Datasets:

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tomekkorbak

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pile-detoxify-test

like 0

[ "Development and characterization of secretin-stimulated secretion of cultured rat cholangiocytes.", "\nWe sought to develop a cholangiocyte cell culture system that has preservation of receptors, transporters, and channels involved in secretin-induced secretion. ", "Isolated bile duct fragments, obtained by enzyme perfusion of normal rat liver, were seeded on collagen and maintained in culture up to 18 wk. ", "Cholangiocyte purity was assessed by staining for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19). ", "We determined gene expression for secretin receptor (SR), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, secretin-stimulated cAMP synthesis, Cl(-)/HCO(3) exchanger activity, secretin-stimulated Cl(-) efflux, and apical membrane-directed secretion in polarized cells grown on tissue culture inserts. ", "Cultured cholangiocytes were all gamma-GT and CK-19 positive. ", "The cells expressed SR and Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, and secretin-stimulated cAMP synthesis, Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity, and Cl(-) efflux were similar to freshly isolated cholangiocytes. ", "Forskolin (10(-4) M) induced fluid accumulation in the apical chamber of tissue culture inserts. ", "In conclusion, we have developed a novel cholangiocyte line that has persistent HCO(3)(-), Cl(-), and fluid transport functions. ", "This cell system should be useful to investigators who study cholangiocyte secretion." ]

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[ "Recycle Waste Into Plant Feed Using A Wormery\n\nA wormery is an easy to use and clean way to recycle most kitchen waste. ", "Did you know that about a third of all food bought is thrown out and put into landfills? ", "The massive amount of food that is thrown out every year not only costs people money, but has an adverse impact on our environment. ", "While in a landfill, degrading food produces methane gas which vents into the atmosphere. ", "The large vehicles that transport the waste emit carbon gasses into the air. ", "It is important to pay closer attention to the trash we throw out and use environmentally friendly methods to recycle and re-use these materials. ", "Fortunately, there is an easy way to keep money in your pocket and make use out of food products destined for the garbage. ", "Wormeries are basically a compost bin that contains worms that break down the foodstuffs into a highly effective fertilizer and garden compost. ", "The worms work efficiently and quickly to turn ordinary garbage into something useful for your home. ", "Of course, there are limitations to what you should put into the composter, so let’s take a look at some tips and tricks.", "\n\nBenefits\n\nA Typical Worm Bin\n\nOtherwise known as “vermicomposting”, using worms to break down degrading food products is actually quite simple. ", "Worms are placed into a special container that you continually add material to. ", "The worms will immediately get to work in converting the material. ", "Not only is the solid material useful for plant feed, but the worms will also produce a special liquid plant food called compost tea. ", "To get the most out of this system, look for a worm composter with an easy to use tap to extract the tea for use in your garden. ", "Worm compost can be used on everything from flowers to green grass.", "\n\nHow It Works\n\nAlthough harvesting worms from your backyard would work in these systems, most worms are deep burrowers and are not the best choice. ", "For the highest effectiveness, consider using special composting worms. ", "These worms eat the food just below the surface. ", "Why is this important? ", "Well, when you want to extract completed compost from your system, it is generally removed from the bottom. ", "Since the special worms stay just below the surface, you won’t come into contact with the worms during extraction. ", "This also prevents the critters from being accidentally removed from the system. ", "Another benefit to the specialist variety is that when you add new food to the top, you still will not need to handle or come into contact with the worms.", "\n\nSpecifically, you want to look for two types of worms when setting up your system. ", "The two species mostly used that are highly effective are the Red Tiger (or Brandling) worm and the Dendra. ", "You can’t go wrong when using these species, and many composters come with them. ", "Even when purchasing online, many of these systems come with the worms shipped in a special package which keeps them alive during the travel. ", "As a general guideline, use 500g of worms for every cubic meter. (", "This is about 1000 worms).", "\n\nMaintenance\n\nStarter Kit\n\nYou may be wondering what kind of upkeep is necessary to keep one of these units. ", "It is a remarkably low-maintenance process, in fact. ", "Feel free to go on a long trip with no worries. ", "Simple add waste to the unit before leaving and the worms will have plenty of food to work with. ", "The worms stay in the container for as long as you own it, there is no need to ever remove or re-stock the unit. ", "They are experts at balancing their population and reproducing at the appropriate rate for your composter’s size. ", "They will also adapt to the amount of waste you add. ", "You may think of these systems as outdoor-exclusive, but they actually do quite well indoors. ", "For best results, keep the unit in your kitchen, garage, or anywhere else at or close to room temperature (10-25 C). ", "If you live in an area with extreme weather conditions, consider moving it inside during the winter or summer periods. ", "If subjected to excessive temperatures, the worms will not perform properly or in the worst case, die.", "\n\nTime Till Harvest\n\nSo, how long will it take to make a ready-to-use compost material? ", "A wormery has the added advantage of a compost bin because it can produce faster results. ", "The worm-less environment of a composter is less effective at breaking down material. ", "Worms can have compost ready in a few weeks, depending on the size of your unit and the amount of material inside. ", "Most manufactures will give this information on the package or product details. ", "Most of the waste is converted into liquid. ", "As discusses earlier, this “liquid feed” is a highly nutritious plant feed. ", "In about three months you can tap the container for this liquid and use it in your garden.", "\n\nMaterials Used for Composting\n\nLarge Composting Center\n\nTwo varieties of waste can be added to the system. ", "These are defined as \"greens\" and \"browns\", and each play a vital role in the balance of the system. ", "Green material degrades quickly and infuses the system with nitrogen and moisture, which are essential. ", "Brown materials rot much slower, but deliver carbon and fiber. ", "As a rule, you want one third of your garbage to be made up of browns. ", "This is the perfect level to prevent excessive runniness of the wormery compost and maintain a neutral acid level.", "\nSo what is considered \"green\"? ", "Items like food scraps include peels, fruit, bread, and coffee grounds. ", "Grass clippings and other garden debris are also green. ", "Rotting manure and herbivore feces like those from rabbits are excellent greens. ", "As you can see, many of these products, especially from your kitchen, can be recycled and put to good use.", "\n\nThe browns cover a wide range of materials too. ", "These include cardboard, sawdust, paper, straw, twigs, bark and fallen leaves. ", "If you have a backyard of any type, you are sure to be able to find at least some of these items.", "\n\nThere are a few additives that do not fall under either category that can be useful to add. ", "Anti acid lime mix can be added every couple weeks to improve the worms performance and reduce excessive acidity. ", "Egg shells add minerals to the mixture and reduce acidity too. ", "Hair and natural fibers like wool and cotton work well too and can be recycled.", "\n\nCertain things should not be put into the container, especially ones that too acidic or are prone to attracting flies. ", "Fish meat and parts can produce an unpleasant smell. ", "While the worms can digest the fish, use discretion when adding.", "\n\nWormeries are a great way to help the environment and your pocketbook as well. ", "The cleanliness and ease of use make them ideal for homes of all sizes. ", "These systems come in every size to match your needs. ", "Common every-day products can be recycled into nutritious compost that can be used to grow new food. ", "After setup, no more direct contact with the worms is needed, which is