, as were other refugees from Europe—a general policy regulating the admission of refugees was put in place only with the Refugee Act of 1980. This act defines a refugee as a person leaving his or her own country because of a “well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular group, or political opinion” (Martz, Croddy, and Hayes 2006).
A significant change to immigration policies was made in 1986, when the Immigration Reform and Control Act was passed; one of the provisions included in the act made it illegal for employers to knowingly hire illegal immigrants. Following this, many modifications to existing laws and introductions of new laws continued to focus on illegal immigration and the employment of undocumented immigrants, as did the reform debates of 2006–2007 and 2010. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 authorized more border patrol agents along the 2,000-mile United States–Mexico border, created tougher penalties for smuggling people and creating forged documents, and initiated an expedited removal process for immigrants caught with improper documents.
Throughout history, considerations regarding race have always influenced immigration policies; legislation ranges from having some racist undertones to being blatantly racist (Zinn 2003; Vellos 1997). Examples that stand out include the following: the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882; the Immigration Act of 1907, which limited the number of Japanese immigrants; the National Origins (First Quota) Act of 1921, which favored immigration from northern European countries at the expense of southern and eastern European nations; and the National Origins (Second Quota) Act of 1924, which continued the discrimination against southern and eastern Europeans and imposed new restrictions on Asian immigration. Arguably, provisions in the 2001 Patriot Act discriminate against certain ethnic and religious groups (Middle Easterners and Muslims) because of their alleged connections with terrorist organizations.
Within the last 100 years, three events that affected immigration and corresponding legislation in the United States stand out: World War I (1912–1918), World War II (1939–1945), and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This last event led the government under President George W. Bush to introduce the USA Patriot Act in the same year, which established the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and made the U.S. Department of Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) a bureau within it (CIS has an Office of Immigration Statistics, which collects data to discern immigration trends and inform policy formulation).
Further, Title 8 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) was amended in 2002 and 2003. (The U.S. Code and the Code of Federal Regulations codify federal laws, including those that deal with immigration [Title 8 in both documents].) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which was in charge of immigration and enforcement of immigration law for so long as part of the U.S. Department of Justice, no longer exists. Aside from the creation of the CIS within the large bureaucratic structure of the Department of Homeland Security, some functions have been streamlined. For example, whereas the U.S. Department of Customs and Immigration and the INS used to be in charge of related tasks, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE, also a part of Homeland Security) was carved out of the old Customs Department and now focuses exclusively on these issues, such as the arrest and removal of a foreign national who, in governmental language, is called an alien. The formal removal of an alien from the United States was called deportation before the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, and such a measure must be ordered by an immigration judge after it has been determined that immigration laws have been violated. The Department of Immigration and Customs Enforcement can execute a removal without any punishment being imposed or contemplated (U.S. Department of Citizenship and Immigrations Services).
Foreign nationals entering the United States generally fall into one of three categories: lawful permanent residents (LPRs), nonimmigrants, and undocumented migrants (illegal immigrants). Documents have to be issued by U.S. immigration authorities for individuals in the first category, also referred to as permanent resident aliens, resident alien permit holders, and green card holders. A noncitizen of the United States can fall into this category upon arrival by either having obtained the document through the more common and often lengthy application process or by having won it in the “green card lottery,” which makes a certain number of green cards available every year. These documents are also referred to as immigrant visas because the holder is allowed to reside and work in the United States without restrictions under legally recognized and lawfully recorded permanent residence as an immigrant. The Immigration Act of 1990 set the flexible numerical limit of individuals falling into this category at 675,000 annually. Exempt from these limits are several categories of people, including immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, refugees, and asylum seekers.
Nonimmigrants may or may not require permission (a visa) to enter, depending on their purpose for entering the country (work, business, study, travel) and nationality. In general, tourists and business travelers from most Western countries do not have to apply for a visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate general in their country of citizenship, although this is always subject to change (as was done after 9/11). Those who plan to stay in the United States temporarily to study or work must apply for authorization to do so prior to their arrival. It is not guaranteed that such an application, which often takes six months or more, will be approved or processed in time. For example, improved security measures, increased background checks of applicants, and prolonged processing times after 9/11 have significantly lengthened the process.
U.S. employers wanting to employ a foreign national on the basis of his or her job skills in a position for which qualified authorized workers are unavailable in the United States must obtain labor certification. This is one of many instances in which the U.S. Department of Labor is involved with matters pertaining to foreign nationals. Labor certification is issued by the secretary of labor and contains attestations by U.S. employers as to the number of U.S. workers available to undertake the employment sought by an applicant and the effect of the alien’s employment on the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers similarly employed. Determination of labor availability in the United States is made at the time of a visa application and at the location where the applicant wishes to work.
There are literally dozens of nonimmigrant visa classifications, including the following, which are among the most common. Students who want to study at U.S. colleges and universities are issued F-1 visas; those participating in cultural exchange programs (including academics and researchers from abroad) get J visas, which generally cannot be renewed; temporary workers with specialized knowledge and skills (including academics and researchers from abroad) get H and other visas. For professionals from Canada or Mexico, there is the TN category under North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) regulations.
Further, it is standard practice that J visas are associated with a particular educational institution, just as TN and H visas are tied to a particular employer. If the student wants to change universities or the worker his or her employer, a new document must be issued. The length of time that these visas are valid varies, and an application for renewal must be filed with immigration authorities before they expire. Otherwise, the visa holder loses eligibility to do what the document had authorized could be done. Upon expiration of a visa, a new document must be applied for at a U.S. embassy or consulate general in the visa holder’s country of citizenship. Upon expiration of the visa, the immigrant student or worker can no longer legally study or work in the United States and generally can remain in the United States no longer than six months.
People falling in the last category, that of undocumented migrants, are commonly referred to as illegal immigrants, which means that they entered the country without proper documents and without authorization and knowledge of U.S. immigration authorities. Enforcement of immigration and employment law focuses on this group. They cross the border at unsecured locations, such as forests and rivers, or between inspection points (official border crossings), or they pass inspection with forged documents or cross the border hidden in vehicles. The majority of illegal immigrants come from Mexico and other Latin, Central, and South American countries in hopes of finding work and a better economic future.
Although not discussed very often, a large number of undocumented migrants, especially from Mexico, are leaving the United States each year (counterflow). For example, INS data show that, in the 1990s, around half as many people who entered the United States unauthorized every year left it again (Martz, Croddy, and Hayes 2006). In fact, many unauthorized Mexicans do not want to immigrate permanently; they want to get a job, make some money (unemployment and poverty rates are very high in Mexico), and return home to their families. Smaller numbers of illegal immigrants cross the United States–Canada border or come by sea.
Many people who try to enter the United States without authorization (e.g., their applications were rejected because they did not meet certain criteria, they thought they would be rejected, or they never applied for whatever reason) risk their lives. For example, from 1998 through 2002, more than 1,500 illegal immigrants died trying to cross into the United States, mostly of exhaustion and exposure. Another risk in trying to cross the border alone is that of getting caught by the U.S. Border Patrol, whose job it is to stop illegal immigration. If that happens, they are generally not detained or charged but sent back across the border. To lower these risks, many pay a lot of money for the services of guides, called coyotes, organized in bands, which make millions of dollars each year. The guides may accompany them to a location where the border is not secured properly or smuggle them across the border. Being smuggled in the back of a truck or in a container, however, is risky, too, as such immigrants have suffocated or died of heat exhaustion or lack of water.
Once on U.S. soil, undocumented migrants try to find work and accommodation and become the responsibility of Department of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which tries to find them and, if successful, take them back across the border; undocumented migrants are generally not charged. With access to the right networks, finding a job can be relatively easy. Further, many employers prefer to hire illegals because it increases their profit margin. Although the employers can charge the same for their products or services, they can pay the migrants less. Industries that hire a large number of undocumented workers include service industries, natural resources, and construction (National Employment Law Project). The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 included a provision for employer sanctions if employers hired, recruited, or referred for a fee aliens known to be unauthorized to work in the United States. Violators of the law are subject to a series of civil fines for violations or criminal penalties when there is a pattern or practice of violations (historically, the latter was inconsistently enforced).
Although the Department of Labor is in charge of enforcing labor-related laws and regulations, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, which, among other things, provides minimum wage and overtime protections and thus also protects illegal workers, the enforcement of immigration laws is out of its jurisdiction. For better or worse, historically, cooperation between the agencies that enforce immigration laws, on the one hand, and employment laws, on the other, has been less than stellar. Despite the provisions of the 1986 law, employers of illegal immigrants were not at the center of enforcement activities for a long time, although increasing attention was paid to the issue in the 1990s.
For example, in 1999, a total of 417 civil fine notices were issued to employers. During the first years of the George W. Bush administration, less attention was paid to employers and only three civil fine notices were issued in 2003. In 2002, one year before Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was created within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 25 criminal charges were brought against employers. Following bipartisan pressure on the administration in spring 2006, DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff announced a campaign that promised to focus on employers suspected of hiring illegal workers and included more serious sanctions than previously, such as felony charges, huge financial penalties, and the seizure of assets. The more aggressive enforcement of immigration and employment laws by ICE led to 445 criminal arrests of employers within the first seven months of 2006 and to the deportation of the majority of 2,700 illegal immigrants who worked in these operations (Preston 2006).
With anti-immigrant sentiments on the rise between 2001 and 2010, the percentage of people polled who felt that immigrants are a burden because they take jobs and housing away from citizens grew from 38 percent to 52 percent. Similarly, the percentage of those who felt that immigrants strengthened the United States with their hard work and talents dropped from 50 percent to 41 percent. Into the foreseeable future, at last three controversial debates will continue.
First, several commentators and officials—for example, in Texas, California, and Arizona—have suggested that there is an immigration crisis. Although responsible analyses show that this is not the case, the fact remains that a significant number of immigrants come to and live in the United States illegally. This creates several problems, including an increased likelihood for members in this group to be economically exploited (working for less than the minimum wage, not getting paid overtime or not getting paid at all, working in dangerous and labor law–violating environments, etc.), and being at higher risk for criminal victimization (particularly violence against women), as perpetrators of such crimes know that their victims are not likely to report their victimization to representatives of the state (National Employment Law Project).
The number of undocumented immigrants in the United States alone should be reason enough to undertake a comprehensive reform of U.S. immigration policies, regardless of whether the argument is the policies’ lack of effectiveness or a humanitarian one that emphasizes the human, civil, and constitutional rights of unauthorized workers and immigrants in general. Two proposals for reform, one from the Senate and one from the House of Representatives, were discussed in 2006 but failed to pass. After the state of Arizona enacted, in 2010, a law giving police the authority to stop and question anyone suspected of being an illegal immigrant, leaders at the federal level, including President Barack Obama, are speaking of the need to renew the debate for comprehensive immigration reform.
In general, visa screening, border inspections, and the tracking of foreigners have been tightened as compared to the pre-9/11 years (MPI 2010). For example, it requires non–U.S. citizens, including those residing in the United States temporarily (and legally), to provide border inspectors with digital fingerprints and a digital photo, which are taken by the inspector upon entry into the United States. Further, temporary legal residents have to obtain a bar-coded printout when leaving the United States, which they have to turn in when they return. Prior to this change, immigration authorities had no record of an alien who left the country.
Finally, another controversy ensues over the implementation of the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS), which requires all foreigners from countries with alleged ties to terrorist organizations to register with the government. In December 2002, this led to the detention without bond of thousands of immigrants from Iraq, Iran, and several other countries, although there was no evidence that these individuals had been involved in any terrorist or other criminal activity (Flowers 2003). Although the situation has improved somewhat in recent years, it is clear that many of the legislative changes are here to stay, and critics wonder if immigration restrictions associated with the so-called War on Terror are yet another and more subtle way to discriminate against potential immigrants from particular backgrounds. Still, after a car bomb attempt in Times Square in May 2010 by a naturalized U.S. citizen from Pakistan, sentiments in favor of strict law enforcement were again on the rise.
Little disagreement exists that immigration policies should play an important part in efforts to keep the United States and its residents safe, as is the case with the associated need to know where foreigners are and what they do and to ensure that they engage in legal employment. The problem is, however, to find a way to achieve that which is agreeable to the majority, if not all.
Brotherton, David C., and Philip Kretsedemas, eds., Keeping Out the Other: A Critical Introduction to Immigration Enforcement Today. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.
Chomsky, Aviva, They Take Our Jobs! and 20 Other Myths about Immigration. Boston: Beacon Press, 2007.
Cieslik, Thomas, David Felsen, and Akis Kalaitizidis, eds., Immigration: A Documentary and Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2009.
Daniels, Roger, Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life, 2d ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.
Johnson, Kevin R., Opening the Floodgates: Why America Needs to Rethink Its Borders and Immigration Laws. New York: New York University Press, 2007.
Martin, Philip L., Importing Poverty? Immigration and the Changing Face of Rural America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.
Martz, Carlton, Marshall Croddy, and Bill Hayes, Current Issues of Immigration, 2006. Washington, DC: Constitutional Rights Foundation, 2006.
Mills, Nicolaus, Arguing Immigration: The Debate over the Changing Face of America. New York: Touchstone, 2007.
Newton, Lina, Illegal, Alien, or Immigrant: The Politics of Immigration Reform. New York: New York University Press, 2008.
Preston, Julia, “U.S. Puts Onus on Employers of Immigrants.” New York Times ( July 31, 2006): sec A1.
Swain, Carol M., ed., Debating Immigration. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Takaki, Ronald, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America, rev. ed. Boston: Back Bay Books, 2008.
Vellos, Diana, “Immigrant Latina Domestic Workers and Sexual Harassment.” American University Journal of Gender and the Law 407 (1997): 407–432.
Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States: 1492–Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. | 2019-04-19T13:08:27Z | http://www.customtermpapers.org/free-term-papers/term-paper-immigration-employment/ |
Understanding types of pollutants and their emission rates is essential for control of air pollution. The emission rates, along with the rates of various chemical reactions those take place in the atmosphere, the prevailing meteorological conditions and topographical factors determine the extent of pollutions experienced by various environmental components. An emission inventory is a quantitative detailed repository of air pollutants emitted (along with their sources) into the atmosphere from a given area for a specified time period (Behera et al., 2011). Present and future inventories are critical components of air quality planning and modeling. The ultimate goal of the pollution control planning process is to identify and achieve emission patterns that do not result in violations of ambient air quality standards. An emission inventory should be able to provide: (i) a consistent estimate of total emissions of different pollutants, (ii) the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants, (iii) the time-specific evolution of emissions and their distributions, (iv) the identification and characterization of sources, (v) tracking progress towards attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and emission reduction plans, (vi) serve as the basis in modeling for prediction of pollutant concentrations in ambient air, and (vii) compliance records with allowable emission rates established by facilities and regulatory agencies.
The broad source categories of air pollution in an urban area include; (i) transport (motor vehicles and railways), (ii) commercial establishments, (iii) industrial, (iv) domestic cooking/heating, (v) fugitive dust and (vi) biomass burning. There could also be some unique or specific sources in a particular area. Procedures and reliability of emission inventory for regular point, area and line sources are well-established. However, identification and quantification of fugitive/non-point emission sources (emissions not released through stacks, vents, ducts or pipes) are quite challenging. For these sources, emission factors (EFs) (EF: a ratio that relates the emission of a pollutant to an activity level) are either not developed or, if developed, are associated with high amounts of uncertainty. The important non-point sources include: traffic related non-exhaust (NE) emissions (tire, road and brake wear, road dust), evaporative emissions, raw material handling, open crushing, and biomass and agricultural residue burning.
The development of a better emission inventory poses a challenge to air quality engineers, as it requires systematic in situ surveys to collect activity data and proper management system for handling these data. Therefore, it is important to develop emission inventories based on geographic information system (GIS), which could also help the policy makers for implementation of legislation (Diem and Comrie, 2001). GIS can be defined as a computer-based system for capturing, storing, checking, and manipulating data that are spatially referenced, which can be of immense utility in developing, displaying and querying an information related to emission inventory.
Unlike other criteria air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere causes several problems to the community in terms of human health effects, reduced visibility and climate change (Brown et al., 2004; Behera et al., 2005; Makar et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2010). PM can be termed as a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances, present in the atmosphere. The size of particles is directly linked to the potential for causing health problems. USEPA is concerned about PM10 (PM having diameter less than 10 µm) because these particles generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects (Suh et al., 2000). The sources of PM10 on the basis of its origin may be either from primary sources or/and from secondary transformations (Behera and Sharma 2010a; Behera and Sharma, 2010b). Control of PM10 from secondary transformation is not easy, whereas primary sources responsible for PM10 can be controlled by regulating legislation on the policies for reductions. It is noteworthy that in the task of reduction of PM10 from primary sources, the secondary transformation will be controlled in parallel to some extent. The reason being PM precursor gases (e.g., nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) responsible for secondary formation of PM10 will also be controlled from the same sources of primary PM10 emission.
The objective of this chapter is to present a systematic set of approaches to prepare a GIS-based emission inventory for an urban environment. We have considered development of PM10 emission inventory as an example. The study area is Kanpur city (latitude 26°26′ N and longitude 88°22′ E), which represents typical weather conditions and atmospheric seasonal variability in the Ganga basin (longitudes 73°30′–89°0′ E and latitudes 22°30′–31°30′ N), India (Figure 2, described later). The specific objectives of the present study are: (1) identification of sources responsible for PM10 pollution and source categorization, (2) collection of activity level data of identified sources, (3) methods for estimating emissions of PM10 from various sources, (4) selection of emission factors of identified sources, (5) development of GIS-based digitized maps, (6) development of spatially resolved GIS-based emission inventory of PM10 and (7) assessment of contribution of the identified sources towards the particulate pollution.
The methodology adopted in this study consists of four steps to achieve final goal as ‘emission inventory of PM10’ (summarized in Figure 1). In the first step, identification of sources and collection of source information including location, population, production, fuel use, height of release, temperature etc. for area, line and point sources are done. In the second step, emission factors and methodology for emission estimation are selected. Next, digitized map of the study area with 2 km × 2 km grid resolutions is evolved. In the third step, an emission inventory of PM10 has been developed with ArcGIS after execution of data management of activity levels. In the final step, spatially resolved map of PM10 emission loads over the study area is generated and the contributions of identified sources towards PM10 pollution are assessed.
The study area (Kanpur city; Figure 2) represents typical weather conditions and atmospheric seasonal variability in the Ganga basin, India (Behera and Sharma, 2010a). The Ganga Basin is the largest river basin in India, supporting more than 40% of India's population and accounting for 26% of the Indian landmass (Figure 2). As per 2001 census, the basin has 104 urban centers (population > 0.1 million) and 7 large cities (Kanpur, Lucknow, Patna, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad) having a population of more than one million each. Unbridled growth of population and economy in this region has resulted in a wide range of anthropogenic activities including biomass and fossil fuel burning, industry (including coal-based power generation of more than 10000 MW), transport, mining, urbanization and agricultural activities (Behera and Sharma, 2010a). The Ganga basin is characterized to have large uncontrolled emissions of PM, SO2, NOx (from combustion sources) and NH3 (from poor waste management practices). Prevailing westerly winds, dry conditions during winter and low anticyclonic winds provide favorable conditions for advection from the west and confinement of high aerosol loading over the central and eastern parts of the basin (Nair et al., 2007). As a result, consistent hazy conditions prevail from East Pakistan to Bay of Bengal.
Kanpur is a large industrial city (area 270 km2) with population of about 4 million (census of 2001) having cotton, leather, and wool industries. Temperatures in cold weather drop to freezing, sometimes reaching a minimum of −1°C (lowest −1°C, 2004, 1968) with maximum at almost 12–14°C. In summer (April to June), the maximum temperature can go up to 47.5°C. During the rainy season (July to September), the relative humidity is generally over 70%. Thereafter, the humidity decreases, and by summer, which is the driest part of the year, the relative humidity in the afternoons becomes less than 30%. The average annual rainfall is 792 mm. About 85% of the annual normal rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon months from June to September, with August being the rainiest month. Winds are generally light and are mostly from directions between south-west and north-west (Behera at al., 2011).
The source activities of air pollution in Kanpur can be broadly classified as transport (motor vehicles and railways), commercial, industrial, domestic and fugitive dust sources. Under commercial activities, diesel/ kerosene generators are the most prevailing sources for air pollution in the city. For transport of men, mostly public transport (buses) and private diesel tempos fulfill the transport requirement for the city. The combustion of fuels like coal, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and wood come under the source for domestic activities. As far as the industrial activities are concerned, the dominant source is the 200 MW coal based thermal power plant (Figure 2). Lots of small and medium scale industries are also responsible for the air pollution. In most of the institutions and offices, the diesel generators (DG) are used at the time of power failure. At several places, garbage and agricultural waste burning is a common practice, which can be an important contributor to air pollution mostly in the evening hour.
The entire study area was divided into 85 grids of 2 km x 2 km. Each grid was assigned an identification number with a land use pattern based on the land use map from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) New Delhi. Preliminary surveys have been done at seven important areas (as 2 km × 2 km grids), those represent all the source categories of the study area. Based on the preliminary surveys done by the team of experts from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, the major sectors of sources of PM10 have been classified as: (1) industry as point sources (stack height ≥ 25.0 m), (2) industry as area sources (stack height < 25.0 m), (3) vehicles, (4) domestic fuel burning, (5) paved and unpaved road dust, (6) open burning (agricultural residue burning and garbage burning), (7) hotel and restaurant fuel uses, (8) DG sets and (9) rest other sources (e.g., bakery, construction and demolition, medical waste incinerators).
The above sectors of the sources of pollution can be broadly classified into three categories: (1) point sources, (2) area sources and (3) line sources. The industries having stack height greater than or equal to 25.0 m are considered as point sources and the industries having stack height less than 25.0 m come under as area sources. Vehicular combustion sources, and paved and unpaved road dust come under line source category. All remaining sources are considered as area sources in this study.
(2 km x 2 km) of Kanpur were surveyed thoroughly for industries as point sources by the team of IIT Kanpur. The activity data for other grids were collected from State Pollution Control Board, Kanpur.
For area source inventories, one can obtain activity level information by the either or by combinations of the two methods as: (i) surveys, and (ii) collection of data from pollution control boards. It is to be noted that the combination of methods can be used to ensure the consistency in data. Surveys can be done to get a representative sample for collection of data in some specific localities and later that can be extrapolated to other localities on the basis of population and/or land-use pattern. State, local, and central agencies such as Central Statistical Organization (CSO), maintain information on population trends, land use, business patterns, agricultural trends, fuel use, chemical production and use. These documents are often valuable resources for determining appropriate activity data or parameters for apportioning data. Several NGOs like, TERI (The Energy Research Institute, New Delhi), CSE (Center for Science and Environment, New Delhi) etc. may also have information on pollution load, inventory procedures and emission factors in Indian context.
In the present study, seven primary grids (2 km × 2 km) were subdivided into small grids (1 km×1 km) with specific grid identification numbers. The activity data were collected from all these 28 (7 x 4) sub-grids with a thorough house-to-house survey. The details of the activity level data for various area sources included in surveys were as follows: (i) production capacity, types of fuel usage, fuel consumption capacity, stack height and details of the air pollution control devices for the pollution from industries as area sources, (ii) capacity of the bakery, types of fuel usage, and daily fuel consumption for pollution from bakeries, (iii) types of fuel usage and daily consumption of each fuel for hotels, restaurants and open eat outs, (iv) type of the family (i.e., high, medium and low, based on economic strata), population of the family, types of fuel usage and daily fuel consumption for the domestic fuel burning, (v) type of the street under survey (i.e., commercial, residential activities etc.), number of garbage collection points in the street, area of the collection points and height of the collection points for pollution from garbage burning, (vi) quantity of agricultural waste generated per unit area and frequency of burning for pollution from agricultural burning, (vii) quantity of area under construction/demolition activities, (viii) capacity of DG set, fuel consumption per hour of each DG set, and (ix) quantity of medical waste.
One example on the activity data survey has been described here for garbage burning. The area of survey was done in the Juhilal Colony of Kanpur. Number of garbage collection points = 1, area of collection point = 1.0 m2, height = 0.3 m, volume of one point = 1.0 × 0.3 = 0.3 m3. Dry density of garbage was assumed as 800 kg/m3. The mass of garbage at that street = 800 × 0.3 = 240 kg. Total population of that street = 200 (all are middle class). So per capita generation of garbage in that street = 240000/200=1200 g/person. This was a four-day garbage generation result. Therefore, garbage generation = 300 g/person/day. Several surveys had been undertaken in the seven primary grids to ascertain the garbage collection. Finally the data for other grids, apart from the seven primary grids, were extrapolated from the data of the seven grids.
For line source activity data, traffic survey of vehicle counts was done at 13 traffic intersections for various vehicle types (two-wheeler motorbikes, three-wheeler auto rickshaw and tempos, four-wheeler passenger cars and jeeps, light commercial vehicles and heavy duty vehicles) covering various road types (e.g., main highway, minor road, service road, etc.). Traffic count on each road in each grid was extrapolated from the data of the traffic survey. The actual road lengths for each grid were estimated from the digitized map in the ArcGIS software. The daily vehicular kilometer traveled (VKT) for all types of vehicles were estimated on the basis of the parking-lot survey done at four important locations in the city. The activity data of PM10 pollution from the source of paved and unpaved roads (categorized as line source) were estimated on the basis of mean weight of the vehicle fleet (tons), vehicular kilometer traveled, and silt loading on the road (details given later).
GIS has been chosen in the studies related to development of emission inventories because of its usefulness for air quality modeling and it is capable of supporting the development of geospatial air quality models (Puliafito et al. 2003). The Geostatistical Analyst extension of ArcGIS (ArcMap, version 9.2; ESRI Inc., Redlands, WA, USA) was selected for this study because of its relative user friendliness and its frequent use by local authorities and research institutes for air pollution management (Leem et al. 2006; Behera et al., 2011). ArcMap is primarily used to view, edit, create, and analyze geospatial data, and it allows the user to explore data within a data set. The topographical map, issued by the Survey of India (SOI) (prepared in 1977) having scale of 1:50,000, was geo-coded as the base map in the form of polygons for geo-referencing the other maps. This base map was transformed to Universal Transverse Mercator projection with Everest 1956 as the datum. The other three maps, (a) land use, (b) road and railway intersection (from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi, India), and (3) ward (smallest political unit in a city) boundary (from Kanpur Municipal Corporation) were geo-referenced with respect to the base map.
Two fundamental approaches have been used by the air quality engineers for the development of emission inventories, i.e., top-down approach and bottom-up approach (Costa and Baldasano, 1996). Top-down approach estimates total emissions for the geographical area under study and then prorates those emissions in the different cells that constitute the spatial ambit of analysis (spatial disintegration), through parameters such as traffic, population and industrial density (Garg et al., 2002). However, the top-down approach is not appropriate at regional scale emission inventory due to many assumptions and inaccuracy present in base data itself and lack of better resolution. Bottom-up approach estimates emissions for all cells comprising selected geographical area. Bottom-up approach is preferred over top-down approach for better resolution and model performance. In this study, a detailed spatially resolved emission inventory has been developed using GIS with bottom-up approach.
The digitized map representing all 85 grids of the city with specific grid identification was embedded into ArcGIS and different files containing Arc attribute tables were created for various source categories. The activity level data for all the sources were stored in respective attribute tables for each grid. It may be noted that the largest source in the study area, the thermal power plant (coal-based), capacity of 200 MW has been accounted under point source. To obtain the total emission in a particular grid, emission from each source (within the grid) were added.
Where, E v is PM10 mass emission per day, i is the vehicle category, Veh is number of vehicles, D is distance traveled in km in one day by the vehicle i and EF is the mass emission factor for one kilometer (km) travel per vehicle. In this study, we have taken the Indian emission factors (CPCB 2007). The emission factors for CPCB are for different models (year of manufacturing and vehicle type) of all categories of vehicles. The emission factors vary considerably for engine size, fuel uses and age of the vehicles. From the results of parking-lot surveys, a composite emission factors for the broad vehicular categories (two-wheeler motorbikes, three-wheeler auto rickshaw and tempos, four-wheeler passenger cars and jeeps, light commercial vehicles and heavy duty vehicles) were worked out of all individual models of the vehicles indicating fraction of various vehicle categories on the road.
Where E h is mass emission of PM10 per day from households, j is the fuel type (e.g. LPG, coal, wood, and kerosene), Fuel is the mass consumption of fuel per day, and EF is mass emission factor. The suitable emission factors were taken from the USEPA AP-42 in the absence of factors developed in India (USEPA 1996).
Where E I is the mass emission of PM10 from industrial sources per day, i is the type of industry (boiler, cupola, smelter etc.), j is the type of fuel used, A is the quantity of fuel use, EF is the emission factor and ER overall emission reduction efficiency of devices installed (in percentage). The suitable emission factors were taken from the USEPA AP-42 in the absence of factors developed in India (USEPA 1996). These industries under point source categories were located using Leica GS-5 Global position system (GPS) receiver and the information was later utilized in dispersion modeling.
Where, E R is emission rate of size specific PM, (units same as k), i is the road type, sL is silt load (g m-2) on road i, W is mean weight of the vehicle fleet (tons) on road type. k is the base emission factor for particle size range and units of interest constant (function of particle size) in g vkt-1 (vehicle kilometer travel) (e.g. k = 4.6 g vkt-1 for PM10). The values of sL at various locations of the city were taken from Bhasker and Sharma (2008).
Where, E o is the emission of PM10 from all other source categories and source_category is the other area sources (i.e. diesel generator, open burning, construction and demolition, medical waste incinerator). Activity data is the amount of individual source category. Emission factor is the emission factor of PM10 by individual source category. The suitable emission factors were taken from the USEPA AP-42 (USEPA 1996).
The vector data of digitized maps was converted to different thematic layers to interact and to determine the locations of industries, areas of specific interest and also for editing emission factors. These thematic layers were used for computing emissions and extracting inventories. Different thematic layers were prepared including map of industrial activity, population, transportation layers, area boundaries etc. These are used to determine the surrogates as well as to identity the sources and to visually represent data. The attribute values in the map table can be edited allowing users to tweak values such as a feature’s population, number of vehicles on a road in each grid etc.
Where N is the number of wards (fraction of full ward) in that grid, and i represents a ward. Thus, the population for each grid was estimated and stored in GIS. The entire study area was assigned with six types of land-use patterns (Figure 2), i.e., residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, agricultural, and protected (military uses). Figure 3 can be referred as a detailed schematic diagram of the whole process in GIS to develop the emission inventory.
Figure 4 shows a representative traffic survey for two wheeler motorbikes held at six traffic intersections of the city. It is to be noted that traffic surveys were done at 13 traffic intersection of city. The traffic surveys revealed that two-wheeler motorbikes, three-wheeler auto rickshaw and tempos and four-wheeler passenger cars and jeeps were found to be more at the central part of the city (Rawatpur, Bada Chaurah and Colonelganj). Whereas a larger flow of heavy duty vehicles on the highways, especially the GT Road (IIT Gate and Ramadevi). Overall highest vehicular density was observed between 10:00 AM and 12:00 noon, and between 4:00 PM and 6:00 PM.
Figure 5 shows a representative of parking-lot survey for two wheeler motorbikes done at four important locations of the city in terms of engine size and year of manufacturing. This information is vital in calculating the emission from vehicles on the road. The emission factors vary considerably for engine size, fuel uses and age of the vehicles.
Figure 6 shows location of important industries treated as point sources (stack height ≥ 25.0 m). This figure was the map generated from the GIS and the activity data information was stored in the respective attribute tables to develop the final emission inventory.
Figure 7 presents emission load of PM10 in Kanpur from use of domestic fuel burning. Coal produces a significant pollution load, 985 kg/day, nearly 47 percent of total PM10 from domestic sector. Although coal is used by only a small fraction of population, PM emission factor is quite high from coal burning.
Among the vehicular sources, two-wheeler motorbikes contribute 0.14 ton day-1, 3-wheeler auto and tempos as 0.90 ton day-1, 4-wheeler cars and jeeps as 0.16 ton day-1, light commercial vehicles (LCV) as 0.45 ton day-1, and buses and trucks as 0.66 ton day-1. The reason for higher contribution from buses and trucks might be due to use of diesel which has a higher emission factor. Figure 8 shows the pie chart for PM10 emissions from various vehicles.
Figure 9 shows the spatial distribution of PM10 emission loads over the study area in year 2007. The high pollution areas are identified as the city centre, where most of the pollution activities and congestion problems exist. The emission from domestic sector largely depends on population, type of fuel use in the grid. Emission from vehicles depends on the type of vehicle and type of road. Emissions from industries depend on the capacity of industries, type of fuel for combustion, stack height and particular of the particulate control devices.
The contribution of all identified sources for PM10 has been shown in Figure 10. The total emissions of PM10 was estimated to be about ~11.2 ton day-1 with an overall break-up of: (i) industrial as point sources: 2.9 ton day-1 (26%), (ii) industry as area sources: 0.8 ton day-1 (7%), (iii) vehicles: 2.3 ton day-1 (21%), (iv) domestic fuel burning: 2.1 ton day-1 (19%), (v) paved and unpaved road dust: 1.6 ton day-1 (15%), (vi) open burning: 1.0 ton day-1 (5%), (vii) hotel and restaurant fuel uses: 0.4 ton day-1 (4%), (viii) DG sets: 0.1 ton day-1 (1%), and (ix) rest other sources 0.2 ton day-1 (2%). The highest emission was from the industrial point sources, mainly from a 200 MW coal-based thermal power plant (Panki power plant, Figure 2). The estimated emission suggests that there are many important sources and a composite emission abatement strategy including most of the sources will be required to attain the desired air quality.
Particulate pollution in the atmospheres of megacities becomes a major source of concern for public authorities. To understand precisely, the details of the sources responsible for particulate pollution, a PM10 emission inventory was carried out. The sources considered were: industries (point and area sources), vehicles, domestic and commercial fuel burning for cooking, paved and unpaved road dust, open burning, diesel generator sets and rest other identified sources. A methodology consisting of four steps was adopted for the desired PM10 emission inventory to be generated by using ArcGIS. The total emissions of PM10 was estimated to be about 11.2 ton day-1 with an overall break-up of: (i) industrial as point sources: 2.9 ton day-1 (26%), (ii) industry as area sources: 0.8 ton day-1 (7%), (iii) vehicles: 2.3 ton day-1 (21%), (iv) domestic fuel burning: 2.1 ton day-1 (19%), (v) paved and unpaved road dust: 1.6 ton day-1 (15%), (vi) open burning: 1.0 ton day-1 (5%), (vii) hotel and restaurant fuel uses: 0.4 ton day-1 (4%), (viii) DG sets: 0.1 ton day-1 (1%), and (ix) rest other identified sources (bakery, construction and demolition, medical waste incinerators) 0.2 ton day-1 (2%). The highest emission was from the industrial point sources, mainly from a 200 MW coal-based thermal power plant. The estimated emission suggests that there are many important sources and a composite emission abatement including most of the sources will be required to attain the desired air quality. | 2019-04-23T12:56:04Z | https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-air-pollution/development-of-gis-aided-emission-inventory-of-air-pollutants-for-an-urban-environment |
Worker fatally crushed by metal frame that fell off truck during unloading.
Worker fatally crushed between poles in a kiln.
Worker killed in fall from manlift.
Worker fatally shot by coworker.
Worker on stilts hanging drywall killed in fall.
Worker fatally crushed by rebar that fell from truck.
Worker died after being caught in pin setting equipment.
Worker struck and killed by forklift.
Worker cleaning window killed in fall.
Worker operating skid steer loader killed after being pinned by the bucket brace bar.
Worker fatally crushed between aerial lift basket railing and sprinkler pipe.
Worker killed in fall through gap between jet and jet bridge.
Worker killed when lanyard became caught in pump motor.
Three workers hospitalized when machine oven exploded.
Three workers hosptalized after being trapped in home during fire suppression activities.
Worker fatally crushed between fabricated metal structure and work bench.
Worker killed when clothing became caught in machine drill.
Worker fatally crushed by scissor lift.
Worker welding on steel decking killed in fall.
Six workers hospitalized in a natural gas main explosion.
Worker drowned when loader fell into sludge filled ditch.
Worker fatally crushed between cab frame and overhead crane.
Worker killed when disabled truck rolled over.
Worker killed in vehicle collision with semi-truck.
Worker killed in fall on portable stairs.
Worker on snow-covered roof killed in fall through skylight.
Worker died after falling on showroom floor.
Worker struck and killed by collapsed section of masonry wall.
Worker struck and killed by switchboard that fell from forklift.
Worker fatally burned by barrel fire being used to provide warmth.
Worker killed in tank explosion.
Worker killed in fall from top of boat.
Worker fatally crushed between tow truck and car about to be towed.
Worker killed in fall from roof.
Worker killed in fall from flatbed trailer.
Worker on roof killed in fall through skylight.
Worker slipped and suffered fatal fall on ice.
Worker on farm struck and killed by truck backing up in field.
Worker killed by auger after being pulled by machinery into empty chiller tank.
Worker clearing power lines from tree killed in fall from bucket lift.
Worker fatally engulfed by gravel after falling into silo during cleaning operations.
Employee died after a front end loader equipped with forks backed up and struck him.
Worker fatally crushed frame of elevator leg tipped over and collapsed.
Worker drowned after becoming pinned under wheel of tractor in irrigation canal.
Worker struck and killed by crane.
Worker struck and killed by motor vehicle.
Worker fatally crushed between two semi trailers.
Worker electrocuted while changing out transformer.
Worker struck and killed by construction vehicle.
Worker fatally crushed by falling load.
Worker strucjk and killed by pipe.
Worker killed in fall from ladder.
Worker struck and killed by piece of rebar.
Worker pinned and fatally crushed between boom and frame of outrigger.
Worker recovering disabled vehicle in breakdown lane struck and killed by truck.
Worker killed in motor vehicle collision.
Worker killed in fall from steel structure.
Worker electrocuted by highway exit ramp light post.
Worker struck and killed by falling pipe.
Worker struck and killed by plow.
Worker electrocuted when boom of oil well service rig contacted powerline.
Worker struck and killed by motor vehicle that swerved into work zone.
Worker caught and fatally crushed between pick-up truck and semi tractor trailer.
Worker died after sustaining acid burn from pipes.
Two workers killed in explosion at pyrotechnic plant.
Worker electrocuted after contacting energized utility pole wire.
Worker fatally crushed between vehicle and building.
Worker struck and killed by pipe.
Worker cutting telephone lines killed in fall from ladder placed on bed of pick-up truck.
Three workers hospitalized after being overcome by CO gas.
Worker getting out of truck struck and killed when it rolled backwards.
Worker killed in fall from scaffolding.
Worker fatallly crushed underneath trailer while repairing brakes.
Worker struck and killed by dumpster being emptied into garbage truck.
Employee died after being crushed between the backhoe boom and the tractor.
Worker killed after becoming caught in machine.
Worker struck and killed by water tank when it ruptured.
Worker fatally crushed between car and wall.
Worker struck and killed by roller that disengaged from hide fleshing machine.
Worker struck and killed wheel of trailer.
Worker erecting aerial lift fatally crushed between frame and ceiling joist.
Worker struck and killed by steel tubes.
Worker erecting tower crane fatally crushed by frame.
Worker killed in fall from mountain while ice climbing.
Worker killed when arm was caught in pump truck.
Worker killed in fall from roof dormer.
Worker killed after falling onto conveyor.
Worker killed in vehicle collison.
Worker killed in fall from scissor lift knocked over by collapsing wall.
Warehouse worker on order picker killed in fall.
Worker performing crossing guard duties fatally struck by car.
Worker killed when vehicle ran down embankment.
Worker struck and killed by wrench.
Worker fatally crushed by van that slipped off jack.
Worker killed by fuel tank that fell from forklift.
Worker struck and killed by hopper that fell from forklift.
Employee fatally crushed by skid steer bucket.
Worker fatally cruashed inside banding machine.
Employee killed when an elevated trailer fell on him.
Worker performing landscaping activities died from exposure to weed killer.
Worker killed in fly ash fire.
Worker fatally crushed by steel plates being unloadded from flat bed trailer.
Worker killed in fall from scissor lift.
Worker fatally crushed when electrical cabinet fell over.
Worker performing framing operations killed in fall.
Worker struck and killed by flat bed trailer.
Worker killed in fall from ladder after receiving electric shock.
Worker killed in fall from tree.
Worker killed in fall down unguarded elevator shaft.
Worker killed after being pulled into mulching machine.
Worker struck and killed by rim of crane tire.
Worker struck and killed by truck backing up.
Worker struck and killed by car in highway construction zone.
Worker performing bridge demolition fatally crushed by falling ramp.
Worker killed in fall from scissor lift platform.
Worker struck and killed by bushing ejected from hydraulic press.
Worker fatally engulfed by cotton seeds in back of truck.
Worker struck and killed by vehicle.
Worker killed in fall in parking lot.
Two workers struck and killed by motor vehicle.
Worker struck and killed by jersey barrier.
Worker died from atmospheric exposure to tank battery.
Worker killed in fall from scissor lift that was struck by crane.
Worker killed in fall through second floor opening.
Worker fatally shot during attempted robbery.
Worker struck and killed by dump truck backing up.
Worker killed in fall from canopy truss.
Worker fatally shot during robbery.
Worker killed in fall from height.
Worker fatally crushed by marble slab that fell during loading.
Worker caught and killed by spinning steel rebar.
Worker struck and killed by falling crane boom.
Worker fatally crushed when truck fell off of jack stand.
Workker killed in fall from scaffold.
Worker fatally engulfed in grain storage bin.
Worker fatally crushed between logs.
Worker died after slipping and striking head.
Worker struck and killed by object.
Worker fatally crushed when idling construction vehicle rolled down slope.
Worker fatally crushed by fracking storage tank that fell from trailer.
Worker fatally crushed between basement and elevator.
Gun store owner shot and killed during attempted robbery.
Worker killed after being caught in power transmission shaft of concrete crusher.
Worker killed in fall from well service rig derrick.
Worker struck and killed when pressurized air line exploded.
Worker fatally crushed between forklift and trailer.
Six workers hospitalized and one killed when sand hopper caught fire.
Worker struck and killed by metal screen.
Worker struck and killed by pallet that fell from forklift.
Worker on construction site killed in fall from ladder.
Worker struck and killed by fire apparatus.
Worker electrocuted when boom contacted high voltage line.
Worker died after being caught in rotating drive shaft of concrete pump truck.
Doctor fatally shot while working at medical facility.
Worker killed when forklift tipped over.
Worker struck and killed by falling utility pole.
Worker struck and killed by cage door that fell from semi-truck.
Worker killed in fall from skateboard.
Worker killed when farm tractor rolled over into pond.
Between January 1st, 2015 and March 5th, 2015 alone, 179 workers were killed at their worksites in the U.S. This map marks the locations these workers were killed, and tells the stories of how they died.
Though the numbers are overwhelming, it is important to note what is not on this map. Absent are all of the workers who are seriously injured on the job, and the vast number of workers who become ill, often fatally ill, because of exposure to dangerous substances on the job. | 2019-04-23T10:00:40Z | https://maps.nulawlab.org/view/osha-reported-workplace-fatalities |
Owen Garriott entered this world on November 22, 1930 in Enid, Oklahoma and left it for the first time on July 28, 1973 when a Saturn 1-B rocket propelled him to the new Skylab space station, where he was to live for the next three months. Having received a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma and his MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, Owen joined the elite group of NASA astronauts in 1965 as a member of "Group 4."
Following his trip to Skylab as a member of the Skylab 3 mission, Mr. Garriott next rocketed into space 10 years later aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia as a Mission Specialist for STS-9, the first of the Spacelab missions.
I had the opportunity to speak with Mr. Garriott on February 7, 1998. Following is a transcript of that conversation.
Jim Plaxco (JP): With your long association with the space program, what are your feelings about the state of space exploration today?
Owen Garriott (OG): It's struggling along. We are finally getting to the point where the space station is about to become a reality, which has been roughly a 10 year building effort since the contract was first approved back in late 1987. Its been a very long time in coming but now the next few years should see most of the space station put together, and we're beginning to see some interest in the additional science that goes with planetary exploration.
So things are coming along but we are spending too little on it - less than one percent of the federal budget whereas at the peak of the Apollo years, it was more like three percent of the federal budget. So, in terms of the government's effort, it's running roughly one third what it was in the early 1960's. So I have those problems with it but we are making progress. It's still a lot of money, but it's still a substantially smaller fraction than what we used in the early days of Apollo.
JP: Were your surprised by the extent to which we have become involved with Russia in joint efforts in space exploration?
OG: No, I'm not surprised and also I am pleased by that. I think that the joint effort is quite a good one. I think it's a very wise thing for NASA and the government to have done; to involve ourselves with the Russians, who obviously are a very strong space power in terms of their capability. They have all of the space records in terms of human endurance. They've had a space station which has been continuously manned for over 10 years and has worked well beyond its design lifetime. There is a lot they can bring to the joint development of the space station.
From a political standpoint, which I am not at all an expert on, it seems to me to be a good idea. It's much better for us to be cooperating with the Russians in space than competing in a military arena for example. So, I think it does a lot to benefit our country, both from an overall political perspective as well as from the specifics of working together in an area in which the Russians have a lot to contribute.
JP: From your recollections, what was the best part about being in space?
OG: The experience itself was probably the best part. There are several things that are so unique about the space experience that they just really stand out. The two that I am going to mention are both quite obvious. The first thing is the perspective - the ability to see things from altitudes of 400-500 kilometers above the earth's surface - the great dimensions for your view or perspective, the beautiful things that can only be seen from space: whole hurricanes from edge to edge; aurora from the top instead of from just the bottom; clouds and storm structures in their entirety; major geological features. You can see the entire arrangement, connections that are not possible when you are down on the surface. So the viewpoint from space is perhaps the strongest impression and the most impressive thing that the space environment provides.
The second experience is the weightless environment - where you can really float freely and become really adapted to the space environment as you do in most cases after a week or two in space. You can manage your body and do aerobatics and all types of activities that you can only dream about being able to do when you are earthbound by the one gee gravitational field that we all experience here.
So those are the two things that really make space unique. First of all, the perspective; second, the lack of gravity to hold you down.
JP: You've flown twice in space: once aboard Skylab for two months with two other fellows, and the second time aboard the space shuttle with five other people for ten days. What really struck you about the differences in the nature of the two types of missions?
OG: I would say that the most distinctive difference was just the thing you pointed out - the duration. When you can fly for sixty days, you can operate somewhat more slowly and have the opportunity to iterate on the experimental work that you are doing. You make a new observation, perhaps one that you hadn't expected - you have a chance for the principle investigators on the ground to see it, talk over that result with them and create a second generation experiment that takes advantage of that observation. Or you may complete a test and get either an expected or unexpected result - you have a chance to talk it over and settle on what the next step or test should be right while you are in space on the same flight.
On shorter flights, you come back, analyze the data, and it may be two or three years before you have a chance to get back in space to do the second generation experiment.
So the longer flights are in some ways much more productive because you can iterate on your experiment results and take the second or third step; something that you would not have time for on the shorter flights.
JP: When you came back from the Skylab mission, how long did it take before you felt like you were back to your old self and fully recovered from the effects of the space environment?
OG: In most ways, you recover rather quickly. The area that most people are curious about has to do with your sense of balance and your vestibular system. It takes typically three to six days before you've adapted to a weightless environment. Then, as it turns out, it takes three to six days when you come back home before your sense of balance seems perfectly normal.
For example, I remember a peculiar, humorous incident that happened on both flights. After coming back from space, I went to go to bed the first night. I flipped the light switch off and then I realized I couldn't walk back to my bed because I had no way of determining what was up and down because the lights were out and I couldn't see. I had to turn the light back on, then go over and turn on a light next to the bed, then turn the wall light off and then turn the light next to the bed off once I was actually sitting on the edge of the bed.
In space, you have forgotten your vestibular system. You don't have your sense of feel, your proprioceptive senses to tell you what's up and down, so you rely entirely on your eyes and that happens after being in space for three to six days. You get the same thing coming back out - it takes several days before you have once again learned to use your vestibular system to tell you what's up and down after the lights are turned out. So it's typically just a few days, either going into or coming back from space, before that particular system of your body has readapted.
Other parts of your body, like your blood system, may take several months. For example, the red cells in your body have been adapted for the right concentration for a weightless environment. When you come back, you are typically somewhat anemic, a little bit low in the number of red cells, and it will take two to three months before your count is back to normal because that is the lifetime of a red blood cell.
JP: What was the biggest challenge you faced on either of the two missions that you flew?
OG: I can't think of any particular challenge to comment on. We did an awful lot of training for off-nominal situations. For example, in Skylab we had rendezvous problems, thrusters went out, but we were trained to manage the spacecraft with a reduced number of thrusters available. We had to make repairs, but we had done training underwater in the Neutral Buoyancy Tank to learn how to handle those kinds of difficulties. I can think of no particular challenge that we had not, to some degree, anticipated the possibility of. We were comfortable with all the work that we were called upon to do.
