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Siloscape mimics CExecSvc.exe privileges by impersonating its main thread and then calls NtSetInformationSymbolicLink on a newly created symbolic link to break out of the container. More specifically, it links its local containerized X drive to the host’s C drive | ['T1611'] |
To check the host language, it queries the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language\ and the value InstallLanguage. If the machine has the value 0419 (Russian), 0422 (Ukrainian) or 0423 (Belarusian), it call ExitProcess to stop executing | ['T1614.001'] |
A custom executable that only contains the Metasploit shellcode. This is used to maintain access to a Meterpreter session. It is saved to C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\msupdateconf.exe, granting the executable persistence. Another custom executable used to execute PowerShell scripts. The Mosquito JScript backdoor that uses Google Apps Script as its C&C server. Privilege escalation using the Metasploit module ext_server_priv.x86.dll [8 | ['T1059.001'] |
After initialization, the code monitors browser activities, looking for online banking sessions. Once these are found, the malware enables the attacker to display an overlay window in front of the victim’s browser to manipulate the user’s session in the background. In this way, the fraudulent transaction is performed from the victim’s machine, making it harder to detect for anti-fraud solutions on the bank’s end. The criminal can also request specific information, asked during the bank transaction, such as a secondary password and token, bypassing two-factor authentication solutions adopted by the financial sector | ['T1185', 'T1185'] |
All the text files are now packed into the archive temp.zip (%temp%\temp.zip) - zip is Base64 encoded (with a custom key, same as that used in the malicious document) and then copied to post.txt - txt is uploaded to the control server | ['T1560', 'T1074.001'] |
Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks . Get Free Account . Join Now . Introduction . TeamTNT is a cybercrime group that targets cloud environments including Docker and Kubernetes instances. TeamTNT has also been spotted using a malicious Docker image which can be found on Docker Hub to infect its victims’ servers. The uniqueness of the recent attack observed by Intezer is the group abuses a legitimate open source tool called Weave Scope to gain full control over the victim’s cloud infrastructure. By installing a legitimate tool such as Weave Scope the attackers reap all the benefits as if they had installed a backdoor on the server, with significantly less effort and without needing to use malware. To install Weave Scope on the server the attackers use an exposed Docker API port and create a new privileged container with a clean Ubuntu image. Once installed, the attackers can connect to the Weave Scope dashboard via HTTP on port 4040 and gain full visibility and control over the victim’s infrastructure. To protect yourself from this attack we recommend to: - Close exposed Docker API ports: This attack takes advantage of a common misconfiguration of the Docker API which gives the attacker full control over the Docker service. Therefore, Docker API ports should be closed or contain restricted access policies in the firewall. Block incoming connections to port 4040: Weave Scope uses default port 4040 to make the dashboard accessible and anyone with access to the network can view the dashboard. Update from Weave Works . Weave Works has since provided this in-depth article on how to prevent malicious attacks using Weave Scope | ['T1133'] |
As of this publication, BRONZE BUTLER demonstrates a preference for concurrently using Datper and xxmm in its operations. CTU researchers identified an xxmm builder for xxmm (see Figure 2), which suggests that the threat actors customize the xxmm malware settings based on the target. T-SMB Scan — This SMB scanning tool was originally published on a Chinese program-sharing website (pudn.com). BRONZE BUTLER removed its help message functionality. After a few minutes, execute the malicious file on the system. Use malware to upload the large list of enumerated files to the C2 server. Use downloaders or other malware to send the new list to a compromised host. Use an uploader or other malware to send the archived files to an attacker-controlled server. Search proxy log files for evidence of web server scanning using the URL patterns associated with BRONZE BUTLER activity. Use an advanced endpoint threat detection (AETD) solution to monitor activity on network endpoints. Also implement strict security controls for privileged accounts such as Active Directory administrator to prevent access by an unauthorized user | ['T1036.005'] |
Upon initial execution, the Windows Registry is checked to determine if DarkWatchman has already been installed. The malware stores its configuration in ‘\\HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\DWM\‘, using registry keys that consist of a uid generated from the serial number of the C: drive and appended with a single digit or character. Installation is denoted by uid + 0 (eg: abc1230) – if the malware does not find a ‘1‘ flag in this key, it runs its install function | ['T1012'] |
This variant uses an 8-byte XOR key to obfuscate API names and other strings within the payload (Figure 5). Figure 5: 8-Byte XOR Key for obfuscation | ['T1027'] |
TrailBlazer is a sophisticated malware family that provides modular functionality and a very low prevalence. TrailBlazer persists on a compromised host using WMI event subscriptions4 — a technique also used by SeaDuke — although this persistence mechanism is not exclusive to COZY BEAR.5 | ['T1001.001'] |