great for people that are apprehensive when dealing with critters.", "\n\nAmazon Associates Disclosure\n\nYardSurfer is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nImplement Lucene on Existing .NET / SQL Server stack with multiple webservers\n\nI want to look at using Lucene for a fulltext search solution for a site that I currently manage. ", "The site is built entirely on SQL Server 2008 / C# .NET 4 technologies. ", "The data I'm looking to index is actually quite simple, with only a couple of fields per record and only one of those fields actually searchable.", "\nIt's not clear to me what the best toolset I need to be using is, or what the architecture I should be using is. ", "Specifically:\n\nWhere should I put the index? ", "I've seen people recommend putting it on the webserver, but that would seem wasteful for a large number of webservers. ", "Surely centralising would be better here?", "\nIf the index is centralised, how would I query it, given that it just lives on the filesystem? ", "Will I have to effectively put it on a network share that all the webservers can see?", "\nAre there any pre-existing tools that will incrementally populate a Lucene index on a schedule, pulling the data from an SQL Server database? ", "Would I be better off rolling my own service here?", "\nWhen I query the index, should I be looking to just pull back a bunch of record id's which I then go back to the DB for the actual record, or should I be aiming to pull everything I need for the search straight out of the index?", "\nIs there value in trying to implement something like Solr in this flavour environment? ", "If so, I'd probably give it it's own *nix VM and run it within Tomcat on that. ", "But I'm not sure what Solr would buy me in this case.", "\n\nA:\n\nI'll answer a bit based on how we chose to implement Lucene.", "Net here on Stack Overflow, and some lessons I learned along the way:\n\nWhere should I put the index? ", "I've seen people recommend putting it on the webserver, but that would seem wasteful for a large number of webservers. ", "Surely centralising would be better here?", "\n\nIt depends on your goals here, we had a severely under-utilized web tier (~10% CPU), and an overloaded database doing FullText searching (around 60% CPU, we wanted it lower). ", " Loading up the same index on each web tier let us utilize those machines and have a ton of redundancy, we can still lose 9 out of 10 web servers and keep the Stack Exchange network up if need be. ", " There is a downside to this, it's very IO (read) intensive for us, and the web tier was not bought with this in mind (this is often the case at most companies). ", " While it works fine, we'll still be upgrading our web tier to SSDs and implementing some other bits left out of the .Net port to compensate for this hardware deficiency (NIOFSDirectory for example).", "\nThe other downside if we index all our databases n times for the web tier, but luckily we're not starved for network bandwidth and SQL server caching the results makes this a very fast delta indexing operation each time. ", " With a large number of web servers, that alone may eliminate this option.", "\n\nIf the index is centralised, how would I query it, given that it just lives on the filesystem? ", "Will I have to effectively put it on a network share that all the webservers can see?", "\n\nYou can query it on a file share either way, just make sure only one is indexing at a time (write.lock, the directory locking mechanism will ensure this and error when you try multiple IndexWriters at once).", "\nKeep in mind my notes above, this is is IO intensive when a lot of readers are flying around, so you need ample bandwidth to your store, short of at least iSCSI or a fiber SAN, I'd be cautious of this approach on a high traffic (hundreds of thousands of searches a day) use.", "\nAnother consideration is how you update/alert your web servers (or whatever tier is querying it). ", " When you finishing an indexing pass, you'll need to re-open your IndexReaders to get the updated index with new documents. ", " We use a redis messaging channel to alert whoever cares that the index has updated...any messaging mechanism would work here.", "\n\nAre there any pre-existing tools that will incrementally populate a Lucene index on a schedule, pulling the data from an SQL Server database? ", "Would I be better off rolling my own service here?", "\n\nUnfortunately there are none that I know of, but I can share with you how I approached this.", "\nWhen indexing a specific table (akin to a document in Lucene), we added a rowversion to that table. ", " When we index we select based off the last rowversion (a timestamp datatype, pulled back as a bigint). ", " I chose to store the last index date and last indexed rowversion on the file system via a simple .txt file for one reason: everything else in Lucene is stored there. ", " This means if there's ever a large problem, you can just delete the folder containing the index and the next indexing pass will recover and have a fully up-to-date index, just add some code to handle nothing being there meaning \"index everything\".", "\n\nWhen I query the index, should I be looking to just pull back a bunch of record id's which I then go back to the DB for the actual record, or should I be aiming to pull everything I need for the search straight out of the index?", "\n\nThis really depends on your data, for us it's not really feasible to store everything in the index (nor is this recommended). ", " What I suggest is you store the fields for your search results in the index, and by that I mean what you need to present your search results in a list, before the user clicks to go to the full [insert type here].", "\nAnother consideration is how often your data is changing. ", " If a lot of fields you're not searching on are changing rapidly, you'll need to re-index those rows (documents) to update your index, not only when the field you're searching on changes.", "\n\nIs there value in trying to implement something like Solr in this flavour environment? ", "If so, I'd probably give it it's own *nix VM and run it within Tomcat on that. ", "But I'm not sure what Solr would buy me in this case.", "\n\nSure there is, it's the centralized search you're talking about (with a high number of searches you may again hit a limit with a VM setup, keep an eye on this). ", " We didn't do this because it introduced a lot of (we feel) unwarranted complexity in our technology stack and build process, but for a larger number of web servers it makes much more sense.", "\nWhat does it buy you? ", "performance mainly, and a dedicated indexing server(s). ", " Instead of n servers crawling a network share (competing for IO as well), they can hit a single server that only deals with requests and results over the network, not crawling the index which is a lot more data going back and forth...this would be local on the Solr server(s). ", " Also, you're not hitting your SQL server as much since fewer servers are indexing.", "\nWhat it doesn't buy you is as much redundancy, but it's up to you how important this is. ", " If you can operate fine on degraded search or without it, simply have your app handle that. ", " If you can't, then a backup Solr server or more may also be a valid solution...and it is possible another software stack to maintain.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIs meat/fish eaten in the Kung Fu Panda universe?", "\n\nThe Kung Fu Panda universe contains both carnivores (tigers, leopards, wolves, crocodiles etc.) ", "and animals commonly eaten, both by those and in Chinese cuisine (pigs, ducks/geese, cattle, sheep etc.). ", "All of these are portrayed as sentient and one would assume that they are thus not part of the diet. ", "I can't recall any reference to them being eaten.", "\nAs far as I'm aware we don't see any sentient fish or prawn in the series, although I haven't seen all TV episodes, only a handful as well as all the movies and short film specials. ", "It's possible those might be non-sentient and used as food, similar to how it is in Redwall.", "\nThe food portrayed in the series doesn't explicitly show meat, but there are things like dumplings (often but not always filled with meat or seafood) and noodle soup (usually served in a broth cooked from animal bones). ", "Still, so far everything seems consistent with everyone being vegan, even the carnivores.", "\nThere are a few doubts. ", "Mantis blissfully talks about a future girlfriend biting his head off, referring to real mantises sometimes practicing sexual cannibalism. ", "From Tigress' childhood we know that predators can be feared by others because of their greater power and potential for violence. ", "With some parts of real world biology referenced, the fact that many carnivorous animals cannot in fact live on a vegan diet also bears mention again - then again they can cook and eat noodles, so clearly realism isn't much of a factor.", "\nSo basically what I'm asking is: while it seems likely that nobody in the Kung Fu Panda universe eats meat, is there in fact an official canon answer to this question?", "\n\nA:\n\nI have found this source that quotes one of the directors of the first film, John Stevenson as saying\n\n\"Everybody is vegetarian, even our predatory characters—otherwise it got too weird,\" explains Stevenson.", "\n\nThat is the only evidence/canonical answer I can find regarding the dietary habits of characters in the Kung Fu Panda universe.