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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Bay of Fundy is known for having the highest tidal range in the world. And a time-lapse video that captures the rise and fall of the ice-capped tide at Hall’s Harbour in Nova Scotia, Canada, shows the natural wonder in all its beauty. Three fishing boats in the video appear to be beached as day breaks and the large sweeping shadow is replaced by sunlight. Day breaks at Hall’s Harbour in Nova Scotia and the large sweeping shadow is replaced by sunlight . Suddenly the tide begins to rise in the distance and as water rushes through to the harbour the boats begin to rock on the surface of the bay. The surface remains frozen throughout the video, but a gap in the ice on the left shows water flooding onto the side of the bank as the level rises. Before long the water has risen to be parallel with the harbour and the boats that were once grounded sit awkwardly on the top of the ice. As the tide begins to rise water rushes through to the harbour and the boats begin to rock on the surface . Two men can be seen shovelling snow from one of the boats as the water level begins to decrease once more. They leave for the day as nightfall approaches, and darkness soon cloaks the scene. The Bay of Fundy, which has contested for world tidal dominance with the Leaf Basin in Ungava Bay, Canada, achieved the record for the highest water level ever at the head of Minas Basin on the night of the ‘Saxby Gale’ on October 4, 1869. In 1975, the Guinness Book of World Records declared that Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia has the highest tides in the world. The water rises to be parallel with the harbour and the boats that were once grounded sit awkwardly on top . According to oceanographers, tidal resonance resulting from a coincidence of timing is the cause for the dramatic increase in water levels. However, traditional Mi'kmaq folklore attributes the high tides in the Bay of Fundy to a giant whale splashing in the water. Tens of thousands of people flocked to beauty spots on the coasts of Canada, the UK, France and the Netherlands over the weekend to catch a glimpse of the ‘tide of the century’. As nightfall approaches, darkness cloaks the scene and the water level begins to fall once more . The Guinness Book of World Records declared that Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia has the world's highest tides . It was the first giant tide of the millennium, with experts predicting that it could reach as high as 46ft in north-eastern France. Although it is dubbed the ‘tide of the century’, the ‘supertide’ phenomenon occurs once every 18 years when a rare alignment of the sun, moon and Earth create a massive gravitational pull on the sea. The next ‘tide of the century’ will take place in March 2033. | Video captures the rise and fall of the ice-capped tide at Hall’s Harbour . Boats move up and down over the course of the day's full tidal cycle . Men are featured shovelling snow from one of the boats as the tide falls . The Bay of Fundy reached a record high tide on night of October 4, 1869 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Atlanta (CNN)A report on lab safety at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention put together by a committee of external experts calls the agency's commitment to safety "inconsistent and insufficient." The report, which was completed in January but posted on the agency's website this week, also says "laboratory safety training is inadequate." The report was put together by an external group of 11 experts in biosafety, laboratory science and research. In the report, they say they are "very concerned that the CDC is on the way to losing credibility." The agency created the advisory group to improve lab safety in July in the wake of two mishaps and other issues that were uncovered through procedural reviews. One incident occurred in June when dozens of employees in a bioterrorism lab working with the deadly anthrax virus, were at risk because of a failure to properly follow sterilization techniques. The head of that lab resigned after the incident. This followed a May incident in which avian influenza samples, thought to not be dangerous, were unintentionally mixed with the deadly H5N1 influenza virus and then shipped to a USDA lab. Then in December, with the advisory group already working to reduce lab safety risks and improve the culture of safety, employees in the Ebola lab were potentially exposed to that virus when a technician mistakenly transported the wrong specimens from a high-level lab to a lower-level lab. Internal investigations were done after each incident, and various changes were recommended such as cameras being added to some labs and certificates being required to transfer samples from some labs, following the Ebola incident. The four-page report summarizes the groups findings and offers recommendations following visits to CDC labs, meetings with CDC staff and a survey about the laboratory safety culture at CDC. The report recommends all CDC labs go through an external review and accreditation process. They suggest the College of American Pathologists for clinical labs and the American Biological Safety Association for research labs. To that point, the committee says in the report, "The CDC must not see itself as special. The internal controls and rules that the rest of the world works under also apply to CDC." Other recommendations include: . -- Funding for lab safety programs and standardized training. -- Implementing risk assessments. -- Establishing a system of responsible science and accountability. -- Rewarding researchers who run safe labs. -- Hiring a director to oversee lab safety. In response to the recommendations, CDC Chief Operating Officer Sherri Berger said in a statement, "It's critical that we continue to solicit feedback on how we can improve our operations, especially functions as critical as lab safety. We brought this group of external experts together over the summer to assist us with identifying and implementing solutions, of which many are already underway." | External advisory committee to CDC warns the agency is on its way to losing credibility . Group of experts says CDC's commitment to safety is "inconsistent" and "insufficient " Advisory committee recommends all CDC labs go through external review and accreditation process . |
What are the 3 laws of motion that Newton defined? | Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows:
A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force.
When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force.
If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions.
The three laws of motion were first stated by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), originally published in 1687. Newton used them to investigate and explain the motion of many physical objects and systems, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. In the time since Newton, the conceptual content of classical physics has been reformulated in alternative ways, involving different mathematical approaches that have yielded insights which were obscured in the original, Newtonian formulation. Limitations to Newton's laws have also been discovered; new theories are necessary when objects move at very high speeds (special relativity), are very massive (general relativity), or are very small (quantum mechanics). | 1. A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force.
2. When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force.
3. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions |
what was population of India during Mauryan Era? | Prehistory to early 19th century
The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[citation needed]
Estimates of historical world population
Year Aggregate average Period Average
% growth
/ century
Population % of World population
10,000 BC 1,000 0.83% Stone Age 30.28
4000 BC 1,000,000 30.83%
2000 BC 13,000,000 37.143% Bronze Age 26.25
500 BC 25,000,000 41.70% Iron Age
400 BC 26,000,000 43.96%
200 BC 31,000,000 47.63% Maurya era
1 AD 35,000,000 35.56% Classical
era
200 41,000,000 36.15%
400 47,000,000 40%
500 50,000,000 43.58%
600 53,000,000 48.83% Early
medieval
era
700 60,000,000 56.67%
800 64,000,000 55%
900 70,000,000 53.34%
1000 79,000,000 30%
1100 83,000,000 35% Late
medieval
era
1200 86,000,000 36.67%
1300 91,000,000 38.34%
1400 97,000,000 30%
1500 105,000,000 21.67%
1600 140,000,000 23.33% Early modern era
1650 170,000,000 26.15%
1700 140,000,000 20%
1750 183,000,000 21.53%
1800 200,000,000 20%
1820 210,000,000 19.09%
The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the up to 1500 AD.
Under Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9%
Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551–1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707). | It was around 31,000,000 during Maurya Era (200BC) . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England have the biggest representation on a 12-strong shortlist announced by tournament organisers for this season's RBS 6 Nations player of the tournament. Centre Jonathan Joseph, fly-half George Ford, scrum-half Ben Youngs and No 8 Billy Vunipola all feature among the group. England, despite beating France 55-35 two days ago, were pipped to the title by Ireland, with Wales finishing third. George Ford (right) has been named in a 12-man shortlist for Six Nations player of the tournament . Ford's England team-mate Jonathan Joseph (centre) also features as does Ben Youngs and Billy Vunipola . Three Ireland players make the list - captain Paul O'Connell, centre Robbie Henshaw and scrum-half Conor Murray - together with Welshmen Alun-Wyn Jones and Dan Biggar, Scots Stuart Hogg and Jonny Gray, and Italy captain Sergio Parisse. Surprise omissions, though, include Wales captain Sam Warburton and his team-mate Leigh Halfpenny, plus France wing Yoann Huget. Throughout the tournament, players were awarded (or deducted) points based on statistical performance across different categories. Six Nations analysts weighted the importance of different actions, depending on different positions, with those categories then collated to give each player an overall performance score. Public voting via the official Six Nations website closes at midnight on Wednesday. Ireland's Six Nations captain Paul O'Connell features along with Robbie Henshaw and Conor Murray . | 12-man shortlist was announced by tournament organisers on Monday . Billy Vunipola is the other representative to feature for England . Ireland trio Paul O'Connell, Robbie Henshaw and Conor Murray feature . |
What did Franz Beckenbauer call Bobby Moore? | "My captain, my leader, my right-hand man. He was the spirit and the heartbeat of the team. A cool, calculating footballer I could trust with my life. He was the supreme professional, the best I ever worked with. Without him England would never have won the World Cup." Alf Ramsey*
"He was my friend as well as the greatest defender I ever played against. The world has lost one of its greatest football players and an honourable gentleman." Pelé
"Bobby Moore was a real gentleman and a true friend." Franz Beckenbauer
"Moore was the best defender I have ever seen." Sir Alex Ferguson
"Bobby Moore was the best defender in the history of the game" Franz Beckenbauer
"There should be a law against him. He knows what's happening 20 minutes before everyone else." Jock Stein
"Ask me to talk about Bobby Moore the footballer and I will talk for days. Ask me about the man and I will dry up in a minute." Ron Greenwood
"Immaculate footballer. Imperial defender. Immortal hero of 1966. First Englishman to raise the World Cup aloft. Favourite son of London's East End. Finest legend of West Ham United. National Treasure. Master of Wembley. Lord of the game. Captain extraordinary. Gentleman of all time." Inscription on the pedestal of the statue at Wembley Stadium. | Franz Beckenbauer described Bobby Moore as "a real gentleman and a true friend". |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kevin De Bruyne or Cesc Fabregas? Jose Mourinho knows who he'd choose. The Chelsea boss made a brave decision when he shipped the former off to Wolfsburg, basing the spine of his team on £30million man Fabregas. But could it have been the wrong choice? This season, De Bruyne has racked up more goals and more assists than Fabregas, while Mourinho's current midfield maestro searches desperately for his first goal since December. Kevin De Bruyne has scored more goals and assisted more than Cesc Fabregas has this season . Fabregas (centre) has not scored a goal for Chelsea since mid-December, while De Bruyne is impressing . De Bruyne is in the process of establishing himself as one of the biggest talents in the Bundesliga, helping Wolsburg cement their place in the top echelons of German football. Typically, the pair play in slightly different positions. Fabregas is more suited to a defensive midfield role, while De Bruyne roams further forward. Despite this, for £30m you would expect Fabregas to be firing on all cylinders, chipping in with more goals than he has been. De Bruyne was signed for just shy of £7m in 2012, but mostly consigned to a place on the Stamford Bridge bench, starting just two Premier League games in two years at the club. He was criminally underused in the league, especially if this season's stats hint at his ability. 19 assists to Fabregas' 18, 13 goals to Fabregas' four. Indeed, it is the goal count that is most worrying for Chelsea. De Bruyne was sold to Wolfsburg, and has scored 13 goals in the Bundesliga this season . For Chelsea, De Bruyne was only given two starting places in the Premier League in two years . Fabregas was stifled against Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League on Wednesday . Was Jose Mourinho right to sell Kevin De Bruyne? Was Jose Mourinho right to sell Kevin De Bruyne? Now share your opinion . They have not been desperate for scorers, admittedly - Diego Costa and Eden Hazard have that covered - but their side could surely have been improved with the talents of the Belgian midfielder. At the start of the 2013/14 season, De Bruyne was given a fleeting chance to impress, before the door slammed shut on his Chelsea career. His final two starts in the Premier League. First up, Hull. As assist for Oscar, and an impressive performance that warranted praise from Gary Neville. 'The surprise of the season,' he was tipped as. Following that, he was entrusted with a place in the starting XI against Manchester United. 60 minutes, zero goals, zero assists. And from there, zero starts. His only further Premier League appearance came against Fulham a month later. Five minutes at the end, when the game was already won. He was shipped out on loan to Werder Bremen in January, where he impressed. Perhaps it was the change of surroundings, perhaps slightly easier opposition, but German rivals Wolfsburg later decided that his performances were enough to be worthy of £18m. He scored 10 goals in 33 appearances on loan in Germany, and has continued where he left off this season. A brace against Inter Milan on Thursday is his latest story of success. Wolfsburg are now in a commanding position in their Europa League last 16 tie, and that is mainly thanks to De Bruyne. When he wasn't scoring, he was setting them up, and he earned deserved praise from all corners. De Bruyne's European week was far more impressive, as he scored twice against Inter Milan . Jose Mourinho has impressed in charge at Chelsea, but may be ruing his decision to let De Bruyne go . Fabregas, on the other hand, could not do the same against Paris Saint-Germain. Another level of competition, yes, but it is worth considering whether De Bruyne would have been able to make an impact. Stifled by Marco Verratti and Thiago Motta, the Spain international was largely anonymous. There is no questioning Mourinho's eye for talent. He has produced them time and time again, but everyone makes mistakes. De Bruyne may not have impressed week in, week out in a Chelsea shirt, but he was only 20 years old when he joined. Three years later, he has matured into an impressive footballer. Still baby-faced, but far from it with the ball at his feet. Fabregas (right) and his team-mates look dejected after conceding against PSG in the Champions League . A baby-faced De Bruyne in action against Singha Thailand All-Star XI during a 2013 pre-season game . | Kevin De Bruyne started two league games for Chelsea in two years . He was given minimal chances to impress in the Premier League . This season for Wolfsburg, he has scored and assisted more goals than current Chelsea man Cesc Fabregas . Fagbregas has four goals, while De Bruyne has netted 13 in Germany . Did Jose Mourinho make a mistake letting the Belgian midfielder leave? Click HERE to read more Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | ENGLAND VERDICT . In one sense disappointment because that was the fourth straight year England have finished runners-up. Professional sport is about winning; sport’s oldest adage is ‘nobody remembers who came second’. On the other hand, England are growing and improving and I am very positive and excited about this team. They have discovered a creative, attacking game that can put any team in the world under pressure if they have the courage to use it. If they work massively on their defence, ensure the full might and power of England’s front five can be brought into every game and become far more clinical in their decision-making at key moments they can achieve great things. And Twickenham was rocking again on Saturday, the first time in ages we really did have 80,000 people on their feet screaming. England are going to be incredibly tough to beat at Twickenham this autumn and that’s a good place to be in a World Cup. England's players form a huddle after narrowly missing out on the Six Nations title to Ireland on Saturday . Head coach Stuart Lancaster walks down the tunnel after watching his country's 55-35 victory against France . WHAT DID STUART LANCASTER GET RIGHT AND WRONG? 15. Mike Brown 14. Anthony Watson 13. Jonathan Joseph 12. Henry Slade 11. Jack Nowell 10. George Ford 9. Ben Youngs 1. Alex Corbisiero 2. Dylan Hartley 3. Dan Cole 4. Courtney Lawes 5. Joe Launchbury 6. James Haskell 8. Billy Vunipola 7. Chris Robshaw . Bench: Marler, T Youngs, Wilson, Parling, Wood, Care, Farrell, Tuilagi . RIGHT: He has nailed down the first-choice half-back combination — George Ford and Ben Youngs — and that is huge. Ford has been impressive from the start and Youngs has finished the tournament like a train. The coach has also given Jonathan Joseph his head at 13 and England have a real cutting edge at outside centre, supported by two fast-developing wings. Jack Nowell has impressed in all sorts of ways and Anthony Watson has pace and class, although he needs to find ways of getting more involved. The first-choice England backs, with the exception of 12, pick themselves now and have a tournament together under their belt. Billy Vunipola is now an 80-minute player — he didn’t miss a minute of the five games. That’s a big step forward and down to hard work and dedication. George Ford (pictured), alongside Ben Youngs, have formed a first-choice half-back combination . WRONG: Lancaster missed a golden opportunity to check on Danny Cipriani’s form by starting him against Scotland, when I would also have tried Henry Slade at 12. Ford could get injured, so Cipriani needs to be fully integrated and Slade could be the answer in a problem position. England have also missed out by not getting Steffon Armitage involved because there are occasions when the back row has looked unbalanced and one-paced. It is too late now and that idea, alas, has to be binned totally. I am still puzzled by some of the substitutions. No Cipriani against Ireland, then he was brought on at full back on Saturday when it cried out for him to play at inside centre. Also, why bring on Richard Wigglesworth, who is just not an impact player, for Youngs with 10 minutes left against France? Youngs was enjoying the game of his life and when the adrenaline is pumping you can achieve remarkable things. It was his day and he wasn’t finished. Lancaster missed an opportunity to start Danny Cipriani (centre) against Scotland during the Six Nations . HOW CAN ENGLAND IMPROVE THEIR DEFENCE? England conceded 11 tries in the tournament and though I would discount the France game as an extraordinary one-off, they still coughed up sloppy scores in other games. At this level it is about two things on top of great technique. Firstly, you have to throw a mental switch from attacking to defending. You must instantly go into a different mindset. That defensive mindset was just not there on Saturday and cost England the championship. Secondly, you need to communicate all the time from 1-15 — keep talking, pointing and tackling. If Twickenham is going to become a fortress again it starts and finishes with defence — 11 tries is six too many for a team which has the firepower to trouble any side. Ben Youngs goes over the line to give England an early lead in their must-win Six Nations clash against France . Leicester Tigers star Youngs jumps for joy after scoring the first try of the match on Saturday evening . PLAYER OF THE TOURNAMENT . My England player of the tournament is George Ford, who has quickly proved himself a real gem. He is the man who has started bringing out the full potential of a talented and dangerous England back division. My player of the tournament, though, is Ireland flanker Sean O’Brien, who is a force of nature when fully fit. He set the tone for Ireland in their important win over England and his display against the Scots on Saturday was the most impactful individual performance of the tournament. Ford (centre) is my England player of the tournament - he has proved himself as a real talent . ARE IRELAND WORTHY CHAMPIONS? Yes, totally. They have the best coach in Joe Schmidt and the outstanding captain and leader in Paul O’Connell. Ireland have seamlessly brought in young players, notably Jared Payne and Robbie Henshaw, who have replaced Brian O’Driscoll and Gordon D’Arcy. Schmidt varies his game plans and selections cleverly and rarely misses a trick. They outplayed and out-thought England in Dublin and their more expansive — but ruthless — game plan at Murrayfield was delivered perfectly. Ireland are rock solid, they are only going to get better and will not fall off the cliff like they did in the 2007 World Cup in France. The Irish will be a big factor at RWC2015. Ireland have the best coach in Joe Schmidt and Paul O'Connell (right) is an outstanding captain and leader . WALES VERDICT . They look very dangerous and threatening and are building their year nicely. Warren Gatland is another excellent coach — for some reason he never gets the full credit he is due — and he will have Wales perfectly fine-tuned by September. Their incredible defence against Ireland impressed me most of all and they have dangerous backs all over the park. My one concern would be their front row, with injuries and the retirement of Adam Jones. Even in that huge win in Rome, Italy pushed them about a bit at scrum-time. They can’t afford that to happen at the World Cup but Gatland has been there and has the T-shirt, and Wales really need to get behind him now. Warren Gatland never gets the full credit he deserves and he will have Wales fine-tuned by September . CHAMPAGNE MOMENT . In fact it was a eureka moment! It was when Ford took that quick line-out throw on England’s own line in the first half on Saturday and started a brilliant counter-attack that ended with Youngs going in under the posts. That was this England team at their best and most dangerous and they need to be fearless and reproduce that in the very biggest games. Will they do it in the first minute against a world-class team in the World Cup? That’s still the big question. George Ford slides in to score England's fourth try of the afternoon and first of the second half against France . AND FINALLY THE FRENCH! I don’t buy for one minute this idea that the T14 is diluting their talent. They still have an incredible pool of players and any top coach would love the prospect of having the French national team. They just need to stop looking for excuses and start to leverage their amazing talent. Yes, they have been a bit of a shambles at times in this tournament but, incredibly for a team who shipped 55 points, there were one or two hints at a brighter future on Saturday. And I would say this: France turn up at World Cups. They have reached three finals and there will always be an anxiety about playing them in the knockout stages. France still have an incredible pool and players and they need to stop looking for excuses . | England are growing and improving - the future is certainly exciting . Stuart Lancaster has done well to nail down a half-back combination . George Ford and Ben Youngs have been very impressive for England . Ireland flanker Sean O’Brien is my player of the Six Nations tournament . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's only logical that Kirstie Alley has been called out by Star Trek fans for paying tribute to the wrong Spock. The actress raised the heckles of Trekkies Sunday when she wrote a tribute on Twitter seemingly honoring a real-life celebrity child psychologist instead of the fictional science officer of USS Enterprise portrayed by the late actor Leonard Nimoy. 'Rest in peace Dr. Spock ... Xxxooo,' Alley wrote in a message accompanying a black-and-white still photograph of Nimoy as the half-Vulcan first officer under the command of Captain James T. Kirk. Scroll down for video . Twitter gaffe: Kirstie Alley has been called out by Star Trek fans for calling Leonard Nimoy's character 'Dr Spock' instead of 'Mr Spock' Wrong Spock: The actress (left) accidentally paid tribute to Dr Benjamin Spock (right), a celebrity child psychoanalyst who died in 1998 . The vintage image also features a young Kirstie Alley as the Romulan Lieutenant Saavik, who appears to be going in for a kiss with Nimoy's stone-faced Spock in the 1982 Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan. Alley was later replaced in the role by the actress Robin Curtis. The 64-year-old TV and film actress unwittingly eulogized Dr Benjamin Spock, a famed pediatric psychoanalyst and the author of the mega best-seller Baby and Child Care who passed away in 1998 at age 94. Fans of the successful science fiction franchise Star Trek wasted no time pointing out Alley’s mistake. Co-stars: Kirstie Alley (left) played the Romulan Lieutenant Saavik in Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan alongside Nimoy as Spock (right) Brief sci-fi career: Alley (left andf right) was later replaced in the role by the actress Robin Curtis . Team Enterprise: Nimoy (far right) portrayed the half-Vulcan, half-human science officer Spock for 47 years. This file photo shows the cast of Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan, including William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk (center) and Alley as Saavik (second right) 'That's *Mr.* Spock. Dr. Spock was the baby expert,' user Eric Fettmann reminded the Look Who's Talking star. Another Star Trek fan Julie Smith wrote: 'ROFL Dr. Spock gave our parents advice about how to take care of us!' But others have come to Alley's defense, insisting that the actress' slip-up was just an innocent mistake. Alley, who was out of the country when Leonard Nimoy passed away Friday at age 83, defiantly responded to the flurry of tweets about her gaffe about an hour later. Outspoken: Alley, 64, has defended her tweet in a follow-up message, insisting that honorary titles notwithstanding, the sentiment was the same . Live Long and Prosper: Nimoy passed away Friday after a long battle with lung disease. He was 83. 'I'm sure Mr. Spock had PHD's in Science...anyway the sentiment is the same..jeez...hard to make gestures on here without Trek police..RIP,' she retorted. Nimoy, who played Mr Spock for 47 years, was laid to rest Sunday in Los Angeles following an intimate ceremony attended by family and close friends. | Alley, 64, mixed up Nimoy's Mr Spock with Dr Spock, calling to mind the late pediatric psychoanalyst and bestselling author Dr Benjamin Spock . The Look Who's Talking star appeared in Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan, portraying Lt Saavik . Alley defended her message in a follow-up tweet, insisting that her gaffe notwithstanding, the sentiment was the same . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England’s fourth Six Nations runners-up finish in succession has been labelled ‘unacceptable’ by RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie with head coach Stuart Lancaster told his side’s performances must improve in time for the World Cup. Lancaster’s men suffered championship heartache on Saturday as their thrilling 55-35 victory over France at Twickenham – watched by a record audience of 9.6 million on terrestrial television audience – saw them fall six points short of securing a Six Nations first title since he was appointed in 2012. Instead, his side had to settle for yet another second-place finish in their last competitive tournament before September’s World Cup, and Ritchie expressed his displeasure at the overall outcome. Another Six Nations runner-up spot for England is unacceptable, RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie has said . Ritchie feels Stuart Lancaster's men can win the Rugby World Cup despite their Six Nations second place . ‘Four years as runners-up is not acceptable and we are not happy with how that came about,’ he said. ‘If you go back through history, bearing in mind a lot of things, we should be, as a country, winning more in terms of Grand Slams, Six Nations championships, other things. ‘We had opportunities. ‘Let's be clear – entirely in our control. The Irish deserved the win because of what they did over the five matches. We did not do enough over the five matches. There's no point in bleating about it. ‘We simply didn't take opportunities, didn't do what we should have done, were not clever enough during parts of the game in order to deserve to win.’ England finished second to Ireland by a difference of six points, just falling short of top spot . Chris Robshaw was left devastated after his side ended up being Six Nations runners-up again . Robshaw shakes hands with Referee Nigel Owens at the end of theSix Nations match at Twickenham . England’s coaches were badly hamstrung by injuries in the build up to the tournament, with 11 players ruled out of their opening win over Wales in Cardiff and first-choice stars Manu Tuilagi, Joe Launchbury, Ben Morgan and Owen Farrell absent for the duration. That resulted in the emphasis being placed in youngsters such as George Ford, Anthony Watson and Jonathan Joseph with Lancaster and his staff keen to highlight the depth that has emerged. ‘We're developing, this is a development opportunity' – I don't take that,’ Ritchie added. ‘I don't think we're in a development phase. ‘We should be going into every game, doing our utmost to win and to win well. We've got the resources, the talent, the ability. Saturday was a fantastic example of that. ‘We've got to make sure we come out for the World Cup and deliver.’ Jules Plisson, Robshaw, Loann Goujon and Luther Burrell all challenge for the ball at Twickenham . Courtney Lawes is helped up by Benjamin Kayser at the end of theSix Nations match . | England finished second to Ireland by a difference on just six points . That was despite a heroic 55-35 win over France on Saturday . Rugby Football Union chief executive Ian Ritchie deems it unacceptable . But Ritchie maintains Stuart Lancaster's men can win the World Cup . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Last year’s Champions League finalists Atletico Madrid are still in the Champions League... just. After 120 exhausting minutes Diego Simeone’s side won on penalties with Fernando Torres scoring the home side’s last spot-kick and Stefan Kiessling missing his to put Atletico through. The dramatic climax began with Raul Garcia blazing the first kick over the bar. Substitute goalkeeper Jan Oblak saved Hakan Calhanoglu’s awful spot-kick hit low and straight down the middle to put the Spaniards back in with a chance of progress. Fernando Torres celebrates scoring his penalty which put Atletico Madrid into a crucial 3-2 lead during the shootout . Torres congratulates substitute goalkeeper Jan Oblak following the Slovenian's impressive performance . Leverkusen's goalkeeper Bernd Leno is unable to stop Torres' penalty, leaving the German side with a mountain to climb . Oblak jumps for the decisive penalty from Stefan Kiessling, but didn't need to make a save as the shot sailed over his crossbar . Atletico Madrid players sprint towards Oblak's goal after Kiessling misses his penalty and hands the home side victory . A dejected Kiessling walks back to the centre circle knowing his spot-kick miss had handed victory to the home side . Oblak and Atletico captain Koke console the distraught German as Leverkusen crash out of the Champions League . The Leverkusen players look on during the Champions League last 16 penalty shootout against Atletico Madrid . Atletico Madrid: Moya (Oblak 22'), Juanfran, Miranda, Gimenez, Jesus Gamez, Cani (Garcia 46'), Mario Suarez, Koke, Turan, Griezmann, Mandzukic (Torres 82') Subs not used: Jimenez, Gabi, Ansaldi, Lucas Hernandez . Booked: Gimenez, Gamez, Suarez, Torres . Goals: Suarez 27' Bayer Leverkusen: Leno, Hilbert, Toprak, Spahic, Wendell, Bellarabi, Castro, Bender (Papadopoulos 114'), Son (Rolfes 76'), Calhanoglu, Drmic (Kiessling 68') Subs not used: Kresic, Reinartz, Boenisch, Brandt . Booked: Spahic, Toprak, Calhanoglu, Papadopoulos, Wendell . Referee: Nicola Rizzoli (Bologna) Antoine Griezmann stepped up and showed everyone how penalties should be taken scoring high into the roof of the net. Simon Rolfes did likewise to level the scores and Mario Suarez scored his second goal of the night having put Atletico ahead in normal time. When Omer Toprak put his kick nervously over the bar Atletico looked to have the finish line in sight only for Bernd Leno to save Koke’s kick. Gonzalo Castro then scored but after Torres had snuck his penalty just inside Leno’s right hand upright Kiessling missed and the Calderon erupted with joy. Atletico came into the game one goal down from the first leg and struggled to make in-roads early on with a Koke free-kick not really testing Leno. Simone’s team knew one lapse on the break would need them leaving to score three and when Son Heugn-Min was put through by Bender on 22 minutes it was his miscontrol that prevented him getting a shot on target. As he came out to close down Son, Atletico Madrid goalkeeper Miguel Moya pulled a hamstring and had to be replaced by Oblak. Losing their keeper and having to use a substitute so early was a major set-back for Simeone but four minutes later he was running along the touchline as Atletico Madrid took the lead. Cani headed the ball down for Mario Suarez and his shot through the crowded penalty area caught and went past Leno to put the home side ahead on the night. With their next attack Atletico could have got the all-important second goal but a brilliant tackle from Wendell denied Mario Mandzukic. It was Arda’s pefect through ball that put the Croatian striker through but as he delayed his shot the Brazilian defender clean swept the ball away from him to safety. It was brilliant defending but would any of Atletico Madrid’s previous strikers – Sergio Aguero, Radamel Falcao, Diego Costa – have buried it before the defender could react? Probably yes. Turkish midfielder Arda Turan (right) was unable to watch the action during the penalty shootout . Diego Simeone was forced to make an early substitution following the injury for No 1 goalkeeper Miguel Angel Moya . Jose Gimenez (left) was shown a yellow card for this late challenge on Hakan Calhanoglu . Gimenez and his Atleti team-mates plead innocence as referee Nicola Rizzoli shows the defender a yellow card . Mario Suarez (left) strikes from the edge of the box to put Atleti into a 1-0 lead and level the aggregate scoreline to 1-1 against Leverkusen . Atletico: Raul Garcia - Misses . Leverkusen: Chalonoglu - Misses . Atletico: Griezmann - Scores . Leverkusen: Rolfes - Scores . Atletico: Suarez - Scores . Leverkusen: Toprak - Misses . Atletico: Koke - Misses . Leverkusen: Castro - Scores . Atletico: Torres - Scores . Leverkusen: Kiessling - Misses . FINAL SCORE: Atletico 3-2 Leverkusen . Battering ram Mandzukic perhaps has other qualities but he was battered himself just before half time and left the pitch limping at the break. Surprisingly when the two teams emerged for the second half he was still on the pitch and Simeone had taken off Cani and put on Raul Garcia. The midfield so nearly turned the ball past Leno from Koke’s cross in Atletico Madrid’s best chance of the second half. Koke had been inspirational throughout as Atletico took the game to Bayer. And as the clock showed 20 minutes of normal time left the crowd responded by cranking up the Vicente Calderon noise levels. It spurred the team on and Griezmann hurtled down the left and crossed for Turan who flicked the ball behind him where there was no runner to finish the move. Griezmann then crossed again for Turan and this time he got his shot away only for Leno to save. Raul Garcia went down in the area under a challenge from Toprak but the referee waved away appeals. Raul Garcia stayed down, Simone urged him to get up and turned to Atletico supporters once more to lift his team. Everyone in the Calderon got a lift with eight minutes left when Fernando Torres was roared on to the pitch to replace Mandzukic. Could El Nino win the game for them? VIDEO Simeone proud to again be in Europe's elite . Suarez's 27th-minute finish took a large deflection which Leverkusen goalkeeper Bernd Leno was unable to stop . The 28-year-old midfielder wheels away in celebration of his first half effort at the Vicente Calderon Stadium . Arda Turan makes the most of the celebrations as Suarez is congratulated by Atletico defender Miranda (right) The Atleti players smother Suarez in front of the home fans following the first goal of the game . Atletico boss Simeone sprints down the touchline after watching Suarez give the home side a first half lead . Real Madrid, Porto, Bayern Munich, Paris Saint-Germain, Monaco, Atletico Madrid . Wednesday: Barcelona (2) vs Man City (1); Borussia Dortmund (1) vs Juventus (2) With the match still on a knife-edge Calhanoglu upended Jesus Gamez and became the third Leverkusen player to be booked. Atletico Madrid had also picked up three yellow cards and there was no let-up as the clock ticked down. Wendal became the seventh player to be booked when he chopped down Torres as he charged down the right with a minute left. The free-kick came to nothing but Torres kept going and forced a corner but Koke’s near-post kick was cleared and the referee blew for full time. Stefan Kiessling was booked at the start of extra time – the German team’s fifth on the night – and they then had to take off the injured Lars Bender replacing him with Kyriakos Papadopoulos. Torres was still stretching the opposition and with Leverkusen on the back foot a stinging shot from Raul Garcia was pushed away for a corner by Leno but over the two legs the Germans had proved as good at defending them as Atletico Madrid at taking them. With five minutes to go Torres so nearly won it with a diving header from Koke’s cross. There was direction on the effort but not enough power to beat Leno. It didn’t matter, he scored his penalty and his dream of reaching another Champions League final - this time with his home town club - lives on. Fernando Torres (right) had to wait until the 82nd-minute before entering the action after replacing Mario Mandzukic . Torres looks on in disbelief after an opportunity goes begging during the closing stages of normal time . Griezmann (right) looks to get the better of Emir Spahic during the Champions League last 16 second leg . Mandzukic lies on the ground in pain following a late tackle from Brazilian defender Wendell . Bayern Munich boss Pep Guardiola (centre) was in attendance at the Vicente Calderon to oversee the European action . | Atletico Madrid earn Champions League quarter-final spot after penalty shootout victory against Bayer Leverkusen . After Raul Garcia blazed over the bar, substitute goalkeeper Jan Oblak saved Hakan Calhanoglu's woeful spot kick . Leverkusen's Stefan Kiessling missed the final penalty to hand Atleti victory . Fernando Torres scored Atletico's final penalty to put pressure on Kiessling . Mario Suarez had given Diego Simeone's side lead with deflected strike in the 27th-minute . |
Given the paragraph is Strip the most famous hotel in Las Vegas? | The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".
Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are on the Strip, known for its contemporary architecture, lights, and wide variety of attractions. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways. | The Strip is not a hotel in Las Vegas, but rather a 4.2-mile-long boulevard that is home to many of the city's largest hotels, casinos, and resort properties. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Professor David Nutt was sacked from his job as the UK Government's chief adviser on drugs after saying saying ecstasy and LSD were less harmful than alcohol . A British scientist trying to reveal what the human brain looks like on LSD is asking the public to fund his research after official channels refused. In the controversial study, 20 British volunteers will be the first in the world to have their brains scanned while high on LSD. Early results are said to be 'exciting' but the full findings must wait until funding can be found to complete the research. The research, being conducted at Cardiff University, is being led by the former drugs tsar David Nutt. Professor Nutt was sacked from his job as the Government's chief adviser on drugs in 2009 after saying saying ecstasy and LSD were less harmful than alcohol. At a briefing in London this week, he spoke out against restrictions on research on recreational drugs which he called 'the worst censorship in the history of science'. Having been turned down by 'classic funders', he is now campaigning to raise the £25,000 needed to carry out analysis of the brain scanning data from the science crowdfunding site Walacea.com. He compared current attitudes to studying recreational drugs with the Catholic church's clampdown on pioneering Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. 'The only comparable example is when the Catholic church banned the telescope in 1616,' said Professor Nutt, who is based at Imperial College London. 'We've banned research on psychedelic drugs and other drugs like cannabis for 50 years. 'Truly in terms of the amount of wasted opportunity, it's way greater than the banning of the telescope. This is a truly appalling level of censorship.' The LSD study involved giving the volunteers injections of a 75 microgram dose of LSD before probing the activity of their brains. Two kinds of scans were used, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (Meg), which measures small magnetic fields generated in the brain. None of the participants reported having a bad experience, but three described some anxiety and temporary paranoia. Dr Robin Carhart-Harris, also from the Imperial College team, said the dose of LSD given to the volunteers was a 'tiny speck'. But he added: 'The effects are quite profound. It would be described as a moderate dose, but a moderate dose of LSD can still produce a profound state of consciousness. In the controversial study, 20 British volunteers will be the first in the world to have their brains scanned while high on LSD . 'I wouldn't say that it's a dangerous experiment, but I would say that LSD has potential negative effects. 'Probably the crucial one is a bad trip. It's not uncommon for people to have anxiety during a psychedelic drug experience .. the experience can be nightmarish at times. 'What's especially intriguing.. is that people can have a very challenging experience yet afterwards they seem to be somehow psychologically refreshed by the experience. That's how they describe it.' He said there had been no evidence of psychedelic drugs such as LSD triggering psychosis in research studies, although there were anecdotal reports of this occurring through recreational use. Professor Nutt said LSD was widely studied in the 1950s and 1960s and shown to be therapeutically useful in treating 'many conditions', in particular alcoholism. Since it was made illegal in 1967 it had only been the subject of one clinical study in Switzerland and two neuroscience studies. 'That is an absurd amount of censorship,' Professor Nutt added. He stood by the claim that got him into trouble with the Government - that psychoactive drugs such as ecstasy and LSD were considerably less harmful than alcohol. 'Interesting drugs that we've been researching like MDNA (ecstasy) and LSD, are relatively low in terms of harms, considerably less even than cannabis and very much less than alcohol,' he said. 'But no research is done on them. 'The law is actually wrong. The law is supposed to be based on evidence of harm but isn't.' He maintained that the risks of taking LSD had been 'massively exaggerated' by the CIA and US Drug Enforcement Administration. Initial funding for the LSD study came from Imperial College and the Beckley Foundation, which promotes drug policy reform and research into the medical benefits of psychoactive substances. Professor Nutt said LSD (a molecule of the drug is pictured) was widely studied in the 1950s and 1960s and shown to be therapeutically useful in treating 'many conditions', in particular alcoholism . Professor Nutt said he approached the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust for the outstanding funding to no avail. 'The issue always comes 'well look, these are recreational drugs', and the recreational label is so powerful I think it scares people off,' he said. 'I personally think the neuroscience that's been uncovered by these drugs is revolutionary. 'This research is so important it should be funded to the tune of millions.' Dr Carhart-Harris said: 'This is the first LSD brain imaging study that's ever been conducted. 'We think it's essentially important to understand how these drugs that are widely used and seem to have this therapeutic potential work in the brain. Once we've done that, we want to look at how these drugs can be put to good use.' A previous brain scanning study was carried out by the same team on volunteers under the influence of the magic mushroom active ingredient psilocybin. It showed that the drug affected the brain's 'hub structure' and led to more connections between regions that are not normally linked. This, it is thought, may have a bearing on creative thinking. In May, the team is planning a study, funded by the Medical Research Council, looking at how psilocybin might be helpful in treating depression. | David Nutt was sacked from his post of the Government's chief adviser on drugs after saying saying ecstasy and LSD were less harmful than alcohol . Professor is now trying to reveal what the human brain looks like on LSD . But has been refused funding from official funding channels . Now trying to raise cash to finish the research through crowdfunding site . |
Given this paragraph about John C. Young, where did he go to college? | John Clarke Young (August 12, 1803 – June 23, 1857) was an American educator and pastor who was the fourth president of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. A graduate of Dickinson College and Princeton Theological Seminary, he entered the ministry in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1828. He accepted the presidency of Centre College in 1830, holding the position until his death in 1857, making him the longest-serving president in the college's history. He is regarded as one of the college's best presidents, as he increased the endowment of the college more than five-fold during his term, and increased the graduating class size from two students in his first year to forty-seven in his final year. | Dickinson College and Princeton Theological Seminary |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A young father who went missing with his baby son taunted police on Facebook yesterday - telling them to 'go look for some killers', as officers continue their search for the pair. Kieran Carroll, 22, of Luton, Bedfordshire, was reported missing at around midday on Tuesday along with his eight-month-old son Louis. Yesterday afternoon, police searching for Mr Carroll released CCTV footage showing him pushing a pram as he left a hotel in the town at about 2pm. He has not been seen since. Missing: CCTV footage released today by Bedfordshire Police (left) shows the last sighting of Kieran Carroll, 22, from Luton, who has gone missing with his eight-month-old son Louis (right, together) Taunt: This comment, posted in response to a police appeal, is believed to have come from one of three accounts belonging to Mr Carroll. Police said they are now trying to verify the message . In response: Detective Inspector Sean Quinn replied to the Facebook post this afternoon (as seen above) When the image was shared on Facebook by Bedfordshire Police yesterday afternoon, a profile understood to belong to Mr Carroll posted: 'I’m fine, so is my child - go look for some killers'. The force also published a photo of Louis on Facebook, along with new details on the search. The taunting response came from one of three accounts believed to belong to Mr Carroll, police said. Later last night, the same 'Kieran Carroll' profile commented again, saying, 'If any one is commenting and don't no me or what's really going on... stay out of my life you don't no me.' It is understood that Mr Carroll attended Bedford College, Bedfordshire, and lives with his girlfriend, Louis' mother, at a home in Luton. The 20-year-old woman is believed to have a three-year-old son from a previous relationship. Concerns: Bedfordshire Police also released this photograph of baby Louis, whom they are trying to trace . Police are now trying to verify the Facebook comments believed to have been posted by Mr Carroll. A spokesman added that police still want to see the baby and father in person to check they are safe. She said: 'We are looking into the message and we are urging him to get in touch with us directly and not just through Facebook. The baby's great-grandmother today appealed for Mr Carroll to bring Louis back home safely. Vivien Jakob-Grant, 65, told ITV Anglia: 'I would rather Louis be back home where he should be. I want him to be back home in one piece. 'I don't think his father would have hurt him because he doesn't look the kind of person who would do that - but I want him to be back home. 'I would just like him to take Louis back home where he should be.' 'We need to see him and more importantly we need to see the baby to know that they are both okay.' Detective Inspector Sean Quinn replied to the Facebook post this afternoon, saying: 'Kieran – Thank you for posting on our Facebook page. ‘We are pleased to hear that you and Louis are safe. It is not the role of the police to decide on child custody matters. ‘All we need to do is see you and Louis in person to check you are safe and well. Please call us on 101 so we can arrange to meet you. We cannot close this case until we see you.' Another commenter on the Facebook page, Chantelle Louise White, said: ‘You lot make out that he ant fine I know him for years and he won't do nuttin to he's son… He's looked after my son when he was the sane age! [sic]’ And Mr Carroll's sister, Alix Carroll, 24, said: 'My brother is an amazing father - he has his boy more than the mother does. 'He's scared he's going to lose him - it's no different to if it was the other way round. 'Never in a million years would he harm a hair on his body. He will be safe - I bet my life on it.' Search: Fears are growing because police say the disappearance of Mr Carroll (above) is ‘completely out of character’, and because they believe he does not have any supplies for the baby . Posting on Facebook, she added that she didn't know where her brother was, but that 'Louie is safe and there both okay [sic].' Earlier, police described the father’s disappearance as ‘completely out of character’ and said there are concerns because they believe Mr Carroll does not have any supplies for the baby. A close friend of Mr Carroll tonight claimed the father and Louis were ‘safe’. She said he was not planning to contact police 'yet' because he does not want to lose contact with Louis. The woman, who asked not to be named, said: ‘I just spoke to him on the phone and I heard his child giggling in the background. 'He is just trying to do the right thing but he has done it the wrong way. I have told him that. He is trying to take back his child from his mother. 'Kieran is doing the right thing by taking the child out of this situation and he is not going to the police just yet. I am trying to convince him but I can't force him to do it. 'He can't bear the fact that tomorrow he won't be able to see his child again because social services will get involved.’ Mr Quinn said: 'This type of disappearance is very out of character for Kieran and we are becoming increasingly concerned. 'We just want Kieran to contact us to let us know that him and Louis are safe. 'If you have seen Kieran, or have any information about where he and Louis may be, please contact us immediately.' Mr Carroll is described as a white man of medium build, with short brown hair. He is believed to be wearing black trousers, and a grey hooded top, a bobble hat, as seen in the CCTV image. He also has tattoos on his arms. The security image shows Mr Carroll pushing a pram, but police said he later disposed of the pram at a friend's house and left carrying his son in his arms. The baby boy is believed to be wearing a blue cardigan with a picture of a ship on it. Searches for the young father are concentrating on the local area around his home of Luton. Anyone who may have seen Mr Carroll and his son, or has any information on their whereabouts, is urged to contact Mr Quinn on 101. | Kieran Carroll, 22, was reported missing along with his baby son Louis . Eight-month-old thought to be wearing blue cardigan and top with ship on . Mr Carroll was last seen leaving a hotel in Luton, Bedfordshire, yesterday . Police shared CCTV footage of Mr Carroll and photo of Louis on Facebook . Account understood to belong to Mr Carroll posted taunting response . Police are trying to verify message and still want to see pair in person . Baby's great-grandmother asks father to bring Louis back home safely . Close friend of Mr Carroll claims father and Louis are 'safe' tonight . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Batsman Joe Root feels England need to make a convincing statement that they belong in the World Cup quarter-finals when they meet Bangladesh and Afghanistan in their final two group games. England must win both matches, against lower-ranked opponents, to have any chance of reaching the knockout stage. An early exit looms large after Sunday's nine-wicket defeat to Sri Lanka in Wellington followed wide-margin beatings by co-hosts Australia and New Zealand. Joe Root has insisted that England must succeed in securing convincing victories in their next two games . Root snicks a ball down fine leg during England's defeat by Sri Lanka in their previous World Cup match . That has piled the pressure on, albeit in two games Root points out that England would have needed to win in any circumstance. 'If you play those two games at the start of the competition you still have to win them,' Root said. 'The way our schedule is, we have these games towards the end. If it was broken up a bit more it might look slightly different. 'But it doesn't take away from the fact that we want to win these two games convincingly.' England's hastened need to restore confidence is underlined by the fact that should they reach the last-eight they will now most likely play the highest-ranked team in Pool B. That will almost certainly be either South Africa or world champions India, who England did beat twice during the Tri-Series leading up to the World Cup. 'We don't want to just scrape through - we want to put in some really good performances and put to bed some of the things we've got wrong so far,' Root added. England captain Eoin Morgan was left with plenty to ponder after suffering his third defeat of the World Cup . Sangakkar and team-mate Thirimanne shake hands with Morgan after Sri Lanka's nine-wicket wi . 'We know that if we get through to the quarter-finals we'll be in a position where we have nothing to lose. 'There will be sides coming up against us who could potentially be quite timid and think they should beat us and that could work in our favour. 'By the time you get to that stage it's crunch time and every side is under pressure; not just us. Hopefully we can get those wins and build some momentum.' Root believes the gap between England and the best teams at the World Cup is not as large as their heavy defeats would suggest. 'I don't think that's fair,' he said. 'Yes, we have been beaten heavily in those three games, but I don't think that we are that far away from beating those sides. 'If we get the best out of every individual and all play as well as we can then we are just as good as sides like that if not better. It's about making sure, for the next two games especially, that we turn up and do everything we possibly can to put those performances in. 'That's got to come from the individuals to make sure they front up. Not just the senior players; not just exciting young players coming into the side. From everyone.' Root hit a career-best 121 from 108 balls against Sri Lanka but England's bowlers couldn't match his exploits . Steven Finn and James Taylor show their disappointment after England's third loss of the tournament . Root stood up to be counted in the Sri Lanka defeat when the 24-year-old became England's young World Cup centurion. His career-best 121 from 108 balls inspired England to a formidable 309 for six - the second successive match they had passed 300 - only for the bowlers to lack any penetration as twin tons from Lahiru Thirimanne and Kumar Sangakkara eased Sri Lanka to victory in 16 balls. 'At the start of the day, if you'd given us 310 we'd have thought that a very good effort,' Root said. 'Whenever you get 310 on the board you are immediately putting sides under pressure to chase it. Unfortunately we didn't create that pressure with the ball and we didn't do anything to make it difficult for them from 10 overs onwards.' The ease of Sri Lanka's chase suggested England did not set their sights high enough and, while Root admitted more risks can be taken with the bat, they had left Sri Lanka with a record chase at the ground. 'There was no feeling turning up to the game that 270 was a par score,' he said. 'We got out there, we played it as we saw it, there were periods when Sri Lanka bowled really well at us. We got 310 which, on that wicket, I felt was a good score. 'In one-day cricket maybe we could have taken a few more risks, potentially we could have gone a bit earlier at them, be more aggressive earlier. But it's a fine balance. If you then lose two wickets - on that wicket, we'd done well to get to where we were. 'Unfortunately we couldn't quite create the pressure with the ball that they did. We weren't disciplined enough and we leaked too many boundaries.' | England have lost heavily to Australia, New Zealand and Sri Lanka . Joe Root says they have to impress against Bangladesh and Afghanistan . They must beat both to have chance of reaching World Cup quarter-finals . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A married father murdered a mother-of-two in her apartment before stealing her credit cards and using her car in a hit-and-run, police have said. Lyle Robert London, 38, has been arrested in the murder of Lindsay Brown Holbrook, a 32-year-old divorced mom he knew. She was found dead in her Washington Terrace, Utah home on Friday night. Sheriff's deputies had gone to the apartment after her car was involved in a hit-and-run, but when she failed to answer her door, they entered the home and found her desecrated body inside. She had suffered an apparent trauma but the cause of her death remains under investigation. Her body could have been there for a few days, Fox13 reported. Murdered: Lindsay Brown Holbrook, 32, was allegedly murdered by Lyle Robert London, right, inside her Utah apartment. Her body was found as police investigated a hit-and-run involving her vehicle . Tragic: Holbrook, who was divorced and lives alone, leaves behind her young daughter and son (pictured) Through evidence found in her car and witness accounts, police determined that London had been behind the wheel at the scene of the crash earlier that evening. Authorities say he knew his alleged victim, but would not detail how - only calling them 'associates'. Arrested: London's wife Shuree, 35, has also been arrested on suspicion of obstruction of justice . 'It is believed that he murdered her in her apartment and then tried to conceal the crime,' Weber County Sheriff's Lt. Lane Findlay said in a press release. Although police have not released a motive for the killing, after murdering the woman, London then took her financial cards and completed several fraudulent transactions, Findlay added. He was then involved in the hit-and-run accident near 3000 Washington Boulevard, police believe. A neighbor added to Fox13 that they had seen London going in and out of Holbrook's home in the days before her body was found. London was arrested at his Ogden home on suspicion of aggravated murder, obstruction of justice, abuse and desecration of a human body, and unlawful possession and use of a financial card. His wife, 35-year-old Shuree Laness London, was also arrested at a nearby hotel on suspicion of obstruction of justice. She allegedly 'had knowledge of this crime and assisted Mr. London after the fact,' Findlay said in the press release. Both are being held in the Weber County jail. Their Facebook profiles show they have been married for 13 years and have several children together - but Mrs London wrote on February 20 that they were having marital problems. 'I can honestly say we are going through a VERY VERY DIFFICULT time right now,' she wrote on her husband's profile. Family: The couple, pictured with their children, have numerous arrests between them, court records show . Shortly afterwards, she posted a message reading, 'A real relationship is where you can tell each other everything & anything. No secrets, no lies,' adding: 'I worked so hard for nothing.' Court records show that Lyle London has pleaded guilty to several misdemeanor charges since 1999, including possession of drug paraphernalia, intoxication, simple assault, criminal mischief, theft and various traffic violations, the Deseret News reported. His wife pleaded guilty to theft in 2010, as well as several traffic violations. In light of the most recent charges, their friend John Cleveland told Fox13: 'Knowing him and knowing his background that would not surprise me at all.' He added that he had heard London mention Holbrook's name. Facebook shows Holbrook was a mother to two young children, a boy and a girl. Fox13 reported that she was divorced from her husband and that it did not appear the children lived with her. Scene: Her body was found in her first-floor apartment, left, by sheriff's deputies just before midnight on Friday. Authorities have said she apparently suffered trauma but have not yet said how she died . Her family released a statement through the sheriff's office on Sunday afternoon. 'Lindsay was a loving mother, amazing aunt, wonderful sister, and she had an incredible sense of humor,' it said. 'She is loved by a lot of people and will be greatly missed.' An obituary shows that Holbrook's family also lost her younger brother, 27-year-old Nathan Brown, in January 2014. She leaves behind four other siblings. The family has asked for privacy as they grieve and make preparations for her funeral. 'Our hearts, thoughts and prayers go out to them,' the sheriff's office said. See below for video . | Lindsay Brown Holbrook's body was found inside her Utah apartment on Friday evening after her car was involved in a hit-and-run accident . Police determined Lyle London, 38, had been behind the wheel at the time . London, a married father with a lengthy rap sheet, 'killed Holbrook, stole her credit cards, used them for fraudulent payments and took her car' His wife Shuree 'knew about the crime and assisted him afterwards' Police have not said how London knew Holbrook, only calling them 'associates', or why he allegedly murdered her . |
How far is the village from Warsaw? | Żabia Wola [ˈʐabja ˈvɔla] is a village in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żabia Wola. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 530. | The village lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Warsaw. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother has helped her own son become a father - by carrying his child as a surrogate. In a procedure believed to be a world first, a fertility clinic arranged the woman’s pregnancy using a donor egg and her son’s sperm. She offered to have the baby – with her husband’s consent – after plans by their son to have an IVF child with another female relative collapsed. The High Court (pictured) heard how a fertility clinic arranged the woman’s pregnancy using a donor egg and her son’s sperm . The extraordinary arrangement emerged when a High Court judge ruled that the son can now adopt the baby boy and become his legal father – even though in the eyes of the law he is also the infant’s brother. However, the move was met with howls of protest by critics, who described the procedure as ‘dubious’ and called for urgent reforms to prevent abuses of fertility law. Mrs Justice Theis, who did not identify the family, the clinic or the local authority in the area where they live, said: ‘The arrangement the parties entered into is not one, as far as I am aware, that either this court or the clinic have previously encountered and although highly unusual is entirely lawful under the relevant statutory provisions.’ The father, who is in his mid-20s and lives alone, has wanted to be a parent ‘for some considerable time’ but waited until he had a settled job and home so he could provide ‘the care a child would need’. Mrs Justice Theis (pictured) did not identify the family, the clinic or the local authority in the area where they live . The judge said he discussed the issue openly with family and close friends and arranged for another relative to act as surrogate mother, but the woman dropped out because of a medical condition. At that stage, Mrs Justice Theis said, the man’s mother discussed with her husband the possibility of stepping in to help. The family attended a series of counselling sessions and discussions with the clinic, which is licensed by regulator the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). The plans, described by the centre’s medical director as unique, were then given the go-head after ‘careful consideration’. The baby, now seven months old, was born at full term and now lives with his father. However the judge warned others not to embark on surrogacy deals without ‘comprehensive legal advice’ because the process is a ‘legal minefield’. Mrs Justice Theis said that under the 2008 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, which governs surrogacy arrangements, the woman who carried the child is the legal mother. Her husband is the legal father because he consented to the pregnancy. Rules stipulate that a surrogate mother must hand over a child to two parents – usually a couple ‘in an enduring family relationship’. Under the law, it would be a crime to hand over the baby to the biological father alone. But the judge argued that the adoption would not break laws because the baby and its father are legally related already as brothers. Social workers backed the adoption, saying it would ‘strengthen the bond’ the father and child already share’. A report described how the baby ‘clearly has formulated a secure attachment to the father’, adding: ‘The father understands that the child will need to know about how he was conceived and feels that he will utilise the security of the family structure to support his son in understanding that he is a very much wanted child.’ Another report said the mother and her husband regard the child as their grandson, adding that the family want the child to know about the circumstances surrounding his birth. Mrs Justice Theis said the closeness of the family was a ‘critical feature’ of the case. The woman offered to have the baby – with her husband’s consent – after plans by their son to have an IVF child with another female relative collapsed (file picture) ‘The strength of these familial relationships, and the consequent support they provide now and in the future, will ensure the child’s lifelong needs are met,’ she added. But last night critics said the law should never permit such an arrangement. Author and broadcaster on family issues Jill Kirby said: ‘The ethics in this case are very dubious indeed. If the HFEA considers this to be a legal procedure, there is an urgent need to look at the law again.’ Patricia Morgan, a leading researcher on family policy, said: ‘This child will have so much confusion in its background. ‘The evidence suggests that the further we move away from two biological parents, the less good that is for the child.’ Robert Flello, Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent South, said: ‘This case throws up many concerns and worries. My greatest concern in all of this is the potential emotional damage to the child in years to come, as he tries to work out family relationships that most of us can take for granted.’ The job of the HFEA, established in 1991, is to licence and monitor clinics and embryo research, and provide the public with impartial information about both. Its chairman since last year is former accountant Sally Cheshire. | Mother helped her son become a father by carrying his child as a surrogate . Clinic arranged the woman's pregnancy using donor egg and son's sperm . Offered to have baby after her son's plans for IVF child with another female relative collapsed . The procedure, revealed in the High Court, is believed to be a world first . Judge rules the son can adopt the baby boy and become his legal father . But critics have called for urgent reforms to prevent abuses of fertility law . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A driver had his supercar confiscated by police because he could not bear to screw a numberplate into its bodywork. Tsao He refused, saying the order by officers in Taiwan would spoil the bodywork of his £270,000 McLaren. The MP4-12C, which does 0-60mph in just 3.1 seconds, was seized when police saw it parked in a street bay without its front plate. A man in Taiwan refused to fit a front number plate to his McLaren MP4-12C (file picture) as he felt it would the spoil the supercar's bodywork . Mr He, 37, said: 'The car looks so perfect, I just couldn't bear to put holes in that beautiful body for something as ugly as a registration plate. 'I told them it was registered and I showed them the plate, which I keep under my seat. I couldn't believe it when they towed it away.' Police in Taichung also gave him a £230 ticket for overstaying in the bay while they waited for a tow truck. Mr He can apply for the car's return after he fits a plate but faces a fine to cover the cost of towing it away. A police spokesman said: 'The car failed to display the proper documentation and has been confiscated.' He added: 'When the owner is ready to obey the law and fit a registration plate he can apply for the return of his car but he will face a fine appropriate to the cost of towing the vehicle.' | Driver has car confiscated as he did not want to screw in a numberplate . Tsao He, 37, did not want to spoil the bodywork of his McLaren MP4-12C . Supercar was seized by police officers in Taiwan for having no front plate . Was also given £230 fine for overstaying ticket while waiting for a tow truck . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | For Danny Cipriani and Billy Twelvetrees, this must have felt like a monumental comedown, eight days after they had participated in one of the great occasions at Twickenham. At least Cipriani had a win to savour, although the Sale fly-half finished Sunday's game in the sin-bin. For Gloucester captain Twelvetrees, it was a miserable result on a miserable day in Salford. Danny Cipriani kicked five out of five to help Sale Sharks to a comfortable victory over Gloucester . Both men had come off the bench as England thrashed France in the Six Nations finale only to miss out on the title again, but there was no residual goodwill as they clashed three minutes from time at the AJ Bell Stadium, before Cipriani was yellow-carded for a deliberate knock-on. Compared to a last day of the championship that was awash with audacious artistry, this was an alien form of rugby. It was wet and windy and chilly and Sale were more pragmatic and clinical in the difficult conditions. Gloucester had been in Tenerife for a week of warm-weather training, which wasn't ideal preparation for an arm-wrestle contest in the North West. After enjoying the sun, David Humphreys' side caught a cold and yet another defeat in this fixture has left Gloucester stuck in ninth place in the Aviva Premiership table. They continue to punch below their weight. The first half was grim fare. James Hook struck two penalties for the visitors but Sale snatched a try in the 22nd minute when Samoa centre Johnny Leota managed to ground the ball against the base of a post after Andrei Ostrikov had been held up short. Cipriani converted that and added three penalties either side of the break to put his team in control. As impressive as his kicking was Cipriani (centre) was all over the pitch and proved defensively solid . Just before the hour, the hosts claimed a second try and it was a gem. From a rolling maul on the right, the impressive Chris Cusiter broke infield and released Tom Arscott. The wing burst into the 22 and was tackled but from the ruck Cipriani's clever delayed pass sent lock Josh Beaumont over the line from close range. Cipriani added the conversion and Sale stood firm, despite Nathan Hines and Cipriani going to the bin, to ensure Mark Cueto celebrated his 300th game for the club with a win. Gloucester had plenty of attacking possession but not enough nous and precision. Brendan Macken failed to release Charlie Sharples for a clear run to the line and moments later, when the wing received a pass in space from Jonny May, he was scythed down well by Leota. Josh Beaumont crosses the line to score the final try for Sale and put them game beyond Gloucester . Sale's director of rugby Steve Diamond was satisfied but does not believe that his side — currently seventh — are equipped to push for a play-off place despite a favourable run-in. 'We're a good side here,' he said. 'The one area that we didn't have dominance was the scrum. In every other area we were in control of it. I'm really pleased. 'Our first goal is to qualify for the Champions Cup and to do that we have to finish sixth. I think we're probably a bit away from the top four. We can't compete with the super teams. On our day we can beat anyone here but we've got two difficult games away from home.' Humphreys defended Gloucester's preparations, saying: 'We had a very positive training week but we couldn't translate that into a performance today. We've been back for 48 hours to acclimatise again and we had a good training session yesterday in similar weather conditions to this.' Tom Arscott slips the tackle of Elliott Stooke of Gloucester during the Aviva Premiership rugby match . | Danny Cipriani kicked a 100 per cent record against Gloucester . The fly half helped Sale to a comfortable win in the Aviva Premiership . Johnny Leota and Josh Beaumont scored the tries for the Sharks . Click here for all the latest rugby union news . |
Given a reference text about Bully, tell me when it premiered and what it was about. | Bully (alternatively titled Bully: The Musical) is a 2017 musical featurette written and directed by Aaron Alon and produced by Thunderclap Productions. Bully is a dramatic musical about Sam Bradley, a young man who kills himself after being repeatedly bullied in school because others suspect he is gay. The story follows Sam in the days leading up to his death and the lives of those around him in the days following his suicide.