A key trait of NOBELIUM’s ongoing activity over the last year has been the abuse of indirect paths and trust relationships to target and gain access to victims of interest for intelligence gain. In the most recent campaign, this has manifested in a compromise-one-to-compromise-many approach—exploiting the service providers’ trust chain to gain broad access to multiple customer tenants for subsequent attacks. NOBELIUM leverages established standard business practices, to target downstream customers across multiple managed tenants. These delegated administrative privileges are often neither audited for approved use nor disabled by a service provider or downstream customer once use has ended, leaving them active until removed by the administrators. If NOBELIUM has compromised the accounts tied to delegated administrative privileges through other credential-stealing attacks, that access grants actors like NOBELIUM persistence for ongoing campaigns | ['T1199'] |
To avoid being run in sandboxes and emulators, all MegaCortex versions implement file encryption threading based on querying for the number of CPUs in the system. All MegaCortex versions can detect if the binary is running with administrator privileges | ['T1497.001'] |
GALLIUM primarily relies on compromised domain credentials to move through the target network, and as outlined above, uses several credential harvesting tools. Once they have acquired credentials, the activity group uses PsExec extensively to move laterally between hosts in the target network | ['T1570'] |
Before being hashed, the character “0” or “1” is appended to the return value indicating root privileges. This clientID is stored in /Library/Storage/File System/HFS/25cf5d02-e50b-4288-870a-528d56c3cf6e/pivtoken.appex if the code runs as root, or in ~/Library/SmartCardsServices/Technology/PlugIns/drivers/snippets.ecgML otherwise. This file is normally hidden via the _chflags function and its timestamp is modified using the “touch –t” command with a random value | ['T1070.006'] |
After dropping these files to its working directory, the malware attempts to change the attributes of all the files to “hidden” and grant full access to all files in the current directory and any directories below. It does this by executing “attrib +h .”, followed by “icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q | ['T1222.001'] |
The actors used valid credentials obtained using MimiKatz variants to escalate privileges. We’ve observed Mimikatz being executed both from the file system of victim hosts and via PowerShell cmdlets executed via Cobalt Strike BEACON. Actors have gained access to credentials via exported copies of the ntds.dit Active Directory database and SYSTEM and SECURITY registry hives from a Domain Controller | ['T1003.003'] |
We analyzed a new RATANKBA variant that uses a PowerShell script instead of its more traditional PE executable form | ['T1059.001'] |
The story of a Linux miner bundled with pirated copies of VST (Virtual Studio Technology) software for Windows and macOS | ['T1189'] |
FIVEHANDS can receive a CLI argument for a path, this limits the ransomware's file encryption activities to the specified directory. DEATHRANSOM and HELLOKITTY do not accept CLI arguments | ['T1059'] |
TEARDROP is a memory only dropper that runs as a service, spawns a thread and reads from the file “gracious_truth.jpg”, which likely has a fake JPG header. Next it checks that HKU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\CTF exists, decodes an embedded payload using a custom rolling XOR algorithm and manually loads into memory an embedded payload using a custom PE-like file format. TEARDROP does not have code overlap with any previously seen malware. We believe that this was used to execute a customized Cobalt Strike BEACON | ['T1027', 'T1140'] |
However the application is not a service of Yahoo or a legitimate product of McAfee, but a rogue application used by Pawn Storm. Clicking on the “Agree” button would give Pawn Storm an OAuth token and access to the targets’ mailbox. The group then gains access to the mailbox until the token gets revoked by the service provider or the target | ['T1550.001'] |
If this function is successfully loaded, it will ultimately spawn a new instance of itself with the Rundll32Call export via a call to rundll32.exe. The Rundll32Call exported function begins by creating a named event named ‘RunOnce’. This event ensures that only a single instance of DDKong is executed at a given time. If this is the only instance of DDKong running at the time, the malware continues. This ensures that only a single instance of DDKong is executed at a given time. DDKong attempts to decode an embedded configuration using a single byte XOR key of 0xC3 | ['T1218.011'] |
Command_Create&Inject: This command creates a new process (using a supplied filename as the process name) and then injects malicious code into it | ['T1055'] |
In order to encrypt network shares, BitPaymer will attempt to enumerate the sessions for each user logged onto the infected host and create a new process, using the token of each user. For each host, BitPaymer spawns another net.exe process with command net view <host> using the newly discovered host as a parameter. This will return a list of network shares available to the impersonated user on the host. Once a list of all available shares has been gathered, BitPaymer attempts to mount them to be encrypted | ['T1087.001'] |