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Important information regarding cookies\n\nArnotts uses cookies to enhance your browsing experience and to create a secure and effective website for our customers. ", "By using this site you agree that we may store and access cookies on your devices, unless you have disabled cookies\n\nProduct Actions\n\nAdditional Information\n\nStyle Notes\n\nA symphony of design and function, the curved Chester sofa by Himolla offers an integrated footrest in all three seats. ", "Made in a space-saving contemporary design, the extremely comfortable chairs are designed to make you feel at home. ", "A matching lift and rise recliner helps people with limited ability to improve their quality of life, without having compromise on design." ]

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[ "Sex-dependent loss of projection neurons involved in avian song learning.", "\nIn zebra finches, only males sing, and the neural regions controlling song exhibit prominent, hormone-induced sex differences in neuron number. ", "In order to understand how sexual differentiation regulates neuron number within one song nucleus, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (IMAN), we studied the development of sex differences among IMAN neurons that project to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA). ", "The IMAN is implicated in song learning, and previous ontogenetic studies have indicated that males lose over 50% of their IMAN neurons during the juvenile song learning period. ", "Based on developmental changes in both the extent of androgen accumulation within the IMAN and its appearance in Nissl-stained tissue, it had been hypothesized that IMAN neuron loss was even greater in young females, resulting in sex differences in neuron number. ", "However, this hypothesis has not been tested directly because the Nissl-stained boundaries of the IMAN sometimes are ambiguous in young animals, and are not evident at all in adult females. ", "To circumvent these problems, we employed the retrograde tracer fast blue to study the development of IMAN neurons defined on the basis of their projections to the RA. ", "We find that the number of these IMAN-RA projection neurons is much greater in adult males than in females, and that this sex difference develops during the juvenile period of sexual differentiation and song learning because a significant number of these neurons are lost in females but not in males. ", "With respect to sexual differentiation, we conclude that masculinization (which is stimulated by the hormone estradiol) promotes the retention of IMAN-RA projection neurons. ", "In addition, our results indicate that any loss of IMAN neurons that may occur in young males does not include cells projecting to the RA." ]

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/var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:516\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:528\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:541\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:552\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:563\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:569\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:581\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:587\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:598\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:603\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:644\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:652\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1026\nmsgid \"ERROR\"\nmsgstr \"BŁĄD\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:478\nmsgid \"does not match.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:482\nmsgid \"hasn&#8217;t a correct email syntax.\"", "\nmsgstr \"nie jest prawidłowym adresem email.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:496\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t be empty.\"", "\nmsgstr \"nie może być pusty\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:515\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:524\nmsgid \"isn&#8217;t correct\"\nmsgstr \"jest nieprawidłowy\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:521\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1026\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1029\nmsgid \"YES\"\nmsgstr \"TAK\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:521\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1026\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1029\nmsgid \"NO\"\nmsgstr \"NIE\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:526\nmsgid \"should be\"\nmsgstr \"powinien być\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:541\nmsgid \"should be an image.\"", "\nmsgstr \"powinien być obrazkiem.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:552\nmsgid \"does not accept this file type.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:563\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have size less than\"\nmsgstr \"nie może być mniejszy niż\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:569\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have length less than\"\nmsgstr \"nie może być krótszy niż\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:581\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have size different than\"\nmsgstr \"musi mieć rozmiar\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:587\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have length different than\"\nmsgstr \"musi mieć długość\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:598\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have size more than\"\nmsgstr \"nie może być większy niż\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:603\nmsgid \"couldn&#8217;t have length more than\"\nmsgstr \"nie może być dłuższy niż\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:644\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:652\nmsgid \"Typed code is not correct.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:722\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1448\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1449\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:192\nmsgid \"Username\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwa użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:749\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1458\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1459\nmsgid \"E-mail\"\nmsgstr \"E-mail\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1000\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:304\nmsgid \"Please upload a file with one of the following extensions\"\nmsgstr \"Wgraj plik w jednym z następujących formatów\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1006\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:310\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:282\nmsgid \"Please upload an image with one of the following extensions\"\nmsgstr \"Wgraj obrazek w jednym z następujących formatów\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1181\nmsgid \"Strength indicator\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1182\nmsgid \"Hint: The password should be at least seven characters long. ", "To make it stronger, use upper and lower case letters, numbers and symbols like ! \\\" ? ", "$ % ^ &amp; ).\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1221\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Change image\"\nmsgstr \"Zmień kolejność\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1224\nmsgid \"Insert the code:\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1296\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1298\nmsgid \"Confirm your registration\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1304\nmsgid \"A password will be e-mailed to you.