Bully premiered in the United States on September 24, 2017, at Alamo Drafthouse – Mason Park in Houston, Texas. The film had its film festival premiere in the 2018 Rainier Independent Film Festival in Ashford, Washington, on May 20, 2018. | Bully premiered on September 24, 2017 and was about a young man who commits suicide after being bullied in school because others thought he was gay. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Turf Moor will be the scene for NBC's first on-location live coverage of the Premier League, as the TV giants prepare for an action-packed weekend of football - starting at relegation-threatened Burnley. The Clarets host Champions League chasing Arsenal on April 11, then the broadcasters will travel south to present a crucial Manchester derby at Old Trafford before finishing off at St.James' Park to watch Newcastle take on Liverpool and complete 18 hours of football. Host Rebecca Lowe and pundits Robbie Earle, Kyle Martino and Robbie Mustoe will also be joined by their UK-based team of Arlo White, Lee Dixon, Graeme Le Saux and Steve Bower for a weekend of live Premier League action. Sean Dyche will be hoping his side can upset the Gunners in front of the NBC panel and pundits . The studio team are to begin their show at Turf Moor and will be on screen for a total of eight hours including before, during and after the Gunners clash. Former Burnley defender Dixon will also treat the viewers to a tour of the 132-year-old stadium and will outline changes made by the club since he left in the late 1980s. It could add for special viewing if the Clarets manage to upset Arsenal like they did Manchester City and give their survival chances a major boost heading into the final stretch of the season. Danny Ings (left) and Alexis Sanchez will be the two danger men in action for the both clubs . Match of the Day front-man Gary Lineker will also play a part in the weekend takeover and will contribute to parts of the on-site coverage and lend his punditry expertise to the team. Pierre Moossa, coordinating producer of NBC Sports Group's Premier League coverage, is excited about the development and looks forward to bringing the games closer to their viewers. He said: 'One of our core principles has been to bridge the trans-Atlantic gap, and with our entire team on-site both in-stadium and pitch-side, we will be able to bring our audience closer to the action than ever before.' Wayne Rooney and his Manchester United team-mate will want to earn the bragging rights of the derby . The Manchester derby will add some spice to the chosen games, with both sides in the top four but desperate for victory for different reasons. Manchester City are slowly losing ground on Chelsea in the race for the title and are in a position now where can't afford to slip-up. While rivals Manchester United are stuck in a battle for the Champions League places with Liverpool. If United are beaten at home, then it will make Monday's game at St.James' Park a little bit more interesting. Hapless Newcastle are all but safe from relegation and have nothing to play for but Brendan Rodgers' side will be going for jugular if Louis van Gaal's side give them an opportunity to close the gap. Brendan Rodgers still has faith his Liverpool side can finish in the top four and ahead of rivals United . | Burnley welcome NBC as they plan to broadcast three Premier League games in as many days over the weekend of April 11 . The Manchester derby and Newcastle playing host to Liverpool make up the other two games chosen for the 18 hours of live football . Gary Lineker will play a part in the coverage, as will former players Lee Dixon, Robbie Earle and Graeme Le Saux . Click here for all the latest Burnley news . |
Who is Steven Spielberg? | Steven Allan Spielberg KBE (/ˈspiːlbɜːrɡ/; born December 18, 1946) is an American film director, writer and producer. A major figure of the New Hollywood era and pioneer of the modern blockbuster, he is the most commercially successful director of all time. He is the recipient of various accolades, including three Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, and four Directors Guild of America Awards, as well as the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1995, the Kennedy Center Honor in 2006, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2009 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". | Steven Spielberg is a celebrated American film director, writer and producer. |
What is Schalke 04 famous for? | Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Schalke 04 (German: [ɛf tseː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), Schalke 04 (German: [ˌʃalkə nʊl ˈfiːɐ̯] (listen)), or abbreviated as S04 (German: [ˈɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯] (listen)), is a professional German football and multi-sports club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The "04" in the club's name derives from its formation in 1904. Schalke have been one of the most popular professional football teams in Germany, even though the club's heyday was in the 1930s and 1940s. Schalke have played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, since 2022, following promotion from the 2. Bundesliga in 2021–22. As of 2022, the club has 160,000 members, making it the second-largest football club in Germany and the fourth-largest club in the world in terms of membership. Other activities offered by the club include athletics, basketball, handball, table tennis, winter sports and eSports. | FC Schalke 04 (full name Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V. ) is a German football and multi-sports club that was founded in 1904 in Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club won seven times the German Championship, five times the German Cup / DFB-Pokal and 1997 the UEFA-CUP, when it beat Inter Milan in the finals. The club receives from football fans all over the world renown for its youth academy, which constantly develops famous players. Benedikt Höwedes, Manuel Neuer and Mesut Özil, who won the World Cup with Germany in 2014, were formed in the Schalke 04 youth academy. Since 2011 the youth academy is called Knappenschmiede in reference to the mining industry that was very strong in the past in the area of Western Germany. A Knappe is a miner after completion of his apprenticeship. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Police have launched an investigation after a man walked into a police station claiming to be carrying a severed human penis. The man walked into Toukley Police Station on the Central Coast of NSW on Thursday morning, carrying a plastic bag which he said contained a male sex organ. Police have since sent the bag, which contains some form of tissue matter, to a nearby hospital to be forensically examined, reports Daily Telegraph. Police have confirmed a man attended Toukley Police Station on Thursday morning, claiming to be carrying a bag with a severed human penis . A NSW Police spokesperson confirmed to Daily Mail Australia the man attended the police station at about 11.15am on Thursday and gave officers an 'unidentified item' 'We can't give much detail at the moment, but the item has been sent off to John Hunter Hospital where it is being forensically examined,' the spokesperson said. Another police spokesperson told the Telegraph 'police called the ambulance service who inspected the contents and agreed it appeared to be some form of tissue matter that could be a penis' They said police will first confirm the tissue is human then the investigation will expand from there. NSW Ambulances confirmed that to Daily Mail Australia that paramedics were called to Toukley Police Station about 11.30am on Thursday to investigate the incident, but said they did not attend the scene. The incident took place at 11.15am on Thursday morning at Toukley, located on the NSW Central Coast . NSW Ambulances were called but police said the 'unidentified item' was sent off to John Hunter Hospital to be forensically tested . | The man arrived at Toukley Police Station at 11.15am on Thursday morning . He claimed to be carrying a plastic bag containing a severed human penis . NSW Police have confirmed the bag contained some form of 'tissue matter' They have sent the'unidentified item' to a hospital for forensic testing . |
Please extract a list from this paragraph of the brain regions impacted by alcohol-related dementia and separate them using commas. | Alcohol-related dementia, also called alcohol-related brain damage, occurs as a result of excessive use of alcohol particularly as a substance abuse disorder. Different factors can be involved in this development including thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability. A degree of brain damage is seen in more than 70% of those with alcohol use disorder. Brain regions affected are similar to those that are affected by aging, and also by Alzheimer's disease. Regions showing loss of volume include the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, as well as the cerebellum, thalamus, and hippocampus. This loss can be more notable, with greater cognitive impairments seen in those aged 65 years and older. | frontal, temporal, parietal, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | South Africa international Jacques Potgieter has been fined for making homophobic comments during a Super Rugby game in Australia. The Australian Rugby Union announced they had imposed a 20,000 Australian dollars (£10,450) fine, with 10,000 dollars suspended, on flanker Potgieter following an incident in Sunday's clash between the Waratahs and Brumbies in Sydney. The ARU said that Waratahs forward Potgieter admitted making comments 'contrary to the Australian Rugby Union's inclusion policy', which is designed to stamp out all forms of discrimination and homophobia in rugby. Jacques Potgieter has been fined for homophobic comments during a Super Rugby game in Australia . Potgieter is tackled during the Super Rugby match between the Waratahs and the Brumbies . Potgieter's penalty relates to a breach of the ARU code of conduct, which prohibits homophobic or racist comments. ARU chief executive Bill Pulver said: 'We take the issue of homophobia in sport seriously and want to provide a positive environment for everyone involved in rugby. Comments of this nature cannot be tolerated. 'Our inclusion policy reinforces Australian Rugby's commitment to ensure every individual - whether they are players, supporters, coaches or administrators - feel safe, welcome and included, regardless of race, gender or sexuality. 'I would like to stress again that there is absolutely no place for homophobia or any form of discrimination in our game, and our actions and words on and off the field must reflect that.' The ARU said that 28-year-old Potgieter will be required to undergo additional educational and awareness training. Potgieter was fined following an incident in Sunday's clash between the Waratahs and Brumbies in Sydney . | Jacques Potgieter made the comments on Sunday in Sydney, Australia . The Australian Rugby Union announced they had imposed a 20,000 Australian dollars (£10,450) fine, with 10,000 dollars suspended . The South Africa international admitted making comments 'contrary to the Australian Rugby Union's inclusion policy' |
Given the following paragraph about Latin Text, what does "Dona nobis pacem" mean in English? | "Dona nobis pacem" (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈdona ˈnobis ˈpatʃem], "Give us peace") is a round for three parts to a short Latin text from the Agnus Dei. The melody has been passed orally. The round is part of many hymnals and songbooks. Beyond use at church, the round has been popular for secular quests for peace, such as the reunification of Germany. | "Give us peace" |
How many people are needed to perform the Turing test? | The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation was a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel, such as a computer keyboard and screen, so the result would not depend on the machine's ability to render words as speech. If the evaluator could not reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine would be said to have passed the test. The test results would not depend on the machine's ability to give correct answers to questions, only on how closely its answers resembled those a human would give. | You need two people: one person is the conversation partner to the machine. And another, the evaluator which observes the conversation from distance unaware which side is the machine and which side is human. |
What is a Moluccan hanging parrot? | The Moluccan hanging parrot (Loriculus amabilis) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to forest and nearby habitats on Halmahera, Bacan and Morotai in Indonesia. It has sometimes included the Sula hanging parrot as a subspecies, but the two are increasingly treated as separate species based on their distinct differences in plumage and size (11 cm for the Moluccan hanging parrot versus 14 cm for the Sula hanging parrot). | The Moluccan hanging parrot is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to forest and nearby habitats on Halmahera, Bacan and Morotai in Indonesia. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)An employee at the Tulane National Primate Research Center near New Orleans has tested positive for a potentially deadly strain of bacteria kept at the facility. The employee is not sick, and Jason McDonald, a spokesman for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the bacteria are not likely to be a threat to the general population. The worker tested positive to exposure of Burkholderia pseudomallei, which can cause can cause melioidosis, or Whitmore's disease. "It is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia and northern Australia where it is widespread," according to the CDC website. The CDC is waiting on additional test results to determine if the exposure occurred at the research center or somewhere else, McDonald said. The CDC and U.S. Department of Agriculture are at the campus, continuing an investigation that began in November when two monkeys were diagnosed with Whitmore's disease. Six others have antibodies indicating exposure to the bacterium. Since then federal health officials have been working with state and local officials to investigate the source. Blood tests have been conducted on nearly 70 primates at the center, with one testing positive for antibodies, McDonald said. According to the CDC, "the bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil. It is spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source." | The CDC says bacteria are not likely to be a threat to the general population . Burkholderia pseudomallei can cause can cause melioidosis, or Whitmore's disease . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | They are proud new moms. DailyMail has learned that Sara Gilbert welcomed a son with wife Linda Perry on Saturday. The 40-year-old The Talk host and the 49-year-old rocker named their child Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry, according to a rep. 'Both mother and child are doing well,' it was added by a spokesperson for Gilbert. Scroll down for video . Proud new parents: DailyMail has learned Sara Gilbert welcomed a son with wife Linda Perry on Saturday. The 40-year-old The Talk host and the 49-year-old rocker named their child Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry, according to a rep; here they are pictured on February 21 in LA . First look: Sharon Osbourne shared a photo of Rhodes on The Talk on Monday and said, 'I know, divine!' The name Rhodes derives from the Old English 'rod,' meaning 'a clearing in the woods.' One of the most famous Rhodes is Cecil J. Rhodes, who established The Rhodes Scholarships, the oldest and most celebrated international fellowship awards in the world. Shortly after the announcement Sara's Talk co-star Julie Chen said, 'Our very own Sara and her wife Linda Perry are the proud parents of a new baby boy. Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry was born on Saturday and both mother and child are doing well.' Sharon Osbourne shared the first baby photo on The Talk Monday. 'I know, divine!' the 62-year-old said as she held up a color photo of Rhodes in a hat and blankie while on what appears to be her mother's chest. In love with Linda: Gilbert - born Abeles - and the Grammy nominee will celebrate their first wedding anniversary on March 30 . Happy for her: The Talk creator and her colleagues Sheryl Underwood, Sharon Osbourne, Aisha Taylor, and Julie Chen co-host the morning programme; on Monday they showed a first photo of the baby . Bumping along: The pregnant star covered up her growing belly in a grey cardigan sweater in late February . Sara announced she was expecting a third child in September. On February 21 Gilbert's baby bump looked like it was coming along nicely as she was spotted out and about in Los Angeles. The actress was joined by Perry as the couple spent an afternoon of shopping together. Sara enjoyed a warm beverage on the overcast day in Southern California as she walked alongside the 4 Non Blondes member. The star - who publicly came out as lesbian in 2010 - was dressed casual chic for the outing as she covered up her belly in a grey cardigan sweater over a black top. Sara also has two children - son Levi, 10, and daughter Sawyer, 7 - with her ex-partner of a decade, Supergirl producer Ali Adler. 'Oh God I love her!': The Imperfect Environmentalist author and the 4 Non Blondes frontwoman have not disclosed the identity of their sperm donor . Gilbert - born Abeles - and the 49-year-old Grammy nominee will celebrate their first wedding anniversary on March 30. The Imperfect Environmentalist author and the musician have not disclosed the identity of their sperm donor. The Talk creator and her colleagues Sheryl Underwood, Sharon Osbourne, Aisha Taylor, and Julie Chen co-host the morning programme, as they celebrated with a baby shower for Sara earlier this month. The programme airs weekdays on CBS. | The baby arrived on Saturday to married parents Sara and Linda . They named their son, a first for the couple, Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry . Sharon Osbourne shared a photo of the child on The Talk Monday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mauricio Pochettino came out to watch the England squad put through their paces at the Spurs training base. Roy Hodgson's squad were all present for their final session before Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania at Wembley. They included Tottenham's 21-year-old sensation Harry Kane, in the squad for the first time and set for a debut against Lithuania or Italy. Harry Kane strikes a ball during England final session before the Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania . Roy Hodgson had a full England squad available, including captain Wayne Rooney, on Thursday . Rooney and his team-mates look in relaxed mood as they head out to training . Kane and Tottenham team-mate Ryan Mason (right) are among a strong Spurs contingent in the squad . Kane trained in a group with captain Wayne Rooney. Others Spurs players in the England squad are Andros Townsend, Kyle Walker and Ryan Mason. Danny Rose was forced to pull out on Wednesday because of hip and hamstring problems. Rose had been carrying the injury but was keen to represent his country. He tried to train but found it uncomfortable and a decision was made that he should return to his club. Pochettino waited until the cameras had left the training session before he strolled out to watch. Rooney looks relaxed alongside Leighton Baines (second right) ahead of England's game against Lithuania . Rooney makes a gesture alongside Leighton Baines ahead of England's game against Lithuania on Friday . Liverpool star Raheem Sterling fixes his eyes firmly on the ball as he looks to continue his fine form . Kane chases possible strike partner Rooney ahead of the Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania . England coach Gary Neville gives out instructions to the squad on Thursday morning . It presents the perfect opportunity for the Spurs boss to discuss with Hodgson the best plan for Kane at the end of the season. Kane will join Tottenham for a friendly game in Australia and there are plans unfolding for a second match possibly in Malaysia. Pochettino would also like home to enjoy a month without competitive football but England would like him to play in the European U21 Championships in the Czech Republic. Goalkeeper Joe Hart will be backed up by Jack Butland (left) and Rob Green (centre) at Wembley . Michael Carrick and Danny Welbeck strike a ball during an England training session on Thursday . | England squad in final training session ahead of Euro 2016 qualifier . Roy Hodgson's side entertain Lithuania at Wembley on Friday . Mauricio Pochettino came out to watch at Spurs training base . Harry Kane, Ryan Mason, Andros Townsend and Kyle Walker train . Wayne Rooney will lead team out against Lithuania . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Cameron has vowed to build 200,000 homes for first-time buyers . More than 30,000 people have registered for cheap 'starter homes' - less than 48 hours after a new scheme was officially launched. David Cameron today announced plans to build 200,000 new homes which will be sold 20 per cent cheaper than the going rate for under 40s who haven't yet bought their own home. Since a website promoting the scheme was officially launched on Saturday there has been a 'stampede' of first-time buyers showing an interest, Downing Street said. The revelation comes after Mr Cameron promised to make cheap new homes for first time buyers the centre-piece of the Tory Party's house-building strategy after the election. He announced that a Conservative Government would build double the number of subsidised starter homes to give 'more young people the security of owning a home'. The homes will be sold below market rate and won't be 'snapped up by buy-to-let landlords', Mr Cameron said. He promised the homes will be 'decent, well-built, homes – places to start and raise a family'. The House Builder's Federation, which runs the Starter Homes website, confirmed that almost 31,000 people have registered to receive information on starter homes being built in their area. The federation's Steve Turner said the stampede of interest in the last 48 hours revealed the pent-up demand for first homes. He said: 'The volume of registrations clearly demonstrates the need for schemes to assist people to buy their own homes.' He added: 'In recent years it's been very difficult, particularly for first-time buyers, to realise their ambitions of home ownership. Government schemes to help them do so are clearly welcome.' David Cameron today promised to make cheap new homes for first time buyers the centre-piece of the Tory Party's house-building strategy after the election . The Prime Minister's pledge to build 200,000 new properties for first-time was one of five election promises to help home owners. He said the Tories would keep mortgage rates low, build more homes, extend the controversial help-to-buy scheme and encourage more people to buy their own council house. Local councils will also be given more power to stop unpopular developments, Mr Cameron said. The PM said: 'There is a particular kind of security that comes with owning your own home [but] too many people have been denied that security. 'The young people in their 20s and 30s still living with their parents, desperately saving for their own place. 'The couple who want a child but can't afford to upsize – even though they both have full-on, full-time jobs. It shouldn't be this way. 'Our goal is a Britain where everyone who works hard can have a home of their own.' Ed Miliband has promised to build 200,000 homes a year by 2020 - up from around 140,000 this year . But Labour leader Ed Miliband, speaking at a People's Question Time in Hove today, said: 'David Cameron's plan on housing has failed Britain and failed families. 'Under this government we are building fewer homes than at any time since the 1920s and record high numbers of families are being forced to rent. 'For far too many people the dream of home ownership is disappearing into the distance. 'Labour has a better plan to build hundreds of thousands of new homes, ensure that local first time buyers are given priority and get a fairer deal for millions of families that rent.' | David Cameron today announced plans to build 200,000 'starter homes' Properties will be sold 20% below going rate to first time buyers under 40 . A 'stampede' of first time buyers have registered an interest in the homes . New government-backed website promoting scheme launched on Saturday . Labour say Cameron is presiding over lowest house building in 100 years . |
Based on this paragraph when was the last time we sent them to space? | Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive after exposure to outer space. In September 2007, dehydrated tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission carrying the BIOPAN astrobiology payload. For 10 days, groups of tardigrades, some of them previously dehydrated, some of them not, were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space, or vacuum and solar UV radiation. Back on Earth, more than 68% of the subjects protected from solar UV radiation were reanimated within 30 minutes following rehydration, although subsequent mortality was high; many of these produced viable embryos. In contrast, hydrated samples exposed to the combined effect of vacuum and full solar UV radiation had significantly reduced survival, with only three subjects of Milnesium tardigradum surviving. Also, it was found that the space vacuum did not have a significant effect on egg-laying in either R. coronifer or M. tardigradum. However, M. tardigradum exposed to UV radiation had a lower egg laying rate. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, and stated that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research." In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the U.S.-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed. In August 2019, scientists reported that a capsule containing tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state may have survived for a while on the Moon after the April 2019 crash landing of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander, but in May 2021 it was reported that they were unlikely to have survived the impact. | The last record of us sending Tardigrades into space was in April 2019, which had an unfortunate ending after the lunar lander, the Beresheet, failed and crash-landed on the moon. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Adnan Januzaj must have hoped that between Angel di Maria being sent off and Antonio Valencia's poor defending, eyes would be off him for Manchester United - but his blatant dive at Old Trafford was clear to see for everyone, including the referee. The United youngster now has five yellow cards for diving compared to four goals, and added to the embarrassment for Louis van Gaal's side in their FA Cup defeat by Arsenal with his blatant simulation attempt in the 87th minute on Monday night as the 10-man home side chased the lead. Making it into the penalty area ahead of Nacho Monreal, the Belgian went to ground in search of a late penalty but instead the only reaction Michael Oliver gave him was to dish out a yellow card. Adnan Januzaj breaks into the penalty area in the 87th minute of the FA Cup quarter-final at Old Trafford . The Belgian midfielder was being closely tracked by Nacho Monreal, who had earlier scored for Arsenal . Well clear of the defender, Januzaj bends his ankle as he begins to head for the deck in the 2-1 defeat . Januazj falls but referee Michael Oliver was having none of it and issued him with a yellow card for simulation . The referee got an earful from the Stretford End faithful and United captain Wayne Rooney but was right to caution Januzaj, who made it into the all-time Barclays Premier League top two for simulation bookings in his first full season in United's first team. Sportsmail's Graham Poll agreed with Oliver's decision and was impressed with his performance, saying: 'Oliver was brave and correct again when Adnan Januzaj clearly dived in front of the Stretford End – some players never learn.' Di Maria had already been booked for diving by Oliver, moments before he earned a second yellow card for inexplicably grabbing the official. And between him and Januzaj, the home side were left even more embarrassed at Old Trafford while Arsenal fans rejoiced in the stands - and that was already after two defensive errors was their final hope of a trophy extinguished. A bad night for Van Gaal's men. Januzaj (centre) appeals to Oliver while United's players hold their heads in disappointment at Old Trafford . Wayne Rooney tries to make his opinions known as captain of Manchester United but was unsuccessful . | Angel di Maria was sent off for Manchester United in their FA Cup exit . And Adnan Januzaj was also booked for simulation in the 89th minute . He has five yellow cards for diving and four goals for United . Belgian midfielder went down under pressure from Nacho Monreal . He was rightly shown the yellow card by referee Michael Oliver . |
Which company built the F-22 Raptor? | The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is an American single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). As the result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.
The aircraft first flew in 1997 and was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Although the USAF had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs, the program was cut to 187 operational aircraft in 2009 due to high costs, a lack of air-to-air missions at the time of production, and the development of the more affordable and versatile F-35.[N 1] The last F-22 was delivered in 2012.