The threat actors used scripts to create local administrator accounts disguised as legitimate backup accounts. The initial script “symantec_help.jsp” contained a one-line reference to a malicious script designed to create the local administrator account and manipulate the firewall for remote access | ['T1036'] |
This file is a USB file stealer which can be also guessed by its internal name "USBgrabber.dll". However, the implementation is sloppy which makes it a file stealer for any newly connected logical volume on a system. This is because the malware monitors the computer for messages WM_COMMAND and WM_DEVICECHANGE, but not verifying if a USB drive was connected | ['T1025'] |
The job of the smaller of the two JavaScripts is to establish a system autostart mechanism. It accomplishes this by deobfuscating another script, link.js, into %TMP%. Link.js in turn creates a shortcut file "Java(TM) Platform SE Auto Updater.lnk" in the "Startup" special folder pointing to the main backdoor JavaScript | ['T1547.001', 'T1547.009'] |
After the deletion process, the malware gets the function “Wow64RevertWow64FsRedirection” using the function “GetProcAddress” and calls it in a dynamic way to leave the system in the same state as before | ['T1070'] |
The "Office Test" persistence mechanism allows threat actors to execute a Trojan each time a user runs any of the Office applications. This persistence mechanism loads a malicious DLL by leveraging a registry key that appears to be used during the development and testing of Microsoft Office applications. The use of this registry key for persistence is quite clever, as it requires user interaction to load and execute the malicious payload, which makes automated analysis in sandboxes challenging. Low awareness of this persistence method, coupled with the sandbox evasion obtained from user interactions, makes this a potentially attractive persistence method that we believe may be used in future attacks. Unit 42 suggests monitoring for systems that have this registry key already created, as it is possible a threat is already using the key for persistence purposes. Microsoft has added the “Office Test” registry keys to its Autoruns tool for detection purposes as well. Also, we suggest disabling this persistence method by creating the “Office test” registry key in read-only mode as outlined in this blog | ['T1137.002'] |
The malware performs COM hijacking by setting the path to itself to the HKCU\Software\Classes\Folder\shell\open\command key with a DelegateExecute parameter | ['T1546.015'] |
The plugin begins by collecting the username of the running process, and determining if it is running under the SYSTEM account. If running as SYSTEM, the plugin will associate the active desktop with the plugin’s thread | ['T1033'] |
Figure 5: Registry Activity The script then determines the version of Powershell that is being used on the infected system. If the switch associated with the execution of Stage 3 was passed to the 'pre_logic' function at the beginning of this stage, the Stage 3 payload will then be executed immediately | ['T1564.004'] |
When executed, Kwampirs decrypts and extracts a copy of its main DLL payload from its resource section. Before writing the payload to disk, it inserts a randomly generated string into the middle of the decrypted payload in an attempt to evade hash-based detections | ['T1140', 'T1027.001'] |
This process executes a command to maliciously use the legitimate wmic.exe to initialize an XSL Script Processing (MITRE Technique T1220) attack. The attack executes embedded JScript or VBScript in an XSL stylesheet located on a remote domain (qnccmvbrh.wilstonbrwsaq[.]pw | ['T1220'] |
An additional batch script named “dirsb.bat” was used to gather folder and file names from hosts on the network | ['T1083'] |
The malware can be instructed to search for recently-used documents or other interesting files. It can monitor specific directories and removable devices, report any changes and exfiltrate files of the attackers’ choice | ['T1083'] |
The WhiteBear binary loader maintains several features including two injection methods for its (oddly named) “KernelInjector” subsystem, also named by its developer – Standart – WindowInject (includes an unusual technique for remotely placing code into memory for subsequent thread execution | ['T1055.003'] |
The malware then focuses on corrupting the first 512 bytes, the Master Boot Record (MBR) for every Physical Drive. While that should be enough for the device not to boot again, HermeticWiper proceeds to enumerate the partitions for all possible drives | ['T1561.002'] |
The lnk file (WindowsUpdateConf.lnk) executes “C:\Windows\system32\wuauclt.exe” /UpdateDeploymentProvider C:\Wíndows\system32\wuaueng.dll /RunHandlerComServer. This is an interesting technique used by Lazarus to run its malicious DLL using the Windows Update Client to bypass security detection mechanisms | ['T1218'] |
While the most recent samples observed still use batch scripts and SFX files, the Gamaredon Group has moved away from applications like wget, Remote Manipulator Tool, VNC and ChkFlsh.exe. Instead of using wget the attackers are distributing custom developed downloaders, and instead of Remote Manipulator or VNC the malware is using a custom developed remote access implant | ['T1059.003'] |
One of the documents is called “همبستگی عاشقانه با عاشقان آزادی2.doc” (translates from Persian as “Romantic Solidarity With Lovers of Freedom2.doc”) and contains malicious macros that are accompanied by an odd decoy message attempting to convince the victim to enable its content | ['T1204.002'] |