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_register.php:1312\nmsgid \"&larr; Back\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:17\nmsgid \"Add field\"\nmsgstr \"Dodaj pole\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:18\nmsgid \"Update field\"\nmsgstr \"Zaktualizuj pole\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:19\nmsgid \"Delete field\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń pole\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:20\nmsgid \"Delete selected fields\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń wybrane pola\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:21\nmsgid \"Change order\"\nmsgstr \"Zmień kolejność\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:30\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:846\nmsgid \"Min length\"\nmsgstr \"Długość min\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:31\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:847\nmsgid \"Exact length\"\nmsgstr \"Długość dokładna\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:32\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:848\nmsgid \"Max length\"\nmsgstr \"Długość max\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:33\nmsgid \"Exact or Max length\"\nmsgstr \"Dokładna lub maksymalna długość\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:133\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_init.php:22\nmsgid \"Fields\"\nmsgstr \"Pola\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:133\nmsgid \"changed to\"\nmsgstr \"zmieniona na\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:136\nmsgid \"You cannot give an order that misses some numbers\"\nmsgstr \"Nie możesz podać kolejności która pomija część liczb\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:139\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:214\nmsgid \"Nothing selected\"\nmsgstr \"Nie wybrano niczego\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:211\nmsgid \"Field(s)\"\nmsgstr \"Pole(a)\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:211\nmsgid \"deleted correctly\"\nmsgstr \"wykasowano prawidłowo\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:242\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:838\nmsgid \"Min size\"\nmsgstr \"Rozmiar min\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:243\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:839\nmsgid \"Exact size\"\nmsgstr \"Rozmiar dokładny\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:244\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:840\nmsgid \"Max size\"\nmsgstr \"Rozmiar max\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:246\nmsgid \"Exact or Max size\"\nmsgstr \"Rozmiar dokładny lub max\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:285\nmsgid \"Name not specified\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwa nie określona\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:287\nmsgid \"Name cannot contains spaces\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwa nie może zawierać spacji\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:290\nmsgid \"Label not specified\"\nmsgstr \"Etykieta nie określona\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:295\nmsgid \"not selected (with this type is necessary)\"\nmsgstr \"nie wybrano (niezbędne dla tego typu)\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:301\nmsgid \"If you select\"\nmsgstr \"Jeżeli wybierzesz\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:301\nmsgid \"you cannot select Min or Max\"\nmsgstr \"Nie możesz wybrać Min lub Max\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:306\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:311\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:316\nmsgid \"should be in the range of\"\nmsgstr \"powinien się mieścić w zakresie\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:326\nmsgid \"Equal TO not specified\"\nmsgstr \"równość (=) nie określona\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:329\nmsgid \"With checkbox type Equal TO can only be\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>checkbox</strong> może być tylko równość\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:332\nmsgid \"With radio type Equal TO can only be\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>radio</strong> może być tylko równość\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:348\nmsgid \"With checkbox type Value can only be\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>checkbox</strong> wartość może być tylko\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:351\nmsgid \"With radio type Value can only be\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>radio</strong> wartość może być tylko\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:407\nmsgid \"Field inserted correctly\"\nmsgstr \"Pole wstawione poprawnie\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:409\nmsgid \"Field #\"\nmsgstr \"Pole #\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:409\nmsgid \"updated correctly\"\nmsgstr \"zaktualizowane prawidłowo\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:421\nmsgid \"Name inserted is just in the database, change to another one\"\nmsgstr \"Podana nazwa już jest w bazie danych, zmień na inną\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:436\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:367\nmsgid \"Add a new Field\"\nmsgstr \"Dodaj nowe pole\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:551\nmsgid \"To add a new field you have to choose a name, type and label; optional are value and description. ", "Rules are applied during user registration.\"", "\nmsgstr \"Aby dodać nowe pole musisz nadać mu nazwę, typ i etykietę; wartość i opis są opcjonalne. ", "Reguły są stosowane podczas rejestracji użytkownika.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:553\nmsgid \"With <strong>radio</strong> and <strong>checkbox</strong>: <em>Value</em> and <em>equal TO</em> can only be 'Yes' or 'No' that means 'selected' or 'not selected'\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>radio</strong> i <strong>checkbox</strong>: <em>wartość</em> i <em>równe</em> mogą być tylko \\\"Yes\\\" lub \\\"No\\\", co oznacza zaznaczone lub nie zaznaczone.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:554\nmsgid \"With <strong>drop-down</strong>: you have to add all options into label for example: label/item1,item2,item3\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>listy (drop-down)</strong>: musisz podać wszystkie opcje w etykiecie. ", "Np.: ", "etykieta/wartość1,wartość2,wartość3. \"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:555\nmsgid \"With <strong>picture</strong>: you can preload a default image putting url in <em>Value</em>; 'min,exact,max size' are in KB; <em>equal TO</em> means max pixel size (width or height) for thumbnail\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>obrazka (picture)</strong>: należy uprzednio wgrać obrazek i podać jego Url w polu <em>wartość</em>; rozmiary min, dokładny, max są w KB; <em>równość</em> oznacza maksymalny rozmiar miniaturki (wysokość i szerokość) i będzie ustawiona automatycznie na 512 pikseli.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:556\nmsgid \"With <strong>picture-url</strong>: you can preload a default image putting url in <em>Value</em>; <em>equal TO</em> means max width pixel size (height will be proportional)\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>url obrazka</strong>: można wgrać domyślny obrazek i wstawić jego adres (Url) do pola <em>wartość</em>; <em>równe</em> oznacza maksymalną szerokość w pikselach (wysokość zostanie ustawiona proporcjonalnie).\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:557\nmsgid \"With <strong>registration-date</strong>: <em>equal TO</em> means date and time format\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>daty rejestracji</strong>: <em>równe</em> oznacza datę i czas rejestracji.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:558\nmsgid \"With <strong>avatar</strong>: you can preload a default image putting url in <em>Value</em>; 'min,exact,max size' are in KB; <em>equal TO</em> is automatically set to 512 pixels\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>avatara</strong>: możesz wgrać domyślny obrazek wstawiając URL do <em>wartość</em>; \\\"min, dokładny i max rozmiar\\\" są w KB; <em>równe</em> oznacza maksymalny rozmiar w pikselach (wysokość i szerokość) dla miniaturki i będzie ustawiony automatycznie na 512 pikseli.