While it had a protracted development and initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a critical component of the USAF's tactical airpower. The fighter's combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems enabled a leap in air combat capabilities and set the benchmark for its generation. The F-22 is expected to serve into the 2030s and eventually be succeeded by the USAF's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) manned fighter component. | Lockheed Martin was the main contractor responsible for the development of the F-22, but Boeing also contributed to some subsystems. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ronny Deila has branded Dundee United’s Aidan Connolly a diver - then called on the SFA to prove they don’t just punish Celtic players for simulation. Connolly tumbled to win United’s goal from the penalty spot - scored by Nadir Ciftci - towards the end of the first half after ref Craig Thomson deemed he had been tripped by Anthony Stokes. In August, Celtic winger Derk Boerrigter was handed a two-match ban for diving to win a penalty in a 2-0 win at St Johnstone. And Deila insisted he was baffled as to why it’s only his team that is targeted – albeit he was seemingly unaware St Johnstone’s Brian Graham was also suspended for diving to win a penalty against Inverness in December. Celtic manager Ronny Deila wants retrospective action after claiming Aidan Connolly dived to win a penalty . The referee points to the spot after Connolly was brought down in the Celtic box during Scottish Cup clash . Celtic keeper Craig Gordon fails to stop Nadir Ciftci from giving Dundee United the lead at Tannadice . ‘The United penalty was a dive and hopefully it will be the same rules for everybody,’ fumed Deila. ‘We are the only team this season in the league to have a suspension for diving, Derk Boerrigter. ‘I said at the time it was no problem because that is the line that will be taken by everyone. But I don’t think anybody has had it since then. The Scottish players have been unbelievably good. They’ve not dived but if they do (like Connolly) it should be the same rules. ‘Is it the fault of the ref or the player they got a penalty? It’s both. But I accept people make mistakes. We have a rule where people look at things afterwards but I don’t see anybody else getting suspensions.’ Celtic defender Virgil van Dyke (right) was sent off after only nine minutes of the Scottish Cup quarter-final . In what appeared to be a case of mistaken identity, the referee also sent off Dundee United's Paul Paton . Dundee United had a second player sent off after Paul Dixon (3rd left) receives his marching orders . Deila will study footage of the melee that saw Virgil van Dijk ordered off alongside Paul Paton before deciding whether to appeal in a bid to clear him for Sunday’s League Cup final against United at Hampden. But Stefan Johansen will miss the Scottish Cup quarter-final replay at Parkhead on March 18 after being booked yesterday. ‘I have looked at some pictures but it’s hard to see what happened,’ said Deila. ‘Virgil just said there was a tackle and suddenly somebody was holding his legs. There was some kicking of each other to get off each other. It was nothing. 'Hopefully everybody can play in the next game. Will we appeal? We will see. I actually didn’t know until now that Stefan is out of the replay. It’s good we have a big squad.’ Leigh Griffiths missed his chance to equalise for Celtic from the penalty spot . Griffiths made up for his penalty miss by drawing Celtic level with a header . Celtic captain Scott Brown celebrates with Griffiths as the game finishes in a 1-1 draw . Deila didn’t fear any further disciplinary problems in the final but took a swipe at the abysmal Tannadice pitch. ‘There is going to be a high temperature, yes, but I’m not worried. It is fantastic. That’s why we love football. We are fighting for big things, trophies, and we have to keep our discipline. But the pitch made it a fight today. It was nothing about playing football. If you are going to develop players in this league, you have to have pitches you can play on.’ Meanwhile, the SFA compliance officer could be forced to look at footage from Dutch TV in which Celtic’s John Guidetti is alleged to have performed a song during an interview including the words ‘the huns are deid’. A recent petition lobbying the Scottish Parliament was launched by a group of Rangers fans who claimed ‘huns’ is a derogatory term used against Protestants. | William Hill Scottish Cup quarter-final ended in a 1-1 draw at Tannadice . Referee sent off Celtic defender Virgil van Dyke and Dundee United's Paul Paton (in a case of mistaken identity) and Paul Dixon . Ronny Deila has accused Aidan Connolly from diving to win a penalty . Nadir Ciftci opened the scoring for the hosts from the penalty spot . Leigh Griffiths missed a penalty before equalising for the Hoops . |
Where is Shuyga? | Shuyga (Russian: Шуйга) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Surskoye Rural Settlement of Pinezhsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 472 as of 2010. There are 11 streets. | Shuyga is located on the Shuyga River, 99 km southeast of Karpogory (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shulomen is the nearest rural locality. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Liverpool are pressing ahead with their stadium redevelopment plans as they look to expand the capacity of their Anfield home. Steel structures of the new Main Stand are already starting to take shape with work to be completed in time for the 2016/17 season. The redevelopment of the new Main Stand, which will seat 21,000 spectators, will increase the ground's capacity by 9,000 to 54,000. Steel structures of the new Main Stand are starting to take place at Anfield . Over 4,800 tonnes of steel will be needed for the new Main Stand, which will see the existing structure joined together with the new building. Liverpool FC’s operations director Andrew Parkinson told the Liverpool Echo: 'Progress is on track since December when we said we would be going ahead with the Main Stand development. 'We’ve been doing a lot of the foundation works and now we’re in the process of erecting the steel and that’s all coming up very quickly. Anfield will be able to seat 54,000 spectators once work on the Main Stand is completed . The new Main Stand will be able to seat 21,000 spectators and will be open in time for the 2016-17 season . 'We’re already at the stage where the new steel is as high as the existing Main Stand and that’s within a week since the steel arrived. As we get further and further, from game to game, people are going to see a big transformation in front of their eyes.' After the Main Stand has been redeveloped, Liverpool will move onto expanding the Anfield Road end and take the capacity of the stadium to just shy of 60,000. | Redevelopment work on Anfield's new Main Stand taking place . Steel structures for new part of the building are starting to take shape . Capacity of ground will increase to 54,000 by 2016-17 season . New Main Stand will be able to seat 21,000 spectators once complete . CLICK HERE for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Chelsea assistant manager Henk ten Cate has backed Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal to become a success at Old Trafford but insists his fellow countryman needs time. The Dutchman has been criticised throughout his first season in England for constantly tinkering with his side's set up and for failing to get the best out of high-profile players such as Angel di Maria, Radamel Falcao and Robin van Persie. Manchester United, who crashed out of the FA Cup at home to Arsenal on Monday, face a tough battle to qualify for next season's Champions League as just two points now separate the Red Devils in fourth from fifth-placed Liverpool. Henk ten Cate believes Louis van Gaal is the man to help Manchester United get back to their glory days . Former Chelsea assistant manager Ten Cate (right), pictured with Avram Grant, heaped praise on Van Gaal . United are currently fourth in the Premier League . Ten Cate concedes Van Gaal's side have been below-par but is confident Van Gaal will be able to turn the club's fortunes around. 'I know him well and he is the kind of guy who doesn't just go for results, he wants his teams to play good football. He has proved that in the past,' Ten Cate told talkSPORT. 'Right now at Manchester United it is not that good. The way they are playing is absolutely not good. But it is not the style of Van Gaal. 'You have to give him time because, for me, he is one of the best coaches there is. I worked closely with him for one year when I was going through the stages to get my coaching licence. I saw what he was doing and the only thing he has to do is get used to the way of playing in England. 'If the owners of the club gave him that much confidence and that much money to spend, it is not a good thing to say goodbye after one season because it is starting to become his team. 'He needs a little more time but I am almost positive that he is going to surprise Britain with his [style of] football.' Van Gaal has spent more than £150million since replacing David Moyes as Manchester United's manager . | Louis van Gaal has been criticised for his negative style of play . Henk ten Cate believes Van Gaal needs time to get used to English football . Manchester United are currently fourth in the Premier League . READ: Radamel Falcao accepts he joined the wrong club . CLICK HERE for all the latest Man United news . |
here is some information about Ross McLean, how many years was Ross president of the Leavue of help for sick and elderly? | He was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors for five years from 1999. He was chair of the National Childcare Accreditation Council for four years from 1996 to 1999. He was president of the Association for the Blind of WA from 1995 to 1999. He was president of the League of Help for the Sick and Elderly of WA from 1995 to 1997. In December 2001 he resigned as chairman of the Fremantle Football Club in the wake of revelations that the club had exceeded the salary cap for the 2001 season. He was a member of the Board of the Western Australian Cricket Association from 2004 to 2012. | 2 years, between 1995 to 1997. |
Tell me about Potrerillos | Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 1,157; its population as of 2000 was 1,378. | Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi). |
Extract the names of people mentioned and their significance in the following format:
[Name]: [Significance] | Angelo Moriondo, from Turin, is often erroneously credited for inventing the beverage, since he patented a steam-driven coffee beverage making device in 1884 (No. 33/256), probably the first Italian coffee machine similar to other French and English 1800s steam-driven coffee machines. The device is "almost certainly the first Italian bar machine that controlled the supply of steam and water separately through the coffee" and Moriondo is "certainly one of the earliest discoverers of the expresso machine, if not the earliest". Seventeen years later, in 1901, Luigi Bezzera, from Milan, devised and patented several improved versions of the espresso machine, the first of which was applied for on 19 December 1901. Titled "Innovations in the machinery to prepare and immediately serve coffee beverage"; Patent No. 153/94, 61707, was granted on 5 June 1902, and was the first espresso machine. In 1903, the patent was bought by Desiderio Pavoni, who founded the La Pavoni company and began to produce the machine industrially, manufacturing one machine daily in a small workshop in Via Parini, Milan | Angelo Moriondo: Patented a steam-driven coffee beverage-making device and was often erroneously credited for inventing espresso
Luigi Bezzera: Patented the first espresso machine and later went on to create several improved versions
Desiderio Pavoni: Bought the patent titled "Innovations in the machinery to prepare and immediately serve coffee beverage" from Luigi Bezzera, founded the La Pavoni company, and began to produce the machine industrially |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | John Guidetti has seemingly distanced himself from a longer stay at Celtic by telling Dutch media he wants to return to Feyenoord 'perhaps as soon as possible'. The Swede scored 20 goals when on loan in Rotterdam in the 2011-12 season and remains hugely popular with Feyenoord fans. Guidetti, who made the comment in an interview with RTV Rijnmond, will become a free agent at the end of the season when his loan at Parkhead from Manchester City expires. John Guidetti has scored twice in his last four appearances, raising his tally to 13 overall for the Hoops . The 22-year-old striker placed talks about a permanent deal in Glasgow on hold in January as he endured a long scoreless run. Guidetti has since scored twice in his last four appearances - raising his tally to 13 overall - but it remains to be seen whether Celtic will put forward a lucrative contract offer to try to persuade him to stay. French giants Marseille and Southampton have also been linked with interest in the striker. Meanwhile, Ronny Deila claims he wants Craig Gordon to stay with Celtic for the remainder of his career. The Parkhead boss has already spoken with chief executive Peter Lawwell about the possibility of a new contract for the keeper, who signed a two-year deal when he joined the club last summer. Gordon's excellent performances since then have been key to Celtic's progress under Deila and brought the 32-year-old firmly back into contention to be Scotland's No1. Guidetti (left) goes down under pressure from Danilo D'Ambrosio during Celtic's clash against Inter Milan . According to reports in England, they have also attracted the attention of Chelsea, who have apparently included his name on a list of candidates to be back-up to Thibaut Courtois next season. Deila, though, is keen for the former £9million man to remain in his squad for as long as possible. 'He's a great goalkeeper and a man we want to keep at the club,' insisted the Norwegian. 'We will do everything to keep him here. I understand why other clubs are looking at him because he's had a fantastic season. Myself and Peter have already talked about this. It's also about what Craig wants and hopefully he wants to stay here and be with Celtic.' Gordon's acquisition on a free transfer was one of the best bargains of recent time in Scottish football. Asked what value he would now place on the ex-Hearts and Sunderland man, Deila replied: 'I can't sell him. I don't want to. I want him here for the rest of his career.' Celtic boss Ronny Deila wants Craig Gordon (above) to remain at Parkhead for the remainder of his career . On the prospect of Gordon signing up for life on the Chelsea bench after coming through two years of injury anguish and rekindling his career at Celtic, Deila said: 'It would be a shame but I don't think he wants to do that – he wants to play football until the end of his career. 'It's a rumour and we will see what's in it. There will be clubs interested if he wants to go, but we want to keep him. 'He's performed great and without him we wouldn't have gone through the group stage (in the Europa League).' Gordon will again form Celtic's last line of defence as they seek to open up a nine-point Premiership lead with victory over St Johnstone on Wednesday night. Emilio Izaguirre and Kris Commons are, however, sidelined with knocks. | John Guidetti scored 20 goals when on loan with Feyenoord in 2012 . Guidetti is currently on loan at Celtic from Manchester City . The Swede will become a free agent at the end of the season when his loan at Parkhead expires . Guidetti has scored twice in his last four appearances, raising his tally to 13 overall for the Hoops . |
Extract the platforms that the game can be played on and separate them with a comma. | Horizon Zero Dawn is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is the first game of the Horizon video game series. The plot follows Aloy, a young hunter in a world overrun by machines, who sets out to uncover her past. The player uses ranged weapons, a spear, and stealth to combat mechanical creatures and other enemy forces. A skill tree provides the player with new abilities and bonuses. The player can explore the open world to discover locations and take on side quests. It is the first game in the Horizon series and was released for the PlayStation 4 in 2017 and Windows in 2020. | PlayStation, Windows |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kris Commons says he wants Celtic’s arch-rivals Rangers in the Scottish Premiership as soon as possible — despite the Ibrox club suffering a lamentable 2-2 home draw with Alloa on Tuesday night. Championship leaders Hearts could clinch automatic promotion to the top tier if results go their way this weekend. That would leave Rangers embroiled in a grim battle for the second promotion spot under new manager Stuart McCall, although on current form they could even miss the play-offs. Celtic forward Kris Commons, pictured training on Tuesday, wants Rangers back in the top flight . However, in a view unlikely to curry unanimous favour amongst Celtic supporters, Commons — who scored in the recent League Cup semi-final between the Glasgow giants — admits he wants the Old Firm fixture back next season. ‘Personally, yes, because the games with Rangers are the best games,’ said the Parkhead forward. ‘They draw the best crowds and a large TV audience for people around the world. It makes people want to get out of bed in the middle of the night in Australia. ‘My mates down south don’t know much about Scottish football but they want to see that game. I love playing in them. ‘There are a lot of fans who are on the fence (about) whether it’s right or wrong but I love them.’ The new board still hope the return of Ibrox icon McCall can spark an improvement as they battle Hibernian for second place. The Ibrox side were hot favourites to finish top of the league at the beginning of the season, but Commons remains unsurprised to see them struggle. Rangers suffered a disappointing 2-2 draw against Alloa on Tuesday - their fifth in a row in the league . Ben Gordon (centre) is congratulated by his team-mates after his goal gave the part-timers a shock lead . ‘I have played in the Championship in England with teams trying to get back up and it’s not easy,’ he continued. ‘Some teams go down from the Premier League and they end up in League one, like Blackpool, Sheffield United and Wednesday. ‘Not only does it affect the players, the manager, coaches and fans, it’s a city thing. It’s a massive thing. ‘It’s very difficult to have the wind knocked out of your sails. ‘When you are struggling — as Rangers are — that’s when you need to call on experience and that’s why they have tried to go with Stuart McCall.’ Commons scored the opener as Celtic secured the League Cup with a 2-0 win over Dundee United on Sunday. The Parkhead side can take a huge step towards their target of a rare domestic treble by beating the Tannadice side again in Wednesday night’s Scottish Cup quarter-final replay at Parkhead. Celtic are bidding to win a domestic treble this season after claiming the Scottish League Cup last Sunday . Jock Stein and Martin O’Neill completed domestic clean sweeps when Rangers were strong, but Commons rubbishes any suggestion of a diminished achievement in the absence of their Glasgow rivals. ‘I think the last time it was done was in an era when money and wages were massive,’ he said. ‘You look at the teams — (Chris) Sutton, (Neil) Lennon, (John) Hartson and (Henrik) Larsson — people who were on fortunes and I think that they got a huge amount of credit for what they did. ‘If we can get across the line and achieve this Treble, I don’t think it should be looked upon as a lesser achievement. It’s the same level.’ Last season’s Player of the Year, meanwhile, plans to take any penalties against United after admitting the on-field spat between James Forrest and John Guidetti over a missed spot-kick on Sunday was regrettable. James Forrest (right) celebrates with John Guidetti after scoring in the League Cup final . ‘I don’t think that has ever happened before at Celtic,’ he said. ‘It’s the sort of thing you see on The Football Years on TV. It was like a (Paolo) di Canio-(Frank) Lampard moment. ‘I can understand from John’s point of view because he has taken a couple of penalties and scored. He has not been on the score sheet a lot of late. He’s a striker and he wants to get goals. ‘But they were not great scenes — probably just an eagerness to score and win. ‘It perhaps put a little dampener on the way that we won. The manager bases a lot on team spirit and team bonding. ‘We are meant to have this good unit as a team but, clearly at the end of the game, it looked as though people were doing things on an individual basis. ‘I don’t think any player should throw a strop on a football field. You should never do that.’ | Kris Commons wants Rangers to get promoted to the Scottish Premiership . Rangers are third, which would be enough to earn a play-off place . The struggling Ibrox club have not won in their last five league however . Should Stuart McCall's side slip to fourth they would miss out play-offs . Commons says the Old Firm derbies are the best games to play in . |
Given this paragraph about Computer Worm history, tell me the name of the earliest computer worm that caused damages to many computers on the Internet and the date when it was unleashed by his creator. | A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these new worm-invaded computers are controlled, the worm will continue to scan and infect other computers using these computers as hosts, and this behaviour will continue. Computer worms use recursive methods to copy themselves without host programs and distribute themselves based on exploiting the advantages of exponential growth, thus controlling and infecting more and more computers in a short time. Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.
Many worms are designed only to spread, and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through. However, as the Morris worm and Mydoom showed, even these "payload-free" worms can cause major disruption by increasing network traffic and other unintended effects.
History
The actual term "worm" was first used in John Brunner's 1975 novel, The Shockwave Rider. In the novel, Nichlas Haflinger designs and sets off a data-gathering worm in an act of revenge against the powerful men who run a national electronic information web that induces mass conformity. "You have the biggest-ever worm loose in the net, and it automatically sabotages any attempt to monitor it. There's never been a worm with that tough a head or that long a tail!"
The second ever computer worm was devised to be an anti-virus software. Named Reaper, it was created by Ray Tomlinson to replicate itself across the ARPANET and delete the experimental Creeper program (the first computer worm, 1971).
On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris, a Cornell University computer science graduate student, unleashed what became known as the Morris worm, disrupting many computers then on the Internet, guessed at the time to be one tenth of all those connected. During the Morris appeal process, the U.S. Court of Appeals estimated the cost of removing the worm from each installation at between $200 and $53,000; this work prompted the formation of the CERT Coordination Center and Phage mailing list. Morris himself became the first person tried and convicted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. | The first computer worm publicly known to cause real disruptions and malfunctioning to computers connected to the Internet is known to be the Morris worm, created in 1988 by Robert Morris, a computer science student at Cornell University. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The heartbroken grandfather of murdered Bristol schoolgirl Becky Watts has made a music video in tribute to his beloved granddaughter, as hundreds braved the rain to march in her memory. John Galsworthy decided to make the poignant video, in which he sings Somewhere, from the musical West Side Story, following the 16-year-old's death in February. So far, more than 7,000 people have watched the video, which is interspersed with pictures of Becky. Scroll down for video . Poignant: John Galsworthy sings Somewhere, from the musical West Side Story, in a video interspersed with pictures of his granddaughter Becky Watts, who was found dead in Bristol in February . Memorial: Hundreds turned out in Bristol today to pay tribute to the teenager, and raise money in her memory . Agony: Becky's father Darren Galsworthy, (left) and step-mother Angie Galsworthy were among the marchers . The teenager vanished form her home in Crown Hill, Bristol, on February 19. Police launched a huge search for the popular girl, which also prompted a social media campaign using the hashtag #FindBecky. But the search ended in tragedy, when police discovered Becky's body parts at a house in Barton Hill, Bristol, on March 2, and charged her stepbrother, Nathan Matthews, 28, with murder. Her death sparked an outpouring of grief in the community: bouquets, teddies and cards have been left at her family home, as well at Barton Court, while two online fundraising pages have also raised more than £11,000. And today, hundreds marched through Bristol in the rain to raise even more. The money is going to be put towards her funeral, and then towards a foundation which her family is hopes to set up in her memory, aiming to help other families in similar situations. The walkers were joined by members of Becky's family, who wore t-shirts and badges featuring a picture of the teenager and released colourful balloons. Touched: Becky's father said his 'young, shy, retiring' daughter would have been amazed with the turnout . Speaking after the event, Becky's father Darren Galsworthy said his daughter would have been amazed by the support. 'It's an amazing turnout, it's amazing the support they've got for my Becky who was so shy and retiring,' said Mr Galsworthy, who was supported by Becky's stepmother, Anjie, the mother of Matthews. 'Global': The Galsworthys have received messages of support from across the world after Becky (pictured) died in February . 'If she could see this happening now... On a horrible day like this, hundreds and hundreds of people have turned out. 'This young, shy, reserved child who lost her life so tragically and it has hurt us all but it's touched everyone's hearts around the world. 'I've been getting messages from Australia and New Zealand, Africa, China - it's gone absolutely global. 'People recognise us, they come up to us and hug us. I've had 7 foot tall men come up to me crying, hugging me and wishing us the best.' Grandfather John added: 'I really think she would have loved it. 'I'm sure that if she's looking down on us now that she's saying 'I am pleased, thank you'.' Mr Galsworthy said he hoped the money would help 'keep Rebecca's name going for ever'. Mr Galsworthy said the last month had been 'absolute hell', but he hoped to 'get our life back on track at some point'. The family home has been the subject of forensic searches since Becky was reported missing on February 20. Mr Galsworthy said: 'If we get a good vibe when we go in then we'll probably stay living there but if its too much for us to bear then we'll just sell up and move on somewhere else.' He added: 'It's been hell for us, I'm not going to lie. It is very difficult to keep the emotions under control. 'I have to thank the whole Bristol community for their support, it really does help us. 'I hope this ends sooner rather than later because every day has been hell for us. Every day has been an absolute nightmare.' Lasting tribute: Darren said he hoped a foundation in her name would help her 'go on forever' Bereft: Becky's boyfriend Luke Oberhansli (pictured) also took part in the march . Matthews, of Warmley, South Gloucestershire, appeared at Bristol Crown Court on March 26, along with five others charged in connection with the death. His girlfriend, Shauna Hoare, 21, of Cotton Mill Lane, Bristol, is accused of perverting the course of justice by lying to police. Jaydene Parsons, 23, James Ireland, and Karl and Donovan Demetrius, both 29, are accused of helping dispose of and conceal Becky's body parts. A plea hearing has been set for August 4, with a provisional trial date of October 5. All six defendants have been remanded in custody. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | John Galsworthy sings Somewhere from the musical West Side Story . Touching tribute has had more than 7,000 views on YouTube to date . Meanwhile hundreds marched in Bristol in schoolgirl's memory . They hoped to raise funds to help set up a foundation in Becky's name . Father Darren revealed family has been in 'absolute hell' since her death . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A baby girl born in India with a 'trunk-like' protrusion between her eyes is being worshipped by locals who believe she is the reincarnation of the Hindu god Ganesha. The girl, who has yet to be named, was born Thursday in a village in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, in the country's north, ANI reported. The news that there is a 'divine' child in the village has spread, bringing many visitors who have nicknamed her 'Lord Ganpatni' meaning 'Ganesha's wife'. Scroll down for video . A baby girl born in India with a 'trunk-like' protrusion between her eyes is being worshipped by locals . The baby girl, who has yet to be named, was born Thursday in a village in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh . 'My sister-in-law gave birth to a girl at 7:00 a.m. and her face looks exactly like Lord Ganesha. Everybody is saying she is an incarnation of the God,' the baby's aunt Rajani told ANI. 'This is why whoever hears about her is coming here to get a glimpse of the baby and are making whatever offerings possible.' The girl comes from a poor family with her father, a vegetable vendor who earns 250 rupee ($5.17) per day, hoping his daughter's birth will bring the family better luck, the Times of India reported. She has three healthy older siblings and lives in a small house in the northern Indian village. Doctors said the girl's protrusion was most likely due to a gene mutation, caused by malnutrition and pollution. Locals have nicknamed her 'Lord Ganpatni' meaning 'Ganesha's wife' after the elephant-headed god . The news that there is a 'divine' child in the village has spread, bringing many visitors . The girl comes from a poor family with her father hoping his daughter's birth will bring the family better luck . | Baby girl born in India with a 'trunk-like' protrusion between her eyes . Locals have nicknamed her 'Lord Ganpatni' meaning 'Ganesha's wife' Doctors said the girl's protrusion was most likely due to a gene mutation, caused by malnutrition and pollution . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)Best-selling British fantasy author Terry Pratchett has died at the age of 66, his website said Thursday. Pratchett, who wrote more than 70 books, including those in his "Discworld" series, had been diagnosed with a rare form of Alzheimer's disease in 2007. A statement on the website announced the news of his death at home Thursday with "immeasurable sadness." "I was deeply saddened to learn that Sir Terry Pratchett has died. The world has lost one of its brightest, sharpest minds," said Larry Finlay, managing director at Transworld Publishers. "In over 70 books, Terry enriched the planet like few before him. As all who read him know, 'Discworld' was his vehicle to satirize this world: He did so brilliantly, with great skill, enormous humor and constant invention." Pratchett continued to write following his diagnosis, completing his last book, a new Discworld novel, in the summer of 2014. Revealing his illness in 2007, the author -- who had a strong following among fans of fantasy fiction -- said he had been diagnosed with "a very rare form of early onset Alzheimer's," which he described as "an embuggerance." He said then, "Frankly, I would prefer it if people kept things cheerful, because I think there's time for at least a few more books yet." According to Thursday's statement, he had posterior cortical atrophy, a progressive degenerative condition involving the loss and dysfunction of brain cells, particularly at the back of the brain. The last posts on his verified Twitter account, run by Pratchett with close friend Rob Wilkins, give a poignant farewell -- and have already been retweeted thousands of times. "AT LAST, SIR TERRY, WE MUST WALK TOGETHER," the first tweet in the series reads -- an apparent reference to Death, a recurring and generally sympathetic character in the Discworld books, who always speaks in ALL CAPS. "Terry took Death's arm and followed him through the doors and on to the black desert under the endless night. "The End." Jeremy Hughes, chief executive of the Alzheimer's Society, a charitable organization, said Pratchett -- who spoke out publicly about his condition and called for greater funding for Alzheimer's research -- had "fundamentally changed the way dementia is seen and understood." "His vehement determination to reduce the stigma of dementia meant he helped drag it out of the shadows -- kicking and screaming at times," he said. "Shouting from the rooftops about the absurdity of how little funding dementia research receives, and fighting for good quality dementia care, he was and will remain the truest of champions for people with the condition." Pratchett was also a patron of the British Humanist Association, which paid tribute Thursday to the humor and dedication with which the author "turned his suffering into a positive campaign." Pratchett, who began writing while a provincial newspaper journalist in the 1960s, became a full time writer in 1987 and received the Order of the British Empire "for services to literature" from Prince Charles in 1998. People we've lost in 2015 . CNN's Bharati Naik contributed to this report. | Author Terry Pratchett has died age 66, his website says . "In over 70 books, Terry enriched the planet like few before him," says publisher . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton boss Roberto Martinez feels the poor condition of the pitch at Dynamo Kiev's Olympic Stadium is 'a concern' - but he is sure it will be just as problematic for one side as the other in Thursday's Europa League last-16 second-leg encounter. Rather than training on the pitch at their opponents' stadium as they normally would, Martinez' men did a session on the running track surrounding the playing surface - while the turf was covered by a protective sheet - following their arrival in Ukraine on Wednesday. And when asked about the state of the grass, the Spaniard said at his pre-match press conference: 'The pitch is a concern for both teams. Everton boss Roberto Martinez has expressed concerns over the quality of Dynamo Kiev's pitch . Everton players train ahead of their Europa League round of 16 second-leg with Dynamo Kiev . Everton currently lead the tie 2-1 on aggregate following their win at Goodison Park in the first-leg . With the pitch covered up, Everton players are made to train on the running track that surrounds it . Martinez has warned that the poor quality pitch could be a problem for both Everton and Dynamo Kiev . 'Dynamo Kiev are a technical team and they need a good pitch, and we are exactly the same. 'I don't think it will play a big part in terms of giving a favour or advantage to either of the two sides. 'I think it is a little bit of a shame for the game of football that the pitch is not going to be in perfect condition. 'But you have to adapt to whatever surface you play on.' An Everton coach leads the players in a series of stretches on the running track around the pitch . Leighton Baines (left) stretches alongside Everton team-mate Luke Garbutt at the Olympic Stadium . | Everton take on Dynamo Kiev in the Europa League last 16 . The Toffees currently lead the tie 2-1 on aggregate . Martinez says the poor condition of the pitch will cause problems . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | HOW DO I GET TICKETS? Tickets are available online at www.cheltenham.co.uk - Friday’s Gold Cup is sold out - or at the racecourse in three bands: . Best Mate Enclosure £35 (opposite the main grandstand) Tattersall Enclosure £49 (access to grandstand steps) Club Enclosure £80 (access to main grandstand & finish) (Gates open at 10.30am) Tickets for the Cheltenham Festival are available online but Friday's Gold Cup is sold out . TRAVEL TIPS . By car: Parking is £8 in advance and £10 on the day. By train: A bus link runs from Cheltenham Spa Station, starting two hours before racing. By coach: National Express will be operating coach services from many UK locations for all four days. Or in style: The Cheltenham website has details of arriving by steam train or helicopter. WEATHER . Tuesday: Dry and sunny with a light breeze, 3-9°C, 5mph winds. Wednesday: Cloudy with heavy rain in the afternoon, 3-9°C, 16mph. Thursday: Cloudy with heavy rain in the evening, 4-10°C, 15mph. Friday: Clousy but dry with sunny spells, 5-9°C, 12mph. Clare Balding will host Channel 4's coverage . ON TELEVISION . Clare Balding and Nick Luck host Channel 4’s coverage of what should be a four-day feast of racing, culminating with Gold Cup holder Lord Windermere hoping to defend his title on Friday. Channel 4 Schedule . Tuesday . 8.0-9.0am: Morning Line . 12.35-4.20pm: Day 1 Live . Midnight-0.50am: Highlights . Wednesday . 8.0-9.0am: Morning Line . 12.35-4.20pm: Day 2 Live . Midnight-0.50am: Highlights . Thursday . 8.0-9.0am: Morning Line . 12.35-4.20pm: Day 3 Live . 1.0-1.45am: Highlights . Friday . 8.0-9.0am: Morning Line . 12.35-4.20pm: Day 4 Live . 0.20-1.10am: Highlights . ON THE RADIO . Every race live on BBC Radio 5 Live or Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. MAILONLINE . LIVE: Keep track of the winners, top tips and pictures with our unrivalled coverage each day. VIDEO: Racing correspondent Marcus Townend gives his verdict from the course each day. | Tickets are available for the Cheltenham Festival in three bands . Gates open at 10.30am and prices range from £35 to £80 . Clare Balding and Nick Luck will host Channel 4’s coverage of the Festival . |
Is Mount Saint Helens still active? | Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It lies 52 miles (83 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Seattle. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from that of the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who surveyed the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The Mount St. Helens major eruption of May 18, 1980 remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Fifty-seven people were killed; 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways, and 185 miles (298 km) of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche, triggered by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, caused a lateral eruption that reduced the elevation of the mountain's summit from 9,677 ft (2,950 m) to 8,363 ft (2,549 m), leaving a 1 mile (1.6 km) wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The debris avalanche was 0.6 cubic miles (2.5 km3) in volume. The 1980 eruption disrupted terrestrial ecosystems near the volcano. By contrast, aquatic ecosystems in the area greatly benefited from the amounts of ash, allowing life to multiply rapidly. Six years after the eruption, most lakes in the area had returned to their normal state.