Once the attacker gained access to the network with compromised credentials, they moved laterally using multiple different credentials. The credentials used for lateral movement were always different from those used for remote access | ['T1078'] |
The OilRig group maintains their persistent attacks against government entities in the Middle East region using previously identified tools and tactics. In this instance a spear phishing email was used containing a lure designed to socially engineer and entice the victim to executing a malicious attachment. The attachment was identified as a variant of the OopsIE trojan we identified in February 2018. In this iteration of OopsIE, the general functionality largely remained the same but contained the addition of anti-analysis and anti-virtual machine capabilities to further evade detection from automated defensive systems. Attack Details In July 2018, we reported on a wave of OilRig attacks delivering a tool called QUADAGENT involving a Middle Eastern government agency. During that wave, we also observed OilRig leveraging additional compromised email accounts at the same government organization to send spear phishing emails delivering the OopsIE trojan as the payload instead of QUADAGENT. The OopsIE attack also targeted a government agency within the same nation state, though a different organization than the one targeted delivering QUADAGENT. The email subject was in Arabic, which translated to “Business continuity management training”. The email was sent to an address belonging to a user group, rather than a specific individual’s email address. Evasion Techniques The OopsIE variant delivered in this attack begins its execution by performing a series of anti-VM and sandbox checks. If any of the checks described in Table 1 are successful, the Trojan will exit without running any of its functional code | ['T1497.001'] |
This function converts the given domain to “backdoor”, which can be used to login to the tenant as any user. See Open-AADIntOffice365Portal to use the backdoor | ['T1484'] |
We believe that the injected script came from the Andariel group since the code has similar obfuscation and structure to the sample we previously found from them. The script was used to collect information from visitors’ browser: browser type, system language, Flash Player version, Silverlight version, and multiple ActiveX objects | ['T1592.002'] |
As you can see from the VBScript file, the commands in the script are invoked using the wscript shell. It does two things: it creates a “RunOnce” key in the registry so that the VBScript is executed each time the user logs on the machine (indicating persistence) and second, the VBScript runs the executable file “firefox.exe | ['T1547.001'] |
The task is used to start an IronPython script with the 64-bit version of the interpreter. However, the key didn’t decrypt on any of the embedded files in the scripts we found. The task’s description is PythonUpdateSrvc and it runs either on Windows startup when a user logs in or when one of two system events get created | ['T1053.005'] |
Modify the shortcut that launches Telegram by replacing its path to the one corresponding to ‘exe’, as outlined below | ['T1518', 'T1547.009'] |
We also identified a Tomiris variant (internally named “SBZ”, MD5 51AA89452A9E57F646AB64BE6217788E) which acts as a filestealer, and uploads any recent file matching a hardcoded set of extensions (.doc, .docx, .pdf, .rar, etc. to the C2 | ['T1041'] |
The loader performs a last check to ensure that the operating systems keyboard and language settings are not set to Russian and creates a mutex with a hardcoded name ‘ld_201127’. The latter is to avoid double execution of its own instance | ['T1614.001'] |
The phishing messages were found to contain a Microsoft Word document attachment that uses VBA macros to install LookBack malware. When the attachment is executed, the malicious VBA macro within the Microsoft Word attachment drops three Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) files to the host: tempgup.txt, tempgup2.txt, and tempsodom.txt. Additionally, the file Temptcm.tmp, which is a version of certutil.exe, is dropped to decode the PEM files using Temptcm.tmp. The macro next creates a copy of the decoded PEM files restoring their proper file extensions with the Windows essentuti.exe. Finally, the macro launches GUP.exe and the libcurl.dll loader separately, resulting in the execution of LookBack malware | ['T1059.005'] |
The payload file also checks for the Logmein event log in an attempt to encrypt files in remote machines or servers connected to the victim’s machine. The path to the log file is hard-coded in the payload file, as shown here | ['T1219'] |
Here, we show an example of a PDF campaign as seen from the point of view of the affected user. This malicious PDF only contains a URL to entice the user to view the file. If the user chooses to click on the URL link and to read the actual content of the file, the browser will open a legitimate Google location which will redirect the browser to a malicious document. Browser redirection Finally, the malicious Word document is opened and the VBA macro code is run after the user allows for the editing of the content within Word. This eventually kickstarts the rest of the infection chain, terminates the Word process to hide the original file and opens a new Word instance to display a non-malicious decoy document dropped to the disk drive by one of the previous stages. Malicious Word document The decoy document remains constant throughout the campaign and is likely a side effect of the Threadkit exploit toolkit and cannot be relied upon for attribution. Decoy document opened in Word | ['T1059.005'] |