JP: What do you think of some of the new directions today: the calls for increased commercialization; cheap access to space; trying to make space travel less of an elitist type activity?
OG: There will be expanded opportunities starting with the least expensive and simplest things to do, like zero-g flights. Parabolic flights can be done in an airplane right now. They do require aircraft to be modified in special ways but I think we will see zero-g flights available to the public, maybe within the next year.
Following that, there are attempts to build rocket ships that can fly to the edge of space on suborbital flights, the way Shepard and Grissom did on the first two Mercury flights. I think they will be coming along and I think there will be opportunities for private passengers to fly on those within the next several years.
Eventually, I'm sure there will be tourists in space staying at hotels like the space station, but that is going to be a few more years.
JP: When you travel around and talk to people, what is your feeling about people's level of awareness of the space program, where it's going, and how its contributed to our lives?
OG: Adults are not particularly aware of the historical things. But on the other hand, those who have some interest in space or aviation often turn out to be remarkably aware. From kids, when they studied it in class, you get remarkably good questions. When you talk to schools, all the way from say 4th through 6th graders and on up into high school, those who have an interest and those who have spent a little time studying it are remarkably aware of what's going on and have some excellent questions about the future.
JP: Do you see space as a motivator in the class room, to get kids interested in science?
OG: I think that it is and some of the best evidence comes from the participants that show up at the space camps all around the country. Not only our country but Canada, Belgium, and Japan all have space camps of their own. The one in Huntsville, which is my home town, graduates something like 20,000 young people every year. I have never found one yet who didn't come out happy, enthusiastic, and having had a marvelous experience. Its quite a pleasure to see them enjoying something and finding that to be such a motivator.
On that same subject, I was just talking to one of the schools here in Palatine yesterday and the teachers pointed out two young boys there, both of whom happened to be named Michael, and they had some of the best questions for me, and the teachers were pointing out that until two or three months ago they had both seemed very uninterested in scholastic kinds of things and just were not interested in getting their school work done. They had no particular motivation to excel in academic work - and their studies now, based on the space activities and some of our trip to Antarctica, has completely changed their perspective.
That supports the kind of conclusion you suggested in your question. It is a motivator for a lot of young people. Providing exploration activities like a trip to Antarctica or like space travel can sometimes turn kids on who otherwise had perhaps been bored with the standard classroom curriculum. Maybe they are ready to move much faster than the standard curriculum would have provided because both of these two boys, as personal examples, are bright young kids and perhaps it was one of the things that provided the extra motivation for them to move out more quickly.
JP: If you had to opportunity to go up on the space station, would you be interested?
OG: Sure, I'd be pleased to go. I don't expect them to provide that opportunity. There is something like at least 100 people in line right now down at the Johnson Space Center so that's a very choice assignment that many people have already been working many years for. | 2019-04-26T07:47:30Z | http://www.astrodigital.org/space/intgarriott.html |
We know the devastations and the ramifications of untreated ADHD and oftentimes treatments don’t always work all that well and we spend years, upon years looking for the magic potion. Yet, sooner or later, we come to a point when we realize that one doesn’t exist. Or, does it? No, probably not, but something else does exist and it can come pretty darn close.
Have you ever been beat down, physically punished to the point that the pain is so horrible you can’t even see straight, much less think straight? I have, more times than I care to remember. I’ve been through horrendous, painful things that have been brought on by my untreated, undiagnosed ADHD and a lot of it before I ever reached my teens.
You might think I would grow to be an extremely resentful, angry and hurt person. You would be right. I was, for a very long time. Indeed, sadly, I was. I could have remained that way, it was natural, and no one would blame me, because it was understandable. It was a very depressing feeling like there was no hope for the future. Not only was I affected, but those nearest to me as well, because my despair and hopelessness wasn’t containable no matter how well I tried to hide under a smile or the appearance of stalwart compliance. It was like a disease that consumed me from within and spread to those around me, which is an unavoidable consequence.
Starting at the age of 12 I worked behind a bar serving drinks.
You might think that I started drinking early and that I enjoy a few too many. (Read One Boy’s Struggle!) However, the more I served drinks the more I grew to detest the smell of anything with alcohol in it, and I still cannot stand the taste. From that perspective I can say it was a gift to start working at the age of 12 behind a bar. However, for a long time I resented it and let the feelings that I had lost my childhood create bitterness within me. Who could blame me? Would you? But, the thing is, bitterness doesn’t help and it certainly doesn’t make me feel any better. Many years later in therapy I learned about keywords, which are to be used to interrupt and stop destructive thoughts. My primary keyword has become ‘gift’ as it is an extremely positive and inspiring word with powerful meaning to me.
When I sought the help of a therapist in 1998 it eventually changed my life dramatically. At the time I was sickly, angry and had thoughts of rage blinding me from living a fruitful life. I got mad at, snapped at and reject anyone who told me I could live a positive, fulfilling life if I would just reexamine and reframe my thoughts. How dare they? How dare they suggest that it was possible and furthermore, if they walked in my shoes, just for a day, only one day mind you, they would see their suggestions were folly? Life isn’t made of sunshine and roses, didn’t they realize that? I believed that life is cruel and unforgiving and that people who think positively about life are just fooling themselves. Well, someone wasn’t thinking straight about life and it wasn’t them. Justified or not, I was wrong. I was living a defeatist life and was getting upset with others because they didn’t see things the way I did, and thank goodness they didn’t.
Yes, I lived a pretty sad existence for a long while. Don’t get me wrong, it wasn’t always obvious to others. I had a kind disposition about me that was always there, it didn’t allow me to be cruel or put anyone else down. Although therapists have told me I am lucky because there is a risk for people to develop a hostile nature and to unwittingly bully or inflict their pain on others. But I internalized my negative feelings and did enough of it to myself. It was extremely damaging for a very long time and it, along with the symptoms of my yet to be diagnosed ADD, held me back emotionally and educationally.
I tend to believe the majority of them share similar experiences, internalizing any pain and shame, yet for the most part keeping it hidden. Unfortunately, over time the pain and resentment builds up inside when it goes untreated. Those few who do lash out may do so very destructively and aggressively toward themselves or others. That’s why I firmly believe it is so important that educators and parents are aware of ADD / ADHD and other disorders and the availability of assistance and professional counseling. Also, far too many people have been subjected to ridicule and abuse because they learn or behave differently because of ADD / ADHD and that has to stop.
For many years I would wake up in cold sweats from nightmares. I would awaken suddenly because I thought I heard my name yelled for me to come to the living room or dining room, because yet again, I had done something wrong and, as usual, I didn’t know what I had done wrong. And worse, that was when I lived alone. It was terrifying and it wasn’t a delusion. I was informed later by my therapist that I was experiencing PTSD.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very wicked and dangerous disorder which develops in people who have lived through terrifying and horrific experiences. If you know someone with PTSD, please take it very seriously as triggers can be devastating. If you have it, then I can tell you from my experience that PTSD is treatable, but it takes time. I still have PTSD; I awoke from a nightmare this morning. Now however, I can better manage my reaction to my nightmares. They do not have the chilling, fearful, lingering effects that they once did, because my perspective has changed. I have learned to strive for mindfulness, to be aware that it’s just a nightmare and that I am safe. If you had told me that I could learn to cope with my fears and nightmares pre-therapy, I would have said you were out of your mind, but then I would have been wrong about that as well.
Is that life isn’t always easy, it can feel downright unbearable at times, but overall life is a positive experience. I am happy and thankful for the life I have. I have learned over the years, thanks to therapy and good positive influences, that life can be something wonderful and that everything, no matter how harsh and devastating can be cast in a positive light. I strive for positivity every day in everything I do. For me, I call it the gift of positivity. I share my experiences with others so that they too may hopefully discover something great and inspiring about themselves, whatever that might be for them.
I’ve learned that life is too darn short to live it negatively and with resentment. Not everything is sunshine and roses, but sunshine and roses do exist, I can see the sunshine and smell the roses now. There is no magic potion to treat ADHD, PTSD or any other disorder for that matter. At least, not that I am aware of, but within all of us is a human spirit, that special feeling inside that can be far more beneficial than any negative perception may have us believe. But the thing is, when I was there, in the darkness, I couldn’t see that and I rejected that standpoint out right. So what I am trying to say, to anyone that might be there, where I was, there is hope, and there is joy to be had in the world, but sometimes we need help to find it and there’s nothing wrong with that.
Others may have pushed you down, others may try to keep you there, or even put you back in their little box, and, if anyone is like I was, you probably chastise yourself even more so than anyone could ever hope to, but within all of us is that human spirit of resilience. We can rise, we can be better, we can improve and we can start to see the gifts in our lives and we can create things into gifts in any way, form or however we want to, to help us better cope. Because, really, that’s what it is about. When you wake up one day, as I did from a nightmare this morning, you may find yourself doing what I did. I got up and walked to the window to enjoy the beautiful view of a world outside, full of wonders and possibilities that I still want to enjoy and discover! Today is a good day and I am thankful to be here to enjoy it. I hope you are too.
Happy New Year! I believe this will be our best year ever! 2011 is a gift, and my new year’s wish is that each us find our own ways to enjoy it and live to our potential.
Kid Nation — death? what the…??? | 2019-04-20T02:20:04Z | http://www.adderworld.com/blog1/2011/01/02/the-gift-of-positivity-even-with-adhd/ |
Scientific knowledge is key to climate mitigation governance. However, effective exchange between science and policy is challenging. Science-policy theory suggests collaboration, stakeholder participation and iterative communication as key principles for improving the science-policy interface. The Horizon 2020 project “Coordination and Assessment of Research and Innovation in Support of climate Mitigation Actions” (CARISMA) attempted to implement these principles. To help other projects learn from CARISMA’s experiences, this Guideline article critically discusses how the CARISMA project fared. CARISMA’s activities included stakeholder engagement through feedback loops, interviews with Advisory Board members, and an information platform. Experiences were discussed in a workshop with science-policy practitioners. Theory and workshop participants’ insights led to the identification of seven practical directions towards a more effective exchange between science and policy, aimed at policymakers, funding agencies and researchers: 1) Know the researcher’s role; 2) Work with policy dynamics; 3) Use alternative communication means; 4) Allow for flexibility in projects’ deliverables and milestones; 5) Be realistic about the possibility of stakeholder engagement; 6) Adjust funding criteria; 7) Invest in stable knowledge infrastructures.
Addressing climate change requires scientific knowledge. The academic literature formulates various theories on how to improve the use of scientific knowledge in policy. However, effective exchange between science and policy is challenging in practice. Scientific knowledge often mismatches the needs of policy makers. Therefore, improving the effective exchange between science and policy is an important challenge for those working in applied research projects and in research funding agencies. In this Guideline article we draw on the European Union Horizon 2020 project “Coordination and Assessment of Research and Innovation in Support of climate Mitigation Actions” (CARISMA) to share practical experiences and formulate recommendations to improve the so called ‘science-policy interface’.
CARISMA aimed not to develop new knowledge per se, but rather assess, synthesise and exchange existing knowledge. The project design was based upon theory-informed principles. Those principles are genuine two-directional communication, translation of knowledge towards different audiences, and active mediation in conflicts about knowledge. These principles informed the use of ‘stakeholder feedback loops’, two advisory bodies that contain a broad group of stakeholders and a climate mitigation knowledge platform. Realising a productive collaboration between scientists and policy makers and producing knowledge that was directly useful in policy was difficult. Firstly, we conclude that supplying readily applicable knowledge for policy is often not realistic. Researchers have more useful roles in the science-policy interface than only a consultant like role of direct knowledge supply. Facilitating learning by presenting alternatives, new uncertain knowledge or engagement in collaborative reflection was also highly valued. Secondly, we that incentives and requirements are not always aligned towards collaboration between science and policy. The temporary project funding makes it difficult to invest in permanent knowledge exchange infrastructure, such as online platforms. Creating practical mechanisms that stimulate collaboration are important. Based on CARISMA experiences, we formulate seven recommendations to improve the exchange between science and policy.
Addressing climate change relies on scientific knowledge . However, both producing policy-relevant knowledge and crafting evidence-based policy are challenging . All too often, decision-makers find that research results are published too late to be of use, or are beside the point. In turn, researchers are confronted with policy questions that are hard to answer in a scientifically sound way. These observations influences a burgeoning literature with principles on organising more open and collaborative knowledge systems and research projects that inform funding schemes for societal challenges . In response, the Horizon2020 project CARISMA (Coordination and Assessment of Research and Innovation in Support of climate Mitigation Actions) has had the ambition to coordinate and support the maintenance, assessment and communication of climate change mitigation knowledge for decision-makers in both the public and the private sector.
The organisation of CARISMA was built upon the general theoretical principles of collaborative knowledge production. From the start, the project plan acknowledged that climate mitigation is a ‘wicked issue’ . Such stubborn issues are characterised by multiple perspectives on what ‘the problem’ actually is, and therefore what knowledge is needed to address it. In wicked problems, yesterday’s solutions may become tomorrow’s problems. When preferences for what needs to be done vary and stakes are high, knowledge may become contested [2, 7, 8]. Stimulating participation and facilitating reciprocal communication between experts, policymakers and societal stakeholders was central to CARISMA’s project design to improve mutual understanding and facilitate knowledge exchange. With this design, CARISMA aimed to circulate knowledge simultaneously perceived as salient (meaning politically useful, feasible and timely), credible (scientifically sound) and legitimate (societally acceptable), following the criteria of Cash and colleagues .
This Guideline aims to offer both practical lessons for practitioners of the science-policy interface and propose suggestions to strengthen the interface. We reflect on the key choices CARISMA made in the project design, the practical forms it used to forge collaboration and the problems it encountered doing so. We build on our observations of the project made during formal interviews, reflection workshops, informal talks and documents analysis, and confront these observations with the scientific theory on these matters. In line with the theory on which we draw, a first draft essay functioned as a starting point of a workshop with practitioners of the science-policy interface, involving also other Horizon2020 projects focussing on decarbonisation pathways in combination with explicit collaborative and participatory objectives (TRANSrisk, REINVENT and DEEDS). During this workshop the reflections were refined, tested and jointly elaborated in a series of lessons for the design of projects that seek to bring science and policy together. The last section of this Guideline summarises seven directions that we recommend for improving the navigations of the interface between science and policy. Those directions were validated in an extensive review by policymakers and researchers.
CARISMA was funded as a ‘Coordination and Support Act’ under the EU Horizon 2020 programme with a budget of approximately 1.5 million euros in 2014–2018. As such, the project was supposed not to develop new scientific knowledge per se, but rather provide synthesis, assessment and communication of existing climate knowledge. Nevertheless, identifying and addressing knowledge gaps was part of the project. Embedded in various work packages (i.e. innovation, mitigation options, policy, governance, international cooperation), the project was to support and develop mitigation policies by first providing an overview of technical and social options, evaluate them in economic, environmental, social and political terms, and communicate in terms to facilitate public and private governance processes with ‘useful’ knowledge. Given the diversity of the relevant that were to be integrated, the project involved natural scientists, economists, social scientists and legal scholars based t universities and think thanks.
The academic literature highlights three central activities of effective boundary organisations that intermediate between science and politics [9, 11]. First, communication is to be iterative and two-directional. Second, information needs to be continuously translated for multiple audiences involved. Third, conflicting interests about knowledge require active mediation.
Two-directional engagement in CARISMA was organised at different levels. ‘Feedback loops’ were a key element of the project. Actively targeting stakeholders, those loops were to harvest questions, provide answers via assessment and identify follow up questions, etc. In various rounds, ‘generalist’ stakeholders were queried about mitigation knowledge needs, as well as for inputs in the project. The double advisory board, one representing the policy community and the other the business world, were regularly consulted and interviewed extensively once (in late Fall 2015) for advice on the project. On a more concrete level, stakeholders were engaged on specific topics in work packages. In the work packages, stakeholder needs were assessed and workshops consistently included both practitioners and researchers. In CARISMA’s case, the (potential) stakeholder group was broad. Involved stakeholders varied from practitioners technical options to those working on governance arrangements for technology transfer or innovation. Also, stakeholders worked in both the private and public sector. This made it hard to serve all needs and choices were necessary. Yet it also provided the opportunity to be useful to different policy communities.
Several key issues regarding the three central activities stand out. Realising iterative and two-directional communication via feedback loops proved difficult in practice. With a flying start in the first year, knowledge needs expressed were quite broad. Questions included how to embed mitigation options in socio-economic planning, how to create market conditions for particular transitions, and under what conditions do options and policies ‘work’ . In general, those questions are very hard to credibly answer via ‘normal’ scientific research and readily available bodies of knowledge on those issues which could be assessed and synthesised were limited. While some questions were out of the project scope, addressing the questions required choices to be made on which issues the development of new expertise was to be based. This yielded a need to redirect the project and also deciding on what loops could not be followed up.
In addition, gradually, commitment to the feedback loops faded. Time investment for both researchers and practitioners was substantial, while other priorities loomed. During CARISMA’s kick-off meeting, many researchers implicitly resonated what is termed the ‘linear model’ of science-policy relations: filling a reservoir of knowledge to be transferred to policy . Complete the substantive tasks of the grant agreement and then move to communication. Moreover, the linear model still informs ideas of policy officials and knowledge institutions developed at the European level, albeit sometimes in an ‘inverted’ form. For example, when a new project or organisational form is set up to facilitate ‘knowledge transfer’. The fading enthusiasm risked the feedback loops to remain single shots.
In science-policy workshops, the importance of interaction in multiple cycles was stressed in order to gradually develop both more useful knowledge by researchers and better answerable questions by practitioners. Thus, iterative communication is much more than the active circulating of knowledge in attractive communicative formats such as policy briefs, one-pagers, infographics or tweets. Notwithstanding the importance of form, iterative and two-directional communication is about learning via dialogue. Learning by both researchers and policymakers on their respective roles and expectations requires investments by both.
Active mediation in conflicting interests about knowledge was therefore necessary. Informed by the advisory board’s feedback, the CARISMA coordinator, supported by the project officer with the European Commission (not a project member), continuously pushed outcome (salient products), rather than output (deliverables). An internal review system was set up involving both researchers and advisory board members. This measure aimed to institutionalise that publications were interrogated on their epistemic credibility as well as on their policy salience. In project meetings, policy processes, such as those surrounding the Paris Agreement implementation, were reviewed and discussed for links where the CARISMA work could add value, and follow-up action was agreed.
On a more systemic level, however, it seems the case that CARISMA aimed to commensurate two conflicting ideas. On the one hand, CARISMA was about assessment. This means compiling evidence, making it more readily accessible and presenting it in salient ways. On the other hand, CARISMA was about research. The project also aimed to fill knowledge gaps on mitigation options and policies, and “upstreaming stakeholders in the production of knowledge”. The conflict was not just about how to allocate resources among the two ideas, but also about how to advise policy: providing an overview of (dis)agreements in different studies or providing novel research results?
The aforementioned conflicting ideas about project goals and difficulties of maintaining ongoing feedback loops also signify two more structural challenges CARISMA faced.
The first issue concerns the question on how knowledge ends up in policy [1, 15]. And, more importantly, what does that mean for the possible roles of those working in the borderlands of science and policy [16, 17]? A dominant perspective held by many stakeholders, and what seems the holy grail for many CARISMA researchers as well, is the need to provide ‘actionable’ information. Actionable is then equal to those mitigation options, suggestions and data that can directly inform officials working on policies.
In this rationalist view, the policy process is portrayed as a process dominated by ‘puzzling’: knowledge is used to make policies more evidence-based. Researchers can have a ‘consultant’ role in which they develop and supply knowledge for clear and stable problems. Unfortunately, research has shown this type of ‘instrumental use’ (see Table 1 below) to be very rare, especially in dense and noisy policy arenas. Of course, practical problems are important, to which we return later. But the main argument here is that this type of use is usually restricted to those policy issues that are uncontested, depoliticised and scientifically relatively structured. None of these conditions apply to climate mitigation policy.
Political science conceives the role of knowledge much more strategic and underscores that policymaking is about ‘powering’. This more cynical take suggests concrete knowledge gets used predominantly to underline standpoints when real decisions already taken. This is termed ‘symbolic use’. Some of the stakeholders warned CARISMA to provide knowledge to be impartial. Still, a supposedly impartial knowledge claim can always become ammunition in partisan debates. Involving multiple normative viewpoints and disclosing the procedures in which knowledge is translated can strengthen the perceived legitimacy of the boundary organisation in question.
Interestingly, studies on policy change come up with even different types of knowledge use. Already in the 1970s, Carol Weiss argued that knowledge finds its ways to policy in a more indirect and conceptual manner. Knowledge offers ongoing reflection, doubt and alternatives to policymakers. In her ‘enlightenment’ type of knowledge use, the policy and research communities gradually learn to see alternative problems and solutions. This view links up with contemporary ideas that a key role for researchers is to ‘open up’ issues [3, 19]. Researchers then either act as honest brokers of alternatives . Their role is then raising new questions and bring in knowledge-based alternatives. They remain in an intermediate position between knowledge production and use. Alternatively they can take a role of participatory knowledge producers , in which they take a more active position in developing new knowledge and facilitating broader deliberation. These roles are often especially related to wicked problems such as climate change, in which value disputes loom and science is inherently incomplete .
The final suggested variant is termed ‘political use’, building on the idea that knowledge is a strategic resource in political power disputes. Some knowledge cannot get used until a paradigmatic shift in the way an issue is conceptualised happens, or when a political landslide brings a different group in power, and hence a ‘window of opportunity’ opens up . Researchers can act as entrepreneurs to push knowledge to negotiation tables. This requires the uneasy task of being at the table at the right moment and being keenly aware of political processes.
It is up to CARISMA and other projects to acknowledge that there are several types of knowledge use [8, 15, 18] and that there are multiple valuable roles researchers can play [16, 17]. Sometimes researchers can play a consultant role, tailoring knowledge in such a form that it can directly be used in policy. However, one needs to acknowledge that silver bullet knowledge solutions are not always realistic. It may find its way into the policy realm, but only as other ideas, models, data and narratives have softened up the community for its acceptance. During interviews with stakeholders and the advisory boards, the importance of other roles was also emphasised as valuable.
The appreciation of a ‘learning space’ to reflect on new, yet not directly implementable, ideas was also expressed by CARISMA’s advisory board members and stakeholders. CARISMA documents, but especially meetings were named by some interviewed stakeholders a ‘learning space’: to keep up with new ideas and allowing for dialogues to explore also uncertainties and the limits of knowledge. Hence, to facilitate learning and reflection, researchers can play a role to open up ways of thinking with alternatives, criticise core policy assumptions, or provide novel, yet not readily applicable, new insights. Also, sometimes researchers have to be messengers that knowledge is incomplete or uncertain. A mediating role may be in situations be useful, e.g. in illuminating conflicts in which knowledge is disputed with alternative claims.
The lesson for CARISMA is that it should be aware of the possibility of multiple useful roles, which emphasise different tasks (e.g. supplying knowledge, bridging fields or facilitating stakeholders to learn) and require different skills (e.g. in communication and process support). The project goal of synthesising and assessing knowledge of mitigation options in factsheets and databases, requires a supplying role in researchers focussing on the scientific credibility of knowledge. Engagement with stakeholders can then be less intensive and is about making information more accessible and understandable. The goal to facilitate collaborative learning about policy-relevant issues stakeholder engagement must be more intensive. Negotiating roles and being transparent about what a researcher can and cannot do, within what timeframe and within what normative starting points, is important to maintain credibility and trust in case of disputes over knowledge.
The second issue is that researchers and policymakers respond to communities with different cultures. Collaboration via several iterative cycles is not necessarily rewarded. A stream of literature suggests that the practical mismatches in timing, language and messages are a result of differences in cultures, reward systems and codes of conduct [2, 20]. To counter these problems, formal incentives and requirements were created, such as reserving a substantial part of the project budget for outreach and follow up questions in the final project year and an internal procedure for reviewing products on both scientific validity (credible) and policy relevance (salience).
An example of the importance of incentives and requirements are the well-known publication criteria at universities, which often push researchers to do novel research, rather than providing rigorous assessments of current knowledge. On the other hand, via funding criteria of modern demand-led research programmes, CARISMA researchers were pushed to develop activities to work with stakeholders and disseminate information in ways fitting knowledge needs of policymakers such as the feedback loops in the project design. While the project design made a substantial time and budget reservation for a final outreach stage and follow up questions, there was a pressure on researchers to spend time on products pushed by their universities or research organisations rather than investing in better tailoring their outreach. In CARISMA this issue was addressed by the project coordinator pushing project members for salience. In one of the reflection workshops it was also suggested that it would incentivise collaboration of researchers and policy makers could write short proposals for funding follow up questions (see also ,). This would require not earmarking all project budget over the partners in advance incorporating more budgetary flexibility. Policymakers usually have less of such formal incentive mechanisms to keep them committed in projects to take their part in a continued dialogue and help develop questions that are suitable for the realm of research. Just as researchers have to become aware of the “ridiculous deadlines” of politics, as one civil servant expressed it in a meeting, policymakers have to learn to be patient with researchers, who need to do their assessment work in a credible way.
In addition, projects are funded on temporary budgets, and new consortia take over after projects have ended. In these circumstances it is less attractive to invest in more permanent exchange infrastructure, that is more resource intensive and takes time before researchers and policy makers start using it. By the time such infrastructure starts paying off for the project, the project may have already ended. This was especially a challenge for CARISMA’s interactive platform, to which we return in the next section. Combined with the phenomenon of quick personnel turnover, both with researchers and rotating civil servants, the temporary character of funding makes it difficult to build lasting relations and trust, and render continued collaboration and dialogue challenging.
In the CARISMA project, the EU project officer was open to the possibility to adapt the original project plan. This was important for CARISMA’s impact. While initially not foreseen, the decision was gradually made to change the initial plan of an interactive, CARISMA-based online platform into an information platform (http://climatechangemitigation.eu/) that integrates multiple EU projects, creating a venue for research results. Not building new venues for exchange and new channels for dissemination, but rather strengthening the existing flows in the science-policy interface, could be effective, as the platform offers the ‘boundary infrastructure’ that enables the collaboration between scientists and policymakers. It offered the certainty to publics as a venue to find useful knowledge on mitigation options and lower transaction costs of searching. Credibility can be enhanced by reviewing content, salience by ongoing feedback on the content.
However, the platform can also be problematic as it is facing an institutional environment – of a time-bound research project – that threatens its continuity, which is crucial for its effectiveness. This institutional environment favours the set-up of new projects rather than continuing existing ones, and depends on ad-hoc funding. There is no embedding in a permanent organisation that safeguards its continuation. The challenge for the platform is not to make it work, notwithstanding that daunting task, but to maintain the platform to work. In CARISMA, the follow-up Coordination and Support Action, the DEEDS project, will adopt the platform so its continued operation is safeguarded for the next three years. This was made possible by a push on the part of the Commission, by a constructive attitude of those managing stakeholder engagement in DEEDS and CARISMA, and the practical coincidence that the project period of the two projects overlapped.
Reflect and act on the role of project researchers. Multiple roles in a project are useful. While hard to mix in a single person, a project team can contain multiple roles. Especially in domains characterised by scientific uncertainties, clear communication of the roles taken is important to maintain credibility and trust.
Work with the dynamics of the policy process. Topics in the agenda-setting phase require other types of knowledge than topics that facing decisions. The former may allow novel ideas while the latter is about substantiating or amending a decision at hand. The criteria and timing to which knowledge should respond varies with the phase.
Explore and try alternatives in communication. Involving science journalists and influential societal actors can help translating research findings in salient messages. They can also act as ambassadors. Using alternative communication means requires a clear understanding of the different audiences of the project and the routes via which knowledge reaches them.
Incorporate and appreciate flexibility in projects. The system of ex-ante promised deliverables favours unidirectional exchange and mismatches in pace of research and policy, if not be approached with some flexibility. Flexibility regarding deliverables requires cooperative attitudes of both funding officials, project coordinators and researchers. The project coordinator needs possibilities to reallocate budget to emerging issues, while staying within the general scope of project goals.
Be realistic about and prepared for stakeholder involvement. Involving stakeholders is vital for both relevance and robustness of research. Different rationales for involvement are legitimate, but manage expectations, including those of the funding agency or client. Involvement requires substantial investment of time and resources of all actors. This points at two conditions: researchers and policymakers need to be prepared to spend time (or they will not start), and the time spent on cooperation needs to be rewarding (or they will not continue).
Reconsider funding criteria. Demonstrating how collaboration is guaranteed should be an eligibility criterion for funding. Collaboration could be rewarded by funding small joint projects between researchers and policymakers that address follow-up questions from the project’s assessments. A small part of future project budgets can be reserved for the purpose. Small budget extensions are also an option, but risk high transaction costs if this would require new procedures with funders.
Invest in stable knowledge infrastructures. Ad hoc funding is problematic for knowledge infrastructures that require ongoing maintenance, such as online platforms. Invested human capital in the form of human relationships between people at the science-policy interface risk discontinuation, but are crucial. This needs rethinking how and with what criteria to fund Coordination and Support Actions.
The seven directions address both the direct actors involved (see Fig. 1) as well as the institutional environment in which they operate. They should not be understood in isolation but are highly interrelated. For example, investing in a skillset of participating researchers, stakeholders and project coordinators is of no avail if an enabling operating environment is absent. A favourable science-policy environment remains ineffective if it is not effectively navigated.
The authors wish to thank all interview respondents, workshop participants and two anonymous reviewers for their time and their valuable contributions to the paper.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 642242.
DB designed the research, collected the data and wrote the first draft. DB and HC organised the reflection workshop and revised the draft based on the results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
During the research phase Daan Boezeman worked as a researcher and lecturer at the chair group Political Sciences of the Environment at the Radboud University. In 2017 he moved to PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and is an affiliated researcher at his former institution. Heleen de Coninck is an associate professor at the Department of Environmental Sciences of the Radboud University, project coordinator of the CARISMA project, and coordinating lead author in the IPCC special report on 1.5 degrees.
The research was based on interviews, observations and a reflection workshop with practitioners following Chatham House Rules. Statements are anonymised and cannot be traced to individual participants. Participants were aware of and approved the writing of this paper. All conclusions remain the sole responsibility of the authors. | 2019-04-19T05:02:37Z | https://sustainableearth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42055-018-0007-0 |
Ever since we naturally dyed that first batch of yarn, six years ago, I have dreamt of our own line of yarn made from California wool.
Little did I know the journey I would take in order to create a yarn made of California wool. This time has been one of great discovery for me, stretching my imagination, at times my patience too, a practice in surrendering to that which will; from gathering the spirit and the energy of many people acting together to the expanse of time it takes to learn. I learned to spin, and through that practice came to know breeds of sheep, and the characteristics their wool lent to yarn. Then to roam the countryside and fiber festivals, discovering what kind of sheep we have in California and in the US, and to meet those dedicated to raising sheep. Taking time to learn about our customers and what yarn they desire to use and how they desire to use it.
We've dyed thousands of pounds of yarn with plants such as indigo and madder, and worked to perfect our practice so that we have a wider range of naturally dyed colors and so we use as little water and electricity possible. And people bought this yarn! And they made things, beautiful things.
Verb has given us the chance to meet hundreds of people who have been inspiring, encouraging, thought provoking, and hard working. I believe deeply that by working with one's hands, we gain connection to the present. That making is part of the human experience. A part that can't be denied. And shouldn't. And these people, students, teachers, customers, and those that love them, are all in support of using one's hands to build skills, to create happiness, and to connect with others who feel the same.
And then there was the act of surrenders to that which is necessary. In order to build the shop and dye studio, things like building code and meeting such fine public figures as the fire marshal and inspectors of all shapes and sizes. Working on the foundation of the business so it is financially stable and sustainable, we've met tax accountants and Quickbooks specialists. Definitely not my favorite part of my job, but I am willing to do it for my love of wool.
Three years ago, friends with a variety of skills gathered, I received the opportunity to open a shop large enough to carry products created by companies which celebrated many of the same intentions and ethics as I hold dear; independently run small businesses, with great care towards the sourcing of materials, the presentation of those materials, and who are all around good people. Seeing this care has continued to support and motivate the discovery of our California wool yarn line.
Hoping to create a shop and studio which has a solid foundation and which we can utilize to live a creative life of making. And a space to connect people with skills and textiles. We are firmly committed to spreading the obsession, uh, I mean love!
So you might wonder at this point - ok, so you wanted a California wool yarn line. Well why didn't you just start it already?
California is in a peculiar situation. California is the 3rd largest state in the nation, with the greatest population. We have one of the largest manufacturing sectors in the nation. We have huge cities and equally sized tracts of land and forest. Yet, we have few products and yarn made of California wool, and those that are made of California wool are often overlooked. We have only one mill that spins wool fleece into yarn.
We have a tall order. I'm looking for wool that is strong, stable, ideally a range of natural colors, and soft. Yep, I said it, soft. The S word. Wool that feels soft to the greatest number of people usually has a high lanolin content. Such breeds include Merino, Targhee, Polwarth, and Cormo. Lanolin, also known as grease, can make up to 50% in the weight of a fleece. If you are going to ship fleeces to be processed, that means you are going to pay for the shipping of grease. Once the fleece is washed, carded, and spun into yarn, you will receive in weight half of what you shipped. So the best case scenario is to find fleece that has as little lanolin content in it.
Though fleece with less lanolin tends to feel scratchy to some. The majority of sheep growers cringe when I say this. It can be much easier to raise sheep with a medium coarseness of wool, say Romney. People who live within 80 miles of the coast, find it hard to raise fine wool sheep such as Merino and Cormo, due to the fog. The sheep will actually grow mold. Hard-core sheep and wool lovers will exclaim their love for toothy wool. Go to bat for it. Knit with it like it is a shield and proof of their devotion. Recognize the many positive characteristics of it (lack of pilling, durability, support of rare, less known breeds), and they are right! Though if there is one thing for certain I can tell you right now. People like soft yarn. People who are intelligent, conscious, loving - like soft yarn.
For the past 6 years, I have traveled to farms. I have put the word out that I am looking. There are sheep. I see them. You could say I stalk them. They are used as lawnmowers in wine country. Sue Reuser has some of the most gorgeous Cormo fleeces you will ever lay your eyes upon. So here's the deal. Most of the wool I have come across that is affordable is wool that is extremely scratchy and dirty. Or wool that is so beautiful and divine that it sells easily for $20-30 / lb unwashed. We can not make a yarn from this which will be affordable.
We've been looking for the middle ground. Ideally, we would work with a rancher who would be willing to work with us and to improve his sheep's fleece. Where we could contribute to someone's ranch who was already in the business and who is looking to diversify their revenue stream. To help ranchers as much as possible. I contacted ranchers. Perhaps I am a poor salesperson or I couldn't covey my dream accurately. I could not get them to take the project seriously.
Two years ago, I came across the work of Rebecca Burgess. At that time, she was working on trying to clothe herself with textiles made within 100 miles of her home in Marin County (located just north of us). Through her project, and the limited number of resources available to make the cloth for her clothing, the realization quickly came to pass that though we have a wealth of interest, energy, motivation, makers, and growers, we lack infrastructure. This past November, Rebecca, as part of her organization Fibershed, hosted the first Fine Wool Fiber Symposium. One of Rebecca's great strengths is that she has the ability to pull people together. She expresses her vision with crisp clarity. Her vision includes utilizing our local natural resources, such as wool, organic cotton, and dye plants, and transforming them into yarn and fabric, and then into clothing, accessories, and bedding, in the most ecologically sound way possible. Materials would be grown in a matter and would travel as little as possible, creating the lowest carbon footprint. Rebecca works hard to add as little as possible to global warming.
In one panel discussion, there were at least 9 or 10 sheep herders. For the first time ever, the herders in the region came together as a panel, to talk about raising sheep for the intention of producing fiber, and about the products they make from this fiber. Next, 3 shearers took the stage, to explain the current conditions of wool in California. John Sanchez, a shearer on the panel, reported that only 10-15% of his clients actually keep their fleece instead of disposing of it. In 2012, he collected all the wool no one wanted. He had nearly 8000 pounds of wool! John described the situation as a cycle, one where the wool isn't worth anything, so the rancher doesn't see the use in making it any better. Right now, any wool that is saved is sent mainly to a wool pool located in Roswell, New Mexico. It is said that most of this wool is exported to China for manufacturing. The grower is not paid for the wool until it sells. The wool is auctioned, by the consent of the auction house, so it is difficult for the grower to accurately estimate how much they will receive for the wool or to even know why they received the amount they did. So in many ways, the idea of selling wool, or making better wool, seems, well, a bit arbitrary. [lead into the ideal] John said that even creating a cleaner space, free of hay and dirt, for the shearing, in many cases, would help the condition of the fleece. He also said that there are many nice flocks of sheep. All of the shearers said they come across many fleeces which with a little help from the grower could make great yarn for wearable garments.
Another shearer on the panel named Matt Gilbert is incredible. He is open, engaged, travels hundreds of miles to shear, and really knows his clients. Since meeting Matt, we have been discussing flocks which would make good yarn and managed by people who are willing to take a few extra steps to help the sheep create better fleeces. Matt is helping to create a middle ground between wool best used for compost, and wool best used by the handspinner. With Matt's help we have been able to find flocks of sheep whose fleece fit within our idea of the middle ground: soft-to-medium hand, clean, strong. Buy purchasing fleece from these flocks, the rancher has direct contact with the buyer, has a distinct idea how their wool is contributing to the marketplace, and can make more money off of the wool due to the fact that there isn't a middle man (the auction house). So far, as we have worked with Matt, we've heard from ranchers that they are interested in working with us to make better wool!
Great! So ranchers, within a 200 mile radius of Verb, are coming forth with wool. Now comes the stage where we look to send the fleece off to be processed into yarn. And it goes away - all the way to Vermont.
One of my favorite things about California is how many small businesses, we're talking mom and pop, are in existence. The diversity of the shop-owners, socioeconomically, race, and nationality, is outstanding. As well as the diversity of shops; cheese mongers, the local five and dime, bee-keeping shops, a Japanese tool shop, even a shop that focuses solely on mushrooms. There are also a great number of people here, including Verb, who partake in some form of manufacturing. And right outside the city, you have a wide array of farms, small to large, organic to other.
This diversity in the marketplace, not only allows lively dinner party conversations, but also allows for many different types of employment for a wide range of people. Everyone from those who have had little access to education to those who have a doctorate, and everything in between. Those that enjoy freelancing to those that like a steady, routine job. Ok, fine, so beyond lively dinner conversations, it is important to have diversity in industry and in employment because it is important to have a wide range of wisdom and experience and for the appreciation of all creatures great and small. Participating, and having a breadth of ways to participate is part of the human experience. It keeps us curious, happy, engaged.
We can't have locally owned business without an engaged population of shoppers. Fortunately, a good percentage of shoppers value the experience of shopping locally and contributing to the fabric of diversity in the marketplace. Food has come to be one area where people have come to look at the fine details of how and where their groceries are grown. This trend is expanding to include makers of all kinds; jewelers, potters, clothing and accessory designers who are manufacturing their wares locally.
One of the greatest things I see happening, is that local clothing designers are reaching beyond just sewing their clothing locally, more of them are dyeing their own fabrics, some with natural dyes like indigo. Some are interested in and using raw materials sourced from Northern California. Customers are becoming increasingly interested in the details and process of how their clothing is made - and how the fabric is made, and learning about the materials used to make the fabric. Buying a shirt is transitioning from simply buying a shirt, to where the wearer is part of the process. Process and product are merging.
We have what looks like the perfect environment for a thriving fiber market. By utilizing more of our woolly resources, and by building a better infrastructure to handle the raw materials, like another mill, we could create more jobs which follow our trend for diversity in employment. And don't forget that growing customer base who are interested in textiles and process.
Remember Matt, the shearer? He has thrown his hat in the ring. He is willing and wanting to create a mill which would do all of these things. He is in the midst of writing, and re-writing his business plan. He is seeking the advice of consultants. We need a mill that can process more wool at once, one that can work with a variety of fleeces from fine merino to coarse navajo-churro. One that can create a wide variety of yarn, from light to heavy weight. I'll let you know what happens here. There might be some kind of crowd-sourcing fundraiser.
With all of the makers, the designers, those who are in love with California and would like to see more products made here, add-in the sheer number of knitters in this state alone, I can only hope and imagine that we can engage the California wool market. And while I adore Vermont, and Green Mountain Spinnery, where our yarn was processed, and am thrilled that this yarn was made there. I do hope that we will create a mill in California that can practice the same principles as Green Mountain Spinnery and share in its legacy.
Typically sheep are shorn once a year. A sheep's fleece is made of many tufts of wool. An individual tuft is known as a lock. The length of a lock is a staple length. A lock tells the story of the sheep's year. To examine the lock, or in other words learn about the sheep's year and bill of health, you can snap the lock between 2 fingers, and hold the lock to the light. If there is a break in the lock or a brittle portion, this means that the sheep either became sick, lacked nutrients, or even had a shift in their diet, at some point in the year. Even with great care, sheep can become ill. At which point, the fleece loses value. The best case scenario is that the lock does not have any breaks, is not brittle, and that the fleece is uniform in length and softness, as these characteristics will make the best yarn.
There are many variables which could affect our ability to get the same wool from year to year. As sheep age and their fleece changes texture from soft to coarse, a flock could get sick, a rancher could decide that raising sheep is no longer economically viable. Government subsidies shift towards different types of agriculture making it impossible for the herder to continue raising sheep. The public can't support the cost of the product, the need for a less expensive wool arises, causing us to switch to a new farm with different types of fleece. Or, on the brighter side, we want to add a farm, and highlight their work. We like that sheep change and this project mirrors what is alive today.
And then there is the question of the mill. There are not many to choose from across the US. They fill up fast. Each mill has its own print upon the yarn. Their own style of carding, combing, spinning, and plying. Split a fleece in half, send it to two different mills, you will have two different yarns.
So I have the idea to look at the yarn similar to wine. Each type of yarn has its own vintage. Each year, we get to look forward to learning what we can source.
Pattern support is dire for the success of our yarn. And the relationship and collaboration with designers is one of my favorite aspects of Verb. That said, it is also costly and a ton of effort goes into designing the pattern, photographing it, writing it, and then publishing it. As you can imagine, I am quite attached to the patterns designers have made to go with our yarn. I would hate to lose those patterns in a transition. Faced with the question of how I was going to create a yarn with endurance, I came up with the following solution.
My idea is to create a yarn, year after year, that yields 5 stitches per inch. That way, if a flock changes, or we make a change, the yarn can follow the patterns. Plus, 5 stitches per inch yields a yarn perfect for sweaters to wear in our temperate climate. Now, it's just a matter of crossing our fingers, given the varying amount of crimp (or bounce) in each fleece, will co-operate with the mill, and give us just that, 5 sts per inch. Um. give or take.
We're calling this attempt The California Wool Project!
And we have made our first yarn! Pioneer! Vintage 2013.
I think of Sally Fox as a pioneer. She uses curiosity, determination, and courage to cultivate a material and farm she believes in. When you live in this area, and you unfold the workings of the fiber world even just a little bit, you learn quickly of Sally Fox. She is a local hero.
Sally has always lived close to the land. She learned to spin as a child, went to school to be an entomologist, and traveled to Africa through the Peace Corp to help fight pests and diseases which target peanuts and rice. There, she began to witness the devastating effects pesticides have on people, insects, animals, and the land. This strengthened her resolve to support the use of naturally pest-resistant plants and to farm organically. While working as a pollinator for a cotton grower, Sally came across seed for naturally colored brown cotton. This type of cotton has been around for eons, though had been bred out of our farms, due to the fact that, just like wool, major manufactures prefer white, so it can be dyed, and because the staple length on naturally colored cotton tends to be too short to spin effectively. Sally set out to create a naturally colored cotton that had a longer staple length, and did just that. Unfortunately, the farmers around her, were not very pleased with the fact that her brown cotton could contaminate their white cotton. The mills did not want to spin her cotton as it would be difficult to transition from brown to white cotton, batch to batch. She moved her farm from California's central valley, than to Arizona, and finally brought it to the Capay Valley, 90 miles from Oakland. In this region, it was hot and dry enough to grow cotton, and was also home to many organic farmers, instead of large scale cotton farms. When settling into her Capay Valley farm, she started raising sheep as they are excellent weeders, and all around lovely companions. The above photo was taken by Sally of her sheep in April 2013.
At the Fine Wool Symposium, back in November, I expressed my interest to the growers that I desired a line of yarn made from California wool but was having trouble finding affordable fleece that would make great yarn, that was also soft. Sally told me that she had organic Merino wool in a variety of colors that she was willing to sell. I nearly fell over. Not only did she have the wool that I could possibly be looking for, but that we could support her land management practices and honor her long history of dedication to cultivating sustainably grown cotton in California...I was stunned.
I have to admit. I didn't call her back right away. Do you ever feel like something is unfolding in front of you, and it is exactly that thing you've wanted, so you feel like someone has punched you in the gut? It's a funny feeling to see the path right there in front of you. Most of the obstacles have been removed, and now it is up to you to carry the plan forth. No more blaming this or that as to why it can't happen. It is here. It can happen. Now it's about allowing it to happen and embracing what is to come. And this is when I rely heavily on my co-workers at Verb and their support. I told them what was happening and waited for their response. Without a doubt, everyone was on board!
So I wrote to Sally and off the wool went to Green Mountain Spinnery. That just happened. Right after Stitches West, at the end of February. Since turning the corner of deciding to do this, everything has happened really fast. When first estimating how long it would take Green Mountain to spin this order, the time frame was 6 months. Though somehow, something shifted, and they were able to proceed faster than expected. We just received our entire shipment on Monday!
Green Mountain Spinnery has been a dream to work with. They have a long legacy of quality work and are cooperatively owned. Above are photos of our yarn being made. David, who runs the mill, completely geeked out with me over thickness, grist, twist, and plies. He entertained all of my crazy questions. And he is a significant contributor to our beautiful new yarn, Pioneer at 4-5 sts per inch.
Pioneer will be available for purchase on May 1st both online and in person. Available are a range of natural colors and naturally dyed colors.
To celebrate, we are hosting a day long party (11am-7pm) on May 1st! I hope you will come! We will have drinks and treats, and hopefully a couple new patterns to go with our new yarn!
We are in the process of interviewing some of the companies whose products we carry that contribute to the movement of using US sourced wool and US mills. We will post them soon for you to read.
Hopefully, if all goes well, we can create more yarn lines based upon California wool and help others to do the same.
I am incredibly grateful to everyone who has supported Verb, Sally, and Green Mountain Spinnery. Without your support, in all the various forms you give, we could not have started this project and could not have created this yarn. Thank You!
Great story. I live in Atlantic Canada. I have known about Sally Fox for a long time, ever since I first bought some cloth menstrual pads that were made with her cotton. I am a knitter and I love merino yarn but struggle with the provenance of most of the yarn I see in the stores or even online.
I am going to save up so that I can get some of the pioneer yarn.
That is a fascinating read!
This is so exciting, thank you for sharing and documenting your dreams so beautifully. Although I wish I could be at the brick & mortar for the unveiling party, I will be cyber shopping for sure!
Bravo! I was at the Wool Symposium and remember a lot of these exchanges and you’re right, that wasn’t very long ago! Wow! How do I reserve my sweater quantity RIGHT NOW? :-) I’ll BART right over with my money! Congratulations.
Fantastic news! I was at the Symposium and am so glad this is coming together. Hoping to bring a contingent with me from Davis to your party.
That sensation has been driving (and I mean driving) my life for quite a while. It’s like being caught in an avalanche. Thanks for sharing so much of your process and thoughts, so eloquently.
Congratulations!!!!!! It so inspiring to see you pursue this and now, its real. ITS REAL! Just totally stoked and looking forward to working with it.
I am so excited!!! I’ve been to Green Mountain Spinnery They’re wonderful people. …and have some beautiful old spinning machinery.
…can’t wait ’til May first!!!
This was a completely fascinating article to read. Thank you!
Congratulations, Kristine! Thanks for sharing your story. Can’t wait to see the new yarn.
Interesting to hear the whole story, great works in progress!
I have been making almost the same thing from my flocks of colored sheep and llamas for nearly 20 years. All natural colors, raised on my farm in California, blended and spun into yarn by mills in the east, roughly 4-5 spi.
But it takes a village, for sure. I have never been able to sell my yarn in enough quantity and at a price that will cover growing and processing the fiber. Hopefully this will change in the future thanks to efforts like yours.
I wish you strength and success!
Thank you for writing an incredible informational piece about your journey. I wish I was able to to the Symposium last fall. Keep it up.
This is amazing and just the kind of yarn I’ve been looking for. In a world where we can choose to eat only local organic produce, why shouldn’t we be able to get good local yarn? I’ll be there May first getting a sweater’s worth!
