instruction
stringlengths 11
3.5k
| context
stringlengths 15
23.5k
| response
stringlengths 2
26k
|
|---|---|---|
Which cryptography libraries support SHA-2? | Below is a list of cryptography libraries that support SHA-2:
Botan
Bouncy Castle
Cryptlib
Crypto++
Libgcrypt
Mbed TLS
libsodium
Nettle
LibreSSL
OpenSSL
GnuTLS
wolfSSL
Hardware acceleration is provided by the following processor extensions:
Intel SHA extensions: Available on some Intel and AMD x86 processors.
VIA PadLock
ARMv8 Cryptography Extensions
IBM z/Architecture: Available since 2005 as part of the Message-Security-Assist Extensions 1 (SHA-256) and 2 (SHA-512)
IBM Power ISA since Since v 2.07 | Libraries that support SHA-2:
Botan
Bouncy Castle
Cryptlib
Crypto++
Libgcrypt
Mbed TLS
libsodium
Nettle
LibreSSL
OpenSSL
GnuTLS
wolfSSL |
Based on this passage, why is Chris Kuroda's nickname CK5? | Chris Kuroda, who has been Phish's lighting director since 1989, creates elaborate light displays during the band's concerts that are sometimes improvised in a similar fashion to their music. Justin Taylor of The Baffler wrote, "You could hate this music with every fiber of your being and still be ready to give Chris Kuroda a MacArthur "genius" grant for what he achieves with his light rig." Kuroda is often referred to by fans as the unofficial fifth member of the band, and has been given the nickname "CK5". | Chris Kuroda's nickname, CK5, adds the number 5 to his initial. That is because his improvised light shows during Phish concerts give him a role comparable to a fifth member of the band. |
What name is Beijing also known by? | Beijing (/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/ bay-JING; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng; Mandarin pronunciation: [pèɪ.tɕíŋ] (listen)), alternatively romanized as Peking (/piːˈkɪŋ/ pee-KING), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. With over 21 million residents, Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city and is China's second largest city after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China. | Běijīng is alternatively romanized as Peking and is the capital of the People's Republic of China |
What's the main benefits of a Subaru Forester Wilderness? | Alongside the facelift model, Subaru released a new model called the Forester Wilderness for the North American market. It is intended to be a more off-road-oriented version of the Forester, and is positioned between the Limited and Touring trim levels in the Forester lineup. Visually, the Forester has more body cladding, and on the inside, copper-colored accents. It features a 0.5 inches (13 mm) lift for a total of 9.2 inches (230 mm) of ground clearance, the Wilderness also has all-terrain tires, a modified final drive ratio, and a stronger roof rack than previous models. Subaru's StarTex water-repellent seats are also standard.
The Wilderness is powered by the same 2.5-liter FB25D naturally-aspirated four cylinder engine powering other North American market Foresters. The Wilderness uses an Enhanced Dual-Function X-Mode version. The X-Mode is upgraded and re-tuned, with settings for snow, dirt, deep snow and mud. Additional wheel-slip is allowed to occur, which provides an advantage in harsh driving conditions. | The Forester Wilderness provides 0.5 inches (13 mm) lift that increases ground clearance to 9.2 inches (230mm).
The vehicle comes with all-terrain tires, modified final drive ratio, stronger roof rack, and water-repellent seats.
The engine size is the same, but it includes an enhanced dual-function x-mode with additional wheel-slip allowance to handle harsh driving conditions in snow, dirt, deep snow, and mud. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Celtic midfielder Kris Commons believes they can go from strength to strength after winning the first trophy of Ronny Deila's reign. Deila is on course to become only the third Celtic manager to win a domestic treble, after Jock Stein and Martin O'Neill, following his side's League Cup triumph on Sunday. That added a new medal to Commons' cabinet but the playmaker is not about to rest on his laurels ahead of the William Hill Scottish Cup quarter-final replay against Dundee United at Parkhead. Kris Commons put Celtic ahead on the half hour mark with his 11th goal of the season in all competitions . Commons is congratulated by his team-mates having put the Scottish Premiership leaders in front . Commons says his side will continue to grow under Ronny Deila after winning their first trophy . The 31-year-old appeared likely to leave the club in January as former Celtic manager Neil Lennon targeted him for a move to Bolton but the former Scotland international went on to sign a two-year contract before netting the opener against United at Hampden on Sunday. And he is fully embracing Deila's quest to improve his team and players. Commons said: 'I think we're a better team than last season. On paper we set really high standards with the clean sheet record, goals scored and points tally. I think this time last season the league was done and dusted. It's hard to say we are a better team but I feel like we are in a better place. 'We've not reached the top. It's not like we've conquered it and that's where we need to be, we will still be looking to make improvements and progress year-in, year-out. 'If we do win the treble we will be looking to do it again next year and the year after then add Champions League group stages and try to get last-16. Celtic boss Deila enters the dressing room with a smile on his face after winning the Scottish League Cup . Deila says he is finally beginning to enjoy life at Celtic after a slow start, now he has lifted his first trophy . 'You've got to keep striving for greatness. If you think you've reached the top and stand still that's when you start going backwards.' Commons, who admitted his own season had been a 'rollercoaster', added: 'When a new manager comes in, it's very difficult to make it seamless. He is a different nationality, we had a few new players and we weren't achieving the style of play he wanted. Changes take time and now we are seeing the benefits.' Commons' words were music to Deila's ears as the Norwegian continues to wipe out early impressions of him following Celtic's poor Champions League qualifying campaign. 'I think we have progressed a lot in the things I want to bring into the culture and how we want to work,' he said. 'I'm starting to really enjoy it. In the beginning it's enough to be there, you don't know where to start. Now it's settled, everybody knows their role and what's expected, and now we have to work better than we have done before. 'There is so much to go but that will never stop. But we have done a good job so far and we just have to keep working in the same way, and I think we will get even better results. The Celtic players celebrate on the podium with the Scottish League Cup after beating Dundee United 2-0 . 'When you are at a club like Celtic, the pressure is so unbelievably high so everybody in the club is always thinking about results. And that's the wrong way of thinking in my opinion, but it's very hard not to do it. 'So everything has been an environment that's all about results, then you don't get any creativity because you are so afraid to do something different. To get that culture of development, to get people to get into what to do every day and try to improve things, that has been the biggest challenge for me. 'Winning and developing, individually and as a team, I think we are getting that message across. People understand that we want to get the best out of them and the players are getting very interested in doing the things to improve themselves. Deila hopes to become the third Celtic manager to achieve a domestic treble after his first triumph . Goalscorers James Forrest and Commons pose with the Scottish League Cup final trophy in front of the fans . 'It's all about tempo. They are much lighter, as a team we have dropped 50 kilos in six months. That's a lot. Things are getting quicker and sharper in training. It's not only a physical thing, it's also a tactical thing that you have to work in the intensity you want to play, maybe higher.' Deila is not about to make major changes to freshen things up in the third of their four consecutive matches against United. 'If you are good at something you have to continue doing what you are good at, not start doing something else,' he said. 'We want to build on what we are good at and do that even better. I'm not into surprising opponents so much. I want them to fear us for what we are - they know what's coming and don't know how to handle it. That's our goal in the future.' | Kris Commons scored first goal in the League Cup final . Celtic on course for a domestic treble after slow start under Ronny Deila . Commons and Deila both confident that team are making good progress . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Rafael Nadal will make his first appearance at London's Queen's Club in four years this summer as the main part of his Wimbledon preparation. The world No 3 has opted for the Aegon Championships over the rival event in Halle, Germany, as he seeks to rediscover his best form on grass. Nadal's best years at SW19, including his two titles in 2008 and 2010, have come when he has done the bulk of his preparation in the capital. Rafael Nadal will return to the Queen's Club this summer for the first time in four years . Nadal poses with the Queen's Club trophy in the locker room after winning the tournament in 2008 . It is also different this summer in that there is a three-week gap between Roland Garros and Wimbledon, therefore allowing him a week's rest after his usual run to the finals weekend in Paris. Nadal said: 'I always loved playing at The Queen’s Club and I am very happy that I will be back this year. 'It was a great experience for me to lift the trophy in 2008 because it is such an important and traditional tournament. To win Wimbledon a few weeks later was like a dream. Nadal ends up on his back during a match against Radek Stepanek at Queen's in 2011 . Nadal bites the Wimbledon trophy after winning the Championships for the second time in 2010 . 'Coming to the Aegon Championships helps with the adjustment from clay to grass because the grass courts at Queen’s are so good. 'It is also a tournament where the people are very nice - the organisers and of course the spectators who always make me feel very welcome in London.' Andy Murray will be his main rival for the title. Murray is back in his second home for the Miami Open this week, where Heather Watson and Kyle Edmund will also feature in the main draw. Third seed Murray has been given a first-round bye and will face Donald Young or Yen-Hsun Lu in the second round, while Watson and Edmund both face qualifiers in their respective openers. Andy Murray (right) shakes hands with world No 1 Novak Djokovic after the Indian Wells semi-final . | Rafael Nadal will play in the Aegon Championships at Queen's Club in June . The Spanish world No 3 last played at Queen's in 2011 . There is now a three-week gap between Roland Garros and Wimbledon . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Hillary Clinton held a closed door meeting with President Barack Obama at the White House on Monday. Although the former secretary of state, senator and first lady has not declared, it is treated as a foregone conclusion that Clinton is running for president. Likely to launch her campaign in April, Clinton is regarded as the front-runner — if not the only Democratic candidate — and the inevitable Democratic nominee. There is an assumption that since Clinton supported Obama, the black community will now embrace her. But there are more than a few who didn't get that memo. At this stage of the game, many African-Americans may not be excited about a candidate Hillary Clinton in 2016. And after two terms of the nation's first black president, she should proceed with caution. Clinton need look no further than the 2008 contest, when black voters doused water on her presidential prospects. Early on, Clinton was the favorite of black folks, lest you forgot, and it did not hurt that President Clinton had been regarded as the "first black president" with high approval among African-Americans. Then, support for a senator named Barack Obama blew up after the Iowa caucuses. And Clinton found herself apologizing for her husband's comments about Obama's win in the South Carolina primary. President Clinton was relieved of his black card privileges for the remainder of the 2008 election season when he compared Obama's win in the Palmetto state to that of Jesse Jackson in 2004 and 2008, suggesting that Obama, like Jackson, would not win. The misstep was an affront to many African-Americans, as were Hillary Clinton's suggestions on the campaign trail that Obama was only good for making speeches, but not for taking action. And let's not forget her assertions that she was the candidate for "hard-working Americans, white Americans." We can chalk up some of that rhetoric to spirited campaign-trail junk-talking, and obviously much has happened since the 2008 election. President Obama made Clinton his secretary of state, and she served as a capable top diplomat and a loyal member of the Obama Cabinet. But that does not mean black voters will completely forget the bitter, racially tinged presidential campaign politics of seven years ago. Black voters are among the most loyal of the Democratic Party base, and their record high turnout for Obama was an important part of his victory. However, with a charismatic Obama no longer on the ballot, maintaining the same level of enthusiasm for any other candidate is a challenge. theGrio.com: Blacks are treated 72% as well as whites . Moreover, as for Clinton, who (understandably?) has her own ideas and may not agree with the President on certain issues, any criticism of Obama could cost her some black voters. Remember that Clinton voted in favor of the unpopular, costly and deadly Iraq war. That support cost Clinton in 2008. And while she has remained silent on the recent re-election of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Clinton's strongly pro-Israel stance on Mideast peace now appears at odds with the emerging consensus among major groups in the Democratic base, including blacks, Latinos and young voters. However, it is likely that foreign policy will not pose as great a challenge to Hillary Clinton as economics. Because she is tied to the Wall Street wing of her party and commands sky-high speaking fees, people may take a closer look at her approach to tackling inequality and the shrinking of the middle class, and whether she is too concerned about offending the wealthy. The nation is hurting, despite the economic turnaround, and this is felt particularly strongly among blacks, who still have high unemployment rates, a rising wealth gap compared to whites, and, for many, no recovery in sight. And while police shootings of young black men continue to stir outrage in the community, Clinton has remained relatively quiet on the subject. She will have to prove that she can identify with this frustration and offer ideas for reform in local law enforcement. This, rather than her email account, is what concerns the black electorate. theGrio.com: Let's stop the 'struggle equation' Perhaps a populist, more down-to-earth challenger such as Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren or former Virginia Sen. Jim Webb could appeal to black and working-class voters, and unlike Clinton, would not have to fight the perception of living in a protective security bubble, or lacking core beliefs other than being in power. It is safe to assume that if Clinton wins the Democratic nomination that she will ultimately win the majority black vote in the general election, but that may not be enough. Let's remember President George W. Bush won re-election in 2004 with just 11% of the black vote. Had Mitt Romney been able to duplicate that number of black votes, he would be president now. Obama won in no small part because blacks turned out for him in record numbers in 2012, particularly in swing states like Ohio. Clinton can't assume she'll inherit that same level of black voter enthusiasm. Support for Barack Obama does not necessarily translate into support for another Democrat. This means Clinton must fight for votes like anyone else: knock on doors, kiss babies, clap off beat at the AME church, and do whatever it takes. | David Love: The former secretary of state would need to woo African-American voters to turn out in big numbers for 2016 . Memories of the bitter 2008 battle with Barack Obama still linger, he writes . |
Given the following paragraph, how tall is the Leaning Tower of Pisa? | The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: torre pendente di Pisa), or simply, the Tower of Pisa (torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza; ˈpiːsa]), is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is one of three structures in the Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), which includes the cathedral and Pisa Baptistry.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. | The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ajax manager Frank de Boer wants to emulate the way Arsenal play as the Dutch club bid to reach the Europa League quarter-finals. De Boer was impressed by Arsenal's performance in the 2-0 Champions League win against Monaco on Tuesday night - though the Gunners were knocked out on away goals - and wants Ajax to follow suit. De Boer said: 'The way they played against Monaco is the way we would like to play as well. High pressure, get the ball back very quickly. I really love the way Arsenal play. When I look at their goals, it sometimes looks like futsal. Passing, moving and always at a high tempo.' Ajax manager Frank de Boer gestures to his players during a training session in Amsterdam on Wednesday . Ajax trio Davy Klaasen (left), Nicolai Boilesen (centre) and Thulani Serero take part in training . De Boer (right) and Joel Veltman speak to the media during a pre-match press conference on Wednesday . Ajax are hoping to avoid an end to their European run as they take on Dnipro at the Amsterdam Arena on Thursday, with the Ukrainian club currently holding a 1-0 aggregate lead. De Boer said: 'I expect Dnipro to sit back and wait for us to attack. You could see that in the first match as well. We have to be patient, we can't afford to make mistakes. 'I hope this is not the "game of the year" for us, because I want to go through and play in another "game of the year".' Boilesen (second right) and Nick Viergever (right) look to be having fun during Ajax training . Oliver Giroud (right) controls the ball before scoring Arsenal's first in Wednesday's 2-0 win against Monaco . Dnipro players train at the Amersterdam Arena ahead of Thursday's Europa League clash . A 1-0 victory for Ajax after extra time would see the match go to penalties and De Boer has had his players practising penalties in training. He said: 'We've practised penalties. From the 19 we took, we only missed about three or four. Jasper Cillessen saved two and one or two went over the bar. 'You can always train the way you kick the ball, but it's hard to simulate the atmosphere. When you saw Bayer Leverkusen last night, it looked like they didn't know that they had to take a penalty.' | Ajax manager Frank de Boer wants to emulate Arsenal's playing style . Arsenal beat Monaco 2-0 in the UEFA Champions League on Tuesday night but were knocked out of the last 16 on away goals . Ajax bid to overturn a 1-0 deficit against Dnipro in the UEFA Europa League . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Even if all it amounts to is a handful of visits to England's training camp to spend a few hours observing the players and offering some pointers, the prospect of Jonny Wilkinson being involved with the national team is an enticing one. Nothing is certain at this stage, but it is not out of the question that the iconic fly-half will agree to give his input as Stuart Lancaster's squad prepare for the World Cup. If the 35-year-old hero of the 2003 triumph does take on a role of sorts — and that would appear to be a big if — it wouldn't be as a coach and it might not even amount to a consultancy, certainly not on a regular basis. Jonny Wilkinson could lend his expertise to England's 2015 rugby World Cup preperations . Wilkinson, who was a fly-half, kicked the winning drop goal to lead England to World Cup glory in 2003 . Wilkinson has been getting involved with rugby coaching and could aid England's World Cup preparations . England coach Stuart Lancaster would not ignore the opportunity to use Wilkinson's know-how . But most England supporters would settle for Wilkinson popping into the HQ in Surrey on his way to the supermarket, if there was any chance of some of that stardust and winner's mentality rubbing off on the class of 2015. It is all about the aura. Here is a man who was once the nation's sporting darling, while in rugby circles he is treated with a mixture of respect and awe. In the south of France, where he worked wonders for Toulon in the closing years of his career, he is adored. When false rumours surfaced at the start of the year that he was destined for a knighthood, they were assumed to be correct. Such an honour would have surprised no one. The current generation of England players grew up admiring his epic deeds. The fly-halves in particular — George Ford, Owen Farrell and Danny Cipriani — could learn so much from the maestro. Stuart Lancaster has an established coaching group and there are no plans to expand it, for now. At present, Mike Catt works with the kickers in camp, while another RFU coach, Jon Callard, has also spent time with them, though less so recently. Ford has private sessions with Wilkinson's kicking mentor, the renowned Dave Alred, who has not had a role in the national set-up since the last World Cup. But any chance to tap into the know-how of one of the country's all-time greats, with his legendary work ethic and meticulous approach, would not be casually ignored by Lancaster. Wilkinson has spoken of his interest in the option of working as a specialist coach or tutor, and has done so part-time with Toulon this season. Wilkinson (centre) is revered in Toulon, where he spent the final years of his career as a player . Lancaster already has one 2003 World Cup winner in his coaching ranks in Mike Catt (centre) Wilkinson's input could help England's current fly-halfs such as George Ford . Danny Cipriani (left) and Owen Farrell are England's other alternatives at fly-half . For all his personal accomplishments, he is wise enough to accept that playing pedigree does not necessarily translate into coaching credentials. Talking last autumn, after being invited into England's camp, he said: 'If there is anything I can add, then we can have a little chat, but more importantly I need to learn my trade. I was a player, but just because I knew how to play doesn't mean I've earned the right to tell other people how to do it. 'I'm coaching one week every month in Toulon, learning my way around it. I'm coaching individual skills, mentoring some of the young guys on how to cope with the emotional and mental side of things. I'm really enjoying it, but the biggest mistake you can make is thinking just because you played the game, you already know it.' As a recent retiree who keeps himself supremely fit, Wilkinson could comfortably take on an active role, demonstrating the points he makes. In fact, it would not be a leap of the mind to imagine him matching England's current kickers shot for shot in extended practice sessions. While there is scope to improve the kicking game, both at goal and tactical, Wilkinson is a big admirer of the men currently country's vying for his old shirt. Wilkinson (left) acknowledges that success as a player offers no guarantees to becoming a skilled coach . Lancaster (left) and his England side narrowly missed out on Six Nations glory on Saturday . Wilkinson speaks highly of the abilities of England's current fly-halfs, especially Ford and Farrell . 'George Ford is a fabulous player who produces some amazing touches and is an absolute natural in the way he reads the game,' he said. 'He works hard, wants to improve and as a young guy he is happy to take on responsibility and shows he can deal with it. That makes him a great person to have in that position. 'Owen Farrell is immensely mentally tough and deserves a hell of a lot more credit than he has been getting for what he has done in the last few years. As a young guy, he has said, 'Here is pressure, I will deal with it. Not only that, I will kick your goals for you and stand up in defence and bring this team together'. That is brilliant.' That talented pair would speak highly of their acclaimed predecessor too. It could be a perfect fit. England have the biggest representation on a 12-strong list for the RBS 6 Nations player of the tournament. Jonathan Joseph, George Ford, Ben Youngs and Billy Vunipola feature alongside Ireland's Paul O'Connell, Robbie Henshaw and Conor Murray, Welshmen Alun Wyn Jones and Dan Biggar, Scots Stuart Hogg and Jonny Gray, and Italy captain Sergio Parisse. | Jonny Wilkinson could help England's 2015 World Cup preparations . Wilkinson has been learning to coach part-time with Toulon this season . Wilkinson was a World Cup winner with England in 2003 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An Islamic extremist was paraded in court today after an American blogger was hacked to death with a machete in the middle of the street in Bangladesh. Farabi Shafiur Rahman wore a stern look and stared straight ahead as he was escorted through the street by police officers in the capital Dhaka today. The fundamentalist blogger was arrested after at least two men killed Avijit Roy on his way back from a book fair, apparently targeting him because of his opposition to religious extremism. Rahman was remanded in custody for ten days for questioning. The U.S. is sending a team of federal investigators to Bangladesh to help probe the murder of the author of bestseller The Virus of Faith, who was visiting the city where he was born. Scroll down for video . WARNING GRAPHIC CONTENT . Paraded: Suspect Farabi Shafiur Rahman was escorted into court by police in Bangladesh today . Murder: Islamic fundamentalist Rahman had previously sent death threats to Avijit Roy, it was reported . Assistance: Police have ten days to question Rahman and will be joined by FBI investigators from the U.S. The 43-year-old's family has accused Bangladeshi authorities of failing to do enough to protect him after he received death threats for his anti-religious writing. A Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) team will arrive in Dhaka later this week, Dhaka Metropolitan Police spokesman Monirul Islam said. 'He has confessed that he threatened Avijit Roy... Intense interrogation of Farabi could lead to important clues,' the police spokesman added. 'Initial information indicates this was done by extremist religious group.' Roy, the founder of the Mukto-Mona (free mind) blog, was born in Bangladesh to a family of scholars but moved to Atlanta, Georgia, around 15 years ago. He and his blogger wife Rafida Ahmed, who was also badly injured in the attack, were hauled off their rickshaw by two assailants in the attack. He was on his way back from a university book fair in Bangladesh when he was targeted on Thursday by at least two men over his opposition to religious extremism. They sliced his head with the long blades before turning on his wife, Rafida Ahmed, and cutting her finger off when she tried to save him. Islamic extremist Farabi Shafiur Rahman (centre) has been arrested and paraded before the media after last week's murder of American blogger Avijit Roy. Mr Roy was hacked to death with a machete in the middle of the street on Thursday . Mr Roy with his wife Rafida Ahmed on holiday together at the Grand Canyon. She remains in hospital in a serious condition after she suffered head injuries and lost a finger in the attack . A source in the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) said that an elite force had seen correspondence between former physics student Farabi and another person about killing Mr Roy. Mufti Mahmud, a spokesman for the RAB, said: 'On different occasions, he exchanged [Roy’s] location, his identity and his family’s photographs with various people. 'He wrote: "Avijit Roy lives in America. So it’s not possible to kill him at this moment. But when he’ll return to the country, he’ll be murdered."' Police added that Mr Roy's family had been threatened by the extremist, who is known for his Facebook postings against atheist writers, on several occasions on Facebook and Twitter. Farabi posted on Facebook last year: 'It's a holy duty of Bangalee Muslims to kill Avijit.' Major Maksudul Alam, another spokesman, said: 'He is the main suspect. [Roy’s] family told us that he got threats from Farabi several times. Commander Mufti Mahmud Khan added: 'Farabi has admitted that he threatened Avijit but we are not sharing more information with you for the sake of the investigation. We need to ask him more.' Farabi was previously arrested over the murder of another blogger, Ahmed Rajib Haide, in February 2013 but was released on bail. The arrest came a day after hundreds of mourners gathered around the blogger's coffin near Dhaka University to pay their respects. Ms Ahmed remained in hospital in a serious condition. Shahriar Kabir, a writer, said at the memorial: 'Free thinking in Bangladesh is become a great danger, all the free thinkers are at great risk. The scene immediately following the attack on the couple shows Ms Ahmed covered in blood. An obscure militant group, Ansar Bangla 7, claimed responsibility for the attack it said was in retaliation for his 'crime against Islam' Ms Ahmed lying on a stretcher after the brutal attack. She is still recovering in hospital . A source in the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) said the elite force had seen correspondence between Farabi (centre) and another person about killing Mr Roy . A RAB spokesman confirmed that Farabi (centre) is the main suspect and said that Mr Roy's family had been threatened by the extremist on several occasions . Mr Roy's family said Islamist radicals, like Farabi (centre), had threatened him over his blog, 'Mukto-mona,' or 'Freemind,' that highlighted humanist and rationalist ideas and condemned religious extremism . 'We want to know why the government failed to ensure the safety of him, despite knowing that he had been facing threats from the Islamist radicals.' As Mr Roy's father stood by, Kamal Hossain, the architect of Bangladesh's secular constitution, called the killing 'a heinous murder'. 'My question is, why did it take place?' said Mr Hossain. 'Avijit was killed because of his writing. By killing him, the killers have torn apart our constitution.' People also held a demonstration at the spot where he was killed and chanted slogans demanding 'immediate arrest and quick trial of the perpetrator'. The murder of Mr Roy, an atheist who advocated secularism in Bangladesh, came amid a crackdown on the country's Islamist groups after they increased their activities in recent years. Friends and relatives of Mr Roy sob as mourners came to pay respects to the writer on Sunday, whose murder came amid a crackdown on Bangladesh's resurgent Islamist groups . Mr Roy's father Ajoy Roy, seated right, is comforted by fellow mourners at his son's funeral on Sunday . The naturalised U.S. citizen, who was a bio-engineer as well as a blogger, had been receiving death threats online for years. Mr Roy and his wife have a daughter at university in the US. Ajoy Roy stood alongside his son's coffin as mourners filed past. He reiterated that Islamist militants were responsible for his son's death, but also blamed the government for failing to protect him despite repeated threats on his life. 'I am speechless at this moment of mourning. When the fundamentalists threatened, I informed the Inspector General of Police and Deputy Inspector General of Police,' he said. 'This murder has proved their utter failure.' An obscure militant group, Ansar Bangla 7, claimed responsibility for the attack, which it said was in retaliation for his 'crime against Islam'. The extremists also said he was singled out because he is a U.S. citizen - and characterized the vicious killing as 'revenge' for attacks on ISIS in Syria. Orange and red flowers are laid on the coffin of Mr Roy as hundreds gather to pay their respects . Police have expressed shock that extremists struck at a university book fair, which was heavily guarded. Witnesses have even said officers and bystanders were there during the murder - but did nothing. U.S. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki called it 'a shocking act of violence' that was 'horrific in its brutality and cowardice'. Jodie Ginsberg, chief executive of free speech campaign group Index on Censorship said: 'Our sympathies are with the family of Avijit Roy. 'Roy was targeted simply for expressing his own beliefs and we are appalled by his death and condemn all such killings.' Mr Roy was a family man and is pictured above with his wife in a photo believed to show their daughter, right, a student at a US college . In 2013, religious extremists targeted several secular bloggers who had demanded capital punishment for Islamist leaders convicted of war crimes during Bangladesh's war for independence. Blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider was killed that year in a similar attack near his home in Dhaka after he led one such protest demanding capital punishment. In 2004, Humayun Azad, a secular writer and professor at Dhaka University, was also attacked by militants while returning home from a Dhaka book fair. He later died in Germany while undergoing treatment. Media group Reporters Without Borders rated Bangladesh 146th among 180 countries in a ranking of press freedom last year. | Farabi Shafiur Rahman appeared in court today in Dhaka, Bangladesh . He was arrested after Avijit Roy hacked to death with machete in street . Fundamentalist blogger 'wrote Roy would be murdered on Facebook' Hundreds of mourners gathered on Sunday to pay their respects . Mr Roy's wife in a serious condition after trying to save her husband . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The sight of John Terry lifting the Capital One Cup trophy aloft will spur Harry Kane on, although the Tottenham striker admitted that defeat on Sunday was 'the worst feeling in the world'. The 21-year-old striker was kept quiet by Chelsea at Wembley as Jose Mourinho won his first piece of silverware during a second stint in charge of the Blues. Terry opened the scoring before half-time and Kyle Walker put through his own net just before the break on an afternoon Tottenham were second best throughout. Harry Kane said losing the Capital One Cup final was 'the worst feeling in the world' The Tottenham striker wants the vision of John Terry lifting the trophy to spur him on in future . But, while Kane was down about the result, he believes Spurs have set themselves up for many more finals in the future. 'It's the worst feeling in the world losing, and losing in a final on the big stage even worse,' Kane told SpursTV. 'When you see Chelsea lift that trophy at the end it gives you that fire in your belly. 'It's disappointing - the lads gave it everything and I thought we played well. Kane down on his haunches as the Premier League leaders celebrate at the final whistle . 'In these big games you don't always get the luck you need and I felt Chelsea did with a couple of deflected goals which on another day wouldn't go in.' Mauricio Pochettino has taken huge credit for rapidly turning the fortunes around at White Hart Lane and told his players to be proud of their efforts. Asked what was said in the dressing room, Kane said: 'Just to be proud of ourselves. We've come a long way. It's a very young team with a new manager. 'To be in a final in the first season is great.' | Tottenham Hotspur lost 2-0 against Chelsea at Wembley on Sunday . Harry Kane was kept quiet for the majority of the final . The 21-year-old wants the experience to spur him on in future . READ: Tottenham stars have more finals to come, roars Pochettino . CLICK HERE for all the latest Tottenham news . |
What is alternative rock? | Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock, or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1990s. "Alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to musicians influenced by the musical style or independent, DIY ethos of late-1970s punk rock.Traditionally, alternative rock varied in terms of its sound, social context, and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock's distinct styles (and music scenes), such as noise pop, indie rock, grunge, and shoegaze. In September 1988, Billboard introduced "alternative" into their charting system to reflect the rise of the format across radio stations in the United States by stations like KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and WDRE-FM in New York, which were playing music from more underground, independent, and non-commercial rock artists. | Alternate rock is a form of rock music popularized in the early 1990s. It was formed to distinguish itself as an "Alternative" to commercial rock and pop music. Artists that fell into this category were more underground and had smaller independent record labels. Most artists were first heard on college radio stations or by word of mouth. In 1988, the genre was officially used by Billboard to accurately chart the rise of this new style being played by radio stations. |
From the given text, write some important points about guitar's vibrato system | A vibrato system on a guitar is a mechanical device used to temporarily change the pitch of the strings. They add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings, typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever, which is alternately referred to as a whammy bar, vibrato bar, or incorrectly as a tremolo arm. The lever enables the player to quickly and temporarily vary the tension and sometimes length of the strings, changing the pitch to create a vibrato, portamento, or pitch bend effect. Instruments without a vibrato have other bridge and tailpiece systems. | 1. A vibrato system is a mechanical component that alters the pitch of the strings on a guitar.