It then allocates a buffer with PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE protection to store the decrypted code. After the buffers are allocated, the packer checks if a string argument, which will be used as a decryption key, was passed to the AddByGod function. Next, the packer uses the AES256 algorithm with a SHA1 derived key of the passed argument to decrypt the encrypted code. If the decryption is successful, the decrypted code is executed and a second stage payload runs. Luckily, we managed to obtain the password that was needed to execute the binary and decrypt the encrypted payload | ['T1140'] |
It also turns off the Windows Security Center service to prevent alerting the user about the disabled firewall | ['T1562.001'] |
Further into the infection process, the malware chooses a service name randomly from netsvc in order to use it for the payload creation path. The malware then creates a file named bcdbootinfo.tlp in the system folder containing the infection time and the random service name that is chosen | ['T1036.005'] |
AQUATIC PANDA continued their reconnaissance from the host, using native OS binaries to understand current privilege levels as well as system and domain details | ['T1082'] |
While the logo and commands are identical to the original hacktool, the name was changed to OrangeTeghal. To evade security software while deploying this tool on compromised systems, the attackers use a technique revealed at Black Hat EU ‘17 in the presentation Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelgänging. Process Doppelgänging uses NTFS transactions to modify the executable of a seemingly benign process that is suspended right after creation | ['T1055.013'] |
Talos has identified two different infection vectors associated with this particular campaign. The second vector is a trojanized Word document that prompts the victim to enable macros and run a Visual Basic script. In the first scenario, Talos discovered a document named "MinutesofMeeting-2May19.docx", that appeared to display the national flag of Jordan | ['T1059.003'] |
ScreenCapture: It takes screenshots of the infected machine - Download Secondary Payloads: It downloads additional plugins and other malware - Enterprise-aware: It targets administrators and enterprises networks - Infiltrates the Exchange Server: It collects and steal sensitive information from the Microsoft Exchange mail system, including credentials and the domain certificate | ['T1114.002'] |
Other security researchers have tracked these malware families under the names BazarLoader and BazarBackdoor or Team9. This document contains an in-line link to a URL hosting a malware payload. When clicked, these links download malware binaries with file names masquerading as document files. In recent campaigns, the malware payloads have been hosted on numerous URLs associated with one or more of these legitimate services. In addition to the use of common post-exploitation frameworks such as Cobalt Strike, Metasploit and EMPIRE, we have observed the use of other backdoors, including ANCHOR, that we also believe to be under control of the actors behind TrickBot. The attackers have employed Cobalt Strike payloads crafted to maintain persistence through reboot via a scheduled task on critical systems in victim environments. In addition to the use of common post-exploitation frameworks, lateral movement has also been achieved using WMIC commands and the Windows RDP and SMB protocols. The actors have used Cobalt Strike BEACON to exfiltrate data created through network reconnaissance activities as well as user files. Although it is a low fidelity indicator, ANCHOR activity may also sometimes be identified by searching for binaries within the C:\Windows\SysWOW64 directory that have a file name matching the following pattern: <8 random lowercase chars>.exe. Stacking or sorting on file creation timestamps in the C:\Windows\SysWOW64 directory may also help identify malicious files, as the directory should be mostly static | ['T1036.004'] |
X-Force IRIS found that the SDBbot RAT installers are x64-packed and decrypt parts of SDBbot’s code and strings upon execution. In addition, they read a binary blob located within the registry HKLM\\MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\[3 characters]\[1 character]. Depending on user privileges, a binary blog is located in the registry value. If regular user privileges are running, the installer component will establish persistence using the registry Run and execute ordinal #1 of the DLL | ['T1547.001'] |
In some instances, we have also seen the RemcosRAT malware family delivered as the final payload. Additionally, the process attempts to lower the overall security of the system by disabling security features in Microsoft Office and Windows Defender | ['T1562.001'] |
Following the reconnaissance phase, the threat actor attempted to dump credentials stored on the compromised machines. The most common credential stealing tool used by the threat actor was a modified mimikatz that dumps NTLM hashes. The dumped hashes were used to authenticate to other machines via pass the hash | ['T1550.002'] |