That is great to see! I look forward to trying out Pioneer.
As for mills, I know there are several micro mills in California. And there is the Yolo Wool Mill that started out as a cooperative. So perhaps it is possible to mill in California at some point.
So exciting! And so beautifully written. I can’t wait to knit with Pioneer.
What a wonderful story! So proud of you, your talent and determination! Well done!
SUCH exciting news, Kristine! I will be there on May 1st, by hook or by crook!
This is the best news of the day! Congratulations on Pioneer. May first will be here before we know it.
…and good to hear of Sally Fox again.
WOW!, thanks for sharing your process and thanks for making this happen. Wish I could be there on May 1, ( cannot, live in Portland) but I will definitely be a customer on line!
Bravo, Kristine! It’s so very exciting to see your long-held dream come to fulfillment. | 2019-04-24T07:51:46Z | https://www.averbforkeepingwarm.com/blogs/news/7621257-the-california-wool-project-pioneer |
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Each Elite Product shall specify the Return Policy applicable for the Elite Product. You acknowledge and agree to the Return Policy/Policies applicable for the Elite Product(s) so purchased and that same form part of the Purchase Agreement. | 2019-04-23T15:52:57Z | https://members.elitepracticetraining.com/pages/terms |
We don't need to explain to you that we're massive fans of Castlevania here at Nintendo Life - you surely already know that. Like so many other gamers out there, Konami's gothic series has a special place in our hearts, thanks to some amazing 8-bit entries and sublime 'Metroidvania' escapades on the Game Boy Advance.
So it was with an understandable degree of anticipation that we approached the 3DS demo unit at this year's Eurogamer Expo. Konami was exhibiting a preview build of Castlevania: Lords of Shadow - Mirror of Fate which showcased one of the early levels, and we gleefully snatched the chance for some hack and slash action.
First up, as has been previously stated by Konami's Dave Cox, this isn't your typical Metroidvania epic - although on first impressions, it's tempting to assume so. The bottom screen is taken up by a map, just as it was on the three DS Castlevania entries, and although the game uses 3D graphics, the action remains confined to two dimensions - just like your traditional Metroidvania.
However, once you start playing it becomes obvious that this is a very different proposition when compared to the likes of Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow. For a start, the combat is less about one-hit kills and more about wearing your enemies down and looking for openings. In many cases, even the most basic foe will require several hits from your whip (or should that be Combat Cross?) to bring them down, and you'll often need to use your counter move to set them up for an attack as standard blows prove ineffective. This slows down the pace of the game dramatically when compared to the swift speed witnessed in previous Castlevania titles.
Another thing that takes some getting used to is the floaty jumping, which again goes against early entries in the franchise. It doesn't take long to become accustomed to this change, and to be honest the way the main character hangs in the air allows you to pull off air combos with greater ease. It also makes some of the platforming sections easier to stomach; in the demo, we had to ascend a tower in order to progress, and had to use the whip to grapple onto various beams in the roof (a neat homage to Super Castlevania IV). Trevor Belmont's ability to seemingly float in mid-air ensured this process never became too frustrating, as it gives plenty of time to extend your whip and grapple the next safe platform.
The demo also introduced an encounter with a large, screen-filling enemy. During this section, the game's rather ponderous combat was really brought into keen focus, and worry began to set in. There really isn't much creativity in how you deal with opponents in this game; the issue seems to be that developer MercurySteam has taken the battle engine from the full-3D Castlevania: Lords of Shadow and transferred it to the Mirror of Fate almost without thought. As a result, many of the flanking tactics which made Lords of Shadow so appealing aren't possible, and you quickly fall into a repetitive pattern of combo attacks which rarely test your reflexes or skill.
Another problem we couldn't help but notice was the frame rate. Even when the screen is totally devoid of enemies, Mirror of Fate moves in a fashion that could never be described as smooth. Switching off the 3D effect appears to alleviate this issue a little, but it's possible that it could merely be our eyes deceiving us.
There's still much to be positive about with regards to Mirror of Fate, despite the rather downbeat tone of this preview. We only had chance to play a very small section of what should be a large, sprawling adventure, and it's worth remembering that there are portions of the legendary Castlevania: Symphony of the Night which play just as badly when taken entirely out of context, as this demo was.
Bearing that in mind, we're not ready to dismiss this new instalment just yet. Konami and MercurySteam have already confirmed that the game is getting some additional development time before release, so there's every chance that some - if not all - of the concerns we've raised here will be dealt with in due course.
Castlevania: Lords of Shadow - Mirror of Fate is released on the 3DS next year.
I'm unconvinced on whether I want to buy this or not, and this certainly did not help its case.
I'll just continue to wait and see how it turns out before making too many judgements.
I doubt they would release it in that early build! Looking forward to this one hoping they get it right. The 3ds needs many more games like this to be realy successful!
I think this game is going to fail.
im looking forward to it loved all the rest apart from the xbox one.
I'm sure the final version will more than likely be fine, I love Castlevania games and I'm keeping a close eye on this one!
Undecided, but I doubt it. I'll be spending all my money on other games.
I even like the N64 Castlevania games but this one just looks bad, it will be the first Castlevania game I won't buy.
"some additional development time before release" doesnt bode well. Translation: "we'll desperately try to fix some of the more glaring issues so the reviews wont be too bad"
When a game is this far along it's very rare that major issues such as those mentioned would be solved. Then again, most of the issues mentioned here are just of features that differ from standard Castlevania games - which is not a problem as long as it still fits the game they're making.
Disliked the choices to make the game akin to LoS, but seeing that I did enjoy the last half of that game after a first horrible impression, I'll be willing to give this one a shot. Heck I'd get it anyway since I am a CV fan. I just pray they take out those load time monologues from the console game.
im sure it will look lovely but the combat just looks so annoying, i can understand it probably works well in the 3D versions but this is a side scrolling platform.
Just give us a regular, good 'ol Metroidvania in 3D please... Then you can start experimenting with the formula.
Still looking forward to it. The platforming, graphics and atmosphere look great and are enough to warrant a purchase in my eyes.
I love Castlevania, it's one of my favorite game series if not my second favorite. However, I am waiting on this one. I don't have full confidence because its not classic style or Metroidvania, it seems like a mix of both along with the 3D games. We all know how most fans feel about the 3D games (hint: they don't like them). I really hope this is good but if its not I am firmly going to be a fan that will promote a "back to the basics" movement.
Sorry, this just isn't Castlevania. God of War'Vania' gone 2D boasting westernized visual ashtetics. sigh* This entry in the franchise should of been handed over to the awesome folks at WayForward...We could of seen something truly special from them, be it classicVania or MetroidVania, i don't care. They never fail when tackling a popular franchise. Contra 4, A Boy & his Blob and even Aliens for the DS.
@Windy I would get each and every one of those 3D Classics in a heartbeat!
@WaveBoy While I do love WayForward, it seems they botched Hotel Transylvania very badly. At least, from the reviews so far.
Really reminds me of Shinobi on 3DS,and that's a good thing.
Not picking up this one, the arrogance of the development team has lured me away from their games.
@MagicEmperor I think he was referring to the non-licensed and 2D games from WayForward.
I think I'll wait for a review first. The repetitiveness can become an issue in this type of game.
I plan of playing this one eventually. Sometime after I get around to playing the original Lords of Shadow.
The did choose the wrong system, but I'm still willing to get a copy.
I'm glad to see many people have written off the game because of a review of an early demo. I will wait to try the game for myself, or at the very least wait to read multiple reviews after release.
Only time will tell. But even so, the game still looks good so I might check this game out.
Visually and audibly, this game is already disappointing enough for me to have no interest. It's all grimdark bloom and doom nonsense instead of the lush and alive environments of the previous handheld installment, Order of Ecclesia. Gone are the rockin' tunes of past Castlevania games too, replaced with orchestrated "moody" tracks that just sound monotone and uninspired. Wrap it all up with a dull, slow paced combo system instead of the quick whipping action of the past and you've just lost me entirely. Lords of Shadow was immensely underwhelming and just didn't feel anything like a Castlevania game to me. Should the series continue on this route, Harmony of Despair will be the last game in the franchise I consider worthwhile.
Game is high on my want list for sure. I'm sure the quirks you guys saw will be taken care of before release.
I am confident this will be a very good game thanks to its extra time in the oven. | 2019-04-23T00:05:10Z | http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2012/10/first_impressions_castlevania_lords_of_shadow_mirror_of_fate |
Mr. Chairman, thank you for your invitation to the Administration to testify at this hearing today. We very much appreciate the opportunity to follow up to the President's statement on Tuesday regarding the Medicare savings in his balanced budget plan.
We will of course give you and your staff a full briefing on the details of the budget after it is transmitted to the Congress on February 6. In the meantime, I hope you will understand that we may have to defer answering some of your more detailed questions until that time.
The President believes we have a unique opportunity to balance the budget if we work together on a bipartisan basis. He announced the broad outlines of his Medicare policy a few days ago because he wanted to seize the moment to work together.
The President articulated three principles underlying the Medicare policy that will be presented in his budget. First, it will include structural reforms that will make the program work more efficiently and take advantage of changes in the health care marketplace. Second, it will meet his goal of extending the solvency of the Medicare Part A Trust Fund for ten years. Third, because the Medicare policy will save $138 billion over six years, it will meet the Congress halfway and bring us closer to bipartisan agreement on a balanced budget.
Today I would like to provide an overview of the policies in the Administration's Medicare package. Because both the President and the Congress have committed to balancing the budget by 2002 -- five years from now -- I will describe the budget policies in terms of their five-year savings. Since most observers are familiar with the six-year savings numbers from the budget debate last year, I will present six-year savings figures as well.
The 1998 budget preserves and improves Medicare, extending the solvency of the Part A Hospital Insurance Trust Fund into 2007. This budget, like the President's previous two budgets, gives beneficiaries more choices among private health plans, makes Medicare more efficient and responsive to beneficiary needs, and reduces provider payments.
Last year, we wanted to extend the solvency of the Part A Trust Fund by 10 years. According to the Chief Actuary at the Health Care Financing Administration, the Medicare policy in the budget will extend the solvency of the Trust Fund to 2007.
Last year, we wanted to restrain provider payments at a level that would continue to ensure the quality of and access to care. This year, we believe that we can restrict provider payments -- particularly in the areas of managed care and hospitals -- more than we did last year, without harming quality and access.
Last year, we wanted to protect beneficiaries from major new out-of-pocket expenditures and allow them to take advantage of advances in preventive care. This year, we continue to adhere to this principle by keeping the Part B premium at 25 percent of program costs and by proposing new preventive health benefits.
The Medicare policy in our 1998 budget is similar in many ways to our policy last year. However, based on our most current analysis, there are several policy changes of note, in particular with regard to payment rates for managed care, outpatient prospective payment, and competitive bidding for laboratory services and durable medical equipment.
The 1998 budget will propose to reduce Medicare reimbursement to managed care plans from its current rate of 95 percent of fee-for-service rates to 90 percent. The reduction does not start until 2000, and it accounts for $6 billion in savings over five years (about $8 billion over six years).
There will be indirect savings of $18 billion over five years (and $25 billion over six years) attributable to cuts in the traditional fee-for-service side of the program. Because HMO payments are based on a percentage of fee-for-service payments, HMO payments are reduced as a function of our proposed cuts in the fee-for-service side of the program.
Finally, the policy carves out the medical education and uncompensated care payments from the HMO reimbursement formula. These funds will be paid directly to academic health centers and to HMOs that run their own residency programs. This aspect of the plan would reduce direct managed care payments by $10 billion over five years (and $13 billion over six years).
The proposals in the 1998 budget relating to hospitals will reduce the annual inflation increase, or "update," for hospitals; reduce payments for hospital capital; reform payments for graduate medical education; and implement prospective payment for outpatient departments while protecting beneficiaries from increasing charges for those services. The budget will propose to achieve $33 billion in net savings over five years ($46 billion over six years).
The budget will also propose to establish new provider service networks (PSNs), which will allow hospitals and other providers to establish their own health care plans to compete with current Medicare HMOs.
As I mentioned earlier, the budget will establish a new pool of funding, about $10 billion over five years, for direct payment to academic health centers and eligible HMOs. These payments will compensate academic health centers for the costs of medical education and care for indigent patients. We propose establishing this new pool at the same time we remove medical education and uncompensated care costs from the formula we use to pay HMOs. The net hospital savings of $33 billion reflect these payments to teaching hospitals.
With regard to physicians, the budget will propose to save about $7 billion over five years (about $10 billion over six years) through a reduction in physician updates. This reduction is relatively small because Medicare has been fairly effective in constraining growth in reimbursement to physicians.
With regard to skilled nursing facilities, the budget will propose to save about $7 billion over five years ($9 billion over six years) through the establishment of a prospective payment system. This benefit has been growing at double-digit rates, and there is a consensus that moving to capitated rates will help contain costs.
The budget proposes strong fraud and abuse provisions, including measures to eliminate fraud in home health care -- such as by ensuring that home health agencies are reimbursed based on the location of the service, not the billing office. The budget also would repeal several provisions in last year's health reform law that weakened anti-fraud enforcement (e. g., we propose repealing the advisory opinions). The anti-fraud initiatives in the budget would save $9 billion over five years ($12 billion over six years).
The 1998 budget will propose a number of changes in law that affect beneficiaries, including new benefits, Medigap protections, and proposals to increase beneficiary choice.
First, the 1998 budget will propose extending current law that sets the Part B premium at 25 percent of program costs. This policy achieves $10 billion in savings over five years ($18 billion over six years). Without this policy, the Part B premium would drop below 25 percent after 1998.
Second, the budget will propose new preventive health care benefits to improve the health of senior citizens and reduce the incidence of disease. The plan covers colorectal screening, diabetes management, and annual mammograms without copayments. It also increases reimbursement rates for certain immunizations to ensure that seniors are protected from pneumonia, influenza, and hepatitis. The budget will also propose a new Alzheimer's respite benefit starting in 1998 to assist families of Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's diseases. Total beneficiary investments in the budget will cost $13 billion over five years ($22 billion over six years).
Third, because of a flaw in reimbursement methodology, beneficiaries now in effect contribute a 50 percent copayment for outpatient visits. The 1998 budget will propose to prevent further increases in copayments and reduce the copayment to 20 percent over the next decade.
Fourth, the budget will propose new Medigap protections (such as new open enrollment requirements and prohibitions against the use of pre-existing condition exclusions) to increase the security of Medicare beneficiaries who wish to opt for managed care but fear they will be unable to obtain Medigap insurance if they decide to return to fee-for- service plans. I understand that this provision is consistent with bipartisan legislation pending before Congress.
Last, the budget will propose new private plan choices -- through new PPO and Provider Service Network choices -- for beneficiaries.
We will propose establishing new private health plan options (such as PPOs and Provider Service Networks) for the program.
We will propose annual open enrollment for all Medicare plans -- with an independent third-party responsible for informing beneficiaries of their options and enrolling those interested in the managed care plan of their choice.
We will propose market-oriented purchasing for Medicare, including the new prospective payment systems for home health care, nursing home care, and outpatient hospital services. We will also propose competitive bidding authority and the use of centers of excellence to improve quality and cut back on costs.
We will propose adding new Medigap protections, such as prohibiting pre-existing condition exclusions and requiring annual open enrollments that make it possible for beneficiaries to switch back from a managed care plan to traditional Medicare without the fear that they will be unable to obtain affordable Medigap insurance.
Home health care has become one of the fastest growing components of the Medicare program, growing at double digit rates. The home health program was originally designed as an acute care service for beneficiaries who had been hospitalized. However, over time, home health care has increasingly become a chronic care benefit not linked to hospitalization.
The budget will propose to establish a new prospective payment system for home health and a number of program integrity initiatives. Together, these proposals will save $14 billion over five years ($18 billion over six years), and are included in our total Medicare savings estimate of $100 billion over five years (and $138 billion over six years).
The President's proposal will also restore the original split of home health care payments between Parts A and B of Medicare. The first 100 home health visits following a 3- day hospitalization would be reimbursed by Part A. All other visits -- including those not following hospitalization -- would be reimbursed by Part B. This is the same policy in the President's 1997 budget. It is also similar to a provision in a Medicare reform bill the House passed last year.
There has been a great deal of public discussion about the home health reallocation recently, so I want to be very clear that this proposal is not scored as yielding budget savings. The $100 billion of five-year savings and the $138 billion of six-year savings includes no contribution from the home health reallocation. In addition, beneficiaries will not be affected by this restoration of the original policy. This policy avoids the need for excessive reductions in payments to hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers while helping to extend the solvency of the Part A Trust Fund.
We reduce the growth of payments to hospitals.
We reform the payment system for home health agencies and skilled nursing facilities to increase incentives for these providers to contain costs.
We also reduce payments to HMOs from 95 percent to 90 percent of fee-for- service costs and reduce the growth in HMO payment rates.
The Medicare policies in the 1998 budget are consistent with our principles last year: to extend the solvency of the trust fund, to reduce provider payments without damaging quality and access, and to protect beneficiaries. The savings we have added to this budget -- in managed care, outpatient payments, and competitive bidding -- bridge the gap between the Congress and the Administration that remained at the end of the balanced budget negotiations last year.
We believe these Medicare proposals are the most appropriate ones to extend the solvency of the trust fund, protect Medicare, and reduce the deficit. We look forward to working with the Congress in the spirit of bipartisanship to make sure that we can keep Medicare's promise to current and future generations and to balance the budget by 2002. | 2019-04-21T18:06:38Z | https://clintonwhitehouse2.archives.gov/omb/legislative/testimony/19970123-23291.html |
I always envisaged a big family for myself. Growing up the eldest of four, anything less seemed, well, too neat and tidy - now that I actually have children of my own, I realise that there is nothing neat and tidy about being a parent full stop. Whether you have one or ten, raising children will challenge you to your very core!
I am grateful to say that a big family has become our reality. But if you had told me just how this would be realised, the young girl dreaming of babies and white picket fences would have laughed at you. God has not built my family how I imagined. I am a step-mother; I was a foster-mother to my nephew for several years; I have given birth to three healthy babies. I have also lost one of my babies. I am the one in four.
One in four. When I went for my three month scan, after two healthy and uneventful pregnancies, I wasn't expecting anything but to see my child for the first time. Instead I heard the words that were meant to bring me comfort; meant to make me feel like I wasn't alone in this journey. That this experience was somewhat normal because it happens in one in four pregnancies.
But those words felt just like they really are. Cold, hard, statistics. Just numbers. And none of our stories are just a number to God. We are intimately seen, known and loved.
From the outset, this pregnancy had been different. Each of our kids have been planned and wanted, but this pregnancy was a desire fulfilled. We began fostering our nephew when Isabelle - daughter number 3 - was 15 months old. We'd been talking about when to try for another baby when we got the call from CYFS to attend the family conference about his care. I'd never met him but we put our hand up to have him come live with us. Within six weeks a just-turned 3 year old was flown up to Auckland to join our family and I was about to experience the chaos that is three pre-schoolers! I say it in jest, but truthfully, I was ill-prepared for just how hard and heart-breaking it can be to parent a child who has been neglected and abused.
I went into the journey thinking that my baby plans were just being delayed but it soon became apparent to me that barring a miracle in my nephews life, there would be no more babies in the Walker household. I began to grieve the child I thought I would now never have.
It's hard to explain the grief that you can carry for someone you have never met - someone who is as yet, just an idea. But every day for a year I had to surrender this child I thought would never be to the Lord. I gave away every item of clothing, every toy, that I had kept for the 'next' baby and when I could bear it no more, I asked a girlfriend to pray with me for God to take the desire for another baby away. I knew that I needed to accept the shape that our family had taken and fully embrace the children that were in my home right now. Graciously God did.
After nearly two and a half years of raising my nephew, the journey came to an end. It was our decision but it is not a decision that I would wish upon anyone. My heart felt torn and battered. The grief began again - this time not for a child I wished for, but for a child I had held in my arms. A child I had fought for. A child who had called me his mum.
When people asked me how many children we had, I never knew how to answer. Who knew such a simple question could cut so deeply? I stopped mentioning him and would only talk about the girls. About eighteen months after our nephew had left, two women who didn't really know me asked me if I was sure that our family was finished. "Yes" I had replied, adding that, "God has shut that door."
But God began to whisper to my heart, did I shut that door Aimee, or did you? You see, I had always said thirty was my cut-off for having children. It was afterall when my Mum had her last, so I had always figured that was when I should be done by too! Isn't it funny some of the things we absorb and decide as children?! So here I was, in my early thirties beginning to wonder if the door had really been fully shut on adding to our family. Rather than excited though, I was terrified by the reawakening of a desire that I thought had died, but had really only ever been dormant.
The preceding years had been hard for a multitude of reasons and re-opening this door brought all my hurts and fears up to the surface. For six months I wrestled with God over the disappointments of the past. In that time, God did some intensive heart surgery and hope - the confident expectation of His goodness for my life - began to rise within me once again. I came to realise that while God was proud of my perseverance and the depth of trust that our trials had forged in me, that it wasn't His ultimate goal for me. Hope was.
When we found out that I was pregnant, this child felt like the symbol of the new thing that God was doing in my heart and life.
I'm not really sure how I made it out of the room and back to the car. How I made the call to my husband and then my midwife. It all felt like a bad dream that I hoped I would awaken from.
But I didn't. The next day my body began to naturally miscarry. It would take five full days. Grief was once again my companion. But this time, so was hope. As I made my way down our hallway in the middle of the night, in agonising pain, I heard the gentle whisper of God, Aimee, I know that this is a HUGE disappointment, but know that I love you.
God's love held me not just in that moment, but in the days, weeks and months that followed.
It was in the many people who picked up and dropped off my kids when I was to weak to get up from the couch - who kept life normal for them while I grieved.
The hope that had been forged in my heart in the preceding months had opened my eyes to see that His goodness and His love is always at work. Yes, in this world, we will encounter disappointment (sometimes that word doesn't quite seem adequate), but we do not have to live disappointed because we are ALWAYS loved. ALWAYS seen. ALWAYS valuable.
And hope does not disappoint us, because God has poured out His love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, whom He has given us.
There were many other losses that year that God's goodness carried us through. He is not the author of our suffering but He is skilled at weaving it in such a way that it will work for good if we will allow Him too. He is the God who gives beauty for ashes.
We named our precious baby Jordan. It was a statement of faith that we would not let our grief take us back to the wilderness, but that we would trust that God was, and would always be, good to our family no matter what the journey looked like.
And He has been. In August 2015, I gave birth to Lucas. His name means bringer of light. I wanted to call him Lewis which means renowned warrior - Lucas was Dave's choice and believe me I fought him on it! But a few weeks before he was due, our daughter Misha came and sat next to me on a park bench and said, "Mum, we don't need a warrior, we need a bringer of light." Fittingly, he timed his entrance into this world with the sunrise.
There is a time to fight and to contend. But there is also a time to allow God to shine His light; to let the hope of who He is bring healing to our lives; to let His comfort penetrate our brokeness.
I have my moments where the tears still flow for the children I no longer hold in my arms. Where my heart aches for what might have been. But hope anchors me. The hope of what God has planned for my nephew's life; the hope that one day I will behold Jordan and see her in all her beauty. The hope that God has and always will be good to me.
You are not a number. Your grief - whatever the cause - is not a statistic. And my prayer for you today is that as you walk the path to healing, that hope, the confident expectation of His goodness, would indeed anchor your soul and awaken your heart to see His love towards you as it has done mine.
The posy sits in the center of my table, bathed in warm sunlight. Every time I pass by it, I whisper a prayer of gratitude for what it represents - for the friend who brought it and the healing that came with it.
We had been the most unlikely of friends and even though we’d known each other since childhood, it wasn’t until much later that our connection was formed. But when it was, it was like we were soul sisters. We laughed and cried on one another’s couches; took holidays together; spent hours on the phone and when our babies arrived, swapped our café catch-ups for mornings at the playground. Together we dreamed big Kingdom dreams, soaking each other’s lives in fervent prayer.
But then one day something changed. We both changed. It was subtle at first, but over time our different seasons – our different struggles – drove a wedge between us. I began to feel like a stranger in her presence. Misunderstood. Lacking. Deficient. Then one year, we both experienced overwhelming losses, and while I in my grief wanted to draw closer, she needed to retreat.
And so, in no uncertain terms, she moved away from me.
I drove home from that conversation in a daze of disbelief; tears streaming down my cheeks. They would not be the last tears that I would cry as the finality of no longer doing life together settled in.
…Christ is all, and is in all. Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience… Forgive as the Lord forgave you. And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity.
As I wrestled through my hurts, giving voice to my anger, the Holy Spirit graciously reminded me of this truth: Christ is all and is in all. I was His chosen and dearly beloved daughter. And so was my friend. The way that I thought towards her; the way that I spoke about her; the way that I prayed for her needed to reflect this truth. Needed to honour who she was in Christ and His presence within her.
This truth released me to trust God to heal my own heart, but also to believe for Him to do the same for my friend. To trust that in His infinite love, He could take the threads of what felt like opposing stories and conflicting needs to create something beautiful for each of us. Respecting her need for space, I sent her a card apologising for how some of my choices had impacted her. I no longer needed to agree with her interpretation of events in order to forgive; the Holy Spirit was awakening compassion within me for her perspective. Secure in the Father’s love for me, I was now free to wear love towards her.
Over the coming years, the distance remained. And although we occasionally exchanged texts and well-wishes, when our paths crossed I still felt held at arm’s length. Milestones passed and I felt the ache of her absence. Some days the grief and sting of rejection rose up afresh driving me back to my knees. Back to the truth that in Christ, I am dearly loved. At such times I had to choose again to entrust my aching heart to the one who loved me completely; to forgive as He has forgiven me. And as I did, my heart became whole again.
Then one day she arrived with flowers and her own apology. We sat on my couch like old times and the walls came down. The path of forgiveness – the path of love - paved the way for reconciliation.
I don’t yet know what will be written in the days to come about our friendship, but I do know this: the call to live in relationship, in authentic community will never be without challenges. We must continually choose to live loved – allowing His love to fill and clothe us so that we can love others well, even when we hurt. As we do, like my posy of flowers bathed in warm sunlight, things of great beauty will grow in and around us. | 2019-04-25T19:43:13Z | https://www.onbecomingesther.com/blog/category/hope |
One surgical procedure that most men are so keen about is whether an innovative technology, technique, otherwise any other innovation on surgical penile enhancement has been developed. The response to such a question has to be qualified. If you are talking about impotency, then this approach comes really recommended. On the other hand, for men who are not bothered by this disease, this procedure is not suitable and you will get to know why afterwards.
Surgery Life Enhancement is the enhancement clinic to beat in this recent day and age where size is everything for men. Obviously, the health industry knows the demand for enhancement that is why a lot of clinics offer such services. However, it is important to understand that these procedures come with risks. With over 20 years of experience in the field, you know that SLE is the best place to be for your enhancement concerns. You can expect this clinic to offer you with only enlargement methods that have been tried and tested and perfected over time. If you check SLE on Instagram, you will be able to explore what options are available for you to increase your girth and length. If you check out Surgery Life’s Instagram, you will see that the methods used for enlargement can be either non-surgical or surgical.
Primarily, lengthening of the male organ can be done with the method of enlargement surgery also known as phalloplasty. If you have tried looking at SLE Penile Enlargement on Instagram, you will see that their surgery is done by creating a stealth incision at the scrotum. Through a scrotal incision, the penile size results that men often want to get will be achieved the most. Most of the time, the incision is made just above the penile area in the suprapubic region in a vertical or transverse line. At SLE, wise surgeons know that when the cosmetic scar is away from the organ, enlargement benefits will be at a maximum.
Keeping the organ erect is a must for the lengthening procedure or Surgery LIFE Enhancement and Phallocare to take place. An erect organ state gives the SLE and Phallocare surgeon more access to the ligaments in suspension. The procedure takes place with a penile transaction to make the lengthening effect more profound. With this traction, additional access is given to the surgeon for the suspensory ligament. You get better and bigger results for your organ when there is better access to the ligaments.
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- Julie and Phil bickering about Phil going to watch football.
- Marlene is trying to get an "old crowd" into the pub.
- Julie tells Phil she's accepted a job for him in America.
Julie and Phil come in arguing. Helen and Hannah go off to make tea. Phil tells Julie that she will have to un- accept the job for him.
JULIE: Philip, I think the real problem here is that I dared to make a decision for once.
PHIL:(angrily) Yes, that is the problem! We're not talking about what colour to paint the kitchen walls here! This is our family's entire future! It's a decision we should have made all together!
JULIE: Oh, I see! Like when we all decided to throw in your job at Lassiter's and take over the Newsagency!
PHIL: That was different. Look, I don't want to argue about it. If you're so keen to go to America, go by yourself! (pause) I didn't mean that. *I'm* not going anywhere. Except to bed, right now, goodnight.
JULIE: Wait a minute! You needn't think we're sleeping in the same bed until we've resolved this!
PHIL: I've taken my turn in the back room of the newsagency! I'm sleeping in my bed! Where you sleep is up to you.
She runs out of the house, slamming the door behind her.
Marlene is listening to headphones and making some posters to advertise a pool competition for the Variety Club. Sam asks if Marlene has told Cheryl. He doesn't think Cheryl will be too impressed with Marlene's improvements.
Julie has got Pam and Doug up out of bed. She tells them she's locked herself out and was wondering if she could sleep on the couch. Pam has clearly clocked what has happened, but doesn't say anything. Instead, she says Julie can have Gaby's room.
Phil, Helen and Hannah are wondering where Julie is. Phil apologises to Helen for his fight with Julie last night.
HELEN: She still loves you, Philip, I'm sure of that.
PHIL: I still love *her*, that's not what's changed. What's changed is we now have different views of the future. We don't want the same thing anymore.
HANNAH: That's an evil thing to say! It's not true! My parents would never get divorced! They love each other!
Doug tells Phil that Julie spent the night at their house. Phil apologises and tells Doug that he and Julie are pushed to the limit at the moment.
Hannah has come home again. She's worried about where Julie is. Helen says Julie is probably thinking things over. Hannah says that Julie is sulking and is worried that they will get a divorce. Helen assures her that they love each other and Hannah too, so everything is going to be alright.
Helen agrees that Hannah can come to the Coffee Shop with her today, rather than go to school.
Sam is moping to Rick about Annalise. Marlene asks Helen if she can put a poster in the Coffee Shop window. Sam and Rick are both very excited about the pool competition.
Julie is talking about Phil to a very bored- looking Pam. She asks Pam if she can stay another night and Pam reluctantly agrees.
Rick and Sam are playing pool. Doug and Phil are having a beer. Phil hasn't seen Julie today and is looking very depressed. Doug tells him that things will work out, but Phil says there comes a time when you want to cut your losses. Doug says that he and Pam have been through rough patches and sorted it out.
PHIL: The idea of having her out of my life is starting to sound like a good one.
Stonie and Shane come in. Stonie tells Helen that Shane has just come out of jail. Shane looks at the poster for the pool competition with interest.
Julie comes in. Phil tells her that he's rung Rosemary and declined the American job.
PHIL: I like Australia, I don't want to live in America, I don't want to live on a ranch! I don't want to be a cowboy!
JULIE: But you wouldn't! You'd be a hotel manager!
PHIL: I don't want to be a hotel manager, either. I want to run a newsagency!
JULIE: Don't you want to move on? Improve? Make the most out of yourself?
PHIL: I thought we wanted the same things out of life, Julie!
PHIL: I don't know, I don't want to hold you back.
JULIE: You're not holding me back.
PHIL: Then why do we fight all the time? I'm sick of it.
JULIE: Do you think I enjoy being the subject of gossip for the entire street?!
PHIL: Is that what concerns you in this, your reputation with the neighbours?!
JULIE: No. But it's a consideration.
PHIL: Then why involve Doug and Pam if that's what you're worried about?! The consideration should be your family and your marriage! And whether we want to spend the rest of our lives together when we can't talk for ten minutes without fighting about something?!
JULIE: I knew you couldn't discuss this reasonably! I don't even know why I waste my time trying!
She storms out, leaving Phil looking very cross and upset.
Sam and Rick have lost at pool to some bloke.
RICK: Hey, there's rules about schoolkids in here!
STONIE: Stuff you Alessi, I failed Year 10 twice, remember, I'm older than you!
Shane is not impressed with the pool skills of the bloke who beat Sam and Rick, and steps up to the table.
Julie comes in and orders a double gin and tonic.
Shane comes over and offers to pay for Julie's drink.
SHANE: What's the matter?! You worried what people might think?!
JULIE: Why does everybody keep saying that? I don't give a damn what people think! Look, if you want to buy me a drink, hotshot, go for it.
Julie downs her gin and tonic in one.
SHANE: Now we're talking! Have another!
JULIE: I don't mind if I do.
Rick and Marlene looks worried.
Hannah asks Phil when Julie is coming home. Helen tries to distract her with talk of takeout.
HANNAH: Dad, are you having a divorce, or is this like when you and mum separated and Beth was your girlfriend?
PHIL: Beth was never my girlfriend! She was my friend. It was never a divorce, it was kind of a separation I suppose.
HANNAH: Is that like a divorce?
PHIL: Well, yeah...except a divorce is for longer.
PHIL: Yeah, pretty much. That's why people have to be sure that's what they want before they get one.
HANNAH: Are you and mum thinking about getting one?
PHIL: Well, we haven't discussed it in those terms...look, I honestly don't know what's going to happen. There may be another separation. But we'll always love you. And even if we're not together, we'll always be around for you, OK?
Stonie and Sam are playing pool. Stonie is not doing very well and moans that his cue is crooked. Sam clears the table.
Julie is looking quite drunk at the bar (she's drinking a bright blue cocktail) and Rick advises her to go home. He goes to call her a cab.
Julie turns to Shane and starts trying to ask him if *he* would take a job in the States, but he goes back to the pool table, which is now getting very rowdy.
DOUG: Sit down, there's something I've got to tell you while we've got the place to ourselves! Gaby called.
PAM: Ohhh how is she?
DOUG: Fine, just fine. Except there's a building boom up there and she can't find a decent builder for the complex. She's offered me the job. Seriously! And I'm seriously tempted!
PAM: Well...how long would it take?
DOUG: Well, months, but that's not the point. There's stacks of work up in the top end. The idea is to sell up here and move there - what do you say?!
PAM: Doug...it's a bit sudden.
DOUG: Doesn't it sound a good idea?! We both hate our jobs, and imagine...sitting under the palm trees in a singlet and shorts in the middle of winter?!
PAM: Well...what about Cody? At this stage in her final year Doug, it'd be too disruptive. I suppose you could go on and I could stay behind...no, I'd hate that.
DOUG: So would I. It's something we have to do together or not at all! (pause) Ohh...it was a nice idea.
PAM:(hugging him) It was a *very* nice idea. Maybe one day.
DOUG:(disappointed) Yeah. Well, dream on!
Sam is potting the black ball and Shane distracts him at the last second. Rick tells Julie that her cab has arrived and drags her out. Meanwhile, Shane misses the black, but his mate bumps the table and it goes in.
Marlene protests at the cheating, and the guys surround her, but she's unfazed and refuses to give them the money.
Shane asks where Julie is and then a fight ensues about the pool game. Sam and Marlene cower behind the bar. | 2019-04-24T16:07:30Z | http://www.neighboursepisodes.com/index.php?year=1994&episode=2234 |
Slimline, discreet, stylish – the Pinna thrives in outdoor spaces. Utilise its dual-direction beam to foster an atmosphere of blissful tranquillity. Weatherproof rated IP54 and corrosion resistant. Aluminium finish with warm white light.
For a unique, eye-catching design, step out of the box with ROTOYA. The LED globe is designed with smooth, circular curves, while the base is straight, sharp and angular. ROTOYA dares to be different by merging such contrasting shapes, resulting in a superb look that draws in the eye. This ultra-modern looking light is also ultra-flexible, with a beam angle of 110 degrees. Durable, long-lasting and striking in design, ROTOYA will be a stand-out from the rest!
Made from the highest quality powder coated stainless steel, the TALANTA up/down light is tested and approved as splash-proof (IP55), ideal for Australian weather conditions.
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Think ‘ fabulous al fresco fun’ with LEANA. With its sleek, contemporary design, IP65 weatherproof rating and long-lasting LED globe, LEANA is the perfect Floodlight for adding sparkle to your outdoor area. The light is also equipped with multiple levels of luminosity to suits all your ambiance needs. Sleek to the eye, low on the power bill and brilliant for creating moods, you can’t go wrong with LEANA.
A modern take on the classic floodlight, Forta LED floodlights are industrial-style handsome as well as super energy efficient. The swivelling PIR sensor detects movement up to 12m away within a 180° field of view. Strong and flexible, Forta is a keeper.
This super light, super slim and super sleek LED Floodlight is ideal for the urban backyard. Its light output has been designed to highlight key areas and provide extra-security, without feeling like you’re under a ‘Big Brother’ spotlight! The LED globe means that FINA will throw a brilliant illumination over a long period, using only a tiny amount of power. We’ve also made sure you can have FINA shining from your wall or ceiling to maximise your lighting design options.
For small areas, forget the big powerful units, Maxis is what you need. The PIR sensor detects movement within a 130° field of view and boasts a swivelling range of 90°, both horizontally and vertically. Nimble and energy smart, Maxis is a winner.
Toran pumps out an impressive 1700 lumens on a mere 20W. It’s a new favourite in suburban backyards from Castle Hill to Bunbury. The sensor swivels both vertically and horizontally, so you can position it just where you need it.
A classic PAR38 style twin floodlight, but oodles more energy efficient. The movement sensor sports a 120° field of view and 12m detection range. It will automatically light your path to the front door and save you from the perils of darkness.
If you want precise illumination and longevity in performance, our LILO will not disappoint. This LED is made to jazz up any space or nook you point it to, and will do it all with an eco-friendly smile.
With a tilting head, these D.I.Y spotlights are ideal for highlighting foliage, feature plants or garden sculptures to create visual interest and a wonderful ambiance. Material: black plastic. Height: 121mm. Width: 141mm. Length: 101mm. Lumen output:61lm. Voltage 12V.
Illuminate your paths and driveway with these stylish D.I.Y garden spikes. The head swivels and tilts so you can orient the light anyway you choose. Material: stainless steel. Height: 140mm. Width: 60mm. Length: 50mm. Wattage: 1W. Voltage: 12V.
Bright, modern and easy to install, these high quality,rust-resistant, stainless steel bollards are ideal for lining pathways and gardens edges. They features 40 super bright LEDs with a polished pyramid reflector for a beautiful light spread. Material: Grade 304 stainless steel. Height: 400mm. Width: 100mm. Lumen output: 253lm.Voltage: 12V.
With its cylindrical contemporary curves and strong regal presence, our CACTO Bollard will light up your path with confidence. Its IP rating of 54 and LED globe mean that CACTO is the ideal pathlight for water resistance, durability and long-lasting performance. The stainless steel finish finishes off this elegant eye-catcher nicely!
Modern, elegant and simple, this outdoor LED light makes a statement. Made from Die-Cast Aluminium with an exquisite metallic finish, GLAMA is the perfect lighting solution to add a contemporary look and feel to any outdoor space. The independent adjustable light allows for light play across multiple levels, working as a handy guide for the path, or highlighting a hidden nook from afar. GLAMA is also made to last. With an IP55 weatherproof rating and 5 year warranty, this symmetrical beauty will stand tall with utmost confidence – rain, hail or shine.
A flashy silver spotlight with a hint of maritime styling. It can be used both above and below the water line with glamorous results. Drawing a mere 1W of electricity, it’s also eco smart.
Submerge this handsome unit in the murky depths of your pond, or have it peeping out above the water line. It’s your choice. And we know you’ll choose wisely, with stunning results.
Sprinkle these around your pond and create your own fantasy garden. TULI is a lightweight spotlight that will not only bring out the green in your garden, but leave a green footprint with her excellent use of energy. She even has a little sister – the TULI LED Mini!
Sprinkle these around your pond and create your own fantasy garden. TULI Mini is an extra-small, lightweight spotlight that will not only bring out the green in your garden, but leave a green footprint with her excellent use of energy. Do not let her small size fool you – she’s is just as powerful as her big sister, TULI!
Enliven the edges of your deck and steps with these easy D.I.Y lights. With an LED light source they are safe to touch, so little ones are free from any burning harm. Safe, simple, stunners.
This 12V D.I.Y deck light sits close to the surface for a simple, cleaner finish. Position around the edges of your deck for increased safety and visual delight. Be proud of your deck.
This 12V D.I.Y wall light sits close to the wall surface for a simple, cleaner finish. In addition to decorating dull walls, it’s also useful for highlighting steps for easy visibility, safety and visual delight.
These D.I.Y wall lights are ideal for highlighting feature walls, pathways, and steps. Material: non-rusting aluminium. Diameter: 100mm. Depth:45mm. Wattage: 0.5W. Voltage: 12V. Matt Black finish.
Add an inviting glow to each step you take with ROSI. This LED Steplight is ideal for adding extra safety to those ‘hard to tread’, providing drops of illumination wherever you wish. ROSI also amplifies those hidden and drab areas, bringing out a whole new beauty to your landscape design.
With a peeping eyelid style design, this 12V wall light creates an interesting light spread in a downward direction. Line a few up along landscaping walls for directional light and atmosphere.
Come home late to a beautifully lit garden. Add a sunset timer to your D.I.Y garden light installation and enjoy the convenience of automation.
When installing 12V garden lights, a transformer is required to reduce the 240V mains voltage to the extra low voltage (12V) used by HPM D.I.Y. garden lights. Transformer selection is simple – just add up the total wattage of the garden lights in your installation and choose the next highest rating for your transformer. For example, 10W light + 20W light + 10W light + 10W light = 50W. So for this scenario, you will need to use a transformer with a minimum rating of 60W . | 2019-04-21T15:03:57Z | http://www.rethinkelectrical.com.au/product-ranges/outdoor-lighting/ |
My name is Mohan and I hope this meets you well discovering newer and better ways to be successful in your daily futures trading.
I have been trading the futures markets for about 33 years and trading live in front of a large group of traders for over 18 years in the industry.
One of the key things in the futures industry if you are looking for advice is to find someone to learn from who is above all honest and truthful about their trading results.
Also, you should have some proof of their credibility in terms of being able to see their live trading results either on a YouTube channel, in a live trading room type setting as well as proof of their experience in the trading industry.
Whether you are a beginner in futures trading or have developed some experience through gains and losses this article will assist you in achieving consistency.
As mentioned, I have been trading the futures markets for 33 years and I have gained a lot of experience on the long road of “the learning curve”. This means making a lot of trades…both winners and losers and gradually learning how to achieve consistency.
The proof of this can be seen in the results I have achieved in my trading services such as my “Day Traders Action Live Trading Room” and the results of traders who own my top selling “Boomerang Day Trader”.
My goal in this article is to try to assist you in speeding up your learning curve so that you can move quicker towards finding high probability trading setups with consistency.
First, developing strategies that get you on the right side of the market is vital and #1. Then comes the REAL KEY to trading which is CONSISTENCY.
You can have some fun trading at first and certainly get some intellectual stimulation from studying the markets, but CONSISTENCY is where the “rubber meets the road” so to speak.
You will not be able to grow your trading account without consistent, steady winning trades while learning how to minimize losses and commissions (by not emotionally over trading).
Day Trading the Cruel Oil (CL) and mini Nasdaq (NQ) futures with proven methods. A Daily dose of Rock and Roll!
What are the key ingredients to day trading success?
What are the most vital pieces of the trading puzzle to discover in order to carve out a serious career as a futures day trader?
With all the risk and uncertainty out there is it really possible to make a decent living in the trading business?
To start on the road to high probability trading and consistency you need to ask yourself the above questions.
I will do my best in this article to answer the above questions so that you will feel comfortable exploring the high speed, high risk and potential high profit world of futures trading.
Well, the truth is there really is not a “best” market necessarily because with solid knowledge of a specific futures contract you can make ANY market potentially very lucrative.
Deploying very specific knowledge and then “time in front of the screen” while following that market to develop the skills necessary to trade successfully is the key!
Using the very specific tools that I will show you today in this article I believe that you will be able to find consistency with steady practice and time in front of the charts.
I prove what I am saying here in the live market practically every day in my “Day Traders Action Live Trading room”.
In fact, just recently we had an astounding 83 winning trading sessions in a row in our live room! I have never heard of any other trader, CTA or live trading room in my 30 years in the industry accomplish that with their specific methods.
And rest assured if any trader had done that they would be announcing it and promoting that success to let other traders know that it is possible. I have indeed let traders know that it is possible to encourage them that solid trading is possible.
To give futures traders encouragement, support, training, instruction, precision indicators, and indeed daily live successful trading signals has been my goal in the industry for 18 years now.
I love the work I do communicating with traders every day and plan on doing this for a long time into the future.
If you get a chance, stop in my trading room and take advantage of what we offer. In fact, we are the lowest cost trading room in the industry with the strongest trade results that I have ever seen in the trading room world.
Please don’t get me wrong. I don’t say that to brag but to encourage traders that it is possible to use the markets to carve out a regular daily paycheck on most trading days. Futures trading is a very tough business.
Always remember that futures trading is very risky and you should only be using risk capital which is defined as money you can afford to lose which by losing will not affect your lifestyle.
I love telling our traders who check out our services this important risk disclosure because this futures business will draw in a lot of people who should NOT be traders.
Out of the thousands of traders I have trained over the years (well over 50,000) a good portion of that group should not be trading the futures. Plain and simple many traders do not have enough money to trade futures and they do not want to develop the military like discipline it takes to become a serious futures trader.
Before I get started showing you some charts along with some precision indicators I have developed, let me discuss the key ingredients to futures trading.
You will need to trade with a proven, tested, highly accurate and well researched day trading system that has a long- time track record of success. You can find one of these rare gems (like my Boomerang Day Trader system) or take the harder route of “trial and error” to develop your own. If you choose this route just be prepared for many years of work, frustration and losses in trying to develop such a system. Oddly, although this second key ingredient is so important, I have found over the last three decades of trading and assisting other traders that this vital element is so often overlooked.
You will need above all a crystal, clear working knowledge of how to develop and maintain a “Traders Mindset”. This means knowing and understanding fully how your brain will react to the trading business and its ups and downs during your career of this high- risk business. What I find truly astonishing in my many years of working with traders is the often blatant disregard for this most vital third element of successful trading.
Often, I have seen that it will take a trader two or three blown out trading accounts to finally start waking up and realizing how important the Traders Mindset is in the entire process. The false assumption that a beginning or intermediate trader doesn’t need to train this aspect of their trading life can be the cause of devastating financial destruction.
When confronted with these things the normal reaction of the brain is a “right of flight” response. This is what practically all new traders that I have worked with experience. The reaction in the live markets is seen by jumping out of winning trades too quickly or worst of all holding losing trades too long hoping for a reversal of the loss.
Multiple this by hundreds of trades with losses and you have a formula for trading psychosis if not treated quickly and professionally could result in devastating losses.
All professional athletes have personal trainers that coach them in their goals, focus and on how to improve their game. Usually this is trained in incremental, consistent improvements. Over time such incremental gains can often become substantial victories.
First of all, I would like to establish a bit of credibility which in this futures industry is extremely important when deciding whose ideas or method you are going to use.
This helps establish your trust in me to be able to really give you genuine, valuable training that will cut your learning curve time down some. In this business that is more valuable then gold.
Below is a picture of me giving a live two- day seminar to over 320 traders who flew in from around the globe to learn my trading methods.
I suggest to traders that these two books should be required reading in order to advance your career and be successful.
It is well known by experienced traders that the Volume will generally lead the price movement of the market you are trading.
It only stands to reason that IF you could detect a shift in volume with extreme accuracy you could potentially detect when the price is going to change in advance of the move.
What we are really attempting to do in futures day trading is to “read into the future” of the price over a very short period of time. In other words, in a sense we are trying to become a “Junior Nostradamus” literally every day and indeed every moment while we are trading. IE: we are reading into the future but unlike Nostradamus we are betting money on that prediction.
To accomplish this, I have developed two very specific indicators I call VOLMO (Volume Momentum) and PRIMO (Price Momentum).
These are very inexpensive indicators in line with my long- time policy of NOT gouging traders for any of the services or indicators that I offer.
We also have our long time (10 years on the market) highly successful proven software which is used by thousands of traders known as Boomerang Day Trader. Even though we have had thousands of traders make on going successful trades with Boomerang I have not raised the price.
I have written notes on this chart showing where the Volume Momentum line shifts color (bias) and how that is followed by a reversal of price. We then see a histogram color change showing additional momentum strength in the subsequent price movement in that direction, then we can expect the price to follow.
Now please take a few minutes and watch this brief video below which shows how to correlate the Volume momentum shift with the Price momentum shift on my Boomerang Day Trader chart.
Note how Boomerang Day Trader gives you exact, crystal clear entries on the trades.