2. They modify the string tension at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a regulating lever, sometimes known as a whammy bar, vibrato bar, or wrongly as a tremolo arm, to add vibrato to the music.
3. With the help of the lever, the musician can quickly and momentarily alter the tension and occasionally the length of the strings, which alters the pitch and produces effects such as vibrato, portamento, and pitch bend.
4. Vibrato-free instruments need different bridge and tailpiece systems. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If you thought you had seen it all then prepare to be mistaken. Instagram personality Irina Goncharova has trained a slow loris to hold onto a metal pole and well... pole dance. Featured in a video, the slow loris swivels around the long pole in front of some rather fetching leopard print wallpaper. This slow loris is just the performer in a humorous video released on Instagram . The wide-eyed primate wears a cross between a nappy and a pair of shorts with what appears to have a fruit print on it. And actually picks up speed while spinning, becoming undoubtedly dizzy. Stopping to catch its breath, the primate then swivels back in the other direction before climbing further up the pole. The primate makes sure to keep a firm grip on the pole as it entertains its crowd . The video then switches to another shot of the slow loris pole dancing on a separate occasion. Still wearing its interesting underpants, the primate this time performs in front of a different wallpapered backdrop. Before showing off by turning upside down and continuing to spin. According to Ruptly, the slow loris has become increasingly popular as a pet among people who adore it for its cute behaviour and large eyes. The slow loris shows off a fancy pair of underpants in a separate performance . No stone is left unturned as the slow loris goes upside down to the delight of the filmmaker . But unfortunately this has caused many problems and is considered to be, alongside deforestation, the main threat to the species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates well over half of the slow loris population is either endangered, at risk or vulnerable. The video of the pole dancing slow loris was captured in Perm, Russia. | The primate belongs to Instagram personality Irina Goncharova . Pole dances in front of leopard print wallpaper in fancy shorts . The talented slow loris was captured on film in Perm, Russia . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The printing press, the computer, sliced bread, the internet: Sometimes an invention comes along that changes the world as we know it. Whether or not D Free will be seated among these revolutionary inventions is hard to say at this stage, but the company behind it certainly thinks so. This small wearable device is worn on your belly and can tell you when it’s time to go the toilet, with an app on your phone sending you reminders. Scroll down for video . A San Francisco-based company has created a toilet alert wearable. D Free attaches to your belly button and monitors your intestine activity. When it is almost time to go an app gives you a 10-minute warning. It also tracks daily stats and tells you how many times you have gone . The company behind it, Triple W in San Francisco, said in a video that D Free ‘helps you to take back control of your life.’ They continued: ‘You’ll no longer feel stressed about unpredictable bowel movements.’ While technical details on the device are not known at the moment, it appears to take readings from your belly, and feeds them to an app. There are thousands of public toilets around the world, but finding one - especially when you’re desperate - can prove impossible. Plus, it's increasingly difficult to find one that is in working order and free to use. The Flush Toilet Finder app was created to solve this problem. It uses your phones GPS to find nearby public conveniences around the world that are free, and those that offer disabled access. It was built by Jake Ruston, 21, from Rotherham, South Yorkshire, and is based on a global database of 100,000 public toilets. The app knows when you when you need to go to the toilet, and gives you a 10-minute reminder when it’s nearly time to go. 'We have detected activity in your intestines,' the app says when it, well, detects activity in your intestines. The release date for the product is estimated to be December, and according to RocketNews24 an Indiegogo campaign will be launched in May of this year. The site also suggests that D Free will cost about £130 ($200) at first, but will eventually come down in price to about £35 ($50). Apparently, over time the app will learn more about your bowel movements, improving the accuracy of its information. From the video it also seems that the app will track the length of your bathroom breaks, and also shows you how often you are going each day. The developers say that it is especially useful for people who suffer from incontinence or those who have lost control of their bowel. ‘People with disabilities that need ample preparation time to go to the bathroom: the elderly, people with bowel dysfunctions, it can happen to anyone,’ the narrator in the video says. ‘When you go outside with D Free, D Free will notify you when it’s time for a bathroom break. You’ll have plenty of time to find a bathroom and accommodate your needs. No rushing required.’ The app knows when you when you need to go to the toilet, and gives you a 10-minute reminder when it’s nearly time to go (left). 'We have detected activity in your intestines,' the app says. It also provides daily stats and monitors how many bathroom breaks you have taken (right) The developers claim that it is especially useful for people who suffer from incontinence or those who have ‘lost control of their bowel’. ‘People with disabilities that need ample preparation time to go to the bathroom: the elderly, people with bowel dysfunctions, it can happen to anyone,’ the narrator in the video says . | A San Francisco-based company has created a toilet alert wearable . D Free attaches to your belly button and monitors your intestine activity . When it is almost time to go an app gives you a 10-minute warning . It also tracks daily stats and tells you how many times you have gone . It will ultimately cost about £35 and will likely launch in December . |
What are the rivers in Rajkot area? | Rajkot is located at 22.3°N 70.78°E. It has an average elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The city is located on the bank of Aji River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 170.00 km2. | There are two rivers - Aaji and Nyari - in the vicinity of Rajkot. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal are in talks over extending their pre-season tour of Asia later this year. The Gunners will head to Singapore in the summer to take part in the Barclays Asia Trophy, together with Everton, Stoke and a Singapore Select XI. The tournament will run from July 15-18, but there are plans in place to play an extra match in Thailand a few days later. Arsenal are in talks over extending their pre-season tour of Asia later this year with an extra game . Arsenal will head to Singapore to compete in their first ever Asia Trophy before the start of next season . Manchester City won the last Asia Trophy, beating Sunderland in Hong Kong in July 2013 . Details for the clash are yet to be confirmed and finalised, but Arsenal are likely to face a Thai Premier League XI in Bangkok. Arsene Wenger's men will then fly back to London for the annual Emirates Cup tournament before the start of the new season. As per usual, Arsenal are likely to travel to Austria for a behind-closed doors training camp in addition to the Asia trip. Galatasaray's Didier Drogba holds the Emirates Cup after his team won the trophy defeating Arsenal in 2013 . | Arsenal are in talks to extend their pre-season tour of Asia . Gunners will head to Singapore to take part in the Barclays Asia Trophy . Everton, Stoke City and a Singapore XI will take part in the competition . But, Arsenal may stay longer as they plan an extra game in Thailand . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Boston (CNN)Dun Meng knew to pull over his Mercedes-Benz SUV to respond to a text message that night in April 2013. That's when a man got out of another car, jumped into his SUV and pointed a gun at him. "He asked me, 'Do you know the Boston Marathon explosion?' " Meng told a crowded courtroom Thursday, speaking in halting English. An interpreter who spoke Meng's native Mandarin sat next to him but was not needed. "He asked, 'You know who did it? I did it and I just killed a policeman in Cambridge,' " Meng said a man later identified as Tamerlan Tsarnaev told him. Meng was on the witness stand in the death penalty trial of admitted Boston Marathon bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Tamerlan's younger brother. He recalled seeing the flashing lights of police cars in Cambridge earlier that night. "After that, how did you feel?" Assistant U.S. Attorney William Weinreb asked. "Terrified. The whole world is looking for him at the time. ... I thought it was just a typical robbery." There was nothing typical about the days after the Boston Marathon bombings, which killed three people and hurt more than 240 others. Timeline of the bombings, manhunt and aftermath . Prosecutors say Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev had earlier killed Massachusetts Institute of Technology police Officer Sean Collier because they wanted his gun. But their efforts to take it were thwarted by a safety holster. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who was 19 at the time, does not dispute he was present when Collier was killed on the evening of April 18, 2013, nor does he deny that he participated in the bombings three days earlier. He is being tried on 30 charges -- 17 of which carry the possibility of the death penalty. Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, would not survive the night. He was killed in a chase and gunbattle with police that began with reports of an "officer down" at MIT. It was after Collier's killing that Meng encountered the Tsarnaev brothers. Tsarnaev's 'manifesto': OK to kill civilians . At the time, he was working on his master's degree at Northeastern University. Meng, a partner at a company that created a food delivery app, recalled feeling tired after work. He drove along the Charles River with no destination in mind. He pulled over after receiving a text message. "I'm a traffic engineer, and I know it is unsafe to text while I'm driving," he said. A car pulled up quickly and stopped. A man in the car walked over. Meng said he thought the man wanted directions. Instead, the man pulled open the SUV door and climbed in. Meng said Tamerlan Tsarnaev demanded cash. He said he had about $45 on him. "He said, 'That's not enough. Where's your wallet?' So I give him my wallet, but there's no cash in the wallet." The man pulled the magazine out of his handgun. He showed Meng it was loaded. "I'm serious," Meng testified that the man told him moments before admitting to being the Boston Marathon bomber. "So don't be stupid." Jurors see Tsarnaev's writings on boat . After he handed over the cash, Meng said the man ordered him to drive. He said Dzhokhar Tsarnaev followed in a Honda but later got in the backseat of the SUV. "He ordered me to every direction," he said of Tamerlan Tsarnaev. "We had a conversation. ... He asked me my name and he asked me where I'm from. First few minutes my hands were shaking and I was having trouble driving. I was very scared." Meng said his name was Manny. The man laughed when he thought Meng said Nanny. "I said I'm Chinese. He said, 'OK, you are Chinese. I am Muslim and Muslims hate Americans.' I responded, 'I'm Chinese. Chinese are very friendly toward Muslims.' " At one point, the carjacker asked Meng for the PIN code on his bank card. "I tell him the PIN code," he testified. "It started with 86, somebody's birthday. He asked me if I was born in 1986, and I said yes." Meng testified that he asked Tamerlan Tsarnaev: "Are you going to kill me tonight? He told me, 'I'm not going to kill you. Just relax, man.' " The witness pointed to Dzhokhar Tsarnaev as the man who later sat in the backseat behind him. The men played a CD as they drove around. "I would say weird," he said of the music. "It sounded religious." New surveillance footage revealed . At one point, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev went into a gas station convenience store to pay for gas and load up on snacks, Meng testified. Tamerlan fiddled with a GPS device. Meng unbuckled his seat belt, opened the SUV door and got away, dashing across the street to another service station. He never looked back. Meng begged a worker to call the police. He hid there until officers arrived. It was "the most difficult decision in my life," he said. "I could feel he was trying to grab me. His hand was so close to my left hand I could feel the wind." Cambridge police Officer Michael Nickerson had to talk Meng out of a gas station storage room when he arrived. "He was trembling," Nickerson testified. "He was very scared. You could tell he was a victim of something." Tsarnaev's connections: Who's who . CNN Ann O'Neill reported from Boston, Ray Sanchez wrote from New York. | Testimony focuses on carjacking after the Boston Marathon bombings . Dun Meng says one of carjackers admitted to being a bomber and to killing an MIT officer . |
According to the given paragraph, how do convolutional neural networks avoid overfitting in machine learning? | In deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of artificial neural network most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. CNNs use a mathematical operation called convolution in place of general matrix multiplication in at least one of their layers. They are specifically designed to process pixel data and are used in image recognition and processing. They have applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series.
CNNs are also known as Shift Invariant or Space Invariant Artificial Neural Networks (SIANN), based on the shared-weight architecture of the convolution kernels or filters that slide along input features and provide translation-equivariant responses known as feature maps. Counter-intuitively, most convolutional neural networks are not invariant to translation, due to the downsampling operation they apply to the input.
CNNs are regularized versions of multilayer perceptrons. Multilayer perceptrons are usually fully connected networks, that is, each neuron in one layer is connected to all neurons in the next layer. The "full connectivity" of these networks make them prone to overfitting data. Typical ways of regularization, or preventing overfitting, include: penalizing parameters during training (such as weight decay) or trimming connectivity (skipped connections, dropout, etc.) Developing robust datasets also increases the probability that CNNs will learn the generalized principles that characterize a given dataset rather than the biases of a poorly-populated set. | A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has a fully connected layer in which each neuron is connected to every neuron in the next layer, this structure helps to avoid overfitting |
Tell me about a random street in Berlin | Tiergartenstraße is a street in the Tiergarten district in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. The street runs east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west. On the street’s southern side, the street intersects with (from east to west), Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße, Stauffenbergstraße, Hildebrandstraße, Hiroshimastraße and Clara-Wieck-Straße.The neighbourhood was incorporated into the City of Berlin in 1861, soon after the 1871 Unification of Germany it developed into an affluent residential area and later into the capital's diplomatic quarter.The Kemperplatz at the eastern end formerly marked the starting point of the Siegesallee boulevard running northwards through the park to Königsplatz in front of the Reichstag. On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances.On the western corner on Tiergartenstraße No. 6 is the Berlin Museum of Applied Art and next to it the Berlin Art Library, both part of the Kulturforum cluster of the Berlin State Museums. On the intersection with Stauffenbergstraße on No. 12 is the Austrian embassy, erected in 2001 according to plans designed by Hans Hollein. Further diplomatic missions follow: the Indian and South African embassies (on No. 18) as well as the Italian and Japanese representations at the corner of Hiroshimastraße, both as former Axis powers located at vast buildings from about 1941/42 that have been reconstructed after World War II. A number of other embassies are located along nearby streets.At the western end of Tiergartenstraße are the Jesuit Canisius-Kolleg gymnasium in the building of the former Krupp representative office on No. 30, the Saudi Arabian embassy and finally the offices of the Christian Democratic Konrad Adenauer Foundation. On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II.On the north side of Tiergartenstraße just west of Stauffenbergstraße is a large seated statue of the composer Richard Wagner in the Tiergarten park. A glass canopy has been erected over the statue to protect it from the elements.The bus terminal at the corner Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße was formerly the site of the villa Tiergartenstraße No. 4, the headquarters of the Nazi \euthanasia\" program (the mass murder of disabled people and others) | A random street found in Berlin, Germany is Tiergartenstraße. Tiergartenstraße east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west.
On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances.
The street also contains buildings used in WWII for the Axis powers of Japan, Italy, and Germany that were reconstructed after the war.
On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße, there is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)You would be pressed to find a designer who appealed to the imagination as much as Alexander McQueen. A favorite with A-listers and fashion editors alike, he was renowned for his Gothic sensibilities, innovative textiles (think shells, horns and hair) and highly conceptual runway shows, as well as his bad boy antics behind the scenes. (Along with the usual drinks, drugs and parties, he once claimed to have stitched profanities into the lining of a jacket for Prince Charles.) Five years after his death, interest in the designer hasn't waned, least of all in his home town of London, where, starting this month, he's being commemorated with an extensive, expensive retrospective at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty, a re-staging of the 2011 exhibition at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, summarizes and contextualizes McQueen's 18-year career through an elaborate display of 244 garments and accessories. "Savage Beauty at the V&A is the largest and most ambitious fashion exhibition the museum has ever staged," said curator Claire Wilcox at a press preview. The V&A has already sold 70,000 advanced tickets, and extended the exhibition by two weeks to meet demand. At the Met, Savage Beauty attracted over 660,000 visitors by the end of its four-month run, making it one of the museum's top 10 exhibitions of all time, up there with a King Tut stop in 1978 and a Mona Lisa loan in 1963. Bringing Savage Beauty to London can be seen as a "homecoming," as it was described by V&A director Martin Roth at the press preview, if not an act of repatriation. The son of cab driver and a school teacher, Alexander "Lee" McQueen grew up in London's East End. After dropping out of school at 16, he honed his tailoring skills on Savile Row, graduated with an MA in fashion design from the city's prestigious Central Saint Martins college, and used the V&A's archives to research his collections. He once said of London: "It's where my heart is, and where I get my inspiration." That love was largely reciprocated. In 2011, thousands of British devotees petitioned to have Savage Beauty brought to London after its spectacular New York debut. Fashion journalist Melanie Rickey was one of the most vocal proponents. A longtime fan, she has coauthored the upcoming release Inferno: Alexander McQueen (Laurence King), a coffee table book of interviews and images from photographer Kent Baker, which documents March 1996 collection Dante. "I was agitated because (Savage Beauty) really is meant to be in his hometown," Rickey says. "Everything about him is London, so to not have it in London would have been a crime." Along with hounding the brand's corporate honchos and the V&A itself, Rickey started an online petition to have the exhibition brought to the city, and instigated the Twitter hashtag #BringMcQueenExhibitionHome. "It's like the (Elgin) Marbles: They're probably a lot more powerful in Greece than they are sitting in the British Museum." Ultimately, such advocacy may have been unnecessary. According to Kate Bethune, senior exhibition research assistant for Savage Beauty, it had been Roth's ambition to bring the exhibition to London since he assumed the directorship in September 2011. The V&A exhibition, which was announced last April, even begins with a newly added London gallery dedicated to McQueen's roots in the city and his early shows. Curators called on Sam Gainsbury, who produced all of McQueen's shows from 1996 on, to act as the exhibition's creative director and bring McQueen's pieces to life. "A lot of (McQueen's) colleagues say he started his collections with the concept of a show," Bethune says. "He always wanted people to have a strong reaction to what he was going." The most theatrical highlights include the Romantic Primitivism gallery, covered with fake bones like an ossuary, and a blacked-out room where a Kate Moss hologram floats in a diaphanous dress, trapped in a glass pyramid. The room-sized Cabinet of Curiosities has 27 screens showing moments of his most imaginative runway shows: women walk on water, a model's gown is spray-painted by robotic arms, a church is converted into a catwalk. But Bethune believes the real draw will be the groundbreaking pieces made from unconventional materials, which blur the line between fashion and art. Fairytale gowns feature throughout and there's a whole section dedicated to McQueen's tailoring skills, but it's the garments made from razor clam shells, pheasant feathers, and synthetic hair; or embellished with impala horns and baby crocodile heads that really standout. The accessories -- extravagant headpieces, Swarovski mesh chain mail, impossible shoes -- seem like sculptures. "McQueen was an artist whose medium of expression was fashion," she says. "He absolutely changed the way we look at fashion." Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty runs from March 14 - August 2, 2015 at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. For more information, visit www.vam.ac.uk/savagebeauty . | Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty has arrived at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London . The exhibition showcases the late designers most memorable pieces . V&A director Mark Roth sees it as a "homecoming" for London-born McQueen . |
How many years was Hutchinson's streak, and what caused it to end? | Hutchinson attended 1,294 consecutive matches involving the Geelong Football Club between Round 11, 1963, and the 2019 preliminary final, inclusive. That streak came to an end when he and the general public were locked out of the Cats' 2020 Round 1 loss to Greater Western Sydney in Sydney due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If away games are excluded, Hutchinson's streak lasted from the early 1958 season to the 2019 preliminary final. | Hutchinson's streak was 62 years (2019-1958+1) and it ended because of the lock out caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sean Penn has revealed that he watches propaganda beheading videos published by ISIS out of a sense of moral responsibility. The actor said he chooses to bear witness to the gruesome clips, in which Americans, Britons and Kurds have been graphically slaughtered, because 'real violence' is often hidden from us. Speaking to the Daily Telegraph, he said: 'The problem is we are not seeing enough of real violence. We are being anesthetized when you don't see the horror of war.' 'Real violence': Sean Penn, pictured left in his new film The Gunman, said he watches ISIS's propaganda videos showing hostages like James Foley, right, being beheaded . When asked whether he felt morally obliged to view the clips, he replied that he did. Penn said that the graphic reality of the murder videos counteracts 'political correctness', which has led upsetting images from conflict such as that in Iraq and Afghanistan from being kept off-screen. He also mentioned the ISIS clips in relation to his own new movie, The Gunman, which will feature graphic violence. Penn said that staged violence in movies and the real violence such as that being perpetrated in Iraq and Syria are not the same thing. Violence in movies: Penn made a point of differentiating fictional violence, like that in his new film, above, from real-life acts by the likes of ISIS . He said: 'Anyone who sees them [ISIS videos] and claims that they were anaesthetised by violent movies, that they weren't horrified by what they saw, on the most primal level, is intellectually dishonest or existentially unpresent.' Penn has voice his opinions about ISIS before - earlier this week he told Conan O'Brien that the terrorist organization was 'created' by George W Bush and Dick Cheney. Beginning with former Vice President Cheney, whom he called 'an embittered bacteria [sic] of humanity', he said: 'These are the guys, he and President Bush and some others, who invented Daesh, or ISIS.' The video ends with three ISIS fighters pulling out their knives and beheading their prisoner. Close up shots of the bloodied bodies are shown. He sarcastically added 'thanks for that'. Meanwhile ISIS continues to produce and distribute sickening videos of its barbaric executions. Its warped criminal justice system has given rise to footage of people thrown off buildings for being homosexual, and having hands amputated for other crimes. On Friday its latest beheading video was released, showing the killing of three Kurdish soldiers who had been taken prisoner. | Actor advocates watches videos because people are 'anesthetized' Said graphic murder videos from Syria counteract 'political correctness' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michael Carrick believes Juan Mata has always been an important player for Manchester United after the playmaker's double helped the Red Devils to a 2-1 win over Liverpool on Sunday. The little Spaniard has struggled to hold down a first-team place recently but teammate Michael Carrick was not surprised to see his match-winning performance. ‘Listen, all players have ups and downs throughout their careers,’ said Carrick. ‘You can’t look past his quality; that is why he is here and he is here for a reason. He is such a good player and performances like that don’t surprise me because performances like that are exactly what he is all about. Juan Mata scores a superb scissor kick during Manchester United's 2-1 win over Liverpool on Sunday . Michael Carrick (right) insists Juan Mata has always been a valuable player for Manchester United . ‘He has always been a great player. I think he has always been important to us because he brings so much to the team, and so much ability. ‘You have seen it all there on Sunday, in terms of what he brings to us and I thought he was terrific. I thought his overall play was good and he obviously scored both goals. I thought the first one was a really good finish and the second one was sensational, so he has had a good day. ‘He is just so clever, you know. He moves the ball, takes up good positions, he is dangerous and he is just so intelligent. He has such a slight frame so he is not going to have a physical presence but he more than makes up for that with his general ability and how he plays the game. He is just a joy to watch.’ Carrick was not surprised by Mata's match-winning performance and thought the Spaniard was 'terrific' United had Angel di Maria and Radamel Falcao among their substitutes at Anfield, and Carrick believes that demonstrates the depth of resources available to Van Gaal. He believes the Dutchman could pick two completely different line-ups capable of competing at the highest level, with little to choose between the players in training games. ‘I think it tells you about the squad and the strength in depth,’ said Carrick. ‘What more can you say? Listen, those boys (Di Maria and Falcao) are top players but I think we have got a number of players that the manager can choose from, which is great. ‘We see in training when we have games that both teams are pretty equal, when we have 11 versus 11, because that is the strength of our squad now. A lot of players have had game time this year and that does bring options.’ | Juan Mata scored twice in Manchester United 's 2-1 victory over Liverpool . Michael Carrick says Mata is a joy to watch and was 'terrific' on Sunday . Midfielder was not shocked by Mata's match-winning performance . READ: Have Manchester United turned a corner in the Premier League? CLICK HERE for all the latest Man United news . |
What team represents Concordia University in Irvine, California? | The Concordia Golden Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University Irvine, located in Irvine, California, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Golden Eagles primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference (PacWest) for most of their sports since the 2015–16 academic year; while its men's volleyball team competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF); and its men's water polo team competes in the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). CUI previously competed in the Golden State Athletic Conference (GSAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1987–88 to 2014–15; and as an NAIA Independent from 1981–82 to 1986–87. The CUI women's water polo team competed in the Golden Coast Conference (GCC) until the 2022 spring season. | The Concordia Golden Eagles represent Concordia University Irvine. The Golden Eagles are a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's Matt Ford will take a narrow lead into the third day of the Africa Open after carding a second-round 66 at East London Golf Club. Ford took advantage of calmer conditions for the morning starters to card six birdies and an eagle, with his only blemishes coming on the ninth and 17th. That left the 36-year-old 11 under par and one ahead of Spain's Eduardo de la Riva, who also returned a 66 containing eight birdies and two bogeys. England's Matt Ford will take a narrow lead into the third day of the Africa Open at the East London Golf Club . Ford tees off on the eighth hole during the second round of the Africa Open at East London Golf Club . Ford, who was about to spend a winter working for Royal Mail before coming through November's European Tour qualifying school at the 10th attempt, said: 'I don't think you can ever get all of it out of the round. 'I missed a short one on 17 and hit a poor tee shot off nine, so those were a couple of mistakes, but you're always going to make a few of those. I would have taken 11 under at the beginning of the day. 'I missed a couple of putts but I holed a couple and I holed a wedge (from 119 yards for his eagle on the par-four 12th) so I played some good stuff. I've been hitting it pettty steady all year and the way the golf course is suits me; you are not hitting full out shots, you are hitting quite a lot of half shots. I've had good control of the ball so far this week.' Andy Sullivan missed the cut after a disappointing 77 in the Africa Open left him five over par . Both of De la Riva's bogeys came in his first three holes, but the world number 369 responded with a flurry of birdies to keep Ford well within in his sights. 'I played a very good round today with good golf and good putts. I am very happy with the first two rounds,' he said. South Africa have provided all five previous winners of this event and four home players were inside the top seven on the leaderboard, with Jaco van Zyl and Erik Van Rooyen three off the lead on eight under alongside France's Gregory Havret. Newly appointed Ryder Cup captain Darren Clarke carded six birdies and two bogeys in a 68 . Van Zyl, who finished joint second the Joburg Open on Sunday, also shot 66 and said: 'Yesterday was really tough out there and I was very chuffed to pull two under out of it. I got it a lot easier this morning and when that happens you try to capitalise.' Van Zyl's compatriots Neil Schietekat and Trevor Fisher were one shot further back along with English pair David Howell and John Parry, Chile's Mark Tullo and Germany's Max Kieffer, whose 63 was the lowest score of the day. Ireland's Kevin Phelan, who shared the overnight lead with Ford, could only add a 72 to his opening 67 to remain five under, one ahead of newly appointed Ryder Cup captain Darren Clarke, who carded six birdies and two bogeys in a 68. England's Andy Sullivan, who was seeking a third win in South Africa in nine weeks, missed the cut after a disappointing 77 left him five over par. Kevin Phelan plays his sceond shot into the 14th green during the second round of the Africa Open . | Matt Ford took advantage of calmer conditions to card a second-round 66 . Ford hit six birdies and an eagle to leave the 36-year-old 11 under par . South Africa have provided all five previous winners of this event . With Jaco van Zyl and Erik Van Rooyen three off the lead on eight under . |
Give a summary of Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District as its first headquarters were in Manhattan; the placename gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ nearly 130,000 people at its peak and cost nearly US$2 billion (equivalent to about $24 billion in 2021). Over 90 percent of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10 percent for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than thirty sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
The project led to the development of two types of atomic bombs, both developed concurrently, during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, so a simpler gun-type design called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Because it is chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and has almost the same mass, separating the two proved difficult. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was carried out at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium, which researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered in 1940. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, was demonstrated in 1942 at the Metallurgical Laboratory in the University of Chicago, the project designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors at the Hanford Site in Washington state, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory.