The attack targeted at least one organization in Saudi Arabia, which aligns with the targeting of the initial Shamoon attacks. It appears the purpose of the new Disttrack samples were solely focused on destruction, as the samples were configured with a non-operational C2 server to report to and were set to begin wiping data exactly on 2016/11/17 20:45. Disttrack uses the internal domain names and credentials to log into remote systems on the same network segment. The dropper then attempts to open the service manager on each remote system to start the RemoteRegistry service, which it will connect to using RegConnectRegistryW. The dropper then checks to see if it has administrator privileges on the remote system by attempting to open "\system32\csrss.exe", which allows it to determine if it can write its payload to the "\system32" folder on the remote system. Scheduled tasks require a time in which the task will run, which the dropper determines by calling the function NetRemoteTOD to obtain the time of day from the remote system. While completely speculative, the word “shinu” used as a parameter could be a reference to the Arabic slang for the word “what”, as well as a reference to a village name in northwestern Iran. It appears that the “drdisk.sys” driver (SHA256: 4744df6ac02ff0a3f9ad0bf47b15854bbebb73c936dd02f7c79293a2828406f6) is the exact same driver as used in the Shamoon attack in 2012. During this activity, we noticed the wiper changing the system time to August 2012, as the temporary license key for the RawDisk driver requires the system time to not exceed the month of August, which is when the temporary license would expire. The current attack campaign has several TTP overlaps with the original Shamoon campaign, especially from a targeting and timing perspective | ['T1036.004'] |
Finally, the payloads were almost never repeated. The threat actor made sure that each payload had a unique hash, and some payloads were packed using different types of packers, both known and custom | ['T1027.005', 'T1027.002'] |
txt,log} and is also a "cryptojacker," which is a tool that uses a victim’s computer to mine cryptocurrency. Nirsoft SniffPass is capable of obtaining passwords sent over non-secure protocols | ['T1040'] |
websites visitors have a higher likelihood to be targets of interest) - Add one or more webshell backdoors to victim websites to maintain persistence - Webshell used to add JavaScript developed by OceanLotus into the website - The malicious JavaScript makes calls over HTTP or HTTPS to attacker controlled domains to typically load one of two different OceanLotus frameworks - OceanLotus JavaScript frameworks designed to track, profile, and target the compromised website's visitors - Website visitors of interest are flagged for targeting and receive special JavaScript aimed at compromising the user's system or e-mail accounts | ['T1071.001'] |
Following a series of denial-of-service attacks and website defacements, the new destructive malware corrupts the master boot record (MBR), partition and file system of all available physical drives on Windows machines | ['T1561.002'] |
On October 31, TA505 sent two campaigns, both using .lnk files embedded in Microsoft Word documents. As shown in Figure 4, recipients must open the attached Word document, enable editing, and then execute the .lnk file by double clicking an image in the document. They must further confirm that they want to open the .lnk file (Figure 5), which, in turn, downloads an intermediate downloader. Despite the number of steps involved, TA505 relies on light social engineering in the email and lure as well as end user conditioning to proceed through the scheme and infect their PC with malware | ['T1204.002'] |
UNC2465 used phishing emails and legitimate services to deliver the SMOKEDHAM backdoor. SMOKEDHAM is a .NET backdoor that supports keylogging, taking screenshots, and executing arbitrary .NET commands. During one incident, the threat actor appeared to establish a line of communication with the victim before sending a malicious Google Drive link delivering an archive containing an LNK downloader. More recent UNC2465 emails have used Dropbox links with a ZIP archive containing malicious LNK files that, when executed, would ultimately lead to SMOKEDHAM being downloaded onto the system. UNC2465 has used Advanced IP Scanner, BLOODHOUND, and RDP for internal reconnaissance and lateral movement activities within victim environments. The threat actor has used Mimikatz for credential harvesting to escalate privileges in the victim network. UNC2465 also uses the publicly available NGROK utility to bypass firewalls and expose remote desktop service ports, like RDP and WinRM, to the open internet. Mandiant has observed the threat actor using PsExec and cron jobs to deploy the DARKSIDE ransomware. UNC2465 has called the customer support lines of victims and told them that data was stolen and instructed them to follow the link in the ransom note | ['T1102'] |
The execution of the Powershell that is passed to IEX by the Stage 1 Word document is where we begin to observe several interesting activities occurring on an infected system. One is used to determine whether or not to achieve persistence for the next stage of the infection process on the target system. If persistence is selected the other switch defines whether or not the Stage 3 code should be executed once it is staged. If the option to achieve persistence was selected when the 'pre_logic' function was called, the function will then query the infected system to determine how to best achieve persistence. Depending on the access rights of the user account within which the malware is operating, the malware will then query registry paths that are commonly used by malware to achieve persistence. If operating under an account with Administrator access to the system the script will query and set | ['T1547.001'] |