Frankly, I am showing you the real keys to finding extremely high probability trade setups AND achieving consistency in your trading.
The VOLMO and PRIMO have been my “secret weapons” for many, many years and have been developed with time, experience and literally thousands of live trades.
I Just recently released PRIMO and VOLMO to the public at an extremely low cost to assist traders in speeding up their learning curve. These indicators are exclusively used on NinjaTrader.
Even if you decide not to purchase these indicators that I have developed, then at least point your research and focus towards Price and Volume which will speed up your journey to success in futures trading.
High Probability Trades are discovered by matching the underlying bias with the surface bias.
In your research you will clearly discover that to find the highest winning ratio of trades you will want to learn how to read the underlying bias of the market.
I consider this to be what I call the “Helicopter view” of the markets. This can be read in several ways, but it requires an in- depth study to learn.
I have prepared a special article specifically on how to read the surface and helicopter view of the market which you can study here.
When you learn to read with extreme precision the surface bias of the market and you trade on that side of the market in line with the underlying bias then you are on your way to steadiness and consistency in trading.
My Boomerang Day Trader software performs these functions for you along with your discretion of learning how to use the software with the exact, specific rules. These rules are easy to learn and we go over them on our regular Boomerang training webinars many of which are recorded on our blog here.
In addition, Boomerang Day Trader gives you exact, crystal clear profitable entries and exits in the futures market unlike ever seen in the industry before.
Boomerang Day Trader has been one of the most popular day trading software in the community for almost 10 years now delivering consistent 80-90% winning trade signals.
You can learn more about Boomerang Day Trader by going to our website which, as mentioned, offers FREE bi weekly training classes which you can attend.
Thank you for reading my article and I hope you will feel free to email me anytime with questions you may have on futures trading.
I am dedicated to doing whatever I can to assist you in becoming a winning futures trader. | 2019-04-21T03:04:45Z | https://www.daytradersaction.com/how-to-find-high-probability-trading-setups-with-consistency-key/ |
The way in which Project Fear has saturated both sides of the official European Union referendum campaigns is reason enough to reject them and replace Westminster’s discredited political system with Project Real Democracy.
The dust still has not settled on the disturbance of traditional politics in Dublin, with no new government elected – or perhaps, electable – in the new hung Dail.
Ireland’s general election on Friday is in fact a crisis election where the coalition government faces a population suffering the pain of harrowing austerity politics. The result could lead to a profound crisis in the Irish state.
The super-rich and the corporations dominate and manipulate the democratic process, says Beverley Trounce. She believes that Jeremy Corbyn’s election as Labour leader could make a difference.
Parliament’s vote to join in the bombing of targets in Syria, with a majority made respectable only with the backing of 66 pro-war Labour MPs, will do nothing to defeat Isis and everything to stoke international tensions and a drive to war.
Those campaigning for a new, democratic constitution can take heart from the fact that the present one is crumbling in front of our eyes. The conflict between the Lords and Commons over Tory plans to scrap tax credits is just one of many breaking points.
Dear Jeremy Your stunning landslide victory in the election for leader of the Labour Party reflects the power of a seismic social movement for democratic change which already reverberates far beyond Westminster.
Jeremy Corbyn’s barnstorming campaign for the Labour leadership is intensifying the fear and panic at the top of a party that is displaying all the signs of fragmentation and a collective nervous breakdown.
The Tory election victory cannot disguise the continuing break-up of the political-state system of rule and will actually hasten it. Over 75% of the UK electorate is unrepresented in any meaningful way while Scotland’s anti-austerity aspirations are blocked.
A tired, outdated and unrepresentative political system is unravelling before our very eyes amidst a general election campaign that has degenerated into outright deception and desperation on the part of the mainstream parties.
The Tories’ proposals that only MPs with seats in England should vote on laws that relate solely to England is more than just a political manoeuvre that they calculate will bring them electoral advantage over Labour. Their plan is a further indication of the break-up of the current political arrangements. These are under immense strain from a range of internal and external processes which together constitute the end of democracy – at least as we have come to know it.
The meltdown of the UK political order is now self-evident and indisputable. From Scotland, to Clacton to Manchester – the message is more or less uniform. Voters are rejecting the mainstream parties in a big way.
The populist electoral revolt against European Union state institutions and their policies – combined with mass abstentions – is the clear signal that the old politics is not just dying but is opening the door to rabid nationalism, racism and neo-fascist parties.
The Ukraine-Russia crisis is just one expression of dramatic changes that are taking diverse forms in different countries. Nevertheless, there is an essential unity to a fast-moving global crisis that embraces economy and finance, ecosystems, democracy and politics, culture and ideology.
Standard Life's statement that in the event of a “Yes" vote in the Scottish referendum they would leave Edinburgh, forcing 5,000 employees to choose unemployment or emigration, shows up the narrowness of the independence debate so far.
Admitting that it has lost touch with “its customers and members and with the communities in which it operates”, the Co-op is at a crossroads. After the near collapse of its bank, the Co-op is asking anyone and everyone to help determine the organisation’s future direction.
Following Ed Miliband’s speeches is a thankless task for a number of reasons. They are more often than not vague and full of phrases devoid of any obvious content. But dig a little deeper and you will find an agenda that promises a reactionary continuity in British politics.
When Labour’s national executive committee today rubber-stamps plans to “reform” the party’s historic relations with the trade unions, it will put the finishing touches to a long-term project to bring the party’s organisation into line with what it actually stands for.
Lest anyone is under the illusion that job centres are there principally to help the unemployed find work, a quick read of a new report by a parliamentary committee will prove salutary. What shines through is a harsh sanctions regime enforced by management under government orders to make life hard for claimants.
Still smarting from an attempt at a citizen’s arrest earlier this month for war crimes over the illegal invasion of Iraq, Tony Blair is now recycling noxious neo-con, pseudo-theories in telling us that modern wars are predominantly the result of religious conflicts.
The ConDems claim that pay for most rose faster than prices in the year to April 2013 is a con trick that cannot disguise a rapid growth in inequality of household incomes since 2008. And with another credit-fuelled frenzy under way, a second crash is much more likely than a “sustainable recovery”.
Has Bob Geldof joined Russell Brand in seeing the political light? For more than 30 years, Geldof has thrown himself into numerous humanitarian projects, starting with his famous Band Aid single in 1984 and the subsequent Live Aid concert to draw attention to famine in Africa. Poverty, hunger and inequality haven’t gone away despite the best efforts of Geldof and countless others.
Ed Miliband’s half-baked proposals to increase competition between high street banks – not exactly a burning issue for most working people – just about sums up the Labour leader’s vision of the “responsible capitalism” he champions.
Vote Balls get Clegg. Why bother?
In 2010, Labour joined in the general vilification of Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg for choosing the Tories over them after the general election produced a hung parliament. Now, with the next election on the horizon, Labour’s tune is changing.
Chancellor George Osborne believes he has found a way to secure continued support from the Tories’ corporate backers while embarrassing Labour sufficiently enough to keep Ed Miliband’s party backing austerity policies into the distant future.
When the smoke has cleared in the exchange between Michael Gove, the education secretary, and Tristram Hunt, his Labour shadow, over how to assess the First World war as we approach its 100th anniversary, we are back almost exactly to where the major parties were in August 1914.
Thirty years ago, a group of determined workers challenged the power of the British state. How close the miners came to defeating the Thatcher regime – with some Tories fearing a “revolutionary” confrontation – is revealed in cabinet papers released today.
If last year witnessed the sudden and unexpected eruption of mass movements in countries from Brazil to Turkey, then 2014 is certain to see countless millions in many more countries become part of what is a global street upheaval.
Positioning yourself to the left of One Nation Labour, as it now prefers to be known, is an easy enough task. Building a new party that can mount a successful electoral challenge to Ed Miliband’s austerity-lite “responsible capitalism” crew is more fraught.
We all know that wide swathes of the global media are dominated by celebrity nonsense which breeds a deep cynicism towards the entertainment industry. But when celebrities like Morrissey, Russell Brand and now Antonio Banderas suddenly speak out against the status quo, something else is happening.
Why the political establishment has reacted so sourly to Russell Brand’s call for people not to vote and to think about revolution instead, should surprise no one. The comedian touched a raw nerve because the old politics is dying on its feet.
Demonising migrants and minorities is not just the privilege of the Tories. You only have to listen to the latest reactionary remarks of former New Labour cabinet minister David Blunkett to realise that.
If Ed Miliband believes that giving employers a tax break to pay the “living wage” will restore, in his words, the broken link between “growth and prosperity”, he is even more cynical and opportunist than we thought.
As Russell Brand’s simultaneously visceral, emotional and intellectual case for revolutionary change goes viral, respected Pulitzer prize-winning US journalist Chris Hedges, arriving at the same conclusion, goes even further than the comedian.
Behind the rip-off increases in gas and electricity prices announced by British Gas is an industry dominated by six secretive corporations who take their cue from the international energy market to drive up profits.
In the country where people work the longest hours in Europe and have the least leisure time, where real wages are what they were two decades ago, councils are fixated on building new shopping and leisure facilities. All in the name of “regeneration”.
Picture this graphic illustration of Two Britains. While hedge funds and big investors can choose whether to cash in on the Royal Mail sell-off, the choice for thousands of older and disabled people is whether to go thirsty or go to the toilet.
In defending him against the malicious Daily Mail, Ed Miliband struggles to depict his father Ralph as a man who “loved Britain” while at the same time distancing himself from his actual views.
Move over Nigel Farage and your eurosceptic-patriotic Ukip outfit. If you want real social populism (as opposed to social-ism), Ed Miliband and his One Nation Labour are the better brand, or so he would like you to believe.
Ed Miliband says he wants to halt the “race to the bottom” in wages, jobs and employment rights. All fine sentiments, except that when it comes down to policies, Labour is in its very own race to the bottom over immigration.
Over the weekend, rebranded One Nation Labour will almost certainly vote for proposals to end the historic relationship between the trade unions and the party they founded over a century ago.
We live in a Britain where a clear majority see themselves as working class, where trust in politicians continues to plummet and where new generations are the least likely to have party loyalties and to vote at general elections.
The governing parties’ surprise defeat in last night’s vote on Syria is just as much a reflection of the immense distrust of the political class across the board as it is a general desire to prevent another in a long line of military adventures.
As Labour prepares to terminate its historic relationship with the very trade unions that founded the party, the questions of democracy and representation assume an even greater importance.
What a day! There was wall-to-wall media coverage of just one of 370,000 babies born yesterday around the world and confirmation that Labour is pressing ahead with plans to break its current links with the organisations that created the party in 1900.
The People’s Assembly Against Austerity, the first major rally against the ConDems’ austerity programme since last autumn’s TUC demonstration, showed that many rank-and-file activists are looking for a way forward that is beyond protest.
The powerful response to the call for the People’s Assembly against Austerity on June 22 confirms that the build-up of opposition to the ConDem cuts is reaching boiling point, presenting a unique opportunity to move beyond resistance.
The living standards of British workers are being progressively destroyed, during the longest slump in the modern age as the capitalist recession takes its toll on the only people who create value in society.
Lawyers are normally known for their measured language. But their anger over the government’s pseudo-consultation over cuts to legal aid which will undermine defendants’ rights, knows no bounds.
The rise of Ukip and the parallel break-up of the Tory Party are part of a wider malaise across Europe that poses a threat to the established order. What happens next depends on whether we can get our act together in the face of growing reaction.
Westminster is fast becoming the political equivalent of an emerging black hole, with the political elite engaged in an increasingly futile struggle to overcome the collapse of their own system into a region where nothing, including light, can escape.
The plaque commemorating 17th century Leveller leader Colonel Thomas Rainsborough, unveiled in a Wapping churchyard yesterday, appropriately comes at a moment when a modest civil war has broken out about the country’s history.
Political turmoil is not just engulfing the Tory Party over an in/out referendum on Europe. It is about to break over Labour in a big way as its Blairite wing gears up for a massive push against what they consider a weak Ed Miliband leadership.
The massive vote for Ukip in the English local elections alongside its second place in the South Shields by-election is confirmation, if any was needed, that the political system is dying on its feet. We have now entered a period of the known unknowns.
The Treasury is trying to frighten Scots out of voting “Yes” in the 2014 referendum on independence over the question of what a currency union based on the pound would mean. But George Osborne is hardly in any position to lecture others.
Place yourself for a moment in April 1982. Margaret Thatcher is a deeply unpopular prime minister. Unemployment has risen to over three million for the first time since the 1930s. Trade unions have staged strikes and protests against her government’s policies.
In their desperation to elevate Margaret Thatcher into a figure who will live on in the hearts of the British people for all time, the Tories are playing with fire. A latent hatred of her policies has re-emerged and the state she regularly deployed is back in action against opponents.
Scotland's SNP first minister Alex Salmond is basing his plans for the country's future on the ideas of Scottish Enlightenment thinker Adam Smith. He told an American audience he would be looking to both of Smith's great works - not only The Wealth of Nations but also the less well-known Moral Sentiments.
Margaret Thatcher was a class-war warrior who dragged British capitalism screaming into the 20th century at the expense of millions of working people. She lives on in the shape of leaders of the main parties who, in a variety of ways, espouse her reactionary policies.
The sheer arrogance of the Tories and their Lib Dem poodles as they go about making the poorest and the most vulnerable targets for benefit cuts increasingly makes them resemble the French court on the eve of the revolution of 1789.
The campaign against the “bedroom tax”, with over 660,000 households due to start losing significant amounts of housing benefit from Easter Monday, has exposed the duplicity of a Labour leadership that has tried but failed to hijack the protests.
Earlier in the week, the key message from the Italian elections was that support for traditional politics was in free-fall. Yesterday, the point was reinforced in the Hampshire town of Eastleigh where the by-election result is likely to kick-start a political crisis at Westminster.
It’s reached the point where you need a high-powered microscope to detect the differences between the major political parties. If there are any, they are at sub-atomic level as the much-heralded speech on the economy by Ed Miliband demonstrates.
Britain is failing young people on every front and you have to wonder if the state has any concern for their future at all. From massive unemployment to deaths in prison, to the impact of the cuts – young people are victims of a massive onslaught.
Promoting his new book, former US vice-president Al Gore says that the country’s democracy has been “hacked” by corporate interests. Well, despite hacking being deemed a criminal offence, no arrests appear imminent when it comes to big business.
If there was ever a government intent on getting blood out of a stone, then it is the ConDem coalition. Yet a revolt is growing over the plans to impose a “bedroom tax” and cuts to council tax benefits from April 1. Some are even suggesting it could be Cameron’s poll tax moment.
Romanians and Bulgarians will be entitled to come to Britain and work at the end of this year because they are citizens of a European Union member state. However, the ConDem government is working on a publicity campaign to dissuade them from leaving for our sunny shores.
Most people were aware that the cuts would be harsh and affect the most vulnerable in society. But now religious figures around the country are joining with charities to point to deep privation amongst large numbers of families, long before the full range of cuts are implemented.
Citizens in Glasgow are up in arms over a council proposal to transform historic George Square, into a corporate “retail-led” space with crass “public art”. Many rightly see it is an attempt to drive the political and social life of the city out of this important square.
So the race to the bottom continues as Labour and the Tories try to outflank each other by getting tough with the unemployed, the disabled and “benefit scroungers” in general. How will the readers of the Daily Mail and other right-wing papers distinguish between the two?
Do some global corporations behave “immorally” when they set out to reduce their tax bill to a minimum through a variety of dodgy but apparently legal devices? Or are they simply acting out their own morality play?
The dispute over statutory (backed by Leveson, Miliband, Clegg) or non-statutory regulation of the press (Cameron) is really no dispute at all. Because regulated or not, the press will as a whole always remain hostile to the interests of ordinary people.
The apparent rise in support for the right-wing, populist Ukip in the polls is further evidence of the break-up of traditional party alignments which we saw at the 2010 general election and the break-down of Westminster parliamentary politics.
As austerity deepens, with spending cuts stretching into the far horizon, there is a renewed focus on the tax that corporations pay, or rather don’t pay. Some argue that if they paid their “fair share”, cuts in services like health and care would not be so severe.
Creating a real democracy to replace our deficient, defective system is obviously no simple task. However, the positive outcome of an assembly called around producing an Agreement of the People for the 21st century shows that the project is gathering momentum.
If you are looking around for arguments that boost the case for creating a real political and economic democracy in place of the sham one we live under, then this week has seen them piled one on top of the other.
As there now appears to be a new convention in public life in the shape of “stepping aside” while inquiries take place into incompetence and/or misleading broadcasts by the BBC, surely there are grounds for extending this practice into political circles as well.
What happened in Germany during the 1930s does have crucial parallels in today’s economic and political crisis. So the start of a new television series about the rise of Adolf Hitler being broadcast by the beleaguered BBC tonight is timely.
The resource-draining Private Finance Initiative foisted on public sector projects by New Labour is helping to create the conditions for the break-up and privatisation of the National Health Service.
“Democracy has recently become extremely important and the key issue in politics.” You can count the political figures who say and mean that on the fingers of one hand. But that was the uncompromising message delivered by John McDonnell to Occupy London activists.
Everyone joining tomorrow’s anti-austerity march in London called by the Trades Union Congress should take heed of what is happening in Greece if we are going to find ways to move beyond resistance to the deepening crisis.
The deal struck between Edinburgh and Westminster to hold a single question referendum on independence in the autumn of 2014 should not obscure the fact that the needs of ordinary Scots are secondary to this political manoeuvring.
So the ConDem coalition is to spend £50 million on marking the centenary of the outbreak of World War One. But the flag-waving nationalism that will surely surround the events will with certainty obscure the truth about the first global conflict.
At last, the big bucks to be made out of forcing disabled people through humiliating tests to cut their benefit are out in the open, thanks to detective work by a member of the Scottish parliament.
By jingo, Labour is the true patriotic party!
A party of true patriotism, making tough decisions in the “national interest”, hiring top business figures as advisers and a party that will stand up to the trade unions. Tories? Lib Dems? Wrong, just wrong!
If you want to know what a future Labour government at Westminster might look like, the leader of the party in Scotland, Johann Lamont, has given the game away.
We have been offered details of some the frequent texts exchanged between Vince Cable, the business secretary and leading Lib Dem, and Ed Miliband, the leader of the Labour Party. How they were obtained, we don’t know. But we thought the “public interest” would be best served by publishing extracts.
In the light of the ConDems plan to turn Britain into a total market state and Ed Miilband’s plan for Labour to “save capitalism from itself”, we present a 2012 draft of the Agreement of the People (with deference to the Levellers and their 1647 version debated at Putney).
A strange case is due to be heard in Slough County Court later this week. The National Trust is seeking an order for possession against “Diggers2012 and Persons Unknown”. The NT also wants a “perpetual final injunction” against the “Diggers” of Runnymede Eco-Village. A ruling in its favour would prevent any camps being set up on Cooper’s Hill in Runnymede, west of London, near where the Magna Carta was signed in 1215.
There are people out there who harbour hopes that a future Labour government under Ed Miliband would be a radical administration that responds to ordinary people’s aspirations. Dream on.
Grossly offensive as well as totally hypocritical sums up the presence of David Cameron and George Osborne at the London Paralympics at a time when many people with disabilities are fighting to maintain their meagre benefits.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s call for the prosecution of Tony Blair at the International Criminal Court in The Hague for war crimes comes as Labour plans to restore the former prime minister to a prominent position in the party.
Following the official announcement by a Tory minister that it is “morally wrong” to pay people like plumbers, carpenters and other socially useful citizens cash as a way of reducing household bills, we present a number of other dilemmas to discuss during the Olympics.
When a café owner has to change its name, shops are banned from having a certain number of linked rings in their window, roads are barred to ordinary motorists and thousands of police and soldiers occupy a quarter of a major city, it can only mean one thing – the Olympics are here.
John Ruskin believed that “the measure of any great civilisation is in its towns and cities and the measure of a city’s greatness is to be found in the quality of its public spaces, its parks and squares”.
While the present Parliament wrestles with a half-baked attempt to turn the House of Lords into something resembling a democratic body, they could always reflect on the legislation introduced into the House of Commons in March 1649.
The fanfare launch of a Manifesto for Global Democracy backed by significant thinkers ought to be a cause for celebration. Unfortunately, its content is so weak that at best it’s a missed opportunity and at worst a step backwards.
The way Barclays and several other banks colluded to fix inter-bank interest rates is a blatant example of what is actually par for the course in big business. Price fixing, secret agreements to divide markets, cartels and other nefarious goings on are as old as capitalism itself.
The euro is heading for collapse, major banks were downgraded overnight, the global economy is plunging into depression and Ed Miliband chooses this very moment to play the reactionary race card.
If the Church of England really wanted to attack the government, there are plenty of issues it could seize on: child poverty, homelessness, unemployment, inequality, bankers’ bonuses, spending cuts etc etc. Opposing gay marriage neatly reveals the CoE’s priorities.
Parliamentary election results across the Channel indicate that Francois Hollande’s Socialist Party will gain a majority in France’s National Assembly. But in case anyone gets too excited about a revival of the European “left”, a quick health check of electoral politics is needed.
The choice between living in a European so-called “super state”, as advocated by German chancellor Angela Merkel, or an independent, “sovereign” state, as viewed by prime minister David Cameron is, in reality, no choice at all.
The establishment have milked it for all it’s worth but tomorrow, after the last stage-managed event surrounding that diamond jubilee is over, for the vast majority of the population it will be back to reality with a bang.
Jeremy Hunt’s appearance at the Leveson inquiry yesterday was obviously a good day to bury bad news, and not just on the part of the government. While chancellor Osborne was abandoning plans to limit tax relief on charitable donations, unions were signing off a pensions deal that will leave over a million worse off.
As unemployment rises and austerity measures bite, the scapegoating of minorities is growing across Europe. High up in the firing line are, as always, members of Europe’s 12 million-strong gypsy and Roma communities.
A year after the Arab Spring found its echo in the Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where a massive people’s assembly took control of the famous square, a new “Global May” is scheduled for an international launch tomorrow.
Political crisis is spreading like a forest fire through Europe following the inconvenient intervention, for the ruling classes that is, of millions and millions of voters in Britain, France, Greece and now Italy.
When an average of two-thirds of registered voters boycott an election – in some areas over three-quarters abstained – it is another sign of a deep disillusionment with mainstream politics and parties.
As an exercise in democracy, Thursday’s local elections throughout Britain don’t really cut the mustard. Voters are presented with a range of parties committed to austerity policies and local authorities that are, in effect, adjuncts of central government.
Theresa May’s palpable discomfort over the Home Office’s inability to read a calendar can only add to the general disdain voters feel for the political class which goes beyond the issue of Abu Qatada and his intended deportation into the hands of Jordanian torturers.
Last Thursday, a man in Modesto, California, whose house was scheduled for foreclosure, shot and killed the sheriff’s deputy and the locksmith who came to evict him.
The Coalition’s proposal to limit tax relief on charitable donations to £50,000 per year or 25% of a donor’s income has touched a raw nerve within the government’s natural constituencies – so called “wealth creators” and those who back the notion of “the big society”.
The Bradford West by-election triumphantly won by George Galloway confirms that Labour’s support in working class communities is extremely fragile and that a major political crisis is coming to a head in Britain.
Politics, like most things in our globalised capitalist society, has become a commodity for sale at market prices. The cash-for-access scandal is only the latest case in point.
These are the words of George Barda, a member of Occupy London, who along with dozens of others, was thrown out of the encampment outside St Paul’s in the early hours of this morning.
Are the Yes Men – a group of anti-corporate activists who stage amazing stunts – just an insignificant bunch of pranksters? Those who control one of the world’s biggest spy companies and their corporate paymasters don’t think so.
The workfare scandal of forcing the unemployed to work for businesses for free or lose benefits has lifted the lid on outrageous profiteering at the expense of the jobless and taxpayers in general.
Grace Harrington was sitting quietly in the public gallery of Glasgow City Chambers listening to Labour councillors agreeing a further £43m of budget cuts. Out of the blue, she was grabbed by staff and "huckled", as the expression goes, out of the building.
As a Traveller, I am sickened by the nomination of Tory council leader Tony Ball for the "Leader of the Year" award organised by the Local Government Information Unit and investment advisors CCLA.
The lives of women in Britain are being devastated by rising unemployment, rising prices and the coalition's spending cuts.
As Occupy London waits on the Court of Appeal’s decision on whether the City corporation can proceed with its eviction of the camp outside St Paul’s, the obituaries are already being written.
On the 200th anniversary of Charles Dickens’ birth just about everyone wants to lay claim to the most famous author of Victorian England. The Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall laying a wreath in Westminster Abbey surely takes the biscuit, however.
For all the excitement generated over the reluctant decision by Stephen Hester, the chief executive of the Royal Bank of Scotland, to decline his near £1 million bonus, this is not a zero sum game.
Sometimes it takes a comedian to tell it as it is. Rory Bremner just about summed up the real state of affairs as he mused in the columns of the Financial Times.
The palpable anger over the £963,000 bonus in shares awarded to state-owned Royal Bank of Scotland chief executive Stephen Hester has to turn into some direct political and industrial action if society is to see an end to this kind of obscenity.
As the tent city Occupation outside St Paul’s, supported by sister occupations at Finsbury Square and the Bank of Ideas, amarks its 100th day, it’s time to celebrate its achievements.
Suddenly it’s alright, if not de rigueur, for the political elite to talk about capitalism – so long as you end up praising the system rather than burying it.
The sinking of a 21st century hi-tech cruise ship in calm waters, on an established route in well-known waters off the coast of Tuscany has set alarm bells ringing for many reasons.
It is hardly surprising that Scots hate rule from Westminster – they are not alone. Millions of workers all across the UK have come to hate the ConDems Coalition for imposing the full burden of the economic crisis on their backs.
While Ed Miliband brings Labour into an ever-closer alignment with Tory arguments (and policies) on the economy, it falls to the Financial Times to ask whether capitalism can respond to an historic crisis of legitimacy.
Interviewing the prime minister for the Sunday Telegraph, Matthew D’Ancona curiously concluded that David Cameron was a man with a mission – “to save capitalism from itself”.
The assimilation of Labour into accepting the Tory Party’s narrative is moving at such a pace that it is no wonder that David Cameron finds his party ahead in the polls.
The year ends as it began, with great social movements of people who have taken to the streets because other means of democratic expression are either cut off, denied or wilfully ignored.
The laurels being heaped on former Czech president Václav Havel, who died at the weekend, by reactionary world leaders should not blind us to his courageous role in the break-up of Stalinist rule in eastern Europe.
If there’s one phrase that’s dominated parliament, the airwaves and the media over the veto used by David Cameron to block a new European Union treaty, it is the “national interest”. It’s an Orwellian phrase, designed to obscure rather than reveal the truth.
In the end, the “choice” was between a British government determined to protect the City of London at all costs and the rest of the European Union agreeing to allow bureaucrats to impose co-ordinated spending cuts on their increasingly angry populations.
Perhaps it is fitting on the day that the slaughter of World War One finally ended, the Treasury is said to be preparing for “economic Armageddon”.
During the 40-or so months since the crash of 2008 a new wave of caring, sharing philanthropy has risen slowly to the surface, culminating in the Bellagio “summit” now under way on Lake Como.
Teaching a fish to ride a bicycle. That’s how even a Daily Telegraph reader describes the pipedream of making the City of London, bankers et al act in some kind of “ethical” way.
The General Assembly of Occupy LSX has called for a global debate about a very different future to the one leaders gathering for the G20 in Cannes are planning.
The resignation of the dean of St Paul’s over the occupation outside his front door tells us a great deal about the deepening ideological crisis inside the establishment and the fragility of its institutions.
When 90% of those responding to a consultation on new anti-squatting laws say changes aren’t needed, what does the ConDem government do? Rush through new legislation that makes squatting a criminal offence for the first time, of course.
When more than a quarter of a governing party’s MPs defy instructions and vote against their own prime minister, you sense the political storm clouds are gathering over Westminster.
A key discussion taking place within the global occupation movement is what kind of “demands” (if any) should be made and who they should be addressed to (if anyone). This conundrum gets to the heart of the matter.
“This is what democracy looks like,” says the first statement agreed by the mass assembly of 500 held yesterday outside St Paul’s Cathedral in the City of London.
The contrast couldn’t be more stark. Finance ministers in grey suits in Paris trying desperately to save the system while ordinary people in nearly 900 cites in 78 countries take to the streets tomorrow to demand change.
As the dole queue lengthens and living standards fall faster than at any time since the 1930s, you’ll be pleased to know that there is work there for all who want it in a planned new government agency.
As the political élite in Scotland focus on wrangling over the future of the union with England, they are united on one thing – the need to impose the full burden of the crisis on people already struggling with low pay, part-time work and fuel poverty.
The empty rhetoric that was David Cameron’s speech to the Tory Party conference speaks volumes about the dire state of the governing political class in Britain (and elsewhere) just as the global economy heads for the cliff.
Some media commentators have suggested that Ed Miliband’s speech to the Labour conference marked a clear break from the politics of the last 30 years and as such deserves support.
New New Labour (NNL) has not only confirmed that in essence it is indistinguishable from the other mainstream parties but that also the present form of what passes for politics in Britain is well past its use by date.
The dreaded “C” word is making its reappearance as commentators and economists alike openly question whether it’s capitalism as a system that’s in the mire rather than merely the banks or the euro.
Take one struggling NHS Trust, add in an exorbitant build-and-maintain private contract – all this is New Labour’s handiwork – and the result is a financial disaster containing a threat to patient care.
The crosscurrents that flow in the world of style are usually at least one remove from the humdrum daily lives of millions of people. Which is why fashion and celebrity have such a grip on the imagination.
While the attention of most people was focused on the illegal invasion of Iraq in 2003, legislation was making its way through Parliament that would open up media ownership and create the conditions for Rupert Murdoch’s empire to flourish in Britain.
A full-blown constitutional crisis is emerging within the British state, with the country’s top policeman challenging the authority of the prime minister who himself is connected to phone hacking through his former press secretary.
The somewhat contrived outrage by politicians of all parties over the hacking of phones by the News of the World should not blind us to the permanently changed relationship between Parliament and corporations that goes well beyond Murdoch’s News Corp.
Although former prime minister Gordon Brown is rightly upset about the underhand not to say criminal methods used by the Murdoch press to obtain sensitive medical details about his son, the fact remains that New Labour did nothing to upset the applecart while they were in power.
Nick Clegg’s statement that "the pillars of the British establishment are tumbling one after the other," should be taken seriously. The question is why now? What is driving the break-up of the institutions that rule Britain? And what follows?
Lest anyone gets too excited about the impending closure of the News of the World in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal, it’s as well to remember the role and power of the media in society.
Scratch a liberal and you’ll find just about any political disease you care to name. Just look at the Lib Dems’ contribution to the reactionary coalition. Or just read The Observer’s call for Nato to “up its game and finish what it started in Libya”.
With official opposition to the government’s policies virtually non-existent, the only significant criticism of the Coalition is coming from areas of the establishment usually seen as traditional supporters.
Connecting for Health, the £12 billion national IT programme for the NHS launched in 2002, is in serious trouble according to the National Audit Office, and mighty have to be scrapped.
The next wave of the Coalition’s attack on the living standards of trade unionists was launched this week by cabinet ministers. The unashamed aim is to redistribute wealth to a raft of private employers. It is class war with a vengeance.
With or without the alternative vote system, the long-term break up of traditional party allegiances is confirmed by yesterday’s national and council elections. Last year’s general election stalemate may well prove the rule not the exception.
At last year’s general election, we argued that a vote for any of the major parties would be a wasted vote. Subsequent events proved we were right and on May 5 we again urge people to withhold their vote in the national and council elections and in the referendum.
One does not normally speak to my people at this time of the year but in the light of the splendid marriage between my grandson Prince William and Miss Kate Middleton, it is appropriate to convey a few words to what I am sure is a truly grateful nation.
On this day 50 years ago, the CIA launched its abortive attack on the Cuban revolution with an invasion at the Bay of Pigs.
When, on this day 50 years ago, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth, it seemed to many observers that the Soviet Union was destined to triumph over – or at least equal – capitalist countries like the United States.
The People’s Assembly Network (PAN) event held in London at the weekend took place against a dramatic background of mass actions against existing authorities from Wisconsin USA, to Tahrir Square in Cairo.
To listen to the supporters of the Alternative Vote system, you would think that a 'Yes' vote in the May 5 referendum would lead to a miraculous new lease of life for the clapped-out parliamentary democracy we have now.
Meetings around the country are discussing where the anti-cuts movement can go from here. Despite the massive turnout, the TUC’s March for the Alternative has not, as everyone knows, stopped a single attack on jobs, services, benefits or grants to the arts.
The biggest demonstration by the trade union movement and its supporters for a generation reveals both the depth of feeling against the Coalition government’s cuts and a determination to do what it takes to succeed in this struggle.
The time to move beyond resistance is now!
The right-wing leadership of the TUC sees tomorrow’s anti-cuts march as a one-off protest that merely “sends a message” to a government which has launched the most comprehensive attack on living standards, jobs and services since the 1930s. March 26 is, however, where the fight to bring down the Coalition gets under way in earnest.
Just in case you think the overwhelming Parliamentary majority of 544 for military action against Libya – only 13 MPs voted no – reflects popular opinion, think again. Seldom has the view of the House of Commons been so diametrically at odds with that of the electorate.
A new survey shows that there is a “crisis in European democracy” as faith and trust in politicians plummets to new lows. No surprises there but, equally, an opportunity to create a different future.
Many have praised the Japanese people’s resilience and preparedness in response to the earthquake and tsunami which has killed thousands of people with many more unaccounted for.
On both sides of the Atlantic, a massive onslaught is under way with the single purpose of dramatically reducing the share of national wealth going to working and retired people in favour of the rich, powerful elites who own and control the economy.
As WikiLeaks founder Julan Assange works on his appeal in London against extradition to Sweden, Private First Class Bradley Manning will begin another 23 hour day in a 6ft by 12ft cell in the Marine Corp base at Quantico, Virginia. Only Manning now also faces the death penalty.
If Colonel Gaddafi is said to be “delusional”, believing that all Libyans love him when clearly they do not, where does that leave Ed Miliband? At best he is in denial about 13 years of New Labour. At worst he takes no responsibility for his actions and ought to seek help.
At a recent meeting of students who had come together from a range of occupations against the rise in tuition fees, a proposal about creating People’s Assemblies was described as a “deeply philosophical” question. The remark, which was not made in a derogatory way, was spot on.
The harsh three-year jail sentence handed to former Scottish Socialist Party leader Tommy Sheridan for perjury involving the reactionary News of the World, contrasts with the six months given to sleazy private detective Glen Mulcaire, who was paid by the same paper to illegally tap phones.
While Labour was preparing to celebrate retaining its seat in the Oldham bye-election, half an hour down the road in Manchester its councillors were announcing 2,000 redundancies from April. In practice, they are doing the government’s dirty work – with the support of the national party led by Ed Miliband.
In the end, of course, it was a question of saving time and, above all, money. Even the official report into the BP gulf oil disaster has been compelled to come to this conclusion.
News today that Britain’s voting system is said to be “broken” comes as no surprise. What is left unsaid in a report by the Institute for Public Policy Research, however, is that the political system itself is in a state of terminal decline.
Embarrassed by the vitality and determination of the student movement against higher tuition fees, some trade union leaders are making militant noises about co-ordinated strike action against the government’s spending cuts. Whether words become deeds is debatable.
US vice-president Joe Biden has raised the stakes in a global cyber war between those fighting for the right to information about the secret activities of governments and those who protect the warmongering interests of global capital.
Even as local authorities were digesting the destructive impact of the Cameron-Clegg Coalition’s savage assault on their funding, it was revealed that the government is hard at work preparing plans to deal with a sharp downturn in 2011.
Absolutely savage cuts in council spending announced by the Coalition yesterday will lead to tens of thousands of jobs losses and the devastation of essential local services. The question is: How can this be stopped?
The continuing wave of student protests against increased fees and education cuts is highlighting a deepening crisis within the British state, one that presents opportunities as well as threats.
Local councils in England will shortly get the news they’ve dreaded hearing ever since George Osborne announced his massive cuts package last month – details of the reduced funding they will get from Whitehall for 2011-12.
The question of how to stop the Con-Dem government’s programme of cuts lay on the table, but remained unresolved at the massively attended Coalition of Resistance conference in London on Saturday.
There are some in and around the Labour Party who believe – or perhaps imagine – that the election of Ed Miliband opens up the prospect of a qualitative break from the Blair-Brown years. After reading his first major interview as party leader, you have to say they couldn’t be further from the truth.
The explosion of anger on London’s streets yesterday was not confined just to the students who attacked the Tory Party HQ. It was also expressed in the fact that unexpectedly vast numbers of students and lecturers turned out to demonstrate against soaring tuition fees and education cuts.
Political innocence is one thing. But desperately hanging on to a blinkered point of view in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary is altogether more dangerous.
Shocking differences within society are revealed in the Equality and Human Rights Commission’s first ever report into fairness in Britain. And the future looks serious, with the report warning that “the current economic and social crises threaten to widen some equality gaps”.
As the coalition begins to unveil its public spending cuts, the muddle-headed idea that they are simply “ideologically driven” remains fashionable, especially among those who think protest will produce a government U-turn.
Perhaps the most telling statistic in the Labour leadership election was the abysmal turn-out in the trade union section of the electoral college. At 9%, it was lower than during the ballot for the party’s deputy leadership held in 2007.
Pope Benedict XVI’s outrageous attack on "atheist extremism" and "aggressive secularism" in Britain has the virtue of providing clear alternatives. We can either shape our own destiny or, as the Vatican and other religions desire, leave our future to divine intervention.
The Pope’s visit to Britain, costing the taxpayer up to £20m, is stirring up a whirlwind of protest. Lest anyone thinks this is a storm in a tea cup, it would be wise to look at the man and the crisis-ridden institution he represents.
“We are alarmed to be informed that, despite earlier agreements with the Police and Birmingham City Council, West Midlands Police are attempting to stop the trade union demonstration against public service cuts from marching past the Conservative Party conference at the International Convention Centre on Sunday 3rd October... "
UK Prime Minister David Cameron has ended his search for a new cabinet minister responsible for increasing British exports and attracting foreign investment. He will ennoble HSBC chair Stephen Green to ease his entry into government.
It has taken an American newspaper, The New York Times, to ferret out the corrupt relationship between Scotland Yard and the Murdoch-owned media empire.
In the four years since A World to Win launched its weekday news blog, we have written over 1,000 of them – that is somewhere in the region of 650,000 words! Now the blog team is going on annual holiday.
That the first serious opposition to the government’s cuts programme has come from within the Tory Party rather than from the usual quarters, reveals the only the depth of the financial crisis but mounting problems within the Coalition itself.
The issue of women wearing the full-body burqa, which is up for the debate in the French parliament this week, has stirred up a hornet’s nest of opinions. It’s not too surprising, given that the question of covering up or not raises religious, cultural and sexual issues.
Tory Chancellor Osborne’s collection of savage spending cuts and dramatic tax changes is intended to engineer a massive transfer of wealth to shareholders, whilst condemning millions to a life of grinding poverty on reduced benefits or on the dole. Claiming that “we are all in this together” is simply a lie.
When David Laws was forced to resign last month, we asked if the Tory right wing was trying to destabilise the Lib-Con coalition. With the announcement that Liberal Democrat Energy Secretary Chris Huhne is leaving his wife in the wake of gutter press exposure of his relationship with economic advisor Carina Trimingham, the cracks are widening.
The trouble with conspiracy theories is the impression given that “they” – bankers, politicians, the military etc – are always in control of events and will thus determine their outcomes to suit themselves. How wrong-headed and disarming this approach is.
Perhaps John McDonnell could draw some comfort from Groucho Marx after his exclusion (for a second time) from the contest for leader of the Labour Party. Groucho once quipped that he wouldn’t want to belong to any club that would accept him as a member.
As the coalition government lines up massive spending cuts that even prime minister David Cameron acknowledges will shake society, a strategy that goes beyond resistance is needed if we are to defeat the Lib-Tory government’s plans.
The story of how David Laws, the Lib Dem chief secretary to the Treasury, came to step down from his post at the weekend after just a couple of weeks in the job is a curious one, to say the least.
The £6.2 billion cuts package announced by chancellor George Osborne and his Lib Dem partner in crime David Laws will cost jobs and hit services, and are just the opening round in plans for savage reductions in public spending. The big issue is how workers and communities can defeat these plans.
For all its outward appearance of partnership and harmony, the Lib-Con coalition government is an inherently unstable regime. Patched together solely to impose the burden of the economic and financial crisis on the backs of ordinary people, the coalition is a high-risk operation.
With the general election now firmly in the realms of a TV game show, the degeneration of mainstream politics is clear for all who care to take note. Another ninety minutes of well rehearsed assertions could not disguise the fact that in essence, there is nothing between the major parties.
Such is the decline in traditional political allegiance in Britain that one appealing TV appearance can thrust an average performer to apparent super stardom as the general election comes to resemble a TV talent show rather than a political campaign.
There were apparently about 80 rules agreed between the major parties about how last night’s TV debate should be conducted. We can reveal some of the rules for the first time – and they go a long to explaining why those viewers who didn’t switch channels had to endure what they did.
Tory leader David Cameron claimed today that his party and New Labour have swapped places in British politics – the Conservatives are now the “radicals” while New Labour are the “reactionaries”.
The reasons for hanging on to your vote at the general election next month are mounting. But surely the most significant is the fact that the electorate is being kept in the dark by a conspiracy of silence by all the major parties capable of forming a government.
The case for hanging on to your vote in the general election, while exercising your democratic right to go beyond the present exhausted political system, has more to do with the way we look at the world than most other considerations.
The spectacle of former Cabinet ministers Stephen Byers, Patricia Hewitt and Geoff Hoon peddling their services to a fictional US company for rates of between £3,000 and £5,000 per day has brought Parliament into even greater disrepute – if that is indeed possible.
You may recently have received a petition from a well-meaning friend with a request to sign it and circulate, or it might have come to your notice in the form of an appeal from Greenpeace – “it” being the planned creation of one of the world’s largest marine reserves around the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean.
History has, of course, seen many manifestos come and go. But the social transformations needed to lift societies out of crisis do not simply appear spontaneously. It is vital to break free from received wisdoms and stereotypes and work out solutions to problems that until now have appeared insoluble.
It’s a measure of New Labour’s “achievement” in over 12 years of government that whichever party wins the upcoming general election will achieve scant support from voters because larger numbers than ever intend to stay at home. According to the latest NatCen British Social Attitudes (BSA) report, the number of people who feel they have a “civic duty” to vote has fallen sharply. | 2019-04-23T02:30:40Z | http://aworldtowin.net/blog/blogsPolitics.html |
With the right team behind you, you'll feel confident about doing business internationally.
Taking your business across borders is a dream for many. HA Corporation provides you with all the necessary services to make your business global.
We have a panel of experts who have great experience in international business to take things to great heights.
Doing Business in Multiple Countries?
It is not an easy task to run a business in multiple countries. Reach out to us, and we shall make things easy for you.
International trade allows countries, states, brands as well as businesses to buy and buy and sell in foreign markets.
It generally diversifies the products and services which can be received by domestic customers. In fact, international trade provides expansion and development potential without risking internal development and research.
Trade doesn’t lack problems. One of the involving countries may earn great profit through exportation but not the importation of goods and services. Also, it can be used to undercut the domestic market by offering valuable goods at cheaper prizes.
International trade has many advantages and disadvantages regardless of the form. Thus, in this article, we have covered various advantages and disadvantages of international trade.
With international trade, every country is able to optimally use its natural resources. This enables each country to entirely concentrate on producing goods suited for its resources.
This helps in reducing and completely avoiding wastage of resources. When natural resources are used properly, it boosts the economic growth of the country.
International trade results to specialisation as well as encouraging production of varieties of goods in various countries.
Since specialisations result in the division of labour, the cost of producing goods can be relatively low leading to more production and high profits in return.
International trade enhances the availability of different types of goods in the market. In this scenario, a country is able to get goods which it’s not capable of producing or which it can’t produce due to relatively high cost through importation from the producing countries at lower cost.
International trade makes a country to produce in large scale not only to feed its citizen but also for exportation to other countries.
This enables countries to dispose of the surplus goods they have in the international market. As a result, many countries adopt large scale production, which leads to advantages of large productions being obtained across the globe.
Due to international trade, wild fluctuations of prices are ironed completely. This enables equalisation of prices of goods worldwide ignoring other factors such as transportation among others.
Underdeveloped countries most rely on the already developed countries to achieve their economic development goals. In such kind of reliance, developed countries take advantage and exploit underdeveloped countries economically.
A good example is whereby many of underdeveloped countries Africa, as well as Asia, have been taken advantage of by European countries and exploited beyond the limit.
International trade poses a big threat towards the development of home industries, thus hindering their growth leading to collapsing.
This is facilitated by stiff competition as well as unrealistic imports which takes over the local market with cheap goods resulting in death of home industries.
Slavery and subjugation are among the things encouraged by international trade. In this case, country’s economic independence is impaired which also endangers political dependence.
A good example is whereby Britains went to India just as traders, but they eventually ruled over India for decades.
Advantages and disadvantages of international trade are endless. The discussed above are just a tip of the iceberg. International trade is engulfed by many advantages and disadvantages at equal measure.
However, there is no time international trade will cease to exist since countries can’t be able to produce all types of goods, meaning they must engage in international trade so that they can import what they lack.
The essential standard in export and import business is that if a nation creates a superior item than your nation, you should import the item. In any case, on the off chance that you have preferable items over different nations, export them. Achievement in business relies upon how to exploit contrasts in demand, cost, and quality. Access to import and export business opens up a world brimming with immense contrasts, giving you many chances to succeed.
Importers and exporters have the advantage of offering certain items in a foreign market first. This gives them an extraordinary financial advantage. On the off chance that you can choose an item productively and need different nations, the demand for that item will be high. Exporting to this nation before starting generation is a great job opportunity.
Here are a few hints to enable you to start your import and export business.
You have to construct your validity to make global progress. You are presenting yourself universally as a solid businessman is important regardless of whether you maintain an independent venture. To do this, you have to get your company logo and a decent site. You have an important business area in global exchange. Potential customers will endeavor to get some answers concerning your items. There’s a great deal of chance that on the off chance that they can not discover you on the web, they’ll go to your opposition.
Likewise, all approaching correspondences you sign ought to show your company name, work title, and contact subtleties.
Ask relevant export experts, for example, Austrade or the office of the nation where you wish to export your items for unique export necessities. Endeavor to recognize many terms of exchange, conveyance, and worldwide installments and the dignity of universal exchange.
Foundation screening is fundamental for potential accomplices previously managing them. You ought to likewise check the contact data given to you by potential accomplices. You have to affirm whether your telephone number, email address, and physical delivery have a place with them. Get in touch with them through the telephone before exchanging products, cash or contracts. Be suspicious of any company or merchant giving you an email address and a cell phone number however delay to give a telephone number and physical location.
On the off chance that you are an importer, request assessment before delivery to guarantee the nature of the items you purchase. You can incorporate this in your agreement or installment condition.
Planning of a legitimately restricting contract concerning exchange conditions. The terms of an offer, item determinations, installment technique, quality review, mediation statement, and so on ought to incorporate.
On the off chance that the introduction is good to the point that it is unfathomable, it is most likely right. On the off chance that a potential accomplice offers an uncommonly high or low cost of reasonable costs, his or her endeavors might be deceitful. Make sure to check your personality, contact data, and any cases made by a suspicious business accomplice. I trust now you had learned and understood how to start an import and export business.
What are some great ideas for starting a home business? There are many different things available, depending only on how much time you should allocate to your business, how much money you can afford, and what you enjoy.
Creating your product is very simple, depending only on what you want to do. If you would like to write, you can start a business where you write your e-book on a topic you are passionate about. You will then publish this information and sell it to others.
If you are experienced, start a business that sells hair clips, clothes, or even modern diapers. Another popular business idea is to make invitations and other designer stationery. These types of boutique products are actually in demand today.
For a literate computer designer, you’ll need to focus your home business on these talents. You can create invitations and graphics cards designed, or if you are talented and understand graphic design, you can design things like logos and headers of websites.
However, product creation requires a lot of time and effort and may not achieve the returns you want.
You can start a home-based business that specializes in helping people to technically do things. Services such as website or blogging, search engine optimization (SEO), marketing of social media and even graphic design provide an excellent opportunity to generate a decent income from home.
Providing your technical services to local companies as a consultant may be one of the easiest ways to start a business from home.
Another option is to start an online retail store or eBay. Retailing can be very profitable if you choose the right products and the right suppliers and join the right price. Still owning and operating an online store for a retailer requires you to store the product and manage the inventory.
These also require a significant commitment to average returns, not the ideal money that makes a home business.
Selling household products such as Avon and Mary Kay, Body Shop is a favorite home business for mothers. While it is a great idea, the only downside is that you should hold parties down and find customers to buy your products to make them worthwhile.