The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program.
The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb during the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, with Manhattan Project personnel serving as bomb assembly technicians and weaponeers on the attack aircraft. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947. | The Manhattan Project was the program based in the United States which tried to make the first nuclear weapons. The project cost $2 billion, and created many secret cities and bomb-making factories, such as a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, a nuclear reactor in Hanford, Washington, and a uranium processing plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The top scientist on the project was Robert Oppenheimer, a famous physicist. The Manhattan Project had to find solutions to two difficulties. The first difficulty is how to make the special isotopes of uranium (uranium-235) or plutonium. This process is called separation and is very slow. The United States built very big buildings with three different kinds of machine for separation. They made enough fissionable special isotopes for a few nuclear weapons. The second difficulty was how to make a bomb that will produce a big nuclear explosion every time. A weapon with a bad design can make a much smaller nuclear explosion. This is called a "fizzle". In July 1945, the Manhattan Project solved the two difficulties and made the first nuclear explosion. This test of a nuclear weapon was called "Trinity" and was a success. Manhattan Project created two nuclear bombs which were used against Japan in 1945. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsene Wenger has chosen Martin Keown's confrontation with Ruud van Nistelrooy as his most memorable moment in Arsenal's rivalry with Manchester United - and admitted he doesn't know where his FA Cup-winners medals are. Arsenal and United have had plenty of heated battles with Wenger referencing the infamous 'Battle of Old Trafford' incident as the one that stands out. Speaking to Sportsmail columnist Keown on BBC Radio 5 Live, Wenger recalled the defender's confrontation with Van Nistelrooy following the United striker's penalty miss in September 2003. Martin Keown confronts Ruud van Nistelrooy following the United striker's missed penalty in September 2003 . Keown screams at Van Nistelrooy following his last-minute spot kick miss during the 'Battle of Old Trafford' Arsene Wenger told Keown that the incident was his most memorable from Arsenal's encounters with United . 'The most memorable? You were involved in it,' Wenger said jokingly to Keown. 'Of course that famous incident with the penalty with Van Nistelrooy.' As Arsenal gear up for their FA Cup sixth round tie against Manchester United next Monday, Wenger insists he is as hungry as ever for success. Arsenal and United have enjoyed an intense rivalry in the cup down the years and are only separated by a point in the Barclays Premier League. Ahead of Monday's clash, Wenger admitted he didn't know where his FA Cup medals from previous successes were. 'Medals, I don't even know where there are,' said Wenger. 'That tells you that I don't look back. The human side of the game is more important to me as opposed to the medals. 'I prefer a box of memories. In this job, you have a big influence in people's lives, they have a big influence in your life as well. 'At the top top level, these are special people - that remains longer with you than the medal, it's not the only thing that matters. 'You want to think you can have a positive influence on people lives, the club and the style of play.' Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger oversees training at the club's base in Colney on Monday . Wenger will attempt to outwit United manager Louis van Gaal, who has been criticised recently, but the Frenchman reserved special praise for the Dutchman. 'I think he's a great manager,' said Wenger. 'If you look at what he's done in his career, its incredible. He's stabilised the club. They've only lost two in 18 games. The job is more demanding now. Every game now is a trial where you judged before and after.' Arsenal's intense rivalry with United was defined for years by Wenger's clashes with Sir Alex Ferguson. 'I'm much happier to see him now than before,' Wenger added. 'In the end, it became more peaceful and respectful. He was not always objective defending his time, nor was I. 'Today, we are happy to have a good dinner or good glass of wine and just talk about football.' Mathieu Flamini (left) and Olivier Giroud celebrate with the FA Cup following Arsenal's 3-2 victory against Hull . Wenger admits that he and former United boss Sir Alex Ferguson (above) get on far better these days . | Arsenal face Manchester United in the FA Cup sixth round on Monday . Arsene Wenger admits he doesn't know where his FA Cup medals are . Wenger cites Martin Keown's confrontation with Ruud van Nistelrooy in the 'Battle of Old Trafford' as his most memorable moment from the rivaly . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A recent survey reveals there may be a wrong side of the bed after all. In celebration of Sleep Awareness Week from March 2 to March 8, a survey conducted by the mattress company Saatva found that a majority of Americans prefer the right side of the bed. The study also found that men were more likely than women to care about which side of the bed they were sleeping on and women cared more about which direction they were facing in bed. Who's side are you on? : In celebration of Sleep Awareness Week from March 2 to March 8, a survey conducted by the mattress company Satva found that a majority of Americans prefer the right side of the bed . Of the Americans surveyed, 40 per cent said that they have always slept on the same side of the bed, reports APP.com . More than half of those in the study said that they didn't consciously pick the side of the bed that they were sleeping on nightly and if given the decision now, 30 per cent said they would switch to the other side. 64 per cent of Americans said that they preferred not facing their partners while the other 36 per cent prefer to face their partner. Women tended to need more space than men with 72 per cent of women saying they don’t like facing their partner and only 55 per cent of men answering the same thing. The study by Saatva revealed that Americans chose their side of the bed based on what they are sleeping closest to and technology was a major factor in their decision. A third of Americans said they'd prefer to sleep on the side of the bed that is closest to an electrical outlet compared to 67 per cent who wanted to be closer to the bathroom, 58 per cent who wanted to be closest to a window, and just 48 per cent who wanted to be nearest to a door. Half of American Couples who cohabitate said that they both preferred the same side of the bed and that 79 per cent of then had to give up that side to their partner. 20 per cent of Americans said that they were unwilling to change sides of the bed for a romantic partner and were more likely to give up the television remote. Next to an outlet?: The study by Saatva Luxury Mattress revealed that Americans chose their side of the bed based on what they are sleeping closest to and technology was a major factor in their decision. | A survey conducted by the mattress company Satva found that a majority of Americans prefer the right side of the bed . Men cared more about sleeping on the right side of the bed whereas women cared more about having their own space in bed . Technology, specifically the location of an electrical outlet was . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England could be looking for a new bowling coach for the Ashes after David Saker confirmed he would be returning to his native Australia to coach Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League. Saker, 48, who has been with England for five years, has a six-month termination clause in his ECB contract, which could yet mean he sees out the summer in this country before heading home. But he is keen to move back to Australia sooner rather than later, and also hopes to become head coach of a state side in the first-class Sheffield Shield competition – with Victoria the favourites. England bowling coach David Saker has confirmed his return to Australia with Melbourne Renegades . Saker, pictured speaking to James Anderson, has worked with the England team for the last five years . If the ECB do allow Saker to head home before the Australians arrive to defend the Ashes this summer, that could pave the way for the return of Ottis Gibson, who quit as West Indies coach last year and was Saker's predecessor in the England fast-bowling role. Saker told the Melbourne Age: 'My first three years in the job for English cricket was a bit of a fairytale. But like most things it's hard to keep that form up. We lost some senior players, which made it a little bit harder. 'I'm sure everyone in the Australian camp don't think they can just walk up and win the Ashes. If they think that they've got something very wrong with them, because England in England are always hard to beat.' Saker's exit could open the door for Ottis Gibson, pictured with Anderson in 2007, to return to the role . The 48-year-old, pictured with Chris Woakes, could yet see out the summer with England . | David Saker could see out the summer with England before heading home . The 48-year-old bowling coach has been with England for five years . Ottis Gibson could return to his former role after quitting West Indies . Saker will coach Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal striker Olivier Giroud believes he is playing some of the best football of his career and insists he is unfazed by any accusations of inconsistency. The Frenchman's brace against Newcastle on Saturday brought his seasonal tally to 17 goals in 26 appearances so far, as The Gunners remain on course to secure a top-four finish in the Premier League. Giroud told RMC Sport, 'Since I have been at Arsenal, this is perhaps my best period. I have to continue like that.' Arsenal striker Olivier Giroud (right) celebrates his second goal against Newcastle United at St James' Park . The Frenchman loses his marker, Newcastle defender Mike Williamson (centre), to score with a header . Newcastle defender Daryl Janmaat (left) jumps to win the ball from Giroud during the game at St James' Park . He continued, 'I scored 16 or 17 goals in the league last year. I would like to do better.' In addition to his own personal targets, Giroud is determined to help Arsenal to a strong end to the campaign and has not ruled out a late push for the title. 'Finishing second or third would be fine, although we will be hoping (league leaders) Chelsea slip up. Winning the FA Cup is also an objective. I continue my progress. I feel very well at Arsenal. It is important to continue to progress.' Giroud came under scrutiny recently after spurning two clear-cut chances in Arsenal's 3-1 defeat to Monaco in the Champions League, but the 28-year-old feels that he has answered his critics with his form since then. Giroud (left) beats Williamson (right) to score Arsenal's opening goal against Newcastle on Saturday . Giroud controls the ball ahead of the oncoming Jack Colback (left) and Williamson (right) at St James' Park . 'I did an interview last week before the match against Monaco. We had covered everything and the journalist said to me me: 'Giroud, this is not the same name as Sergio Aguero or Diego Costa'. I simply answered that a good striker lets his statistics speak.' He added, 'Obviously, it's was not at the good moment because I lacked efficiency in that game. I did a little teasing. But it's good to have shown mental strength to come back even stronger and prove that critics do not reach me.' Only Chelsea's Costa and Tottenham's Harry Kane have scored more than Giroud in the league this season and both have played over 500 minutes more game time. Giroud has scored 17 goals in 26 appearances for Arsenal this season and is not ruling out a late title push . | Arsenal striker Olivier Giroud scored a brace at Newcastle on Saturday . The Frenchman has scored 17 goals in 26 appearances so far this season . Giroud feels that he is playing at the top of his game and the Arsenal striker has shrugged off any claims of inconsistency . He believes Arsenal can still challenge for the league title this season . Only Chelsea's Diego Costa and Tottenham's Harry Kane have scored more than Giroud in the Premier League this term . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo could be sanctioned for his goal celebration when he netted the equaliser in Sunday's La Liga 'Clasico' at Barcelona, the president of Spain's professional football league (LFP) said. Ronaldo, not for the first time when he has scored at the Nou Camp, appeared to be urging the Barca fans to calm down when he struck to make it 1-1 in the 31st minute. The Portugal captain, regularly the subject of abuse himself, has gained a reputation for winding up opposing fans and was widely criticised when he tore off his shirt to celebrate his successful penalty in last season's Champions League final victory over Atletico Madrid. Cristiano Ronaldo could face sanctions from the LFP follwoing his goal celebration at Barcelona on Sunday . The Real Madrid forwarded equalised for his side against the bitter rivals in the first half at the Nou Camp . Even after being mobbed by his team-mates, the 30-year-old appeared to urge Barcelona fans to calm down . 'We have to be careful with provocative gestures by a player when he scores a goal or with any other provocation or conduct that could incite violence among spectators,' LFP president Javier Tebas told reporters on Tuesday. 'It must be sanctioned, from a fine up to a suspension,' he added. 'We will look into it.' Following the death of a Deportivo La Coruna fan in fighting before a La Liga game in November, Spain's soccer authorities are seeking to crack down on any action by players or supporters that may be construed as provocative. Ronaldo was criticised for his goal celebration after scoring against Atletico in the Champions League final . | Barcelona beat Real Madrid 2-1 in La Liga on Sunday night . Cristiano Ronaldo equalised for Real in the first half at the Nou Camp . The 30-year-old appeared to urge Barca fans to calm down after his goal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Comedian and prankster Howie Mandel became the butt of a joke when his house was TP'd with more than 4,000 rolls of toilet paper. Fellow prankster Roman Atwood brought the toilet paper and friends to Mandel's Californian mansion as the former Deal or No Deal host was flying home from New York. They unloaded the truck full of materials and Atwood and friends - along with Mandel's son - covered the house end to end. Scroll down for video . Prankster Roman Atwood visited former Deal or No Deal host Howie Mandel's house while he was away and TP'd it with more than 4,000 rolls of toilet paper . Atwood (pictured) received help from friends and Mandel's family to pull off the ambitious prank and cover the Californian home . YouTube.com . 'My dad just landed and I sent my mom to stall him at the airport,' Mandel's son Alex Mandel told Atwood. Thirty minutes later, Mandel, who pranked people in his TV show Howie Do It, pulled up to the house, shocked to see it covered in toilet paper. 'Oh my God! How do you get into a gated community? Are you f******* kidding me? What is this?' he said as he walked up to the house. Atwood and his friends had enough toilet paper to fill an entire U-Haul truck. They unpacked it all and lined the house before throwing it on to the roof . With toilet paper ready and lined up with the house, Atwood, friends and Mandel's family took turns throwing rolls . When Mandel (pictured) arrived home, however, he did not seem pleased with the mess. At first he was shocked anyone could get into his gated community . Atwood even wrote a special message with the toilet paper - 'Smile More' - and Mandel eventually found humor in the prank. At the end of the video Mandel can be seen picking up paper from around the driveway, and Atwood jokes that he has to leave. 'It's so weird. I was going to run out to get toilet paper. Give me a key to the door, I have to go to the bathroom. I really have to go, it's not a joke. I'll take some with me, it's crazy!' Mandel said in a behind-the-scenes video. But by the end of the prank when Atwood reveals himself, Mandel laughed and embraced the toilet paper mess . | Roman Atwood went to Mandel's house with truck full of toilet paper . Friends and Mandel's family lined toilet paper along house before throwing it on the roof . When Mandel came home he was shocked to see the mess covering the house . Atwood surprised Mandel and they threw around more toilet paper . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Why is this Passover different than other Passovers? Because you may not have any gefilte fish at your table on Passover, which starts at sundown on April 3. February's record cold temperatures are to blame for the shortage of fish ingredients, reported Erica Marcus, a food writer at Newsday, the Long Island, New York, newspaper. "The traditional Passover appetizer is made from ground whitefish, carp and yellow pike," Marcus wrote. "All three are freshwater fish from the Upper Midwest, and all three are in short supply this spring because the Great Lakes are still covered with ice." While some restaurants reported having no supply issues, it may be a different story for the home cook. There's great debate within the Jewish community about the flavor of the classic gefilte fish dish, which isn't always the tastiest food at the table. "I've never seen what all the fuss is about," Marcus told CNN. "It's about as challenging a taste as tuna fish salad." The fishing boats just can't sail or fish on frozen lakes. Many of the Great Lakes are still partially frozen over, according to fisheries expert Ronald Kinnunen, an educator with Michigan State University's Sea Grant Extension Program. "Nobody's getting their fishing boats out," Kinnunen said. "I'm looking at the satellite images and Lake Superior's half covered in ice," he said. It's still iced over at the Mackinac Bridge, where Lake Huron and Lake Michigan come together at the Straits of Mackinac, he added. Blame an early Passover this year. Next year, it will likely be better for fishing. Passover doesn't start until sunset on April 22, much later in the month. The fish dish is not a religious requirement of the Seder dinner, but don't try telling that to cooks searching for the right ingredients for their classic recipes. If your mother or other host is mourning not having the dish at the table this year, offer to make chicken Kotletky or another offering from CNN Eatocracy's list of Passover recipes from around the world. | Cold temperatures are to blame for limited supply of freshwater fish . Some Passover hosts may not have any gefilte fish on the table . |
What is the history of Afrobeats? | This article is about 21st century genre and overarching term for West African pop music. For the 1960s/1970s genre made by artists such as Fela Kuti and Tony Allen, see Afrobeat. For the British genre popularised by J Hus, see Afroswing. | Afrobeats (not to be confused with Afrobeat or Afroswing), or Afro-pop or Afro-fusion (or Afropop or Afrofusion), is an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa and the diaspora that initially developed in Nigeria, Ghana, and the UK in the 2000s and 2010s. Afrobeats is less of a style per se, and more of a descriptor for the fusion of sounds flowing out of Ghana and Nigeria. Genres such as hiplife, jùjú music, highlife and naija beats, among others, were amalgamated under the 'Afrobeats' umbrella. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tony Pulis believes Manuel Pellegrini’s job as Manchester City manager will be under threat if he fails to land a trophy this season. The West Bromwich Albion head coach insisted City must continue to be successful over the next five years to earn the global fan base of rival clubs. 'The pressure is he has to win, given the amount of money Man City have invested in players over the past years,’ said Pulis. ‘I don’t think it’s just at the top, it’s at the bottom. We’ve seen it with Gus (Poyet), there comes a tipping point. There is always a tipping point at the top and bottom. That’s the industry we’re in. Tony Pulis believes Manuel Pellegrini’s job as Man City manager will be under threat if he fails to land a trophy . 'They pay the money for results. It’s a results business.' He added: 'All over the world there are supporters following the Premier League. A lot of fair weather supporters. Of the new generation, 99.9 per cent will pick a team that’ s been successful. 'So Man City need to be successful over the next four or five years to get a generation of supporters, like Liverpool did, like Man United did. Those big clubs need that support, it’s money in the bank for them.' Pulis takes his side to the Etihad believing Pellegrini’s team will be at their most threatening, however, following their Champions League defeat to Barcelona. He thinks City can win all their remaining nine matches to mount a Premier League title challenge and that the only difference in the Nou Camp was Lionel Messi. Pellegrini is under pressure at the Etihad after City were knocked out of the Champions League by Barcelona . Yaya Toure's Man City side struggled to impress as they crashed out of Europe on Wednesday . 'I think City now will be at their most dangerous,’ said Pulis. ‘Coming out of the Champions League I think they’ll really focus on their last nine games. The attitude at that football club will be: “Can we win nine?" It’s up to us to go and give them a good game. 'You look at their squad, they have enough to win nine games. If they do, who knows? I’m sure they’re talking about it. They are that good a group. 'We talk about playing against Barcelona, they are one player short in that game: Messi. He was the difference. 'He's a game changer at the very highest level of his profession and that's the difference. I'm absolutely convinced if you put him in City's team they would be through now, not Barcelona.’ Pulis believes City could be at their most dangerous on Saturday after their midweek disappointment . | Manuel Pellegrini's job could soon be under threat, claims Tony Pulis . Manchester City were knocked out of the Champions League by Barcelona . Pellegrini's side are currently six points behind leader Chelsea . Pulis' West Brom side face City at the Etihad on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Is there anything Monopoly can't do? Over the course of its 80-year life, it's been played underwater, underground, in space (OK, just the tokens) and on giant game boards. It's used chocolate and featured real money. There have been games that barely lasted the night and marathon contests that went on for weeks. Not bad for a game that, according to lore, maker Parker Brothers originally rejected for containing "52 fundamental errors." March 19 marks the official 80th anniversary of the world's best-selling board game, now manufactured by Hasbro. Its circuitous history, like its game board, has been filled with several interesting turns. Here are a few: . Legend has it that Charles Darrow, an unemployed salesman, invented the game in his kitchen in 1930. But the roots of Monopoly actually date back a few more decades, to a game called the Landlord's Game created by Elizabeth Magie in 1903. The Landlord's Game was meant to be educational, illustrating economist Henry George's belief -- inspired by the Gilded Age -- that property ownership by individuals is inherently unfair. Magie's game was an underground success, leading to a number of offshoots, including the one that Darrow tweaked. Parker Brothers bought her patent for $500 in 1935, closing the loop. As for Darrow, he was inspired in 1932 by a version created by a New Jersey Quaker community that made Atlantic City the locale of the game. Darrow added colors and other design elements -- "a look and feel to his board that would prove immensely appealing," writes Philip E. Orbanes in "Monopoly," a 2006 history of the game. Darrow's game was initially rejected by Parker Brothers for three errors -- not 52 -- but when his independent sales took off, Parker Brothers bought the game from him. The date? March 19, 1935. The numbers are staggering. Monopoly has been translated into 47 languages. It's played in 114 countries. It's sold more than 275 million copies. Hasbro prints $30 billion in Monopoly money each year, and well more than $3 trillion has been printed since 1935. Not bad considering each standard game comes with $20,580 -- though it's in the rules that the bank can never go broke, so make up some scrip if you need it. Incidentally, the Monopoly Man -- named Rich Uncle Pennybags -- was likely based on mustachioed financier J.P. Morgan. Even before numerous editions of Monopoly were widely licensed, there were local board variations depending on the country. Boardwalk, for example, is Mayfair in Britain, Schlossallee in Germany, Kalverstraat in the Netherlands and Rue de la Paix in France, after major streets in London, Berlin, Amsterdam and Paris. Other streets have also drawn from local geography. The new "Here & Now" U.S. edition, however, opened the voting to enthusiasts -- and Pierre (population 14,000), the capital of South Dakota, won pride of place as Boardwalk. (Lima, Peru, won the World Edition.) Pierre was one of 60 cities in the running, Mayor Laurie Gill said, and was "in the bottom of the pack" when she was informed of the contest. Being a competitive sort, she was determined to push Pierre past perhaps more logical cities such as New York or Los Angeles. "It's our energy and the fact we engaged our citizens," she told CNN. "I was doing radio and press releases and working with our school district, and our Chamber of Commerce utilized social media. It became a big deal here." One consideration for visitors: Pierre is on the Missouri River, but it lacks a literal boardwalk. (There are paths.) Still, given the city's triumph, you probably wouldn't want to play Monopoly against an energized Pierre resident. Pierre may be doing better than Atlantic City, which has struggled since the mid-2000s to return to its gambling heyday. Still, the New Jersey resort does have Monopoly to thank for some of its fame -- not that it was appreciated at one time. In the early '70s, a city commissioner proposed renaming Mediterranean and Baltic avenues, since both had other names in different parts of town. The idea caused an uproar among Monopoly fans and the idea was eventually shot down. "Baltic and Mediterranean are the streets we know," wrote one commissioner. "Without them, we could never pass Go." Do you put money from Chance and Community Chest in the center of the board and collect it when landing on Free Parking? Not in the rules. Do you give $400 for landing on Go instead of $200? Not in the rules. Do you allow secret side deals? Uh-uh. (Admittedly, there is now a set of "House Rules" that allow for variations, but they're not official.) The dismissive line "Do not pass Go, do not collect $200," which has worked its way into a few songs, is from Monopoly. And the game also gave us the term "Monopoly money," as in worthless currency. There aren't many movies featuring the game, but "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" has a famous scene with William Redfield and Danny DeVito arguing over DeVito's play. Stay tuned, though: a Monopoly movie is back on after several years in Hollywood purgatory. So forget the classic definition of "Monopoly money." Hasbro has taken quite a bunch to the bank. The original set featured a top hat, iron, shoe, thimble, battleship and cannon. Over the years, some pieces have been retired -- including a purse, rocking horse and lantern -- and others have been added. The latest? A bag of money and a cat. And they're all still made of metal, just as they've been for decades. Want to win at Monopoly? Though there's some chance involved (pardon the pun), the low-rent light blues and the mid-market oranges are the most desirable, according to a study done for Maxine Brady's 1974 "The Monopoly Book." The oranges and reds are the most likely to be landed on. The more upscale greens will pay off eventually, but they're expensive to develop, so you'd better have another form of cash flow in the short term. Or you could just do what millions have done since Darrow's day: Land on someone else's hotel, get mad and turn over the game board. Hey, it worked in college. | Monopoly celebrates 80th anniversary on Thursday . Popular board game actually has origins in early 20th century . Game has inspired catchphrases, made streets famous, prompted different rules . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)During a conversation with a professor at an Ivy League college, a mother nudges her daughter to share how she's president of her school's "survivors-of-bulimia" group. Hoping to impress the Yale admissions committee, a student writes an essay about the time she was so engrossed in a discussion with a French teacher she admired that she urinated on herself instead of interrupting the teacher or leaving the room. Looking to give their child an edge, parents hire a college admissions consultant when their child is in the eighth grade and know the total tab will be roughly $50,000. How I wish I could report that those three nuggets were pure fiction, morsels from my imagination for a great storyline for a novel or television series. But sadly, they are all-too-real examples included in a provocative new book "Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be: An Antidote to the College Admissions Mania" by award-winning New York Times op-ed columnist and bestselling author Frank Bruni. Those examples, Bruni said, should really be "wake-up calls" for any parents or students currently engaged in, or one day likely to be consumed by, the "What school will I get into?" annual game. "This says that we are attaching a level of importance to this that is just completely bonkers," Bruni said during a recent interview. Student goes 8 for 8 in Ivy League college admissions . For many families in the United States, the challenge isn't getting into the right college. It is being able to afford the school of their choice, or any school for that matter. But for many middle- and upper-income families, the college admissions process is as frenzied as ever with the belief that one school can make or break a child's future. I had to ask Bruni, whom I met during my time covering presidential politics, how exactly college admissions became so insanely intense and ridiculously competitive. We both laughed that the process was definitely not nearly as manic or as charged when we both went to college in the '80s. Bruni points to a number of factors all mixed together, creating "this kind of perfect storm of just absolute fixation, panic, etc." about where kids are going to go to school, whether it's exclusive enough and whether they've "breached the inner sanctum." There's the economic pessimism over the past decade, combined with a widening chasm between the haves and have-nots, he said. "I think all of that has made parents feel anxious on behalf of their kids and has made them feel like their kids have to have anything that might be a leg up, and if an elite school is a leg up, well, then dammit, let's get them that." Adding to the dangerous brew, says Bruni, is the "whole test prep and college coaching industry." Yes, it has become an industry, with parents and students willing to pay thousands of dollars to consultants for an extra edge. That "industry" didn't exist just three decades ago when Frank and I were applying. 