While operating in the victim’s internal network, the threat actor accessed sensitive information specific to the products and services that the victim organization provided. This information included items such as product/service architecture and design documents, vulnerabilities and step-by-step instructions to perform various tasks. Additionally, the threat actor viewed pages related to internal business operations such as development schedules and points of contact | ['T1213'] |
All observed attacks start with an email message, containing either a malicious attachment or a URL which leads to the first stage of the attack. The text of the emails is likely taken from legitimate email, such as mailing lists that targeted organisations may be subscribed to. Below are three examples, with the first one purporting to be sent by the European Banking Federation and is using a newly registered domain for the spoofed sender email address. The attachment is a malicious PDF file that entices the user to click on a URL to download and open a weaponized RTF file containing exploits for CVE-2017-11882, CVE-2017-8570 and CVE-2018-8174. This campaign contains a URL, which points to a malicious Word document where the infection chain is triggered by the user allowing the VBA macro code to run. Observed email campaign 2 The third campaign, sent on July 10, is a more personal campaign that targets a variety of businesses. The subject indicates that this is a complaint about problems with services provided by the target company, allegedly listed in an attached document. The attachment is an RTF document containing exploits that start the chain of several infection stages until the final executable payload is downloaded and loaded in the memory of the infected system. All emails lead to stage 1 of the attack chain. Observed email campaign 3 | ['T1204.002'] |
The batch files involved in the attack modify the system service COMSysApp to load the malicious ipnet.dll. The contents of the batch files vary depending on the OS (x64 vs x86 | ['T1543.003'] |
While the image is displayed, the code drops an unusual mspaint.lnk shortcut to disk and launches it. The shortcut maintains a multiline target shell script. The 64kb lnk file is downloader code | ['T1547.009', 'T1059.003'] |
This spyware registers itself as a system service to ensure its automatic execution at every system startup by adding the following registry entries | ['T1543.003'] |
As has been previously reported, there are two variants of the trojan TinkaOTP. The version that has received the most attention contains the malware payload in the application bundle’s Resources folder. The file is a Mach-O binary disguised as a .nib file, at ../Resources/Base.lproj/Submenu.nib. This file is copied directly to the users Library folder and renamed as .mina. The dot prefix is added in order to make it invisible in the Finder | ['T1564.001'] |
At the beginning of 2017, Silent Librarian began to regularly obtain free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates for their phishing pages. This technique, which we have previous discussed at length in blog posts from November and December, is used to create more realistic-looking phishing pages | ['T1588.004'] |
The group appears to maintain a stockpile of stolen certificates and deploys their downloaders and the backdoors signed with them. Some of the more recent revoked certificates include ones that belong to Xuchang Hongguang Technology Co | ['T1553.002'] |
Lucifer also checks for the presence of following device drivers, DLLs, and virtual devices. If any of these objects are detected, the malware enters an infinite loop, stopping its execution from going further | ['T1497.001'] |
If so, it stops the execution and deletes the folder containing the malicious script from this machine. Download the malicious files onto the machine: the same batch file downloads a cab archive named env.cab from a remote address in the internal network: \\railways.ir\sysvol\railways.ir\scripts\env.cab. The use of specific hostnames and internal paths indicates the attacker had prior knowledge of the environment. It moves wiper-related files to “C:\temp” and creates a scheduled task named mstask to execute the wiper only once at 23:55:00 | ['T1562.001'] |
The HTTP mode is the same communication method used in variants of the malware from 2018. Although it uses the non-encrypted HTTP protocol to communicate with the C2 it manually encrypts the contents of the requests to hide data from packet inspection. The malware creates an AES session key and initial value (as detailed in Appendix C) which are base64 encoded, appended to each other with a \n separator. Once appended, it is further encrypted with a hardcoded RSA public key and base64 encoded again and obfuscated before being sent to the C2 as the body of a POST request | ['T1573.001'] |
BBSRAT accepts many possible commands that the C2 server can provide. These commands are sent as a response to the GET beacons that are continually requested via either HTTP or HTTPS. The following commands and sub-commands have been identified | ['T1071.001'] |
This watchdog process also ensures that the Cardinal RAT process is always running, as well as ensures that the executable is located in the correct path. Should either of these conditions not be met, the watchdog process will spawn a new instance of Cardinal RAT, or write Cardinal RAT to the correct location, respectively | ['T1057'] |
The REvil (also known as Sodinokibi) ransomware was first identified on April 17, 2019. It is used by the financially motivated GOLD SOUTHFIELD threat group, which distributes ransomware via exploit kits, scan-and-exploit techniques, RDP servers, and backdoored software installers. Secureworks® Counter Threat Unit™ (CTU) analysis suggests that REvil is likely associated with the GandCrab ransomware due to similar code and the emergence of REvil as GandCrab activity declined. CTU™ researchers attribute GandCrab to the GOLD GARDEN threat group | ['T1195.002'] |