Online marketing is probably one of the most profitable companies in your home, especially if you are looking for your options accurately. There are many systems and tools available to create leverage and automation in your business which will achieve maximum results from your efforts.
Online marketing opportunities are available in virtually any industry imaginable. Personal development, financial education, health/wellness, travel, anything to think about. Choosing a good company is as simple as finding something you are passionate about promoting.
The best opportunities for online network marketing are those that do not require you to buy the product month after month and pay high advance fees. These types of opportunities are known as first-class opportunities.
Whichever you choose, home-based business is one of the best things that you can invest your time and money in.
The list provided in this article was generated based on the trading revenues of top world trading companies. Most of these trading firms are actually a part of the larger global investment banks. The information about their trading revenues was sourced from their annual reports and other relevant sources available online.
Despite the fact that the Barclays PLC does not report their trading revenues directly, its annual report can be used to generate the insights. Barclay’s trading turnover comes to GBP 17.6 billion dollars or 10.66 billion dollars, based on their Daily Investment Bank Trading Revenue.
JP Morgan managed to safeguard the total trading revenues of averagely 20.26 billion dollars. Actually, the company secured 4.76 dollars from the trading of equities, and the remaining 15.5 billion dollars from trading of FICC commodities, currency, and fixed income. The company is listed as one of the larger trading firms that slightly improved on their trading revenues when compared to the past years, with the gain of averagely two percent.
The company secured revenues of about 3.02 billion dollars in equity trading and 13.1 billion dollars in FICC trading, which totals to 16.2 billion dollars for the year. Even though, like most other trading companies, Citigroup Inc. has a slight decline in their trading revenues of about 2.8 percent.
This commercial giant is better known for generating a considerable portion of their revenue from different trading activities across FICC and equities. Yet, this has declined significantly from around 78 percent to averagely 45 percent between 2014 and 2018. The company’s overall trading revenue generated 15.7 billion dollars in this year. If you compare year-to-year trading revenue of the world’s top companies, Goldman Sachs Group leads the category of recording biggest decline over the past years.
Initially formed by the mega-merger of Merrill Lynch and Bank of America, the company recorded trading revenues of about 13.59 in this year. This is reported as a decline of averagely 4.8 percent from last year.
The Germany based firm recorded total trading and sales revenue of about 13.15 billion dollars (averagely 9.6 billion Euros). The trading revenue of products such as debt contributed around 6.9 billion dollars while equity trading and sales contributed around 2.7 billion Euros.
Morgan Stanley, which is located in New York, is actually a recognized investment bank that generates considerable revenues from trading. Their overall trading revenues for this year were averagely 10.81 billion dollars. This records a drop of averagely 2.7 percent if compared to last year.
The company is based in London. It reported the net trading of about 6.921 billion dollars, which lead to a net trading income of about 8.9 billion dollars.
The company is based in Switzerland. It recorded from equities the trading revenue of CHFI 4.03 billion. In addition, it recorded CHFI 1.59 billion from credit, rates, and foreign exchange. The total trading revenue was about CHFI 5.69, which is averagely 5.058 billion dollars.
The bank is located in Swiss, and it reported the trading revenue of averagely CHFI 2.75 billion, which is averagely 2.475 billion dollars from equities and other products.
Copyright © 2019 High Availability Corporation | All rights reserved. | 2019-04-22T09:58:13Z | http://hacorporation.com/ |
Shim feature: CSVFileWriter: added option to always surround fields with quotes.
Shim feature: provided an uncompressed jar, so that the shim can be discovered by the Windows remote loader. See forum post. Thanks AB!
Release bug: Version 0.9 release seemed to have failed to include some features/bug fixes. All 0.9 fixes and features should now actually be included.
I published a survey to see what the potential is for the Generic File Driver and a potential new Shim: the Text Protocol Shim.
Changed the warning text in agreement with NetIQ.
General cleanup of plugin definition.
Shim bug: in certain conditions, doing a retry in the publisher channel on the first record of a file, caused the file not to be reprocessed when restarting the driver.
Shim bug: forum issue with time limited subscriber files.
Package feature: split up of package into base and sample configuration.
Package feature: added Managed System Information Package as an optional package.
Shim feature – publisher – new option to generate a log file for the publisher channel: every status message received as a result of a record, is written to a log file. Base package includes new configuration parameters.
Shim feature – subscriber – added option to keep a local copy of the generated files.
Shim feature – subscriber – changed file closing when maxRecordsPerFile is defined. Previously, when maxRecordsPerFile was set to n, the file was closed just before writing the (n+1)th file. New implementation closes the file after writing the nth record.
Bigger XDS messages can get truncated in the trace. Under investigation. This is possible caused by the fact that these trace messages are broken down by eDirectory into several partial events, without any method to correlate between the two (or more) parts. The plugin is thus unable to find back the 'parent' event of the current partial event.
I finally managed to set up my website. It collects all my plugins and extentions for NetIQ IDM. Although it looks like a dynamic website, this site is 100% static. It is created using a collection of scripting based on jQuery and Superfish. Why? Just because I like the challenge.
This emergency release fixes an issue introduced in version 0.3.0.
Bug fix: fixed issue with backslash during import of associations.
This relase fixes a reported issue.
Bug fix: fixed NPE during import of associations.
It seems that this shim is used frequently in java 1.6 environment, so I had to role back to java 1.6 compatible API.
Shim feature – general – reverted back to java 1.6 compatible ‘move file’ operation.
This release of the generic driver shim fixes some minor issues, but mainly has a list of new features.
Package bug: fixed typo in example xslt template for XML publisher files. See forum thread.
Technical – general refactoring of the shim.
Shim feature - publisher - added option to remove old publisher files. Disabled by default for backward compatibility.
Shim feature - publisher - added option to disable the publisher channel.
Shim feature - subscriber - added option to disable the "max number of records in generated files" by setting it to 0 (zero).
Shim feature - subscriber - when a modify command is 'empty' (=all fields defined in the schema are missing), but the content indicates that the output file should be closed (eg: the file close field is set to true), no query back is performed in order to add a record to the output file. It is assumed that the only purpose of this modify command is to close the output file.
Shim feature - general - added option to replace illegal ECMA script characters in field names (eg for calculating the association). Disabled by default for backward compatibility.
Shim feature - general - added option to include the driver’s ECMA script libraries into the shim (for complex ECMA script operation). Disabled by default for backward compatibility.
Emergency release: previous version contained a case issue with a new shim parameter.
This release fixes some minor issues and introduces a new feature: support for both add and modify commands on the publisher.
Shim feature: added option to configure the command generated on the publisher channel (add, modify or dynamic).
Fixed an issue when tryin to modify the association of not-associated objects.
Bug fix: fixed issues with modifying the state of not-associated objects.
This release is mainly bug fixes and some internal API changes.
Shim/package feature: Added configuration parameter to use Quartz scheduler to close subscriber generated files using a cron-like expression string.
Shim feature: Added slf4j binding (separate jar) for Idm tracing, allowing Quartz logs to be shown in idm trace files.
Shim bug: possible NPE when the publisher folder becomes unreachable (eg due to network outage).
Shim feature: Added option for every strategy to receive driver shutdown notification by implementing IShutdown.
Shim bug/feature: Return an empty instance document when we receive an associated query on the subscriber channel. Reason: support of the merge attribute filter rules in case of a 'sync' event.
This release fixes a meta data issue in the shim.
Shim bug: Fixed an issue wrt the driver not adding the metadata on the publisher channel.
Association editor as a Designer plugin.
First release (beta) of the association editor.
This releas fixes some issues in both the package and the shim. It also adds query back support on the publisher channel (beta).
Shim bug: Fixed an issue with the driver schema (appeared to be hard coded).
Shim feature: Added beta support for query back. Query back only supported on publisher channel (when reading in a file). Feedback welcome.
Package bug: Fixed an issue that caused the driver configuration not to be imported when the package was imported.
Package bug: Changed creation policy from validating the Given Name to validating the Surname.
Package feature: Added package 'Delimited Text Driver Password Synchronization Package' as an optional package for this driver.
Package feature: Added remote loader prompts to the package.
Shim feature: automatic association and src-dn calculation (using ecmascript in the driver configuration). No longer need for style sheets for just creating association and src-dn values. The driver shim now does this for you.
Shim bug: fixed missing remove-all-values on the publisher documents.
Shim feature: added the ability (csv output files) to flush the file buffer after every record written (useful for when you are developing/testing your driver).
Shim feature: when receiving a modify event on the subscriber channel, the shim will query back for all missing attribute values in order to be able to write a complete record (no need for a stylesheet to query for missing attributes and keeping this stylesheet in sync with the schema).
The original version I wrote in 2007 is located at http://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/tools/18671.html. It did not support packages or any of the cool things we can do now, but it already had the extensible architecture and same basic principles (produce and consume NDS, add meta data,...).
See the referenced version for a list of the initial features.
You can read about me on linkedin.
The software is provided 'as is' under the MPL (Mozilla Public License) 2.0. Please read the full license to know the limitations.
Support is based on best effort. I am in the process of moving my code to github.
For the other packages, you can leave a message on the corresponding cool solutions page.
If you want to support me, a donation will always help.
Tracing IDM drivers can be difficult, especially if you have a lot of policies. Designer has a colored trace view, but mixes all drivers. The log files on the server are missing the nice colors.
Note: The Enhanced Trace plugin is optimized for trace level 3.
The trace is server specific. It uses an extended LDAP operation to a specific server to get the trace data directly from eDirectory running on that given server. Right click on the server object (in the outline view) running your driver, select Live -> Trace. This will open and start the enhanced trace on the selected server.
Note that the trace will start using the properties defined on the given server object. If no information is found for eg dns or IP address information, it will fall back to the IDVault properties. So, on a multi-server environment, make sure to complete the DNS or host address name of the server!
When you start the trace, you will get a screen similar to the standard trace screen.
As soon as the trace starts, it will parse the received trace messages and present a tree view in the outline pane. Each node represents a trace step. The plugin tries to group trace messages, not only per driver and event, but also create a hierarchy of trace messages.
The top level event gives a short summary: type of event, object class, object cn, association and worst status in the event.
The highlighted event below is for a publisher event of the JDBC driver 'Corner'. It shows an add event of the USER table, with cn (in JDBC terms the primary key of the table) equal to 33300.
You can filter the traces to a given driver. Note: the names are not the driver names, but the trace names as defined on the driver. If not specified, this defaults to the driver name.
You can drill down through the events and zoom in. Whatever event you click on, you will always drill down just one level.
Note that this is a drill down feature: eg: on a high level, every command performed in eg the command transformation policy, will be traced as being part of the command transformation policy, even if that command passes the output transformation. If you drill down on the subcommand, it will be split up into it's individual components and thus have trace messages in the output transformation.
The outline view of the drilled down event shows the fish-bone. The blocks are colored if an trace message for that block is found.
Clicking on a fish-bone block jumps to the first event of that block.
a specific policy. All policies that contain a trace message are listed.
a status message. All status messages traced within the policy set are listed.
a trace message. All trace messages traced within the policy set are listed.
The overlay icons indicate the worst status message in a given block. Clicking on the overlay icon will jump to that status message. In the screenshot, both the publisher creation and association processor show a 'warning' status icon. In this example, clicking on the icon in the association processor would reveal unresolvable association references, while the creation policy would reveal a veto of the event.
The editor view displays the actual trace messages. You can copy the single message or message tree, message details (XDS document) or both. Double clicking a message will drill down one level (if possible).
refresh will refresh and reanalyze the current event. This is in case you opened the detailed view before the event completed.
rescan will search for the latest event in the live trace with the same signature as the current event (experimental).
I am in the process of moving all plugins and extensions to github, including an IDM update site. This extension is the first one available via the IDM/eclipse update feature. Unfortunately, NetIQ removed the standard 'install software' feature from the eclipse platform. Luckily, they included a package update site feature that works more or less the same.
I have read and accept the MPL (Mozilla Public License) 2.0. license (click checkbox to view the URL).
and try to update you IDM packages. This will now find this plugin. Select it and perform the update.
Add a new update URL as defined above.
Option to directly open and focus the policy editor from a corresponding trace message (I am dreaming, I know). I think that this one will require changes to NetIQ's (undocumented) designer data model.
You all know the DAModifier tool? Nice tool, but it depends on the Novell Client and Windows OS. This designer plug-in allows you to do similar actions: import, modify or export IDM driver associations, but runs on any system Designer runs on.
I am in the process of migrating all my plugins to github, including an automated update site. This plugin is however not yet migrated. Download is available from Cool solutions. Cool solutions does not allow upload of jars, so rename the attached zip to .jar and copy the jar to the plugins folder of your designer and restart designer if already running. I tested this with Designer 4.0.1 and 4.0.2 in Linux and Windows.Version 0.4 supports Designer 4.6 LDAP and non-LDAP.
Right click on a driver object in the outline view or the driver connection in the modeler view and select Live ? Association Editor or right click on the application (in modeler or outline view) and select Driver > Live > Association Editor.
A dialogue will pop-up where you can select what you want to do.
Export associations will export the associations of the selected driver to a tab separated file. This file will contain the object DN (ldap format), the associations state and the association value. Enter the required information (search base, ldap filter, association status and the target file) and press Start.
This allows modification of the association status. Enter the required information (search base, ldap filter, 'from' association status, 'to' association status) and press Start. Optionally, a log file is generated. This log file (tab separated) contains the object DN, the old state, the association value and the action taken.
This allows for importing associations. Enter the required information (file to import) and press Start. Optionally, you can limit the import to a 'test only'. This will generate a log file of the actions it would take. The file to import is a tab separated file with the following columns: object dn (ldap), association state, association value (same format as the export option). Optionally (unless 'validate only' is checked) a log file is generated. This log file (tab separated) is the same as the input file, but adds an action column containing the action taken (or that would be taken in case of 'validate only'). Note: when 'validate only' is not selected, importing will always delete the current associations for the object. It does not add associations to the existing objects.
After pressing start, a monitor dialog is displayed, showing the progress. Upon completion, a summary dialog is shown. Note: processing can be run in the background, allowing you to continue your work. The progress view will display the result. Clicking the link will display the same summary as above (when running in the foreground).
Added support for Designer 4.6 LDAP and non-LDAP.
ldap paged search is somehow not fully implemented in eDirectory. Some ldap searches will return duplicate entries when using paged searches. This is a known eDirectory issue. In order to work around this somehow, the search is sometimes split up into multiple searches. Still, no guarantee is given that objects will not be synchronized twice.
Produces and consumes regular NDS documents (no need for XSLT conversion).
Accepts add, modify or instance documents on the subscriber channel.
Auto-query back for missing attributes on modify commands.
GCV (Ecmascript) for generating associations and source DN's.
Publisher channels processes files in a streaming mode. A maximum of 20 records are prefetched/buffered in memory (whenever support by the file type: CSV and XML).
Publisher channel supports interruption (driver stop command) during file processing.
Publisher channel can add metadata about the file or record processed (eg: record number, filename, last record indicator, etc).
I am in the process of migrating all my plugins to github, including an automated update site. This plugin is however not yet migrated (and since it also contains a shim will never be 100% available via an Eclipse/Designer update site). Download is available from Cool solutions.
The file attached to the Cool Solution (GenFileDriver_xxx.zip) contains (beside some documentation) all required jar files (the actual shim and 2 packages) and a lib folder. The lib folder contains some optional jars.
Package: SVCGENFILEB_xxx.jar This is the base package. Import this package into your designer project. Drag and drop the "Delimited Text" driver that is located under "Tools" and select the "Generic File Base" package, answering all the questions as needed.
Package: SVCGENFILES_xxx.jar This is a sample configuration. Import this package into your designer project.
From this point on, you can use this driver and modify it as any other driver in Designer.
Shim: GenFileDriverShim_xxx.jar Copy the shim to you eDirectory server (DirXML's classes folder). If you want to use XLS support, also download poi from Apache. Restart eDirectory after this. This shim should run on any IDM system where you can run a remote loader or IDM engine.
Note: if you have an older version of the shim, be sure to delete that jar.
lib folder: This folder contains some optional jars. These are only required if you plan to use quartz scheduler to close the generated files using a cron-like string. Jars required when doing this are: quartz-2.2.1.jar, slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar and slf4j-idmTrace.jar.
This driver only has 6 policies; all of them for the publisher channel. 3 of the policies are purely for the publisher logfile generation, the 3 others are traditional publisher policies (matching, creation and placement). If required, you could add the password policies as available from the standard text driver.
Initialize the pubLogMessage variable for all add and modify operations. The variable pubLogMessage will be used for the publisher log file messages.
Strip the publisher state information from the document. If left in the document, it will generate an additional status message, resulting in an additional entry in the publisher log file. In order to prevent this additional log entry, we strip the publisher state information after it has been processed (around schema mapping).
Match on Internet Email Address if any available.
Placement based on a driverset GCV (idv.dit.data.users).
Extend the status message to include the variable pubLogMessage if valued.
NoProcessing: do nothing. You are responsible of making sure that all field names are valid java identifiers (including those not used in you java script).
These options are common for the subscriber, independent of the strategies used.
Work directory. All files will be created initially in the directory. When the files are closed, they are moved to the sub_DestFolder.
This strategy decides when a new file should be started. The BasicNewFileDecider has several options included: maximum number of records, maximum age of the file, idle time or a manual control based on a field in the Add event received.
NewFile: Maximum number of data records in a file. Whenever this maximum is reached, a new file is started (unless overruled by newFile_FieldName).
Set 0 to disable this.
NewFile: Maximum 'age' of a file (in seconds). The age counter starts from writing the first record to the file. As soon as the file is older then the given age, the next record will be written in a new file.
NewFile: Save file after nnn seconds of inactivity. As soon as the driver does not receive new events whitin the given amount of seconds, the file is closed. A new file is started as soon as a new record needs to be written.
NewFile: Fieldname used to manually control the creation of new files. If the value of this field is 'true', a new file will be started for adding the current record. Any other value will not start a new file. Note: as soon as this field is present, it overrules the maxRecord check. If you want both (manual and maxrecord), only set the field when it should be set to 'true'.
Cron string (Quartz) to schedule file closure.
Leave empty to disable quartz scheduling.
Note: If enabled, this requires the addition of other jar's from the lib folder into you eDirectory classes folder: quartz.jar, slf4j-api.jar and slf4j-idmTrace.jar.
GUID FileNamer: Optional postfix for the filename (eg: file extention).
GUID FileNamer: Optional prefix for the filename.
The SimpleDateFormatFileNameStrategy generates filesnames containing a date/time. Internally, a SimpleDateFormat is used.
Date FileNamer: Date format string(according to java.util.SimpleDateFormat).
GUID FileNamer: Timezone for the dataformatter. Leave blank to use system default timezone.
The EcmaScriptFileNameStrategy uses an ECMA script expression to generate the file name. All record fields are defined as contextual parameters in the ECMA script.
Eg: if your schema has a field ‘Email’, you can write the ECMA script Email+”.csv”, generating a file name like [email protected].
The CSVFileWriter writes records in a CSV format. You can specify the seperator independent from the seperator from the CSV reader.
The XMLFileWriter writes the data in an XML file. The format is the same is what is expected in the XMLFileReader. Optionally a post xslt can be applied to get a different format.
The XLSFileWriter writes all records into one sheet(tab) of an XLS file.
Note: this was not (re)tested recently. The original development and POI jar was way back around 2006. If you have any experience with the XLSFileWriter, please let me know.
These options are for the publisher, independent of any strategy used.
Enable or disable publisher channel (class).
Publisher: Comma separated list of sensitive attributes. These attribute values will have the "is-sensitive" attribute set when submitted on the publisher channel. You can use this to mask actual sensitive data or, in case of the ImageFileReader, mask the base64 image string that fills up the log file.
Publisher: List of meta data elements that should be added(recordNumber,isLastRecord,filePath,fileName,fileSize) . The schema as given in the driver parameter 'schema' will be extended with all meta data elements listed.
Publisher: Temporary work folder. All files are moved to a subdirectory (containing a date/time) of this directory prior to reading the file.
Generated command: add (default), modify, delete, ‘dynamic’ or ‘Dynamic Input based’. Add, modify and delete are static options (every event is the same).
In Dynamic mode, the driver will first generate a query based on association. If One instance is returned, it will generate a modify, otherwise it will generate an add. ‘Dynamic Input based’ will first test to see if it should generate a delete event. If not, if follows the ‘Dynamic mode’. This gives in certain scenarios more freedom to use the filter merge authority setting (by avoiding a merge on the publisher channel).
Note: modify events will generate a query-back when a merge is needed. This can have serious performance consequences! For this reason, using 'modify' is not advised.
In case of ‘Dynamic Input based’, the field that determines if this is a delete event.
In case of ‘Dynamic Input based’, contains the regexp that identifies delete entries.
How should processed files be cleaned up.
CSVReader: use the header names (true) or the driver schema given (false). Using the header names has the advantage that the order of the columns can change, without affecting your code. The downside is that if the header names changes (eg: change in case), your code will no longer work.
CSVReader: forced enoding of the xml file. Leave blank to use system default encoding.
If the file is not in the given format, an optional preXslt can be applied to make it in this format. As with the CSV reader, you have the option to use the tag names (eg: aField in the example above) as field names, or use the schema given in the driver configuration.
XMLFileReader: Use the tag names from the XML document (true) or use the driver schema given (false). Using the tag names has the advantage that the order of the elements can change, without affecting your code. The downside is that if the element names changes (eg: change in case), your code will no longer work. The latter should not occur in an XML file, because XML is case sensitive (making at in fact another field when the case of the tag changes).
XMLFileReader: forced enoding of the xml file. Leave blank to use the encoding attribute inside the xml file (or system default when attribute not given).
The XLS file reader reads 1 tab of an Excel sheet. This reader will read the complete XLS file in memory.
XLSReader: Name of the sheet within the XLS file to read.
The Image file reader reads image files as supported by your java environment. By default, java supports PNG,GIF,JPEG and BMP. Since ImageReaders and Writers are java service (via SPI), this can be extended.
Exact: will resize to the given width and height, regardless of the input image. Aspect ratios might not be respected.
Max dimensions: will resize keeping aspect ratios. When both height and width are >0, the image will be resized until either the width or the height are reached. When either height or width are zero, the image is resized to the given height or width, alculating the other for keeping aspect rations.
Only when resize mode is Max dimensions.
When padding is enabled, and both height and width >0, the image will be resized (keeping aspect ratio), centered, and the remaining spaces filled with the padding color.
New height of the image (in pixels).
When resize mode is "Max dimensions": set to '0' to scale the width of image to "New width" and calculate the height to keep aspect ratio. At least "New height" or "New width" must be set > 0.
New width of the image (in pixels).
When resize mode is "Max dimensions": set to '0' to scale the height of image to "New height" and calculate the width to keep aspect ratio. At least "New height" or "New width" must be set > 0.
transcoding is not supported between all formats. Supports depends on source and destination type, but also on things like color map etc. 'png' seems to be working for most input types.
examples: png, gif, bmp, jpeg.
The Raw file reader reads arbitrary files, both binary and text files. The content is submitted as one attribute value.
Files will be read (and base64 encoded) in memory. Be sure to have enough memory depending on your expected file size. It is possible to limit the size of the files.
On top of these, you can still configure the publisher to submit file name, path, etc as required.
Maximum file size (in bytes) to import. Make sure you have enough memory when you want to read large files. Set to '0' to disable this protection.
Binary files will be base64 encoded. Text files will be read (using the given encoding) and submitted as a string.
In case of text files: File encoding. Leave empty for platform default.
The RegExpFileLocator is responsible for finding files that need to be processed. The given implementation scans a source folder, and selects all files that match the given regular expression.
The FilePropertySorter sorts the list of files returned by the file locator implementation, and sorts them (ascending or descending) on a given file property. The property can be any file attribute as exposed by the java file object.
This publisher cleaning strategy does not do any cleaning. All published files are kept on the system. This strategy has no parameters.
This publisher cleaning strategy removes files that are older (last modify date) than a certain age.
How frequent should the age of files be tested.
The publisher logging allows generating a log file for each file received. Log records contain the status received as a response to the add or modify XDS commands submitted by the shim.
These are common logging settings for all publisher loggers (only one for now). Logging on the publisher channel will generate a log record for every status message received as a result of an add or modify event generated on the publisher channel.
Field name for the record number in the log file. Leave empty to not add it.
Field name for the status (Error, Retry, Succes etc) in the log file. Leave empty to not add it.
Field name for the status message in the log file. Leave empty to not add it.
Field name for the status event id in the log file. Leave empty to not add it.
File Logging Strategy (object class implementing IPublisherLoggerStrategy). Determining how the publisher generates logfiles of the files processed.
The Publisher CSVLogger will write the publisher logger to a CSV formatted file.
csvLogger: Write a header record(true/false).
csvLogger: Forced file encoding. Leave blank to use system default encoding.
When you are working with Designer and you create new packages, you can only modify the package in the project that created the package. Luckily, Designer allows you to use subversion, so you can share the project, resulting in all connected designer instances to share the same project, and thus being able to 'own' the same packages.
This Designer extension allows you to mark a package (any package!) as 'Local', thus allowing you to create a new version of your package or add new content to the package.
Note: only use this on packages that you are actually owning. If not, the vendor of the package might release a conflicting version (and then you'll have a mess to clean up).
I am in the process of migrating all my plugins to github, including an automated update site. This plugin is however not yet migrated. Download is available from Cool solutions.
Change the extentions of the included file to '.jar' (Cool tools does not allow files with a jar extention) and copy the file to Designers plugin folder.
(Re)start designer, making sure your project is in 'developer' mode.
If you right-click on a locked package, you should have an additional menu item: ”Mark as 'Local'”.
Selecting this menu item, will request a confirmation of your action. Pressing 'OK' will unlock the package, allowing you to create a new version. | 2019-04-23T04:13:14Z | http://vancauwenberge.info/ |
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 film directed by Mike Newell and starring Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger, based on the book of the same title by J.K. Rowling.
Directed by Mike Newell. Screenplay by Steve Kloves, based on the novel of the same name by J.K. Rowling.
[On attempting to ask girls out] Why do they have to travel in packs? And how are you supposed to get one alone long enough to ask them?
[bitterly] That's me. Ron Weasley, Harry Potter's stupid friend.
"Miss Granger, a plain but ambitious girl, seems to be developing a taste for famous wizards. Her latest prey, sources report, is none other than the Bulgarian bon-bon Viktor Krum. No word yet on how Harry Potter's taking this latest emotional blow."
Harry. I'd almost forgotten you were here. Standing on the bones of my father. I'd introduce you, but word has it you're almost as famous as me these days. The Boy-Who-Lived. How lies have fed your legend, Harry! Shall I reveal what really happened that night thirteen years ago? Shall I divulge how I truly lost my powers? Yes, shall I? It was love. You see, when dear, sweet Lily Potter gave her life for her only son, she provided the ultimate protection. I could not touch him. It was old magic. Something I should have foreseen. But no matter, no matter. Things have changed. I CAN TOUCH YOU NOW! [He places his finger on Harry's forehead lightning bolt scar, and Harry immediately screams out in agony, to Voldemort's cruel delight] Astonishing what a few drops of your blood will do, eh, Harry?
(as he roughly releases the scythe) Pick up your wand, Potter! I said, pick it up! Get up! Get up! (Harry gets his wand) You've been taught how to duel, I presume, yes? First, we bow to each other. (he bows, Harry does not) Come on now, Harry. The niceties must be observed. Dumbledore wouldn't want you to forget your manners, would he? I said, BOW! (uses a curse to make Harry bow) That's better, and now: Crucio! (Harry writhes on the grass in pain) Crucio! (the curse goes away) Attaboy, Harry! Your parents would be proud. Especially your filthy Muggle mother!
(as he fires the Killing Curse at the tombstone; shouting) Don't you turn your back on me, Harry Potter! I want you to look at me when I kill you! I WANT TO SEE THE LIGHT LEAVE YOUR EYES!
[To the onlooking Death Eaters during Priori Incantatem] Do nothing! He's mine to finish!
Dark and difficult times lie ahead, Harry. Soon we must all face the choice, between what is right and what is easy.
I keep looking for some mistake, some sign, some clue as to why these terrible things are happening, but everytime I get close to an answer, IT SLIPS AWAY, it's maddening.
[Enters the tent of the First Task] Welcome today, champions. Now you've waited, you've wondered, and finally, the moment has arrived. A moment only four of you can fully appreciate. [notices that it's Hermione whose shoulders he has his arm around] What are you doing here, Miss Granger?
[In the great hall speaking to the staff and students; his eulogy for Cedric] Today... we acknowledge a really terrible loss. Cedric Diggory was, as you all know, exceptionally hard-working, infinitely fair-minded, and a fierce, fierce friend. Now I believe you all have the right to know exactly how he died. (getting up) You see, Cedric Diggory was murdered, by Lord Voldemort! The Ministry of Magic does not wish me to tell you this, but not doing so I think would be an insult to his memory. Now, the pain we all feel at this dreadful loss reminds me... reminds us, that though we may come from different places, and speak in different tongues, our hearts beat as one. The bonds of friendship we made this year will be more important than ever. You remember that, and Cedric Diggory will not have died in vain. You remember that, and we will celebrate a boy who was kind and honest and fair and true, right to the very end.
Alastor Moody. Ex-Auror, Ministry malcontent, and your new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher. I'm here because Dumbledore asked me. End of story, goodbye, the end. Any questions?
Marvelous creatures, dragons, aren't they?
BARTEMIUS... not trying lure Potter into one of your summer internships, are we? Last boy that went in the Department of Mysteries never came out.
[to Harry, about Voldemort] What was it like? What was like to stand in his presence?
I have no idea who put your name in that goblet Harry, but whoever did is not a friend to you. People die in this tournament.
Draco Malfoy: Why so tense, Potter? My father and I have a bet, you see. I don't think you're gonna last ten minutes in this tournament. He disagrees. He thinks you won't last five.
Myrtle: I was circling a blocked drain the other day. I could swear I saw a bit of Polyjuice Potion. (flirtily) Not being a bad boy again, are you, Harry?
Hermione Granger: Harry! You alright?
Harry Potter: Hermione! Bad dream. When did you get here?
Hermione Granger: Just now, you?
Hermione Granger: Wake up! Wake up, Ronald!
Hermione Granger: Honestly get dressed! And don't go back to sleep. Come on, Ron! Your mother says breakfast is ready.
Harry Potter: Ron, where are we actually going?
Ron Weasley: Don’t know. Hey, Dad! Where are we going?
Arthur Weasley: Haven’t the foggiest!
Ron Weasley: [walking to the Top Box] Blimey, Dad! . How far up are we?
Lucius Malfoy: [standing below them] Well, put it this way; If it rains, you’ll be the first to know.
Draco Malfoy: Father and I are sitting in the Minister's box. A personal invitation from Cornelius Fudge himself!
Lucius Malfoy: Don't boast, Draco. [nudges him with his stick] There is no need with these people.
Ginny: [pointing at a particularly showy Quidditch player] Who is that?
Fred/George: That, sis, is the best seeker in the world!
Barty Crouch Jr.: (as Mad-Eye) Alastor Moody. [Writes "his" name on the board] Ex-Auror... Ministry malcontent... and your new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher. I'm here because Dumbledore asked me. End of story, good-bye, the end. Any questions? [No one raises their hand] When it comes to the Dark Arts, I believe in a practical approach. But first, who can tell me how many Unforgivable Curses there are?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) [Writes "Unforgiveable" on a blackboard] And they are so named?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) [finishing her sentence] Will earn you a one-way ticket to Azkaban. Correct. Now, the Ministry says you're too young to see what these curses do. I SAY DIFFERENT! You need to know what you're up against! You need to be prepared! [Seamus takes some gum out and puts it under his desk] You need to find another place to put your chewing gum besides the under-side of your desk, MR. FINNIGAN!
Seamus Finnigan: [Whispering] No way. The old codger can see out the back of his head.
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) [Throws the piece of chalk at Seamus] AND HEAR ACROSS CLASSROOMS! So, which curse shall we see first? WEASLEY!
Ron: [scared out of his wits] Yes?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) Stand! Give us a curse.
Ron: Well, my dad did tell me about one. The Imperius Curse.
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) Oh, yeah. Your father would know all about that. Gave the Ministry a bit of grief a few years ago. Perhaps this will show you why.
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) Scores of witches and wizards have claimed that they only did You-Know-Who's bidding...under the influence of the Imperius Curse. But here's the rub: How do we sort out the liars? Another, another. [Students begin to raise their hands] Up, come on. [Neville slowly raises his hand] Longbottom, is it? [Neville lowers his hand and stands up] Professor Sprout tells me you have an aptitude for Herbology.
Neville: [Nervously] There's the, um, the Cruciatus Curse.
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) Correct! Correct! Come, come. [the spider comes back] Particularly nasty. The torture curse. [Aims his wand at the spider] Crucio!
Hermione: Stop it! Can't you see it's bothering him?! Stop it!
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) [Releases the spider from the curse; Walks over and places the spider on Hermione's desk] Perhaps you could give us the last Unforgivable curse, Miss Granger. [Hermione shakes her head] No? [Points his wand at the spider] Avada Kedavra! [The spider falls, unmarked but dead. Harry is watching from a desk across.] The Killing Curse. [looks at Harry] Only one person is known to have survived it...and he's sitting in this room.
Olympe Maxime: It's wrong, I tell you!
Igor Karkaroff: You French tart! Everything is a conspiracy theory with you!
Albus Dumbledore: Quiet! I can't think!
Karkaroff: Everything is a conspiracy theory!
Dumbledore: Harry. [Grabs him] Did you put your name in the Goblet of Fire?
Dumbledore: Did you ask one of the older students to do it for you?
Maxime: But of course he is lying!
Barty Crouch Jr.: (as Mad-Eye Moody) The hell he is! The Goblet of Fire is an exceptionally powerful magical object. Only an exceptionally powerful Confundus Charm could have hoodwinked it. Magic way beyond the talents of a fourth-year!
Karkaroff: You seem to have given this a fair bit of thought, Mad-Eye!
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) [threateningly] It was once my job to think as dark wizards do, Karkaroff. Perhaps you remember?
Dumbledore: (enraged, walking between them) This doesn't help, Alastor! Leave this to you, Barty.
Barty Crouch, Sr.: The rules are absolute. The Goblet of Fire constitutes a binding magical contract. Mr. Potter has no choice. He is, as of tonight... a Triwizard champion.
Minerva McGonagall: This can't go on, Albus. First the Dark Mark, now this?
Dumbledore: What do you suggest, Minerva?
McGonagall: Put an end to it. Don't let Potter compete.
McGonagall: Well, the devil with Barty - and his rules. And since when did you accommodate the Ministry?
Severus Snape: Headmaster, I too find it difficult to believe this mere coincidence. However, if we are to truly discover the meaning of these events, perhaps we should, for the time being... let them unfold.
McGonagall: What? Do nothing? Offer him up as bait? Potter is a boy, not a piece of meat!
Dumbledore: I agree... with Severus. Alastor, keep an eye on Harry, will you?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) I can do that.
Dumbledore: Don't let him know, though. He must be anxious enough as it is... knowing what lies ahead. Then again, we all are.
Rita: You should feel right at home then. [Forces Harry to a lower part of the cupboard] Don't mind if I use a Quick-Quotes Quill, do you?
Rita: About to compete against three students, not only vastly more emotionally mature than yourself, but to have mastered spells you wouldn't attempt in your dizziest daydreams. Concerned?
Rita: Just ignore the quill. Then, of course, you're no ordinary boy of twelve, are you?
Rita: Your story's legend. Do you think it was the trauma of your past that made you so keen to enter such a dangerous tournament?
Rita: Of course you didn't. Everyone loves a rebel, Harry. [To the quill] Scratch that last. [the quill obeys] Speaking of your parents, were they alive, how do you think they'd feel? Proud? Or concerned that your attitude shows, at best a pathological need for attention, at worst a psychotic death wish?
Harry: [looks at the quill's notes] Hey! My eyes aren't "glistening with the ghosts of my past"!
Sirius: I don't have much time, Harry, so let me get straight to it. Did you or did you not put your name into the Goblet of Fire?
Sirius: Shh! I had to ask. Now tell me about this dream of yours. You mentioned Wormtail and Voldemort, but who was the third man in the room?
Sirius: You didn't hear a name?
Sirius: And what was that?
Harry: He wanted... me. I don't know why, but he was gonna use this man to get to me. But, I mean, it was only a dream, right?
Sirius: Yes... it's just a dream. Look, Harry, the Death Eaters at the World Cup; your name rising from that goblet; these are not just coincidences. Hogwarts isn't safe anymore.
Sirius: I'm saying the devils are inside the walls. Igor Karkaroff? He was a Death Eater and no one, no one stops being a Death Eater. Then there's Barty Crouch, heart of stone, sent his own son to Azkaban.
Sirius: I haven't a clue who put your name in that goblet, Harry, but whoever did is no friend to you. People die in this tournament.
Harry: I'm not ready for this, Sirius.
Sirius: You don't have a choice.
Sirius: Keep your friends close, Harry.
Hermione: Ronald would like me to tell you that Seamus told him that Dean was told by Parvati that Hagrid is looking for you.
Harry: Is that right? Well... You can tell him... Wait... What?
Hermione: [furiously] I'M NOT AN OWL!
Harry: [enraged] I don't give a damn what your father thinks, Malfoy! He's vile, and cruel... and you're just pathetic.
McGonagall: Professor Moody! Wha-what are you doing?!
McGonagall: [shocked] Is that a... Is that a student?!
Draco: [Getting up] My father will hear about this!
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) Is that a threat?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) IS THAT A THREAT?!
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) I CAN TELL YOU STORIES ABOUT YOUR FATHER THAT WILL CURL EVEN YOUR GREASY HAIR, BOY!
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) IT DOESN'T END HERE!
McGonagall: Alastor. [Moody listens] We never use Transfiguration as a punishment! Surely, Dumbledore told you that?
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) He might've mentioned it.
Crouch: (as Mad-Eye) You. Come with me.
Ron: I reckon you'd have to be barking mad to put your name in the Goblet of Fire.
Harry: Caught on, have you? Took you long enough.
Ron: Well, I'm the not only who thought you'd done it. Everyone was saying it behind your back.
Harry: [sarcastic] Brilliant. That makes me feel loads better.
Ron: Least I warned you about the dragons.
Ron: No, no, no. I did. No, don't you remember? I told Hermione to tell you that Seamus told me that Parvati told Dean that Hagrid was looking for you, Seamus never actually told me anything, so it was really me all along. I thought we'd be all right, you know, after you'd figured that out.
Harry: [confused] ...Who? Who could possibly figure that out? That's completely mental.
Ron: Yeah. Isn't it? I suppose I was a bit distraught.
McGonagall: The house of Godric Gryffindor has been a beacon in the wizarding world for nearly ten centuries, and I will not have you besmirching it in one night by acting like a babbling, bumbling band of baboons.
McGonagall: [About the Yule Ball] Inside every girl, a secret swan slumbers, longing to burst forth and take flight.
Ron: [To Seamus] Something's about to burst out of Eloise Midgen, but I don't think it's a swan.
Harry: [To Fred and George]] Oi! [They lean in to him] You're never gonna let him forget this, are you?
Both: [smug smirks on their faces] Never.
Ron: What are those?! What are those?!
Ron Traditional?! They're ancient! I look like my Great Aunt Tessie. [sniffs clothing in armpit area] I smell like my Great Aunt Tessie! [They look in the mirror] Murder me, Harry.
Parvati: [Looking at Hermione] She looks beautiful!
Dumstrang Boy: [To Parvati] May I have your arm?
Ron: [about Krum] He’s using you.
Hermione: How dare you! Besides, I can take care of myself.
Ron: Doubt it, he’s way too old.
Hermione: What? Is that what you think?
Ron: Yeah, that’s what I think!
Hermione: [on the verge of tears] You know the solution then, don’t you?
Hermione: Next time there’s a ball, pluck up the courage and ask me before somebody else does, and not as a last resort!
Ron: Well... that-that-that... that’s just completely off the point. [sees Harry approaching] Harry.
Hermione: Where have you been? Never mind. Off to bed, both of you!
Ron: They get scary when they get older.
Harry: I suppose Viktor's already figured it out.
Hermione: [catching on his meaning] Wouldn't know, we don't actually talk about the tournament. Actually, we don't really talk at all. Viktor's more of a physical being.
Hermione: [desperately trying to recover] I just mean he's not particularly loquacious. [Harry looks at her in amusement] Mostly, he watches me study. It's a bit annoying, actually.
Hermione: Personally, I believe you behaved admirably.
Hermione: Next to last. Fleur never got past "ze Grindylows."
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: Igor Karkaroff, you have been brought from Azkaban at your own request to present evidence to this council. Should your testimony prove consequential, Council may be prepared to order your immediate release. Until such time you remain, in the eyes of the Ministry, a convicted Death Eater. Do you accept these terms?
Igor Karkaroff: I do, sir.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: And what do you wish to present?
Igor Karkaroff: I have names, sir. There was a Rosier, Evan Rosier.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: Mr. Rosier is dead.
Alastor Moody: [to Dumbledore] Yeah, he took a piece of me with him, though, didn't he?
Igor Karkaroff: I didn't know.
Igor Karkaroff: No! No! There was Rookwood, he was a spy.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: Augustus Rookwood? Of the Department of Mysteries?
Igor Karkaroff: Ya ya, the same. He passed information to You-Know-Who from inside the Ministry itself.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: Very well, the council will deliberate. In the meantime you will return to Azkaban.
Igor Karkaroff: NO! WAIT! WAIT! PLEASE! PLEASE!. I have more! What about Snape, Severus Snape?
Dumbledore: The council is very much aware of given evidence to this matter. Severus Snape was indeed a Death Eater, and prior to Lord Voldemort's downfall turned spy for us at great personal risk. Today he's no more a Death Eater than I am.
Igor Karkaroff: [with demented fury] It's a lie! Severus Snape remains faithful to the Dark Lord!
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: Silence! Unless the witness possesses any genuine name of consequence, this session is now concluded.
Igor Karkaroff: Oh, no, no, no, no, no. I heard about one more.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: What's that?
Igor Karkaroff: I know for a fact that this person took part in the capture, and by means of the Cruciatus curse, torture of the Auror Frank Longbottom and his wife!
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: The name. Give me the wretched name!
Igor Karkaroff: Barty Crouch! [Rita Skeeter gasps, Karkaroff pauses] Junior.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.: [visibly hurt] You are no son of mine.
Severus Snape: A rather rare herb, gillyweed. Not something found in your everyday garden. Nor is this. [He faces Harry and holds up a small bottle of a clear liquid] Know what it is?
Severus Snape Veritaserum. Three drops of this and the Dark Lord himself would spill his darkest secrets. The use of it in a student is, regrettably, forbidden. However, should you ever steal from my personal stores again my hand might just slip over your morning pumpkin juice.
Snape: Don't... lie to me. Gillyweed may be innocuous, but boomslang skin, lacewing flies? You and your little friends are brewing Polyjuice Potion, and believe me, I'm going to find out why!
Voldemort: [to the Death Eaters] Welcome, my friends. Thirteen years it's been, and yet, here you stand as if it were only yesterday. I confess myself... disappointed. Not one of you tried to find me. [angrily starts ripping off their masks] Crabbe! Macnair! Goyle! Not even you, Lucius.
Voldemort: Oh, there were signs, my slippery friend, and more than whispers!
Lucius Malfoy: I assure you, my Lord, I have never renounced the old ways! The face I have been obliged to present since your... absence – that is my true mask.
Cornelius Fudge: For God sake's Dumbledore what's happened?!
Dumbledore: It's all right, Harry...it's all right. He's home, you both are.
Cornelius Fudge: [rushing over to Snape and McGonagall] Keep everybody in their seats! A boy’s just been killed. The body must be moved, Dumbledore! There are too many people!
Moody: [Mocking] "Bu-bu-bu-bu". You won because I made it so, Potter. You ended up in that graveyard because it was meant to be so. And now the deed is done. [Grabs Harry's bleeding arm] The blood that runs in your veins runs within the Dark Lord! Imagine how he will reward me when he learns that I have once and for all silenced the great Harry Potter!
Dumbledore: Now we know who's been stealing it from your store, Severus.
Barty Crouch Jr.: I'll show you mine if you show me yours. [He reveals the Death-Eater symbol on his wrist; the scar on Harry's wrist – where Wormtail took his blood to revive Voldemort –is shown] You know what this means, don't you? He's back. Lord Voldemort has returned.
Dumbledore: [to Snape] Send an owl to Azkaban. I think they'll find they're missing a prisoner.
Barty Crouch Jr.: [smugly] I'll be welcomed back like a hero!
Ron: Yeah, I didn't think so. Oh well, what's life without a few dragons?
Roger Lloyd Pack as Bartemius Crouch Sr.
David Tennant as Barty Crouch Jr. | 2019-04-24T16:09:32Z | https://en.m.wikiquote.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_(film) |
There is no way the single-touch Prada phone could have ever been the industry game changer the iPhone was because of a single feature they shared in the common. The iPhone from HW I the OS to the apps to the philosophy (e.g.: making true phone just another app) to the announcement of Xcode and AppStore 6 months later were all responsible for its success.
Is putting far to much importance on NeXT, when for certain we would have touchscreen phones the fact that the Prada phone was announced fractionally before the iPhone demonstrates that someone else would have thought of keyboards on touchscreens rather than buttons like the article suggests.
The claim that there would also be no effor to build ultrabooks like the MacBook Air is also incorrect as it was only a couple of months after the Air was released Apple was told they had to stop advertising it as the thinnest laptop due to it not being any more. And it wasn't a device made in response to the Air that ended up being thinner.
I'd accept that we may not have devices that look as nice (although a lot of tech is following a Web 2.0 style that has nothing to do with Apple), and there might not have been anyone that would try to quadruple the price people pay for phones. But to assert that the rest of the industry would stand still is complete rubbish.
I think your making a lot of incorrect assumptions about how technology progresses. I don't see any evidence that everything Apple did to reinvent the market would have naturally happened.
As for thinking of an onscreen keyboard that had been done before and before that was imagined in science fiction. The different from before and after the iPhone is how that tool's useability is perceived. When the iPhone was announced it would be crap because all such keyboards are crap. I assumed it would be good but slower than a HW keyboard on phone. Turns out it's faster but does have the abet of requiring the tyre to look. Would this have become standard eventually? Sure, eventually, but it was because of Apple that this is standard on smartphones today.
Look at the mindset back in 2007 compared to today. Not all of it has changed but at least mug of it has been challanged... by Apple. I can't see how this would have happened by now without the iPhone.
Most of that was in Microsoft's favor as they were facing a multi-billion dollar law suit from Apple and anti-trust issues from the government. Propping up Apple not only help detract from their monopoly, but also made them a nice return, settled outstanding lawsuits, AND gave Microsoft something else to copy from for the next 15 years.
That $150M "investment" is probably one of the greatest moves Steve Jobs ever made in the chess game of Apple vs. Microsoft. In fact, it could be one of the most historic moves ever made by a CEO. Who else could get a bitter rival to invest $150M in what appears to be a lost cause? Who else could then use that momentum to eclipse the rival company while at the same time holding them contractually obligated to develop software (Office and IE) for their competing platform? Steve F-ing Jobs, that's who.
I have a fully loaded Turbo Dimension Cube and a Turbo Color slab.
I also have one of only a few processor accelerators for the Turbo slab - a 50Mhz 040 I believe.
Glad it included the One Single Factor that's made Apple "Different", will seal its place in History, and continue to have all others chasing them for many years to come.
"Intersection of Technology and Liberal Arts"
Where Apple's been since Day One. And rest of "Tech Wannabes" are not only unable to find that place, they don't even seem have it on their map (assuming they do HAVE a map?).
With that 'location' firmly established, all Apple had to do was wait for the 'Tech Side' of things to catch up to the 'vision' they (Steve, et al) knew would be realized in time.
Things like 'Vectors' to figure Pi faster, so able to get 'arcs/circles' drawn correctly and not need 'anti-aliasing' computations to slow down the processor stuck with x/y algebra methods to eliminate those 'stair steps' in an 'arc/circle'.
Which finally showed itself by the 2000s as Apple kicked the chit out of everyone else doing what everyone always laughed about for so many years - "Yea, Macs are great for graphics, but if you want to get any real work done, go Microsoft".
Ok, and that "real work" was basically an adding machine, calculator, and cash register - with some email/text thrown in on the side.
Not the kind of 'things' that the World wanted to 'change'.
But - needed those 'graphic calculations' (again, the vectors/trig) to do Music/Media/Video/etc ... and do them properly and fast.
'Things' Apple was just waiting to 'invent' once the time was ripe - how did Steve describe it when he intro'd the iPod ... "Music, low hanging fruit"
On and on - imagine any of you who known the 'depth of tech' and the History over the years can fill in the blanks (and offer any 'corrections') to the 'general idea' I'm pointing at here.