After its 1980 eruption, the volcano experienced continuous volcanic activity until 2008. Geologists predict that future eruptions will be more destructive, as the configuration of the lava domes requires more pressure to erupt. However, Mount St. Helens is a popular hiking spot and it is climbed year-round. In 1982, the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established by President Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress. | Mount St. Helens, located in the sate of Washington is considered an active volcano. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two million illnesses. 23,000 deaths. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, that's the human toll from antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" each year in the United States. To fight the growing problem of infections that can't be treated, the administration of President Barack Obama is implementing a five-year national action plan at a cost of $1.2 billion. Those funds, part of the President's 2015 budget, which must still be approved by Congress, would nearly double the amount of federal money allocated to the fight. The plan calls for creating a "one-health" approach to testing and reporting superbugs around the country, as well as establishing a DNA database of resistant bacteria. New, rapid tests to detect emerging resistant bacteria will be developed. Research for new antibiotics and vaccines will accelerate. The plan calls for two new options for people, and three for animals, by 2020. Global surveillance and cooperation is also stressed, including a global database for animals. A key goal is to slow the growth and spread of superbugs by reducing the use of antibiotics when they aren't needed. The plan calls for a 50% reduction in inappropriate antibiotic use in doctor's offices and a 20% reduction in hospital use by 2020. "This is a lofty goal," said internist and Emory Associate Professor Dr. Sandra Fryhofer. "It's important for both patients and professionals to be on board." There are still details to work out. "Who determines what's appropriate?" asked Atlanta pediatrician Dr. Jennifer Shu. "Are we going to have a checklist of requirements that have to be met? I think it might be a bit tough to measure, but I think improvement can definitely happen." A recent survey of 796 health care professionals found 63% of the sample prescribed antibiotics when they weren't absolutely necessary, at least 10% of the time. A top reason: the patient requested it. "Some patients put a lot of pressure on doctors to give them an antibiotic, and they may think they're not getting good care if they're not given one. But that's just not true," said Fryhofer. "It's become like an insurance policy but it's an insurance policy that doesn't give good dividends." "I do find there is a lot of education that has to go on with patients that might expect antibiotics when their child is sick," said Shu, "but I think in recent years I have seen more of an awareness, and many of my patients are more hesitant to ask." Another part of the plan pledges to eliminate the widespread use of antibiotics to boost the growth of animals raised for food. It will also phase in oversight by veterinarians for other uses of antibiotics in feed and water. While applauding the spirit of the pledge, critics say the limits are still too voluntary and limited in scope. "The problem we have with the plan is that it only removes the growth claims from the label," said senior analyst Steve Roach at Keep Antibiotics Working. "What we hoped for in the plan was a commitment from FDA to identify which antibiotic uses other than growth promotion need to be changed." "With 80% of the antibiotics produced in the United States being used in agriculture mostly for prevention," said Louise Slaughter, D-New York, who has an alternate proposal in front of Congress, "any meaningful solution to the looming antibiotic resistance crisis must begin with limits on the farm. Trusting a voluntary policy that lets industry police itself will not bring about real change." | Antibiotic resistance is a pressing public health issue, CDC says . Plan would nearly double the amount of federal monies allocated to the fight . Patient use of unnecessary antibiotics will be curtailed . |
Given this reference text about Jane Goodall, tell me how old she is, and her most notable accomplishments. | Dame Jane Morris Goodall DBE (/ˈɡʊdɔːl/; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. She is considered the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, after 60 years studying the social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees. Goodall first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960, where she witnessed human-like behaviours amongst chimpanzees, including armed conflict.[failed verification]
She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. As of 2022, she is on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project. In April 2002, she was named a UN Messenger of Peace. Goodall is an honorary member of the World Future Council. | Jane Goodall, 89, is a world-renown primatologist, famous for her study of chimpanzees. She has dedicated her life to conservation and animal welfare issues, and founded the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme. She was named a UN Messenger of Peace in 2002, and is an honorary member of the World Future Council. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Harry Kane turned to social media on Thursday, full of emotion after England manager Roy Hodgson called him up for the first time. The Tottenham striker talked of ‘pride’ and ‘honour’ on Twitter after being named in the squad for the Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania next Friday and the friendly in Italy four days later. Kane, who has scored 26 goals for Tottenham this season, merits his place alongside England captain Wayne Rooney, Daniel Sturridge and Danny Welbeck. Liverpool’s Raheem Sterling is also in the squad but a niggling toe injury could see him play against Lithuania and sit out the Italy clash. Scroll down for full squad . Harry Kane celebrates after scoring for Tottenham Hotspur against Arsenal at White Hart Lane last month . Kane rounds QPR goalkeeper Rob Green to score Spurs' second goal at Loftus Road on March 7 . ‘The whole country is excited to see Harry Kane,’ said Hodgson. ‘His rise has been fantastic. He deserves his chance. He hasn’t been in the squad before, but he has to show he belongs.’ Beyond that, poor Kane discovered what it is really like to be a senior international when he was immediately caught in a club-versus-country row. First the background. The lure of the Aussie dollar has seen Tottenham agree to play Sydney FC on May 30, six days after the final game of the Premier League season. That same weekend, the England squad meet to prepare for a friendly against the Republic of Ireland on June 7 in Dublin, followed by the Euro 2016 qualifier in Slovenia on June 14. There is also a possibility that Kane, a regular in Gareth Southgate’s Under 21 squad, will be selected for the European Championship starting on June 17. ‘Playing for England at Under 21 level is more important than a friendly in Australia and I would be hypocritical if I didn’t give that answer,’ said Hodgson. ‘This business about being tired — he’s played quite a lot of games but he’s not played any more than Wayne Rooney, Jordan Henderson, Joe Hart, Gary Cahill and lots of other players. ‘If he needs a rest there’s a great opportunity when the season ends, before our Under 21s get together. You can’t expect me to say, “Oh no, I understand he will play in Australia and be resting when the Under 21s pitch up”.’ Kane celebrates after scoring for England U21 against Croatia in a Euro 2015 qualifier last year . Still, Tottenham were adamant on Thursday that Kane will travel to Australia to fulfil the Sydney fixture. Kane, 21, has played 42 times for Spurs this season and his goals in three competitions — Premier League, Europa League and Capital One Cup — have earned him international recognition. Inevitably, boss Mauricio Pochettino would prefer the potential PFA Player of the Year to put his feet up this summer. There is a fear of burn-out. ‘We will speak (with Hodgson). It’s a good chance to speak because England train here,’ said Pochettino after England’s squad of 24 was announced. ‘We always try to find what is best for the player. We need to understand every position, but we have a good relationship and after that (talks with Hodgson) we will take a decision.’ As for Kane, he is concerned only with proving himself to the England manager. ‘I’ll be aiming to compete and get myself in the team,’ he said. ‘There are a lot of great players there and I haven’t had time to think about what’s happened but I’m enjoying every minute and want it to continue.’ Beyond the Kane situation, Hodgson had to attend to some general housekeeping at Wembley on Thursday, such as the knockout blow Phil Bardsley seemed to land on his pal Rooney at the captain’s Cheshire home last month. Hodgson said he had no view on the incident, which was revealed last weekend in a Sunday newspaper. ‘You will have to guess whether I am concerned but Wayne’s celebration against Tottenham was one way to take the sting out of the situation,’ said Hodgson. On Monday, when the squad meet at St George’s Park, it will be the first time Hodgson has seen them since November. He had hoped to meet the players at a dinner in January but club managers were against the idea. England manager Roy Hodgson takes his seat before announcing his squad at Wembley on Thursday . Instead, Hodgson recorded a video message which was sent to the squad via England’s video analyst Andy Scoulding and was downloaded on to their iPads. ‘I don’t want to do the Sherlock Holmes bit to find out who has and who hasn’t watched it,’ said Hodgson. ‘I did an introduction to each video and then Gary Neville and Ray Lewington talked over the actual clips. ‘It will break the ice that can develop when the last game was in November and your next one is in March. ‘Whether they found it a worthwhile exercise, I don’t know. If it’s not, then it’s an awful lot of work to do for nothing.’ | Harry Kane revealed his 'pride' and 'honour' on Twitter after receiving his first England call-up on Thursday . Kane was named in Roy Hodgson's squad for the Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania and the friendly against Italy . The Spurs striker has scored 26 goals for his club this season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ministers have ordered an inquiry into Jihadi John's secondary school after it emerged that two other former pupils went on to become terrorists. Education secretary Nicky Morgan has ordered an urgent investigation into the school after it emerged two dead Islamist fighters were also taught at Quintin Kynaston Academy in north London. Choukri Ellekhlifi, 22, was killed fighting with terrorists in Syria in 2013 after joining up with an al-Qaeda group, while Mohammed Sakr, 27, died fighting for Al-Shabbab in Somalia. Their deaths and the fact Jihadi John was revealed as former pupil Mohammed Emwazi last week has raised questions over what measures are in place to prevent the radicalisation of Muslim teenagers. Ministers have ordered an urgent investigation into the school attended by Mohammed Emwazi (pictured left) after it emerged two dead extremist fighters - including Choukri Ellekhlifi (right) - were also taught there . Yesterday the Government announced an urgent internal review into whether enough had been done at the school. Mrs Morgan has ordered officials to examine all evidence, including school records and inspection findings, to establish whether enough was done to prevent teenagers becoming radicalised. The Department for Education review aims to help officials understand how to prevent pupils or former pupils becoming extremists and travelling 'to Syria or other areas of concern', a spokesman said. The spokesman added: 'The Secretary of State has asked them to review all schools that fit this category. 'Our understanding of the challenge, and the way we monitor the ability of schools to respond to it, has advanced hugely in the past few years. Quintin Kynaston Academy's (pictured) head insisted the school is 'not a breeding ground for terrorists' 'As part of this, this government set-up a dedicated Due Diligence and Counter Extremism division within the DfE and they are working tirelessly to develop our understanding of the problem and to see if and where we can offer help to schools with pupils or former pupils who have since travelled to Syria or other areas of concern. 'The Secretary of State has asked them to review those schools where we have evidence of links with pupils who have travelled to Syria. 'The allegations about Quintin Kynaston may be historic and it is clearly a completely different school today, but I'm sure we will look back at the evidence from the time as part of this review to see if there are any lessons we can learn for the future.' The Telegraph reports both Ellekhlifli and Sakr were 'close associates' of Emwazi. Ellekhlifi was fighting alongside al-Qaeda linked extremists in Syria when he was killed by government forces near the city of Aleppo on August 11, 2013. The Department for Education review aims to help officials understand how to prevent pupils or former pupils becoming extremists and travelling 'to Syria or other areas of concern' - pictured: Jihadi John in an ISIS video . Sakr was fighting with al-Shabaab, an al-Qaeda affiliate, which has been responsible for a series of atrocities including the attack on the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi in which at least 67 people were killed. Quintin Kynaston Academy's current headteacher has insisted the school is not a breeding ground for terrorists. Alex Atherton told The Telegraph: 'QK has been proactive in working with the government's Prevent strategy, and this has resulted in positive work around the well-being and safety of our students. 'Students that may have attended nine years ago are not a reflection of the students we are proud of having at QK, and we will continue to put in place support mechanisms to make sure all our students feel safe and that they can raise any concerns.' One unnamed man who claimed to be a student alongside Ellekhlifi at QK told the paper he and his friends saw 'quite a lot of young men going towards a radicalised direction', but said he didn't realise the extent of it, adding 'It was a massive shock' when he learnt that Ellekhlifi went to Syria. MailOnline have contacted Quintin Kynaston Academy for a comment. | Education minister Nicky Morgan ordered inquiry into Jihadi John's school . Investigation ordered after it emerged two ex pupils also became terrorists . Choukri Ellekhlifi, 22, was killed fighting with terrorists in Syria in 2013 . Mohammed Sakr, 27, died while fighting for al-Shabaab in Somalia . All three attended the Quintin Kynaston Academy in north London . It is claimed both Ellekhlifli and Sakr were 'close associates' of Emwazi . Jihadi John was revealed as Londoner Mohammed Emwazi last week . |
Who was Lawrence Grant White? | Lawrence Grant White (September 26, 1887 – September 8, 1956) was an American architect, a partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, co-founded by his father Stanford White, and for five years the president of the National Academy of Design. | Lawrence Grant White was born on September 26, 1887. He was an American Architect, and was the President of the National Academy of Design for 5 years. Larry, as known by his friends, was born in NY, and was the son of Sanford and Elizabeth White. Larry graduated from Harvard University in 1908. From 1915-1917 he worked at the firm McKim, Mead, and White. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moscow (CNN)The primary suspect jailed in connection with the shooting death of Boris Nemtsov withdrew his confession Wednesday, saying he had been under duress during his admission and isn't guilty. Zaur Dadayev told two members of Russia's human rights council that he pleaded guilty after being detained because he was scared. He told Eva Merkacheva and Andrey Babushkin he had been tortured and the well-being of his family and friends were threatened. Dadayev was one of two suspects recently charged in the case. Three other suspects have not been charged. Merkacheva and Babushkin were accused of "interfering" with the investigation and will be summoned for questioning over their motives, authorities said. Russia's Investigative Committee stated that the two rights activists violated the law when they visited and questioned Dadayev in a Moscow jail. Amnesty International condemned the Russian officials' decision to go after the activists, saying that a "threat to bring criminal charges" against the rights activists "raises alarming questions over the fairness of the investigation." Anton Tsvetkov, the head of the Public Chamber's commission for public security, said Dadyev and two other suspects denied being involved in the shooting of the Russian opposition leader. He said a doctor found no signs of torture during an examination of the three men. Shagit Gubashev and Anzor Gubashev had no bruises or wounds despite the fact they allege they were beaten by police, Tsvetkov said. Dadayev did have a cracked tooth and handcuff marks on his wrists. Nemtsov, one of President Vladimir Putin's most outspoken critics, was shot in the back on a Moscow bridge as he walked with his girlfriend near the Kremlin in February 27. The three suspects visited by Tsvetkov deny they are guilty and have appealed their arrests, he said. Putin has condemned Nemtsov's killing and ordered three law enforcement agencies to investigate, the Kremlin has said. He also wrote to Nemtsov's mother, saying he shared her grief, and promised to bring those behind the killing to justice. CNN's Matthew Chance and Alla Eshchenko reported from Moscow, and Steve Almasy wrote from Atlanta. CNN's Elwyn Lopez and Karen Smith contributed to this report. | Zaur Dadayev says he was tortured while he was in custody and, because he was scared, he confessed . Two other suspects reported they were tortured . All three tell officials they are innocent . |
After returning home after the Boer War, where did Wade work as a clinical tutor? | In 1900, in response to a national call for volunteer doctors to serve in the Boer War, Wade enlisted as a civilian surgeon and was posted to join the Royal Scots Fusiliers at the 1st General Hospital in Wynberg. He went on to serve at the 1st General Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. He was awarded the Queen's Medal with four clasps. On his return home after two years, Wade became clinical tutor under Professor Francis Mitchell Caird, Professor of Clinical Surgery at Edinburgh University. At the same time, he was appointed as a demonstrator in anatomy and then pathology at the University of Edinburgh. In 1903, he was appointed museum conservator at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and became a fellow of the college. | After returning home, Wade worked as a clinical tutor at Edinburgh University. |
Given this paragraph about Selena Gomez, how many siblings does she have? | Selena Marie Gomez was born on July 22, 1992, in Grand Prairie, Texas, to Ricardo Joel Gomez and Texas-born former stage actress Mandy Teefey. She was named after Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla, who died in 1995. Her father is of Mexican descent, while her mother, who was adopted, has Italian ancestry. Gomez's paternal grandparents emigrated to Texas from Monterrey in the 1970s. Of her heritage, Gomez has said she is "a proud third-generation American-Mexican" and "My family does have quinceañeras, and we go to the communion church. We do everything that's Catholic, but we don't really have anything traditional except go to the park and have barbecues on Sundays after church." Gomez was fluent in Spanish until age seven. Her parents divorced when she was five years old, and she remained with her mother. Gomez has two younger half-sisters and a younger stepbrother: Gracie Elliot Teefey, through Mandy and her second husband, Brian Teefey, and Victoria "Tori" and Marcus Gomez, through Ricardo and his second wife, Sara. She earned her high-school diploma through homeschooling in May 2010. | Selena has 2 half-sisters and 1 stepbrother. |
What is exchange rate? | In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another currency. Currencies are most commonly national currencies, but may be sub-national as in the case of Hong Kong or supra-national as in the case of the euro. | Exchange rate is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged at for another currency. Most countries have their own national currency. However, some currency are sub-national such as Hong Kong; some are supra-national such as the euro. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Clive Palmer has been slammed by social media users after publicly urging Prime Minister Tony Abbott to commit suicide. During a press conference at Parliament House, the outspoken crossbench MP was commenting on Mr Abbott's claim that Mr Palmer was preventing his senators voting in favour of the government's higher education overhaul. 'There’s a million students going to tertiary education in this country, there’s a million more that’s about to go, and a million more that’s just left, they’ve all got parents,' Mr Palmer told reporters. 'So commit suicide Tony Abbott, you know,' the Palmer United Party leader said, as he chuckled. Clive Palmer has been slammed after publicly urging Prime Minister Tony Abbott to commit suicide . Mr Palmer tweeted an apology soon after his comments were broadcast, to set the record straight . When challenged as to whether the comment was a respectable point to make, Mr Palmer said that it was not a debate and clarified that he had meant 'political' suicide. 'It's suicide, political suicide to go against the will of what's good for the Australian people,' he said. His comments have garnered criticism on social media, with Twitter users labelling the statement flippant, horrific, appalling and sickening. 'I'm stunned an elected official, paid by taxpayers, thinks it's OK to invite the PM to kill himself,' tweeted one social media user. 'Such an idiot. Watch your words Clive,' said another. One Twitter user suggested renaming the MP 'Facepalmer', another tweeted that 'regardless of intent, it's an absurd statement.' 'So commit suicide Tony Abbott, you know,' the Palmer United Party leader said, as he chuckled . The MP was commenting on Mr Abbott's claim that Mr Palmer was preventing his senators voting in favour of the government's higher education overhaul . Mr Abbott has not commented on Mr Palmer's statement . Mr Palmer tweeted an apology soon after his comments were broadcast, to set the record straight. 'Today I inadvertently used the term suicide in regard to Tony Abbott when I meant political suicide. I apologise for any offence caused,' Mr Palmer wrote. One Twitter user backed the MP, urging social media users to 'calm down' as Mr Palmer intended the comments to refer to political suicide. Mr Palmer has made light of mental health issues in public comments before, including an incident in 2013 when he told Queensland Premier Campell Newman to 'take his medication and calm down'. The PUP leader referred to Mr Newman as 'a nice little fellow with a bipolar condition (who) sometimes doesn't take his medication'. Readers seeking support and information about suicide prevention can contact Lifeline on 13 11 14 or the Suicide Call Back Service on 1300 659 467. His comments have garnered criticism on social media, with Twitter users labelling the statement flippant . Mr Palmer's statement attracted a flurry of comments, with many calling his comments appalling . Some social media users found the humourous side the of situation and made light of his comments . 'Today I inadvertently used the term suicide in regard to Tony Abbott when I meant political suicide. I apologise for any offence caused,' Mr Palmer wrote . Mr Palmer told Queensland Premier Campell Newman to 'take his medication and calm down' in 2013 . | Palmer United Party leader Clive Palmer told Mr Abbott to commit suicide . The MP was referring to the PM's claim he was influencing crossbenchers . He was challenged as to whether this was an appropriate comment to make . The PUP leader clarified that he meant committing 'political' suicide . Mr Palmer has since apologised on Twitter and said he meant no offense . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Christian Benteke is a doubt for Belgium's Euro 2016 qualifiers against Cyprus and Israel after limping out of Aston Villa's defeat to Swansea with a hip problem. The injury appears to be a recurrence of the one that kept Benteke out of the FA Cup victory over West Bromwich Albion. He took a tablet painkiller in the second-half after needing treatment following a fall and was replaced by Andi Weimann with 15 minutes left. Aston Villa striker Christian Benteke could miss out on international duty with Belgium after being injured . He appears to have suffered from a recurring hip injury that previously sidelined him against West Brom . Tim Sherwood was unable to clarify how severe the injury might prove, with assessment taking place after the final whistle. The Villa manager was also concerned that Tom Cleverley was forced off after 25 minutes with an apparent groin problem. He already has an injury list that includes Ron Vlaar, Philippe Senderos, Nathan Baker, Kieran Richardson, Aly Cissokho, Matt Lowton, and Libor Kozak. On Benteke, Sherwood said: 'He's had a problem with his hip. In the end he had to come off because it was too sore to continue. I don't know how bad it is, he's being assessed now by the physios. It's a concern. 'But we've got two fit defenders in the whole club. Hopefully this two-week international break lets the phsyios work some magic.' Aston Villa boss Tim Sherwood currently faces a long-list of injured players as his side battles relegation . Among those injured is club captain, Dutch defender Ron Vlaar (right), pictured here against QPR . | Aston Villa forward Christian Benteke suffered a hip injury against Swansea . He could miss out on international duty for Belgium against Cyprus and Israel . Benteke's injury is the latest of a long-list for relegation battlers Aston Villa . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Health officials say people should eat less sugar. But that's easier said than done. Anyone who has tried cutting down on sugar knows to avoid cookies, sodas and candy. But sugar can be hidden in lots of other common packaged foods. The World Health Organization finalized guidelines Wednesday saying people should keep intake of added sugars to just five to ten per cent of overall calories, which translates to about 25 to 50 grams of sugar a day for most people. Scroll down for video . Be warned: According to experts, many supermarket soup varieties can contain up to two teaspoons of sugar in just one can . The guidelines don't apply to naturally occurring sugars in fruits, vegetables and milk, since they come with essential nutrients. In the U.S., adults get about 11 to 15 per cent of their calories from sugar; the figure for children tops that at about 16 per cent. By comparison, sugar intakes ranges in Europe from about seven per cent in Hungary to nearly 25 percent in Portugal. But research indicates that many people aren't aware of how much sugar they're eating every day. In fact, that's one reason the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is proposing the first overhaul of nutrition labels in two decades. In addition to highlighting the number of calories per serving in a bigger, bolder font, the new proposed labels would also for the first time list sugars that are added by manufacturers. Healthy? While salad might seem like the healthy option, the dressings used to add flavor to them are often loaded with sugars . In the meantime, though, companies don't currently disclose how much of the sugar listed in the nutrition panels of their products are from added sugars rather than naturally occurring ones. According to health experts, many everyday food products, which some might perceive to be completely healthy, are actually loaded with hidden sugars. Salad dressings, soups, yogurts and cereals have all been named as some of the worst offenders when it comes to sugar content; the popular Deluxe French salad dressing from Wish-Bone, for example, has four grams of sugar per serving - meaning it has around one teaspoon of sugar for every two tablespoons of dressing. Similarly, Progresso's Rich and Hearty Beef Pot Roast contains four grams of sugar per serving which means there are approximately two teaspoons of sugar in every can. 'In reality, we find (these sugars) in the majority of products,' Francesco Branca, who heads the World Health Oganization's Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, said. SALAD DRESSING: Picking a salad over a ham sandwich seems like a virtuous choice. But the amount of sugar it comes with can vary depending on the dressing you put on top of it. Wish-Bone's Deluxe French salad dressing, for instance, lists four grams (about one teaspoon) of sugar per serving (two tablespoons). SOUP: A cup of soup of soup is comforting thought, but even savory varieties can have sugar. A can of Progresso's Rich and Hearty Beef Pot Roast has four grams (about one teaspoon) of sugar per serving, with a can containing two servings. YOGURT: Another seemingly healthful choice that can come with lots of sugar. Some of the sugar is naturally occurring from the dairy, but companies add sweeteners too. A container of Chobani's 0% Fat Greek yogurt in black cherry flavor lists 17 grams (about four teaspoons) of sugar. BREAD: That toast you're about to smother with jam might've already been a little sweetened. A store brand of enriched white bread at the convenience store chain Duane Reade listed two grams (about half a teaspoon) of sugar for per serving (two slices). PEANUT BUTTER: It depends on the variety you pick, but peanut butter can come with added sugar too. Skippy's Super Chunk variety lists seven grams (almost two teaspoons) of sugar per serving (two tablespoons). CEREAL: Most people know that cereal has sugar, especially the varieties for kids. In some cases, you might be surprised that there isn't much difference between options. Special K with Red Berries, for instance, has nine grams (more than two teaspoons) per serving (one cup), while Frosted Flakes has ten grams (more than two teaspoons) of sugar per serving (3/4 cup). FROZEN MEALS: In case it wasn't clear by now, just because it's not dessert doesn't mean it doesn't have added sugar. California Kitchen's BBQ Chicken microwavable pizza has seven grams (almost two teaspoons) of sugar in a single-serving pie. | The World Health Organization is urging people to cut down on the amount of sugar they consume each day to between 25 and 50 grams . One can of soup can contain as much as two teaspoons of sugar, while some salad dressing has one teaspoon of sugar in every two tablespoons . |
What factors contributed to the decline of AI research in the 1970s? | TThe first AI winter 1974–1980
In the 1970s, AI was subject to critiques and financial setbacks. AI researchers had failed to appreciate the difficulty of the problems they faced. Their tremendous optimism had raised expectations impossibly high, and when the promised results failed to materialize, funding for AI disappeared. At the same time, the field of connectionism (or neural nets) was shut down almost completely for 10 years by Marvin Minsky's devastating criticism of perceptrons. Despite the difficulties with public perception of AI in the late 70s, new ideas were explored in logic programming, commonsense reasoning and many other areas.
The problems
In the early seventies, the capabilities of AI programs were limited. Even the most impressive could only handle trivial versions of the problems they were supposed to solve; all the programs were, in some sense, "toys". AI researchers had begun to run into several fundamental limits that could not be overcome in the 1970s. Although some of these limits would be conquered in later decades, others still stymie the field to this day.
Limited computer power: There was not enough memory or processing speed to accomplish anything truly useful. For example, Ross Quillian's successful work on natural language was demonstrated with a vocabulary of only twenty words, because that was all that would fit in memory. Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy. With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS). As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS.
Intractability and the combinatorial explosion. In 1972 Richard Karp (building on Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem) showed there are many problems that can probably only be solved in exponential time (in the size of the inputs). Finding optimal solutions to these problems requires unimaginable amounts of computer time except when the problems are trivial. This almost certainly meant that many of the "toy" solutions used by AI would probably never scale up into useful systems.
Commonsense knowledge and reasoning. Many important artificial intelligence applications like vision or natural language require simply enormous amounts of information about the world: the program needs to have some idea of what it might be looking at or what it is talking about. This requires that the program know most of the same things about the world that a child does. Researchers soon discovered that this was a truly vast amount of information. No one in 1970 could build a database so large and no one knew how a program might learn so much information.
Moravec's paradox: Proving theorems and solving geometry problems is comparatively easy for computers, but a supposedly simple task like recognizing a face or crossing a room without bumping into anything is extremely difficult. This helps explain why research into vision and robotics had made so little progress by the middle 1970s.