5 ways community colleges are fixing higher education . The final piece of the puzzle are the colleges, which have essentially become businesses, marketing themselves and using their acceptance rate as a bragging right. "So when you have colleges drumming up extra applications so that they can then claim an acceptance rate below 15%, that becomes part of the discussion that adds to the anxiety because you look at these numbers and you think, 'Oh my God, if I don't begin doing SAT prep as a freshman in high school, if I don't hire the private tutor,' " I won't get in -- or so the thinking goes, said Bruni. But how much does where you go really determine how successful you will ultimately be? Consider the Fortune 500 and the alma maters of the heads of the 10 companies with the highest gross revenues back in the summer of 2014. There was only one Ivy League school on the list (Dartmouth), Bruni says in his book. When you look at the Fortune 500 executives in the top 30, you see Cornell, Princeton and Brown, but also the University of Central Oklahoma, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Minnesota, he writes. The point is there isn't one exact path to the corner office, and an Ivy League degree or a degree from another prestigious private university is neither a requirement nor a guarantee. National politics is another case in point. Sure, there are presidents who hail from the Ivies (George W. Bush, Bill Clinton) but there are many who don't: Ronald Reagan went to Eureka College, a small school in Illinois, and Richard Nixon got his undergraduate degree from Whittier College in Southern California. Looking at other national politicians who either ran for or could run for president someday, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Vice President Joe Biden graduated from the University of Delaware, Paul Ryan from Miami University of Ohio and John Edwards from North Carolina State University. Bruni said a big reason for writing the book was that when he surveyed the accomplished people he has known and interviewed, there didn't seem to be any "exaggerated concentration" of people coming from the most selective colleges. "So the amount of importance that parents and kids seem to be attaching to the selectiveness of where they went to school did not seem to me to jibe at all with the ingredients of success as manifest in the people I've met who were successful and even more to the point content," he said. "And so I felt like that contradiction really needed to be pointed out in a bold way." Part of what fuels the perception that the most successful among us always attend the most selective schools is what we see and read about people who've made it. For instance, take the "30 Under 30" list, which Forbes magazine puts out every year. Bruni writes about how back in 2013, a website called the 60second Recap noted how every time honorees attended a school like Harvard, Stanford or Princeton, it was mentioned in the profile. But if they hadn't graduated from such a school, Forbes didn't mention their alma mater. "So why do we get the impression that so many of the world's most glittering people went to these schools? Because when they've gone to those schools, we make it part of their biography because we think it explains something. And when they haven't gone to those schools, we skip right over it because we think it's actually contradictory evidence when it may be anything but." One of the most poignant stories that Bruni shares in his book is the letter Matt Levin's parents wrote to him the night before he received his first college response. Levin, like many of his classmates at Cold Spring Harbor High School on Long Island, had Ivy on his mind. He hoped for admission to Yale, Princeton or Brown, and he did everything to be a standout candidate: studying with a tutor for the SATs, playing on the varsity baseball team, earning one of the highest grade point averages as a junior and volunteering for more than 100 hours of community service. The letters came, and Levin got rejected by all three. His mom and dad, in their letter, wrote, "Your worth as a person, a student and our son is not diminished or influenced in the least by what these colleges have decided. If it does not go your way, you'll take a different route to get where you want." A letter to my son as he leaves for college . "What I love about Matt Levin's parents and that story is ... they were saying, we know you've been filled with these aspirations. We may have been agents of filling you with them," said Bruni. "What they were saying is this is one metric in a life with many of them. Do not turn this metric into a bludgeon that you are beating yourself up with, and that's what I think parents need to do." Is it possible to restore any sanity to the entire college admissions process? Bruni said what we can do is try to change the conversation and begin to also talk about the negative consequences of this push to get into the most selective school. "If we give kids too much of an impression that the name on their diploma is going to be everything, we run the risk of also telling them that their diploma is going to do the work for them." Kids who feel that way often end up in therapy or completely incapable of carving out a life, he said. "If we talk about all the things that happen, all the negative things that attend an over-concentration on getting into an elite school, then maybe we will begin to not concentrate as much on getting into elite schools." Bruni hopes parents and students read his book, but he especially hopes graduating seniors read it before they head off to school. Because while we spend so much time worrying about where our kids are going to get in, we spend less time on what they are going to do and explore when they get there. "So my dream audience are kids going off to college, and kids who are going off to college ... being made to think about more than the name on their sweatshirt and being made to ponder what they're going to do with this extraordinary privilege." Do you think going to an elite college gives you a leg up when it comes to professional success? Share your thoughts with Kelly Wallace on Twitter or CNN Living on Facebook. | A new book says that where you go to college does not determine who you will be . Author Frank Bruni blames the economy and colleges for increasing the stakes for admission . Of the top 10 Fortune 500 CEOs in 2014, only one went to an Ivy League school . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)By the time Cynthia Falardeau read about Alex Pring, a little boy who got a battery-powered robotic arm last summer, she had made peace with her son Wyatt's limb difference. Her premature baby had been born with his right arm tangled in amniotic bands. At a week old, doctors amputated his dead forearm and hand. They were afraid his body would be become infected and he would die. Falardeau mourned her boy's missing arm for years but, in time, embraced her son as he was. Wyatt also learned to adapt. They tried a couple of prosthetics when he was younger and each time the toddler abandoned the false limb within months. "His main interest was to create a shocking response from onlookers by pulling it off in the grocery store," Falardeau wrote on CNN iReport. In truth, she had been more concerned about getting him therapy for his autism-related delays -- the limb difference was secondary. So when a friend shared a story from the "Today Show" with Wyatt in mind, about a team of University of Central Florida (UCF) students and graduates that made an electronic arm for 6-year-old Pring using a three-dimensional printer on campus, Falardeau was defensive. "He doesn't need this," she thought. Her fifth-grader had a different reaction: "I want one of these robot arms!" Falardeau remembers Wyatt telling her and her husband. "I could ride a bike! I might even be able to paddle a kayak!" There were other things the 12-year-old boy said he would do if he had two hands. A proper somersault. Clap with two hands. Dance with a pretty girl with one hand on her back and the other leading. Stuff she hadn't really thought about but he clearly had. Falardeau got in touch with the Orlando students through E-Nable, an online volunteer organization started by Rochester Institute of Technology research scientist Jon Schull to match people who have 3-D printers with children in need of hands and arms. The organization creates and shares bionic arm designs for free download at EnablingTheFuture.org that can be assembled for as little as $20 to $50. Middle and high school student groups and Girl and Boy Scout troops are among those donating their time and materials to assemble limbs for kids and give them to recipients for free. The UCF team, which operates a nonprofit called Limbitless Solutions, is special because it's the only group in the 3-D volunteer network making electronic arms. Most 3-D arms are mechanical, which presents a challenge for children without elbows. With mechanical arms, the child opens and closes their hand by bending their elbow. The students came up with the idea for an electronic arm with a muscle sensor that allows the child to open and close their hand by flexing their bicep. "It's really just a step-by-step process of solving problems. The first problem we solved was: how do we make the hand move electronically? And then: how do we attach this arm to a child?" said sophomore Tyler Petresky. "It's just one problem after another we keep solving. That's what engineering is all about." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates about 1,500 babies in the United States are born with upper limb deformities each year. Comprehensive statistics aren't available for the number of children with amputations, such as Wyatt. The UCF project started when Albert Manero, an engineering doctoral student, heard a story on the radio about one of the inventors of the 3-D printed hand. He got involved with E-Nable and met Alex, a local boy teased because of his missing arm, and set about designing a robotic replacement. They gave it to Alex for free. "My mother taught us that we're supposed to help change the world," Manero said at the time. "We're supposed to help make it better." The students were blown away by what happened after that. The "Today Show" and other national news outlets featured stories about Alex and Manero, and then they got international attention. Families in more than 25 countries have asked the UCF students to help their children. In February, Microsoft highlighted the team in a social media campaign celebrating students using technology to change the world. Each electronic limb takes about 30 to 50 hours to make and assemble. The students use the printer in the school's manufacturing lab and cover the cost of materials -- about $350 -- through donations. Petresky got involved with the design of Pring's hand because Manero knew he was good with electronics. "He bribed me with some pulled pork sandwiches. I went over to his house and helped him out with electronics," he said. "I found out he was working on an arm, and I thought that was the coolest thing in the world." Eventually Manero moved to Germany for a Fulbright scholarship and left Petresky in charge of running the operations in Orlando. Petresky says they ask every family about the child's favorite color, superhero and interests, so the new limb can "not just be a piece of plastic ... but be a part of them." As they've designed the bionics, they've learned that kids don't necessarily want to blend in. Children have requested colorful designs inspired by superheroes, Disney's "Frozen," and in Wyatt's case, the blue-skinned men from "Blue Man Group." For Christmas, the group upgraded Alex's plain vanilla white arm to a new one resembling Optimus Prime from "Transformers." "We quickly found out this is much less about fitting in and feeling normal, and much more about expressing yourself," Petresky said. "There's a large aspect of being artistic and being creative." The team has made electronic arms for five children and are working with three more kids including Wyatt. He traveled with his mom to UCF last week and practiced flexing his muscle to make the hand open and close. He expects to get fitted with his new arm later this month. His mom, Cynthia, was most excited about seeing Wyatt being celebrated for who he is. "The adoration of college students was an affirmation that money can't buy. He was wrapped in the joy of leading and advising students on how to help children like himself," she wrote in her iReport. "Wyatt felt like he was making a difference for himself and other children." As they got ready to leave the campus, her son told her he can't wait to see what he will accomplish with his new arm. And someday, he said, he wants to go to UCF and help other kids like him. | Around the world, volunteers with 3-D printers are making limbs for children. Meet some Orlando engineering students changing the world. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Google wants to rank internet pages based on the quality of the facts they contain. A new paper published by a group of software engineers suggests that the internet search giant may be preparing to change the algorithms it uses to scour the web. Currently searches appear according to a complex combination of key words and links with other websites, but this fails to weed out inaccurate information. Google may be about to change the way it delivers search results to users by ranking results by accuracy . Instead a Google research team has developed a way of measuring the trustworthiness of the information contained on an internet page. If implemented it could mean that currently popular sources that regularly get facts wrong could fall foul of the new search technique. Not one to be outdone by its rivals, Google is reportedly working on a mobile payment service called Android Pay. The firm is expected to officially announce the service at its developer conference later this year. It will create a way for companies to accept transactions through their apps without having to introduce their own individual payment services. Android Pay users will then be able to upload credit card or debit card information to a single secure location but use it to pay for items across apps. And customers will be able to use it to pay for in-app purchases, goods or services with a single tap. Google is also expected to allow companies to use its Android Pay API to enable tap-to-pay options in physical stores using NFC readers, for example. In a paper to be published in the Proceedings of the Very Large Database Endowment, the Google researchers said webpages would be allocated trustworthiness scores. They said: 'Quality assessment for web sources is of tremendous importance in web search. 'It has been traditionally evaluated using exogenous signals such as hyperlinks and browsing history. 'For example, the gossip websites listed (see image below) mostly have high PageRank scores, but would not generally be considered reliable. 'Conversly, some less popular websites nevertheless have very accurate information.' 'We address the fundamental question of estimating how trustworthy a given web source is. 'Informally, we define the trustworthiness or accuracy of a web source as the probability that it contains the correct value for a fact (such as Barack Obama's nationality), assuming that it mentions any value for that fact.' Currently web searches are ranked by, among other things, the number of incoming links to a page to help Google's search bots determine the quality of the link. This, however, is really only a measure of the popularity of a webpage rather than the accuracy of the information it contains. Google researchers have developed a new algorithm that looks for facts and inaccuracies on web pages . Webpages containing inaccurate information can be widely shared and linked to by blogs and other external sites, causing them to feature high up in Google search results. However, Xin Luna Dong, Wei Zhang and colleagues at Google have designed a way of automatically extracting information from webpages and ranking them for trustworthiness. They use a system they have called Knowledge-Based Trust, which pulls facts from many pages and then jointly estimates the correctness and accuracy of these. It then counts the number of incorrect facts on a page to give it a trust score. To help the software the team has developed draws on Google's fast Knowledge Vault - a store of facts that have been pulled off the internet and are unanimously agreed on as being true. The software extracts what are known as 'knowledge triplets' - such as Barack Obama, nationality, USA. The list of the top five gossip sites above currently rank in the top 15 per cent of search results but Google researchers say that using their new algorithm these will be religated to the bottom half of search results . Websites that contain contradictory information are then moved down the rankings on internet searches. In a test of their system, the researchers applied their model to 2.8 billion pages on the internet and were able to reliably predict the trustworthiness of 119 million pages and 5.6 million websites. Giving an example of the nationality of US President Barack Obama, they say their system can distinguish between sources that are correct, those that are wrong and those read incorrectly by information extraction software. When the team applied their algorithm to a list of top 15 gossip websites including Yahoo! OMG!, TMZ, E Online, and Gawker they found that they ranked in the bottom 50 per cent of searches. The researchers said: 'In other words, they are considered less trustworthy than half of the websites.' However, under the current search system used by Google, they rank among the top 15 per cent. In another example the paper describes how forums are also another source of poor information. They said: 'For instance, we discovered that answers.yahoo.com says that 'Catherine Zeta-Jones is from New Zealand', although she was born in Wales according to Wikipedia.' A spokesman for Google said there were no specific plans to use the algorithm in their public search engine yet. He said: 'This was research - we don’t have any specific plans to implement it in our products. We publish hundreds of research papers every year.' | Google researchers have developed new algorithms for searching out facts . Web pages are given a Knowledge Trust score based on how accurate it is . The more incorrect facts on a page the lower it is ranked in search results . Current searches use links from other websites to determine page quality . The research suggests Google is to change the way it scours the internet . |
When was the french revolution | The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. | The French revolution started in 1789 and ended in November 1799 |
What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco? | Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). | Salesforce Tower is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). |
What is Bayes theorem | In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. For example, if the risk of developing health problems is known to increase with age, Bayes' theorem allows the risk to an individual of a known age to be assessed more accurately by conditioning it relative to their age, rather than simply assuming that the individual is typical of the population as a whole.
One of the many applications of Bayes' theorem is Bayesian inference, a particular approach to statistical inference. When applied, the probabilities involved in the theorem may have different probability interpretations. With Bayesian probability interpretation, the theorem expresses how a degree of belief, expressed as a probability, should rationally change to account for the availability of related evidence. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics, being considered by one authority as; "to the theory of probability what Pythagoras's theorem is to geometry." | Bayes theorem is based on conditional probability related to prior knowledge of the event. |
According to this paragraph, did Frederic Foley hold the patent to the Foley catheter? | Foley first described the use of a self-retaining balloon catheter in 1929, to be used to achieve hemostasis after cystoscopic prostatectomy. He worked on development of this design for use as an indwelling urinary catheter, to provide continuous drainage of the bladder, in the 1930s. His design incorporated an inflatable balloon towards the tip of the tube which could be inflated inside the bladder to retain the catheter without external taping or strapping. He demonstrated this to the American Urologists Society in 1935, and published a paper describing it in 1937. While he was still developing his catheter, a patent was issued to Paul Raiche of the Davol Rubber Company of Providence, Rhode Island in 1936. Four months later, in October 1936, Foley applied for the patent, and was awarded this after appearing before the patent office Board of Appeals. Raiche appealed this decision in court, and it was overturned, returning the patent to Raiche. A further request for a hearing made by Foley was refused, and so the patent stayed with Raiche.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Foley | According to this paragraph, Frederic Foley applied for the patent but it was ultimately awarded to Paul Riache instead. |
Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, where was the original Jimmy John's located? | After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy in 1982, his father gave him a choice to either join the Army or start a business. Although his father wanted him to enlist, the younger Liautaud chose the latter, and his father agreed to loan him $25,000 in exchange for a 48% stake in the business. Initially Jimmy John wanted to open a hot dog stand, but after visiting numerous such stands throughout the summer of 1982, he realized the $25,000 would not be enough for such a venture. After a chance encounter at a sandwich shop, Jimmy John realized that he could open a sandwich shop within his available budget by purchasing premium meats at a neighborhood market and baking his own bread. With the help of his family as tasters, he decided to put four sandwiches on his original menu. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer.
On January 13, 1983, Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwiches opened in Charleston, Illinois. Due to the poor location of his first store, Liautaud decided to include delivery of his sandwiches to boost sales. He began by bringing samples door-to-door to the dorms of nearby Eastern Illinois University, which he had attended for one semester. | The original Jimmy John's was located in Charleston, Illinois. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Slavisa Jokanovic affords himself a sneaky peak through the green mesh fence at Watford's London Colney training ground. Next door Arsenal are going through their paces. It is not too revealing but for Jokanovic it is a glimpse into what he hopes is the very near future. The former Chelsea midfielder wants to manage a Premier League club and Watford, one of seven teams to have been top of the Championship so far this season, have a foot in the door. 'I take a little look now and again,' he says wryly. 'It's good to have them so close, it's a reminder of what we want to be. We can't get ahead of ourselves as this is an unforgiving division but it's the dream. It's our focus.' Watford boss Slavisa Jokanovic hopes he can lead the club to the premier league next season . Jokanovic is the fourth man to be put in charge of Watford during this campaign and joined them in October . Unforgiving is befitting of a Championship promotion race that has nine teams still vying for a Premier League place with seven games remaining. The next week is a defining moment with Watford second in the table and facing rivals Derby County and Middlesbrough in their next two matches. The fact Watford are there at all is testament to the former Chelsea midfielder when you consider he is their fourth coach of the season. Perhaps ominously, he is also out of contract in the summer. 'It's true we didn't have the best start in terms of changes,' he says, with understatement. 'But I knew what I was coming to.' Italian Beppe Sannino began the season in charge and started well but his exit followed talk of dressing-room unrest. In a bizarre five-week period, Oscar Garcia succeeded Sannino but stepped down after suffering chest pains in his first game and was replaced by Billy McKinlay. Eight days later, after a win and a draw, owner Gino Pozzo called for Jokanovic, who had won two doubles with Partizan Belgrade and the Thai Premier League with Muangthong United. He was recommended to Pozzo by staff at one of the Italian businessman's other clubs, Granada, who recognised his ability to 'find solutions on a small budget'. Jokanovic shrugs. 'It was definitely strange. It's normal for other countries but unusual here,' he says. 'For me, it was just a great opportunity; a small door opened to a big chance. I didn't know the Championship well but I knew what to expect from my time at Chelsea. I've always watched English football and I believe in myself. 'You can look at the fact the club had three coaches before I arrived but I've never been one to worry about what may happen tomorrow, just try and control today. I was excited not worried. I knew there would be little money, that I couldn't bring my own staff but fortunately after a few days I found I was working with quality people. I'm confident I can make any team better. I've lived with pressure since I was 18. My family instilled the same principles, there's no magic formula, just a belief that if you work hard, life will treat you well.' Despite losing 1-0 to Ipswich in their last game, Watford are currently second in the Championship table . Watford midfielder Adlene Guedioura (left) dribbles with the ball ahead of Ipswich's Kevin Bru (right) Jokanovic, or 'Slav' as he prefers, is outside the training ground canteen, sipping coffee. The 46-year-old Serb cuts an imposing figure. He is tall, lean, ruggedly handsome and has a disarming charm when he talks passionately about his desire to return to the Premier League. He was frustrated in the transfer window as the Pozzo principle is more about work than spending, often making players fit between their three clubs Watford, Granada and Udinese. He says Bournemouth are the best team in the league but believes he has four good strikers who can make a difference. As a player, he was the 2000 model of Chelsea's defensive midfield linchpin Nemanja Matic; signed by Claudio Ranieri from Deportivo La Coruna. His regret, you sense, is that the Premier League did not see the best of him. 'I was 32 — and a half! My best time had been at Deportivo but I still played 52 games for Chelsea,' he says. 'It was faster, stronger. 'My debut was against Liverpool in the Worthington Cup and I remember being tackled and playing up for the free-kick like we did in Spain but my team-mates turned, saying 'Get up, get on with it, we don't do that here'. I was used to playing a passing game, even if it meant going backwards, but the fans would shout and [coach] Ray Wilkins took me to one side and said, 'I know what you want to do but here you have to move it forward more quickly'. It was all part of learning a different culture, it was good preparation for when I came back.' He has kept in touch with former team-mates Gianfranco Zola and Gus Poyet. Both have been sacked in recent months but he does not feel the need to call. 'Now is a time for them to be with their own thoughts,' he says. 'They know my feelings for them. They are champions and good friends.' Jokanovic during his Chelsea days pulls back Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Tim Sherwood (right) Watford players celebrate after Troy Deeny's goal against Rotherham United in February at Vicarage Road . Home is a few miles away near St Albans. He is at the training ground for 8am and likes to be last to leave. It is a solitary existence as his wife and three children have remained in Madrid, their family home for the past 13 years. Indeed, Jokanovic holds a Spanish passport. 'My eldest daughter is 19 and she came over to visit but it helps that I'm on my own because it sharpens my focus. The job is my life. It consumes almost every hour whether I'm considering the bigger picture or small details. This season could come down to one corner or one free-kick. Listen, if a team in this title race lose concentration, they can pay a very expensive price. Sir Elton John has promised Watford players a big party if they can secure promotion to the Premier League . 'I know what getting into the Premier League means to everyone. I was introduced to Sir Elton John when he opened the stand at Vicarage Road named in his honour before Christmas and he's a good guy, he promised he'd send champagne and we'd have a great party if we go up.' Although he confesses Watford's 'Rocket man' is not on his iPod playlist, Jokanovic will occasionally watch his favourite Robert De Niro film, the gangster epic Once Upon a Time In America, and is reading Sir Alex Ferguson's autobiography as he sources extra motivation. 'You always need to improve and find an edge so it makes sense to look at the man who won the Premier League more than anyone else. Hopefully, his words can help. I'm ready for this fight and I don't intend to surrender until I win it.' Whether it is admiring the neighbours or his reading material, Jokanovic is certainly looking in the right direction. If Jokanovic can secure Watford's return to the top flight, it will be their first appearance since 2006-07 . | Watford manager Slavisa Jokanovic is targeting promotion to the Premier League this season . The Hornets are currently second in the Championship table with seven games left to play . Lifelong Watford supporter and former club chairman Sir Elton John has promised the team a big party if they reach the Premier League . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Government employees have been caught stealing students' personal information to apply for loans, credit cards and set up new cell phone accounts,Daily Mail Online has learned. Reports on breaches of staff conduct inside the Department of Education shows how workers stole social security numbers from a database while a man was fired for trying to look up President Barack Obama’s student loan records. Cyber security campaigners warned that the failure to protect sensitive information because of 'bureaucratic incompetence' is just the 'tip of the iceberg'. Scroll down for documents . Identify theft: Reports from the Department of Education revealed officials tried to steal social security numbers from a database while another was disciplined for trying to look up President Obama’s student loans . Insiders involved in illicit breaches are often overlooked, simply because the public think hackers and cybercriminals are more often to blame, they said. Lee Tien, senior staff attorney and Adams Chair for Internet Rights at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told the Daily Mail Online 'insiders are frequently part of the breach story'. He added that entities - especially the government - need to uphold their duty to safeguard other people's personal information. Berin Szoka, the president of Tech Freedom, insisted some of the privacy issues come from within the government. 'As usual, the real privacy problem is government. Big Brother surveillance at the NSA is bad enough,' he told the Daily Mail Online. 'But bureaucratic incompetence can be far bigger problem. Failing to protect sensitive student loan data is just the tip of the iceberg of poor data security inside government.' According to the documents - obtained by the Daily Mail Online through a Freedom of Information Act request - a number of government employees set up an illicit scheme to steal students' information. One woman created a bogus Department of Education account to access the National Student Loan Data System to aid her criminal plot. While accessing the records, she would extract information from individual accounts. She swapped around the last four digits of her SSN with those of another during the scheme, and set up the fake identity to apply for credit cards, personal loans and set up a Sprint cell phone account. An internal investigation within the department found she went into the database 24 times between 2006 and 2009 to retrieve the information. Just 24 hours after searching through the database on one occasion in 2009, the documents revealed she applied for a personal loan. Concerns: Cyber security campaigners have warned that failing to protect sensitive information because of 'bureaucratic incompetence' is just the 'tip of the iceberg'. Pictured is the Department for Education's Washington headquarters . The unidentified employee was arrested and charged in 2011 for stealing more than $500 using the stolen details. One of the documents related to her case reads: 'It appears [the employee] did not have a business reason to run either name in the National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS).' After pleading guilty, she was sentenced to 18 months in jail with a 17-month suspended sentence. However, according to the documents, the employee only served a month in prison and was then given authorized work by a judge. It's not known what happened to the other staff members involved in the scheme. In 2011, a man violated department protocols by trying to access 'Barrack [sic] Obama’s student loans records. According to the documents he consistently spelled the president's name wrong - using two 'r's. The employee involved was not prosecuted, but lost his job after departmental staff also discovered he had misused his government-issued travel card. It is not clear why he tried to access the records as Obama has made the majority of his financial history public knowledge. He paid off his student loans in in 2004 while he was in the Illinois State Senate. He took out $42,753 in loans to pay for his Harvard Law School tuition while Michelle applied for $40,762 in loans for her Harvard Law education. The couple carried their debt for 25 years, but the president is believed to have paid it off using $1.9million worth of royalties from his book, Dreams of My Father. It was reissued and became a best seller after his speech at the Democratic convention in 2004. A third Department of Education employee was investigated in 2014 for using his government email to promote his own business at the taxpayers' expense. Some of the documents involved have been heavily redacted. The analysis revealed there were approximately 166 calls totaling 616 minutes or approximately 10 hours of calls during on-duty hours. His calls cost the government approximately $478.36 based on his hourly salary. He admitted that he shouldn't have used government equipment - including a scanner, printer, phone and email - for his own personal gain, but it's not clear what type of business he was operating or whether he was punished. Another part of the document trove described the investigation into Joseph Butler, a veteran department employee from Clarkstown, Georgia, who accessed child pornography for years. According to reports he was able to filter his computer activity and get around filtering software preventing government staff from visiting illicit websites. More than 70 disturbing images were founded embedded in several Microsoft Word documents that were then saved to his government computer. His Internet browsing history also revealed he had searched for child nudity and pornography. Butler used his computer to download images onto CD-ROMs, which federal agents found during a search of his home in July 2011. Agents also found graphic stories Butler had written about children. He is currently serving a 10-year prison sentence. When he is released he will have to sign up to the sex offenders register and completed five years of supervision. The Department of Education did not comment on the revelations. However a report in 2015 addressing 'management challenges' highlighted 'repeated problems in IT security and noted increasing threats and vulnerabilities to the Department’s systems and data.' The document said more steps needed to be taken to make sure federal employees did not breach the database. One of the factors considered was a two-step authorization process - but it is yet to be implemented. In September 2013 the Office of the Inspector General - who oversee the Department's management - warned officials there were weaknesses led to 'unauthorized accesses to private information.' | One employee used students' personal information to apply for a loan . A number of other workers were also involved in the illicit scheme . Created 'bogus' social security details related to another person . Another government employee lost their job for trying to access Obama's student loan files in 2011 . A third was probed last year for promoting his own business using government phones and computers at the taxpayers' expense . Cyber security campaigners said this is just the 'tip of the iceberg' and 'bureaucratic incompetence' could put personal information at risk . |
What does it mean if a database is ACID compliant? | In computer science, ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. In the context of databases, a sequence of database operations that satisfies the ACID properties (which can be perceived as a single logical operation on the data) is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction.