Should be obvious to those who are able to 'see'.
When did he come back to Apple, about 1998 ?
So until his death, he spent 12 or 13 years bringing Apple back from the dead, and chart a course for the future that will carry Apple for these many years to come.
And - he did it all for what ?
His $12 or $13 in salary over those years ?
Steve Jobs returned to the fold when Apple bought NeXT in 1996. Gil Amelio was ousted in 1997 and was replaced by Steve Jobs. Jobs announced the iMac in 1998. The iMac signaled to the popular press and to a large fraction of the buying public that there was a "new Apple."
...Is putting far to much importance on NeXT, when for certain we would have touchscreen phones the fact that the Prada phone was announced fractionally before the iPhone demonstrates that someone else would have thought of keyboards on touchscreens rather than buttons like the article suggests.
The original LG Prada phone was not Android. It was an embedded OS running a UI built with Flash Lite. It could not be considered an "easy to use touchscreen" anywhere compatible to the iPhone. And it was a commercial failure. The only thing successful about it was its being compared to the iPhone in a "we did it first" sort of way by LG before it threw everything about the Prada away and started copying Apple's design as closely as it could. There is really nothing of value left from the original Prada design. It was nothing more than a prototype experiment offering nothing but a high price tag. It was not an important bit of smartphone history in any respect.
Again, the value of the MacBook Air was not just its thinness. It was an overall package, built on top of lots of engineering skill. Nothing has replaced it yet, and there aren't even any capable competitors in place. To suggest that the MBA design was fated to be invented by somebody is rather silly, given that the PC market didn't innovate worth a damn for decade under the rule of Microsoft, apart from chips getting faster.
Nobody said industry would stand still. There has been lots of progress apart from Apple. But very little of that progress has considered the importance of usability, desirability, and esthetics that Apple has imparted into its products.
Look at any other industry and you see lots of companies competing to deliver those aspects (automobiles, clothing, food, hospitality and so on). Among tech companies, there seems to be a myopic drive toward increasing the MHz and RAM, delivering it cheaper, and that's about it.
That's not a fanboy flattery of Apple, it's a reality that mocks the tech industry and its overall inability to recognize the importance of basic humanities.
I am still to this day astounded by the hardware and software made by NeXT. It was easily 15 years ahead of the rest of the industry. That is a mind boggling lead in the computer industry. I hope that within my lifetime, there will be another Steve Jobs to orchestrate such an impressive achievement. These technological leaps don't come along that often. | 2019-04-24T06:15:02Z | https://forums.appleinsider.com/discussion/139186/apples-15-years-of-next/p4 |
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describe the three-dimensional nature of molecules.
sketch a tetrahedral molecule, CX4, using the “wedge-and-broken-line” method of representation.
make a ball-and-stick model of a simple tetrahedral molecule such as methane, CH4.
When drawing any organic structure, you must remember that a neutral carbon atom will almost always have four bonds. Similarly, hydrogen always has one bond; neutral oxygen atoms have two bonds; and neutral nitrogen atoms have three bonds. By committing these simple rules to memory, you can avoid making unnecessary mistakes later in the course.
The “wedge-and-broken-line” type of representation, which helps to convey the three-dimensional nature of organic compounds, will be used throughout the course.
Metallic bonds These bonds are found in solid metals (copper, iron, aluminum) with each metal bonded to several neighboring groups and bonding electrons free to move throughout the 3-dimensional structure.
Each bond classification is discussed in detail in subsequent sections of the chapter. Let's look at the preferred arrangements of electrons in atoms when they form chemical compounds.
Figure 1.4.1: G. N. Lewis and the Octet Rule. (a) Lewis is working in the laboratory. (b) In Lewis’s original sketch for the octet rule, he initially placed the electrons at the corners of a cube rather than placing them as we do now.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the American chemist G. N. Lewis (1875–1946) devised a system of symbols—now called Lewis electron dot symbols, often shortened to Lewis dot symbols—that can be used for predicting the number of bonds formed by most elements in their compounds. Each Lewis dot symbol consists of the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by dots that represent its valence electrons.
The number of dots in the Lewis dot symbol is the same as the number of valence electrons, which is the same as the last digit of the element’s group number in the periodic table. Lewis dot symbols for the elements in period 2 are given in Figure 1.4.2.
Lewis used the unpaired dots to predict the number of bonds that an element will form in a compound. Consider the symbol for nitrogen in Figure 1.4.2. The Lewis dot symbol explains why nitrogen, with three unpaired valence electrons, tends to form compounds in which it shares the unpaired electrons to form three bonds. Boron, which also has three unpaired valence electrons in its Lewis dot symbol, also tends to form compounds with three bonds, whereas carbon, with four unpaired valence electrons in its Lewis dot symbol, tends to share all of its unpaired valence electrons by forming compounds in which it has four bonds.
Lewis’s major contribution to bonding theory was to recognize that atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to reach a total of eight valence electrons, called an octet. This so-called octet rule explains the stoichiometry of most compounds in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. We now know from quantum mechanics that the number eight corresponds to one ns and three np valence orbitals, which together can accommodate a total of eight electrons. Remarkably, though, Lewis’s insight was made nearly a decade before Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom. An exception to the octet rule is helium, whose 1s2 electron configuration gives it a full n = 1 shell, and hydrogen, which tends to gain or share its one electron to achieve the electron configuration of helium.
No dots are shown on Cs+ in the product because cesium has lost its single valence electron to fluorine. The transfer of this electron produces the Cs+ ion, which has the valence electron configuration of Xe, and the F− ion, which has a total of eight valence electrons (an octet) and the Ne electron configuration. This description is consistent with the statement that among the main group elements, ions in simple binary ionic compounds generally have the electron configurations of the nearest noble gas. The charge of each ion is written in the product, and the anion and its electrons are enclosed in brackets. This notation emphasizes that the ions are associated electrostatically; no electrons are shared between the two elements.
Atoms often gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve the same number of electrons as the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table.
Our first example is a molecule with two bonded atoms and no lone pairs of electrons, BeH2.
2. There are two electron groups around the central atom. We see from Figure 1.4.2 that the arrangement that minimizes repulsions places the groups 180° apart.
3. Both groups around the central atom are bonding pairs (BP). Thus BeH2 is designated as AX2.
4. From Figure 1.4.3 we see that with two bonding pairs, the molecular geometry that minimizes repulsions in BeH2 is linear.
2. The carbon atom forms two double bonds. Each double bond is a group, so there are two electron groups around the central atom. Like BeH2, the arrangement that minimizes repulsions places the groups 180° apart.
3. Once again, both groups around the central atom are bonding pairs (BP), so CO2 is designated as AX2.
4. VSEPR only recognizes groups around the central atom. Thus the lone pairs on the oxygen atoms do not influence the molecular geometry. With two bonding pairs on the central atom and no lone pairs, the molecular geometry of CO2 is linear (Figure 1.4.3). The structure of CO2 is shown in Figure 1.4.2.1.
2. There are three electron groups around the central atom. To minimize repulsions, the groups are placed 120° apart (Figure 1.4.2).
3. All electron groups are bonding pairs (BP), so the structure is designated as AX3.
4. From Figure 1.4.3 we see that with three bonding pairs around the central atom, the molecular geometry of BCl3 is trigonal planar, as shown in Figure 1.4.2.1.
2. The structure of CO32− is a resonance hybrid. It has three identical bonds, each with a bond order of 113. We minimize repulsions by placing the three groups 120° apart (Figure 1.4.2).
3. All electron groups are bonding pairs (BP). With three bonding groups around the central atom, the structure is designated as AX3.
4. We see from Figure 1.4.3 that the molecular geometry of CO32− is trigonal planar.
In our next example we encounter the effects of lone pairs and multiple bonds on molecular geometry for the first time.
1. The central atom, sulfur, has 6 valence electrons, as does each oxygen atom. With 18 valence electrons, the Lewis electron structure is shown below.
2. There are three electron groups around the central atom, two double bonds and one lone pair. We initially place the groups in a trigonal planar arrangement to minimize repulsions (Figure 1.4.2).
3. There are two bonding pairs and one lone pair, so the structure is designated as AX2E. This designation has a total of three electron pairs, two X and one E. Because a lone pair is not shared by two nuclei, it occupies more space near the central atom than a bonding pair (Figure 1.4.4). Thus bonding pairs and lone pairs repel each other electrostatically in the order BP–BP < LP–BP < LP–LP. In SO2, we have one BP–BP interaction and two LP–BP interactions.
4. The molecular geometry is described only by the positions of the nuclei, not by the positions of the lone pairs. Thus with two nuclei and one lone pair the shape is bent, or V shaped, which can be viewed as a trigonal planar arrangement with a missing vertex (Figures 1.4.2.1 and 1.4.3).
As with SO2, this composite model of electron distribution and negative electrostatic potential in ammonia shows that a lone pair of electrons occupies a larger region of space around the nitrogen atom than does a bonding pair of electrons that is shared with a hydrogen atom.
Like lone pairs of electrons, multiple bonds occupy more space around the central atom than a single bond, which can cause other bond angles to be somewhat smaller than expected. This is because a multiple bond has a higher electron density than a single bond, so its electrons occupy more space than those of a single bond. For example, in a molecule such as CH2O (AX3), whose structure is shown below, the double bond repels the single bonds more strongly than the single bonds repel each other. This causes a deviation from ideal geometry (an H–C–H bond angle of 116.5° rather than 120°).
One of the limitations of Lewis structures is that they depict molecules and ions in only two dimensions. With four electron groups, we must learn to show molecules and ions in three dimensions.
2. There are four electron groups around the central atom. As shown in Figure 1.4.2, repulsions are minimized by placing the groups in the corners of a tetrahedron with bond angles of 109.5°.
3. All electron groups are bonding pairs, so the structure is designated as AX4.
4. With four bonding pairs, the molecular geometry of methane is tetrahedral (Figure 1.4.3).
2. There are four electron groups around nitrogen, three bonding pairs and one lone pair. Repulsions are minimized by directing each hydrogen atom and the lone pair to the corners of a tetrahedron.
3. With three bonding pairs and one lone pair, the structure is designated as AX3E. This designation has a total of four electron pairs, three X and one E. We expect the LP–BP interactions to cause the bonding pair angles to deviate significantly from the angles of a perfect tetrahedron.
4. There are three nuclei and one lone pair, so the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal. In essence, this is a tetrahedron with a vertex missing (Figure 1.4.3). However, the H–N–H bond angles are less than the ideal angle of 109.5° because of LP–BP repulsions (Figure 1.4.3 and Figure 1.4.4).
2. There are four groups around the central oxygen atom, two bonding pairs and two lone pairs. Repulsions are minimized by directing the bonding pairs and the lone pairs to the corners of a tetrahedron Figure 1.4.2.
3. With two bonding pairs and two lone pairs, the structure is designated as AX2E2 with a total of four electron pairs. Due to LP–LP, LP–BP, and BP–BP interactions, we expect a significant deviation from idealized tetrahedral angles.
4. With two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs of electrons, the structure has significant lone pair interactions. There are two nuclei about the central atom, so the molecular shape is bent, or V shaped, with an H–O–H angle that is even less than the H–N–H angles in NH3, as we would expect because of the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom rather than one.. This molecular shape is essentially a tetrahedron with two missing vertices.
List the bond angles for each of the following compounds: BH3, CF4, H2O.
Why is sulfur dioxide a bent molecule (bond angle less than 180°)?
This deviation is due to the lone pairs on the sulfur. These force the molecule to exhibit a “bent” geometry and therefore a deviation from the 180°. | 2019-04-25T16:13:12Z | https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Athabasca_University/Chemistry_350%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I/Chapter_1%3A_Structure_and_Bonding/1.04%3A_Development_of_Chemical_Bonding_Theory |
Thoughts and ideas on innovation execution, with a dash of strategy and leadership thinking.
The Olympics are always inspiring with the amazing results achieved by the competing athletes. It’s easy to look at someone like Michael Phelps and decide that he provides no inspiration for the average person because he has been groomed for over a decade to excel at this event due to his extraordinary natural talent–and the reality is that yes he has.
If you resonate at your job, ring it as hard as humanly possible.
I am constantly amazed at talented people who have the ability to do great things in their professions…yet they don’t achieve greatness because they treat their job like the average job that they’ve been taught to expect: working nine-to-five (well, nine-to-six is the norm these days) and only do what they are asked to do.
Finding what you are good at and working as hard as you can at that is, frankly, a luxury that most people don’t have. Most people aren’t able to spend their salaried time doing what they do well—most people just work to make a living no matter what the job. Being paid to do what you do well is an opportunity that perhaps one can only truly appreciate at the end of one’s career—to be thankful for being paid to be best at exactly what one is in fact best at. The satisfaction of this unique situation is not about being paid for it, of course; it’s about being judged at what one does best and being given the opportunity to excel at what one does best. If one takes that opportunity, that is.
That opportunity, of course, defines the lives of Olympic athletes. And nothing defines them more than matching their talents to their training and working as hard as they can to be best as they can. In the spectacular finish of the American 400m freestyle relay, the finish of Jason Lezak was spectacular: his performance seemingly pre-destined for the history books, and an achievement celebrated worldwide. Yet what’s not seen nor appreciated by the Olympics viewers is the incredible—and I mean incredible beyond what most people can ever imagine—incredible work ethic that Lezak executed to put himself in the position to be able to make one of the most amazing comebacks ever.
The brick walls are there for a reason. The brick walls are not there to keep us out; the brick walls are there to give us a chance to show how badly we want something. The brick walls are there to stop the people who don’t want it badly enough. They are there to stop the other people!
Work hard. Work harder than others. Work hardest if you are really good at it. Challenges simply exist for you to overcome then if you are up to it.
Most people complain about their jobs and the perceived difficulties and obstacles that they experience. This tip is for the few of you who want to be able to look back on your career with sanguine satisfaction rather than a melancholy attitude towards all that you simply put up with: the brick wall is there for a reason, so let your colleagues complain about it while you scale it, put it behind you, and face new challenges that few ever progress far enough to even come up against.
To most people in the country, I suspect, the only impact of this statement is an impression of the passing of another sports name, perhaps sports legend, who will eventually be replaced in the public’s eye with the next big-name coach at a big-name university.
Bo was more than that.
Bo represented the spirit of a school, if not a whole state, in his embodiment of integrity, determination, team-orientation. Bo was the face of what many Michigan students hoped to one day achieve: overwhelming success without compromise, determination to succeed while maintaining absolute standards of conduct. Bo was determined in what defined success—a Big 10 championship—and in what was necessary to be successful—sacrifice for the success of the team.
Bo wasn’t just a faceless coach who answered questions with pre-canned statements that we’ve heard thousands of times.The press loved him because he was as consistently honest with them as he was with anyone whom he met. To many who weren’t used to hearing honest thoughts from a player or coach, Bo seemed like an oddball. To those who actually listened to what Bo had to say, he was inspiring.
A close friend of mine, a professor who only ever observed Bo from thousands of miles away, liked to make fun of Bo by mangling his surname and mocking his sometimes over-the-top press conferences. Similarly, academicians in general tend to dismiss sports and sports personalities as being trivial and insignificant. A professor at Michigan liked to recount how a dean at Michigan once told him that the worst thing that ever happened to the University of Michigan was that it had a great football team because that took focus away from the school’s excellence in academics (Michigan often vies academically with Berkeley for top state univerisity honors).
What all of these people don’t recognize is the importance of characteristics embodied by people like Bo. There’s a reason that sports metaphors are often applied to other fields of endeavor—they embody behavior and characteristics that are valuable in many areas outside of the sports arena. Are the great achievers in Silicon Valley more similar to towering sports coaches or to brilliant lone scientists? Are Steve Jobs, Bill Gates (okay, not Silicon Valley), Andy Grove, Larry Ellison better associated with the successful engineering professors or with successful coachs?
Bo was passionate about his job and inspired others to be passionate as well. So do the great entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley. Many Michigan alum, who observed Bo’s determination with uncompromising standards, unconsciously try to embody Bo’s values in their lives today, no matter what profession they are in. Great leaders embody those same characteristics that were so abundant in Bo, although most leaders rarely experience the same public scrutiny, pressure and expectations.
To those who were at Michigan during Bo’s tenure, his passing seems like a weakening of life’s foundation—one can’t imagine Michigan and Bo not co-existing. More importantly, the ideals that he represented have lost a steadfast representative. I have to admit, after today, the phrase “Go Blue” for me won’t carry as much weight as it used to.
I heard a great interview last week on NPR with Justin Wolfers, a professor at the Wharton School of Business. The story was also covered by papers such as the San Jose Mercury News. Wolfers has done statistical research that concludes at least approximately 500 games in NCAA basketball over the past 16 years have involved point-shaving: 6% of games with strong favorites which represents 1% of all games. I like his application of simple mathematics to analyze something that everyone can understand, and I also like the name for the field of this application: forensic mathematics.
Wolfers analyzed the game scores of tens of thousands of NCAA division I games and compared their point difference to the Vegas’ betting line for those games. He discovered, in a way that can only be done with a huge set of data, that the games in which one team was favored by over 12 points had a statistically significant anomaly in the distribution of difference in points scored, indicative of point-shaving.
Point-shaving is where a key team member plays poorer so that their team’s score is on the lower-side of the Vegas odds, but typically not so much that his team loses. This is most easily done by a key contributor to a dominant team in a game that is expected to win by a large score: that key player could turn over the ball a couple of times or clunk a few shots off the rim near the end of a game where they will clearly win. For example, a player ensures that they only win the game by 10 points when the Vegas spread had then winning by at least 12 points.
How can statistics tell whether such a thing happened? By looking at conditional probabilities. Wolfers looked at the final point spread in games where the predicted spread was 12 points or more and found that the winning team scored less than predicted. The obvious skepticisms to this are: (i) maybe Vegas was wrong, and the betting line typically over-estimates the spread in lopsided match-ups, or (ii) maybe the overwhelming favorites tend to not play as hard when they are the clearly dominant team so they tend not to score as much as expected. Wolfers raised these reasonable objections in the NPR interview and explained how his analysis avoided these possibilities, but I’m guessing that his quick verbal explanation wasn’t so clear to NPR listeners, so I’m going to provide a visual of what he found.
Wolfers looked at the distributions of game score differences conditioned on the predicted Vegas spread. The figures at the right are my representations of distributions for three different hypotheses. Figure B in the center shows what such a distribution probably looks like if the predicted spread of 12 points was accurate on average. The Central Limit Theorem tells us that this distribution will be Gaussian if the individual points scored are independent samples with equal probability distributions–certainly not true but perhaps not an unreasonable assumption. In this case, the Vegas adds were accurate, and the same number of games that had point differences above 12 points equaled the number of games that had point differences below 12 points. Figure A at the top shows what this distribution would look like if Vegas tended to over-estimate the point spread for these games, or if the favored teams tended to slack off when the spread is this high and under-achieve. The distribution is approximately the same shape as Figure B, but shifted to the left. Figure C at the bottom shows what you would expect if favored teams cut a few points out of their win when the game is close to the spread: the number of games that barely beat the spread would be lower than expected and the number of games that barely missed the spread would be greater than expected. The distribution found by Wolfers for lopsided games resembled Figure C.
The mathematical analysis isn’t too rigorous but is compelling nonetheless. What does this all mean? Point shaving probably occurs in NCAA basketball more than some of us thought. More importantly, however, if you are going to bet on a game with a large point spread, bet against the spread! | 2019-04-20T05:19:58Z | https://thoughtfulinnovation.wordpress.com/category/sports/ |
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Gov. Paterson admitted Wednesday he may have improperly billed his campaign for at least one hotel tryst with a girlfriend.
The hotel tryst was apparently listed as "constituent services."
A campaign payment to Lila Kirton, a high-ranking state employee who was one of his paramours, was listed as "professional services" - which is supposed to refer to legal advice, accounting or speechwriting.
The article doesn't reveal whether Kirton was in fact providing legitimate services to the campaign. Under the circumstances, I hope so.
Well, it's been nearly a month in blog years since Friday, so fortunately the Obama campaign didn't wait for me. Obama gave the speech he had to give today.
Baby Girl Garth doesn't wear a lot of pink. There's nothing wrong with pink in the abstract -- I have a pink shirt that I'm rather fond of -- but in my view there is no doubt that in our society pink is used to put girls (and sometimes men) "in their place". It's not an outright boycott, mind you, but Mary and I do prefer that Baby be able to live even a few months without being aggressively gendered by society.
Yesterday, the owner of Baby's day care, with whom we have become very friendly, bought Baby some clothes and shoes. This was very kind and appreciated. But everything was pink, a circumstance she mentioned. (I think she even said, "pretty in pink".) Implication: That baby doesn't wear enough pink.
In all cases, the moral is: You will get your comeuppance for daring to challenge gender orthodoxy. Your daughter will "act like a girl" no matter what you do, because that is her true nature, and it is only your own hubris that makes you act otherwise. The moral, of course, makes no sense. People can argue nature vs. nurture about a lot of things. But choice of clothing is clearly socially constructed, and the custom of dressing girls in pink is less than a century old and, apparently, used to be reversed (pink for boys).
It may be that Baby Girl Garth decides some day she loves pink, but if she does, it will not be because she suddenly discovers her "true nature", but rather because a lot of people are very threatened by the idea that one might treat a baby girl the same as one would treat a baby boy.
David Cohen has up an interesting post on bed rest, which is widely prescribed for a variety of pregnancy ailments.
So why do doctors put women through the dreadful and draining experience of bed rest? Medical intuition, risk aversion, the intransigence of inertia — all these are certainly factors here. But, behind all of this, is there something else going on? Are doctors subconsciously acting on age-old stereotypes about what women should be doing during pregnancy? Are they putting women on bed rest because, when anything in life presents a difficulty to a pregnancy, the response is to make women stop whatever it is that they are doing in their lives and focus solely on being the babymakers that they biologically should be?
I am certainly not saying that my wife’s doctor has this motivation or that any particular doctor does. But, when research shows that bed rest does not have benefits but the recommendation still persists, background assumptions about women and pregnancy have to be analyzed.
I would state the case even more strongly. To direct a women to stop working, or doing whatever else she wants to do with her time, when there is no evidence of a resulting medical benefit, shows a reprehensible contempt for the value of women's time. If anything, Cohen is going too easy on the doctor. Did the doctor (a specialist in obstetrics, I assume) tell Cohen's wife that empirical studies don't support the advice being given? Did he or she seriously think through the costs and benefits of following that advice, and counsel Cohen's wife so that she could make an informed decision? Even if the answer is yes, would he or she have done the same for a patient with less income or education? These are exactly the kinds of issues that obstetricians should be expected to give serious thought to, if they are going to properly serve their patients.
Despite all of that, Cohen and his wife have chosen to follow the doctor's advice, even though they are presumably sophisticated people who appreciate the value of controlled empirical studies. That is completely understandable. As expectant parents, we want to protect our children. It is very hard to disregard authority, even in the face of clear empirical evidence, as in the case of alcohol or caffeine consumption by pregnant women. Mary and I knew that Bendectin, which is an effective anti-morning-sickness drug that can be replicated at home with a combination of Vitamin B-6 and Unisom, poses no risk to the fetus, but subjectively it is still a bit scary to take because of past pronouncements as to its dangers. That is why it is incumbent on those in positions of authority, both individual obstetricians and the relevant medical academies, to think rigorously about these issues, and in doing so to recognize that a woman's time does not become valueless merely because she is pregnant.
While it's bad enough that Foxman says Hagee is alright with him, what's worse is that Foxman actually says Hagee is "opposed to antisemitism". How can Foxman square that with this?
Doesn't that say that anti-Semitism was the divinely approved response to what Jews have done? Isn't that the opposite of being "opposed to anti-Semitism"?
It is, frankly, despicable that the head of a leading organization charged with fighting anti-Semitism -- an organization whose charter honorably undertakes "to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people" (emphasis added) -- should so abandon reason and principle in favor of what he supposes (wrongly, but that's another matter) to be in Israel's short-term interest.
The market still sees Obama as a 3:1 favorite. If you feel like making a few bucks, I have a hunch it will be more like 60:40 within the week, as the market digests the new dynamics of the race. Despite recent emphasis on "delegate math" -- which shows that Obama will almost certainly finish with more pledged delegates -- the working assumption that superdelegates are trending Obama is no longer operative. They could go either way. Especially if Clinton can pull ahead in the popular vote, there will be ample cover for superdelegates to put Clinton over the top if they so choose.
The bad news is that Clinton has already gone on the attack against Obama, and Obama will have to do the same toward Clinton. (Yes, that's the "old politics" Obama derides, but he'll just have to say that new politics doesn't require one to be a punching bag, etc.) In other words, the enthusiasm of Democratic voters, which is giving us record fundraising, will lead to Clinton and Obama together spending something like $75 million -- more than 25% of what John Kerry spent on his entire presidential campaign -- over the next 6 weeks to make the other one look bad, with the principal focus of that activity being in Pennsylvania, a leaning-Dem swing state that the Dems almost certainly cannot win without. Meanwhile, the Bush money machine is going to start cranking for McCain, meaning a window of opportunity where the money is all on our side may be closing. A huge lost opportunity.
The good news, of course, is that if Clinton can win, she will, almost by definition, have established that Obama was not, in fact, ready for prime time. My guess is that doesn't happen -- that he stops playing frontrunner, hits Clinton hard, and gets back on track -- but if he doesn't, that probably tells us he wasn't the right candidate for the general election.
The blame, I am afraid, lies with neither Clinton nor Obama, but with Howard Dean (it pains me to say) and the rest of the party establishment, for creating a primary system that was poorly designed to deal with a contested primary. How, after 2000, could Dems have failed to consider the possibility that an election could be close?
"That may be where this is headed, but of course we have to decide who is on the top of ticket. I think the people of Ohio very clearly said that it should be me."
Neither candidate is my first choice -- my dream VP would be Wes Clark -- but a ticket-sharing deal some time after Pennsylvania may be the way to go.
Ann Bartow points me to Linda Hirshman's op-ed that appeared on the same page with Charlotte Allen's ridiculous op-ed Sunday.
Google Blog Search (as of this morning around 10 EST) reveals 27 blog entries referring to Hirshman since her piece appeared versus 1,495 for Allen. While not all of the 1,495 references have been negative -- Kathryn Jean Lopez at the Corner has a five-word post (seven with the title) that reads, "Charlotte Allen eviscerates women. I love it." (Seriously, Lopez really wrote that.) -- the vast majority have been throughly and rightly critical.
Perhaps because of the attention received by Allen, Hirshman's op-ed has received little attention. Hirshman purports to explain why Hillary Clinton -- who has received strong support from female primary voters (a 7-point edge according to Hirshman) -- has not received strong enough support from women to be the frontrunner. The title and some of the text suggest that she views the explanation as relating to class (although she also addresses, and then puts aside, the role of race). She suggests that perhaps less educated women (by which she means less educated white women) lean Clinton because they care more about "Clinton's early stand on family leave or her slightly more generous health-care plan" or that more educated (again white) women prefer Obama's "less bellicose" foreign policy. Whether true or not, those seem like plausible, policy-based explanations -- so why does Hirshman turn that into a critique of feminists turning on their "working-class" "sisters" in favor of "solidarity with their own class"? (She acknowledges that there are prominent feminists on both sides of the Clinton-Obama race, but dismisses feminist support of Clinton as "man bites dog".) Betraying working-class women is a pretty strong charge to base on nothing more than voting for the candidate with a better approach to foreign policy approach because he's offering a "slightly [less] generous health-care plan".
Or it could just be that women with more education (and more money) relate on a subconscious level to the young and handsome Barack and Michelle Obama, with their white-porticoed mansion in one of the cooler Chicago neighborhoods and her Jimmy Choo shoes.
Has this rhetorical firestorm had an effect on the political decisions of college-educated white women? I don't know. But I do know that many of these women have succeeded by meeting or exceeding society's expectations. And the movement quality of the Obama campaign has certainly raised expectations of commitment to its candidate well beyond those of a normal political campaign. This has to be generating powerful peer pressure.
So it's undue susceptibility to peer pressure, or just falling for the hunky dude with a nice house.
I can imagine the strategists for the senator from Illinois thinking, "What's that song in Verdi's 'Rigoletto'?" Women are fickle.
Whatever the explanation, the Clinton campaign could now be stuttering to its close, and Mark Penn has been criticized for everything from short-sightedness about the primary schedule to overspending on sandwich platters. But those failures pale beside the biggest one of all: not recognizing the fickleness of the female voter.
While the editorial decision to publish Allen's piece was dubious on its own, I find it extraordinary that that the Post decided to publish two simultaneous Sunday op-eds devoted to the theme that women's voting -- and only women's voting -- is governed by some unsubstantiated mental failing.
[I]t's shameful, and the Post owes its readers an apology. Not, I hasten to add, because the thesis was so daring and our tender sensibilities must be soothed. But because the work was so shoddy and the author so poorly chosen.
That's an important point, because it seems that every time the left condemns a conservative columnist, it is accused of intolerance toward opposing viewpoints -- I mean you, Andy Rosenthal -- rather than intolerance for intellectual bankruptcy.
Shorter Charlotte Allen: I am a paste-eating moron, and so therefore all other women are as shockingly stupid as I am. | 2019-04-26T08:00:45Z | https://thurgood.blogspot.com/2008_03_01_archive.html |
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Main namespace for creating Mac native user interfaces.
AppKitFramework Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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DrawerWillResizeContentsDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
GlobalEventHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSAnimationCurve Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSAnimationDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSAnimationEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSAnimationEventArgs.AnimationDidReachProgressMark event.
NSAnimationPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSApplication Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSApplicationError Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationFile Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationFileCommand Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationFilesEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSApplicationFilesEventArgs.OpenFiles event.
NSApplicationLayoutDirection Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationMenu Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationPresentationOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationPrint Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationPrintReply Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationRegisterEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSApplicationRegisterEventArgs.RegisterServicesMenu event.
NSApplicationReopen Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationSelection Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationTerminateReply Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSApplicationTermination Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSArrayController Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSATSTypesetter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBackgroundStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSBezierPathElement Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBitmapFormat Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBitmapImageFileType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBitmapImageRep Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBorderType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBox Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBoxType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBrowser Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSBrowserColumnResizingType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSBrowserDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSButton Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSButtonType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCachedImageRep Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCellAttribute Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCellHit Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSCellStateValue Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCellType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCIImageRep Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSClipView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCoderEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSCoderEventArgs.DecodedRestorableState and MonoMac.AppKit.NSCoderEventArgs.WillEncodeRestorableState events.
NSCollectionView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCollectionViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCollectionViewDropOperation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCollectionViewItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSColor Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSColorList Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSColorPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSColorPanelMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSColorPicker Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSColorSpace Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSComboBox Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSComboBoxDataSource Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSComposite Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSControl Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSController Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSControlSize Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSControlText Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSControlTextCompletion Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSControlTextError Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSControlTextErrorEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSControlTextErrorEventArgs.DidFailToValidatePartialString and MonoMac.AppKit.NSControlTextErrorEventArgs.DidFailToValidatePartialString events.
NSControlTextFilter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSControlTint Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSCursor Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSDataEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSDataEventArgs.RegisteredForRemoteNotifications event.
NSDatePicker Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerCellDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerElementFlags Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDatePickerValidatorEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSDatePickerValidatorEventArgs.ValidateProposedDateValue and MonoMac.AppKit.NSDatePickerValidatorEventArgs.ValidateProposedDateValue events.
NSDictionaryEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSDictionaryEventArgs.ReceivedRemoteNotification event.
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NSDocument Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSDraggingEnumerator Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSDraggingInfo Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDraggingItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDraggingItemEnumerationOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSDraggingSession Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSDragOperation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDrawer Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDrawerDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSDrawerState Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEdgeInsets Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEPSImageRep Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSErrorEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSErrorEventArgs.FailedToRegisterForRemoteNotifications event.
NSEvent Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEventGestureAxis Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEventMask Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEventModifierMask Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEventMouseSubtype Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSEventPhase Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSEventSwipeTrackingOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSEventType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSFileTypeForHFSTypeCode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSFocusRingType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSFont Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSFontDescriptor Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSFontPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSForm Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSGradient Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSGradientDrawingOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSGradientType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSGraphics Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSGraphicsContext Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSHelpManager Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImage Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageAlignment Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageCacheMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageFrameStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageInterpolation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageLoadEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSImageLoadEventArgs.DidLoadRepresentationHeader and MonoMac.AppKit.NSImageLoadEventArgs.WillLoadRepresentation events.
NSImageLoadRepresentationEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSImageLoadRepresentationEventArgs.DidLoadRepresentation event.
NSImageLoadStatus Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImagePartialEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSImagePartialEventArgs.DidLoadPartOfRepresentation event.
NSImageRect Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageRep Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageRepLoadStatus Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageScale Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageScaling Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSImageView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSKey Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutAttribute Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutConstraint Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutConstraintOrientation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutFormatOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutManager Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutManagerDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutPriority Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSLayoutRelation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSLevelIndicatorStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSLineJoinStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSLineSweepDirection Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSMatrix Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSMatrixMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSMenu Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSMenuItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSNib Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSOpenGLContextParameter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLGlobalOption Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLPixelBuffer Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLPixelFormat Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLPixelFormatAttribute Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLProfile Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenGLView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSaveCompare Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSaveExpandingEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSOpenSaveExpandingEventArgs.WillExpand event.
NSOpenSaveFilename Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSaveFilenameConfirmation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSaveFilenameEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSOpenSaveFilenameEventArgs.DirectoryDidChange event.
NSOpenSavePanelDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSavePanelUrl Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOpenSavePanelUrlEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSOpenSavePanelUrlEventArgs.DidChangeToDirectory event.
NSOpenSavePanelValidate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOutlineView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOutlineViewDataSource Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSOutlineViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPanelButtonType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSParagraphStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboard Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardItemDataProvider Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardReading Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardReadingOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardWriting Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPasteboardWritingOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathCellDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathCellDisplayPanelEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSPathCellDisplayPanelEventArgs.WillDisplayOpenPanel event.
NSPathCellMenuEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSPathCellMenuEventArgs.WillPopupMenu event.
NSPathComponentCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathControl Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathControlDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPathStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPointingDeviceMask Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPointingDeviceType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopover Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopoverAppearance Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopoverBehavior Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopoverDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopUpArrowPosition Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopUpButton Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPopUpButtonCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPredicateEditor Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPredicateEditorRowTemplate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrinter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrinterTableStatus Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintInfo Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintingOrientation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintingPageOrder Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintingPaginationMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintOperation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintPanelAccessorizing Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSPrintPanelOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSProgressIndicator Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSProgressIndicatorStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSProgressIndicatorThickness Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRectEdge Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRemoteNotificationType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRemoteOpenPanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRemoteSavePanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRequestUserAttentionType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSResponder Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRuleEditor Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRuleEditorDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSRuleEditorNumberOfChildren Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRuleEditorRowType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRulerEditorChildCriterion Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSRulerEditorPredicateParts Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRulerMarker Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRulerOrientation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRulerView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRunningApplication Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSRunResponse Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSaveOperationType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSavePanel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSavePanelComplete Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScreen Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollArrowPosition Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollElasticity Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScroller Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollerArrow Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollerKnobStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollerPart Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollerStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSScrollViewFindBarPosition Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSearchField Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSearchFieldCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSecureTextField Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSecureTextFieldCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSegmentedCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSegmentedControl Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSegmentStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSegmentSwitchTracking Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSelectionAffinity Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSelectionDirection Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSelectionGranularity Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSShadow Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingContentScope Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingService Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceDidFailToShareItemsEventArgs Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceItemsEventArgs Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceName Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServicePicker Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServicePickerDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServicePickerDelegateForSharingService Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServicePickerDidChooseSharingServiceEventArgs Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServicePickerSharingServicesForItems Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceSourceFrameOnScreenForShareItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceSourceWindowForShareItems Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSharingServiceTransitionImageForShareItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSlider Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSliderCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSliderType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSound Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSoundDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSoundFinishedEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSSoundFinishedEventArgs.DidFinishPlaying event.
NSSpeechBoundary Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSpeechRecognizer Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSpeechRecognizerDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSpeechSynthesizer Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSpellChecker Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSplitView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSplitViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSplitViewDividerStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSStatusBar StatusBar item on the Mac. Instantiate by calling NSStatusBar.SystemStatusBar.CreateStatusItem.
NSStatusItem Individual items on an NSStatusBar.
NSStepper Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSurfaceOrder Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSSystemDefinedEvents Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableCellView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableColumn Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableColumnResizing Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableHeaderCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableHeaderView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableReorder Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableRowView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewAnimation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewCellEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewCellEventArgs.WillDisplayCell event.
NSTableViewCellGetter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewColumnAutoresizingStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewColumnPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewColumnRowPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewColumnRowString Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewColumnWidth Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewDataSource Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewDraggingDestinationFeedbackStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewDropOperation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewEventString Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewGridStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewIndexFilter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewRowEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewRowEventArgs.DidAddRowView and MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewRowEventArgs.DidRemoveRowView events.
NSTableViewRowGetter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewRowHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewRowHeight Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewRowPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewRowSizeStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewSearchString Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewSelectionHighlightStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewSource Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTableViewTableEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewTableEventArgs.DidClickTableColumn, MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewTableEventArgs.DidDragTableColumn and MonoMac.AppKit.NSTableViewTableEventArgs.MouseDown events.
NSTableViewViewGetter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTabState Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTabView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTabViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTabViewItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTabViewItemEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTabViewItemEventArgs.DidSelect and MonoMac.AppKit.NSTabViewItemEventArgs.WillSelect events.
NSTabViewPredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextAlignment Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextFieldBezelStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextFieldCell Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextFieldDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextFinderAction Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextInputContext Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextMovement Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextStorageDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextStorageEditedFlags Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextTableBlock Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextTableLayoutAlgorithm Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSTextView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewCellPasteboard Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewCellPosition Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewChangeText Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewClickedEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTextViewClickedEventArgs.CellClicked event.
NSTextViewCompletion Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewDoubleClickEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTextViewDoubleClickEventArgs.CellDoubleClicked event.
NSTextViewDraggedCellEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSTextViewDraggedCellEventArgs.DraggedCell event.
NSTextViewEventMenu Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewGetUndoManager Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewLink Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewOnTextCheck Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewSelectionChange Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewSelectionShouldChange Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewSelectionWillChange Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewSelectorCommand Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewSpellingQuery Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewTextChecked Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewTooltip Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTextViewTypeAttribute Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTickMarkPosition Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTiffCompression Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSToolbarIdentifiers Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSToolbarItem Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
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NSToolbarWillInsert Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTouch Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTouchPhase Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTrackingArea Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTrackingAreaOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTreeController Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTreeNode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTypesetter Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTypesetterBehavior Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSTypesetterControlCharacterAction Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSUnderlinePattern Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSUsableScrollerParts Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSUserInterfaceLayoutDirection Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSView Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSViewAnimation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSViewController Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSViewLayerContentsPlacement Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSViewLayerContentsRedrawPolicy Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSViewResizingMask Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindingRule Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindow Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowAnimationBehavior Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowApplicationPresentationOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowBackingLocation Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowButton Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowClient Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowCoderEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSWindowCoderEventArgs.DidDecodeRestorableState and MonoMac.AppKit.NSWindowCoderEventArgs.WillEncodeRestorableState events.
NSWindowCollectionBehavior Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowCompletionHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowController Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowDelegate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowDepth Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowDocumentDrag Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowDurationEventArgs Provides data for the MonoMac.AppKit.NSWindowDurationEventArgs.StartCustomAnimationToEnterFullScreen and MonoMac.AppKit.NSWindowDurationEventArgs.StartCustomAnimationToExitFullScreen events.
NSWindowFrame Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowFramePredicate Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowLevel Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowMenu Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowNumberListOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowOrderingMode Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowResize Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowRestoration Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowSharingType Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowSheetRect Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowSize Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowSizeSize Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowStyle Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowUndoManager Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWindowWindows Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWorkspace Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWorkspaceIconCreationOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWorkspaceLaunchOptions Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
NSWorkspaceUrlHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered.
OpenDocumentCompletionHandler Documentation for this section has not yet been entered. | 2019-04-25T20:45:05Z | http://docs.go-mono.com/monodoc.ashx?link=N%3AMonoMac.AppKit |
Get the most from Google search console!
Over time I have seen so many people not using Google Webmaster tools. There are several reasons bloggers and website owners do not use the Google Search Console. The most common reason for not using this tool is due to not knowing what it is, or how it works. I strongly feel that there isn’t enough information on Webmaster tools. After reading this post you will have a full understanding of what Webmaster Tools are, as well as how to use them efficiently.
Before you can set up Google Webmaster you will need to have a Google account. A Gmail account or Google Plus account will be ok.
Once you have your Google account you will need to visit the Google Webmaster site.
Next click sign in on the upper right hand corner of the screen. This will bring you to the dashboard.
If you haven’t used Google search console before this screen should be blank.
Now we will need to add a property (Website). Click the red button that says Add Property.
Here you will enter the full URL address of your website including the http://. Be sure to use www. if you have it set as your prefix.
After you have added a property you will need to verify ownership. The easiest way is to use domain name provider. Select use domain name provider. Find your Registrar/domain provider (not to be confused with hosting). Each provider has a different way of verifying so you will need to follow the onscreen prompts. GoDaddy uses a 3 step verification process.
You have successfully set up a Google Webmaster Tools account. You should see a new Dashboard now.
This is the main screen you will see after you get sign in.
The first thing you will notice is the header New and Important. Here you will see various messages relating to your website. The First message is how to improve the search presence of your site. We will get to this in a minute.
Under the message panel you will see the current status of your website. The sections are Crawl Stats, Search Analytics, and Sitemaps.
This is your quick view to see important information about your site.
Let’s get in the next topic.
This screen will display all of your html and schema markup. It will also show you any errors you may have in the mark up.
Structured data can be anything from the author of a post to a recipe ingredient or product.
The best way to provide data to Google Search about events, products, or opportunities on your website is using rich cards. Rich card data can be displayed to users in a variety of formats on different devices, and can help drive traffic to your website.
If you have a food blog or a reviews blog you should definitely get rich cards in Google.
You can use the Structured Data Testing tool to check your markup and schema as well.
Once you have your rich cards set up you will be able to see how many you have.
You will also be able to see how many have errors, any that are enhanceable, as well as, any fully enhanced.
This is a very handle tool that comes with the Google webmaster tools.
With this tool you can add your markup simply by highlighting them. Things such as events, authors, dates, reviews, etc.
You will first highlight one page. Then Google will select similar pages to highlight. Once you have highlighted all the markup Google will be able to understand your pages more, and help set up your Rich Cards and Structured Data.
In this section you will see any duplicate, missing, or problematic title tags or meta descriptions.
These issues won’t prevent your site from appearing in Google search results, but paying attention to them can provide Google with more information and even help drive traffic to your site.
For example, title and meta description text can appear in search results, and useful, descriptive text is more likely to be clicked on by users.
If you have blog post with multiple pages, you may see duplicate titles and descriptions. This will not hurt you.
Here you can analyze your performance on Google Search.
Filter and compare your results to better understand your user’s search patterns.
This is a great resource to see who is linking to you.
It shows you who links the most to you, which pages are linked the most, as well as the anchor text of the links.
This option will show you all pages linked internally in your site. This means from one page to another.
Most common internal links are menu items and inline linking.
You can filter for a single page by clicking on it, or by using the find bar at the top.
Internal links is a great feature to see if you have a good flow of links from page to page.
You do NOT want to see anything here.
This is where Google will display any actions they have take against your site.
Manual actions can be caused by spam linking (Internal and external).
There are two types of actions displayed here Site wide matches and Partial matches.
The Site-wide matches section lists actions that affect an entire site.
The Partial matches section lists actions that affect individual URLs or sections of a site. It’s not uncommon for individual pages on a popular site to have manual actions, particularly if that site is a platform for other users or businesses to create and share content. If the issues appear to be isolated, only individual pages, sections, or incoming links will be affected, not the entire site.
Each section will include reasons for the action and the parts of the site affected by the action.
Most users will not need this feature, however, if you are targeting an audience from a country different than your own this is a great feature.
To target other countries you will need the hreflang tag.
This will also only work if your site is capable of translating language.
Another great feature in the search console is the mobile usability.
This section will give you errors on the mobile version of your site.
Mobile usability is important for several reasons.
Google is now ranking sites with a mobile friendly website first.
Clicking on the advanced tab will show you a list of pages blocked by robots (noindex tag), as well as pages that have been removed.
Select any host in the table to see a list of blocked resources from that host, with a count of pages on your site affected by each blocked resource.
Visit any page in the table hosting a blocked resource for instructions on how to unblock that resource, or else follow the instructions below under How to unblock your resources.
Here you can temporarily remove URLs that you own from search results.
To hide a URL from search click the temporary hide button. Insert the URL to be hidden.
Another important feature to be used is the remove from cache only. You will want to use this anytime you change the content of your page. Normally it will take 2 to 3 days after fetching with Google for the change to take affect in search. Using this feature will speed that time up.
To properly use the delete from cache feature, you will want to delete the cache on your site, then delete the cache through Google and lastly fetch your site as Google.
You will find any connectivity issue that Googlebot had when viewing your site here.
DNS tab shows any instances when Googlebot couldn’t communicate with the DNS server.
Server connectivity shows any instances when Googlebot’s request timed out or the site is blocking Google.
Robot.txt fetch shows any instances when the crawl was postponed because robots.txt was inaccessible.
In this section you will see any 404 and 410 errors as well as 505 server errors.
404’s will not harm your rankings any, however, a lot of 404’s will have a poor user experience.
I recommend getting the Yoast Premium plugin for automatic redirection of URL changes.
The crawl stats shows your Googlebots activity in the last 90 days.
The screen is split into 3 sections.
Out of all three of these reports the most important one is the later.
Your average time downloading a page should be under 2000 milliseconds. If it isn’t you need to speed up your site load time. We offer page speed optimizations services to help with this.
This is where the magic happens. Anytime you edit a post, meta tags, or anything else on your site you should be using this feature.
When you fetch as Google, you force Google to crawl your site as it is currently.
After Google crawls your site you can choose to have it indexed.
The fetch tool also works great after you publish a new post.
There are 2 ways to index using Google fetch, Fetch just this page, or fetch page and linked URL’s.
If you only changed one page then only fetch that page as there are limits on how many you can do each month.
This is the place to test any robots.txt codes as well as check to see what pages are blocked from Google.
Sitemaps are like a road map for your website.
A sitemap shows how all of your pages are linked together, and allows search engines to better understand the flow of your site.
The sitemap dashboard shows how many URL’s and images have been submitted as well as how many have been indexed.
This section will show you any malware or other security issues Google has found in your site.
Not all malware will show here.
If you are seeing malware while navigating to your site it’s likely that your site is referencing code or content from another domain that has malware.
Structured Data Testing Tool: Use the Structured Data Testing Tool to check that Google can correctly parse your structured data markup and display it in search results.
Structured Data Markup Helper: Not sure how to start with adding structured data markup to your HTML? Try this point-and-click tool.
Email Markup Tester: Validate the structured data contents of an HTML email using Email Markup Tester.
Google My Business: Make sure your business looks great on Google Search, Maps and Google+ for free.
Google Merchant Center: The place to upload your product data to Google and make it available to Google Product Search and other Google services.
PageSpeed Insights: Use PageSpeed Insights to find out how to make your web pages fast on all devices.
Custom Search: Harness the power of Google to create a customized search experience for your own website.
Google Domains: Find a domain name and build a website with Google Domains.
Webmaster Academy: Learn to create a great website with valuable content and have it findable in Google Search.
← How to block spam traffic in Google analytics.
This is fantastic info! I’ve never really heard of this until you mentioned it! Learn something new everyday! | 2019-04-20T22:25:43Z | http://buildthebestblog.com/how-to-use-google-webmaster-tools/ |
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Part 1 of 4 of the series What is His Son's Name?
The precious names given to the Lord Jesus in God’s word express His person, purposes, power and pre-eminence. Names are little more than a means of identification in contemporary usage. Not so concerning Him whose name manifests His character. We can say of Him, ‘as his name is, so is he’, cf. 1 Sam. 25. 25. It is my object to draw out the hearts of the Lord’s people to Christ by attempting to unfold some titles and names of our blessed Lord and to show their spiritual significance.
It is my heart’s desire and sincere hope that they may be of service by way of incentive to the readers to search the Scriptures for themselves, that they may see divine beauty, accuracy and precision in the wondrous way in which God has been pleased to unveil to us the Person of His beloved Son. He is the One whom God delights to honour. To the natural mind there may seem no difference between phrases as ‘Jesus Christ’ and ‘Christ Jesus’. A little patient study of the passages where they occur, and of the writer who used them, will suffice to show that the Spirit intends us to believe and understand a different revelation of His Son in the use of each.
There are no redundancies in the Scriptures of truth. When God gives a name or title to His Son it is that we may know Him in the special character in which the title is used to reveal Him. It is, by those who regard the jot and tittle of God’s word, that the Bible is seen in its minutest details to be inspired by God.