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:559\nmsgid \"With <strong>file</strong>: you can preload a default file putting url in <em>Value</em>; 'min,exact,max size' are in KB; under <em>equal TO</em> can be specified allowed extensions separated by comma, example: zip,pdf,doc\"\nmsgstr \"Dla <strong>Pliku</strong>: możesz wgrać plik domyślny podająć URL w polu <em>Wartość</em>; 'min,dokładny,max rozmiar' podane są w KB; w polu <em>równe</em> można podać dopuszczalne rozszerzenia, np.: ", "zip,pdf,doc\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:566\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:576\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:777\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:871\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1453\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1454\nmsgid \"Name\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwa\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:566\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:577\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:777\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:874\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1763\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1768\nmsgid \"Value\"\nmsgstr \"Wartość\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:567\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:580\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:777\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:877\nmsgid \"Type\"\nmsgstr \"Typ\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:568\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:596\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:778\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:894\nmsgid \"Label\"\nmsgstr \"Etykieta\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:568\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:597\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:778\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:897\nmsgid \"Description\"\nmsgstr \"Opis\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:569\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:779\nmsgid \"Rules\"\nmsgstr \"Reguły\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:570\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:780\nmsgid \"Actions\"\nmsgstr \"Działania\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:591\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:888\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1199\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1290\nmsgid \"Fieldset\"\nmsgstr \"Grupa pól\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:609\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:911\nmsgid \"Can be empty\"\nmsgstr \"Może być puste\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:610\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:912\nmsgid \"Check for E-mail syntax\"\nmsgstr \"Sprawdzaj poprawność adresu email\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:613\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:915\nmsgid \"Can be modified\"\nmsgstr \"Może być zmieniane\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:614\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:916\nmsgid \"Can be modified only if empty\"\nmsgstr \"Może być zmienione tylko jeśli jest puste\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:615\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:917\nmsgid \"Can be modified only by admin\"\nmsgstr \"Może być modyfikowane tylko przez administratora\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:616\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:918\nmsgid \"Can be modified only by admin or if empty\"\nmsgstr \"Może być modyfikowane tylko przez administratora jeśli jest puste\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:617\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:919\nmsgid \"Cannot be modified\"\nmsgstr \"Nie może być zmieniane\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:621\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:924\nmsgid \"Should be equal TO\"\nmsgstr \"Powinno być równe\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:623\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:926\nmsgid \"Case sensitive\"\nmsgstr \"Rozróżnia wielkość liter\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:626\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:928\nmsgid \"Regular Expression\"\nmsgstr \"Wyrażenie regularne\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:629\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:933\nmsgid \"Show the field in the registration\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole podczas rejestracji\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:632\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:936\nmsgid \"Show the field in User's profile\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole w profilu użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:635\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:945\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Show the field in Users Extended section\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole na rozszerzonej liście użytkowników\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:638\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:948\nmsgid \"Show the field in the search engine\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole w profilu użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:641\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:951\nmsgid \"Show the field in the blog\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole na blogu\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:644\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:954\nmsgid \"Show the field if the role is at least:\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole jeżeli rolą użytkownika jest przynajmniej:\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:646\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:956\nmsgid \"Anonymous\"\nmsgstr \"Anonim\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:652\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:962\nmsgid \"User has 'view_cimy_extra_fields' capability\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:657\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:970\nmsgid \"Send an email to the admin if the user changes its value\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:659\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:975\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Advanced options\"\nmsgstr \"Działania\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:664\nmsgid \"Clear\"\nmsgstr \"Wyczyść\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:741\nmsgid \"Invert selection\"\nmsgstr \"Odwróć wybór\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:742\nmsgid \"Are you sure you want to delete field(s) and all data inserted into by users?\"", "\nmsgstr \"Czy na pewno chcesz wykasować pola i wszystkie dane wprowadzone w nie przez użytkowników\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:748\nmsgid \"WordPress Fields\"\nmsgstr \"Pola Wordpressa\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:750\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1763\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1768\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:367\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:115\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:369\nmsgid \"Extra Fields\"\nmsgstr \"Pola dodatkowe\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:761\nmsgid \"None!\"", "\nmsgstr \"Brak!\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:776\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:859\nmsgid \"Order\"\nmsgstr \"Kolejność\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:979\nmsgid \"Reset\"\nmsgstr \"Wyczyść\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1044\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:391\nmsgid \"SUCCESSFUL\"\nmsgstr \"PRAWIDŁOWO\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1063\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1790\nmsgid \"select\"\nmsgstr \"- Wybierz -\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1203\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1294\nmsgid \"Users per page\"\nmsgstr \"Użytkowników na stronie\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1205\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1296\nmsgid \"Apply\"\nmsgstr \"Zastosuj\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1370\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_init.php:23\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_init.php:31\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_init.php:36\nmsgid \"Users Extended\"\nmsgstr \"Lista rozszerzona\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1378\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"Search results for &#8220;%s&#8221;\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1416\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"%1$s <span class=\\\"count\\\">(%2$s)</span>\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1425\nmsgid \"Search Users\"\nmsgstr \"Szukaj użytkowników\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1463\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1464\nmsgid \"Role\"\nmsgstr \"Rola\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1468\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1469\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:324\nmsgid \"Website\"\nmsgstr \"Strona internetowa\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1473\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1474\nmsgid \"Posts\"\nmsgstr \"Wpisy\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1596\nmsgid \"View posts by this author\"\nmsgstr \"Zobacz wpisy tego autora\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1621\nmsgid \"Super Admin\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1632\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"e-mail: %s\"\nmsgstr \"e-mail: %s\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1743\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Change\"\nmsgstr \"Zmień kolejność\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1759\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Update selected users\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń wybrane pola\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1780\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Update\"\nmsgstr \"Zaktualizuj pole\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1795\nmsgid \"OK\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_admin.php:1796\nmsgid \"Cancel\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:45\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"New user registration on your site %s:\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:46\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:243\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:214\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:364\n#, fuzzy, php-format\nmsgid \"Username: %s\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwa użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:47\n#, fuzzy, php-format\nmsgid \"E-mail: %s\"\nmsgstr \"e-mail: %s\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:52\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"[%s] New User Registration\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:64\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"[%s] Your username and password\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:105\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:118\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:131\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:137\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"%s: %s\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:211\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"\"\n\"To activate your user, please click the following link:\\n\"\n\"\\n\"\n\"%s\\n\"\n\"\\n\"\n\"After you activate, you will receive *another email* with your login.\\n\"\n\"\\n\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:215\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"[%1$s] Activate %2$s\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:234\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:243\nmsgid \"Your account is now active!\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:235\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"Your site at <a href=\\\"%1$s\\\">%2$s</a> is active. ", "You may now log in to your site using your chosen username of &#8220;%3$s&#8221;. ", " Please check your email inbox at %4$s for your password and login instructions. ", " If you do not receive an email, please check your junk or spam folder. ", " If you still do not receive an email within an hour, you can <a href=\\\"%5$s\\\">reset your password</a></p>.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:237\nmsgid \"An error occurred during the activation\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:243\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:215\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:365\n#, fuzzy, php-format\nmsgid \"Password: %s\"\nmsgstr \"Hasło\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:257\nmsgid \"Invalid activation key.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:260\nmsgid \"The site is already active.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:280\nmsgid \"Could not create user\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:292\nmsgid \"That username is already activated.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:312\nmsgid \"That username is currently reserved but may be available in a couple of days.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:315\nmsgid \"username and email used\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_email_handler.php:325\nmsgid \"That email address has already been used. ", "Please check your inbox for an activation email. ", "It will become available in a couple of days if you do nothing.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:141\nmsgid \"(required)\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:448\nmsgid \"Delete the file\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń plik\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:449\nmsgid \"Update the file\"\nmsgstr \"Zaktualizuj plik\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:452\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:545\nmsgid \"Delete the picture\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń obrazek\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:453\nmsgid \"Update the picture\"\nmsgstr \"Wgraj obrazek\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:473\nmsgid \"Picture URL:\"\nmsgstr \"URL obrazka:\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:722\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"%s previous value: %s new value: %s\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_profile.php:737\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"%s (%s) has changed one or more fields\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_init.php:21\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:364\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:557\nmsgid \"Options\"\nmsgstr \"Opcje\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:52\nmsgid \"WordPress Fields table emptied\"\nmsgstr \"Pola wordpressa zostały wyczyszczone\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:57\nmsgid \"WordPress Fields table deleted\"\nmsgstr \"Tabele wordpressa zostały usunięte\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:66\nmsgid \"Extra Fields table emptied\"\nmsgstr \"Pola dodatkowe zostały wyczyszczone\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:71\nmsgid \"Extra Fields table deleted\"\nmsgstr \"Dodatkowe tabele zostały usunięte\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:80\nmsgid \"Users Data table emptied\"\nmsgstr \"Dane użytkowników zostały wyczyszczone\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:85\nmsgid \"Users Data table deleted\"\nmsgstr \"Tabela użytkowników została usunięta\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:96\nmsgid \"Options set to default values\"\nmsgstr \"Opcje zostały zmienione na domyślne\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:102\nmsgid \"Options deleted\"\nmsgstr \"Opcje zostały wykasowane\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:256\nmsgid \"Options changed\"\nmsgstr \"Opcje zostały zmienione\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:355\nmsgid \"This operation will create/update all missing tables/options, do you want to proceed?\"", "\nmsgstr \"Ta operacja stworzy/zaktualizuje wszystkie brakujące tabele/opcje, kontynuować?\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:373\nmsgid \"Support the Cimy Project\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:381\nmsgid \"This plug-in is the results of hours of development to add new features, support new WordPress versions and fix bugs, please donate money if saved you from spending all these hours!\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:405\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:734\nmsgid \"Save Changes\"\nmsgstr \"Zapisz zmiany\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:406\nmsgid \"General\"\nmsgstr \"Ogólne\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:414\nmsgid \"installed is\"\nmsgstr \"jest zainstalowany\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:418\nmsgid \"OPTIONS DELETED!\"", "\nmsgstr \"OPCJE USUNIĘTE!