The frame and qualification problems. AI researchers (like John McCarthy) who used logic discovered that they could not represent ordinary deductions that involved planning or default reasoning without making changes to the structure of logic itself. They developed new logics (like non-monotonic logics and modal logics) to try to solve the problems.
The end of funding
See also: AI winter
The agencies which funded AI research (such as the British government, DARPA and NRC) became frustrated with the lack of progress and eventually cut off almost all funding for undirected research into AI. The pattern began as early as 1966 when the ALPAC report appeared criticizing machine translation efforts. After spending 20 million dollars, the NRC ended all support. In 1973, the Lighthill report on the state of AI research in England criticized the utter failure of AI to achieve its "grandiose objectives" and led to the dismantling of AI research in that country. (The report specifically mentioned the combinatorial explosion problem as a reason for AI's failings.) DARPA was deeply disappointed with researchers working on the Speech Understanding Research program at CMU and canceled an annual grant of three million dollars. By 1974, funding for AI projects was hard to find.
Hans Moravec blamed the crisis on the unrealistic predictions of his colleagues. "Many researchers were caught up in a web of increasing exaggeration." However, there was another issue: since the passage of the Mansfield Amendment in 1969, DARPA had been under increasing pressure to fund "mission-oriented direct research, rather than basic undirected research". Funding for the creative, freewheeling exploration that had gone on in the 60s would not come from DARPA. Instead, the money was directed at specific projects with clear objectives, such as autonomous tanks and battle management systems.
Critiques from across campus
See also: Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Several philosophers had strong objections to the claims being made by AI researchers. One of the earliest was John Lucas, who argued that Gödel's incompleteness theorem showed that a formal system (such as a computer program) could never see the truth of certain statements, while a human being could. Hubert Dreyfus ridiculed the broken promises of the 1960s and critiqued the assumptions of AI, arguing that human reasoning actually involved very little "symbol processing" and a great deal of embodied, instinctive, unconscious "know how". John Searle's Chinese Room argument, presented in 1980, attempted to show that a program could not be said to "understand" the symbols that it uses (a quality called "intentionality"). If the symbols have no meaning for the machine, Searle argued, then the machine can not be described as "thinking".
These critiques were not taken seriously by AI researchers, often because they seemed so far off the point. Problems like intractability and commonsense knowledge seemed much more immediate and serious. It was unclear what difference "know how" or "intentionality" made to an actual computer program. Minsky said of Dreyfus and Searle "they misunderstand, and should be ignored." Dreyfus, who taught at MIT, was given a cold shoulder: he later said that AI researchers "dared not be seen having lunch with me." Joseph Weizenbaum, the author of ELIZA, felt his colleagues' treatment of Dreyfus was unprofessional and childish. Although he was an outspoken critic of Dreyfus' positions, he "deliberately made it plain that theirs was not the way to treat a human being."
Weizenbaum began to have serious ethical doubts about AI when Kenneth Colby wrote a "computer program which can conduct psychotherapeutic dialogue" based on ELIZA. Weizenbaum was disturbed that Colby saw a mindless program as a serious therapeutic tool. A feud began, and the situation was not helped when Colby did not credit Weizenbaum for his contribution to the program. In 1976, Weizenbaum published Computer Power and Human Reason which argued that the misuse of artificial intelligence has the potential to devalue human life.
Perceptrons and the attack on connectionism
A perceptron was a form of neural network introduced in 1958 by Frank Rosenblatt, who had been a schoolmate of Marvin Minsky at the Bronx High School of Science. Like most AI researchers, he was optimistic about their power, predicting that "perceptron may eventually be able to learn, make decisions, and translate languages." An active research program into the paradigm was carried out throughout the 1960s but came to a sudden halt with the publication of Minsky and Papert's 1969 book Perceptrons. It suggested that there were severe limitations to what perceptrons could do and that Frank Rosenblatt's predictions had been grossly exaggerated. The effect of the book was devastating: virtually no research at all was done in connectionism for 10 years. Eventually, a new generation of researchers would revive the field and thereafter it would become a vital and useful part of artificial intelligence. Rosenblatt would not live to see this, as he died in a boating accident shortly after the book was published.
Logic and symbolic reasoning: the "neats"
Logic was introduced into AI research as early as 1959, by John McCarthy in his Advice Taker proposal. In 1963, J. Alan Robinson had discovered a simple method to implement deduction on computers, the resolution and unification algorithm. However, straightforward implementations, like those attempted by McCarthy and his students in the late 1960s, were especially intractable: the programs required astronomical numbers of steps to prove simple theorems. A more fruitful approach to logic was developed in the 1970s by Robert Kowalski at the University of Edinburgh, and soon this led to the collaboration with French researchers Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel who created the successful logic programming language Prolog. Prolog uses a subset of logic (Horn clauses, closely related to "rules" and "production rules") that permit tractable computation. Rules would continue to be influential, providing a foundation for Edward Feigenbaum's expert systems and the continuing work by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon that would lead to Soar and their unified theories of cognition.
Critics of the logical approach noted, as Dreyfus had, that human beings rarely used logic when they solved problems. Experiments by psychologists like Peter Wason, Eleanor Rosch, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman and others provided proof. McCarthy responded that what people do is irrelevant. He argued that what is really needed are machines that can solve problems—not machines that think as people do.
Frames and scripts: the "scuffles"
Among the critics of McCarthy's approach were his colleagues across the country at MIT. Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert and Roger Schank were trying to solve problems like "story understanding" and "object recognition" that required a machine to think like a person. In order to use ordinary concepts like "chair" or "restaurant" they had to make all the same illogical assumptions that people normally made. Unfortunately, imprecise concepts like these are hard to represent in logic. Gerald Sussman observed that "using precise language to describe essentially imprecise concepts doesn't make them any more precise." Schank described their "anti-logic" approaches as "scruffy", as opposed to the "neat" paradigms used by McCarthy, Kowalski, Feigenbaum, Newell and Simon.
In 1975, in a seminal paper, Minsky noted that many of his fellow "scruffy" researchers were using the same kind of tool: a framework that captures all our common sense assumptions about something. For example, if we use the concept of a bird, there is a constellation of facts that immediately come to mind: we might assume that it flies, eats worms and so on. We know these facts are not always true and that deductions using these facts will not be "logical", but these structured sets of assumptions are part of the context of everything we say and think. He called these structures "frames". Schank used a version of frames he called "scripts" to successfully answer questions about short stories in English. | Unrealistic expectations, a lack of funding, the challenge of producing significant results, and the discovery of a number of fundamental limitations that AI scientists could not overcome in the 1970s all contributed to the decline of AI research in that decade |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sergio Aguero is a modern day football genius who always plays the game with a smile on his face, according to Manchester City team-mate Frank Lampard. Lampard says he is quite an intense player who can get quite down if things are not going his way, but revealed the Argentina international is quite the opposite. Aguero has been in good form this season, scoring 23 goals in all competitions, and City will hope he is at his best again this week when they travel to the Nou Camp in the second leg of their Champions League tie with Barcelona. Frank Lampard says Sergio Aguero always plays and trains with a smile on his face . City players train ahead of their second leg game with Barcelona . Frank Lampard (middle) warms up during training ahead of his final game at the Nou Camp . Manuel Pellegrini's side trail 2-1 after the first leg in Manchester and face an up hill task if they are to overhaul the La Liga leaders. Lampard in Match of the Day magazine: ‘Football comes easy to him – he bounces into training without a care in the world, then plays like a genius. I’m intense about my football and if I have a bad day I can get quite upset, so it’s always nice to see someone like Sergio, who also has bad days but just smiles it away!’ After spending 13 years at Chelsea, Lampard moved north to Manchester City and says he is getting on well with his new teammates. Lampard would like to play more games for Manchester City before he heads to play in MLS . Lampard has had some memorable moments at the Nou Camp with Chelsea . Match of the Day magazine is available now . He added: ‘I get on with them all but David Silva is a fantastic bloke. I’ve loved him as a footballer from afar, but when you meet him you realise how humble he is.' Lampard will head Stateside at the end of the Premier League to link up with new MLS franchise New York City FC and so this is likely to be his last game at the Nou Camp. He added: ‘It’s one of football’s great arenas. I’ve had the runaround there, but I’ve also been fortunate to have some of my best nights there. The old stadium, the size of it, the fans – you can feel the magic and the history. I’ll be delighted to go back. ‘Football is like a religion in Spain, but what I will say is that all the Spanish players who come here never stop talking about how great it is to play football in England – the fans, how every stadium you go to has a great atmosphere, so we can't complain.’ And with Lampard’s time in England coming to an end, he is able to look back on his years in the Premier League with fondness – even though he would like a few minutes on the pitch before he heads to New York. He said: ‘I’d like to play more minutes and games – that would be a start! Football is not always about fairytales, but my career as a whole has been a fairytale. I never dreamed I’d get to win the Champions League with Chelsea and play for my country over 100 times. I’m pretty happy with that.’ For the full interview with Frank Lampard make sure you pick up a copy of Match of the Day Magazine, which is on sale between March 17-23 . | Sergio Aguero makes football look so easy, according to Frank Lampard . Manchester City trail Barcelona 2-1 in the Champions League . Lampard would like to play more games for City before he joins New York . READ: Aguero fails to make Yaya Toure's dream XI... See who's in here . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's the perfect home for those who never want to grow up. The ultimate wooden treehouse has now been unveiled in Turin, Italy, in the style of a 'living forest'. Architect Luciano Pia said he wanted his '25 Shades of Green' project to combine the childhood dreams of owning a treehouse with the modern practicalities of living in a city. Scroll down for video . Magical: Italian architect Luciano Pia has designed the apartment block in the style of a treehouse . 'A living forest': The trees inside the property were picked to have the right mix of foliage and blossom throughout the year . The steel structure, with 63 flats inside, has a rooftop garden and trees growing out of the walls. Mr Pia said he wanted to create an outdoor feel for the building, which has been three years in the making. 'I wanted to give people the chance to escape having to look all the time at Turin's urban sprawl and to create a multi-storey natural alternative', he said. The seasonal progression of the 150 trees planted around the property create a 'microclimate' within the building, steadying extreme temperatures during the winter and summer months. Each species of plants was chosen carefully to make sure there was a rich variety of colour and blossom depending on the time of year, and in total the trees are capable of absorbing close to 200,000 litres of carbon dioxide an hour. Stand out: The striking development has its own 'microclimate' inside, thanks to the trees planted around . The project is also very environmentally friendly, making use of the latest developments in technology with heating and cooling systems that utilise geothermal energy with heat pumps, and rainwater is collected and 'recycled' to water the green. Mr Pia added: 'This natural absorption brings pollution protection only to residents, but in the city is also helping to eliminate harmful gasses caused by cars. Bright: The metal structures are designed to look like trees, which 'grow' from the groundfloor to the roof . 'I also placed the trees so that they can to a certain extent absorb some of the harsh sounds from the bustling streets outside.' 'The plants' full foliage blocks rays of sun during the summer while letting in warm light during the winter. 'The building has 63 flats each benefiting from the terraces and vegetation just beyond their windows and walls.' Outside: Architect Luciano Pia said while the wood filters the light in summer, in winter they allow light to filter into the house . Grand: Natural wood is used throughout the property, creating a rustic feel . | Architect Luciano Pia has unveiled the structure in his hometown of Turin . The '25 Shades of Green' project combines eco living with stylish city living . Beautiful apartment block has 63 flats and 150 trees planted throughout . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Carlos Mars, 19, is facing assault and weapons charges . Police have arrested a 19-year-old student in connection with a stabbing at Morgan State University that left three football players injured. Police said Wednesday that Carlos Mars has been charged with assault and weapons charges. The stabbing happened Tuesday afternoon when a fight broke out between two groups of students at the Baltimore-based campus. Police say two men were slashed, one across the chest and one in the back, and a third student suffered abrasions. Charging documents show that a witness told investigators that Mars 'repeatedly and aggressively' stabbed another student in the chest during a fight. But Mars told investigators he 'swung his knife around in a wild manner' to keep students away from his friend, who also was involved in the fight. Police say Mars remains in jail. It was the third instance of violence on the Baltimore campus in less than a week. The players were taken to hospitals and their injuries were not considered to be life-threatening, police said. University spokesman Clint Coleman said one of the players was slashed across the chest and another was cut on the arm. Police place a person of interest in a police cruiser for transport from a scene where a stabbing took place at Morgan State University . An investigator peers into a trash can at a scene where a stabbing took place. It's the third incident of violence at Morgan State University in a week . He said a third person was cut on the cheek; police said a third person was stabbed in the back. The reason for the discrepancy was not immediately clear. It's not clear what started the fight. This is the third instance of recent violence. On Friday, a male student was stabbed with scissors by his roommate after an argument over the cleanliness of their dorm room. Early Saturday, an on-campus party was broken up after fights started. School officials held a campus meeting Tuesday night to talk about what happened. 'We expect you as students to take responsibility for your own behavior and actions,' University president David Wilson told those in attendance. Two groups of people got into a fight outside a dining hall on the Morgan State University campus, and some football players were stabbed by someone swinging a knife wildly, police and college officials said . History: Morgan State is the largest historically black university in Maryland and has about 6,000 students . Earlier Tuesday, Wilson sent an email to students that declared 'This is not Morgan!' Kevin Banks, vice president for student affairs, repeated that assertion. 'The stuff you've seen on TV the past few days is not Morgan State University,' Banks said. Wilson also said no text alerts were sent to students immediately after the stabbing because 'the general public was not in imminent danger because this was a fight between known parties and not a random act of violence.' But Freshman Shakia Marine, 20, who did not attend the campus meeting, said she is a little worried about the latest spate of violence. 'My godfather has concerns about me coming here,' Marine said. 'There needs to be more security guards walking around. After today, it made me feel scared. My roommate said we should get some Mace to protect ourselves. I think the school needs to take more action. It's not the first time something like this has happened.' Morgan State is the largest historically black university in Maryland and has about 6,000 students, according to its website. Rules: Morgan State says a zero tolerance policy for fighting is now in effect and violators will be suspended . | Carlos Mars is currently being held at the city jail . Initially police believed that three people had been stabbed . The first victim was stabbed in his chest while the second was stabbed in the back and buttocks . It's the third incidence of violence at the university in less than a week . |
Which book of Douglas Hofstadter won the Pulitzer Prize? | Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American scholar of cognitive science, physics, and comparative literature whose research includes concepts such as the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. His 1979 book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid won both the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction and a National Book Award (at that time called The American Book Award) for Science.[note 1] His 2007 book I Am a Strange Loop won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Science and Technology. | Douglas Hofstadter's book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid won the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lasting love: The star with husband Grant Roffey . Having forged a career starring in Hollywood blockbusters and packed theatres, people might assume Julie Walters to be brimming with confidence. But the veteran star has revealed that when it came to romance in her younger years, she relied on a helping hand from alcohol to bring her out of her shell. The mother-of-one, 65, has admitted that before meeting her husband Grant Roffey, 57, thirty years ago, she had never had sex while sober. However, now she has been diagnosed with a yeast allergy she almost never drinks and, on the rare occasions she does, hates the effect it has on her health. In a candid interview, she also reveals she is finding it increasingly difficult to learn her lines, a problem she has increasingly found as she stars in new series Indian Summers. The Mamma Mia! star met Mr Roffey while she was starring in a production of Macbeth and began a whirlwind romance almost immediately but they only married in 1997, 11 years into their relationship. Talking to Saga magazine, she has said how their first encounter ended with a drunken tryst and that, at that time in her life, she always needed to drink before being able to have sex. She described how she and a friend had drunk three bottles of champagne before bumping into her future husband at a bar in Leicester. She said: ‘It was full of Hooray Henries. I remember saying, “I bet nobody here’s a member of the Labour Party.” And he turned round and said, “Well I am, actually.” ‘“Cor, you’re massive! Look at this bloke’s neck. God, it’s as big as my thigh!” I was so embarrassing. We started talking about God knows what, and when Ros [her friend] and I left he said, “I’ll see you home.” And we staggered out with him. ‘So we walked Ros home, then he walked me home. I said, “Come in!” He said, “No, it’s all right.” I said, “Come iiiiinnn! I’ve got a bottle of Beaujolais Nouveau!” He moved in and never moved out. It was instant for me. ‘I remember saying, “Do you want my children?” That first night – terrible things! – it was driven by alcohol. I was shy like that. Who’d have sex without alcohol? Especially the first time. He was really sweet about it. Before we were together, I don’t think I’d ever done it sober.’ While she might owe her happy marriage to alcohol, she now hardly touches a drop due to a yeast allergy. She explains that she had always felt ill after drinking but assumed it was the same for everyone. It was only well into adulthood that a doctor suggested an allergy test that revealed the true cause. The actress met her husband in 1986 and began a whirlwind romance almost immediately. Pictured, Julie flaunts her sexy side that same year in comedy Car Trouble . She said: ‘If I were to have Marmite, it would just take the roof of my mouth right off. Anything with yeast makes my eyes go funny, makes me a bit wheezy. ‘And before, when I’d had a few drinks, the next day I’d always have these flu-like symptoms. I thought everybody had those, and I was telling this gynaecologist … and she suggested a skin test to see if I was allergic to anything. And the yeast went, whoo! So now I know.’ Even so, she still occasionally has the odd glass of champagne if she needs a quick boost of confidence. She said she never drinks, ‘except, say, if I got on Graham Norton where you have to be jolly with people you’ve not met before, and I have a glass of champagne. But I don’t like the effect on my body.’ This is not the only problem alcohol has caused for her health. Ever since she entered menopause at the age of 50, she had been unable to sleep after drinking. She has spoken before of her struggles with menopause and again said how she continues to suffer with hot flushes after 15 years. She said: ‘It was like a chimney and came from the base of my spine. I was doing this TV called Murder, and every take there’d be, “Stop, she’s having a flush!” The actress also revealed she is finding it difficult to learn the lines for current Channel 4 series Indian Summers, in which she plays Cynthia (pictured) ‘At the National I’d come off stage for a quick change and have to shout, “Garth, the tray!” And this guy would come with this big tin tray and fan me. Harry Potter, I was in a wig and padding, and they had to put this big tube of air conditioning in my face.’ A more pressing issue caused by her advancing years is a difficulty with learning her lines. Veteran star Michael Gambon, 74, recently announced his retirement from the stage because of his fading memory and Dame Judi Dench, 80, has previously revealed she takes supplements to help her memory. While still perfectly capable of working, Miss Walters said it has started to become a concern, especially for her part in Channel 4 series Indian Summers. She revealed she flew out a week early to the set to give herself time to commit her role to memory. She said: ‘I’m too old now to just go out there and start shooting. I worked out how many days and hours of jet lag. Otherwise I’d never remember the lines. ‘I have to learn things ahead of time now, which I’ve never had to do in my life. The night before, I’d just have a look and lie in the bath and think, “Oh yes, right”. The next day I would hardly look at my lines, and they’d be there. Now? I’m going through them, going through them.’ | Star says she relied on alcohol when it came to romance in younger years . Mother-of-one admitted that before meeting her husband Grant Roffey thirty years ago, she had never had sex while sober . She also reveals she is finding it increasingly difficult to learn her lines . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Bundesliga club Cologne has been ordered to pay a heavy fine and close part of its stadium for three home games following crowd disturbances involving its fans. The German football federation (DFB) says Cologne must pay £143,000 (200,000 euros) and close two standing areas for league games against Hoffenheim, Bayer Leverkusen and Schalke. Cologne has also had its ticket allocation for away games reduced, and all tickets for away games have to be personalized to the end of the season. Cologne fans in white jumpsuits run away from police after running onto the pitch in Monchengladbach . After being kicked and punched repeatedly the fans are led away by heavily armed police . Some fans looked seriously hurt after they were beaten by both police and rival supporters . The punishment comes after crowd disturbances at Duisberg in the German Cup on October 28, and at the Rhine derby at Borussia Monchengladbach on February 14, when flares were set off and masked Cologne supporters wearing white overalls stormed the pitch, leading to violent scuffles with security staff and police. | Cologne have been punished for violent scenes where fans stormed pitch . Club have to close two standing areas for three upcoming home games . German football federation has also fined Cologne £143,000 . Away fans from the club have allocations cut and tickets personalised . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Everton boss Roberto Martinez has stressed there has been no decision yet and that the 'right' one will be made with regard to Ross Barkley's possible participation for England Under-21s at the European Championships in June. Earlier this week it was reported that Martinez would rather 21-year-old Toffees midfielder took this summer off to recharge his batteries than be part of Gareth Southgate's Young Lions squad for the tournament in the Czech Republic. Martinez in January said he did not think Barkley, given he has already featured for England's senior side at the 2014 World Cup, then being involved in tournaments like Euro 2015 could be 'positive for him or the rest of the (Under-21) squad'. Roberto Martinez has said he will work with the FA to ensure the 'right' call is made for Ross Barkley . But the Spaniard was also not ruling anything out, emphasising Everton's close relationship with the Football Association and Southgate. And when asked about the matter on Wednesday, Martinez said once again: 'Our relationship with the FA is very good. Barkley could be part of the Young Lions squad that will travel to the Czech Republic in the summer . Martinez has previously said he is not sure whether Barkley moving to the U21s would be a positive move . 'At the end of the matter it is going to be (about) what's best for the player and for the Under-21s in general. 'We are facing the most important period of the season for the team and for the player, so you can imagine that there is no decision that can be taken now. 'But our relationship with the FA and Gareth Southgate in this case is very close, and we are going to make the right decision based on what is going to happen between now and the end of the season and the needs that there are from the England team.' | Ross Barkley could play for the England U21s in June . Roberto Martinez had previously advised against his involvement . Martinez has a good relationship with Gareth Southgate and the FA . CLICK HERE for all the latest Everton news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson is convinced Harry Kane can make his mark with England after calling him into the senior squad for the first time. Kane has scored 26 goals for Tottenham this season and is in the squad for the Euro 2016 qualifier with Lithuania a week on Friday and the friendly with Italy four days later. England’s head coach said: ‘The whole country is excited to see Harry Kane, his rise has been fantastic. Scroll down for full squad . Harry Kane rounds Rob Green to score for Spurs against QPR earlier this month . The Tottenham striker has been in superb form, earning his call-up with a string of impressive displays . ‘He has broken in to the Tottenham team and it would be a surprise if he was not selected. ‘We welcome him into the fold. Some have gone on to really establish themselves. ‘I know what Mauricio (Pochettino, the Tottenham manager) would say about him and Gary Neville has been on a training course with his assistant recently. ‘I worked with the Under 21s for two or three days so I know about Harry Kane. We know about him and what he can do on a football field. ‘He deserves his chance. We are happy he is going to be with us. ‘I would be a bit disappointed if there was someone on the list that I didn’t have the confidence of the courage to play him. ‘As a player who has not been in the squad he has to show he belongs there. We have had six straight wins, the players have done a good job.’ Goalkeepers . Fraser Forster (Southampton) Joe Hart (Manchester City) Defenders . Leighton Baines (Everton) Gary Cahill (Chelsea) Nathaniel Clyne (Southampton) Kieran Gibbs (Arsenal) Phil Jagielka (Everton) Phil Jones (Manchester United) Luke Shaw (Manchester United) Chris Smalling (Manchester United) Kyle Walker (Tottenham Hotspur) Midfielders . Ross Barkley (Everton) Michael Carrick (Manchester United) Fabian Delph (Aston Villa) Jordan Henderson (Liverpool) Adam Lallana (Liverpool) James Milner (Manchester City) Raheem Sterling (Liverpool) Andros Townsend (Tottenham Hotspur) Theo Walcott (Arsenal) Forwards . Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur) Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) Daniel Sturridge (Liverpool) Danny Welbeck (Arsenal) Kane has scored eight times in 10 games for the England Under 21s, earning promotion to the senior squad . Roy Hodgson named his England squad for the games against Lithuania and Italy on Thursday . Fabian Delph has been included in the England squad after a series of good displays for Aston Villa . Delph won his first caps last year when he played under Hodgson in the Euro 2016 qualifiers . Hodgson also spoke about his future and admitted that he did not want to outstay his welcome as national team coach beyond his present deal, which ends in 2016. He added: ‘What I really want to do is the job I am contracted to do. I hope this team and this group of players will develop. I believe we will be in a good position to qualify. 'I am pleased the major disappointment of the World Cup will be behind us. 'This is a magnificent job. At the moment the players and the people who employ me are comfortable, I don’t need to look forward to anything else. I don’t want to outstay my welcome.’ England top their qualifying group after winning all four of their opening fixtures ahead of the Lithuania game . Wayne Rooney converts a penalty against Slovenia in England's last competitive game, which they won 3-1 . | Tottenham striker Harry Kane is handed first senior England call-up . Kane has scored 26 times for his club already this season . England take on Lithuania at Wembley a week on Friday . Roy Hodgson's men travel to Italy for a friendly four days later . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal defender Hector Bellerin is in line for a new contract following his breakthrough into the first-team. The Gunners want to tie the right-back down to a new long-term deal after a string of impressive displays in replacing the injured Mathieu Debuchy. Bellerin's current deal expires in 2017, but he is now set to extend his stay at the Emirates Stadium. Hector Bellerin has been in the Arsenal first team of late, and will be rewarded with a contract extension . The young defender is now a key part of Arsene Wenger's first team squad after some impressive displays . It is common practice at Arsenal to hand improved contracts to young players who make a consistent impact on the first-team. The 19-year-old has made 17 appearances for the club already this season, firmly establishing himself as a regular member of Arsene Wenger's first-team squad. The news casts further doubt over Carl Jenkinson's career at the Emirates Stadium. With Mathieu Debuchy out injured, Bellerin has become the club's reliable full back ahead of Calum Chambers . Bellerin started against Manchester United in the FA Cup, as Arsenal rely on him to fill in for Debuchy . The right-back is currently on loan at West Ham, with the east London club are keen to turn his deal permanent. And the emergence of Bellerin, as well as last summer's capture of Debuchy, has pushed Jenkinson further down the pecking order at Arsenal. And the Gunners are likely to listen to offers for the full-back at the end of the season. Carl Jenkinson (left), on loan at West Ham, will be offered to other clubs after falling down the pecking order . | Hector Bellerin has played 17 times so far covering for Mathieu Debuchy . The 19-year-old right back has become a key part of Arsenal squad . Youngster got opportunity after injuries to Debuchy and Calum Chambers . Bellerin's contract expires in 2017, but Arsene Wenger keen to extend it . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tour de France winner Chris Froome has welcomed 24-hour drug testing in cycling. Froome's comments come in the wake of a damning report by the Cycling Independent Reform Commission to address doping in the sport and criticism from Olympic champion Nicole Cooke that the 2013 Tour de France winner was allowed a therapeutic use exemption to compete at the Tour de Romandie last year. 'I for one welcome 24hr testing. It may be an inconvenience but if it can help clean up the sport that I love lets do it,' Froome said on his official Twitter account. Champion cyclist Chris Froome says he would welcome 24hour drug testing in the sport he loves . Froome trains for Team SKY in the mountains of Alcudia, Spain in January . Cooke has called on cycling's governing body, the UCI, to do more to police the 'disturbing grey area' of TUEs and believes Team Sky rider Froome should not have been granted a TUE for a powerful corticosteroid to compete at the 2014 Tour de Romandie after complaining of chest pains. The former Olympic and world road-race champion who retired from cycling two years ago, wrote in The Guardian that UCI president Brian Cookson should apologise to the rest of the riders in the race for failing them. 'I don't think it is at all right that Chris should have the race and prize money taken off him retrospectively, but Cookson needs to issue a very clear message: he should be apologising to the rest of the riders for failing them,' Cooke said. 'That TUE application should not have been approved; Froome and Sky should have had a clear choice of either riding without steroids or pulling out. 