Of all the glorious names given to God’s only Son, the best loved by believers of every race and age is the human name of the Saviour - Jesus. This is the translation of the Hebrew word Jahoshua meaning ‘the salvation of Jah.’ Mary had no choice in that name, it was given by the angel Gabriel, as he had received it in the presence of God and announced to Mary herself, before His birth, Luke 1. 31. Gabriel also made known to Joseph that the child to be born of Mary was the Son of God, Emmanuel, Matt. 1. 23, and that he should call His name Jesus, for He would save His people from their sins, Matt. 1. 21. The verb ‘to save’ used here is related to the name Joshua. The first occurrence of this in Exodus 14. 30, embraces all that the word was later to mean in the Scriptures. ‘Thus the Lord saved Israel that day’. Dr. W. Smith has observed, ‘this testifies to that great truth, that the first occurrence of any major word in the Scripture is the acorn out of which all that pertains to it was ultimately to grow’.
Tracing the origin of the name Jesus is interesting. In His day it was common among Jews. It is the Greek rendering of the Hebrew Joshua. The Son of Nun was first named Hoshea, or Oshea, meaning ‘salvation,’ but Moses renamed him Jahoshua, Num. 13. 16, meaning ‘Jah is salvation’. Moses ascribed any salvation gained by Joshua to Jehovah. No doubt the deep significance of this name was fulfilled in Jesus, the Saviour from sins.
Jesus is the name of His humiliation. When it stands alone it brings Him before our hearts, who, though He was God, stooped to become man to carry out the will of God in the stupendous work of redemption. He who is the Son of God became man (yet never ceased to be what He eternally was), that He might become the Saviour of men. Jesus is the One who, though rich, became poor, who humbled Himself, appearing among men as man; who trod this earth in complete subjection to the will of His Father as a man. The record of His pathway from Bethlehem to Golgotha is the blessed subject of the gospels. So, in their record the name Jesus appears more than five hundred times. The examples of this use of His human name are linked with His birth, baptism, temptation, teachings, miracles, betrayal, shame, death and burial. The association of the name Jesus marks the place He took as a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, in total submission to God. Jesus is the usual name given to Him in the gospels, whereas in the Acts and the epistles it occurs alone only twenty-nine times. In these writings special testimony is ascribed to Him as the rejected and crucified One, whom God has raised from the dead and has highly exalted. Thus we read, ‘this Jesus hath God raised up’; ‘God hath made that same Jesus, both Lord and Christ’; ‘We see Jesus . . . crowned with glory and honour’. Much has been written to extol that name. The message of the grace and glory of His name has been declared throughout the world. In life and death that precious name is the object of trust and hope to every humble believer.
The chief of sinners we.
As ‘Jesus’ is the personal name of the Lord, so ‘Christ’ is His official title. It is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew ‘Messiah’ or ‘anointed’. ‘Christ’ therefore expresses the source of His relationship to man as by God’s appointment. He was anointed by God.
In the second Psalm we read, ‘the kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord (Jehovah), and against his anointed’.
The prayer of the infant church shows how they understood the Psalm. ‘For of a truth, in this city against thy holy Servant Jesus, whom thou didst anoint, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, were gathered together’, Acts 4. 27, RV. As the name of Jesus declares to us the Lord as the man of sorrows the humbled One, so the title Christ tells of His acceptance by God. When it occurs in the gospels with the article (‘the Christ’) it is as the official designation of the One offered to Israel.
The Lord was anointed by God to be Christ, but only anointed eyes could recognize Him. When He asked the disciples, ‘whom do men say that the son of Man is?’ they said, 'Some say John the Baptist; some, Elijah; and others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets’. Yet when He asked, ‘but whom say ye that I am?’ Peter answered, ‘thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God’, Matt. 16. 13-16, R.V. Peter’s eyes were anointed, Rev. 3.18, and he recognized in the Son of Man none other than the Christ, the Son of the living God. To the world He was ‘Jesus of Nazareth’ but to the few to whom the Father had revealed Him He was ‘the Christ’, the anointed of Jehovah. ‘Then charged he his disciples that they should tell no man that he was the Christ’, Matt. 16. 20.
According to the words of the Lord to Moses, the Lord would raise up a prophet to Israel from among the brethren, like unto Moses. The answer of John to the question, ‘Art thou that prophet?’ was a negative reply, John 1. 21. Later, we read of the confession of the great multitude of men who had witnessed the miracle of the feeding of the 5000. ‘This is of a truth that prophet that should come into the world’, John 6. 14. A further indication of Christ as the prophet was given by Peter at the healing of the lame man at the Gate Beautiful, Acts 3. 22-26. The only instance of a prophet being anointed, that I am aware of, occurs in 1 Kings 19. 16, ‘Elisha the son of Shaphat, of Abel-Meholah shalt thou anoint to be a prophet in thy room’.
Israel’s High Priest was anointed with oil by order of God, ‘and Moses poured of the anointing oil upon Aaron’s head’, Lev. 8. 12. He could only enter the holiest of all once a year, and not without blood, Lev. 16. 1-6. ‘But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come . . . by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption’, Heb. 9. 11-12.
As the High Priest appeared in the presence chamber of Jehovah, the Holy of Holies, so we have such an High Priest, the Great One, who sat down on the right hand of the throne of the majesty in the heavens, Heb. 8. 1. And as the High Priest bore the names of the tribes of Israel on his breast, so Christ our High Priest now bears us nearer than Aaron could, in the very presence of God, Heb. 7. 25. The saints, therefore, are spoken of as being blessed with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ, Eph. 1. 3, raised up with Him and made to sit with Him in the heavenlies, Eph. 2. 4-6.
As King, Christ is the Lord’s anointed. And so, while kings of the earth and rulers take counsel against the anointed, God says ‘Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion’.
Christ was offered to Israel as their King. As Son of Abraham, He was heir to the land, Gal. 3. 6; Gen. 12. 7, and as Son of David, heir to the throne, 2 Sam. 7. 12-17; Matt. 1. 1.
When Pilate presented Christ, he said, ‘Behold your King!’ But the answer was, ‘Away with him, away with him, crucify him.’ Pilate said to them, ‘Shall I crucify your King?’ The chief priests answered, ‘We have no king but Caesar’, John 19. 12-15. The rightful King was rejected, but we see Him within the holiest of all, the anointed of God.
Therefore we should carefully consider that, while as Jesus He is Saviour, and thus near to man, as Christ He is the anointed of God, and thus specially near to Him. He was God’s prophet on earth, God’s priest in heaven and will be God’s King at His return. What grace that we, being in Christ, are accepted in all the dignity and excellency of His blessed person, and His glorious eternally abiding work, according to the estimate of Jehovah Himself. ‘For God hath made that same Jesus both Lord and Christ’, Acts 2. 36.
It is always a joy to speak of the blessed Lord. He is fairer than the children of men; His glories are more than the colours on the coat of Joseph. The many precious names given to the Lord Jesus in the word of God express the incomparable beauties, moral perfections and eternal dignity ever resident in His glorious Person. Already I have attempted to present His name of humiliation ‘Jesus,’ and His title ‘Christ’ which tells of His anointing by, and acceptance with, God. We should now consider Him further as Christ Jesus and Jesus Christ.
To many there may seem no difference in the titles ‘Christ Jesus’ and ‘Jesus Christ.’ A little searching of the passages where they occur, and of the writer who used them by the divine Spirit, will suffice to show that the intention of the Holy Spirit was to testify of Him and to present a different revelation of God’s beloved Son. The ultimate purpose is that our hearts may be drawn to the altogether lovely One, whose name is Wonderful. As the jot and tittle of the language of the word is considered, one discovers that every whit of it utters His glory and in its minutest detail is inspired by God.
In the joining of His names in Christ Jesus, the emphasis is on Christ. It speaks to every exercised heart of the Anointed One who humbled Himself. It tells of the Anointed of God coming to this world to be the Saviour. Therefore, when we read of His advent, it is not ‘Jesus Christ came’, but ‘Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners’, 1 Tim. 1. 15. It was on account of sinners that He became Jesus the Saviour, but He was always Christ, the Anointed One of God. Consequently, we observe the distinction that ‘Christ‘ stands nearest to God, while ‘Jesus’ is nearest to man.
Christ Jesus contains the idea of ‘from God to man,’ while Jesus Christ suggests man being brought to God by Him. So we read the grand truth, ‘there is one God, one mediator also between God and men, himself man, Christ Jesus,’ 1 Tim. 2. 5 R.V. Christ Jesus tells of the wondrous path from heaven to earth, while Jesus Christ reaches all the way upward from earth to heaven, 1 Pet. 3. 21-22. We commend to all who are interested in this meditation upon Him to compare the Scriptures where ‘Jesus Christ’ and ‘Christ Jesus’ occur and mark the instructive things that differ.
It is a joy to the heart to consider the name of Jesus. That precious name bespeaks His true and sinless humanity. The Messiah title Christ declares His absolute deity. He is the Son of God Most High, His only begotten, and the Son of His Love. It has been said that the name Christ is associated with the entire content of His claims. It is the divine counterpart of ‘Jesus.’ His human name assures us that God is our Saviour, so His divine name declares our Saviour as God.
As we meditate upon Jesus Christ, sweetness should fill our redeemed spirits and praise our lips. The emphasis here is on Jesus as the One who stooped in grace and was obedient even to the death of the cross, but is now made higher than the heavens in glory at God’s right hand. One would also appreciate the chief thought that He is the One who brings us nigh to God, ‘who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ’, 2 Cor. 5. 18. We also have an Advocate with the Father who is Jesus Christ the Righteous, 1 John 2. 2. In resurrection Jesus Christ has gone into heaven, 1 Pet. 3. 21, 22. Christ Jesus came from and for God to men: Jesus Christ has gone from and for men to God. | 2019-04-19T06:55:59Z | https://www.preciousseed.org/article_detail.cfm?articleID=326 |
THE PROMISED LAND The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. By Nicholas Lemann. 416 pp. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. $24.95.
The century and a half that shaped the South's distinctive identity was started by one machine and ended by another. The first machine was the cotton gin, patented by a Connecticut Yankee in 1794, the second the mechanical cotton picker, developed by a Northern corporation in 1944.
The machine that ended the long Southern era (but not all its effects) began a national experience still unfolding that is the subject of Nicholas Lemann's richly informative book, "The Promised Land" -- namely, the enormous migration of black people from the rural South to the metropolitan North, their entrapment in its ghettos and the revolutions in agriculture, urban geography, race relations and national politics that followed.
This is not to say that the machine did it all. There were pulls as well as pushes -- job opportunities and better pay for cheap labor in the North in wartime, for example. Those pulls accounted for most of the million and a half black migrants to the North between the First World War and the Great Depression. They played a part during the 1940's as well, but after that the mighty push of the machine in the cotton industry was the main thing. One machine did the work of 50 people. It could pick a thousand pounds an hour while a man picked 20 -- resulting, by one planter's reckoning, in a cost of $5.26 a bale for picking cotton by machine as against $39.14 by hand.
The new machine made the sharecropper system that had replaced slavery obsolete, and the maintenance of segregation and terror unnecessary. Together, push and pull accounted for the migration of six and a half million black people from South to North between 1910 and 1970. Five million of them migrated after the mechanization of cotton production. That was more than 10 times the number caught up in the forced migration from Africa to this country during the two and a half centuries of slavery. As an internal migration it deserves attention suggesting that given the westward movement.
Nicholas Lemann, born and bred in New Orleans and now a contributing editor to The Atlantic, uses an original and ingenious structure for his very engaging narrative. It takes the shape of a triangle connecting three points: Clarksdale, a market town in the Mississippi Delta, genesis of the exodus; Chicago, the ill-starred promised land, its destination; and Washington, the seat of power from which politicians manipulated and mismanaged the resulting crises. We are taken from one of these points to the next and back again, not by abstractions and statistics and "forces," but hand-in-hand with individuals, clearly identified and appallingly human, in all three settings -- cropper shack, slum tenement and White House.
First the Delta, richest cotton land in the world, especially Clarksdale, surrounded by great plantations. On one of them the mechanical cotton picker was field-tested for years until perfected and demonstrated to thousands in 1944. The black sharecropper society it eventually displaced was in many ways the prototype of big-city ghetto society today: the greatest illiteracy, the worst public schools, extremely high rates of crime and homicide (black against black), national center of illegitimate childbearing, female-headed families, marriages casually (or never) entered and casually left.
Here we first meet Ruby Lee Daniels, a young woman then in the first of her numerous marriages or cohabitations, whose life and children, some of her come-and-go mates and many of her Delta relatives we follow from 1941 to the present. Mrs. Daniels's grandfather had taught her "to feel equal to other people -- the big shot people," and she "never felt lower than other people." Yet "hoodoo" hexing lurked in her background, cocaine had appeared and home-brewed liquor was physically more perilous than drugs today.
Back then more black people lived in her Mississippi county than in eight of the Western states put together. The most famous son of the Delta was known as Muddy Waters, whose blues may be remembered as the region's contribution to American culture now that the writing of William Alexander Percy, a white Delta poet, is near forgotten. In 1946 Mrs. Daniels, after making one of her infants a "gift child" to a friend and taking along another, moved to Chicago, the promised land of milk and honey, and settled into a "kitchenette apartment" in one of the city's rickety tenements. At least there were jobs and money and excitement. And it seemed at times that the whole Delta had moved to the South Side. The black population of the city increased by 77 percent in the 1940's and another 65 percent in the 50's. At one point 2,200 people were pouring in every week. Richard Wright, the author and himself a Delta immigrant, thought that "never in history has a more utterly unprepared folk wanted to go to the city." David Cohn, a conservative white son of the Delta who stayed at home, saw "an enormous tragedy in the making," and speculated in 1947 that race relations would become not merely an issue but the issue in the North.
Yet on they came by the thousands to make the South Side the capital of black America, "the largest contiguous settlement of African-Americans" in the country -- which it still is. As Mr. Lemann shows, black people were gouged for higher rent and paid lower wages than whites. Barred from good jobs and excluded from unions, they were thoroughly segregated in housing. Black-against-black violence increased, street gangs took over and ugly racial violence broke out. For several nights in 1951, a white mob of thousands in a Chicago suburb besieged a building into which a black family had moved. The National Guard had to be called out. After that Chicago used most of its Federal funding to build all-black projects inside neighborhoods already black. Mayor Richard Daley made the black wards the core of his support in the 1950's.
At the outset of the 60's Washington, together with the nation as a whole, was, in Mr. Lemann's view, "still in a kind of moral slumber" about racial issues. The black exodus went virtually unnoticed. President John F. Kennedy had carried the old Confederacy, and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. thought he lacked "emotional commitment" and "moral passion" on civil rights. Robert Kennedy started a "juvenile delinquency" program for the black ghettos, but after his brother was killed, he had Lyndon Johnson to cope with, and the relation between the two could be called enmity, if not hatred or contempt. Johnson, with all his insecurity and his bitter resentment of the scorn he received from arrogant Easterners, set out to overcome the burden of his Southern heritage.
In the Senate Johnson had pushed through the Civil Rights Act of 1957. As President he spent his mandate recklessly. He declared "unconditional war on poverty," firmly demanded and secured of Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and became the only President in this century "to put the American dilemma firmly at the center of his domestic agenda." His rewards, as Mr. Lemann indicates, were ironic to say the least. Most immediately came four summers of burning cities and more than 150 major riots in the slums. More important, in Mr. Lemann's view, came the enduring misapprehension that anything the Federal Government might do for the black poor is doomed to failure. The "benign neglect" pursued by later administrations was more neglectful than benign.
In Chicago in 1962 Mrs. Daniels, now Ruby Haynes, had moved with a new husband, Luther Haynes, into an apartment in one of the new housing projects, hoping for a better life. But changes seemed for the worse. Jobs for the unskilled dried up. Her teen-age son Kermit became leader of a murderous black gang perpetually at war with another gang that joined in terrorizing streets and neighborhoods. In and out of jail and the hospital, Kermit was once found by his mother beaten nearly to death. He fought regularly with Mr. Haynes, who regularly fought with Mrs. Haynes. His life threatened, Mr. Haynes cleared out with another woman. Ruby Haynes wondered where to turn next. The police didn't protect; schools didn't teach; babies came out of wedlock and fathers did not stick around. Gangs shot out lights in stairwells and hallways, elevators broke down and reeked of urine. Murders were frequent. Mr. Lemann calls such ghettos "among the worst places to live in the world" and "a fate that no American should have to suffer."In 1979 Mrs. Haynes, then aged 62, seized an opportunity to move back to her old home in the Delta.
Cut to Clarksdale. Much had happened there since her personal exodus in 1946. The specter of the old order lingered in abandoned sharecropper cabins, open to the winds. Their former occupants had joined the exodus or moved to town. The old black commercial district was a ghostly casualty of integration. Thanks to millions in Federal funds, however, the lot of blacks had improved enough to inspire Sargent Shriver, the head of Johnson's antipoverty program, to write a White House memo in 1965 calling Clarksdale "an inspiration to all American communities."
To Mrs. Haynes it doesn't seem much that way. In the apartment next door to hers is a 15-year-old girl with two children. Mrs. Haynes's daughter Juanita, a cocaine addict with four children, moved in with her mother in 1988. Two years later her son Robert also returned from Chicago, a jobless alcoholic, father of three children by as many unwed mothers. Cocaine is available even in Clarksdale's junior high schools. Chicago black gangs have established branches and, after heavily armed visitations in their Cadillacs, leave casualties. Yet Mrs. Haynes has settled into old age with the sort of contentment bred of reunion with place and past, with church and faith, with kin and kind. As her fellow citizen William Faulkner said of their native state, "You don't love because: you love despite."
To some it seems there can be no solution to the ghetto. Yet Mr. Lemann does well to remind us of the millions of black people who have moved up to middle-class rank -- and out of the ghetto as quickly as possible (another cause of ghetto problems). He is also within his rights to remind us that once upon a time there seemed no solution to slavery, and later no alternative to sharecropping, and still later no possible way out of segregation.
Readers of "The Promised Land" will find little about some events of the period that were important in themselves as well as for the black migration. A huge white migration, for example, accompanied the black one, coming from the same region and for some of the same reasons -- all this while the drama of the civil rights movement was unfolding. I, for one, however, would defend the author's right to choose his own subject. When he reminds us that there has been only one nonfiction book entirely on the post-1940 black migration and we think of the continuing flood of books on the civil rights movement, our respect for his decision grows. He has fulfilled an important and neglected need. Furthermore, he has done this with skill and devotion, and his book deserves wide attention.
In tracing the lives of the people who populate his book, Nicholas Lemann traveled from North Philadelphia to Chicago to Canton and Clarksdale, Miss., searching for stories that would illustrate what he considers the seminal event in modern black history.
In the fall of 1980, Mr. Lemann was writing a series of articles for The Washington Post about a welfare mother in a North Philadelphia ghetto. "Her family's migration from Canton, Miss., meant a lot more to her in terms of shaping her life than welfare," he said. "Every time it came up, I would steer the conversation back to welfare, but I began feeling that maybe I was doing the wrong story."
In 1983, he moved to The Atlantic, in part because editors there agreed to allow him to pursue the story of the great black migration from South to North and its impact on the development of black ghettos in urban America.
Driving from the airport to his hotel on one of his first trips to Chicago, home of some of the nation's most crime-ridden black neighborhoods, Mr. Lemann heard an announcement for the 30-year reunion of a Canton high school class of 1955. "I thought, my God, they're having the reunion of a class from a Mississippi high school in Chicago," Mr. Lemann recalled. "It represented my whole thesis, and I almost crashed as I pulled over to the side of the road to jot down the phone number they gave."
Finding Ruby Lee Daniels Haynes was not quite so easy. Mr. Lemann had interviewed hundreds of possible subjects, many of whom are in the book, but by 1988 he still had not found one person whose life best demonstrated the causes and effects of the black migration. "I interviewed Mrs. Haynes and it didn't go all that well," he recalled. "It was fairly routine, and I was looking for something to leap out at me."
He called Mrs. Haynes back, however, to check a fact. "She told me, 'You didn't ask me the right questions. I've had a very interesting life and have lots of stories to tell,' " Mr. Lemann said.
C. Vann Woodward's most recent book is "The Future of the Past." | 2019-04-25T10:45:03Z | https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/24/books/one-more-river-to-cross.html |
Today I will be writing about 15 Financial stocks/ETF’s that I will be (for those I do not currently own) buying the stock on and immediately writing covered calls in the money. All of the strategies outlined in this article have been researched and set so they will give me at least 10% downside protection and return at least 3% by July expiration (excluding strategy #13, and assuming the option expires in the money). To learn more about opening, closing, and trading these strategies check out my E-Books.
The financials have demonstrated a tremendous upside move over the past 3 months (the least volatile of this list, the Financial Select Sector SPDR (XLF) is higher by 68.16% since March 12, 2009 - first Google chart). However as we can see from the second chart of the XLF below, it looks as if the financials have moved sideways in the past month (XLF higher by 15 cents or 1.22%).
I believe financials will continue to consolidate until fall of the year. Historically stocks do not have too much action during the summer months. I have outlined the buy/write strategies below (stocks ranked alphabetically by ticker, ETF’s ranked by volatility). All data as of market close June 11, 2009.
Option Strategy #1: Buy American Express (AXP) stock and sell the July 24 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.3%. If your position in American Express gets called out, this will return a total of 4% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #2: Buy Bank of America (BAC) stock and sell the July 12 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 11.8%. If your position in Bank of America gets called out, this will return a total of 4.3% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #3: Buy BB&T (BBT) stock and sell the July 21 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.6%. If your position in BB&T gets called out, this will return a total of 3.7% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #4: Buy Bank of NY Mellon (BK) stock and sell the July 27 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.5%. If your position in Bank of NY Mellon gets called out, this will return a total of 3.8% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #5: Buy Capital One (COF) stock and sell the July 24 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.4%. If your position in Capital One gets called out, this will return a total of 8% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #6: Buy Fifth Third (FITB) stock and sell the July 7 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 14.8%. If your position in Fifth Third gets called out, this will return a total of 4.9% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #7: Buy Goldman Sachs (GS) stock and sell the July 135 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10%. If your position in Goldman Sachs gets called out, this will return a total of 3% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #8: Buy HSBC (HBC) stock and sell the July 42 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10%. If your position in HSBC gets called out, this will return a total of 3.2% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #9: Buy JPM Morgan (JPM) stock and sell the July 33 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10%. If your position in JP Morgan gets called out, this will return a total of 4.4% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #10: Buy Morgan Stanley (MS) stock and sell the July 28 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.2%. If your position in Morgan Stanley gets called out, this will return a total of 5.1% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #11: Buy PNC Financial (PNC) stock and sell the July 41 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10%. If your position in PNC gets called out, this will return a total of 6.5% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #12: Buy Wells Fargo (WFC) stock and sell the July 23 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 12.2%. If your position in Wells Fargo gets called out, this will return a total of 4.1% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #13: Buy the Financial Select Sector SPDR (XLF) ETF and sell the September 12 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 10.5%. If your position in the XLF gets called out, this will return a total of 7.2% in 99 days (I don’t like writing options or holding positions in any volatile sector more than 50 days, so I’ll most likely write the XLF out for a strike above the current share price).
Option Strategy #14: Buy the Proshares Ultra Financials (2X leveraged ETF) (UYG) ETF and sell the July 4 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 11.8%. If your position in the UYG gets called out, this will return a total of 6.6% in 36 days.
Option Strategy #15: Buy the Direxion Daily Financial Bull (3X leveraged ETF) (FAS) ETF and sell the July 10 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 15.4%. If your position in the FAS gets called out, this will return a total of 11.5% in 36 days.
These options expire on July 18, 2009 (excluding the XLF, that expires September 19, 2009) therefore the last trading day is Friday July 17, 2009. As you can see the less volatile the underlying stock the less the return % by expiration is. In the case the option expires out of the money (dead) I just write it out for a similar strike for the following month.
If you are more bullish/bearish you’ll want to adjust the strike price and expiration accordingly. If you’re more bearish write deeper in the money calls, you will not return as much if you get called out, but if you do, and the overall market is down you’ll most likely outperform the market.
Out of these 15 strategies, the strategy which appeals most to me is the FAS July 10. However I may decide to write some of my FAS out for the July 9 and July 11 as well. For other strategies like these subscribe to my blog.
I decided to post a quick update to my weekend posts about not getting the Palm Pre. I purchased one yesterday and I absolutely love it. The phone is very smooth (and I mean smooth) and I have no problem with the keyboard- in my opinion, it's way better than the on-screen keyboard on the HTC Touch Pro. Ss far so good, I have downloaded a few apps to try like Express Stocks and I like it a lot. I have not run into any battery problems yet, but I have only had the phone for about 24 hours. As of now I give my Palm Pre the stamp of approval!
I have had a lot of questions about how I get option probabilities, so I decided to create this post. There are several ways that option probability is calculated, and all yield different results. The probabilities I use in most of my blog posts and articles are from the Greek Delta value. Delta gives the amount the option price (premium) will change in value with each additional $1 move in the underlying stock, it also gives a value known as the risk neutral probability. Delta changes on a constant basis, as the input values change to calculate it (underlying stock price, days left until expiration, volatility, interest rate, etc...). Delta also varies among the different brokerages as they may use different input values to calculate it. The reason I use Delta (risk neutral probability) is because it is very easy to obtain (when I am giving 10 or more option ideas, it saves me a lot of time) and gives me a general idea of what the CURRENT options market is factoring in for that strike price. The Delta (risk neutral probability) will almost never be the same value two days in a row (I have never noticed it being the same in my experience with trading options). Too much emphasis should never be placed on option probability, as there are just too many variables that affect it on a day to day basis.
For a quick example check out the Delta value on an option that is very deep in the money and close to expiration, the delta should be very high (maximum 1). Let's say Delta is .97 for strike price X which means with each $1 change in the underlying stock the option price (premium) for strike X changes by $0.97 (97 cents), and the current options market is factoring in a 97% chance the stock closes at or above strike price X at expiration.
As stated before too much emphasis should never be placed on Delta (risk neutral probability), or any other variable for that matter.
Here is an updated list of 10 stocks I'll be looking to trade as of market open June 8, 2009. These are the current highest bull/bear rated stocks my screener has returned. Looks as if there’s no specific trend among these stocks this week; last week there was a trend among the commodities, especially mining and gold stocks, among the speculation of a U.S. credit downgrade. To get a detailed definition of the bull/bear components check my Bull/Bear Ratio Defined Blog post by clicking here.
These are the top stocks and have not received as bullish ratings in the past few weeks. I would use extreme caution if planning to purchase any of these stocks and would do some extensive research before I jumped in any of them. These will certainly be on my watch list the next few trading days. I'll wait for a 7-10% pull back to purchase any of them and set a tight stop loss if I happen to purchase any of them. If I purchase any of them, I will be selling into strength.
For those in the first list I will be looking to purchase call options on some of them (some do not have options).
The list below is ranked in order from the lowest IBD score to the highest IBD score which is indicated after the ticker symbol. All of these stocks are rated A+ and have a greater than 95 composite rating. I chose the highest possible option strike price with a greater than 40% chance (risk neutral probability) of expiring in the money for the July option expiration (all data as of pre-market June 8, 2009).
Option Idea #1: Buy Apple (AAPL) (rated 95) stock and sell the July 150 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 4%. If you get called away this will return a total of 7.7% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 42.8% probability Apple expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #2: Buy Visa (V) (rated 97) stock and sell the July 70 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 4.5%. If you get called away this will return a total of 5.5% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 49.3% probability Visa expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #3: Buy Google (GOOG) (rated 98) stock and sell the July 460 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 2.9%. If you get called away this will return a total of 6.5% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 42.8% probability Google expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #4: Buy Joy Global (JOYG) (rated 98) stock and sell the July 41 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 8.1%. If you get called away this will return a total of 9% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 52.2% probability Joy Global expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #5: Buy A-Power Energy Generation Systems (APWR) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 17.50 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 3.3%. If you get called away this will return a total of 35.9% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 43% probability A-Power expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #6: Buy Baidu (BIDU) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 320 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 5.1%. If you get called away this will return a total of 10.3% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 42.6% probability Baidu expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #7: Buy Longtop Financial Technologies (LFT) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 30 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 8.1%. If you get called away this will return a total of 9.8% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 51.7% probability Longtop expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #8: Buy Perfect World (PWRD) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 25 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 5%. If you get called away this will return a total of 12% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 40.2% probability Perfect World expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #9: Buy Research in Motion (RIMM) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 85 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 7%. If you get called away this will return a total of 9.8% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 49.1% probability Research in Motion expires above the indicated strike.
Option Idea #10: Buy STEC (STEC) (rated 99) stock and sell the July 20 Call option. This will give you downside protection of 5.9%. If you get called away this will return a total of 13.6% in less than 42 days. The current options market is factoring in 41.7% probability STEC expires above the indicated strike.
These options expire on July 18, 2009 therefore the last trading day is Friday July 17, 2009. As you can see the higher the probability of expiring above the indicated strike, the lower the premium (this should make sense). In the case the option expires out of the money (dead) I just write it out for a similar strike for the following month.
If you are more bullish/bearish you’ll want to adjust the strike price accordingly. If you’re more bearish write deeper in the money calls, you will not return as much if you get called out, but if you do, and the overall market is down you’ll most likely outperform the market.
From these 10 stocks the ones which appeal most to me are Longtop Financial, and A-Power. I already own A-Power and will not get out of my position until I become less bullish on oil. As for Longtop I am looking to get into the stock on a pull back and then wait for a pop to write it out. For more option strategies subscribe to my blog. | 2019-04-23T16:27:53Z | http://optionmaestro.blogspot.com/2009_06_07_archive.html |
Last weekend, we decided to take a quick trip to Palm Coast, Florida. On Saturday, we made all the reservations we needed and on Tuesday, we were in the air. Amazing what one can do with the internet these days.
I want to give a quick rundown and semi-review of what we experienced during this trip. Almost everything we encountered was service oriented, so I’m hopeful this write-up may help someone who is planning a similar trip.
We needed to get to the airport up here in Hartford. With any trip, the most difficult part is undoubtedly getting to and from. It’s a real pain. We live about 45 minutes away from Bradley and I wasn’t too fond of the idea of leaving my car parked in an area I wasn’t familiar with. I decided to use a car service. In order to find one, I checked the Limousine Service page on Bradley’s website. I browsed a few companies and found one that had very good rates. I called them and made a reservation for them to pick us up at the house and bring us to Bradley on Tuesday evening and then drive us from Bradley back to the house on Thursday evening.
The company we used is called “Hartford Livery & Limousine.” This is a start-up livery service and I must say that we received excellent service. If you are interested in a car service to and from Bradley International Airport in Hartford, CT, you can reach them at 203-645-4091. Great guys. On time and very professional. I’ll tell you one thing, you need to spend a bit more money for a ride to the airport, but you really do reduce the hassle of driving yourself.
We made reservations to fly to Orlando with jetBlue. The primary reason we chose this airline was price. I’m sure we could have flown into Jacksonville or Daytona, both of which are closer, for a bit more money, but for $100 each way per person, we chose Orlando.
jetBlue was fine. Since Bradley is a relatively small airport, we quickly made our way through security to the gate. Because we made reservations online, we were able to print our boarding passes a day early. This allowed us to bypass the (non-existent) line at jetBlue check-in. As usual, we were way too early and had to sit at the gate for about two hours.
The flight was like any other. Medium size plane with chips and a small bottle of water about half way through. I really have nothing exciting to tell you about jetBlue other than the politeness and professionalism of their staff. And, oh yeah, the price. Around $400 got us from Hartford to Orlando and then back to Hartford.
When we arrived in Orlando, we made our way downstairs to the car rental area. Now, let me tell you, if you’ve never been to the car rental area of this airport, you are in for a surprise. There were about 50 companies, all lined up. If we weren’t offered to make a reservation with Hertz during our online jetBlue reservation process, we would have been bewildered. Actually, we probably would’ve just chosen a company online, but still, there are way too many car rental companies to choose from in Orlando. It’s crazy.
We walked and walked and finally found the Hertz counter. There were no lines, so we were immediately invited to speak with a rep. The car rental cost about $39 per day. All said and done, I believe it was around $100. But there is a tricky part of renting a car.
As we were going through all the questions, the rep asked if we wanted to upgrade to a mid-sized convertible. Since it was about 60 degrees and cloudy, among other reasons, we declined. He mentioned that it was only $40 per day to upgrade. I gave a chuckle because the original rental was only around $40 per day.
After that, the rep asked if we wanted insurance for an additional $15 – $20 per day (I can’t remember the exact price). It would protect us for up to one million dollars if anything happened to the car. I mentioned to him that the cost of insuring the car was approximately 33% of the cost of rental. I would have to be a fool. That’s worse than cell phone equipment insurance.
After that, the rep asked if we wanted to pre-pay for fuel. He said that it’s cheap and convenient at only $3.09 per gallon. I thought that was good and I accepted. When he handed me the receipt to sign, I saw a total of around $147. I asked why he was charging $44 for the fuel. He said it was a full tank I was paying for. I asked if I would be reimbursed for unused fuel. He said no. Hmmm…interesting. I asked that he remove that charge. He did so and then advised me to be sure the car was full when I returned it because Hertz charges $9 per gallon to fill the car after return. Hmmm…interesting again. It’s funny how these companies make money on the extras.
So, the total bill was around $97 for a new Mazda 323. If I had purchased all the options, I would have paid around $234. More than twice the original rental cost. My advice: beware of the upgrades when renting a car.
Earlier on, when we made all the original reservations online, we also made a reservation to stay two nights at the Days Inn in Palm Coast, FL. There were many hotels to choose from, but the Days Inn offered a nice room at around $58 per night. Not bad. It was definitely the least expensive and looking back, I’m happy to have chosen it because it was close the everything we needed.
We checked into the hotel at around 11PM. I was surprised because the room was great. It was modern and clean. I’ve seen hotel rooms that were less than great, but this one was just perfect. It had two full beds, a nice flat panel TV, a microwave and a mini refrigerator. Good thing about the micro and fridge too, because we had to buy dinner at a local grocery store and eat in the hotel room. All the restaurants were closed, besides a few fast-food places. The room features came in very handy.
If you are staying in Palm Coast, Florida, I would happily recommend the Days Inn.
If you are in the area, I highly suggest Dominic’s Deli & Eatery in Palm Coast. I went there for breakfast both days we were in town and was blown away by the breakfast sandwiches Pete made for us. This is, of course, a shameless plug because Pete is a good friend of mine. But seriously, if you are visiting or live in Palm Coast, check out Pete’s deli. He’s got awesome bread and knows how to make sandwiches the right way. I’ve been living in Connecticut for five years and unfortunately, I had to go to Florida to get a good sandwich. Ask for the pesto mayo – you won’t be sorry. While I was in town, Pete took care of me and as I was standing in his deli, I watched him take care of everyone else too. Great guy.
Before we left, we were quite interested in learning what type of vegetation grows in Palm Coast. I was certain that citrus trees grew in the area and I was determined to find some. Well, just as luck would have it, as we were doing one of the things that needed to get done, we ran into an orange tree and a grapefruit tree.
Can you believe it? I can’t. I am used to apple trees and all that, but citrus trees really took me by surprise.
It was cloudy, but we didn’t mind. It actually made for a great and private visit to the beach. And I do have to say, Palm Coast offers some of the most beautiful beaches I’ve seen to date. The wind created some rather large waves and the water was warm. It was great.
The beach we visited, off of Hammock Dunes Parkway, was relatively non-developed. There was no boardwalk or restaurants. All I saw were a few houses with stairs leading the the beach. Perfect for those long walks people always talk about.
On Thursday, we flew jetBlue back to Hartford from Orlando. This trip was a bit more complex than the first.
The main priority was to fill the rental car with gas. I figured that I would pass a gas station fairly close to the airport and there would be no issues. Not the case. As you get closer to the airport, things get more and more cramped and confusing. The last thing I wanted to do was learn that an exit ramp that offered a gas station had no alternate entrance ramp. Especially when we had time constraints. So we kept driving – all the way into the airport and up the parking garage, right the the rental car return. I looked at the gas gauge and saw that it was going to cost me about $100 in fuel if I returned the car.
I asked the check-in woman if there were any local gas stations and she graciously directed me to one a few miles away. I left the parking garage, filled the car up and in about fifteen minutes, returned the car. Lucky me. It only cost around $24 at $3.25 per gallon.
We returned the car and a nice fellow approached us and informed us that Hertz offered a drop-off service right to the jetBlue counter. We accepted his invitation and he drove us up to jetBlue. I thought that was nice. He asked that we spread the word about Hertz’s drop-off service, so that’s what I’m doing.
When we got to the jetBlue area, we saw some pretty decent sized lines for check in. Luckily, there were automated check-in kiosks available. I used one of them quickly printed our boarding passes. The only reason I didn’t print the boarding passes early was because I didn’t have a printer. jetblue did email them to me, and it’s a shame I wasn’t able to use that handy service.
The security lines were much longer at this airport compared to the other, but we made it through. The good part about that was that we didn’t have to wait at the gate as long as we did up in Hartford.
The flight back to Hartford was fairly uneventful. I can give the same review of this flight as I did earlier, but at least this time, I got some pictures.
Overall, we had a good, but very tiring trip. It only lasted a few days, but we completed what we needed to complete. | 2019-04-20T03:04:03Z | https://www.jaygaulard.com/visiting-palm-coast-florida-hartford-connecticut/ |
Something that we all share is that feeling of pure joy and happiness in the summer. There is nothing better than being in the sunshine and having fun, providing of course it is not too hot!
One of the most pleasurable things you can do is go to the beach, be it with family or friends. It can be quite a relaxing pass time, soaking up the sun and just being outside, and listening to the waves as they crash against the sand. Usually you have to take your car, unless you have a beachfront house!
Some people like to do things slightly differently. By that I mean they take their car to the beach and then literally take it onto the beach. This can be convenient as it can save a bit of walking, especially if there is no nearby place to park your car safely and securely. But it also means you can get stuck.
Long Beach in New York is, quite amusingly, not a particularly "long beach" and certainly not as famous as Long Beach, California, where IndyCar races. But it is, of course, a beach, and therefore you can guarantee cars get stuck at it. In this image, these unlucky folks have not been caught out by any rising tides. Quite the contrary, they have merely underestimated how easily you can be stuck in the sand, and well, got stuck in the sand. I’m not sure what is worse really; being caught out by the tide, or just getting your car stuck. I feel the latter, because the tide can catch you out. The sand really shouldn’t.
This is not Southampton Beach UK, but Southampton Village Beach New York. The beach itself is rather picturesque and is situated in a very nice neighborhood, but nice neighborhoods can’t stop you getting caught in the sand.
A few years ago (2013 to be precise) these chaps, unfortunately, got their BMW stuck in the sand, and they can be forgiven as cars regularly go down this part of the beach.
Fortunately some helpful people in a Jeep were on hand to tow them out and bring them back to the road.
Now this one is quite funny, because you must wonder what on earth this vehicle was doing anywhere near a beach in the first place. Of course, you must wonder why some people do take their cars to the beach, but a Pepsi truck? Well it happened in Gloucester. Somehow. The story is that the driver of the truck took a wrong turning, and somehow ended up on the beach. This could be forgivable if it happened at night, but it reportedly happened at 10:30am, when of course there is plenty of daylight. Perhaps he thought he would be absolutely fine. Well, he wasn’t.
Now we take a little trip all the way to sunny, and very warm Australia. Rainbow Beach is certainly a nice name, but the sand here can be quite murky. The sand changes over time and can catch some people out, appearing to be firmer than it actually is. This Jeep (I think) is just one of around 10 cars a year which get damaged trying to navigate their way across Rainbow Beach. The worst bit of the beach is Mudlo Rocks, where it can become particularly hazadarous. It does make you wonder though, why risk getting stuck at all when you could park further away and just walk a little bit extra?
There are several beaches from the UK in this list. Not necessarily because they are particularly treacherous, but just because there are lots of them.
A couple in their Nissan got stuck on this Somerset beach as the tide came in, but the tide REALLY came in and the car was in effect part of the ocean.
They had to ring emergency services to bring a hovercraft to help tow them out of their predicament. Well, their car anyway. They weren’t alone though. Three cars had to be dragged out by the emergency services on that particular day.
Not quite on a beach per say, but close enough. As you can see we have a Jeep trying it’s best to get up a hill, somewhere in Western Australia, but it’s not having the best time of it. It is fairly obvious the poor car is stuck, and one has to wonder if the big beast behind it has arrived to rescue it from its troubles. It is surprising to see a comparatively light Jeep Wrangler get stuck in the sand, but I guess it can happen to the best of us. It can of course also happen to the worst of us, so maybe that’s what has happened here.
Another day, another car stuck in a beach somewhere in England. This one might make you cringe slightly. This beautiful Bentley has gotten itself very stuck indeed in Penzance Cornwall, and it makes my blood boil that someone thought taking a Bentley onto a beach was a good idea. You can see the state of the and so there has obviously been some frantic efforts to get the car out of the beach. Perhaps the tide had only recently gone out? Either way, I would not drag my Bentley down to the beach, oh no sir.
I would apologise for the abundance of British beaches, but there are so many it’s hard to not include a good number.
Brean Down Beach is in what is usually a very sunny Somerset, but the sun wasn’t shining on the owners of this BMW on this day.
As we can deduce from the continental Europe number plate, the owners of this BMW were probably not UK residents so can be forgiven for not knowing the beach’s condition. This car was in fact abandoned completely for a good while, before it was eventually take away from the beach.
We stay in Europe for another beach, and another expensive car stuck in the sand. Ramatuelle is near Saint-Tropez, and the owner of this Porsche 911, a very black 911, thought it would be a great idea to drag his car down to the beach.
Sadly for them, they got caught by the good old tide again and got their car stuck on the Beach.
It certainly caused a commotion and turned several heads when it happened. Wooden pellets had been used to try and get the car out, but unfortunately for them they failed. Perhaps next time they won’t take their car down to the beach!
Cumbria is probably one of the most beautiful areas of the United Kingdom, but if you don’t know the area things can be tricky, as the owners of this Range Rover found out to their detriment. They decided to drive onto a protected Nature Reserve, which in this case was illegal, and then promptly got stuck. What’s worse, they simply abandoned their car to be destroyed and consumed by the high tides. This did not go down well with the local wildlife trust, and rightly so. Nature reserves are not meant for Range Rovers.
We are back in good old Australia again, and we can see quite a predicament is occurring here. A fair few people are attempting to rescue a pickup truck from being swallowed up by the sand and the impending tides. In the town of Broome, this had become a major problem. Quite a number of cars had reportedly been lost this way, and various rescue attempts for these vehicles had taken place. Quite a lot of the time, the cars had been left to accept their fate, and an expensive one at that. If the car becomes bogged down too much, there is simply nothing anyone can do to prevent it from vanishing for good.
Back in England, here we have another Range Rover attempting to escape its fate. This one though is being towed out, so thankfully will not be lost for good. This Range Rover had got stuck on Felixstowe beach in Suffolk, East Anglia.
It took two tow trucks to attempt to retrieve the stranded SUV from the beach.
What’s worse, a few recovery vehicles themselves apparently got stuck trying to rescue the car, which a woman had reported to be having difficulties with at a shop on the beach. Thankfully, no one was hurt and the car was eventually rescued.
A common reason for cars being stuck on the beach is of course when the tide comes in, and most of the photos in this list feature cars that have gone through that predicament.
Talacare Beach, in Hollywell, UK saw this rather worrying scene back in May 2016, and as you can imagine a lot of motorists were extremely worried about their cars, although a lot did manage to get free of their predicament.
And as we can see in the image, a lot of cars did get rather stuck as the tide rolled in. People perhaps do need to be a bit more careful about these things.
Polihale Beach is situated on the Western side of the Hawaiian island of Kauai and naturally is also situated amongst beautiful surroundings. Now, I was a bit confused when looking at this picture as I was not sure if this car was actually stuck in the sand. But I was able to assure myself that this car is indeed stuck in the sand. Whoever the owner of this Jeep is has done a commendable job of getting it stuck in the sand. But still, there is some consolation to it. There’s some wonderful weather and scenery to admire as you wait to be rescued. Just watch that tide.
This is an image that pains me, seeing as the Toyota Celica is a rather good JDM car. Whilst it was on Berrow Beach in Somerset, England, the car got stuck in the mud as the driver attempted to drive through it.
As he tried to get it out, the tide rolled in and it sealed the poor Celica’s fate.
What was amazing was that there were a huge number of warning signs around the beach, which of course were warning anyone trying to drive a car over the mud to not go through the mud. | 2019-04-25T03:59:54Z | https://www.hotcars.com/17-pics-of-beached-cars/ |
Fox’s Monday Pizza Happy Hour!
Now you can look forward to Mondays! As a special thank you to or wonderful customers, join us from 4-6pm Mondays at Fox’s to enjoy your favorite gourmet pizzas and oven baked calzones for 1/2 price! Valid for dine in or carryout. Let you friends know about the community deal of the week!
As a supporter of area Little League programs, we were happy to be a part of the 2014 Oconee County Little League opening day! We had a great time getting to meet the Fox’s team and so many others, and compete in the mascot challenge. Way to go Frankie! It’s awesome to be a part of the program and see the growth in our community. Good luck to all area teams this year, and we hope you have a great season! Make plans now at Fox’s for your end of season team parties!
Have you added the new Fox’s reward app from Flok to your phone? If not, you’re missing out on starting a phone based rewards card, staying updated on all our current specials and coupons, checking in to earn status cards, sharing photos and more! Search for Flok in your app store or visit http://www.Flok/app for more information and search for Fox’s. You can also get more information on our recent blog post.
We’re excited to introduce Fox’s Double Reward Wednesdays! For a limited time, receive double the normal stamps on your Fox’s phone rewards app. You’ll be on your way to saving even faster! Please let friends know about this new program, and share the savings and fun.
We love our community, and are happy to support where we live and work through good works, community events, and exclusive fundraisers. Do you have a an upcoming special event or group with fundraising needs? Give Fox’s a call 678-661-0220 or email [email protected]. Check back for updates on Team Fox Rocks here on our Athens and Oconee community blog.
April 24 2015 – Fox’s Friday! One week from tonight we’ll be with our friends raising funds for the 2015 Relay For Life of Oconee County! Special music from Patrick Britt Music too! See you then!
April 19 2015 – We enjoyed seeing everyone for dinner before prom last night, and hope you had a wonderful time there! Fox’s is happy to support Oconee County After Prom!
March 27 2015 – 2015 Mustang expo tomorrow/Saturday 4-6pm! Register your Mustang, or simply stop by and check out the hot rods!
March 22 2015 – Happy to partner with Oconee County Little League on opening day! Frankie had so much fun running in the mascot race. We loved being able to meet the Fox’s team.
March 20 2015 – Congratulations to Ms Dickens’ OCES class. Your Pi Day awareness pizza box was the people’s choice! We hope you enjoy your 30″ “biggest pizza in town” party!
March 16 2015 – Team Fox Rocks couldn’t be happier to display this t-shirt quilt made by Fox’s Aunt Jackie, featuring all the 5k fundraisers from 2014! Thanks from the Fox’s team!
March 8 2015 – Frankie the Fox’s Pizza Fox! had fun listening to stories for Dr Suess day at Target of Athens and meeting lots of fun people. Photo courtesy our friend Claire G!
March 1 2015 – Stop by and enjoy delicious Fox’s Pizza and show off your pizza dough tossing skills at the Taste of Oconee tonight 5pm at the Oconee Civic Center. We hope to see you there, and please vote Fox’s best in Kids Choice and People’s Choice!
February 22 2015 – Frankie the Fox’s Pizza Fox! had so much fun at the Athens Montessori School 5k! Call to inquire about the fox at your next event!
February 5 2015 – We were honored to participate in the OCES Career Day today, and enjoyed talking with such insightful students!
January 30 2015 – Fox’s Friday! Happy to host our friends from Extra Special People, Inc. on their Fox’s fundraiser night! Make plans to attend their Big Hearts event Saturday, February 7th!
January 15 2015 – Good times with future leaders from the Oconee County Chamber of Commerce Youth Leadership Oconee, enjoying a Fox’s 30″ “Biggest Pizza in Town” dinner!
December 20 2014 – Team Fox Rocks with a first on a chilly day… Santa Stroll 8k to benefit Bishop Baptist Church. Some of us even medaled with a Santa bobble head! Great job team!
December 17 2014 – Happy to provide Fox’s “Biggest Pizzas in Town” to the Athens Area FCA football all-stars after practice… Game time Friday 7:30 at Clarke Central!
November 21 2014 – Fox’s had fun talking to students about their future and demonstrating our training dough at the 2014 Career Day!
November 9 2014 – Congratulations to the UNG Oconee honors program on a successful Fox’s pasta dinner fundraiser! We were glad to partner with you to help raise nearly $500 for your program!