In one intrusion, the first second-stage custom loader (TEARDROP) was introduced to the environment by BusinessLayerHost.exe at around 10:00 AM UTC. 7z.dll), Far Manager (e.g. The Variant 2 custom loaders were mostly compiled from open-source source code of legitimate applications, such as 7-Zip and Far Manager (i.e. the open-source source code for these applications was modified to add in the malicious code). In some instances, certain development artifacts were left behind in the custom loader samples. For example, the following C++ header (.hpp) path was observed in a loader compiled from a modified Far Manager open-source source code (c:\build\workspace\cobalt_cryptor_far (dev071)\farmanager\far\platform.concurrency.hpp | ['T1036'] |
KernelCallbackTable is initialized to an array of callback functions when user32.dll is loaded into memory, which are used whenever a graphical call (GDI) is made by the process. To hijack the control flow, malware replaces the USER32. _fnDWORD callback in the table with the malicious WMIsAvailableOffline function. Once the flow is hijacked and malicious code is executed the rest of the code takes care of restoring the KernelCallbackTable to its original state | ['T1070'] |
In this case, repotaj.dll, which is ServHelper, will be extracted to %TEMP% and execute with the “feast” parameter as its export function. Once ServHelper is executed, it runs a PowerShell script to get information from the infected machine | ['T1059.001'] |
The malware tries to delete the shadow copies two times, once before crypting the files in the infected system and secondly after crypting them | ['T1490'] |
Apart from being a flexible and easy-to-use scripting language, BLADABINDI’s use of AutoIt is notable. It uses AutoIt (the FileInstall command) to compile the payload and the main script into a single executable, which can make the payload — the backdoor — difficult to detect | ['T1027.004'] |
DEATHRANSOM creates an RSA-2048 public and private key pair. The shared secret is SHA256 hashed and used as the key to Salsa20 encrypt the RSA public and private keys. The RSA public key is used to encrypt the individual symmetric keys that are used to encrypt each file. A Base64 encoded version of the encrypted RSA keys and the victim’s Curve25519 public key is included in the ransom note, providing the threat actors the information needed to decrypt the victim's files. For the symmetric key, DEATHRANSOM calls RtlGenRandom to generate 32 random bytes. This is the 32 byte key used to AES encrypt each file. After the file is encrypted, the AES key is encrypted with the public RSA key and appended to the file. DEATHRANSOM lastly appends the four magic bytes of AB CD EF AB at the end of the encrypted file and uses this as a check to ensure that it does not encrypt an already encrypted file. The analyzed DEATHRANSOM sample used for comparison does not change the file extension | ['T1486'] |
The final stage, however, is a dotnet application that takes several commands such as directory listing, screenshot, compress, upload, etc. It then creates random long string folder names in temp directories to host the collected files per category before compressing, encrypting and uploading to the C2 server | ['T1074.001'] |
In an uninhibited Emotet infection, it’s likely the malware would have then attempted to move laterally to other machines in the environment. Malwarebytes has some good analyses of Emotet if you’re looking for further reading | ['T1210'] |
Another interesting artefact is that the script modifies the modification, access and creation (MAC) times of the local log file to match the times of a legitimate file – desktop.ini in that example, as shown in Figure 13 | ['T1070.006'] |
infpub.dat appears to be capable of brute-forcing NTLM login credentials to Windows machines that have pseudo-random IP addresses | ['T1110.003'] |
The code of this module is loaded directly into the exploited application and has several methods of payload execution. One of method uses a very interesting technique of payload execution which is designed mostly to bypass modern anti-malware products. This uses an interesting bug in the Windows DDE component. It is not a secret that anti-malware systems trigger on special system functions that are called in the context of potential vulnerable applications to make a deeper analysis of API calls such as CreateProcess, WinExec or ShellExecute | ['T1189'] |
Although tracking threats like Winnti involves old-fashioned investigative work, Microsoft Threat Intelligence analysts take advantage of machine learning to work at scale. When attackers used Winnti to maintain access to web servers, they hid the implant in plain sight by masquerading it as a trusted, legitimate file | ['T1036.005'] |
The attackers are using a tool with name plainpwd in order to dump Windows credentials from memory. This tool is a slightly modified version of the open-source project mimikatz | ['T1003.001'] |
So attackers specify an external C&C server in the command line and the tool connects to this server using HTTP. This remote server is used as a proxy by attackers: the connection that goes to this server is redirected to the internal network by the tool and any response that the tool gets from a computer in the internal network goes to the C&C server. Thus, attackers can communicate with internal servers that are normally unreachable from the internet | ['T1090'] |
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