'I never found I could be anywhere near the front of a long race when I was ill.' Froome has been criticised for winning the 2014 Tour de Romandie while taking therapeutic drugs . The Sky cyclist's greatest achievement thus far has been winning the 2013 Tour de France . The CIRC report, published on Monday, showed how the culture and previous practices of the UCI allowed Lance Armstrong to cheat, including the retrospective issuing of a TUE to cover up a positive test at the 1999 Tour de France. When the granting of Froome's TUE came to light last June, the UCI and the World Anti-Doping Agency said procedures had been properly followed. But Cooke feels Cookson should not leave himself open to a situation where he could be accused of favouring a Sky rider - 'the Sky team of which Cookson was a founding board member,' she said. However, Cookson said the rules had subsequently been tightened to ensure all TUE applications went through an independent committee. 'Ms Cooke's accusation is simply wrong,' said Cookson, who since ousting Pat McQuaid as UCI president has overseen the CIRC report that sought to shed light on cycling's darkest days and introduced new anti-doping measures. Former Olympic gold medalist Nicole Cooke has criticised Froome for racing while taking therapeutic drugs . 'I made it a firm pledge that I would separate myself from all anti-doping processes, specifically to avoid any potential conflict of interest, both for me personally and for the UCI in its role as governing body for the sport. 'And I have lived up to that pledge. 'When it came to our attention that we were following an outdated procedure, we looked again at our processes and in order to ensure absolute integrity. 'The UCI confirmed in June 2014 that all TUE decisions must pass through the TUE Committee and be approved by three members unanimously, which is a stronger commitment than what is required by the international standard for therapeutic use exemptions. 'This has added an extra layer of accountability to the decision-making process.' | The 2013 Tour de France winner would welcome 24hr drug testing . Chris Froome has been criticised after winning the 2014 Tour de Romandie while being allowed a therapeutic use exemption . Olympic gold medalist Nicole Cooke believes Froome should have the race and prize money taken off him . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Bale rammed some of the ridiculous criticism he has received in recent weeks from Real Madrid supporters back down their throats with a first-half double and the perfect goal celebration. The former Tottenham forward, who scored 22 goals in 44 games in his first season at the club - including strikes that won the Copa del Rey and Champions League final - has had to put up with whistles in his own stadium and a fan poll that had 40 per cent of supporters calling for him to be dropped in recent weeks. When he put Real Madrid ahead on 18 minutes in the 2-0 win over Levante on Sunday night he made sure he left off some steam, covering his ears as he ran to the corner to give the flag a celebratory kick. Gareth Bale celebrates, with obvious relief, after breaking a long scoring drought to put Real Madrid ahead at the Bernabeu . The Welsh winger covers both his ears to demonstrate that he has not been listening to the boos from the Real Madrid fans . Bale ran to the corner flag and kicked it as he let out some pent-up frustration having found the net for the first time since January . Real Madrid's two expensive superstars both celebrate after Bale had diverted Ronaldo's shot into the corner of the net to make it 2-0 . Real Madrid (4-3-3): Navas; Carvajal, Pepe, Ramos, Marcelo; Modric (Illarramendi 78mins), Silva, Isco (Jese 69); Bale, Benzema (Hernandez 82), Ronaldo. Subs not used: Casillas, Nacho, Varane, Kroos. Goals: Bale 18, 40 . Booked: Modric . Levante (4-2-3-1): Marino; Lopez, Navarro, Ramis, Tono; Camarasa, Simao; Xumetra (Garcia 59), Barral, Morales (El Zhar 59); Uche (Casadesus 75). Subs not used: Fernandez, Juanfran, Mari, Sissoko. It was his first goal in nine games but with 16 in 38 this season he remains on course to match last year's haul and the singling out from those jeering supporters and some Madrid-based media had clearly got to him. The only player who did not seem to share his joy was Cristiano Ronaldo. It was his failed bicycle kick that was cleared off the line and came back out for Bale to volley into the top corner. Ronaldo could be seen throwing his arms up in the air at his missed effort both before and after Bale had buried the rebound. It was hardly the action of a man playing solely for his team. The Welshman scored again five minutes before the break, diverting a Ronaldo shot past Diego Marino. Ronaldo's effort looked as if it was going wide and although Bale's touch was slight it was necessary and he was awarded the goal. Bale's first half performance will have silenced those calls for him to be left out of the Real Madrid team. The jeers that have followed him around the pitch in recent weeks could even be heard when his name was read out before this win - although those for rested goalkeeper Iker Casillas and coach Carlo Ancelotti were more noticeable. Bale almost scored inside two minutes, taking a long ball forward down on his chest and volleying it across the face of goal. He looked motivated and buoyed by the return of Luka Modric in midfield - making his first start for over three months. Bale has come in for plenty of criticism from the La Liga crowd in recent weeks, but looked to have found his form at the right time . Karim Benzema tracks Levante's David Navarro as Real Madrid sought to respond after a poor performance against Schalke . Ronaldo cannot mask his frustration after striking the post with an early chance to put Real ahead against Levante . The World Player of the Year endured a difficult first half, with his temper bubbling below the surface despite Real Madrid taking control . It was a Modric shot that Marino pushed out to the edge of the six-yard box that Karim Benzema turned in moments later but all three Real Madrid forwards - Bale, Benzema and Ronaldo - were offside. Modric then took a corner won by Bale and planted it on the Welshman's head only for the effort to go just wide. Bale was everywhere in the first 45 minutes, even popping up on the left and drilling the perfect cross to the edge of the six-yard box where Ronaldo somehow managed to fail to get enough on the centre and sent it wide. Real Madrid had former Levante keeper Keylor Navas playing against his old team. Casillas will return for next week's visit to the Camp Nou. The stand-in keeper was a spectator for the most part as Real Madrid dominated and Benzema could have made it three in spectacular fashion after the break. He flicked the ball onto the crossbar with a volley from a Ronaldo cross from the right and then caught the rebound again on the volley only to send it tamely wide. Ronaldo also shot straight at Marino five minutes from time and skied an effort from the edge of the six-yard box in injury time. It wasn't his night but it had been Madrid's. They moved to within a point of Barcelona with the victory. It brings to an end a run of two defeats and a draw and sets them, and Bale, up perfectly for next week's potentially season-deciding Clasico. VIDEO Bale was more motivated - Ancelotti . Ronaldo nicks the ball past Levante's Ivan Lopez as Real Madrid prepared for next weekend's Clasico with a win . This acrobatic Ronaldo volley was headed off the line, before Bale volleyed in the rebound to give Real Madrid the lead . Ronaldo and Bale embrace after the second goal, but the Portuguese forward's immediate reaction has been criticised . Isco takes on Simao down the left hand side while Benzema waits for the Spaniard to deliver a cross at the Bernabeu on Sunday night . Levante goalkeeper Diego Marino gets up ahead of Bale to claim a cross, but the keeper could do nothing about the Welshman's goals . Dani Carvajal holds off the challenge of Kalu Uche on what proved to be a comfortable night for the home side in La Liga . Ronaldo sees a shot saved by Marino on a night where he looked desperate to score, but found his way constantly blocked . | Gareth Bale scored for the first time in 10 games to put Real Madrid ahead after 18 minutes . Bale then deflected a Cristiano Ronaldo shot into the corner of the net for his second before half time . Ronaldo appeared not to celebrate after his team-mate's goal on a frustrating night for the Ballon d'Or winner . Luka Modric made his first start for Real Madrid since November after injury . READ: Sergio Ramos leaps to the defence of Cristiano Ronaldo after Ballon d'Or winner doesn't celebrate with team . CLICK HERE for all the latest Real Madrid news . |
What is hot pot? | Hot pot or hotpot (simplified Chinese: 火锅; traditional Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot'), also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock. | Hot pot is a traditional Chinese dish that you put all kinds of food such as sliced beef/lamp, seafood, vegetables, meatballs into a boiled seasoned soup until they are fully cooked |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Cesc Fabregas has revealed that he is enjoying a 'great moment' at Chelsea as the Spaniard targets Premier League success in his first season with Jose Mourinho's side. Despite a dip in form in recent weeks, Fabregas has been instrumental to Chelsea's domestic campaign, providing the ammunition for fellow summer signing Diego Costa, who has scored 19 Premier League goals so far this season. Mourinho's side have earned a six-point gap at the Premier League summit with a game in hand on nearest rivals Manchester City and Fabregas insists he has 'no reason not to be happy'. Chelsea star Cesc Fabregas has revealed that he is enjoying a 'great moment' for his new club . Cesc Fabregas (right) relaxes in an airport lounge with Spain team-mates Pedro (left) Andres Iniesta, Gerard Pique and Marc Bartra . Despite a dip in form in recent weeks, Fabregas has been instrumental to Chelsea's domestic campaign . He told Spanish newspaper, Marca: 'I am going through a great moment, both personally and athletic. I have no reason not to be happy. I enjoy everything that happens to me. 'I am practically playing every minute for my team and that's what makes me happy. To be important is fundamental. Now we have to fight hard for the Premier League to end a great year. The former Arsenal captain was an unused substitute during Spain's 1-0 Euro 2016 qualifier victory against the Ukraine on Friday, but Fabregas insists he cares more about the team than his place in the starting XI. Fabregas added: 'I do not think I've lost my place in the team because I've never been undisputed, the important thing is the team and if the coach does not put you, it is because they are better.' The 27-year-old midfielder is currently on international duty with Spain, who face Holland on Tuesday . | Cesc Fabregas insists he has 'no reason not to be happy' at Chelsea . Spanish midfielder signed for Jose Mourinho's side last summer . Fabregas has been fundamental to Chelsea's Premier League form . 27-year-old hopes Chelsea can 'fight hard for the Premier League to end a great year' CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray's immediate reward for scoring his 500th career win on Tuesday night was to be presented with a giant green cake that would threaten to add a few inches to any man's waistline. The deeper satisfaction will have been in passing a significant landmark that few manage, and it came with a hard-fought 6-4 3-6 6-3 win over South African Kevin Anderson that sees him into the last eight of the Miami Open. He now faces Austria's 21 year-old world No 52 Dominic Thiem after becoming the 47th man to get 500 wins since the game went completely open to amateurs and professionals in 1968. Andy Murray pretends to take a bite out a celebratory cake presented to him after winning his 500th match . Andy Murray gets pumped up on his way to victory over Kevin Anderson at the Miami Open . Murray completed the 500th victory of his professional career to reach Miami Open quarter finals . Big serving Anderson (left) took the British No 1 to three sets in the Florida sunshine . Federer - 1012 . Nadal - 721 . Djokovic - 625 . Ferrer - 623 . Hewitt - 612 . Haas - 561 . Berdych - 507 . Robredo - 505 . Murray - 500 . That averages out at one per year and it is a fitting testament to Murray's admirable consistency at the top of the game. Only nine active players can claim the same distinction. It was also a day notable for British tennis gaining a second, ready-made top 100 player, as Slovenian-born world No 83 Aljaz Bedene confirmed that he has received British citizenship and will be playing under the Union Jack. After carefully managing not to take a bite from his garish acreage of confectionery Murray contemplated the feat and said, 'It's an amazing feeling, winning matches these days is extremely tough. Murray proudly poses with the cake, saying 'It's an amazing feeling' after reaching the 500 club . A close up of the commemorative cake presented to Murray after the match in Key Biscayne . Murray shakes hands with the towering South African after a hard fought three set battle . Murray speaks to the umpire after being given a time violation during the Masters 1000 tournament . The British No 1 is one of only nine current players to reach the 500 wins milestone (see above) CLICK HERE to read the most memorable moments from Andy Murray's 500 wins . 'It's very pleasing and not something I expected to do when I first came on tour. It's great to do it here in Miami where I spent a lot of time training and put in do a lot of the hard work.' This has been a prosperous tournament for him, and it was a 25th victory at this Masters level event. There was plenty of high quality tennis as he just about defused the power of the giant South African world No 15, despite suffering a lull that saw him fall 0-4 behind in the second set. He will soon be joined in the British ranks by 25 year-old Bedene, who since 2008 has lived in Welwyn Garden City with his girlfriend Kimalie, a pop star in her native land who is a protégée of renowned record producer Jeff Wayne. Bedene attended a citizenship ceremony in Hatfield on Tuesday and will formally receive his passport within the next two weeks and start entering tournaments as a British player. Murray's fiancee watches from the shade of her hat at the tournament in Key Biscayne . Kim Sears was made to wait until the final set before seeing her beau get through to the last eight . However, whether he can play Davis Cup for GB is a different matter, as he has three times been in the Slovenian squad, albeit never having played a 'live' rubber. He is appealing a new rule banning players from representing two nations on the basis that his citizenship application was being processed when it was introduced. Bedene is the most significant British tennis import since Greg Rusedski. An athletic and agile baseliner, he has already been ranked 71 in the world and after being held back by injuries last year ought to be heading into the top 50 before too long. 'This is something I have wanted since the moment I stepped foot in this beautiful country,' he said. ' I feel honoured to be able to compete under the Union Jack on the ATP Tour. Davis Cup is another dream and one I will have to fight for with everything I have.' He is unlikely to figure for GB in July's quarter final against France, especially after the heroics of James Ward against the USA. However, he would be a huge asset in any clay court ties. Slovenian-born world No 83 Aljaz Bedene has received citizenship to play for Great Britain . | Andy Murray defeated Kevin Anderson in the Miami Open fourth round . British No 1 completed the 500th victory of his professional career . The 27-year-old became only the ninth current player to reach milestone . CLICK HERE for all the latest news from the Miami Open . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Man of the moment Harry Kane will be handed his first international start for England in Tuesday's friendly against Italy in Turin. The Tottenham striker continued his sensational breakthrough season by scoring after just 79seconds when he came on as a second-half substitute in England's 4-0 rout of Lithuania in their Euro 2016 qualifier on Friday. The 21-year-old's goal scoring feats, along with injuries to the likes of Daniel Sturridge and Danny Welbeck, have seen Three Lions manager Roy Hodgson opt to play Kane from the start against the 2006 World Cup winners. Wayne Rooney and Roy Hodgson address the media ahead of England's friendly with Italy on Tuesday . England manager Hodgson (2nd left) speaks to his players on the pitch in Turin . Man of the moment Harry Kane (right) looks around Juventus Stadium ahead of the match against Italy . Goal hero Harry Kane (left) will earn his second cap alongside Wayne Rooney (right) in England's attack . Kane celebrates his debut goal during England's 4-0 Euro 2016 qualifier defeat of Lithuania . Speaking to reporters ahead of the game at Juventus Stadium, Hodgson refused to follow Italy coach Antonio Conte by naming his starting line-up but did confirm Kane would play up front alongside captain Wayne Rooney. 'I understand why Antonio has done that because this is a friendly match and it's a time to experiment with players,' he said. 'I'm able to (name my team) but I'm not going to. I can tell you that Harry Kane will make his full debut, playing from the start and Wayne Rooney will captain the team. 'If you really want to know our line-up you will have to wait until tomorrow night when the game kicks off. England assistant coach Gary Neville (centre) entertains the players from his mobile phone . Players crack up after reacting to whatever Gary Neville has been showing them from his phone . The Three Lions stars appeared in high spirits ahead of the friendly match with Italy . The England squad take in the Juventus Stadium as they seek an eighth consecutive victory . Hodgson revealed that the pair have been practicing their partnership together during training, while adding that Tuesday's friendly was an opportunity for fringe players to step to the fore. 'I think it's nice to see the two of them (Rooney and Kane) on the field together,' he added. 'They've played a lot in training and the other night they could have but they didn't because Harry took Wayne's place. 'So I am pleased to see them playing together in this game and Harry certainly deserves his chance.' 'We're looking forward to the game and we are taking it very seriously. 'It's an opportunity for some players that haven't been involved in the European qualifying games to show that they deserve to be in the squad and are good enough to take the place of other players that I've selected before them.' England defenders Ryan Bertrand (left) and Nathanial Clyne take a picture souvenir from Turin . (L-R) Kieran Gibbs, Theo Walcott and Ross Barkley take in the surroundings ahead of Tuesday's showdown . Manchester United captain Rooney expressed his delight at partnering Kane on what will be a 'big night' for the Spurs youngster. 'Its exciting for English football that Harry has come through and has been scoring goals for Tottenham. I hope that continues,' said Rooney. 'It's a big night for him, his first start for England. I'm sure he'll be excited and will go out and give his best. 'Obviously I'm excited to play with him and hopefully we can do well to try and help the team win.' Three Lions captain Rooney expressed his excitement at playing alongside Kane . | England have travelled to Italy for Tuesday's international friendly in Turin . Roy Hodgson's side are six points clear in Euro 2016 qualifying Group E . Tottenham striker Harry Kane will make his first start for the Three Lions . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nine-man Cardiff survived a late Brentford onslaught to dent the home side's promotion charge with a smash-and-grab 2-1 win. All the goals came from goalkeeping blunders in a game which ended with Kadeem Harris and Federico Macheda both seeing red for Cardiff. Andre Gray gave the home side a first-half lead, but goals from Macheda and Alex Revell turned things round for Cardiff. Cardiff's Kadeem Harris was sent off for a reckless lunge on Brentford midfielder Alan Judge . The Welsh club came to west London with a game plan to stifle the fluent Bees by breaking the game up at every opportunity, and Brentford at times looked rattled by their physical approach. Yet the Bees took the lead midway through the first half after a howler by their former stopper Simon Moore, who could only parry Alex Pritchard's dipping free-kick into the path of Gray to bundle home from close range. The hosts should have put the game beyond doubt by the break, only an acrobatic Moore save denying Pritchard's deflected looping shot. Jota also caused havoc down the right flank and Gray twice went close to extending the lead before the break. Brentford striker Andre Gray beats Cardiff goalkeeper Simon Moore (left) to score opening goal . However, the Bluebirds upped the physical stakes after the interval and made Brentford pay for a lacklustre display. Macheda drew them level on 53 minutes when Brentford goalkeeper David Button collided with his own centre-back Harlee Dean and dropped the ball into the path of the Italian, who slid home from 12 yards. And the comeback was complete on 68 minutes when Button raced off his line to intercept a hopeful through ball and was caught in no man's land for Revell to chip home into the empty goal. However, the sheen was taken off the win by two red cards for the Welshmen. Alex Revell (left) celebrates scoring Cardiff's winner with Federico Macheda . Harris, on loan at Griffin Park last season, was the first to go on 78 minutes, having come on as a half-time sub, for a reckless lunge on Bees midfielder Alan Judge. And former Manchester United striker Macheda followed him to the dressing room with minutes remaining for a second yellow card. That sparked a frantic spell of pressure from Brentford which saw James Tarkoswski head over when well placed and Tommy Smith's goal-bound drive blocked by a melee of City bodies as Russell Slade's men held on. Cardiff almost snatched a third deep into stoppage time, but Kenwyne Jones squandered a gilt-edged chance to give the scoreline a flattering feel by blazing over after racing on to a through ball with the home defence committed. CHARLTON 1-3 BLACKBURN . A clinical double from Blackburn striker Jordan Rhodes ensured victory against lacklustre Charlton. It was Blackburn’s third win of the season over Charlton, having already beaten them 2-0 in the reverse fixture and 2-1 in the FA Cup at the Valley. Blackburn keeper Jason Steele takes out Charlton Athletic's Igor Vetokele and gives away a penalty . Alex Baptiste of Blackburn and Igor Vetokele chase after the ball . Gary Bowyer’s side have now lost only one of their last nine games in all competitions, and the win keeps alive slim play-off hopes. Craig Conway was also on target for Blackburn, while Yoni Buyens pulled one back from the spot. Bowyer was delighted with Scottish international Rhodes, and said: ‘I thought his two goals were outstanding quality. The second one is a great piece of poaching and a sublime finish, and the first one is an unbelievable finish from a great bit of quick play from us.’ LEEDS 0-0 NOTTINGHAM FOREST . Dougie Freedman was happy to go home with a draw after Nottingham Forest’s stalemate at Leeds. Forest had won six of their first eight games under the Scot to raise hopes of a late run to the play-offs. There was no denying Forest had the better moments as Chris Burke and Ben Osborn drew smart saves from Leeds keeper Marco Silvestri, but they could not get past the Italian and headed back down the M1 with a point. Freedman said: ‘I’m happy with a point. Because of the run we’re on and the standards we’ve set, we expect to win games. ‘We have to be realistic and to come to Leeds and get a point is a good result. We were the better team, and we had better chances.’ ROTHERHAM 1-2 WIGAN . Wigan kept survival hopes alive as two free-kicks from Jermaine Pennant helped close the gap on Rotherham. The win was Malky Mackay’s side’s fourth straight away victory, and gives them a glimmer of hope ahead of the end-of-season run in. Mackay said: ‘Jermaine’s delivery on both was sensational. It’s not until you look at it again that you see exactly what he did, and how he has executed them.’ Matt Derbyshire pulled one back, but it was not enough to save Rotherham. BIRMINGHAM 1-1 HUDDERSFIELD . Joe Lolley, a product of Birmingham’s academy, returned to St Andrew’s to earn Huddersfield a rare away point with a vital equaliser. Huddersfield Town's Joe Lolley (far right) scores the equaliser against Birmingham . Making only his third start since being signed from Kidderminster for £300,000 a year ago, the 22-year-old justified manager Chris Powell’s decision to play him against his former club when he cancelled out David Cotterill’s opener. Powell said: ‘Joe is a real natural talent, but I would like to see the day when he can last 90 minutes. ‘We are just trying to cajole him. We are trying to get that talent shown regularly out on the pitch.’ SHEFFIELD WEDNESDAY 1-1 FULHAM . Stuart Gray felt his Sheffield Wednesday side should have been given a free-kick for diving in the build-up to Fulham’s equaliser. Fulham striker Matt Smith is surrounded by Sheffield Wednesday players . Fulham midfielder Ryan Tunnicliffe went down in the Wednesday area before poking the ball to goalscorer Matt Smith in the 75th minute. The goal cancelled out a header from Wednesday substitute Stevie May. Gray said: ‘I think the referee shouted play-on because he presumed the lad had dived. That’s what the lads are saying, so if he thought he dived you would have thought he’d have pulled up and given us a free-kick. You’re taught as a kid to play until the whistle goes, and we did seem to stop.’ BOLTON 2-0 MILLWALL . Neil Lennon described Adam Le Fondre as a ‘priceless commodity’ after watching his on-loan striker shoot down Millwall. Bolton's Paddy McCarthy (left) challenges Lee Gregory of Millwall . Le Fondre now has five goals in 10 games since his arrival from Cardiff, and Bolton boss Lennon said: ‘They were two great finishes, and he is our joint second top-scorer and he has only been in the building since late January. ‘It is a priceless commodity being a goalscorer, and he has done that his whole career.’ New Millwall manager Neil Harris admitted: ‘We are in a difficult position, and there are no promises from anyone in the dressing room as to what we are going to do.’ BRIGHTON 1-1 WOLVES . A late goal from Rajiv van La Parra rescued a point for play-off chasers Wolves. Spanish defender Bruno Saltor raised hopes of a fourth successive home win for Brighton, but Wolves hit back to equalise four minutes later when Van La Parra’s cross went in off David Stockdale. The Brighton keeper then produced a brilliant late save to deny Bakary Sako, and Wolves manager Kenny Jackett said: ‘It was a close game, and a fantastic save at the end to deny us. ‘We have to keep pushing. Two teams above us lost and we have two important games coming up. We would have loved three points, but thin dividing lines decide games. ‘A number of clubs are looking for promotion, and it is still open for us.’ | Cardiff survived a late onslaught to win 2-1 at promotion chasing Brentford . Jordan Rhodes scored twice as Blackburn claimed 3-1 win at Charlton . Resurgent Nottingham Forest played out a goalless draw at Leeds . |
What are some modern examples of companies that have harnessed the power of network effects? | In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Network effects are typically positive, resulting in a given user deriving more value from a product as more users join the same network. The adoption of a product by an additional user can be broken into two effects: an increase in the value to all other users ( "total effect") and also the enhancement of other non-users' motivation for using the product ("marginal effect").
Network effects can be direct or indirect. Direct network effects arise when a given user's utility increases with the number of other users of the same product or technology, meaning that adoption of a product by different users is complementary. This effect is separate from effects related to price, such as a benefit to existing users resulting from price decreases as more users join. Direct network effects can be seen with social networking services, including Twitter, Facebook, Airbnb, Uber, and LinkedIn; telecommunications devices like the telephone; and instant messaging services such as MSN, AIM or QQ. Indirect (or cross-group) network effects arise when there are "at least two different customer groups that are interdependent, and the utility of at least one group grows as the other group(s) grow". For example, hardware may become more valuable to consumers with the growth of compatible software.
Network effects are commonly mistaken for economies of scale, which describe decreasing average production costs in relation to the total volume of units produced. Economies of scale are a common phenomenon in traditional industries such as manufacturing, whereas network effects are most prevalent in new economy industries, particularly information and communication technologies. Network effects are the demand side counterpart of economies of scale, as they function by increasing a customer's willingness to pay due rather than decreasing the supplier's average cost.
Upon reaching critical mass, a bandwagon effect can result. As the network continues to become more valuable with each new adopter, more people are incentivized to adopt, resulting in a positive feedback loop. Multiple equilibria and a market monopoly are two key potential outcomes in markets that exhibit network effects. Consumer expectations are key in determining which outcomes will result. | Examples of modern companies that have harnessed the power of network effects include social networking services such as: TikTok, Youtube, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Airbnb, Uber, and LinkedIn. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A man who says he's Mohammed Emwazi's father has reportedly said there is no proof that his son is the masked ISIS killer known as "Jihadi John." "There is nothing that proves what is being circulated in the media, especially through video clips and footage, that the accused is my son Mohammed, who is being referred to as the alleged executioner" of ISIS, Jassem Emwazi told the Kuwaiti newspaper al Qabas. Jassem Emwazi said there are only "false rumors" circulating about his son. The elder Emwazi told the newspaper he has hired an attorney. The lawyer, Kuwait-based Salem Al-Hashash, told CNN on Tuesday that he was representing Jassem Emwazi and planned to file lawsuits against anyone who has claimed that Mohammed Emwazi is Jihadi John. The lawyer called the father a "victim of libel" and said that he would soon hold a news conference. Last week, two U.S. officials and two U.S. congressional sources confirmed to CNN that "Jihadi John" is Mohammed Emwazi, a Kuwaiti-born Londoner. Jassem Emwazi's statements to al Qabas appear to contradict reports this week that his wife recognized Jihadi John's voice as her son's when she saw footage that shows the man, whose face is covered, brandishing a knife and threatening ISIS hostages. Emwazi told British newspaper The Guardian that the stories about the couple recognizing the voice were false. "Lie, lie, lie," he reportedly said. Mohammed Emwazi was born in Kuwait in 1988 and moved to the United Kingdom with his parents and sister when he was six, according to CAGE, an advocacy group for people suspected of involvement in terrorism. CAGE interacted with Emwazi before he joined the terror group, a member has said. CAGE released a recording last week that it said it taped of Mohammed Emwazi in 2009. In that recording, Emwazi is heard talking about been questioned by British intelligence service regarding a July 2005 terror attack in London. CNN's Samira Said, Roba Alhenawi and Nic Robertson contributed to this report. | Jassem Emwazi's attorney tells CNN he will sue people who say son is "Jihadi John" Kuwaiti newspaper: Father of Mohammed Emwazi attacks "false rumors" about his son . |
Extract the name of the country where Djidonou was born. | Born in Domont, France, Djidonou has played club football for Racing Paris, Entente SSG, Red Star, Libourne, Racing Paris and Mulhouse. In June 2013, he signed for Championnat National 2 side Romorantin. | France |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Australian Grand Prix organisers have dismissed suggestions a number of Formula One teams are threatening to boycott the race over safety fears surrounding McLaren. Fernando Alonso's crash during the second pre-season test last month in Barcelona, which rendered the Spaniard unconscious and resulted in a three-day stay in hospital, has left many observers perplexed. To avoid the prospect of second-impact syndrome, Alonso is to sit out next weekend's season-opening grand prix in Australia, returning for the subsequent race in Malaysia on March 29 . Fernando Alonso leaving hospital last month following his crash during testing with McLaren in Barcelona . Alonso was flown away by helicopter following the crash at the Circuit de Catalunya Barcelona . McLaren have categorically made clear there was no car or systems failure that led to the incident at the Circuit de Catalunya on February 22, instead blaming a freak gust of wind. The explanation is seemingly unconvincing to some and it has led to suggestions of concern from other teams, to such an extent talk of a boycott has apparently been mentioned. But Australian Grand Prix Corporation CEO Andrew Westacott has refuted such gossip. Alonso in pre-season testing with McLaren before his crash in Barcelona last month . Speaking to The West Australian, Westacott said: 'We're talking to the teams, Formula One and the FIA multiple times every day and a boycott certainly hasn't been raised or discussed. 'All the teams are coming to Melbourne; they're excited about the start of the new season, the freight is on its way, Formula One personnel are on site at Albert Park setting up the broadcast and from our perspective it's 100 per cent all systems go. 'We hold no fears about anything apart from containing the enthusiasm of the Australian public across the four days.' | Organisers dismiss suggestions that F1 teams are threatening boycott . Fernando Alonso's pre-season crash left him hospitalised for three days . |
Tell me about Hong Kong | Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world.
Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resumed after the surrender of Japan. The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. As one of China's two special administrative regions (the other being Macau), Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems".
Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. As of 2021, it is the world's ninth-largest exporter and eight-largest importer. Hong Kong has a market economy characterised by a focus on services, low taxation and free trade; its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population. Most notably, housing in Hong Kong has been well-documented to experience a chronic persistent shortage; the extremely compact house sizes and the extremely high housing density are the effects of Hong Kong's housing market being the most expensive housing in the world.
Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.952, ranking fourth in the world. The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space has led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90%. Hong Kong is ranked 3rd in the Global Financial Centres Index. | Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world.
Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resumed after the surrender of Japan. The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. As one of China's two special administrative regions (the other being Macau), Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems".
Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. As of 2021, it is the world's ninth-largest exporter and eight-largest importer. Hong Kong has a market economy characterised by a focus on services, low taxation and free trade; its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population. Most notably, housing in Hong Kong has been well-documented to experience a chronic persistent shortage; the extremely compact house sizes and the extremely high housing density are the effects of Hong Kong's housing market being the most expensive housing in the world.
Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.952, ranking fourth in the world. The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space has led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90%. Hong Kong is ranked 3rd in the Global Financial Centres Index. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The interior walls of training complexes are invariably decorated with motivational slogans. Simple truisms to feed the mind on days when the body is weak. For Craig Gordon, the old wisdom – fail to prepare, then prepare to fail – is more a way of life than a fleeting thought. To the uninitiated, tomorrow’s final will be settled over 90, maybe 120 minutes, with the lingering possibility of penalty kicks. Celtic keeper Craig Gordon is fully focused ahead of the Scottish League Cup Final with Dundee Utd. But, long before the first ball is kicked in earnest, the Celtic goalkeeper fully expects to be ahead in the battle of wits. While much of what will transpire between Celtic and Dundee United will be random and instinctive, Gordon believes his slavish devotion to studying what’s liable to be thrown at him can significantly shorten the odds on his side coming out on top. ‘Every game,’ he replied when asked how frequently he’d dip into video analysis. ‘Free kicks, penalties, the way strikers like to finish the ball, how they strike the ball. ‘I just look at those things and keep mental notes on how they like to do things and what’s their favourite side. Notes are taken on different players so I know. All of that stuff. Gordon fails to hold the ball allowing Rodrigo Palacio of Inter Milan to score in the Europa League . ‘It’s about taking that research out on the training pitch, too, and practicing for who you’re going to be playing against - a team that likes to put a lot of low, early crosses into the box, for example. ‘For the Rangers game, it was deep early crosses hung up to the back post so we focused our training around that. That played out during the game too as I was able to come and take the deep crosses that were taking the pressure off. Between all of us we come up with a plan for the game.’ And when that plan comes together in the form of a victory and a clean sheet? Gordon will be hoping to celebrates his first showcase occasion since Hearts earned cup glory in 2006 . ‘Absolutely, it’s satisfying,’ Gordon added. ‘It becomes a team effort with Woodsy (Stevie Woods, the goalkeeping coach) and the video analysis guys to ensure we’re as well prepared as possible. And that’s not just me - John Collins does it with midfielders and defenders, so it’s preparation. ‘What we’re trying to do is make the game as easy as possible for us so we know what we’re coming up against.’ Celtic have not reinvented the wheel with their forensic approach. Nine years ago, Gordon played in the Scottish Cup Final for Hearts against Gretna – his last major final as it would transpire. Few neutral observers fancied the Borderers to go the distance that day but they did just that. Gordon’s intervention in the final chapter was key, however. As Hearts hit four perfect kicks, he saved from Derek Townsley before watching Gavin Skelton sky the eighth and final kick over the top. Celtic goalkeeper Gordon celebrates their goal during the Scottish Premiership match against Aberdeen . ‘I had a fair idea of most of the Gretna penalty takers,’ he recalled. ‘I had seen penalties from them. Most were from memory. With penalties, nowadays everyone does their homework.’ That stop from 12 yards not only allowed Gordon to lift the only major honour of his career to date - it cemented his reputation as one of the finest goalkeepers Scotland has produced. When a £9million move to Sunderland was completed a year later, it seemed he’d spend half his life on the winner’s podium. Little did he realise at the time, how unique those scenes of celebration would prove. A year ago, with the road back from injury seemingly never ending, the chance of another fix of the winning feeling seemed fanciful. ‘I probably didn’t appreciate at the time like I should have done - playing in a cup final, winning a cup,’ he reflected. Celtic keeper Gordon speaks with referee Craig Thomson after the Scottish Cup quarter final . ‘Albeit it’s a different competition this Sunday but it’s still to win a cup, I probably did think it would come around again, that I’d get another chance. ‘I haven’t been close until now so I’m going to enjoy this one a little bit more, but then I’ll only really enjoy it if we win the match. ‘It’s not something I’ll look back on fondly if we don’t. Certainly I want to take it in a little more this time.’ Gordon is beaten by Rangers striker Nacho Novo during Hearts' 3-2 defeat at Ibrox Stadium in Glagow . Hearts’ 2006 Hampden triumph was obviously memorable. Yet lurking just beneath the surface lay a sense of regret. George Burley’s side had started the campaign like a train but being unbeaten and top of the league in October wasn’t enough to shield him from Vladimir Romanov’s axe. John McGlynn took temporary charge before Graham Rix arrived. In time, he was bulleted to make way for Valdas Ivanauskas. Despite the endless turmoil, Hearts still split the Old Firm, with Rangers nudged into third place. There are those in Gorgie who will go to their graves believing they could have gone one better had it not been for in the insanity of the man at the top. Hearts goalkeeper Gordon during the Bank of Scotland Premier League match against Celtic at Celtic Park . ‘We’ll never know,’ Gordon shrugged. ‘Would more have been achieved? It may have but it may not. You can speculate but no-one at the time could have told if there was more to come from that group of players. It was still a successful time and one I’ll remember fondly for the rest of my years.’ They were, to put it mildly, colourful days. Romanov’s liking for self-harm culminated in Gordon, Steven Pressley and Paul Hartley taking the unusual step of holding a press conference to air their frustrations. The Riccarton Three, as they were dubbed, all lived to tell the tale. ‘It was great days playing in a great team and enjoying playing football,’ Gordon reflected. ‘They’re the things people remember when you finish. Gordon in action during the Tennents Scottish Cup Semi Final between against Celtic at Hampden Park . Gordon and Andrew Driver celebrate in front of the fans as Hearts beat Hibernian 1-0 at Easter Road . ‘It was a really good team and when that team gets back together it’s a special time for the Hearts fans because they were packing out the ground every week and winning most matches at home and scoring lots of goals. ‘There was always a downside but on the other side of that we were quite successful on the pitch. It was a good team. ‘Whatever went on elsewhere was something which didn’t really affect us. That was because of the strength of the characters we had. Gordon throws his gloves in to the crowd following the Premier League match with Kilmarnock . ‘There are players from that team and some really good characters. Quite a few of that team have gone into management and will probably continue to do so.’ While Hartley, Pressley and Robbie Nielson have done just that, Gordon still has many races to run as a player. Still in contention for three trophies as Celtic’s No1, a nine-year wait to feel a winner’s medal around his neck again could be emphatically bookended in the coming weeks. Ronaldinho celebrates scoring past goalkeeper Gordon during a pre-season friendly at Murrayfield Stadium . ‘It’s hard, we have played a lot of games already,’ Gordon added. ‘But that’s something you have to deal with when you’re fighting on so many fronts. Trying to win three trophies is going to take its toll but these are the games you have to get through and recover well between times. ‘Up until now we’ve managed it pretty well. Even when we’ve not been playing well we’ve still managed to get through and get the results. ‘I don’t think that’s a problem. It’s part and parcel of having a successful season. It’s something you have to deal with and we will.’ Scottish goalkeeper Gordon in goal for Sunderland after his £9million exit from Hearts back in 2007 . So far, he’s dealt with just about everything that been cast his way. From the cynics that felt signing a long-term crock to replace Fraser Forster would only end one way, to the strikers in Scotland and across Europe who have found him back to his imperious best. It’s not taken long for the smoke signals to be seen down south either. Chelsea have been linked with a move for the 32-year-old as back-up for Thibaut Courtois this summer. But surely Gordon, who effectively still has a two-year tie to Parkhead, has spent enough time watching football these past three years to not voluntarily do so again? ‘Who says I couldn’t be No1, like?’ he laughed. ‘It’s flattering but I’ll just concentrate on doing what I’m doing and we’ll see what happens after that.’ | Craig Gordon preparing for his first final appearance since 2006 . Goalkeeper tasted victory in the Scottish Cup final with Hearts . Back then Gordon had a big future ahead of him impressing for Scotland . Injury hit spell with Sunderland put pay to his regular silverware dreams . |
How is a circular economy different than the USA's economy? | A circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. CE aims to tackle global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution by emphasizing the design-based implementation of the three base principles of the model. The three principles required for the transformation to a circular economy are: eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. CE is defined in contradistinction to the traditional linear economy. The idea and concepts of circular economy (CE) have been studied extensively in academia, business, and government over the past ten years. CE has been gaining popularity because it helps to minimize emissions and consumption of raw materials, open up new market prospects and principally, increase the sustainability of consumption and improve resource efficiency.
At a government level, CE is viewed as means of combating global warming as well as a facilitator of long-term growth. CE may geographically connect actors and resources to stop material loops at the regional level. In its core principle, the European Parliament defines CE as, “a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.”
In a linear economy, natural resources are turned into products that are ultimately destined to become waste because of the way they have been designed and manufactured. This process is often summarized by "take, make, waste". By contrast, a circular economy employs reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, reducing the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions. The circular economy aims to keep products, materials, equipment and infrastructure in use for longer, thus improving the productivity of these resources. Waste materials and energy should become input for other processes through waste valorization: either as a component for another industrial process or as regenerative resources for nature (e.g., compost). The Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) defines the circular economy as an industrial economy that is restorative or regenerative by value and design. | A circular economy focuses on the principles of eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and the regeneration of nature. In contrast, most capitalistic economies are called "linear" in that raw materials are turned into products which are eventually discarded. While a circular economy focuses on sustainable consumption on an Earth with limited resources, linear economies like the USA's implicitly assume a never-ending supply of raw material inputs. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nigel Pearson has vowed Leicester will not 'lie down' at Manchester City as they battle for survival. The Foxes head to the Etihad on Wednesday bottom of the Barclays Premier League and four points from safety. City have won just two of their last seven top flight games as they battle Chelsea for the title and lost 2-1 at Liverpool on Sunday. Nigel Pearson leads his players in training on Monday as they prepare to face Manchester City . Andy King, Danny Drinkwater and Esteban Cambiasso (L-R) get put through their paces at Belvoir Drive . Leicester manager Pearson insisted Manuel Pellegrini's men still carry the same threat to his side but believes the Foxes are ready for the fight. He said: 'They are a very talented squad and there's always going to be scrutiny. People have told me they are in a bit of a sticky spell, a sticky spell for them isn't one for us. 'Success is relative, they have two players to each position and have quality there, whatever side they put up against you will have quality. 'But they will be aware we have some dangerous players, what we have to do is show weren't not just a capable side but one which isn't going to go anywhere and lie down.' January signing Andrej Kramaric (right) challenges for the ball during Leicester's training session . Robert Huth and David Nugent (L-R) could both start for Pearson's side at the Etihad on Wednesday . Kasper Schmeichel is out with a broken foot but is expected to return this month after being sidelined since December. Pearson has a fully fit squad otherwise as they battle the drop having won just two of their last 21 league games. The manager has been pleased with their level of performance though and they almost snatched a win at Everton last time out before conceding a late Matt Upson own goal to draw 2-2. And Pearson insisted Leicester still hold belief they can survive this season. 'We have been bottom since November and the players have put in some really good performances. That's a show of resilience in itself,' he said. Midfielder Cambiasso (left) chases down Drinkwater as the relegation-threatened Foxes prepare . 'As the season wears on the pressure builds, you can't get away from that. My job is to keep the players freed up in their minds so they can go and play. I do believe there is a lot of belief in the dressing room that we can turn the situation around. 'As I have already pointed out the players playing as well as they can is the acid test, my job as manager is to allow them to do that. 'We have belief in ourselves and time will tell. There aren't any easy games but we have to show we have plenty of character and quite a bit of ability, what we have to do is transfer it into points.' | Leicester are four points adrift at the bottom of the Premier League . Manager Nigel Pearson wants to turn good performances into points . He insists his side will not 'lie down' against champions Manchester City . The Foxes take on Manuel Pellegrini's men at the Etihad on Wednesday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fernando Alonso has been given the final green light to return to Formula One action in this weekend's Malaysian Grand Prix. For the first time since his accident in pre-season testing in Barcelona in mid-February, Alonso will step back into his McLaren for Friday practice at the Sepang International Circuit. The double world champion sustained concussion from the crash at the Circuit de Catalunya which forced him out of the final test, as well as the season-opening race in Australia 11 days ago. Fernando Alonso gives the thumbs up as he is given the green light to race at the Malaysian Grand Prix . Alonso looks in good spirits as he arrives at the Sepang International Circuit . Alonso missed the first race of the year after crashing during pre-season in Barcelona . Alonso shakes hands with a member of the McLaren team in the garage . But following a considerable amount of speculation over his future, and numerous tests, the Spaniard has cleared the final hurdle via an FIA medical inspection in Sepang. An FIA statement read: 'In accordance with normal procedures, McLaren-Honda driver Fernando Alonso was this morning (Thursday) examined by the FIA medical delegate and chief medical officer at the Sepang circuit medical centre. 'During the examination the driver passed all mandatory fitness tests and has thus been declared fit to race in this weekend's Malaysian Grand Prix.' A happy Alonso later tweeted: 'Green light to race. Thanks to @fia and @McLarenF1 for the work, professionalism and help on this last month. #ready.' Williams driver Valtteri Bottas has also been passed fit after suffering a back injury . Bottas will be on the grid for Sunday's Grand Prix in Kuala Lumpur . Williams driver Valtteri Bottas has also been passed fit to drive in Malaysia after undergoing his own medical checks by the FIA. Bottas was forced to sit out Melbourne after sustaining a back injury during qualifying but following rest and rehabilitation, the Finn has been cleared to race. A Williams statement read: 'Following the injury Valtteri sustained to his lower back during qualifying for the Australian GP, he has been with a leading physiotherapist who has been working with Valtteri and his trainer to make sure he received the best treatment possible ahead of this weekend's race. 'The team has always been fully supportive of Valtteri and his determination to return to the cockpit. 'Following final approval by the FIA medical team in Malaysia today (Thursday), we are pleased to confirm Valtteri will be back in the FW37 this weekend for the Malaysian Grand Prix.' Soon after Bottas tweeted: 'Passed the medical tests and I've been given green light from @fia to race this weekend! Lets do it! #WeAreRacing #MalaysianGP #77.' | Fernando Alonso given green light to race in Malaysian Grand Prix . Alonso crashed in pre-season in Barcelona and missed the Australian GP . Williams driver Valtteri Bottas also fit to drive after a back injury . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Out of Europe, out of the FA Cup and on the verge of being out of the Premier League title race, this was the first of nine games Manchester City simply could not afford not to win. Operation siege mentality kicked in shortly after the final whistle of Wednesday's Champions League exit at the hands of Barcelona when Joe Hart faced the cameras in the Nou Camp tunnel. 'I will never give up, ever, and I could safely say that nobody in our dressing room will ever give up either,' said the defiant goalkeeper. Wilfried Bony celebrates after scoring Manchester City's first goal after 25 minutes at the Etihad Stadium . The Ivorian opened his account for the club when he spun inside the box before firing into the net . Manchester City boss Manuel Pellegrini believes his side are capable of catching league leaders Chelsea . 'West Brom is a huge game and we turn our focus to that. We have no excuse not to throw everything at the Premier League now and give our all - to the fans, the owner, to everyone.' His under-fire manager sang from the same hymn sheet in his programme notes. 'It's not impossible for Chelsea to drop six points,' Manuel Pellegrini wrote. 'We have to continue to believe. 'It is nonsense to suggest there is nothing to play for.' The message spread to the home support. They like being the underdogs here (remember last season?) and from the off the masses were behind their team. After 90 seconds they got a boost they could not have dreamed of when referee Neil Swarbrick wrongly sent off Gareth McAuley after last-man Craig Dawson brought down Wilfried Bony on the edge of the area. Neil Swarbrick brandishes a straight red card to a bemused McAuley after just 89 seconds of the match . West Brom players Darren Fletcher and Jonas Olsson protest as Swarbrick shows McAuley the red card . BT Sport showed the incident from referee Swarbrick's perspective, with No 25 Dawson the closest to him . Apparently the joke flying around the Albion training ground is that the lookalike pair are never seen in the same place at the same time. Nobody from the visiting contingent was laughing here. This was time for City to prove themselves and prove to the nation that there is still life left in the title race. Wilfried Bony, with no goals in six outings since his £28million switch from Swansea City, had his own point to make and he did so to break the deadlock, calmly capitalising on a lucky deflection to neatly turn, set himself up and fire the home side into the lead. After help from the referee, City then got some from Albion. For long periods, with a game of attack vs defence taking place, the Etihad resembled a school playground. The woeful defensive mix-up that handed Fernando the second goal on a plate would have caused red faces in the classroom, let alone a Premier League dressing room. The procession continued throughout the second half. In the absence of Yaya Toure, out with an Achilles problem, Frank Lampard probed and created. With West Brom reluctant to leave their own half there were few occasions when Hart, so busy on Wednesday night, had to contemplate taking off his slippers and putting down his pipe. Manchester City midfielder Fernando doubled his side's lead in the 40th minute with a close-range finish . City playmaker David Silva added a third in the 77th minute to complete the rout at the Etihad Stadium . Saido Berahino inexplicably headed onto the bar from close range but other than that there was little to lift the mood of those who had travelled from the Black Country which will have darkened further when David Silva deflected sub Stevan Jovetic's shot home for the third. At times this was City back to their fluent best. Quick short passes and chance after chance against overwhelmed opponents. Too much, however, should not be read into this cakewalk. Tougher challenges will lie ahead and Pellegrini, who believes a lack of goals is what is hurting his team the most, will have been upset by the number of missed chances. But on a sunny, spring afternoon at the Etihad we saw the first shoots of a City recovery which might just see a title challenge blossom. | Man City bounced back from their Champions League defeat by Barcelona . The Barclays Premier League eased to victory against the Baggies . West Brom were reduced to 10 men inside the first two minutes . Pressure was starting to build on Manuel Pellegrini after European exit . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the horrifying moment a bus driver was stabbed in the eye with a Stanley knife by a passer-by. The 41-year-old was driving his route along the high street in Penge, south east London, when the suspect and another man with a dog walked out in front of the bus. The driver challenged the man, who was crossing the road with a young child, after he was forced to slam on his brakes and he proceeded to kick the doors of the bus as it passed. Appeal: Police are trying to trace this man who stabbed a bus driver in the eye with a Stanley knife and ran off . Attack: Metropolitan Police have released these CCTV images in a bid to trace the suspect, who can be seen putting his arm through the cab of the bus and stabbing him . When it stopped at a set of traffic lights further along the road the man is seen running towards the open window of his cab. He then leans inside and attacked the driver with a Stanley knife, causing a puncture wound to his eye before making off. The bus driver was taken to hospital after the incident at about 5pm on June 30 last year to receive treatment for the wound. Metropolitan Police confirmed that the bus driver has been in hospital since the attack. Officers released the CCTV images in a bid to trace the suspect, who they describe as black, thought to be in his early 20s, with afro hair and wearing a bright blue tracksuit. Anyone with information is urged to contact PC Jay Thorn on 020 3054 8978 or Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111 quoting ref 152798. The incident began when the man was crossing the road with a toddler followed by a man with a dog and they stepped out in front of the bus . The man and the child continue to walk in front of the bus while the other man and his dog stay at one side . He steps up onto the pavement where he is challenged by the driver about walking out in front of the bus . The man is caught on camera as he kicks the bus door from behind as it passes on the high street in Penge . The bus driver, who the police have not named, is then seen in his seat while waiting at a red traffic signal . The suspect runs up to the side of the bus while it's waiting in traffic at about 5pm on June 30 last year . CCTV footage then shows the man punching his arm through the open window of the bus driver's seat . He is armed with a Stanley knife, which he uses to stab the bus driver in the eye, causing a puncture wound . The man then makes off down the street. The bus driver was taken to hospital, where he remains receiving treatment and police are still trying to trace the suspect, who they describe as in his early 20s with an afro . | The 41-year-old bus driver was taking usual route along Penge high street . Suspect holding a child's hand and a man with a dog walked in front of bus . Driver forced to slam on brakes and challenged man, who kicked bus doors . When bus stops at traffic lights he leans in cab and stabs driver in the eye . Man escaped down road and driver was rushed to hospital for treatment . Police released CCTV in a bid to trace suspect, described as in early 20s . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Spanish press has laid into Real Madrid, and in particular the world's two most expensive players, Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale, after their defeat to Barcelona on Sunday. AS showed a picture of Ronaldo missing from four yards, with the headline 'they missed and they paid for it', while Marca went with Bale's reaction and the line 'so many misses'. Both Madrid-based papers emphasise Real's superiority during the game, with AS claiming they 'dominated while Modric lasted', and attacking Bale for 'failing again'. AS say Real 'missed and they paid for it' while Marca highlight Madrid's dominance and their misses . Marca (left) refused to give Gareth Bale a rating, while AS said his performance was worth only 4.5 out of 10 . Marca went even further, refusing to give the Welshman a mark in their player ratings. He scored 4.5, the lowest of all the players, from AS. Marc were more kind to the rest of the Real players, claiming Madrid 'overwhelmed Barca for 45 minutes, don’t finish them off and end up against the ropes'. Both papers also feature Spaniards playing in England on their front pages, with Juan Mata's spectacular volley at Anfield, and Diego Costa's withdrawal from the Spain squad, making the headlines. However, elsewhere in Spain, in the Barcelona-based papers in particular, the focus was on the gap Luis Enrique's team have opened up at the top of La Liga. Sport label the result a blow to Madrid, while Mundo Deportivo describe it as a 'two-faced Clasico' which saw Barca move four points clear. Mundo Deportivo highlight Barcelona's four point lead at the top of La Liga, while Sport call it a 'blow to Madrid' In Italy the focus was on Carlos Tevez, who scored a stunning goal to keep Juventus winning. The Serie A champions beat Genoa thanks to the former Manchester City and United striker, leading Corriere dello Sport to observe it is 'always Tevez'. Carlos Tevez's goal dominates the front pages in Italy, while Roma's return to winning ways is also mentioned . | Barcelona beat Real Madrid 2-1 at the Nou Camp . Spanish papers focus on Real's dominance, but Barca open gap at the top . Bale blasted for failing again, while Ronaldo missed glorious chance . Welshman so bad he is given no mark in Marca match ratings . READ: Five things we learned from El Clasico . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lewis Hamilton, the winner of Sunday’s Australian Grand Prix, has told Formula One’s cynics that the rules of the sport should not be ripped up to slow him down. The world champion was replying to Red Bull team principal Christian Horner, who called on the FIA to limit the superiority of Hamilton’s Mercedes team to make the season a more even fight. Horner’s view was supported on Monday by Bernie Ecclestone, the sport’s commercial boss, who said: ‘Red Bull are 100 per cent right. Lewis Hamilton celebrates his Australian Grand Prix win after he finished ahead of team-mate Nico Rosberg . The British Formula One star appeared in good spirits as he was pictured at Sydney Airport on Monday . ‘There is a rule I think (former FIA president) Max Mosley put in that in the event of a particular team or engine supplier doing something magic, which Mercedes have done, the FIA can level up things. Mercedes have done a first-class job. We need to change things a little bit now. ‘What we should have done was frozen the Mercedes engine and leave everybody else to do what they want so they could have caught up. We should support the FIA to make changes.’ The indications were that the FIA, the sport’s rule-makers, will not rush to act on Ecclestone’s words, which may have been intended primarily to soothe Red Bull, whose motorsport adviser Helmut Marko said they might walk away in light of rules that ‘will kill the sport’. Hamilton, celebrating his 34th career victory in Melbourne, detected an irony in Red Bull’s criticism. Also on the podium was Ferrari’s Sebastian Vettel who, as a Red Bull driver, won four consecutive championships from 2010. On Sunday it was third-placed Vettel’s turn to finish more than half a minute behind Hamilton and his Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg. Hamilton and Rosberg finished more than half-a-minute ahead of third-placed Sebastian Vettel on Sunday . Hamilton sprays champagne after winning the opening race of the year; his seventh win from the last eight . VIDEO Hamilton cruises to victory in Australian GP . Hamilton said: ‘I was sitting next to Sebastian after the race and I said: “Sebastian, you did this for four years. You were 30 seconds ahead. So I know how it must have felt back then.” ‘He had nobody behind pushing him. At least I’ve got my team-mate, who I was really racing. I don’t remember that ever being the case with Red Bull.’ Ouch, even though Mark Webber did sometimes push Vettel, and not all of the German’s championships were comfortable, with his first title coming down to a four-way decider in Abu Dhabi. Hamilton added: ‘If you want to put someone in the same car, there is no doubt where I would be finishing. People say it’s all the car. Well, it’s a big team that built this car. I’m the one who has to get in and extract the best from it. There has never been a driver that has won the championship that hasn’t had a great car that year. There’s nobody who had a Marussia and won the world championship, is there? Fangio still had a great car.’ Former Red Bull racer Mark Webber interviews his old boss Christian Horner ahead of Sunday's race . Horner's Red Bull have threatened to withdraw from the sport if changes are not implemented . Hamilton’s views will be shared by those who believe Mercedes should be allowed to reap the rewards for their hard work, but Red Bull’s Marko said: ‘We will evaluate the situation again in the summer. If we are totally dissatisfied, we could contemplate an F1 exit. ‘Yes, the danger is there that Mr Mateschitz (the owner) loses his passion for F1.’ Meanwhile, Ecclestone has said Manor must pay for not putting out a car in Melbourne. The team, who blamed software problems for not turning a wheel, believed they had met the terms of their contract and would collect £28million in prize money by turning up in Australia. But Ecclestone said: ‘They had no intention of racing. Zero.’ 1. Lewis Hamilton (Britain) Mercedes 1:31:54.067 . 2. Nico Rosberg (Germany) Mercedes +00:01.360 . 3. Sebastian Vettel (Germany) Ferrari 00:34.523 . 4. Felipe Massa (Brazil) Williams-Mercedes 00:38.196 . 5. Felipe Nasr (Brazil) Sauber - Ferrari 01:35.149 . 6. Daniel Ricciardo (Australia) Red Bull - Renault 1 lap . 7. Nico Hulkenberg (Germany) Force India - Mercedes 1 lap . 8. Marcus Ericsson (Sweden) Sauber - Ferrari 1 lap . 9. Carlos Sainz Jr (Spain) Toro Rosso - Renault 1 lap . 10. Sergio Perez (Mexico) Force India - Mercedes 1 lap . 11. Jenson Button (Britain) McLaren 2 laps . r. Kimi Raikkonen (Finland) Ferrari 18 laps . r. Max Verstappen (Netherlands) Toro Rosso - Renault 25 laps . r. Romain Grosjean (France) Lotus - Mercedes 58 laps . r. Pastor Maldonado (Venezuela) Lotus - Mercedes 58 laps . r. Daniil Kvyat (Russia) Red Bull - Renault 58 laps . r. Kevin Magnussen (Denmark) McLaren 58 laps . ns. Valtteri Bottas (Finland) Williams-Mercedes . (rank: r = retired, nc = not classified, ns=not started) Fastest Lap: Lewis Hamilton,01:30.945, lap 50. | Lewis Hamilton says rules should not be changed to limit his superiority . Red Bull has called on FIA to make alterations with Mercedes leading way . And F1 chief Bernie Ecclestone believes 'Red Bull are 100 per cent right' Ecclestone says the FIA should be supported in order to make changes . |
What is the definition of Vegetarian? | "Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter.
Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, economic, taste-related, or relate to other personal preferences." | Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). |
By what percentage of vote margin did Ralph Northam win over Aneesh Chopra in the 2013 election for Governor of Virginia? | Northam ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2013 election. Northam competed against U.S. Chief Technology Officer Aneesh Chopra for the Democratic nomination. On June 11, 2013, Northam won the Democratic primary over Chopra with 54% of the vote to Chopra's 46%.
On November 5, 2013, Northam was elected as Virginia's 40th Lieutenant Governor over Republican E. W. Jackson, receiving 55% of the vote to Jackson's 45%. Northam was the first Democrat since Tim Kaine in 2001 to be elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. | 8 percent |
Can you extract the different types of salts and sugars listed in the below text and show them as a bulleted list. | In consumer marketing, it is difficult to find examples of undifferentiated approaches. Even goods such as salt and sugar, which were once treated as commodities, are now highly differentiated. Consumers can purchase a variety of salt products; cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes, and many more. Sugar also comes in many different types - cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar, and a plethora of sugar substitutes including smart sugar which is essentially a blend of pure sugar and a sugar substitute. Each of these product types is designed to meet the needs of specific market segments. Invert sugar and sugar syrups, for example, are marketed to food manufacturers where they are used in the production of conserves, chocolate, and baked goods. Sugars marketed to consumers appeal to different usage segments – refined sugar is primarily for use on the table, while caster sugar and icing sugar are primarily designed for use in home-baked goods. | Here are the different types of salts and sugars mentioned in the text:
1. Salts: cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes
2. Sugars: cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar |
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