October 26 2014 – Team Fox Rocks supporting the Sandy Creek Nature Center at the Jack-O-Lantern Jog 5k! Beautiful course along the greenway… Now time for celebratory Italian favorites!
October 19 2014 – Congratulations to all AthHalf Half Marathon runners! We had so much fun cheering you on along with our friends The ATHENS band. We’re proud of all of you and hope to see you at Fox’s for a celebratory pizza!
Thanks to everyone that enjoyed lunch or dinner in support of Team Lake and the Be the Match Foundation. — at Fox’s Pizza Den of Oconee.
September 5 2014 – Fox’s was happy to be a part of the Jeannette Rankin Women’s Scholarship Fund 5k Saturday! There was FREE Fox’s for finishers, plus runner and walkers got their photo with Frankie the Fox’s Pizza Fox!
August 6 2014 – There’s nothing like the excitement and energy of a new school year! Many thanks to everyone supporting the Fox’s and Oconee County Chamber of Commerce school supply drive! Your record breaking generosity helped make this a special day for lots of area students.
July 16 2014 – Please welcome our Fox’s interns from Shanghai University via the University of Georgia! Stop by and say hello to Elaine, Joy, Max and Summer. We have some exciting events planned by our interns, so check back for details.
July 3 2014 – We were surprised with a timely visit to Fox’s from the GA Army National Guard to present this plaque! Open tomorrow from 4-close, plus come to the Oconee County Parks and Recreation Department fireworks hungry… We’re the on site pizza provider! Happy 4th!
June 26 2014 – Chris Hein and his family stopped by Fox’s yesterday for the big check fundraiser presentation! Thanks to the support of community and a combined effort by local businesses, we plan to be able to raise $1,000! Premier Jewelry and Mary Kay fundraisers are about to wrap up, but you can still participate by making purchases to support the Heins! Click the previous highlighted links for more information or visit Chris’ fundraiser page to donate as well!
June 21 2014 – The inaugural 2014 Mustang Expo fundraiser was a huge success! Special thanks to all the local businesses that helped make this happen, and to everyone that came out to support the Chris Hein Recovery Fund. We had about 20 Mustangs participate this year, and really enjoyed catching up with regulars, while meeting new friends! In case you missed it, you can see more photos from the event in our event photo gallery!
May 23 2014 – We were happy to get the chance to provide pizzas and pastas for National EMS Week! Thanks to all first responders for all you do!
May 19 2014 – Happy to be a part of Oconee County Elementary School Cultural Arts Night with a fundraiser dinner! Call us to RSVP Fox’s for your next event!
May 16 2014 – We’re excited to partner with the Shamrock Seals to be their pizza provider! Frankie the Fox’s Pizza Fox! had a great time at their kickoff. Need pizza or a fundraiser idea for your pool or swim team meets or parties? Give us a call!
May 10 2014 – Team Fox Rocks cleaning up Hwy 78 as part of the Keep Oconee County Beautiful Commission day of service! Now on to the Oconee County Parks and Recreation Department Movie in the Park! Pick up dinner at Fox’s, or we’ll have slices at OVP!
May 9 2014 – Check out the new local artwork at Fox’s, created by talented artists at Extra Special People, Inc.! We were lucky to receive this at a recent fundraiser, and will proudly display this art from our friends at ESP!
May 5th 2014 – Team Fox Rocks at the St. Mary’s Health Care System Next Step 5K for stroke awareness! We were very excited to be joined by most of the Fox’s team, plus Frankie the Fox’s Pizza Fox! as the convertible pace car! Who’s up for a Cinco de Mayo taco pizza or salad?!
April 26th 2014 – Team Fox Rocks had a great time supporting the inaugural Oconee County High School Warrior Football Friday Night Lights 5k! Running with UGA Dawg alum Dennis Roland and the students with a 2nd place finish was a blast!
April 13th 2014 – Community photo of the day from the St. Joseph Catholic School Athens tennis tournament! Happy to provide Fox’s pizzas for this awesome event. Congratulations to all participants!
April 12th 2014 – Team Fox Rocks and friends supporting St. James UMC – Athens, GA Missions fundraiser 5K and getting moving! Glad we had transportation to Fox’s for lunch, and didn’t have to run there too!
April 11th, 2014 – We had fun with volunteers at Athens First United Methodist Church serving pizzas and salads at the Souper Suppers dinner for those in need! Thanks for your service!
March 30th, 2014 – Fox’s and Phickles yesterday at the Georgia Children’s Chorus Tour of Kitchens! We are happy to support the GCC, and enjoyed catching up with our friends at Phickles Pickles to plan new menu items!
While most were understandably sleeping, Team Fox Rocks, the Athens First Bank team and lots of friends of Fox’s were supporting Action Ministries Athens at the Lead Athens Midnight 5K! We even added to the 2014 hardware with a 1st in age group/women award!
Fox’s hosted the Athens Area Junior Golf Tour for a Fox’s fundraiser on Thursday. Lots of area golfers and families came together to help raise funds for the AAJGT. Thanks to all those that supported this worthwhile cause!
Team Fox Rocks well represented at the Prince Avenue Christian School (Official) Running with the PACS 5k, with several 1st, 2nd and 3rd place finishes! Now on to Fox’s to re-charge!
Fox’s was recognized as the longest running participant in the annual Taste of Oconee fundraiser for Oconee County Middle School fine arts program. We’re happy to support this event, and had a great time seeing so many regulars and new friends. Hopefully, everyone enjoyed the samples!
We were honored to treat some of America’s finest to a 30″ “Biggest Pizza in Town” lunch in a warm restaurant! Thanks for all you and everyone supporting the area have done to help the community through the winter storm!
Thanks to all the teams that participated in today’s Coaches vs Cancer 3 on 3 fundraiser, and congratulations to the winning teams. Each winning team received a free 9″ pizza monthly for a year!
We are so honored and humbled to be named 2013 Oconee Business of the Year by the Oconee County Chamber of Commerce! We are blessed to have a quality Fox’s team, and be in a community with so many wonderful and supportive families, businesses and organizations. We sincerely appreciate you.
Great game and Coaches vs Cancer fundraiser at the OCMS v MBMS game! Congratulations winners of a 30″ “Biggest Pizza in Town”! Team Fox Rocks was glad to be a part of this year’s Coaches vs. Cancer community fundraiser and cancer awareness event.
Celebrating a wonderful time of year with our wonderful Fox’s team. Thanks for all you do for customers/friends of Fox’s! Special thanks to our friends at Pump It Up of Athens for hosting our party!
Team Fox Rocks is happy to support our community with an annual meet and greet with Santa event at Fox’s! Free face painting, photos with Santa and more entertainment highlighted the evening. We enjoyed seeing everyone, and hope you enjoyed this holiday tradition! | 2019-04-23T17:51:50Z | https://foxspizzaoconee.com/tag/foxs/ |
Rapid acidification occurring during synaptic vesicle release can activate acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) both on pre- and postsynaptic neurons. In the latter case, a fraction of postsynaptic current would be mediated by cation-selective acid-sensing ion channels. Additionally, in both cases, activation of acid-sensing ion channels could modulate synaptic strength by affecting transmitter release and/or sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. To address potential involvement of acid-sensing ion channels in mediation/modulation of synaptic transmission at hippocampal GABAergic synapses, we studied effects of three structurally different blockers of acid-sensing ion channels on evoked postsynaptic currents using the patch-clamp technique. We found that GABAergic postsynaptic currents, recorded below their reversal potential as inward currents, are suppressed by all the employed blockers of acid-sensing ion channels. These currents were suppressed by ~ 20 % in the presence of a novel blocker 5b (1 μM) and by ~30 % in the presence of either amiloride (25 μM) or diminazene (20 μM). In the same cells the suppression of postsynaptic currents, recorded above their reversal potential as outward currents was statistically insignificant. These results imply that the effects of blockers in our experiments are at least partially postsynaptic. On the other hand, in the case of mediation of a fraction of postsynaptic current by acid-sensing ion channels, an increase of outward currents would be expected under our experimental conditions. Our analysis of a bicuculline-resistant fraction of postsynaptic currents also suggests that effects of the blockers are predominantly modulatory. In this work we present evidence for the first time that acid-sensing ion channels play a functional role at hippocampal GABAergic synapses. The suppressing effect of the blockers of acid-sensing ion channels on GABAergic transmission is due, at least partially, to a postsynaptic but (predominantly) modulatory mechanism. We hypothesize that the modulatory effect is due to functional crosstalk between ASICs and GABAA-receptors recently reported in isolated neurons, however, verification of this hypothesis is necessary.
ASICs are abundant in many brain areas and are known to have important physiological functions. However, because of rapid desensitization of ASIC-mediated currents, synapses are among the few places where they can be activated under physiological conditions and, thus, mediate their physiological role.
While under physiological conditions the brain’s extracellular pH is reasonably constant, neural activity can induce transient and localized pH fluctuations, in particular, due to release of synaptic vesicles which have a pH of ~5.2–5.7. Indeed, there is evidence indicating that acidification occurs at synaptic cleft in several types of synapses in different brain structures [1–4]. Moreover, it has been recently shown that in the lateral amygdala, protons act as neurotransmitter by activating acid-sensing (proton-gated) channels (ASICs) and regulate synaptic plasticity in this structure . Although no direct involvement of ASICs in synaptic transmission (synaptically activated ASIC mediated currents) was detected in the hippocampus, it has been well documented that ASICs are involved in regulation and plasticity of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus [6–8]. However, the synaptic cleft acidification occurs also at inhibitory GABAergic synapses , and selective deletion of ASIC1a in GABAergic cells, has important functional consequences . Finally, functional crosstalk between ASICs and GABAA-receptors has been recently reported [10, 11]. This notwithstanding, possible involvement of ASICs in the regulation of GABAergic transmission is still poorly investigated. We have started to address this question by examining possible effects of several ASIC blockers on evoked GABAergic PSCs in hippocampal cell culture.
It should be noted that ASICs are in any case naturally present in hippocampal neurons as detail studied in [8, 12–16].
Below we briefly outline information related to our work.
hippocampal ASIC-like current is due to a mixture of homomeric ASIC1a channels and heteromeric channels [8, 12–16]. An estimate of functional (membrane-located) ASIC subtypes in different brain structures has been provided in recent elegant work . According to this estimate the proportion of functional ASICs in acute hippocampal tissue is as following: 1a:1a:1a 33.2 %; 1a:1a:2a 44.2 %; 1a:2a:2a 19.6 %; 2a:2a:2a 2.9 % .
The density of proton-activated currents (evoked by pH shift to 5) is about 17 -20 pA/pF in hippocampal pyramidal neurons [8, 12]. The density of proton-activated currents in hippocampal inhibitory interneurons was also estimated and compared with that in pyramidal cells . It was found that in basket cells the density of ASIC current (0.12 pA/μm2) is about the same as in pyramidal neurons (0.11 pA/μm), however it is substantially higher in oriens lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) interneurons (0.75 pA/μm2) . ASIC currents of these three cell types were blocked (by more than 50 %) in presence of amiloride at 10 μm concentration .
1) Weaker effects of ASIC blockers specific to homomeric ASIC1a channels on PSCS should be expected. 2) As compared to amygdala neurons, weaker effects should be expected in most of the hippocampal neurons, because the density of proton-activated currents is higher in amygdala .
Animals: Albino Wistar rat pups were housed under a constant 12/12 hour light/dark cycle at 22–24 °C in the institutional animal facility and removed from the litter no more than half an hour before anaestesia. All procedures used in this study were approved by the Animal Care Committee of Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and conform to the Guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the care and use of animals.
For studying synaptic responses we used cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, a preparation that enables the recording of the responses evoked by a single presynaptic neuron stimulation relatively easily. Cell cultures were prepared as described previously . All cultures were kept at 36 °C in humidified air with 5 % CO2 and were used for the experiments 14-22 days after plating. Unless otherwise noted, relatively low-density areas of coverslips with cultured cells (2-5 neurons in 400-μm diameter view-field) were selected for the experiments. Synaptic responses were evoked by applying voltage pulses (0.2-1 ms, 20-100 V) to an extracellular electrode (a patch electrode filled with the extracellular solution) positioned in the vicinity of the presynaptic neuron soma or neurite. Such an approach allows local (“down to” a single synaptic bouton) extracellular stimulation [19, 20]. A standard whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to record responses (IPSCs) from postsynaptic neurons. In the framework of this work we focused on similarities of GABAergic synapses, regardless of the nature of postsynaptic cells (GABAergic versus glutamatergic). Nevertheless, postsynaptic neurons, used in our experiments were mainly excitatory. About 80 % of postsynaptic neurons were glutamatergic by virtue of triangular-shaped cell bodies, a typical feature of pyramidal neurons. About 10 % of postsynaptic neurons were definitely GABAergic, because brief depolarization (from Vh-70 mV) of their soma evoked autaptic GABAergic responses. The remaining ~10 % of cells were probably a mixture of both types.
Slow (as compared to glutamatergic) evoked responses were assumed to be mediated by GABAA receptors since they reversed reasonably close to the chloride equilibrium potential. The intracellular solution contained the following (in mM): Cs gluconate 100, CsCl 30, MgCl2 4, Na2ATP 4, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) 10, N[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N’-[2-ethanesulfonic acid] (HEPES) 10. In most of the experiments the extracellular solution contained the following: (in mM): NaCl 140, KCl 4, CaCl2 2, MgCl2 1, HEPES 2, glucose 10 (‘HEPES 2 –solution’), in some series of experiments, however, higher concentrations of HEPES were used (3 or 10 mM); pH of all solutions was 7.4. Unless noted otherwise, 10 μM of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and 50 μM of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) were added to extracellular solution to block ionotropic glutamate receptors to study pharmacologically isolated GABAergic responses. Small volumes of tested antagonists were gently added directly in a corner of a static bath (2 ml) to obtain a final desired concentration. Except for a novel antagonist of ASIC1a 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamidine derivative 5b (developed by joint efforts of scientists from Institute of Organic Chemistry NAS and A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS , referred to hereafter as 5b), chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich company. 5b was used at 1 μM concentration, which completely blocks ASIC-mediated currents evoked by mild (pH 6,7) acidification. In particular, rASIC1a-like currents in hippocampal neurons evoked by mild (pH 6,7) acidification were decreased by 5b (100 nM) up to 9.39 ± 2.9 % of control values (Please, see supporting information for ). Experimental membrane potentials reported here were corrected for liquid junction potentials as suggested in an earlier study . In most of the experiments we used experimental protocol similar to those described in Fig. 1a or Fig. 1b. During each sweep a presynaptic neuron was stimulated twice; first when the membrane potential in the postsynaptic cell was clamped 10-15 mV below IPSC reversal potential for a given synaptic connection (typically –45 mV), and second when the membrane potential was shifted by 20 mV (typically to –25 mV) (Fig. 1a). The above protocol was used in the majority of the experiments with 5b. A slightly modified protocol was used to study the effect of amiloride and diminazene (Fig. 1b). In this protocol, during each sweep the presynaptic neuron was stimulated three times – two currents were recorded as inward and one as outward. Both protocols enabled the further estimation of the reversal potential by extrapolation. The reversal potential of the evoked synaptic currents in ‘HEPES 2 –solution’ was -33,3 ± 1,20 mV (n = 18), and the theoretically calculated equilibrium potential for chloride ions with intracellular and extracellular salines applied was -34,6 mV.
In most of experiments with bicuculline the membrane voltage was clamped at –55 –70 mV to increase the amplitude of PCSs.
Digitized currents were analyzed using ANDATRA software kindly provided by Yaroslav Boychuk (A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine). Unless noted otherwise, the data are presented as a mean ± S.E.M; Student’s t-test was used for statistical comparisons.
Rapid acidification occurring during synaptic vesicle release can activate ASICs both on pre- and postsynaptic neurons. In the latter case, a fraction of postsynaptic current would be mediated by cation-selective ASICs, as it was previously demonstrated for the lateral amygdala neurons . It should be noted however, that in both cases activation of ASICs could also modulate synaptic strength by affecting transmitter release and/or sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. To address these possibilities we studied effects of three structurally different ASIC blockers on evoked postsynaptic currents. In particular we studied potential effects of compound 5b, reported as a quite selective ASIC blocker .
If a fraction of postsynaptic current at hippocampal GABAergic synapses is mediated by cation-selective ASICs, ionic composition of PSCs will be comprised by both cations and Cl- anions. Given that the reversal potentials for cations and Cl- are not the same (for particular solutions) the different effects of ASIC blocker may be expected on inward and outward currents. We designed our experiments to examine this possibility. In the same series of experiments we recorded PSCs at GABAergic synapses below their reversal potential as inward currents, and above the reversal potential, as outward ones. In both cases, however, membrane potential was below the reversal potential for Na+ (see Methods for details). Under these conditions, if a fraction of postsynaptic current is mediated by cation-selective ASICs, it would be expected that the block of ASICs will decrease the inward current, but increase the outward ones.
Since it has been reported previously that 10 mM of HEPES is higher than the physiologically relevant concentration of proton buffer [1, 3], the first series of experiments was done in 2 mM HEPES solution. As illustrated in Fig. 1a, the sweeps were collected every 4 seconds. After at least 50 control sweeps, 5b was added to the recording chamber to reach the final concentration of 1 μM, then at least 80 more sweeps were collected. Since cell-to-cell IPSC amplitudes were quite variable, the amplitude values were normalized to the control value (average amplitude of 20 PSCs before the drug application) in each single experiment and then the results from different experiments were pooled. In the following graphs sequential averages of 10 PSCs are plotted versus time.
We found that following application of 5b, the inward currents were substantially decreased as compared to control (Fig. 2a, b). On average, the decrease in the inward current amplitude was 19.9 ± 5.9 % (n = 8), and the inhibitory effect was statistically significant (P < 0.02; T = -3.186003; df = 7; paired Student’s t-test). At the same time there were no statistically significant changes of the outward currents; on average the amplitude of outward PSCS in 5b presence was 93.9 ± 5.7 % of control (P >0.3; T = -1.04; df = 7; paired Student’s t-test).
Thus, while the effect of 5b on the inward currents could be explained by the direct involvement of ASICs in PSC generation as observed in the amygdala , the lack of an increase of the outward currents suggests that the effect of 5b is predominantly modulatory. Lack of apparent shift of estimated PSCs reversal potential (-0.75 ± 0.26 mV, n = 8) after application of 5b also supports this suggestion. (see Methods for details of estimating PSCs reversal potential). Nevertheless, to further verify this point we tried to pharmacologically isolate/enhance a fraction of synaptic current that is not mediated by GABAA-receptors (residual current) and study some of its properties. Bicuculline (20 μM) was used to block (most of) GABAA-receptors in this series of experiments. Since the IC50 value for bicuculline effect on GABA(A) receptors for is estimated as 2.7 μM , approximately 90 % blockade is anticipated for 20 μM concentration.
Generally, bicuculline (20 μM) did not completely block evoked responses, recorded in the presence of APV (50 μM) and CNQX (10 μM).
For the experiments described below we selected cells with large residual currents as illustrated in Fig. 3a. Figure 3b summarizes data obtained in experiments with bicuculline. On average, amplitude of the bicuculline-resistant fraction of evoked PSCs (residual currents) was 8.23 ± 2.24 % (n = 20, range 0-34 %). We failed to find a systematic effect of 5 b (1 μM) on these currents - see Fig. 3c, d. On average, in the presence of 5 b the average amplitude of residual currents was 92.9 ± 18.1 % of control (P = -0,39; paired t-test n = 5). On the other hand, these currents were strongly affected in the presence of suramin, a non-selective P2X antagonist. We found that suramin at 200 μM concentration (Additional file 1: Figure S1) decreased residual currents to 16.9 ± 4.3 % of control (P < 0.01; paired t-test, n = 4); and to 66.5 ± 14 % (n = 4) at 20 μM.At the same time, it should be borne in mind that: a) suramin (500 μM) does not affect ASIC currents in hippocampal neurons ; b) it is unlikely that the residual currents under our experimental conditions were mediated by P2X receptors. The latter point can be supported by our previous observation that suramin (20 μM) substantially reduced the amplitude of currents evoked by exogenous GABA application (GABA-currents) . On average, GABA-currents were reduced to 41.9 ± 2.9 % of control (n = 4; P < 0.01; paired t-test) in presence of 20 μM of suramin . Additionally, in some experiments with bicuculline we used a protocol similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1a, which enabled us to obtain an estimate of the PSC reversal potential before and after bicuculline application, and thus a possible shift of the reversal potential evoked by bicuculline application. There were no pronounced shifts of the PSC reversal potential. On average, the shift was -1.29 ± 1.31 mV (n = 5). These results support the idea that under our experimental conditions, even in the presence of bicuculline, synaptic currents are still predominantly mediated by chloride ions.
To check whether the effect of 5b is related to endogenously occurring acidification, in a separate series of experiments we studied the effect of this compound in extracellular solution with enhanced concentration of proton buffer (HEPES). Such an approach has been previously justified in several studies [1, 3, 26]. In particular, we studied the effect of 5b (1 μM) in the extracellular solution containing 3 mM of HEPES, concentration close to level of physiological buffering . We have found that in the extracellular solution with 3 mM of HEPES (n = 5), 5b had a reduced effect on inward currents. On average, the decrease of inward current amplitude was 14.3 ± 4.9 %, but it was still statistically significant (P < 0.05; T = -2.9; df = 4; paired Student’s t-test, not illustrated).
On the other hand, in the solution with higher HEPES concentration (10 mM) the effect of 5b (1 μM) on inward current amplitude was substantially smaller and not statistically significant (Fig. 4). On average the amplitude of inward PSCS in 5b presence was 93.1 ± 5.3 % of control (P >0.25; T = -1.3; df = 4; paired Student’s t-test). Taken together, the above results suggest involvement of protons in the effect of 5b.
This point can be also supported by our observation that currents that evoked exogenous GABA applications are not decreased in presence of 5b (Additional file 1: Figure S2).
Nevertheless, to further confirm that the effect of 5b is specific (related to its action on ASICs) we tested the effects of other chemically distinct ASIC blockers on PSCs at GABAergic synapses. For this purpose we used amiloride and diminazene [10, 24].
The experiments were performed in HEPES-2 solution. Experimental protocol was similar to that used to study the effect of 5b, but during each sweep the presynaptic neuron was stimulated three times – two currents were recorded as inward and one as outward (see Fig. 1b and Methods for details). To examine possible involvement of presynaptic mechanisms in the effects [15, 27] the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) protocol was applied in these experiments. We found that following amiloride (25 μM) application, the inward currents were substantially decreased in comparison to the control (Fig. 5a). On average the inward current decreased to 69.5 ± 10 % (n = 5), and the decrease was statistically significant (P < 0.05; T = -3; df = 4; paired Student’s t-test). At the same time smaller decrease of outward currents was observed (Fig. 5b): on average the amplitude of outward PSCS in the presence of amiloride was 88.3 ± 9 % of control (P =0.6; T = -1.29; df = 4; paired Student’s t-test). Virtually no shift of estimated PSCs reversal potential (-1.33 ± 0.28 mV, n = 5) was observed in the presence of amiloride.
Equally no changes were observed in the paired-pulse ratio (IPSC2/IPSC1 of inward currents) which remained at 101,2 ± 7.5 % in the presence of amiloride.
Similar to the effect of 5b and amiloride, diminazene (20 μM) also inhibited the inward currents, while weaker effect on the outward currents was observed (Fig. 6a, b).
On average, the inward currents were decreased to 71.8 ± 4.2 % (n = 6) of the control, the decrease was statistically significant (P < 0.05; T = -6,77; df = 5; paired Student’s t-test). At the same time smaller decrease of outward currents was observed (Fig. 6b): on average the amplitude of outward PSCS in the presence of diminazene was 95,2 ± 7.2 % of control. The decrease was not statistically significant (P =0.54; T = -0.65; df = 5; paired Student’s t-test). No apparent shift of estimated PSCs reversal potential was observed in the presence of diminazene. (-1.76 ± 0.28 mV, n = 6).
The presence of diminazene did produce a weak enhancement of paired-pulse ratio (Fig. 6c) to 112 ± 9.25 % of the control. The difference was not statistically significant (P =0.25; T = -1.29; df = 5; paired Student’s t-test) but in view of the tendency towards the increase of paired-pulse ratio in the presence of diminazene, we have carried out additional (n = 8) experiments to check if the paired-pulse ratio is also changed in the presence of 5b (1 μM). On average we observed a small enhancement of paired-pulse ratio to 106 ± 2.5 % of control value which was not statistically significant (P =0.25; T = 1.22; df = 7; paired Student’s t-test), (not illustrated). Thus, we did not reveal systematic changes of PPR in the presence of tested ASIC blockers. Since changes of PPR are thought to reflect involvement of a presynaptic mechanism in modulation of synaptic transmission [15, 27], these results argue against (though do not totally exclude) involvement of such a mechanism in our experimental conditions.
In spite of the fact that the first evidence indicating the presence of receptor for protons in the nerve cell membrane was obtained a long time ago and tremendous progress in this field has been demonstrated in the subsequent studies [5, 9, 16, 29–32] the physiological role of ASICs is still far from being clear. Their involvement in regulation and plasticity of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus has been demonstrated. Protons are considered to be neurotransmitters regulating synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala . In spite of growing evidence indicating that the density of ASICs is substantially higher in GABAergic interneurons than in glutamatergic cells and recent demonstration of functional crosstalk between ASICs and GABAA-receptors [10, 11], the possible involvement of ASICs in the regulation of GABAergic transmission remained unclear. In our work we present evidence for the first time that ASICs play a functional role at hippocampal GABAergic synapses. This role is mediated, at least partially, by a postsynaptic but (predominantly) modulatory mechanism.
We found that GABAergic postsynaptic currents, recorded below their reversal potential as inward currents, are suppressed by all the employed blockers of ASICs. In the same cells the suppression of postsynaptic currents, recorded above their reversal potential as outward currents was statistically insignificant.
diminazene, amiloride and 5b do not have any effect on the currents evoked by exogenous GABA application (again suggesting involvement of protons in the effect).
Apart from the chemical dissimilarity of amiloride and diminazene, they are structurally different , and mechanisms of their action on ASICs are different as well . Similarly, amiloride and 5b have different mechanisms of action on ASICs . Indeed, 5b is an orthosteric antagonist of ASIC1 while amiloride is an open channel blocker .
Observed in our experiments attenuation of the 5b effect in HEPES 10 solution, suggests involvement of protons in the effect. This suggestion is in line with the lack of effects of diminazene, amiloride and 5b on currents evoked by exogenous GABA. Indeed, according to previous observations amiloride (100 μM) and diminazene (50 μM) do not affect (inward) currents induced by exogenous GABA applications (GABA-responses) . This is also true for 5b: inward GABA-responses were not affected in presence of 1 μM 5b (Additional file 1: Figure S2).
Additionally, we would like to mention that although amioloride is known to be not selective at high concentrations (for instance ), at concentration (25 μM) used in our experiments amiloride was shown to be a potent antagonist, mainly for ASIC receptors. As far as we know, diminazene is rather selective against ASICs within the time scale of our experiments (minutes). It does target DNA , but related consequences of this action shouldn’t be expected within minutes. Indeed, we are not aware of any other than ASICs targets of diminazene, which could be responsible for ‘rapid’ side effects.
Despite an extensive search for other than ASIC targets of 5b, this compound at 1 μM concentration was found only to affect (slightly) NMDA currents (see supporting information for ), which should not be a concern for our experiments because they were performed in the presence of an NMDA receptor blocker (APV) and the NMDA receptor was accordingly already blocked.
Additionally, our results regarding magnitude of effects of 5b (1 μM), amiloride (25 μM) and diminazene (20 μM) on PSCs are in reasonable agreement with expected effects of these blockers on ASIC currents in hippocampal neurons (please see Additional file 1: Figure S3 for the expected effects).
Finally, specificity of the effects of ASIC blockers on GABAergic PSCs is in concert with previously reported results obtained using ASIC1 knockout animals . Indeed, about 20 % decrease of inward GABAergic PSCs was observed in hippocampal neurons from ASIC1 knockout as compared to unmodified animals. While this change was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.27) , the lack of significance may reflect larger variability and lower power of unpaired statistical tests together with small magnitude differences.
Taken together, all these results strongly argue against direct unspecific effect of the three tested ASICs antagonists on GABA receptors/channels and suggest involvement of protons in the effects of the ASICS antagonists on GABAergic PSCs.
It may be reasonably assumed, that if synaptic transmission is affected by a chemical via a purely presynaptic mechanism, similar changes of postsynaptic currents recorded below and above PSC reversal potential, would be expected. We found, however, that while GABAergic PSCs, recorded below their reversal potential as inward currents, are suppressed by all the employed ASIC blockers, in the same cells the suppression of outward currents was statistically insignificant. These results imply that the effects of blockers in our experiments are at least partially postsynaptic. On the other hand, direct involvement of ASICs in PSCs generation documented for lateral amygdala neurons , does not seemingly occur in hippocampal neurons [6, 36]. Our results tend to agree with the latter observations. Indeed, under our experimental conditions, if a substantial fraction of synaptic current is mediated by ASICs, a decrease in the net inward current, and an increase in the net outward current would be expected once ASICs are blocked. While in the presence of ASIC antagonists we did observe a decrease of the inward currents and a small decrease in the outward currents. Lack of substantial direct involvement of ASICs in PSCs generation in our experiments can be also supported by comparing the possible relative contribution of ASIC current to total synaptic current. Based on the results of our experiments with application of bicuculline alone, the relative contribution of ASIC currents to total synaptic current is less than 9 % (8.29 ± 2.24). Our experiments using 5b and suramin suggest an even lower percentage. Indeed, the residual currents were nearly unaffected in presence of 5b (1 μM) but strongly suppressed (to 16.9 ± 4.3 % of control) by suramin at 200 μM concentration. Since suramin (500 μM) does not affect ASIC currents in hippocampal neurons the above results also indicate that relative contribution of ‘synaptic’ ASIC current is much smaller than 9 %. At the same time, the relative magnitude of the effects produced by ASIC blockers on synaptic currents recorded in the absence of bicuculline is about 20-30 %. These results, taken together, strongly support our point that the suppressing effect of the ASICs blockers on GABAergic transmission is due, predominantly to a modulatory mechanism. Additionally, we would like to mention that absolute amplitude of proton-mediated synaptic currents in amygdala is about 7-10 pA . Since the density of proton-activated currents (evoked by pH shift to 5) is ~ 75 pA/pF in amygdala and 20 pA/pF in hippocampus , a much reduced proton-mediated component of synaptic current in the hippocampus may be expected. In our experiments, however, the absolute value of inward synaptic current suppressed by ASIC antagonists is about 40—60 pA. As for the current mediated by ASICs in hippocampal GABAergic synapses, we believe this was undetectable due to its small absolute and relative amplitude.
Functional interaction between ASICs and GABAA-receptors in isolated neurons has been recently demonstrated [10, 11]. Activation of GABAA-receptors strongly changed ASIC-currents amplitude and pharmacological sensitivity , and the effect was blocked by antagonists of GABAA receptors . On the other hand, a modulatory effect of ASIC activation on GABAA-currents was also observed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with GABAA and ASIC1a or in primary cultured DRG neurons. The immunoassays showed that both GABAA and ASIC1a proteins were co-immunoprecipitated mutually either in HEK293 cells co-transfected with GABAA and ASIC1a or in primary cultured DRG neurons . These data suggest direct protein-protein mechanism of interaction between GABAA and ASICs. This suggestion is also indirectly supported by the observation that modulatory effect of GABAA-receptors activation on ASICs-currents can be observed in excised patches . We assume that an interaction between ASICs and GABAA-receptors is quite likely to occur at GABAergic synapses upon acidification at the synaptic cleft. This assumption can be supported by the lack of the apparent effect of 5b on inward PSCS in the presence of bicuculline, observed in our experiments. Indeed, this should be expected if the effect of 5b on inward PSCS in the absence of bicuculline is due to crosstalk between ASICs and GABAA-receptors, because the crosstalk in isolated neurons was blocked by antagonists of GABAA-receptors- receptors bicuculline and picrotoxin .
Within the framework of this assumption, differential effects of the ASICs antagonists on inward and outward PSCs which we observed in our experiments would indicate that this interaction is voltage-dependent. In this regard, possibility to alter GABA-currents decay by changing voltage [37, 38] and activation of ASICs may be not just a coincidence. It is worth noting that feature of voltage-dependence of interaction between receptors is, of itself, not very surprising. Indeed, a physical link between group-I metabotropic glutamate receptors and NMDA receptors results in a functional crosstalk, which is voltage-dependent . Nevertheless we cannot currently exclude a possibility that the modulation of PSCs by ASICs under our experimental conditions depends on the direction of the current, rather than being intrinsically voltage-dependent. This, however, is less likely because in isolated neurons the interaction of ASICs and GABAA receptors does not depend on the direction of the GABA-current .
Thus, we currently suggest that the effects we observed in our experiments are due to functional crosstalk between ASICs and GABAA-receptors reported recently in isolated neurons [10, 11]. Nevertheless, further verification of this suggestion is necessary.
Both, GABA and protons are released by presynaptic GABAergic neurons upon stimulation and diffuse to the postsynaptic membrane. The protons, which are smaller, arrive to the postsynaptic membrane first and: (i) activate ASICS; (ii) modulate GABAA receptors.
The modulatory effect of protons is caused by an interaction of GABAA receptors and ASICs similar to that described in previously published papers.
Both, synaptic currents directly mediated by ASICs and the modulation of GABAA receptors are suppressed by ASIC blockers. We, however, resolve predominantly modulatory effect, as more potent.
We hypothesize that interaction of GABAA and ASICs is voltage-dependent because statistically significant effects of blockers were observed only at more hyperpolarized potentials, at which currents are recorded as inward.
ASICs are abundant in many brain areas and are known to have important physiological functions. However, because of rapid desensitization of ASIC-mediated currents, synapses are among the few places where they can be activated under physiological conditions and, thus, mediate their physiological roles. In this work we demonstrated for the first time that three structurally different ASIC blockers affect GABAergic PSCS in a similar manner, strongly suggesting that ASICs are involved in regulation of GABAegic synaptic transmission under physiological conditions. Considering our results and previously published data, we conclude that the effect of the ASIC blockers on GABAegic synaptic transmission is due to an at least partially postsynaptic but (predominantly) modulatory mechanism. Our results may be of importance for applied pharmacology, because ASICs are considered as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases and ASIC blockers as potential neuroprotectors .
This work was partially supported by grant DFFD F 46.2/001. The authors express their gratitude to Dr. V. Sukach for providing us with compound 5 b and to BioMed Central for waiving their charge for the processing of this manuscript.
They are also grateful to Mr. Chris Smith for his proof-reading of the manuscript.
This research was supported by Ukrainian government and in part by State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine (DFFD grant F 46.2/001).
All supporting data in this work is contained within the manuscript.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MS, EK. Grown cell cultures LN. Performed the experiments: MS, EK. Analyzed the data: MS, EK. Wrote the paper: MS, OK. Conceived and conducted the study: MS, OK. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
All procedures used in this study were approved by the Animal Care Committee of Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and conform to the the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. | 2019-04-18T13:06:45Z | https://molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13041-016-0269-4 |
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They say that Venice is a hauntingly beautiful city. This is very true indeed, but we also found it to be hauntingly expensive! On the train from Pula, we met a lovely young girl, who suggested that we get off at Mestre (which is basically “mainland” Venice), six kilometres from the city centre and have a go at trying to find accomodation there. It is close enough to the main action, but far enough to avoid the prohibitive “island” hotel prices. I should add that we arrived on a Friday, and that there was some type of rock festival on that same weekend, so places were mostly booked out. As I mentioned earlier, that did not deter us, as we were determined to get a glimpse of this famous city, which Alex had never seen before.
Once again, Lady Luck appeared to be on our side. We had armed ourselves, and were awaiting the battle that lay ahead! We were not expecting to find a place quickly nor easily. Once being let off the bus in Mestre, we walked to the information office 50 metres up the road, inside the train station. We could not believe how many people were around, mainly youngsters who had come from all over for the concert. We asked about cheap accomodation and were promptly told that the cheapest option was at a 3-star “budget” hotel close by, which would cost 97 euros per room, including a full buffet breakfast. We were also told us that there were only a few rooms left that were still available. Alex and I looked at each other and promptly accepted! We knew that finding something else at this point would either be impossible, or so time consuming that it would waste enough precious time to write off the day!
It was a short bus ride to the hotel, and we were checked in in no time at all. Was our room worth 97 euros (approximately AUD $160.00)? Absolutely not! But these are the prices here. It was by far the most expensive place we had stayed in since leaving Australia 10 months ago. Although we had missed out on the buffet breakfast that morning, I knew I should not have too much trouble making up for it the next day! Due to the accomodation situation, we had already booked and paid for our train to Florence, which we would leave for the next night. With two full days, we knew we would have a lot of walking to do (so, what’s new?), but we also knew that we would be able to fit in most of the main sights.
By midday, we were on our way to the Venetian city centre. Whilst the area around where we were staying was nothing spectacular, absolutely nothing can take away from the point when you reach that first tiny canal, see the first small bridge and that first cobble-stoned road, or I should say alley-way. Whilst there are neither cars nor motorbikes nor scooters on the islands, there are certainly throngs of people. The Venetians go about their merry way, weaving through what seems like a maze to us, but is really their backyard for them. Despite the masses, each new turn presented another exciting little snippet of life in a city which is built on 117 islands, with some 150 canals and 400 bridges.
Throngs aside, and I do not mean to focus on this, but I really do mean throngs (to qualify this, we catergorically had not seen this many tourists in one place, possibly on our entire trip) we had a whirlwind but fun two days in Venice. It is said that Venice receives some 20 million visitors a year. That is Australia’s entire population!
On that first afternoon, I suggested to Alex that we just wander around and get lost! It really is part of the fun of being in Venice. So, we set off without a fixed agenda! In no time at all we had stopped at a local “salumeria” (basically a place where they sell deli goods, such as ham, prosciutto and cheese), and were buying the ingredients for lunch. A smile swept across my face as I recalled having done this many years before, when I had backpacked Europe alone in my early 20s. Alex’s eyes lit up as the plethora and variety of food loomed in front of him and coaxed him to try it! We both agree, without a doubt, that there is no place on earth with the constant excellent quality of food to be found in Italy. It truly is impossible to find bad food! Regarding the coffee, I would be restating the obvious – it is without a doubt the best in the world!
We were soon sitting on somebody’s doorstep, munching on cheese and sundried tomato (add mortadella and proscitto to Alex’s) pannini, and watching the world go by. And there really is no better place to do this than Venice. If people watching is your thang, and it certainly is ours, it can provide hours of free and fun entertainment. The Italians are, without a doubt, the world’s walking fashion statement! It is a world where looks and style rate above all else. Interesting to observe! Sure, when I was much younger brands seemed to be of utmost importance, but at some point I grew out of it. Here the “older” people wear the likes of Gianni Versace like he only started creating two months ago, and Channel like it only became fashion yesterday……whilst the youngsters wear whatever the catwalks dictated last week! I would like to once again reconfirm that midriff and muffin tops are back, and it does not seem to matter if you are 12 or 50! Beware the “mutton dressed up as lamb” look, which when crossed with a muffin top becomes…..a “mutton top” (you can quote me, Ombretta Zanetti on that one!) Oh, and also, knee high boots with micro minis and shorts are oh so very in……trust me, we’re in Italy!
People, mostly visitors, were buying designer clothes, shoes and bags, like the next day would provide us with the Apocalypse. Alex and I entered the Ferrari store, just to try and get a whif of what the hype was all about. As people flocked to the counters, I checked out various garments, their price and where they were made: T-shirt, made in Bangladesh, 85 euros…….cap, made in Sri Lanka, 35 euros…….baby’s tiny t-shirt, made in China, 60 euros. I had to get out!
We walked up, over and down many, many bridges, and admired the multitude of old and beautiful buildings with their distinctive Renaissance architecture. The Grand Canal is obviously the widest of the canls, and it snakes through the entire city centre, imposing and grand, commanding the city’s attention at all times. Whilst gondolas and their “gondolieri” await and lure tourists, the “traghetti” or ferries come and go, taking people everywhere from Murano (Venice’s famous glass-making island) to Burano (where they make lace) and the Lido (the beach area). Venice is synonomous with hustle and bustle, where simply observing is an activity!
No visit to Venice would be complete without strolling through the majestic Piazza San Marco, which is astoundingly big for a sqaure built on a series of islands. Whilst breathtaking, our Lonely Planet guide hit the nail on the head when it described it as….“filled for much of the day with tourists, pigeons, balloon-vendors and policemen”. The reality check is that we are part of those tourists! The piece de resistance is the Basilica di San Marco, an enormous structure that was supposedly built to house the remains of St Mark. Regardless of whether you are into religion, architecture or history, it is a must see, as both the exterior as well as interior embellishments are spectacular. The square really does embody overseas romantic travel, and even I could not help but slip Alex a little kiss or two!
To describe Venice’s churches, both inside and out, would be impossible, as there are so many, most of which are spectacular. As we walked around we viewed and popped into many. I repeat, the architectural design and style, is a sight to behold. Italy was the seat of the Renaissance, and those who had designed and created these places of worship had done a brilliant job of providing future generations with some memorable eye candy! Nothing can really take away from their splendour!
We also visited some of Venice’s most famous sites, such as the Galleria Dell’Academia and the Peggy Guggenheim Museum of Modern Art. The former is set in one of Venice’s most impressive and grand Gothic palaces, and traces Venetian art from the 14th to the 18th centuries. As you wander through, it is not so much the paintings that you admire as much as the very famous Renaissance artists who painted them, such as Titian, Carpaccio and Tintoretto. You cannot help but lose yourself in the past, and wonder what life in this world was really like. The Renaissance played an extremely important part in the history of the world, and I wondered what it must have been like to have lived, worked and created in such a special and important age! The latter (www.guggenheim-venice.it) was a modern art museum. It is probably of no news to most of you that neither Alex nor I are particular afficionados of modern art, but my ears always prick up when I hear the name Salvador Dali, and this museum houses a number of his works, as well as some of Picasso’s. Both of these men worked with the surrealist genre. What attracts me to this genre, is that it works with people and the mind. It is about psyche and what people think. Voila! It makes sense that I would be thus interested!
Although we declined one of the steeply priced gondola rides (which I am sure would have been romantic, despite the fact that I am not really a romantic!), and avoided the stereotypical tunes to the likes of “ La Donna e Mobile” , we did opt for a squashy ride on a ferry, which provided some lovely views of the grandiose gothic palaces along one of the smaller canals. As I closed my eyes, I immagined that Alex and I were alone….and I could almost hear that tune!
Venice had been short but sweet! I was really looking forward to Florence, our next destination, as I would be seeing my Florentine friend Irma again after some 10 years.
“Let us not be ashamed of shabby clothes and shoddy furniture, but ashamed of shabby ideals and shoddy philosophies” – Albert Einstein (It might be one of Albert´s quotes, but it is oft used by one of my best friends, Lizzie Leveridge).
In no time at all we were at the appropriate train station, meeting the people who we would be sharing a ride with. Ananda was originally from Sri Lanka, and Mona from India. They were both living in Vienna now, and were off to Padua, Italy for a couple of days. We had organised to be dropped off in Udine, and then whilst they would continue on to their final destination, we would somehow make our way to Trieste. We would find a away! They were really lovely people, and our trip was pleasant. Needless to say, the views of the surrounding countryside as we passed through the Dolomite mountain range was breathtaking. I am not really a snow and cold weather fan, but I could not help but think how truly spectacular this must all look in winter! As we passed the border into Italy, we admired the various and tiny villages dotted around, and nestled at the foot of the mountains. Despite having been to Italy a few times before, this is an area I had never seen, and like all things different and new, there is always that feeling of enchantment. Besides, this part of the world does indeed look like it came out of a fairytale.
Before we knew it, we were in Udine. We had asked Ananda and Mona to drop us off at the train station, where we figured we could get a local train to Trieste. It was as good as done! We thanked them both, and in no time had organised a train. Whilst waiting, we met a lovely local family, also going to Trieste to do some shopping: Marisa and her children Marta and Fabio. As we chatted, I realised that my Italian was a little rusty, and rather infiltrated with Spanish. I was sure that it should not take me too long before I was able to think in Italian and thus speak at the normal velocity with which I speak both my mother tongue and Spanish. After all, I was in Italy, and you know what they say about practice makes perfect!
On our arrival in Trieste, Marisa asked us if we would like to come along with them to have what they beleived was the best gelati in Trieste. Alex whipped out a yes before I could say Bob’s your uncle! So, backpack and all, we made our way to Gelateria Zampolli, where we were offered a gelati. Alex went for the gelati, but I was much keener to have a coffee. Whist Alex’s eyes did a few back flips, as the gelati touched his palate, I found utopia the instant the first drop of expresso touched my lips! I had waited almost 10 months for this. Italian coffee is reknowned for being the best in the world, and I had not been let down! The problem with the coffee being THIS good however (as many of you who have been to Italy before would know), is that you spend the rest of your life comparing (and complaining about) the many and subsequent cups that simply do not cut it. So, I simply revelled in the moment, which was, without a doubt an OMG (Oh My God) one! As my Dad would say, I was as as happy as a pig in sh……..oops, mud!
Next, we had to look for a place to stay, of course. I could tell that it was not going to be as easy, or as cheap, as Central America. Another day, a different challenge! Firstly it is much more organised and the actual range seemed to be less than we were used to. Our first port of call was the Tourist Information Office, where we rapidly learned that our nights of $10.00 accommodation were well and truly over! Cheap in Trieste was a 45 euro room! And I do mean cheap, as most of the other rooms were in excess of 60 euros (1 euro is approximately AUD $1.60). So, 45 euros is what we paid at a place called Bed and Breakfast Lorenzo, with breakfast included, in theory. It was a clean and comfortable place, albeit with a meager and skeletal breakfast.
Our main reason for visiting Trieste was to see Nadia, so we called her up and organised to go and visit her and her husband, Arrigo, the next day, which was a Sunday. They live right in the heart of the city, only streets away from where we were staying. We spent a really lovely day together, reminiscing about old times. This is actually the third time in my life that I have seen Nadia, whilst the last time Dad did was when he left Italy all those years ago! We spent several hours chatting about our travels, life in Australia as well as Nadia telling us stories about my Dad, and how Pola (Dad’s birthplace), was in the old days. Whilst I have been to my mother’s birthplace, near Naples, I had never been to Dad’s. This is also on my to do list on this trip. Knowing your origins and ancestry, I beleive is both important and fascinating. It was, for me, yet another mission that needed to be fulfilled and accomplished!
We spent a further day in Trieste, as its postion in the Meditteranean, nestled between the turquoise Adriatic sea and the hills is very beautiful, and warrants at least a day of sightseeing. We were not wanting to rush, but we were also aware, that due to many reasons, we would have to fly out of Rome on the 30th of June, and there were still other palces to visit and things to see. Antique gothic and baroque buildings, an enchanting waterfront promen ade, ancient Roman ruins, the Piazza Unita (Trieste’s heart and also one of the largest squares in Europe directly facing the sea), Miramare Castle and people watching certainly kept us both fascinated and entertained.
Ah, people watching……..one of my favourite pastimes! Italians are indeed fascinating to watch! And the world over knows that to many, fashion and the clothes they wear are almost, if not more important than the coffee they drink! And I could not help but think about how happy I was not only be Australian and live in a culture which is not so obsessed with this, but on a personal level to not feel that designer clothes, make-up and hair maketh the person Ombretta Zanetti!
Our couple of days in Trieste had been and gone rather quickly, but I was excited, as our next destination would be Pola, or Pula as it is now known, as it is part of Croatia.
NOTE: I think it´s official! If what we saw in Trieste was anything to go by anyway…. Muffin Tops are back! Well, In Italy anyway! I mean, they ARE infront of us in the fashion stakes! Kath and Kim would have loved it, and Sarah Lee would have been proud, as we saw many style-mongers with layer upper layer!! Do you know that Australia’s Macquarie Dictionary named “muffin top” the word of the year in 2006. Thanks Kath and Kimmy, you put our country on the map! And thanks to you too Australia, you have given us so much to be proud about!
¨Minds are like parachutes. They only function when they are open¨- Sir James Dewar, Scientist (1877-1925).
(Photos: 1.- Driving to Udine, the Dolomite Mountain Ranges, Italy. 2.- With Mona & Ananda when we were dropped off in Udine, Italy. 3.- At Gelateria Zampolli, with Lto R: Ombi, Marta, Fabio & Marisa. 4.- In the heart of Trieste, near the waterfront, Italy. 5.- With Nadia, Dad´s godmother, and her husband Arrigo. 6.- Reading by the waterfront, Trieste, Italy. | 2019-04-23T02:09:05Z | https://veryitchyfeet.com/category/europe/italy |
Subsets and Splits