In 1983, Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID, building on earlier work by Jim Gray who named atomicity, consistency, and durability, but not isolation, when characterizing the transaction concept. These four properties are the major guarantees of the transaction paradigm, which has influenced many aspects of development in database systems.
According to Gray and Reuter, the IBM Information Management System supported ACID transactions as early as 1973 (although the acronym was created later).
Atomicity
Main article: Atomicity (database systems)
Transactions are often composed of multiple statements. Atomicity guarantees that each transaction is treated as a single "unit", which either succeeds completely or fails completely: if any of the statements constituting a transaction fails to complete, the entire transaction fails and the database is left unchanged. An atomic system must guarantee atomicity in each and every situation, including power failures, errors, and crashes. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database from occurring only partially, which can cause greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright. As a consequence, the transaction cannot be observed to be in progress by another database client. At one moment in time, it has not yet happened, and at the next, it has already occurred in whole (or nothing happened if the transaction was canceled in progress).
Consistency
Main article: Consistency (database systems)
Consistency ensures that a transaction can only bring the database from one consistent state to another, preserving database invariants: any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This prevents database corruption by an illegal transaction. Referential integrity guarantees the primary key–foreign key relationship.
Isolation
Main article: Isolation (database systems)
Transactions are often executed concurrently (e.g., multiple transactions reading and writing to a table at the same time). Isolation ensures that concurrent execution of transactions leaves the database in the same state that would have been obtained if the transactions were executed sequentially. Isolation is the main goal of concurrency control; depending on the isolation level used, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not be visible to other transactions.
Durability
Main article: Durability (database systems)
Durability guarantees that once a transaction has been committed, it will remain committed even in the case of a system failure (e.g., power outage or crash). This usually means that completed transactions (or their effects) are recorded in non-volatile memory. | ACID is an acronym that stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity means that actions occur either entirely or not at all; there is no partial write or situation where only part of an action was completed. For a database, this means that if data was written in a single transaction, that transaction either completes entirely or fails completely with no data left behind in a partial or corrupt state.
Consistency means that transactions take the state from one valid state to another valid state, with no way to enter an invalid state.
Isolation means that multiple readers/writers to the same database do not interfere with each other and can proceed without worrying about the effects of another action occurring.
Durability means that state is preserved across failures and shutdowns, e.g. that state is persisted to permanent storage. |
Give me the most popular characters in DC Comics from this paragraph without summarizing. | DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their first comic under the DC banner being published in 1937. The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, such as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Cyborg; as well as famous fictional teams including the Justice League, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League Dark, the Doom Patrol, and the Teen Titans. The universe also features an assortment of well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Cheetah, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Sinestro, and Darkseid. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo and now DC Black Label. | Some of the most popular characters in DC Comics include Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman, and Green Lantern. These characters are often portrayed by themselves as well as affiliated in superhero teams, such as the Justice League and the Teen Titans. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An 88-year-old Missouri man has pleaded guilty in the stabbing death of his ailing 86-year-old wife last year. Donald Rowland pleaded guilty in Boone County Circuit Court Monday to first-degree involuntary manslaughter. His sentencing has been scheduled for April 13. Rowland was originally charged with first-degree murder and armed criminal action in the death of his wife, Betty Rowland, but prosecutors reduced those charges last month. Authorities have said an adult daughter called police after going to the couple's home in Columbia in October 2014 and finding her parents together in bed, both with stab wounds. Tragic couple: Donald Rowland (left), 88, has pleaded guilty to first-degree involuntary manslaughter in the October 2014 stabbing death of his wife of 64 years, Betty Rowland (right) Police say Rowland told officers he killed his wife and tried to take his own life, because he didn't want them to be a burden on their family. A neighbor told the Columbia Daily Tribune that Betty Rowland had recently had a stroke. Appearing in court Monday in a striped jail garb and accompanied by his attorney, Rowland only answered 'yes' and 'no' in response to Judge Kevin Crane's questions. Prosecutor Merilee Crockett recommended seven years in prison for the octogenarian defendant. At around 12.20pm on October 31, 2014, Betty and Donald Rowland's grown daughter stopped by her parents' condominium in the 3400 block of Woodrail Terrace to check up on them and discovered the couple wounded in bed. Horrific discovery: Betty and Donald Rowland's grown daughter stopped by her parents' condominium in the 3400 block of Woodrail Terrace to check up on them and discovered the couple wounded in bed . Mrs Rowland suffered two fatal stab wounds to the chest and was pronounced dead at the scene. Her husband of 64 years was taken to University Hospital with self-inflicted injuries, according to a probable cause affidavit. Betty Montgomery married Donald Rowland, her college sweetheart, in 1950, and the two went on to have four children, 13 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. Mrs Rowland, a music teacher by trade, followed her husband, a career military officer in the US Air Force, when he was posted to Yokota Air Base in Japan, where she taught piano to military personnel. When she was not giving music lessons and singing in a choir, the mother of four acted as a Brownie and Girl Scout leader, a PTA officer and was involved in charity work. | Donald Rowland, pleaded guilty to first-degree involuntary manslaughter in wife Betty's October 2014 death . One of the couple's four grown children found her parents together in bed, both with stab wounds . Betty Rowland, Donald's wife of 64 years and grandmother of 13, had had a stroke not long before her killing . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The way is now clear for Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore to be promoted to executive chairman following the removal of one potential source of embarrassment. His former temporary personal assistant Rani Abraham made a claim last June of sex discrimination and harassment after she caused a furore by leaking a sexist email exchange between Scudamore and TV rights lawyer Nick West. But Abraham, 41, now wants to move on, according to a friend, and a planned employment tribunal case will not go ahead. Scudamore is expected to have his elevation rubber-stamped at the Premier League summit a week on Thursday, especially as the clubs are flush with the proceeds of the £5billion domestic TV rights deal orchestrated by Scudamore and have more billions to come from the overseas market. The appointment of an executive chairman will need a statute change and to ensure there is some counterbalance to Scudamore getting everything his own way, it’s likely the Premier League will also appoint two new independent directors. Richard Scudamore is set to be promoted to Premier League's executive chairman . Brian Cookson, president of world cycling’s UCI, is taking the lead in testing men and women competing in the same race after IOC president Thomas Bach promoted the idea for future Olympic Games. The UCI are putting on a trial involving British Under 23 riders at their Aigle HQ in Switzerland on Friday, when they will experiment with sprints and other races. Data from sports scientists show men are 10 to 15 per cent stronger and fitter than women cyclists. Thomas Bach has promoted the idea of men and women competing together in future Olympics . World Rugby chief executive Brett Gosper feels no need to apologise for his pro-England tweet that upset sensitive fans of pool rivals Wales. After seeing Eoin Morgan’s cricketers fail to get out of their World Cup group, the 55-year-old Aussie posted: ‘England fail to exit pool in World Cup... Not the words we want to hear during #RWC2015.’ Speaking at the Sport Industry Breakfast on Tuesday, Gosper said every event organiser wants the host nation to do well, but is confident of England hosting the most successful ever global rugby tournament whatever the fate of Stuart Lancaster’s team. World Rugby chief executive Brett Gosper sparked controversy for his comments about England qualifying . Drawing pools for the Rugby World Cup three years before the kick-off led to the farce of Wales, who had briefly slipped out of the world’s top eight, being in the same group as England and Australia when the three are currently ranked fourth, fifth and sixth. That is going to change for Japan 2019, with the draw moving back by at least a year. World Rugby chief Brett Gosper would also like bidding contracts for the 2023 World Cup to forbid the online secondary sale of tickets. ITV get a 2015 drive on . Land Rover, whose serious upset over the way England rugby players behaved on an infamous sponsors day during the 2011 World Cup resulted in them not renewing their RFU official vehicle sponsorship, are nevertheless still sufficiently engaged with the sport to be backing ITV’s coverage of this year’s tournament. Seven players involved in driving Land Rovers that day are either still in or on the fringes of Stuart Lancaster’s squad. One player wrote in the leaked RFU World Cup report: ‘It was four hours of being stuck in a car driving slowly to satisfy following TV cameras — there were even TV cameras filming from helicopters. There was no fishing, no surfing, no BBQ and more importantly no R and R.’ Another player added: ‘We were told we weren’t allowed to do any commercial stuff during the World Cup but here they (Land Rover) were exploiting us on our day off to promote their brand.’ Land Rover will be sponsoring ITV's coverage of the 2015 Rugby World Cup later this year . Land Rover did not renew their deal with the RFU in the wake of England's 2011 World Cup campaign . The speedy turnover in the international cricket calendar that sees England’s Test squad named on Wednesday after Tuesday’s debrief of the World Cup shambles is very fortunate for head coach Peter Moores and managing director Paul Downton. It allows them to move quickly on to the West Indies tour when a more lengthy analysis of England’s dismal failure to get out of their group at the World Cup after six months of uninterrupted one-day cricket would surely have resulted in both men being axed. England coach Peter Moores will switch attention back to the longer form with a Test team announcement . | Richard Scudamore to be promoted to Premier League executive chairman . UCI to test the idea of men competing alongside women . Brett Gosper feels no need to apologise for pro-England tweet . Land Rover to sponsor ITV's coverage of the Rugby World Cup . England Test team to be announced on Wednesday after World Cup exit . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Red Bull team principal Christian Horner has hailed Sebastian Vettel's Malaysian Grand Prix victory as a 'classic' performance. Horner and Red Bull were forced to bid farewell to Vettel at the end of last season as the 27-year-old decided to pursue his dream of driving for Ferrari. Despite winning four world titles and 39 grands prix with the Milton Keynes-based marque, Vettel felt the time was right to try pastures new. Sebastian Vettel celebrates emerging victorious at the Malaysian Grand Prix with Ferrari on Sunday . Red Bull team principal Christian Horner praised Vettel's performance, saying 'he drove brilliantly' Vettel celebrates taking victory in his Ferrari in the immediate aftermath of the Malaysian Grand Prix . On the back of his triumph at the Sepang International Circuit, it would appear to be an inspired move as Red Bull are floundering, whilst Ferrari are clearly back with a bang. Acknowledging Vettel's display, Horner said: 'On a personal note it's great to see him win. I'm pleased for him. He looked a happy chap. 'I thought he drove brilliantly. It was classic Vettel. He got his head down at the front, managed the tyres and managed to make a two-stop strategy work. 'The Ferrari did look very gentle on its tyres in the heat and temperature (33 degrees centigrade). 'Seb has clearly got a good feel in the car, it has good driveability and he's very good at looking after the tyres, and in that situation he is quite often unbeatable.' Looking at the bigger picture, Horner added: 'Although it wasn't a great day for us, it was at least a good day for Formula One in that in a straight race Ferrari managed to beat Mercedes.' The start to the new season has so far been disastrous for Red Bull for after complaining vociferously about power-unit supplier Renault after the season-opening Australian Grand Prix, it was brake issues that proved the team's undoing in Malaysia. Daniil Kvyat and Daniel Ricciardo could only manage ninth and 10th respectively, even finishing behind the rookie pairing from 'sister' team Toro Rosso in Max Verstappen and Carlos Sainz Jr who were seventh and eighth. Holding up Ferrari's turnaround as an example of what can be achieved, Horner added: 'They have done a good job. 'It demonstrates everything is possible, and shows how things can change quite quickly. 'We just have to focus on our issues and address them in the forthcoming races because we had a very tough afternoon. F1 stats provided by F1 Stat Blog . Daniil Kvyat was Red Bull's highest finisher in Malaysia, crossing the line in ninth position . Horner wants his Red Bull team to use Ferrari as an example of the level of turnaround that can happen . 'As soon as we started to run into traffic, temperatures started to get out of control, in particular managing the brakes, and then we didn't really have any pace. 'It was then about trying to manage our race to make sure we got to the end, so a frustrating afternoon really. 'We need to go away and understand some of the issues from the weekend and make sure we address them, hopefully in time for the next race in China.' | Christian Horner says Sebastian Vettel's Malaysia display was 'classic' Red Bull could only take ninth and tenth in the Malaysian Grand Prix . But Horner believes his team will be able to quickly improve their form . CLICK HERE for all the latest F1 news after Sunday's Malaysian GP . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Easter bunny was invented in German folklore, where an 'Easter Hare' was used to determine whether children had been well-behaved. Much like Father Christmas, the brown-coloured animals was often depicted carrying a selection of treats to good children's houses. But while the traditional version of the rabbit was a natural-looking creature, the modern character has become an often terrifying white, pink, purple and yellow creation. The Easter bunny is meant to be a joyful character, but often botched costumes mean they are more horrific than happy, as this picture demonstrates . The symbol of the Easter often results in a terrifying sight when produced on a budget. Children who would usually be delighted to be meeting someone who will be gifting them with chocolate eggs end up screaming for their parents. As reported by Metro, unfortunate humans who have been given the task of dressing up as the rabbit end up looking more like the terrifying Donnie Darko character than a friendly furball. Read on to see some of the creepiest Easter bunnies around.... This bunny would be better suited to Halloween . This Easter rabbit looks like he could behave a starring role in Texas Chainsaw Massacre . This bunny isn't giving much cheer out... and appears to have lost its neck . This child is braver than most adults, getting this close to an evil-looking bunny . This bunny looks like it needs to break out . This Easter rabbit needs to work on its body language . This bunny on the left might like to lay off the coffee, while the bunny on the right hasn't had much luck impressing these children . This bunny took the hand-on approach too literally . This bunny looks like it could borrow a few cups of coffee from bunny No.7 . | Easter bunnies are supposed to be friendly characters that bring gifts . But cheap costumes often leave the rabbit looking odd and scary . FEMAIL round up some of the best pictures of creepy Easter bunnies . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Borussia Dortmund had to settle for a point after they were held to a second successive Bundesliga draw at home to Cologne on Saturday. A win would have sent Jurgen Klopp’s side just one point behind ninth placed Werder Bremen, but they were unable to take advantage against a resolute Cologne. Cologne won their first came since January last weekend and they followed it up with a strong performance against a resurgent Dortmund. Ilkay Guendogan battles for the ball with Yuya Osako during the Borussia Dortmund and Cologne game . Dortmund's striker Marco Reus vies for the ball during the match against Cologne . It had looked like it was going to be an action packed Bundesliga battle as Brazilian Deyverson beat the hosts’ defence before failing to capitalise on his chance. Moments later Dortmund had the chance to punish Cologne’s inability to take their chances but failed themselves as defender Neven Subotic headed over. However, that was the end of the action as the visitors installed a deep defensive line as Klopp’s side began to try and probe their opposition. Kevin Kamp of Dortmund battles for the ball with Slawomir Peszko at at Signal Iduna Park . Dortmund's head coach Juergen Klopp reacts during the German first division Bundesliga clash . Dortmund’s inability to break down a stubborn Cologne defence was not helped when Henrikh Mkhitaryan suffered what looked to be a painful injury. He was replaced by Jakub Blaszczykowski on the hour mark and is now a doubt for the Champions League clash with Juventus later this week. Blaszczykowski himself failed to find the key to unlock the Cologne defence and Klopp’s side were forced to settle for a second successive Bundesliga draw. | Jurgen Klopp's Borussia Dortmund failed to break down stubborn Cologne . Relegation threatened visitors stayed strong as hosts looked to prevail . Dortmund missed the chance to close gap on ninth placed Werder Bremen . Klopp's side face Juventus in the Champions League later this week . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A local fisherman believes that trophy killings by tourists were behind the horrific mutilation and death of two large saltwater crocodiles at Dundee Beach in the Northern Territory on Wednesday. The NT Times reported that Darwin man Jake Hinton, 27, found the dead crocodiles while driving with his parents to go on a family fishing trip. Hinton's father found the first one on the ground in the run off from a little creek. It was missing a head and half-skinned, but did not appear to have any bullet holes. One crocodile had been there for a while. It was bloated and rotting . TOne of the crocodiles was missing a head and half-skinned on the ground . The second crocodile was found by Hinton about 200m from the mouth of the Finniss River. 'I could smell this one before we saw it, it had been there for a while and was bloated,' he told the NT Times. 'This one had nothing removed from it and there was an obvious bullet wound in its skull, which is probably why they didn’t take it. The second crocodile was found about 200m from the mouth of the Finniss River . 'I think it’s just senseless joy killing by idiot tourists looking for a trophy.' A spokeswoman for the Parks and Wildlife Commission said the department was investigating the incidents. The authority had 10 reports of crocodiles being slaughtered illegally in the NT over the past year. The headless crocodile was found in the run off from a little creek . | Darwin man Jake Hinton, 27, found the dead crocodiles while out driving . One crocodile was missing a head and half-skinned . The other was bloated and about 200m from the mouth of the Finniss River . Parks and Wildlife Commission was investigating the incidents . 10 crocodiles were slaughtered illegally in the NT over the past year . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the man who spent two years touring the UK in a quest to find the perfect pie. Author Martin Tarbuck, from Wigan, Lancashire, had his fingers in a total of 314 pastries on his search for the best the country has to offer. The 41-year-old judged each pie on a number of important criteria - purveyor, premises, purchase, place, pastry, presentation, package, palate, price, and portion - as part of his research for a book on British pies. Scroll down for video . Martin Tarbuck ate 314 pies over the course of 700 days to find Britain's best pastry . A humble meat and potato pie from a bakers in Cumbria topped the chart, with Martin describing it as 'softer than an angel crying on your tongue'. The pie-mad author said: 'Sometimes I go looking for the pie, sometimes the pie finds me. Sometimes it's a shop recommendation, sometimes I just hit a particular town or city and see what it has got to offer. 'People, towns, cities and counties are proud of their pies and love to make and eat their own regional variations of them. 'It was my staple diet for 700 days, although I was prepared to mix it up a bit in the interests of research. There were also pasties, chunky steak pies, breakfast items, and chicken and mushroom pies.' The crowning winner set him back £1.15 from Greens Bakery and Confectioners in Barrow, Cumbria, and was awarded a heartwarming 61 points. Martin Tarbuck's book Life of Pies . Reviewing it, the father-of-one said: This is what I've been searching for! 'Externally it doesn't look at all spectacular but once I open it up I'm left in awe as to how they pack it all in. 'Layer after layer of thick spud slice expanding like a concertina. It looks like one of those penny drops at the fairground where the chutes zig zag. 'Absolute pastry perfection. I'm in love.' The 41-year-old's love of pies originates from his hometown - arguably the pie capital of the UK. 'It is the duty of a Wigan man to sample as many pies as is humanly possible from around the world,' he said. 'For many decades large swathes of professional and amateur commentators alike have laughed at the town of Wigan and mocked its inhabitants for being pie eating simpletons. 'Nevertheless what I discovered during my research is that pies are not necessarily a Wigan thing. They are a national treasure where each area has its individual intricacies and delicacies. 'You know the way Hugh Hefner parades around his Beverley Hills mansion in his dressing gown surrounded by a bevy of poolside beauties? 'Well that's how I feel when you put pies in front of me through my eyes, there's no ugly ones and each and every one of them deserves to be loved equally.' The Wigan native crowned a humble meat and potato pie from a bakers in Cumbria as Britain's best . And after years of practice in eating them, he has firm rules as to how they should be consumed. Martin said: 'A pie has to be completely encased for a start - otherwise there's no chance of eating it with your hands, and the top crust should be the decorative invitation to the party that lies within. 'Oh and if that pastry falls apart, then so do I. With rage.' Martin has penned a book on finding the perfect pie - with in depth reviews of each and every one he has sunk his teeth into. Martin addeed: 'I feel duly obliged to say that pies, brilliant though they are, should only be consumed in moderation.' | Author Martin Tarbuck ate 314 pies whilst conducting research for book . Britain's best pie is from Greens Bakery and Confectioners in Cumbria . Pastries on presentation, price, package, portion and presentation . |
What was the final name of Great Northern in this passage | Due to its historical roots as a town housing railroad workers, Hillyard acquired a rather rough reputation, which lasts into recent decades. (As recently as 1979, Daniel Leen described the Hillyard train yards in his book The Freighthoppers Manual for North America as having "the feel of warmed-over death.") After the Great Northern underwent a series of mergers, becoming the Burlington Northern Railroad and eventually the BNSF Railway, the Hillyard yard and shops were closed in the early 1980s with BN's main yard operations in Spokane moving to Yardley. Only the decaying structures of the old shops remain today. Hillyard suffers some of the worst poverty in Spokane, per capita it is the poorest neighborhood in the state of Washington. The eastern border of the neighborhood, east of the railroad tracks, is sometimes affectionately referred to as "Dog Town" by some residents | After the first merger Great Northern became Burlington Northern Railroad, then eventually BNSF Railway. |
What is Google Sheets and how does it compatible with Microsoft Excel? | Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. Google Sheets is available as a web application, mobile app for: Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, BlackBerry OS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS. The app is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats. The app allows users to create and edit files online while collaborating with other users in real-time. Edits are tracked by a user with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering answers based on natural language questions in a spreadsheet. This is one of the services provided by Google that also includes Google Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep. | Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google and is compatible with Microsoft Excel file formats (e.g., .XLS, .XLSX, .CSV, etc., . . .). |
Given this paragraph about the NFL, in what year was the Super Bowl first held? | Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 | 1967 |
Based on the following passage, what are the environmental consequences of fracking? | The potential environmental effects of hydraulic fracturing include air emissions and climate change, high water consumption, groundwater contamination, land use, risk of earthquakes, noise pollution, and various health effects on humans. Air emissions are primarily methane that escapes from wells, along with industrial emissions from equipment used in the extraction process. Modern UK and EU regulation requires zero emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Escape of methane is a bigger problem in older wells than in ones built under more recent EU legislation. | The environmental effects of fracking include air emissions (primarily methane), groundwater contamination, high water consumption, groundwater contamination, land use, noise pollution, risk of earthquakes, and health effects on humans. |
Based on this paragraph, who was Donald Trump's physician during 2018 to 2021? | Sean Patrick Conley (born 1980) is an American physician and United States Navy officer who served as the Physician to the President from 2018 to 2021. Conley served as physician to president Donald Trump during the COVID-19 pandemic, often serving as the president's medical advisor, and treating the president when he tested positive for COVID-19. | Sean Patrick Conley |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Five Chelsea supporters suspected of involvement in an incident in Paris in which a black man was prevented from boarding a train will fight applications to impose football banning orders, a court heard. Controversy erupted when fans were filmed singing racist chants and refusing to let the man on the Paris Metro train ahead of the west London club's match against Paris Saint-Germain last month. Several Chelsea supporters chanted: 'We're racist, we're racist and that's the way we like it.' Richard Barklie of Northern Ireland leaves Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court on Wednesday . Barklie and four other men appeared at court in regards to a police application for football banning orders . Jordan Munday, 20, of Sidcup also appeared at the north-east London court . The Metropolitan Police are applying for football banning orders to be imposed on five men who they believe were involved in the incident. They all attended Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court in north-east London for a preliminary hearing. They are: Richard Barklie, 50, Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland; Dean Callis, 32, Islington, north London; Jordan Munday, 20, Sidcup, south-east London; Josh Parsons, 20, Dorking and William Simpson, 26, Ashford, Surrey. Joshua Parsons leaves Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court after the preliminary hearing . William Simpson, seen here leaving the court, was one of five men who appeared in regards to a police application for football banning orders . Prosecutor Ian Rees Phillips told the court - which was packed with legal representatives and reporters from the UK and France - that the five men opposed the implementation of the banning orders. District Judge Mary Connolly said the orders would involve severe restrictions to civil liberties. They are designed as a preventative measure to stop potential troublemakers from travelling to football matches at home and abroad. The French commuter kept off the train, Souleymane S, has said the incident 'destroyed' him and left him unable to work or travel on public transport. He said his children had been left 'traumatised' by reports of what happened and that he had become depressed. The men were smartly dressed in suits as they sat in the court during the short hearing. The case was adjourned for an administrative hearing at Thames Magistrates' Court, east London, on June 5. The full hearing is expected to last two days and will take place at Waltham Forest Magistrates' Court on July 15 and 16. 32-year-old Dean Callis leaves the court after attending the preliminary hearing . Souleymane S, a black man, was prevented getting on a train by Chelsea fans in Paris in February . Fans appeared to be chanting: 'We're racist, we're racist and that's the way we like it' The five Chelsea fans suspected of being involved in the disgraceful incident have been suspended from attending matches . Barklie, a former policeman, has previously apologised for his involvement on the night of the incident. The ex-Royal Ulster Constabulary and Police Service of Northern Ireland officer insisted he was not a racist person. A spokesman for the law firm representing him said: 'He did not participate in racist chanting and singing and condemns any behaviour supporting that. 'He accepts he was involved in an incident when a person now known to him as Souleymane S was unable to enter a part of the train. 'He has an account to give to police which will explain the context and circumstances as they prevailed at that particular time.' Jose Mourinho (left) admitted he felt 'ashamed' by the racially-motivated incident involving Chelsea fans . Souleymane S says he is still traumatised and has not accepted the invitation to watch a game in London . Chelsea fans unfurled a 'Black or white, we're all blue' banner during last month's clash at home to Burnley . A picture emerged of finance worker Parsons posing with Ukip leader Nigel Farage, but the party denied that he is a member and claimed that it has never heard of him. His manager at the Business and Commercial Finance Club in Mayfair said he faced disciplinary action at work if he was charged over the incident. Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho said the club was 'appalled' by the racial abuse, adding that owner Roman Abramovich was also 'disgusted'. An investigation revealed earlier this week that Chelsea supporters have been involved in the highest number of reported racist incidents as they travelled to and from matches on trains. The British Transport Police said that since 2012 it had dealt with 15 incidents of alleged racism involving Chelsea fans, the most of any club in the country. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Group of Chelsea fans stopped Souleymane S, 33, getting onto the train . They were filmed chanting song: 'We're racist and that's the way we like it' Police want football ban order imposed on the five men allegedly involved . Supporters appeared in court today, saying they will fight proposed ban . Men are Richard Barklie, 50; Josh Parsons, 20; Dean Callis, 32; Jordan Munday, 20 and William Simpson, 26 . Orders can last five years and stop fans going to matches home and away . |
Extract a list of all countries sharing a border with Germany from this passage. | Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe; bordering Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, and Switzerland to the south-southwest. France, Luxembourg and Belgium are situated to the west, with the Netherlands to the northwest. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. German territory covers 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 348,672 km2 (134,623 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water.
Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres or 9,721 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: in the municipality Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Wilstermarsch at 3.54 metres or 11.6 feet below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel. | Following countries share a border with Germany:
- Denmark
- Poland
- Czech Republic
- Austria
- Switzerland
- France
- Luxembourg
- Belgium
- Netherlands |
What are some of the uses of gilding metal? | Gilding metal is a form of brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) with a much higher copper content than zinc content. Exact figures range from 95% copper and 5% zinc to “8 parts copper to 1 of zinc” (11% zinc) in British Army Dress Regulations.
Gilding metal is used for various purposes, including the jackets of bullets, driving bands on some artillery shells, as well as enameled badges and other jewellery. The sheet is widely used for craft metalworking by hammer working. It is also used particularly as a lower-cost training material for silversmiths. Starting in 1944, shell casings made of gilding metal were melted down by the United States Mint to be made into pennies. These pennies replaced the less popular steel cent of 1943, and the pennies of this composition were produced until 1946.
Gilding metal was also used for the "bronze" Olympic medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan in 2021.
Gilding metal may be annealed by heating to between 800–1,450 °F (427–788 °C). It should be cooled slowly afterwards, to reduce risk of cracking. | Army Dress, weapons, metalworking, penny production, and Olympic medals |
Please summarize the timeline of the Chinese Exclusion Act. | The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only major U.S. law ever implemented to prevent all members of a specific national group from immigrating to the United States.
Passage of the law was preceded by growing anti-Chinese sentiment and anti-Chinese violence, as well as various policies targeting Chinese migrants. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S.–China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. They were widely evaded.
The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion and allowed 105 Chinese immigrants to enter the United States each year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. | The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed on May 6, 1882. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | His best-known characters characters are famous for their clothes. But the Cat in the Hat and the Fox in Socks have previous little in common with the stars another Dr Seuss tale. Indeed, the gang of naked sisters who star in The Seven Lady Godivas: The True Facts Concerning History’s Barest Family, are famous for wearing no clothes at all. Not the usual: Dr Seuss penned this saucy book in 1939 - but it never gained much popularity despite featuring pages of cartoon nudity . The famed author, whose birthday yesterday is now celebrated as a national reading festival, wrote and illustrated the failed exhibitionist tome in 1939. But despite his efforts to 'draw the sexiest babes I could', it only sold 2,500 copies, and went out of print. As a recent feature in Mashable details, the book retells the English legend of Lady Godiva - who rode naked through the streets of Coventry to protest her husband's unfair tax hikes. However, Seuss altered the story by multiplying the number of nudes by seven - and making sure they stayed that way at all times, rather than just to prove a point. In a foreword to the out-of-print tale, he wrote that he was correcting an inaccuracy in inserting six more naked women into the story - and that their nudity was a source of 'pride'. Not quite: Dr Seuss is much better-known for other creations, such as the Cat in the Hat . Change of heart: Seuss, also known as Theodor Geisel, decided to stick to children's books after The Seven Lady Godivas . Seuss, real name Theodor Geisel, wrote that he was in fact telling 'a beautiful story of love, honor and scientific achievement'. Publishing the book was allegedly a condition for Random House, Seuss's new publisher, when he jumped ship to them. However, it seems few agreed with his own high opinion of the bawdy tale. While 10,000 copies were printed, only 2,500 were ever bought. He later accepted that the book was no good. According to The Atlantic, he said: 'I attempted to draw the sexiest babes I could, but they came out looking absurd. After the experience he turned his back on the adult audience. His New York Times obituary records him once saying: 'I'd rather write for kids. They're more appreciative; adults are obsolete children, and the hell with them.' Before Dr Seuss decided that she should have six naked cartoon sisters, Lady Godiva was a well-known figure in English legend, whose story introduced Peeping Tom into the world. Godiva was a real historical figure who lived in the 11th-century city of Coventry, and was married to Earl Leofric of Mercia. According to folklore, she rode naked through the streets to free her people from her husband's oppressive tax regime. Original: Lady Godiva was the legendary wife of an English earl, who rode naked through the streets of Coventry as a protest against an unfair tax on his people. She is pictured above in an 1898 oil painting by John Collier . Godiva had begged her husband to lift the onerous taxes time and again - but failed to persuade him. Eventually, he said he would only relent if she completed the implausible task of riding naked through the streets - which she agreed to. To preserve her modesty, she asked all the citizens of the town to clear the streets, shutter their windows and look away. According to the story, everybody complied except a tailor called Tom. But after stealing a glance, he was struck instantly blind. He, and people like him, were known forever afterwards as a Peeping Tom. | Seuss penned The Seven Lady Godivas in 1939 - but it was a flop . Tome features seven cartoon sisters who were committed nudists . Seuss said he tried to 'draw the sexiest babes I could' for the book . Godivas tale was heavily adapted from English legend about a naked noble . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two passenger trains have collided in Thailand injuring more than 20 people and possibly causing fatalities. Images of the twisted metal from the disaster in Ayutthaya province began to emerge on social media earlier today, amid police reports that one of the train drivers is in a critical condition. Authorities still do not know what caused the wreck just north of the country's capital Bangkok but revealed that one train crashed into the back of another one. Scroll down for video . Disaster: Pictures emerged showing the twisted metal of two trains that collided in Thailand injuring at least 20 people . Tragedy: Images of the twisted metal from the carriages began to emerge on social media today, with report that 'many' had been killed . Twisted metal: This is the third major transport accident to occur in Thailand this month after a truck collided with a train on Friday . Rescue operation: Firemen and rescuers traversed the wreckage to look for survivors amid reports that there were fatalities in the crash . Critical: A local police officer said most of the injuries were minor but at least two people were in a critical condition . A local police officer has said 22 people are believed to be injured, but that number is expected to grow. Nateepat Thammaratsophon said most of the injuries were minor but the train's driver and a mechanic were in a critical condition. Most of the passengers on board managed to climb out of the demolished carriages and left the site on another train provided by the state-owned railway company. Images from the site show rescue workers climbing in and out of the mangled wreckage as they look for survivors. Mr Thammaratsophon said both trains departed Bangkok and were headed north when one rear-ended, adding: 'We are still investigation the cause of the collision.' The accident was the latest to hit Thailand's transportation industry after a pick-up truck driver crashed his vehicle into a passing train on Friday. And in another incident on Tuesday, a Bangkok-bound passenger train collided with another truck during heavy rains near the northern city of Chiang Mai, killing seven construction workers. Eyewitness Jeerawat Sukhanont tweeted from the scene: 'Urgent!! Now passenger train collision happened 2 sub-station... has killed and wounded many.' Desperate: Most of the people on board the trains managed to climb out through the twisted metal . Emergency: But the driver of one of the trains and a mechanic are believed to be in a critical condition following the horrific accident . Terrifying: Eyewitness Jeerawat Sukhanont tweeted from the scene: 'Urgent!! Now passenger train collision happened 2 sub-station... has killed and wounded many' Casualties: A local police officer has said 22 people are believed to be injured, but that number is expected to grow . | A transport train crashed into the back of another near Thailand's capital . The cause is still unknown but at least 22 people were injured in disaster . Train driver and a mechanic are in a critical condition, police officer said . Images show rescue workers looking for survivors in destroyed carriages . Third major transport accident in the country this month has 'killed many' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former UFC middleweight Ryan Jensen turned into a detective when he left the gym to find out his car had been broken into and robbed. Jensen may not have enjoyed the most successful of UFC careers, having won just two of six bouts, but there was no way he was going to lose this battle. The 37-year-old instead he scoured the CCTV system of the gym he was training at when the robbery happened. Former UFC middleweight Ryan Jensen had his car broken into when he was training at the gym . The video recordings showed a man and a woman breaking in to the car before speeding off in a black car just minutes later. And rather than cancelling all his cards the fighter, who has been in the Octagon alongside the likes of Thales Leites, Demian Maia and Mark Munoz, kept track of their spending. His detective work eventually led him to a nearby Walmart store as payment history showed that was the last place his cards had been used. Surprisingly the suspects were still in the supermarket car park when he arrived and he used his ransacked car to block the culprits in. One of the crafty duo ran into the store, but luckily police were on hand to apprehend the crooks. Court McGee and Jensen face off at the UFC 121 weigh-in at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California . McGee connects with a right to the face of Jensen during the welterweight bout during UFC 121 . | Former UFC middleweight Ryan Jensen had his car broken into . The break in happened when the 37-year-old was in the gym . Jensen watched the gym's CCTV system to see who committed the crime . He tracked the suspects down and handed them over to the police . CLICK HERE for all the latest UFC news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The British tennis player left red-faced when Andy Murray claimed he had a 'little girlfriend in Glasgow' - as well as his long-term partner in London - has insisted it was all a joke. Dominic Inglot covered his face with his hands as Murray's relationship claims 'landed him in it' on live TV after Great Britain beat the United States in the Davis Cup yesterday. Inglot returned home today insisting the whole episode was a wind-up by Murray and he has now explained it to his 'understanding' girlfriend. Homecoming: Tennis player Dominic Inglot returned home today after he was left embarrassed when Andy Murray claimed he had a girlfriend in Glasgow, a joke Inglot later had to explain to his girlfriend in London . Speaking outside his home in Chiswick, west London, he told how the shock hit him as Murray made the joke to Eurosport presenter Annabel Croft. The 29-year-old told MailOnline: 'It's just a bit of banter that went wrong. Andy thought he was going to have a laugh and put me in the spotlight but he didn't realise I had just started a relationship. 'We thought there was a girl that might have the hots for me and boys like to take things out of hand, but there's nothing to it whatsoever. 'But I was like "oh my god, now my girlfriend's going to think I've actually done something". 'But I called her up and said what had happened and within two minutes we were laughing about it. 'I explained that Andy likes messing with his team and that's what makes this team really close together. 'Me and Andy were on the aeroplane last night and he said "Oh my god I'm so sorry, everything's going to be blown out of proportion". 'But I said "listen it's okay my girlfriend's completely understanding she knows what banter is like with the boys". It's all a bit of a laugh she understands and we can all laugh about it now.' Murray, far left, with Annabel Croft, his brother Jamie, centre, and a mortified Dominic Inglot after the former Wimbledon champion told the TV reporter he had a 'little girlfriend in Glasgow' Murray was left laughing after he realised he had dropped his team-mate in it with his London girlfriend . Inglot said he first met his girlfriend, who does not live with him and he does not want to name, in September last year. On TV yesterday, Murray claimed his team-mate has a 'little girlfriend on the go here in Glasgow' so would happily stay on in Scotland after the tennis. But Murray didn't realise Inglot already has a girlfriend of six months at home in London. When asked for the name of the lady in question, a mortified Inglot replied: 'You've actually landed me in this. Because I actually have a girlfriend that's going to be watching this.' Murray was left in hysterics as the team sheepishly shuffled away from the disastrous interview. Inglot did not go out celebrating last night in Glasgow but flew straight back to London with team mates as he is due to fly out to play in America tomorrow. Great Britain yesterday celebrated a 3-1 victory over the USA to reach the quarter finals of the Davis Cup. Tweet: Dominic Inglot appeared eager to set the record straight on Twitter following Murray's joke . Great Britain yesterday celebrated a 3-2 victory over the US to reach the quarter finals of the Davis Cup . | Murray asked how team-mate Dominic Inglot would celebrate cup victory . Replied that Inglot has a 'little girlfriend on the go here in Glasgow' But the player already has a girlfriend of six months at home in London . Murray was unaware that Inglot had partner and that joke would backfire . Inglot explained today Murray claims were just a laugh between the team . He phoned his girlfriend to explain and says she's been 'understanding' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wildfires raged along Cape Town's famous mountains for a fourth day, destroying homes, a hotel and scorching thousands of hectares of spectacular scenery. Firefighting teams and water-bombing aircraft were still desperately trying to curb the spread of the flames sweeping down Cape Town's southern peninsula, a mountainous spine of land running from the city to Cape Point, Africa's most southwestern tip. It is believed the fire has already ravaged some 4,000 hectares of land - burning the flowering, shrub-like vegetation known as fynbos, part of the unique Cape floral kingdom. Scroll down for video . Destroyed: Geofrey Collings helps his 82-year-old wife Fran through the wreckage of their home, which was destroyed by the fire . Raging: Fires caught on both sides of the famous peninsula, closing the famous Chapman's Peak Drive as it burned above Hout Bay (pictured) Lucky: So far, there have been no reported fatalities or serious injuries due to the fire - although people have been treated for smoke inhallation . It has also destroyed or damaged at least 13 homes so far, as well as the five-star Tintswalo Atlantic Lodge, which is perched on the edge of the ocean near the fishing port and commuter village of Hout Bay. Luckily, no one is thought to have been killed or seriously injured, but dozens of people have been treated for smoke inhalation. Schools were closed and traffic snarled as residents awoke to a rain of ash and smoke drifting across an armageddon-like red ball of sun. The fires started as temperatures soared to their highest for the last 100 years of more than 40 degrees Celsius. As the blazes ripped along the mountainside on both sides of the famous pennisula, hundreds of residents living in the upmarket villages dotted along the Atlantic and False Bay coasts grabbed pets and valuables as they were evacuated overnight ahead of flames fanned by strong winds and record high temperatures. Appeals for food and cash to help victims, evacuees and volunteer firefighters have had an overwhelming response, officials said. Hard work: Firemen hose down smoldering logs in the Tokai Forest, near to the upmarket suburb of Constantia . Battle: Planes collect water from the sea and reservoirs nearby to dump on the forests in an attempt to stop the fire spreading . The mountains are home to fynbos, a type of shrub-like flora which is unique to the Western Cape . A 'RadioFirethon' on local station Cape Talk had raised more than R3million (about £166,000) by 5pm UK time. A German tourist staying in a rented house in the same area told eNCA television that he had a lucky escape in the early hours of Wednesday. 'I never experienced anything like this,' said the man, who gave his name only as Karl. 'When I saw (the flames) coming... I put my wife out of bed and we took what we could grab and went to the beach parking.' The couple were then escorted to a rescue centre. The fires have now moved along the coast, and are threatening homes near Fish Hoek, on the False Bay side of the peninsula, said Onele Ndesi, spokesman for Cape Town Disaster Risk Management. Just along the same stretch of coast, another fishing village had already come under threat: a sudden wind change overnight brought flames bearing down on Kalk Bay, a fishing village known for its seafood restaurants and antique shops. Devastating: Strong winds and high temperatures have made it difficult for firefighters to contain the blaze . Distraught: Geofrey Collings' home near the Tokai Forest home was one of 13 which have been either entirely or partly destroyed . Armageddon-like: The fires have transformed the usually stunning scenery into rivers of flames . Help: A resident covers face with a cloth as she walks in smoke to help fight fires threatening homes in Clovelly, near Fish Hoek . However, officials were hopeful a change in the weather -including some rain - might bring some relief. The fynbos-covered mountains and spectacular coastline are the backdrop to the annual Cape Town Cycle Tour, a 109 kilometre race around the peninsula, which is due to be held on Sunday. The race is described as the 'largest timed cycling event in the world', and has drawn 35,000 entrants from South Africa and around the world this year. Organisers were expected to announce this week whether the fires will force a change in the route. Western Cape Premier Helen Zille said she was confident the fire would be out in time for the race to take place. 'It is known as the most scenic cycle tour in the world but now it will tour through some of the greatest devastation that the peninsula has ever seen, which will be heart-wrenching,' she said. | Cape Town's spectacular scenery has been ravaged by four days of fires - destroying or damaging 13 homes . Fire has taken hold on both sides of the peninsula, a favourite holiday destination with tourists . Smoke rising from fire has now turned the sky grey and blotted out the sun, transforming it into a red ball . Fires started on the hottest day recorded for 100 years, when temperatures soared to more than 40 degrees Celcius . |
When was the first bicycle race? | The first bicycle race is popularly held to have been a 1,200 m (3,900 ft) race on the 31 May 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. It was won by expatriate Englishman James Moore who rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. The machine is now on display at the museum in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. | It's commonly believed that the first bicycle race was held May 31, 1868 at the Parc de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. The race distance was 1,200 m and was won by James Moore, an expatriate Englishman. Moore rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. Moore's bicycle is now on display in a museum in England. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manny Pacquiao suffers from such bad leg cramps during training that he spends a staggering $1,800 on a tube of anti-inflammatory cream. The Filipino superstar is into the fourth week of his training camp ahead of his $300million mega-fight against Floyd Mayweather Jnr on May 2. And his trainer Freddie Roach revealed the problems he has due to the size of his calves. 'There's no magic cure for it,' Roach told Yahoo. 'We're doing what we can do. I've got the doctors working on it. There are some Filipino guys here who are massaging it for him. The cream cost $1,800 for a single bottle. I wasn't too happy about that.' Manny Pacquiao jogs round the track as he makes an early start to his workout on Wednesday . Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach (right) revealed his fighter suffers from bad leg cramps in training . The cost is so high because Pacquiao does not have health insurance in the United States and the cream had to be run past USADA who are conducting drug tests in the build-up to the Las Vegas showdown. Roach has also changed Pacquiao's training regime to reduce the pressure on his legs. 'We did change his running schedule because I don't like him running the hills six days a week,' he added. 'I've got him on the track a lot more now doing fast sprint-type workouts instead of hill workouts. I think it's better for the older fighters sometimes to stay away from the hills so much.' Floyd Mayweather posted a video of a sparring session as he steps up his training ahead of May 2 . | Manny Pacquiao is deep in training to fight Floyd Mayweather . He suffers from bad leg cramps due to the size of his calves . Pacquiao spends $1,800 on a tube of anti-inflammatory cream . He has had to change his training to include fewer hill runs . Bob Arum: Mayweather vs Pacquiao HAD to be held in Las Vegas . CLICK HERE for all the latest Pacquiao vs Mayweather news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Southgate has prioritised holding talks with Mauricio Pochettino in a bid to resolve the uncertainty around Harry Kane’s summer schedule. Southgate has stepped up preparations for Euro 2015 this week, taking his Under 21 squad to Olomouc — where they will be based during the finals in June. On Friday they face the Czech Republic here in Prague. The FA have been meticulously planning their assault on the tournament and Southgate has the backing of Roy Hodgson to take his strongest possible squad available, including Kane. Harry Kane (right) has scored eight goals in ten games for Gareth Southgate's Young Lions . Southgate says he has a good relationship with Tottenham manager Mauricio Pochettino . But the Tottenham striker’s situation is complicated by his club’s plans to play a money-spinning friendly in Australia at the end of the Premier League campaign, while Sportsmail revealed on Thursday they could also play in Malaysia, too. It has led to fears that Kane, who scored eight goals in 10 games for the Under 21s in qualifying, would be exposed to burnout if he is then made to go on to the Czech Republic. But Southgate plans to meet for talks with Spurs manager Pochettino, saying: ‘The situation with me and Mauricio is good and I have had a (text) exchange with Harry, so I think that situation is good as well. ‘At some point, there needs to be a visit, when we say “Ok, what is the plan?”. But I am relaxed about the situation. We have got a really good relationship with Tottenham and with Harry. Kane is currently training with the England senior squad, but Southgate wants him to play in the summer . Kane's situation is complicated by Tottenham's end of season friendlies in Australia this summer . ‘Mauricio has been very good. He was asked the question “would you like him to rest?” He replied “yes, but” — and the “but” bit has now gone from the debate. I know Mauricio was really proud to play for Argentina and the experiences I have had with him at Tottenham and Southampton is that he has always been really supportive of his international players. ‘As well as that, every quote I have seen from Harry (about playing for the Under 21s this summer) has been very positive.’ Southgate still has a dilemma over Ross Barkley, however. He has not played for the Under 21s since August 2013 and Everton would prefer him to rest this summer after a disappointing season. Barkley was under consideration for this trip, but the midfielder stayed with the senior party. Ross Barkley is eligible for the U21 side, but has never played for the Young Lions under Southgate . Both Barkley and Sterling could travel to the European Championships despite being in the senior squad . ‘I do feel the situation with Ross is different to that of Harry, John Stones and Luke Shaw, as he has never been in one of my squads,’ added Southgate. ‘I was pleased to see Ross named in the senior squad. ‘With Ross not always in Everton’s starting team I think it was important this time round for Roy to back him and keep him involved. Hopefully that gives Ross some belief in what the England set up think of him and his potential.’ | England U21 boss says he has a good relationship with Spurs manager . Harry Kane is currently in England senior squad . But Southgate wants Tottenham striker to go to U21 championships . Spurs have money-spinning post-season friendly in Australia . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray is making the most of his free time away from Davis Cup preparation by visiting Scotland's home of football, Hampden Park. The Scotsman and his teammates face the USA at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow with Murray set for an emotional homecoming with brother Jamie also in their team. The Great Britain star posted the photograph of himself posing on the Hampden Park on his Instagram page after finishing training. Andy Murray posted this photo of Hampden Park following his practice session for the Davis Cup clash . He said: 'Spent a bit of time looking around Hampden Park after practice today... Beautiful stadium..' The World No 5 helped defeat the Americans 3-1 in the quarter-finals last year and he'll be hoping for a repeat result at the weekend. Murray has an impressive record in the Davis Cup and the Scot has won 19 out 21 single matches since he first played back in 2005. The World No 5 has an exceptional record in the tournament, winning 19 out 21 previous matches . The Great Britian star also posted this on his Facebook following his first session on the match court . | Andy Murray visited Hampden Park after his Davis Cup training session . The Great Britain star plays at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow . Murray helped GB beat USA 3-1 in the Davis Cup last year . Click here for all the latest tennis news . |
What is the new format of world cup 2026 | On March 14, 2023, the FIFA Council approved a revised format featuring 12 four-team groups. The reconsideration stemmed from concerns over the possibility of collusion in the last group games of three-team groups. Under the revised format, the total number of games played will increase from 64 to 104, and the number of games played by finalists will increase from seven to eight. The tournament would be completed in 39 days, an increase from 32 days of the 2014 and 2018 tournaments. Each team would still play three group matches, with the top 8 third-placed teams joining the group winners and runners-up in a new round of 32 | The Fifa world cup 2026 will be hosted in Canada, Mexico and the USA. This will be the first world cup ever featuring 48 teams across 12 groups. Number of games will increase from 64 games to 104 and the tournament will be 39 days vs 32 days of the 2014 and 2018 tournaments. As part of this growth Fifa is redistributing the slot allocations for new teams to include more teams from Africa, Asia and OFC and North America. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Brendon McCullum insists he and his New Zealand team are enjoying 'the greatest time of our lives' after a thrilling four-wicket win against South Africa in Auckland saw them reach their first ever World Cup final. Grant Elliott (84 not out) hit a six off the penultimate ball of the match at Eden Park to wrap up victory for the Black Caps, having been set 298 to win via the Duckworth-Lewis method after South Africa amassed 281 for five from their 43 overs following a two-hour rain interruption. New Zealand will face either fellow co-hosts Australia or defending champions India in Sunday's final in Melbourne but, win or lose, McCullum says he and his players have enjoyed themselves immensely during the last six weeks. New Zealand show appreciation for the home fans who captain Brendan McCullum branded 'phenomenal' McCullum flicks the ball away as he got New Zealand off to a blistering start in their chase . 'I've said it time and time again it's the greatest time of our lives as players,' McCullum, who scored 59 from just 26 balls to give the Kiwis a promising start, said on Sky Sports World Cup. 'We're enjoying the experience. It's been an incredible ride all the way through. 'The crowds we've had turn up in New Zealand and support this team and the brand of cricket we're trying to play has been phenomenal so I hope they're all dreaming as much as we are. 'We've got a huge occasion in a few days' time. Geez, it'd be nice to win it.' New Zealand were stuttering on 149 for four when Elliott and Corey Anderson (58) steadied the ship with a fifth-wicket stand of 103 from 16.2 overs to keep them in the game. McCullum was keen to pay tribute to his match-winner, adding: 'What a great innings from Grant Elliott. It was wow. McCullum's combination of clever shotmaking and explosive power set New Zealand up for a win . Grant Elliott celebrates after smashing the winning runs as New Zealand reached their first ever final . New Zealand celebrate after taking a wicket during the first innings of their semi-final against South Africa . '(He) came out of the wilderness not that long ago and he's just played a match-winning innings in a semi-final, and the partnership him and Corey had just had such calmness as well. Tremendous achievement from them and all the boys.' Elliott, born in Johannesburg, insisted the energetic home support had helped New Zealand over the line and he does not expect them to change their approach for the final. 'When you've got 40,000 fans screaming at you every ball (it spurs you on),' he said. 'It's been an absolute pleasure playing at Eden Park and playing in front of the home crowd. The New Zealand players celebrate out in the middle with hugs for Daniel Vettori, who helped see them home . Corey Anderson (above) and Grant Elliot settled the hosts' nerves with a brilliant partnership of 103 . 'I think we've had a good run and it's the first final we've been in as a New Zealand team. We're a very level team so I think we'll just approach it as every other game.' South Africa captain AB de Villiers (65no) also paid tribute to the Eden Park crowd and insisted his players could not have done more to clinch victory. 'It was an amazing game of cricket. It's probably the most electric crowd I've ever heard in my life so credit to the fans here,' said De Villiers, who shared a fourth-wicket partnership of 103 from 12.1 overs with Faf du Plessis (82). 'They really were here to support their team and I guess the better team came out on top. 'We gave it our best, we left everything out there on the field and I couldn't ask for anything more from our boys so we don't go back with any regrets.' | New Zealand beat South Africa to reach first ever World Cup final . Brendan McCullum hails 'phenomenal' home support after victory . McCullum also pays tribute to match-winner Grant Elliott . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Ferguson City Manager John Shaw resigned Tuesday in the wake of a scathing Justice Department report. The report blames Ferguson, Missouri, police and courts for abusive behavior that disproportionately targets African-American residents. "Over the last several months I have done everything in my power to work with countless groups to bring about positive change and strengthen our community," Shaw wrote in his resignation letter. He continued: "During this time I have also worked closely with the Department of Justice to identify opportunities to improve, and then moved quickly to implement its recommendations for change. "And while I certainly respect the work that the DOJ recently performed in their investigation and report on the City of Ferguson, I must state clearly that my office has never instructed the police department to target African Americans, nor falsify charges to administer fines, nor heap abuses on the backs of the poor. Any inferences of that kind from the report are simply false." Shaw's resignation was announced the same day the City Council voted 7-0 on a mutual separation agreement with Shaw. Residents elect City Council members, who in turn appoint the city manager. The city manager directs and supervises all city departments, including the Police Department. Along with other officials, Shaw was heavily criticized by the Justice Department report, which found that authorities in Ferguson frequently saw residents as "sources of revenue." In fact, the city enjoyed so much success in issuing tickets and fines that Ferguson, population 21,000, was ranked in the top eight of the 80 municipal courts in St. Louis County by having more than $1 million in revenue in 2010, the report said. In one March 2012 email, the captain of the patrol division reported to Shaw that court collections the previous month reached $235,000 -- the first month collections exceeded $200,000. The city manager reported the email to the City Council, congratulating police and court staff on their "great work," the report said. When Ferguson court revenues exceeded $2 million for the whole of 2012, the city manager responded to the police chief in an internal email: "Awesome! Thanks!" according to the federal report. The DOJ's probe came after public outcry over the death of unarmed black teenager Michael Brown, who was shot by Ferguson police Officer Darren Wilson in August. Wilson, who was not indicted on any charges, has resigned from the police department. But when Ferguson resident Sue Schmidt defended Wilson at Tuesday's City Council meeting, she heard vocal objections from those in the crowd. "I'd like to say a lot of people in this room owe Darren Wilson an apology," Schmidt said, prompting laughter by some in the audience. "The same justice report that you're basing all your opinions on cleared him 100%." CNN's Jennifer Feldman, Holly Yan, Sarah Aarthun and Michael Martinez contributed to this report. | John Shaw: "My office has never instructed the police department to target African Americans" A Department of Justice report blames Ferguson police and courts for abusive behavior . Ferguson resident: Many people owe former Officer Darren Wilson an apology . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea and Everton have both been fined £30,000 by the FA for player misconduct in their February 11 clash at Stamford Bridge. Players from both teams became embroiled in a melee four minutes before the end of Chelsea's 1-0 win, and the clubs have now been charged with 'failing to ensure their players conducted themselves in an orderly fashion and/or refrained from provocative behaviour'. The charge against Chelsea also claims that their players surrounded referee Jonathan Moss 'and/or became involved in a mass confrontation'. Chelsea and Everton have been fined over the mass confrontation towards the end of their February meeting . Branislav Ivanovic escaped punishment despite appearing to aim a headbutt at Everton's James McCarthy . Branislav Ivanovic escaped a personal punishment despite appearing to aim a headbutt at Everton's James McCarthy during the incident. Chelsea and Everton both admitted the charges and were warned about their future conduct. The incident sparked up after a Gareth Barry's foul on Willian that saw him dismissed for a second bookable offence. Referee Moss also showed cards to McCarthy, Cesc Fabregas and Ramires after the coming together. After the game Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho walked out of a BBC interview when asked about the Ivanovic incident and when questioned by BT Sport, he replied: ‘Don’t make me laugh, don’t make me laugh.’ Ivanovic grabs hold of McCarthy in the melee that led to both Chelsea and Everton being fined £30,000 . Angry Chelsea and Everton players square up in front of the dugouts as Jonathan Moss tries to take control . In his post-match press conference, Mourinho threatened another walk-out, saying: ‘I’m concerned with my reaction because one more question (about this) and I will leave.’ Mourinho was critical of Everton, adding: ‘They made lots of fouls, what you would call intelligent fouls, but if the referee follows the rule it’s yellow card after yellow card and then inevitably you get a red card — which they eventually did.’ Everton manager Roberto Martinez was in no doubt that Ivanovic should have seen red over the alleged butt. ‘If you look at the images Ivanovic’s behaviour is wrong,’ said Martinez. ‘He grabs him around the neck in a forceful manner then puts his head against him when James McCarthy didn’t react, and if you want to be on top of the laws that’s a red card.’ Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho refused to talk about the melee or Ivanovic's actions . | Chelsea and Everton have both been fined £30,000 by the FA . The Premier League clubs were charged with failing to control their players . Charge claims players surrounded referee Jonathan Moss on February 11 . Branislav Ivanovic escaped a ban for his headbutt on James McCarthy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother whose teenage daughter was stabbed to death by her friend's boyfriend has spoken of her heartbreak over the brutal murder. Julie Warren-Sykes' daughter Samantha, from Wakefield, West Yorkshire, was just 18 when her life was brutally cut short by Ahmad Otak, then 21, an Afghan asylum seeker who was jealous of her close friendship with his ex-girlfriend Elisa Frank. Determined to punish Elisa, he murdered her own sister in front of her - and in a horrifying twist, forced her to lure her Samantha to her death in March 2012. Scroll down for video . Julie Warren-Sykes' daughter Samantha was just 18 when her life was brutally cut short . Elisa's best friend Samantha Sykes (pictured), 18, was also killed by Otak, who slit her throat and stabbed her . Samantha and Elisa had been friends since they were eight years old. In a sickening act, Otak made Elisa watch as her killed her sister Kim, 17, and best friend. Now survivor Elisa and Samantha's mother Julie have shared their experiences of that terrible day in TV show Britain's Darkest Taboos. Elisa, now 21, had been in a relationship with Otak after meeting him at a foster home as a teenager but Julie said her daughter had concerns about her friend's new boyfriend. 'She told me that she was concerned about Elisa's relationship with Ahmad Otak. She felt there was something wrong with the relationship, and she said that he gave her a bad feeling,' Julie said. Otak had become increasingly controlling of Elisa and tried to cut her off from her friend and younger sister. Elisa's sister Kim Frank (left) was stabbed 15 times by Ahmad Otak who then licked her blood off his knife . He threatened Elisa with violence and said he would harm her family and friends if she left him. But with the support of Kim and Samantha, she eventually plucked up the courage to end their relationship. She could not fathom that Otak would be carry through with his violent threats in the most horrific way. He asked Elisa to meet him at Kim's flat in Wakefield so he could collect some things from her. But when she arrived, he launched a ferocious attack on her sister as Elisa looked on helplessly. She recalled: 'All I can remember now is Kim fell on to me and I got pushed on to the bed a bit. Then I just turned round, and as soon as I turned round I saw the knife. 'Hearing Kim screaming, really horrific screams, like something that you can't really describe unless you have heard something like that. 'He was like, calling her a stupid b**** and stuff like that while he were stabbing her.' Elisa said Otak showed no remorse and seemed to gloat in the murder. 'He stood up, and licked the blood off the knife, and he spat down at her body,' she said. Survivor: Elisa Frank was the only survivor of the 2012 attack that led to the death of her sister . Then he made Elisa call Samantha and ask her to come to the flat. Terrified Elisa complied but hoped her friend - who had career aspirations as a model - would realise something was wrong and wouldn't go. 'I were hoping that she’d be able to pick something up from my voice, and then maybe phone the police,' Elisa said. But Samantha was a loyal friend to Elisa and worried something was wrong with her, she rushed to her aid. As soon as she arrived at the flat, she was stabbed to death by Otak. By then he had tied Elisa up with cable ties so she had no way of helping her friend. 'He seemed like he'd enjoyed it. Very calm, no emotion at all after he'd done it either, just none,' Elisa said of the murder. Meanwhile, Julie said she had a bad feeling something had happened to her daughter, who had left her a note saying she had gone to see Elisa. 'When I saw the note I had a bad feeling. It's a mother's instinct,' she said. But she admitted nothing could have prepared her for the news that her daughter had been brutally stabbed to death. The truth came out hours later after Elisa finally escaped Otak clutches as he tried to kidnap her by taking her to Dover to flee the country. Much missed: Elisa still has nightmares about the night Kim (pictured right) and Sam (left) were killed . She managed to get away and call the police and Otak was arrested and the bodies of his two young victims discovered in Kim's flat. Julie recalls hearing the terrible news after hours of anguish worrying about her missing daughter: 'Samantha was missing for a number of hours through that night, and I just kept thinking, "She’s dead." 'It’s not something that you can actually explain to anybody, it was just as if part of me had gone. It was an horrendous experience, the anxiety, feeling sick, just not really knowing what to do with yourself. You know, it's a mother’s worst nightmare. It was like torture. 'When the police came and told me what had happened, I think I just went into some kind of a shock, where everything seemed surreal. 'The worst thing in the world was always, for me, when somebody loses a child, and it was the one thing that I asked, "if there’s a God, don’t ever let that happen to me, don’t ever let that happen to me." Of course, it has happened to me.' Otak was tried at Leeds Crown Court after pleading guilty to the two murders but both Elisa and Julie were disgusted to see he showed no remorse for what he had done. 'To hear the detail of the injuries that both these young people suffered, is devastating. You just think, what is he thinking while he's sat there? Because he never showed any emotion whatsoever,' Julie said. Evil: Afghan asylum seeker Ahmad Otak attempted to flee to France but was foiled by a brave fellow refugee . Otak was sentenced to life in prison, with a minimum of 33 years and 124 days. Julie said of the sentencing: 'When he was sentenced you have a kind of feeling of euphoria, because you think, you know, that’s it, it’s done, he’s been sentenced, he’s got a long sentence. 'But that soon goes, and so, within a couple of days, actually I felt probably worse than I’d felt for a significant period of time. I just fell to pieces. I'm still grieving for Samantha, as are many other people, and you learn to live with what's happened.' Elisa says despite the lengthy sentence, she will never get over the death of her sister and best friend. She has turned to writing to help her deal with the events she witnessed and has written a book about her experiences called The Borderline Diaries. She said: 'Since I've started writing I've been feeling a lot better, and I've noticed that bits of my past and things that I haven’t been able to process so much, come out in my writing, and then I always feel a bit like I've had a weight taken off my shoulders afterwards.' Julie added that she wishes Elisa well and doesn't feel bitter about her part in her daughter's death. Aftermath: Police outside Elisa's Wakefield flat following the double murders . Traumatised: Elisa still has nightmares about the day her sister and best friend were murdered . 'She has an opportunity now that I hope she’ll grasp, and move forward with her life, and do something wonderful,' she said. She added: 'One of the real positive actions that we’ve taken as a family since Samantha’s death is to establish the Samantha Sykes Foundation Trust, whose purpose is to work with not-for-profit organisations who support and help victims of child sexual exploitation, or children and young people who are considered to be at risk of child sexual exploitation. 'We've been overwhelmed by some of the community support, and the generosity of local people has restored some of our faith in human kindness.' To learn more about Samantha Sykes Foundation Trust visit samanthasykesfoundation.com . Britain's Darkest Taboos continues on Sunday nights at 9pm only on CI and is repeated on Wednesday’s at 9pm . | Elisa Frank's sister and best friend were murdered by Ahmad Otak . Otak stabbed Kimberley, 17, 15 times and spat on her body . He forced her to lure Samantha Sykes, 18, and then murdered her . Sam's mother Julie Warren-Sykes speaks for first time since it happened . Shares her experience in TV show Britain's Darkest Taboos . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | At least two people were killed and eight injured during a shooting at pub in Sweden last night. Automatic weapons are believed to have been used in the attack yesterday during the screening of a football match in Biskopsgarden, a suburb of Gothenburg with a history of gang violence. Detectives said it was too early to speculate on the motive behind the shooting - which happened at about 10.20pm local time (9.20pm GMT) - but there were indications that it was gang-related. Two dead and eight injured: The shooting took place inside a pub called ‘Var Krog och Bar’ (Our Tavern and Bar) in Biskopsgarden, a suburb of Gothenburg in Sweden, at about 10.20pm local time yesterday . Police spokesman Ulla Brehm said that at least two people were killed at the scene and several others taken to a hospital, adding: ‘There is absolutely nothing that indicates terrorism.’ One witness, who did not wish to be named, told Swedish broadcaster SVT that two men entered the pub and started shooting with automatic weapons. He said: ‘I didn't have a chance to think about what happened. Then I saw that my friend was bleeding. I tried to stop the bleeding as well as I could with my hand.’ Several people are now being questioned by police. Ms Brehm said the area on Hisingen, an island off Gothenburg, had seen a lot of gang violence and that was a likely explanation for the shooting. She added: ‘We have had a targeted police operation in this area because we have gang crime here. There have been shootings in the past.’ Location: Gothenburg is in south-western Sweden and is the country's second biggest city (file picture) The attack took place inside a restaurant called ‘Var Krog och Bar’ (Our Tavern and Bar). It opened in 1995 and also has a sports bar and a nightclub open on Fridays and Saturdays. Gothenburg (known as 'Goteborg' in Swedish) is located in south-western Sweden and is the country's second biggest city. Police said the death toll from the attack was likely to rise. Ten ambulances were sent to the scene, and the injured are being treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital - but a spokesman said last night: ‘We cannot say anything.’ Gun violence is not uncommon in Sweden's major cities, but shootings in public places with multiple victims are rare. On January 30 a man was wounded in a shooting on the square outside the restaurant, although it was not clear last night whether the shootings were linked. | Automatic weapons were used in attack in Gothenburg, witness says . Police reveal indications that last night's shooting was gang-related . Witness tried to stop friend bleeding 'as well as I could with my hand' |
Given the paragraph about the Grateful Dead, tell me when they were founded, who were the original members, and what other members were in the group. | The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s. The founding members were Jerry Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar, vocals), Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, vocals), Phil Lesh (bass, vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Members of the Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks, had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to the Grateful Dead; replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten (keyboards; 1968–1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist; 1971–1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards, occasional vocals; 1971–1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals; 1972–1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards, vocals; 1979–1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards, vocals; 1990–1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals) was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours. | The Grateful Dead were founded in the 1960's as the Warlocks by Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, Phil Lesh and Bill Kreutzmann. Over the years, the band had many other members, including Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, Vince Welnick and Bruce Hornsby. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Back in 2010 Britain's politicians broke new ground. They were long used to haranguing each other in the UK's rowdy House of Commons -- but they'd never had American style pre-election head-to-head debates. It is necessary and long-established political fare in the U.S. -- but over here in the UK, it was novel. It seemed to go well -- political points were scored, and polls were commissioned looking for advantages gained or lost. It was a drama of sorts, even though no knock-out punches were landed. Prime Minister David Cameron and his Conservative party won the election, but not by enough to go into government alone. For the past five years he's been governing in coalition with the UK's third party, the Liberal Democrats. And their leader, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, has mostly backed Cameron in Parliamentary debates against the opposition Labour leader Ed Miliband. Britain's broadcasters, keen to channel lively politics onto prime time TV and boost ratings, have been working the corridors of power themselves over the past year to try to nail down a repeat -- or two -- of the 2010 knockabout. What's at stake isn't just the proposed debates ahead of May's general election -- but the enshrining of such debates permanently into Britain's political architecture -- just like in the U.S. But while Cameron and Miliband have hired former White House election advisers to edge them in to the lead, no one can agree on what form a debate should take, how many there should be, or even who should be invited. Cameron has insisted on just one debate involving the leaders of seven leading UK parties -- giving equal airtime to the Greens, the Scottish Nationalists and the upstart rightwing UK Independence Party (UKIP), among others. But Miliband's Labour party is holding out for at least one head-to-head debate with Cameron. No one seems to be budging but both of the UK's largest parties could use the bump in the polls such a debate might bring. Part of the problem is the British electorate, which has changed since 2010, boosting the fortunes of some of the country's former political outliers. The rightwing UKIP, which has pledged to take the UK out of the European Union, has made massive gains in the past year -- mostly at the expense of Cameron's Conservatives. In Scotland, the September independence referendum (which narrowly failed) so reinvigorated the Scottish National Party that they could hit what is usually a key Labour stronghold, undermining Miliband's bid for power. All of this has made the whole process of nailing down precisely who will be allowed in the debate that much more tortuous. For the big leaders who drive that conversation, it is about how each outlier can help them -- and hinder their rivals. It once looked like it would become as much of a British institution as rain, or fish and chips, but now the election debate seems in danger of not happening at all. On the upside, you can still tune in to House of Commons TV most days of the week to get your fix of one lawmaker bellowing at another. But do it soon -- I hear that even those everyday raucous exchanges are being scrutinized for being a bit old-fashioned. | Election TV debates only arrived in the UK in 2010 . Broadcasters are keen to repeat the head-to-head format in the run-up to the 2015 poll . But factional politics and arguments about who is invited may derail a TV debate . |
What are the highlights of the Apollo 11 mission? | Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia. | Apollo 11 was the culmination of a multi year space race instigated by the Cold War, leading to the United States landing the first humans on the Moon. The mission had 3 personnel, required multiple years of preparation, and consisted of 8 key phases; launch, flight, lunar orbit, lunar descent, landing, lunar surface operations, lunar ascent, return, splashdown, and Quarantine. The Apollo 11 mission remains the most famous mission ever in the NASA program. The 3 astronauts were Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Denmark has slammed as "unacceptable" comments by Russia's envoy to Denmark that joining NATO's missile defense shield would make Danish warships "targets for Russian nuclear missiles." In August last year, Denmark said that at least one of its frigates would be equipped with a radar that would allow it to contribute to NATO's missile defense shield. In an opinion article published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands Posten on Saturday, Russian Ambassador Mikhail Vanin said he did not think the Danes fully understood the consequences of joining the missile shield. "If this happens, Danish warships become targets for Russian nuclear missiles," he wrote. Denmark's Minister for Foreign Affairs Martin Lidegaard said Vanin's remarks were unacceptable. "Russia knows full well that NATO's missile defense is defensive and not targeted at them (Russia)," Lidegaard said."However, I would not over-dramatize this. Right now we disagree with Russia on many important issues, but we also cooperate, for example, in the Arctic and it is important that the tone between us does not escalate. We certainly are not contributing to that." Tensions between Russia and NATO member countries have been mounting since Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and claims its military has been involved in the ongoing violence in eastern Ukraine. Moscow has repeatedly denied its military is involved. In April 2014, NATO foreign ministers said they had "decided to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia" over the issue. The United States and NATO allies have been conducting military exercises as part of "Operation Atlantic Resolve," which the United States describes as "a demonstration of our continued commitment to the collective security of NATO and dedication to the enduring peace and stability in the region, in light of the Russian intervention in Ukraine specifically." On March 2, NATO Deputy Secretary General Alexander Vershbow told the alliance's annual meeting on arms control: "Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea and its continuing destabilization of Eastern Ukraine have put the European security system -- and all the rules and agreements that underpin it -- under severe strain." Last Monday, state-run Russian media reported that Russian President Vladimir Putin had ordered his Northern Fleet "to full alert in a snap combat readiness exercise" in the Arctic. At least one Russian leader described the drill as routine and unrelated to the "international situation." Conversely, Deputy Foreign Minister Alexey Meshkov told Tass news agency that Russia was "deeply concerned" about NATO drills near its border. NATO says the long-term goal of its missile shield is "to merge individual Allies' missile defense assets into a coherent defense system, providing full protection for NATO European populations, territory and forces against ballistic missiles threats." NATO has previously asked Russia to participate in the system, but negotiations were deadlocked over Russia's demand for a legally binding treaty guaranteeing the shield would not be used as a deterrent to Moscow's own systems. | Denmark slams Russia's envoy for warning against joining the NATO missile shield . Ambassador Mikhail Vanin says he did not think the Danes fully understood the consequences . Joining would make Danish warships "targets for Russian nuclear missiles," Vanin says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | From stunning panoramic pictures of the red centre's Ayers Rock, to Luna Park's smiling face glowing alongside the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and even the dizzying highs and lows of the spectacular Blue Mountains in New South Wales, one photography company has captured it all. Australian company Panedia has been specialising in 360 degree panoramic film and photography, interactive maps and video content for more than 15 years. This month it was announced that the company has had more views of its stunning 360 degree panoramas on Google Maps than any other company on the planet, amassing a total of more than 12 million views in only 11 months. It has been announced that Australian company Panedia has had more views of its 360 degree panoramas on Google Maps than any other . The company has been specialising in 360 degree panoramic film and photography, interactive maps and video for more than 15 years . The photograph shows Brighton's iconic bathing boxes stand out against the white sand and blue sea and sky . Cradle Mountain in Tasmania is seen in an entirely new and spectacular light in some of the impressive images, which shows off the crystal clear water and stunning mountainous backdrop, while a small cabin sits on the water's edge. In another photograph Brighton's iconic bathing boxes stand out against the white sand and blue sea and sky with the bold pops of colour painted onto the timber. Bronte Sea Baths and Cairns Lagoon show off in their shots taken at different times in the day, with sparkling seas and endless skylines the common feature in their respective images. Cairns Lagoon shows off in its shot taken at the end of day with sparkling seas and endless skylines . Luna Park's smiling face glowing alongside the Sydney Harbour Bridge also features in the company's portfolio . Sculptures in Broken Hill, NSW, standing out agains the sky also put on display in the stunning panoramas . In Melbourne the Cow Up A Tree sculpture gets some exposure from a new perspective, while the iconic Penitentiary at Port Arthur in Tasmania also features in one of the thousands of photographs. Butterbox Point in the NSW Blue Mountains, Eastern Beach in Geelong, Victoria, Sculptures in Broken Hill, NSW all put on display in the stunning panoramas. Heading overseas the Isle of Pines in New Caledonia, Paris' Eiffel Tower, the Highline in New York City, and the Mele Cascades in Vanuatu are just some of the impressive international locations Panedia have had the pleasure to shoot. The dizzying highs and lows of the spectacular Butterbox Point in the NSW Blue Mountains have also been captured . A snapshot of Eastern Beach in Geelong, Victoria, is seen here . The iconic Penitentiary at Port Arthur in Tasmania also features in one of the thousands of photographs . Panedia takes the images for clients which means both the photograph and the company benefit from the exposure . Panedia takes the images for clients, especially if they are of a building, hotel, or landmark, which means both the photograph and the company or owner benefit from the exposure. Company founder and lead photographer Aaron Spence revealed that they have been building a library of content for over a decade and now has more than 12,000 high resolution panoramas, each one geotagged at the location where it was photographed. 'This is the next big thing for landmarks, tourist destinations, the hospitality sector and businesses everywhere. Google Views is just getting started, the land rush is on to showcase places on Google Maps in stunning 360 degrees. Google Maps/Views is something we're very proud to be involved with. The opportunities in this space are endless, it's a very exciting time. Company founder and lead photographer Aaron Spence revealed that they have been building a library of content for over a decade, which includes this picture of the Isle of Pines in New Caledonia . They now has more than 12,000 high resolution panoramas, each one geotagged at the location where it was photographed, like this one in New York . The company is also heavily involved in the emerging Virtual Reality trend, and producing underwater Street View content . 'People are always looking up new places to travel to, or researching somewhere they're planning to visit, what to see and what to do. So they're seeing our content at a time when they actually want to travel. If someone is planning a trip to Sydney, they can check out the Sydney Opera House and other locations and views via Google Maps,' Mr Spence added/ . 'The beauty of the geographic platform is in its ever-increasing view count. Social posts and viral content go up fast, and come down faster, never to be seen again. Whereas geographic content on Google Maps remains relevant forever, always there waiting for when a viewer wants to travel. 'What we're producing is truly great for people to be able to experience places they haven't yet visited, or may never be able to visit,' the owner added. The company is also heavily involved in the emerging Virtual Reality trend, and producing underwater Street View content. | Australian company Panedia specialised in 360 degree panoramic film and photography and video content . They have shot Uluru, the Blue Mountains, Cradle Mountain, Sydney Harbour among many other sites . This month it was announced the company has the most viewed panoramas in the world on Google Maps . It ammassed a total of more than 12 million views in only 11 months . |
Tell me about the new premier of New South Wales | Christopher John Minns (born 17 September 1979) is an Australian politician serving as the 47th and current premier of New South Wales since March 2023. He has been the leader of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since June 2021 and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the division of Kogarah since 2015. He was previously the deputy mayor of Hurstville from 2007 to 2008.
Minns was first elected at the 2015 New South Wales state election, and was elected unopposed as leader of the Labor Party in leadership election in June 2021, following the resignation of Jodi McKay. He led the party to victory at the 2023 state election.
The son of a school principal, Minns was raised in the St George region of Sydney in the suburb of Penshurst. He studied at Marist College Kogarah. He holds a bachelors degree from the University of New England in Armidale and attended Princeton University in the United States where he was awarded a Masters in Public Policy (2012–13).
Minns is married and has three sons with his wife Anna. Upon his return from Princeton, while his wife pursued her own business opportunities, Minns became the carer of his sons before nominating for parliament.
He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1998 when he was 18 years old and was elected as the member for Kogarah in 2015.
Minns is a supporter of NRL club the St George Illawarra Dragons. | Chris Minns led the Labor party to victory at the 2023 NSW state election and becomes the 47th premier of New South Wales. Minns is married with three sons and is a supporter of the NRL club, St George Illawarra Dragons. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alastair Cook has slammed the ECB for the timing of his dismissal as one-day captain, claiming the World Cup shambles which followed has shattered the players' confidence. Cook's forthright views increase the pressure on head coach Peter Moores and managing director Paul Downton on the day the Test squad to tour West Indies was announced. Speaking in Abu Dhabi, where he is preparing to play for the MCC, Cook said defeats by Australia and New Zealand proved that the decision to axe him was, with hindsight, incorrect. Alastair Cook was removed as England one-day captain in December, before the cricket World Cup . England's cricketers were eliminated from the World Cup at the group stage by Bangladesh . Cook believes hindsight has proved the ECB wrong to remove him as captain before the tournament . Cook told The Daily Telegraph: 'I can't speak about what's gone on there in depth, but you always back yourself, and I would have loved to have had the opportunity that was taken away from me. 'The selectors made that decision because they thought it was the best for English cricket. Hindsight has probably proved them wrong, but now it's very easy to say that.' He added: 'I wouldn't say all of it [confidence] has been [shattered], but a hell of a lot of it has been. You have to remember that it is a different format and you get a change, but all teams are grouped under the same English cricket umbrella, and we can't be naive enough to think that it's not. 'We have a repairing job to do, and the only way of doing that is by playing some good cricket and start winning. 'We built that momentum a little bit after the Ashes 14 or 15 months ago with a slightly younger side, including the likes of Gary Ballance and Joe Root. There was a feel-good factor about the English game in the middle of August after the Test matches. Since then, it's been tough going. We've got to rebuild again.' Cook (right) feels England have to rebuild the feel good factor that followed Test success against India . Cook (left) will lead England in three tests in the West Indies in April, before New Zealand visit in May . Cook feels the ECB have highlighted the perils of changing captain so close to an international tournament . Cook would have loved the opportunity to complete a challenge he was set when named Andrew Strauss' successor as ODI captain after the previous World Cup in 2011. 'I was there for three-and-a-half years trying to do a job,' he said. 'We got to No 1 in the world with a full-strength side and got to the final of the Champions Trophy. There were things I can be very proud of. 'As any captain will tell you, leading your country in a World Cup is a huge honour and one that can never be taken lightly. I was very much looking forward to that. 'I understand the pressure I was under. I wasn't scoring the runs I should, or could have been scoring so I understand that my position was in jeopardy. 'But I think you saw in Australia the dangers of making such a big decision so close to the tournament. Cook (left) was struggling for runs in one-day cricket when the ECB decided to remove him as captain . Cook believes that England would have made it out of their group at the World Cup if he had been there . 'I don't know what's gone on on that tour ... but it did look like the lads were shell-shocked from the first two games. 'Whether I would have made a difference, I don't know. 'But I was fully confident we would get out of our group.' VIDEO Morgan has 'no regrets' over failed England campaign . | Alastair Cook was removed as England one-day captain before World Cup . England humiliatingly crashed out of the World Cup at the group stage . Cook believes the tournament disaster has shattered England's confidence . |
What is a nickname of Jiang Zemin | Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or "toad", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans", "toad lovers" or "toad worshippers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "mogicians" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1]
Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life. | Elder or senior |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tim Southee believes New Zealand are ready for 'one more big push' in the on Sunday in Melbourne when they face fierce rivals Australia in the World Cup final. The fast bowler said his team had allowed itself a day to celebrate the dramatic semi-final win over South Africa at Eden Park in Auckland, and had now 'parked' the memory of that match. Playing in a World Cup final, particularly against Australia in front of almost 100,000 spectators at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, was his 'dream come true.' Tim Southee is relishing the prospect of facing Australia in the World Cup final on Sunday . New Zealand practiced at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday in preparation for the final . Daniel Vettori will play his last ever ODI for New Zealand on Sunday in the World Cup final . 'As a kid growing up you either wanted to be an All Black or a Black Cap and this is as good as it gets,' he said. 'I'm sure the guys are very excited to fulfill a childhood dream.' Southee said New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum 'speaks a lot about it being the time of our lives and the last couple of months we wouldn't replace for anything. We never wanted it to end, we've made it last as long as we possibly cane and one more big push and the guys will remember it forever.' Southee spoke of a sporting rivalry with Australia in which New Zealand was always 'the little brother.' He was asked directly at a news conference on Friday whether Sunday's final was about winning the respect of a fierce sporting rival whose attitude to New Zealand cricket has always contained a note of condescension. New Zealand batsman Kane Williamson practices his football skills during the training session in Melbourne . New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum in the nets just outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Grant Elliott has a throw at the stumps in a fielding drill during New Zealand's practice session . Southee allowed that there had been cause in the past for Australia to view New Zealand in that manner. 'In times gone by we haven't played to our potential or been as consistent as we should have been,' he said. 'In the last two years we've slowly, slowly gained a bit more respect because of the brand of cricket we're playing. 'We respect Australia, they're a quality side and they're not No 1 in the world for no reason. But I'm sure we've gained a bit of repsect for the brand of cricket we've played over the last couple of years. I guess that opinion has changed a little bit over the last couple of years in the way that we've played and because of the sides we've beaten.' Southee said a World Cup final between the tournament's co-hosts at the Melbourne Cricket Ground - one of cricket's greatest stages - was 'pretty exciting.' 'It's an awesome opportunity,' he said. 'It's going to be a great game of cricket. Obviously both teams are playing exceptionally well at the moment and both are playing a great brand of cricket so it should be an exciting game and a great game to watch.' New Zealand captain McCullum and fast bowler Trent Boult share a joke during their practice session . New Zealand's lethal opening duo of Boult (left) and Southee (right) practice in Melbourne . The 100,000 capacity Melbourne Cricket Ground will provide a fitting venue for Sunday's showpiece . The first appearance of gamesmanship in the leadup to the match came early, when former Australia batsman Matthew Hayden said New Zealand might be at a loss in the giant auditorium of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, because it is so much larger than the venues in which they typically play at home.' New Zealand hasn't played Australia at the MCG in almost six years but Southee doubted they would struggle to adapt to the dimensions. 'We're not too worried about the size of the ground,' Southee said. 'Yeah, we haven't played here for a long time but there are half a dozen guys who were part of the last game that we played here and we have good memories of that game. It's a big cricket ground, there's going to be a lot of people, it's going to be loud, but at the end of the day it's another game of cricket.' | Tim Southee describes final against Australia as a 'dream come true' New Zealand practiced at Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday . Blackcaps landed in Melbourne on Wednesday after their thrilling four-wicket semi-final victory over South Africa at Eden Park in Auckland . New Zealand beat Australia by one wicket earlier in the tournament . |
What university did Ted Ringwood join and what discipline did he follow ? | Ted Ringwood was born in Kew, only child of Alfred Edward Ringwood. He attended Hawthorn West State School where he played cricket and Australian Rules football. In 1943 he was successful in gaining a scholarship to Geelong Grammar School where he boarded. On matriculation, he enrolled in Geology a science degree at the University of Melbourne where he held a Commonwealth Government Scholarship, and was awarded a resident scholarship at Trinity College. He represented the college and the university in football. He obtained First Class Honours degree in Geology and began a MSc degree in field-mapping and petrology of the Devonian Snowy River volcanics of northeastern Victoria, graduating with Honours in 1953. Ringwood then undertook a PhD, beginning an experimental study about the origin of metalliferous ore deposits, but later changed his research topic so as to apply geochemistry to an understanding of the structure of the Earth, in particular the mineralogical constitution of the Earth's mantle | Ted Ringwood joined the University of Melbourne and he took a Geology science degree |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mexican police and soldiers apprehended Wednesday the notorious Zetas drug cartel leader Omar Trevino Morales, alias 'Z-42,' a federal official said. The official, who was not authorized to be quoted by name due to government policy, said Trevino Morales, 41, was arrested in a pre-dawn raid in San Pedro Garza Garcia, a wealthy suburb of the northern city of Monterrey. The Mexican government had offered a $2million reward for his capture on weapons and organized crime charges. Scroll down for video . Soldiers escort a man identified as Omar Trevino Morales, the leader of the Zetas drug cartel, in Mexico City . Morales, also known as Z-42 is taken under custody to the Attorney General Office's hangar at the airport . The US Drug Enforcement Administration, which had Morales on its 'Most Wanted' list, had offered a $5million reward for his capture on cocaine-trafficking charges. Trevino may also face charges for several abductions and murders. Trevino's give name is Alejandro, but he has had multiple aliases and nicknames, including 'Omar,' '42' and 'Commandante 42.' The arrest of Morales comes just days after the capture of Servando 'La Tuta' Gomez, leader of the Knights Templar drug gang, who was the the most wanted capo still at large in Mexico. Morales, pictured emerging from a military plane in Mexico City after being captured in a pre-dawn raid in San Pedro Garza Garcia, a wealthy suburb of the northern city of Monterrey . Soldiers escort a man who authorities identified as Omar Trevino Morales, whose aliases include 'Omar,' '42' and 'Commandante 42' The suspect is the brother of Miguel Angel Trevino Morales, described as the most bloodthirsty leader of Mexico's most violent organized crime group. Miguel Angel was arrested in July 2013, almost a year after marines killed the Zetas' other biggest leader, Heriberto Lazcano 'El Lazca.' ‘Omar Trevino was the heir to all the Zetas who were going down,’ said Raul Benitez, a security expert at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The Zetas carved a path of brutality, bloodshed and mutilated bodies across northern Mexico during their turf battles with the rival Gulf cartel, claiming upwards of 100,000 lives since 2007. The suspect is the brother of Miguel Angel Trevino Morales, who is described as the most bloodthirsty leader of Mexico's most violent organized crime group . Morales is one of Mexico's most wanted drug lords and inherited the leadership of the Los Zetas when his brother Miguel Angel 'Z-40' Trevino was arrested in July 2013 . Soldiers take the alleged leader of the Zetas drug cartel to be presented to the press at the Attorney General Office's hangar at the airport in Mexico City . Omar Trevino (left), 41, assumed control of the crime syndicate after the capture of his notoriously violent brother, Miguel Angel Trevino Morales (right) Among the most notorious incidents attributed to Los Zetas are the massacres of dozens of migrant workers, an arson attack on a Monterrey casino in 2011 that killed 52 and the dumping of 49 decapitated bodies near the same city in 2012. Once the flashpoint for the worst of the violence, security in northern Mexico has improved considerably, except for the lawless northeastern border state of Tamaulipas, said Raul Benitez. Founded in the late 1990s by deserters from an elite Mexican army unit, the Zetas initially acted as enforcers for the powerful Gulf cartel, based along the border with Texas and one of the oldest criminal syndicates in Mexico. But the group struck out on its own in early 2010, setting off the most violent phase in Mexico's drug war. Murder epidemic: Soldiers arrive to reinforce an operation in the suburb of Guadalupe in Monterrey October 26, 2009. The Zetas carved a path of brutality, bloodshed and mutilated bodies across northern Mexico during their turf battles with the rival Gulf cartel . Massacre: Gunmen of the Zetas drug cartel attacked the Casino Royale in August 25, 2011 where 54 people were killed in Nuevo Leon's capital Monterrey . | Alejandro 'Omar' Trevino Morales, alias 'Z-42,' was apprehended in suburb of Monterrey, Mexico . Mexican government had offered a $2million reward for his capture on weapons and organized crime charges . US Drug Enforcement Administration had offered a $5million reward for Trevino's arrest on drug-trafficking, murder and abduction charges . Trevino's brother Miguel Angel Trevino Morales, described as the most bloodthirsty Zetas chieftain, was arrested in 2013 . |
What is Economics? | Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes what's viewed as basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the economy as a system where production, consumption, saving, and investment interact, and factors affecting it: employment of the resources of labour, capital, and land, currency inflation, economic growth, and public policies that have impact on these elements. | Economics allows us to understand resources, production of goods and services, growth over time and other issues that impact society. Microeconomics is the study of individual agents such as buyers, sellers and households. Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole system and the factors that affect it. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Indiana man Kenneth Harden was charged with nearly 40 felonies last year but will only serve two years in jail after his wife changed her statement . An Indiana man charged with almost 40 felonies last year will only serve two years behind bars after his wife changed her statement to police. Kenneth Harden, 32, was charged with 38 crimes including rape, intimidation, strangulation criminal confinement and domestic battery after he allegedly abused his wife at their Seymour home. According to court documents, Harden made his wife sign a sex-slave contract and mark the document with her own blood. Harden's wife was forced to wear a collar and perform sex acts on a daily basis. There were also times he burned her with cigarettes, choked her until she was unconscious and locked her head in a box, the wife said. A search of their home revealed an 11--page document called 'Sex Slave Manual 2014' that outlined the woman's role, chores and punishments. The 'slave' told police she couldn't leave her 'master' because he controlled the medication she needed for her severe diabetes. After initially detailing her treatment to police following an incident on August 30, 2014, Harden's wife changed her statement. Before she changed her mind, the wife said: 'I'm tired of the abuse. 'I'm tired of getting hit every day. 'Please, I'm scared.' Prosecutors felt their case against Harden had weakened substantially so they offered him a negotiated plea deal, the Indy Star reported. Some of the offenses Harden was charged with were each punishable by up to 20 years in prison. He will only serve two years in prison and be on probation for one after pleading guilty to one charge of criminal confinement. Jackson County Prosecutor AmyMarie Travis said the wife, who has not been identified, 'believes justice has been served'. Travis said: 'The victim's deposition was not consistent with her original police report. 'It became clear to the state of Indiana that it was proper to offer a negotiated plea agreement that we offered.' Harden and his wife met on Craiglist. He has been in jail since he was arrested. A change-of-plea hearing on the matter is scheduled for March 6 in Jackson Circuit Court. | Indiana man Kenneth Harden was charged with nearly 40 felonies last year . Charges included rape, intimidation, strangulation and domestic battery . He could have served up to 20 years for each of the most serious offenses . Wife changed the statement she made to police and plea deal was reached . Harden pleaded guilty to just one charge and will serve two years in prison . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tammy Gregory, 36 (pictured outside Reading Crown Court today) is accused of having sex with the underage boy at her home in in August 2013 . A mother-of-three had sex with a 14-year-old friend of her daughter when he went to her house after spending an evening drinking vodka, a court heard. Tammy Gregory, 36, appeared at Reading Crown Court today accused of having sex with the underage boy at her home in Reading, Berkshire, in August 2013. The court heard how the schoolboy, who cannot be named for legal reasons, arrived at Gregory's three-bedroomed house in the early hours following an evening out with her daughter and friends. Christopher Hewertson, prosecuting, told the jury that at about 2am or 3am the boy went to bed in Gregory's room, while his friends went into her young sons' room. The jury was shown the footage of a police interview with the schoolboy, who said that while Gregory's daughter went to bed in her own room, he went to sleep in the master bedroom. The court heard that the group had been drinking until about 2am and when the boy awoke in the double bed later that morning, Gregory, then aged 33, was in the bed next to him, wearing her pyjamas. The jury was told they then started kissing before having full sex. In the police video, the boy said: 'It was like 3am in the morning and she [Gregory's daughter] went to her room. 'So then I just went into her [Gregory's] bed. She was not there. 'I woke up, I don't know what time, it was light and she [Gregory] was there. 'We just started kissing and it happened. I pulled down her pyjama bottoms. We wasn't (sic) speaking. 'I stopped kissing her and pulled my shorts down and we had sex. I didn't say anything.' When questioned by Mr Hewertson, the boy admitted he had been drinking vodka on the night in question, mixed with fizzy drinks. Mr Hewertson told the jury of five men and seven women: 'The sexual activity takes place at the defendant's home address. 'There is no dispute that the victim was 14-years-old at the time. He had had his 14th birthday exactly a week before. 'Clearly alcohol was consumed. 'He wakes up close to dawn at which stage he is aware the defendant has got into bed with him. 'They roll over and face one another. There is a period of kissing. He, in effect, rolled on top of her. [It] led to full sex. 'It was full sexual activity, consensual and deliberate between the victim, aged 14, and defendant, clearly an adult.' Mr Hewertson told the jury that the question they had to answer was whether the pair actually had sex or not. 'He says squarely that they did and she says squarely that they did not,' he said. 'The prosecution says this is not some kind of figment of imagination, made up by him. There is no motive. It is simply his frank position. 'She deliberately, and we say significantly, had sex with him underage.' The court heard how Gregory allegedly engaged in 'full sexual activity' with the schoolboy, who is a friend of her daughter. The pair are said to have had sex after he went to her house after drinking vodka with friends . The schoolboy denied in cross-examination that he was lying about sleeping with Gregory and insisted she had joined him in bed and had sex with him. However, John Barker, defending, suggested that the boy had arrived at Gregory's three-storey home very drunk. He claimed that the boy had vomited in the back garden before being put to bed in the bedroom of Gregory's two young sons after she and her daughter cleaned up the mess. Mr Barker said that at some point during the night, the boy went into Gregory's bedroom and told her he felt unwell so she got him a glass of water and allowed him to sleep there. 'You were drunk and sick,' he suggested. 'You went to bed and were shown to the boys' room. Shortly after that you got up and went into Tammy's room. 'You complained that you were feeling sick and she brought you some water and you stayed there and fell asleep on top of the bed covers.' The boy denied that version of events, claiming he had gone to bed and had awoken to find Gregory beside him. Mr Barker accused the boy of lying about having sex with Gregory to his friends. 'Did you say to them "I slept with Tammy",' he asked. 'Is that how all this started? You lied to your friends?' However, the boy denied that he had lied and said: 'Why would I lie to them?' Gregory, 36, denies one count of causing or inciting a child to engage in sexual activity and insists the teenage boy was drunk and went to her bed and fell asleep. The trial at Reading Crown Court (pictured) continues . Mr Barker said Gregory's daughter had persuaded her mother to let the boy stay because he was so unwell. 'You were puking and she took pity on you,' he said. 'She persuaded Tammy to let you stay. She [Gregory] put you to bed soon after you arrived. She looked after you, got you a drink, talked to you for hours.' The boy denied that was the case and added: 'If I was lying, how would me telling two of my friends end up with me sitting here two years later?' The court heard that the boy's mother found out about the alleged incident through friends and confronted Gregory at her home before reporting it to police. Mr Hewertson said the boy did not feel like a victim. 'He, in many ways, despite being a child, doesn't consider himself really a victim in the archetypal sense,' he said. 'It is because he was fairly participating in the act.' Gregory denies one count of causing or inciting a child to engage in sexual activity. She insists that she was in bed on the night in question and that the boy came to her room drunk where she comforted him before he fell asleep. The trial continues. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Tammy Gregory is accused of having sex with 14-year-old boy at her home . 36-year-old allegedly engaged in sex with a friend of her daughter in 2013 . Court heard boy went to her home after drinking vodka and got in her bed . Following morning she was said to be beside him and they started kissing . Jury at Reading Crown Court told they then engaged in 'full sexual activity' Mother-of-two Gregory denies causing or inciting a child to engage in sex . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Having spent 15 years in the NFL watching linebackers run towards him in an attempt to leave him on the ground, there can't be much that scares New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. But it seems the four-time Super Bowl winner has met his match. The 37-year-old shared a video on Facebook of himself diving off a cliff into a pool at the bottom of a waterfall while on a family holiday, accompanied by his wife Gisele Bundchen. Brady wrote a message to accompany the video saying: 'Never doing that again! #AirBrady'. Tom Brady took on a daring cliff dive while on a holiday during the NFL off-season . The New England Patriots quarterback launches himself off the edge of a cliff . Brady posted the video on Facebook with the message 'never doing that again' The 37-year-old rises from to the surface of the water after his courageous dive . The Patriots quarterback is taking a well-earned break after guiding New England to a thrilling Super Bowl victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Glendale, Arizona last month. The 28-24 victory over Seattle at the University of Phoenix Stadium on February 1 clinched an elusive fourth Super Bowl ring for Brady, a decade after he won his third. Brady and his family have recently been in Costa Rica on a family holiday. Brady and his wife Gisele Bundchen watch a World Cup game in Brazil in the summer of 2014 . Brady guided New England to a 28-24 win over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1 . The win in Glendale, Arizona was Brady's fourth Super Bowl title in a glittering NFL career . | Tom Brady takes on a frightening dive off the edge of a cliff . The New England Patriots star is enjoying a break during NFL off-season . Brady guided Patriots to Super Bowl victory over Seattle in February . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's been a brutal winter for many people across the East Coast of the United States with non-stop snow storms. But now forecasters are warning that Southerners could get a new cold front heading across the country which could leave a bit of everything in its wake - including snow, flooding, ice and mudslides. Temperatures will soon drop 20 degrees or more throughout the country, according to data from The National Weather Service. Scroll down for video . Forecasters are warning that a new cold front is heading across the country, which could include snow, flooding, ice and mudslides. Snow falls near the entrance of Noble Park in Paducah, Kentucky . On Wednesday afternoon another cold front bringing with it a possible snow storm that could dump up to eight inches in New York was on the cards and was set to last until Thursday night . On Wednesday afternoon another cold front brought a possible snow storm to the east coast. Up to eight inches of fresh snow are expected to fall on New York city today after it was hit by a round of rain and sleet. One forecaster said that it was going to continue until late in the afternoon. 'Here we go,' Mayor Bill de Blasio said, adding that the Sanitation Department was gearing up to tackle the mess. He wrote on Twitter late last night: 'The weather tonight and tomorrow may create dangerous travel conditions. Be careful.' The overall wintry onslaught has already affected around 92 million people in the U.S. who are under some sort of winter weather warning, watch or advisory, according to CNN. Vehicle tracks are left as snow falls in Henderson, Kentucky, yesterday afternoon. The area is expected to get six to 10 inches of snow . Car owners prop up their windshield wipers as first sleet, then heavy snow, falls in Henderson . LaMont Ridley (right), 11, tags his friend, Gabe Bean, 10, with a snowball as the two play in front of LaMont's home in Kentucky . Snow is quickly blanketing the region as the two boys throw snowballs at each other, getting some good shots in . The latest round of wintry weather will eventually extend nearly 2,000 miles, from New Mexico to Massachusetts. Forecasters are predicting that Kentucky could see a further six to 10 inches of snow. Meanwhile Boston Massachusetts has seen 105.7 inches of snow - just 1.9 inches short of the record set nine years ago. Temperatures on Thursday night and Friday morning are expected to plunge to around zero. Another major concern was over ice which could cause power outages in Arkansas, northern Mississippi and western Tennessee which will experience icy weather. There are predictions that some areas could get a third of an inch of ice accumulation. An aerial view of Chicago city shows a frozen Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois, yesterday . A woman navigates high snow banks and deep puddles as she walks through the Chinatown neighborhood of Boston yesterday afternoon . Steven Watson, a dog trainer and walker, navigates a six-strong pack of dogs over a snow-cleared path at the Boston Common . Commuters made their way slowly home in Henderson, Kentucky, last night after rain continued into the evening as heavy snow . Dallas is forecast to experience sleet and ice which could cause problems at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, where more than 630 arrivals and departures were canceled or delayed yesterday. Altogether, nationwide, more than 3,800 flights were delayed, according to website FlightAware. At least 1,750 were canceled. It is expected that another 2,000 flights will be delayed due to bad weather today. Schools from Texas to West Virginia also closed early Wednesday and Penn State University canceled classes due to weather for the first time in eight years. And as the weather wallops the country with a mixture of problems, western Kentucky, northern Tennessee and western Pennsylvania might get two to four inches of rain from a slow moving front. A silver car is nearly submerged in flood waters in Virginia as forecasters predict Kentucky, northern Tennessee and western Pennsylvania could get two to four inches of rain from a slow-moving front . Cars are forced to turn round in Rivesville, West Virginia, after rain and warm temperatures caused snow to melt and flood the roads . A large house and its drive are completely surrounded by flood waters near Waverly, Kentucky . Thee cars are submerged in Logan, West Virginia, yesterday afternoon. Flood warnings have been issued as heavy rain moves through the state before giving way to significant snowfall . A home in Wise County, Virginia, is surrounded by water and ice already as more sleet and snow arrives . Residents of these cities are also being warned that flooding could become a major issue if rain totals reach their expected limits. But it wont stop there, rain is likely to turn back into snowfall in many states as cold air pushes in. And just to add a twist in the weather, there has already been a mudslide reported in Mingo County West Virginia which resulted in one woman going to the hospital, according to WCHS-TV. | The National Weather Service said temperatures will soon drop 20 degrees . Wintry weather will extend 2000 miles from New Mexico to Massachusetts . Ice could cause power outages in Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee . Western Kentucky, northern Tennessee and Pennsylvania might get rain . |
From the passage identify the subtypes of Hepatovirus A. Display the results in comma separated format. | Hepatovirus A is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus. Humans and other vertebrates serve as natural hosts.
Nine members of Hepatovirus are recognized. These species infect bats, rodents, hedgehogs, and shrews. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a rodent origin for Hepatitis A.[citation needed]
A member virus of hepatovirus B (Phopivirus) has been isolated from a seal. This virus shared a common ancestor with Hepatovirus A about 1800 years ago.[citation needed]
Another hepatovirus – Marmota himalayana hepatovirus – has been isolated from the woodchuck Marmota himalayana. This virus appears to have had a common ancestor with the primate-infecting species around 1000 years ago.[citation needed]
One serotype and seven different genetic groups (four human and three simian) have been described. The human genotypes are numbered I–III. Six subtypes have been described (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB). The simian genotypes have been numbered IV–VI. A single isolate of genotype VII isolated from a human has also been described. Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I. Of the type I isolates subtype IA accounts for the majority.
The mutation rate in the genome has been estimated to be 1.73–9.76 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. The human strains appear to have diverged from the simian about 3600 years ago. The mean age of genotypes III and IIIA strains has been estimated to be 592 and 202 years, respectively. | IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A couple who met while playing a game online have just celebrated a decade of married life together and are 'living happily ever after'. Claire Nelson, from Wales, met American husband Shane while playing a golf game on Xbox Live and spent the next year talking and playing with the US gamer. As a way to relax the Cardiff mother-of-two would play on her children's games console after they had gone to bed but she never guessed her hobby would change her life. Claire Nelson and husband Shane are celebrating ten years of marriage after meeting on Xbox Live . One night Claire, 40, who played Links 2004 with online friends, was introduced to Shane, 39, who was playing across the pond in Springfield, Missouri. Claire, a medical assistant, says that she immediately knew she wanted to be more than just friends. 'We had a mental connection and knew we wanted to be together right way. She told news-leader.com: 'One evening we were waiting for a fourth player to join our game, then there he was, a player named Tungfu (his real name Shane). He was quiet and only spoke a few times. It turned out that the “friends” I was playing with were Shane’s friends too but this was the first time that we “met". 'I knew he was American from his accent. (I forgot to mention I lived in Wales UK ). We were all chatting and I stated that “I wish I could find someone to romance me and I romance them.” 'Shane cut in with “Darn girl where do YOU live?” We knew there was a connection and we talked every night and on the weekends for nine months.' Because of the time difference between Wales and Missouri, with Claire being six hours ahead, it would be the early hours of the morning when Shane returned from work and was available to talk but she didn't mind. The pair married in 2005 after Claire flew to Springfield in US to propose to Shane . Shane traveled to Wales to wed Claire in 2006 and had another internet gamer as their best man . Claire said: 'We hit it off - over the next few months I'd fall asleep with my Xbox headset on and wait for Shane to get home from work and join the game. He'd wake me up and we'd talk all night.' They discussed 'everything' including Shane coming to live with her, marriage and babies. Although they shared a strong connection Claire said that it was difficult to have such a long distance relationship where they were more 3,000 miles away from each other. 'We dated online for over a year - it was very hard, we lived an ocean apart.' One year later, the couple decided to meet in person, with Claire, 40, flying to Springfield. On the first night she proposed to Shane, 39, a diesel mechanic, with a diamond ring. She added: 'I knew he would say "yes".' The couple, who have a seven-year-old son together named Riley, tied the knot in Wales in 2006, with another internet gamer acting as Shane's best man. They stayed there until the following year when they all boarded a plane to Springfield, where they've lived ever since. Claire has since moved to Springfield where the couple live with their children. They are pictured here with Claire's two children from a previous marriage . Claire, Shane, Riley and Claire's two children from a previous marriage now live in Springfield together. Since her wedding Claire revealed two of her friends have also had successful online relationships with one couple are married and the other couple are due to wed. Claire says that the world of online gaming allows you to meet people that you wouldn't otherwise come across. 'The best part about online gaming is that you get to make friends all over the world. 'We are living happily ever after. It's been my fairy tale come true.' She told news-leader.com: 'It was not an easy journey but it was all worth it. We both believe we have found our soulmate.' The happy couple have since had a son of their own Riley (pictured centre) Since their wedding two of Claire's friends have also had success with online relationships . | Claire, from Wales, and US-based Shane Nelson met playing on Xbox Live . Pair dated online for a year, talking and playing over the games console . Claire flew to the US to propose to Shane with a diamond ring . They wed in 2006 and now live together in Springfield, Missouri . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea striker Didier Drogba has spoken of his delight after John Terry signed a one-year contract extension with the Blues. The Chelsea skipper has signed on until the end of the 2015-16 campaign and Drogba believes the the new contract is fully deserved. Speaking to the official Chelsea website, Drogba said: 'When you see the way he has performed and that the manager is happy with him. Didier Drogbahas spoken of his delight after Chelsea skipper John Terry signed a contract extension . Terry has signed until the end of next season and Dorgba insists the new deal is fully deserved . Terry has made 661 appearances for Chelsea during his illustrious 17-year career at Stamford Bridge . 'He has that desire to carry on playing and to be the best. 'It [the new contract] is deserved and I'm really happy for him.' The pair spent eight seasons together at Stamford Bridge before Drogba moved to Galatasaray in 2012 but were reunited when the former Ivory Coast international rejoined the club this summer. Drogba and Terry have won three Premier League titles, four FA Cups and three League Cups together at Chelsea as well as the Champions League in 2012 as Drogba dispatched the winning spot-kick against Bayern Munich. The pair have spent nearly nine seasons together at Stamford Bridge, winning 13 trophies in that time . Dorgba scores the winning penalty as Chelsea claimed the Champions League against Bayern Munich in 2012 . Terry holds aloft the Champions League trophy following Chelsea' penalty shootout win at the Allianz Arena . | Didier Drogba and John Terry have spent nearly nine seasons together . Terry has made 661 appearances for Chelsea during his illustrious career . 34-year-old has won 13 major honours with the Blues during his 17 years . |
Subsets and Splits