\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:421\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:426\nmsgid \"Fix the problem\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń problem\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:424\nmsgid \"VERSIONS MISMATCH! ", "This because you haven't de-activated and re-activated the plug-in after the update! ", "This could give problems...\"\nmsgstr \"Wersja niekompatybilna! ", "Nie deaktywowałeś a następnie nie reaktywowałeś wtyczki po aktualizacji wordpressa! ", "To może spowodować problemy...\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:432\nmsgid \"Picture/Avatar upload\"\nmsgstr \"Wgrywanie obrazka/avatara\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:436\nmsgid \"is created and writable\"\nmsgstr \"jest utworzony i zapisywalny\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:438\nmsgid \"is NOT created or webserver does NOT have permission to write on it\"\nmsgstr \"NIE był wgrywany lub serwer nie ma możliwości zapisywania do niego\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:445\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Show all fields in the welcome email\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pole na blogu\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:449\nmsgid \"the email sent to the admin and to the user upon registration will have all fields\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:457\nmsgid \"Enable email confirmation\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:461\nmsgid \"user that registers should confirm its email address via a link click\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:463\nmsgid \"<strong>note:</strong> this option turned on will automatically disable (only during the registration) all upload fields: file, picture, avatar\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:470\nmsgid \"Enable form confirmation\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:474\nmsgid \"a summary of the registration form will be presented to the user\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:480\nmsgid \"Customize welcome email sent to the new user\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:484\nmsgid \"if you change or remove the placeholders then the email won't have the correct information\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:490\nmsgid \"Redirect to the source\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:494\nmsgid \"after the registration or confirmation the user will be redirected to the address where was exactly before clicking on the registration link\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:502\nmsgid \"No captcha\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:510\nmsgid \"Enable <a href=\\\"http://www.google.com/recaptcha\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">reCAPTCHA</a>\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:514\nmsgid \"Public KEY\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:518\nmsgid \"Private KEY\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:526\nmsgid \"Enable <a href=\\\"http://www.phpcaptcha.org/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Securimage Captcha</a>\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:529\nmsgid \"This captcha is probably weaker, but is easier for users\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:533\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"<strong>WARNING: to activate this captcha download <a href=\\\"http://www.phpcaptcha.org/latest.zip\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">this package</a> and unpack it under %s</strong>\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:540\nmsgid \"Change login/registration page logo\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:548\nmsgid \"Maximum recommended logo width is 328px, but any height should work.\"", "\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:554\nmsgid \"Database\"\nmsgstr \"Baza danych\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:563\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:580\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:597\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:614\nmsgid \"select action\"\nmsgstr \"wybór czynności\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:564\nmsgid \"Default values\"\nmsgstr \"Wartości domyślne\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:565\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:582\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:599\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:616\nmsgid \"Delete\"\nmsgstr \"Usuń\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:569\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:586\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:603\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:621\nmsgid \"NOT PRESENT\"\nmsgstr \"NIE OBECNA\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:574\nmsgid \"WordPress Fields table\"\nmsgstr \"Tabela pól Wordpressa\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:581\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:598\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:615\nmsgid \"Empty\"\nmsgstr \"Opróżnij\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:591\nmsgid \"Extra Fields table\"\nmsgstr \"Tabela pól dodatkowych\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:608\nmsgid \"Users Data table\"\nmsgstr \"Tabela danych użytkowników\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:618\nmsgid \"all data inserted by users in all and only extra fields\"\nmsgstr \"wszystkie dane wstawione przez użytkowników do pól dodatkowych\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:626\nmsgid \"Force tables creation\"\nmsgstr \"Wymuś utworzenie tabel\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:629\nmsgid \"equivalent to de-activate and activate the plug-in; no other operation will be performed\"\nmsgstr \"równoważne deaktywacji i ponownej reaktywacji wtyczki; żadne inne operacje nie zostaną wykonane\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:635\nmsgid \"User Profile\"\nmsgstr \"Profil użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:638\nmsgid \"Extra Fields section title\"\nmsgstr \"Tytuł sekcji pól dodatkowych\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:642\nmsgid \"Fieldset's titles, separates with comma\"\nmsgstr \"Tytuły grup pól, rozdziel przecinkami\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:642\nmsgid \"example: title1,title2,title3\"\nmsgstr \"Przykład: tytuł1, tytuł2, tytuł3\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:643\nmsgid \"<strong>note:</strong> if you change order or remove fieldsets you may need to set all extra fields' fieldset assigment again\"\nmsgstr \"<strong>uwaga:</strong> jeśli zmienisz kolejność lub usuniesz grupy pól powinieneś ustawić przypisanie wszystkich pól dodatkowych do grup pól ponownie\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:648\nmsgid \"Authors &amp; Users Extended\"\nmsgstr \"Rozszerzenia kont\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:652\nmsgid \"Hide username field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj pole z nazwą użytkownika\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:658\nmsgid \"Hide name field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj nazwę\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:663\nmsgid \"Hide email field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj adres email\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:667\nmsgid \"Hide role field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj rolę\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:671\nmsgid \"Hide website field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj pole witryna\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:675\nmsgid \"Hide n. posts field\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryj liczbę wpisów\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:680\nmsgid \"WordPress hidden fields\"\nmsgstr \"Ukryte pola Worpdressa\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:684\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Show username\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż nazwisko\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:685\nmsgid \"when unchecked the email address will be used as username\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:689\nmsgid \"Show password\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż hasło\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:693\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Show confirmation password\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż hasło\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:697\n#, fuzzy\nmsgid \"Show password strength meter\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż hasło\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:701\nmsgid \"Show first name\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż imię\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:705\nmsgid \"Show last name\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż nazwisko\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:709\nmsgid \"Show nickname\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż pseudonim\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:713\nmsgid \"Show website\"\nmsgstr \"pokaż witrynę\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:717\nmsgid \"Show AIM\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż \\\"AIM\\\"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:721\nmsgid \"Show Yahoo IM\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż \\\"Yahoo IM\\\"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:725\nmsgid \"Show Jabber / Google Talk\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż \\\"Jabber / Google Talk\\\"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_options.php:729\nmsgid \"Show Biographical Info\"\nmsgstr \"Pokaż informacje dodatkowe\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_missing_functions.php:16\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"File '%s' doesn't exist?\"", "\nmsgstr \"Plik '%s' nie istnieje?\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_missing_functions.php:19\nmsgid \"The GD image library is not installed.\"", "\nmsgstr \"Biblioteka GD nie jest zainstalowana.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_missing_functions.php:26\n#, php-format\nmsgid \"File '%s' is not an image.\"", "\nmsgstr \"Plik '%s' musi być obrazkiem\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_db.php:207\nmsgid \"<strong>Note:</strong> this website let you personalize your password; after the registration you will receive an e-mail with another password, do not care about that!\"", "\nmsgstr \"<strong>Uwaga:</strong> ta witryna umożliwi ci ustawienie własnego hasła. ", "Po rejestracji otrzymasz email z innym hasłem, zignoruj to pole.\"", "\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:214\nmsgid \"Password\"\nmsgstr \"Hasło\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:236\nmsgid \"Password confirmation\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:258\nmsgid \"First name\"\nmsgstr \"Imię\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:280\nmsgid \"Last name\"\nmsgstr \"Nazwisko\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:302\nmsgid \"Nickname\"\nmsgstr \"Pseudonim\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:346\nmsgid \"AIM\"\nmsgstr \"AIM\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:368\nmsgid \"Yahoo IM\"\nmsgstr \"Yahoo IM\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:390\nmsgid \"Jabber / Google Talk\"\nmsgstr \"Jabber / Google Talk\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_user_extra_fields.php:412\nmsgid \"Biographical Info\"\nmsgstr \"Biografia\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_functions.php:431\nmsgid \"no fieldset\"\nmsgstr \"brak grup pól\"\n\n#: /var/www/wp-content/plugins/cimy-user-extra-fields/cimy_uef_functions.php:435\nmsgid \"All\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#~ msgid \"&laquo; Back to All Users\"\n#~ msgstr \"&laquo; Powrót do wszystkich\"\n\n#~ msgid \"A&amp;U Extended\"\n#~ msgstr \"Rozszerzenia\"\n\n#~ msgid \"Users Matching \\\"%s\\\"\"\n#~ msgstr \"Użytkownicy pasujący do wzorca \\\"%s\\\"\"\n\n#~ msgid \"Users Extended List\"\n#~ msgstr \"Rozszerzona lista użytkowników\"\n\n#~ msgid \"Authors &amp; Users Extended List\"\n#~ msgstr \"Rozszerzona lista użytkowników i autorów\"\n\n#, fuzzy\n#~ msgid \"Username:\"\n#~ msgstr \"Nazwa użytkownika\"\n\n#, fuzzy\n#~ msgid \"Password:\"\n#~ msgstr \"Hasło\"\n\n#, fuzzy\n#~ msgid \"\"\n#~ \"<strong>Note:</strong> this website let you personalize your password; \"\n#~ \"after activating the user/blog will be displayed another password, do not \"\n#~ \"care about that!\"", "\n#~ msgstr \"\"\n#~ \"<strong>Anm.:</strong> Diese Webseite lässt Sie Ihr Passwort frei wählen. \"", "\n#~ \"Nach der Registrierung erhalten Sie eine E-Mail mit einem anderen \"\n#~ \"Passwort. ", "Bitte löschen Sie diese ungesehen.\"", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWant to use both GET and POST methods\n\nI know result page that uses GET method can be bookmarked while the one using POST cannot be. ", "I also know about the restrictions of the GET methods. ", "\nNow suppose I want to build a search engine which by default uses GET allowing users to bookmark but when the length of the search phrase exceeds the limit, switch to POST. ", "On the server side I make use of $_GET or $_POST depending on which is set.", "\nIs this doable? ", "\nIf no, why?", "\nIf yes, please provide a brief outline.", "\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nIt is doable, no problem. ", "\nThere is the $_REQUEST array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.", "\nJust have your engine check both $_GET[\"variable\"] and $_POST[\"variable\"] and use whichever is set. ", "If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.", "\nThe only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes). ", "\nI think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters.", "\n\nA:\n\nHere's how you could use GET and POST in one:\n<form action=\"myfile.php?var1=get1&amp;var2=get2&amp;var3=get3\" method=\"post\">\n\n <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"var1\" value=\"post1\" />\n <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"var2\" value=\"post2\" />\n\n <input type=\"submit\" />\n</form>\n\nThe PHP:\nprint_r($_REQUEST);\n// var1 = \"post1\"\n// var2 = \"post2\"\n// var3 = \"get3\"\n\nprint_r($_GET)\n// var1 = \"get1\"\n// var2 = \"get2\"\n// var3 = \"get3\"\n\nprint_r($_POST);\n// var1 = \"post1\"\n// var2 = \"post2\"\n\n" ]

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[ "This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated. ", "Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated.", "\n\nUPDATE:\n\nHamilton County sheriff’s deputies said the search for Philip Paligraf has ended. ", "Authorities in Montgomery County found him dead after his truck was involved in a single-vehicle crash. ", "Paligraf’s body and truck were found in a wooded area. ", "Further information was unavailable.", "\n\nEARLIER:\n\nHAMILTON COUNTY – Hamilton County authorities need help finding a missing Fishers man.", "\n\nPhilip Paligraf, 58, was due back Saturday from a trip to Crawfordsville. ", "Family members said he never came home. ", "His truck, a gray 2005 GMC Sonoma with Indiana truck plate 294AT, is also being sought.", "\n\nPaligraf was last seen around 2 p.m. near Offield Monument Road in Crawfordsville.", "\n\nAnyone with information about Paligraf should call the Hamilton County Sheriff’s Office at (317) 773-1282." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHost .net core app with iis give a database access error\n\nI have a .Net Core 2.0 application that I host in IIS 7. ", "\nWith IIS Express the application works fine and I'm able to connect to the database successfully. ", "With IIS I get this error:\n\nCannot open database \"Books\" requested by the login. ", "The login failed. ", "Login failed for user 'DOMAINNAME\\PCNAME$'.", "\n\nMy connectionString in appsettings.production.json file looks like this : \n\"ConnectionStrings\": {\n \"BooksDatabase\": \"Server=PCNAME\\\\SQLEXPRESS;Database=Books;user id=iisAccess;password=iisPassword;Trusted_Connection=True;ConnectRetryCount=0;MultipleActiveResultSets=true\"\n};\n\nWhat am I doing wrong and why does it say that the \"login failed for 'DOMAINNAME\\PCNAME$'\" when I put the credentials user id=iisAccess;password=iisPassword; in my JSON file?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou are asking for Windows Authentication:\nTrusted_Connection=True\n\nRemove this part of the connection string and give it another try.", "\nThe reason for the error goes along these lines:\nIISExpress runs as a normal process in your logon session. ", "So it runs with your Windows Credentials. ", "When your app is running inside IISExpress it is actually running under your credential, and when you connect to the database using Windows Authentication, is your login that SQL Server will receive.", "\nThe full IIS on the other hand runs as a service under a different session and a different user account. ", "There are the application pools that also play a part and run under yet another account. ", "But the main thing is that those default IIS accounts are local accounts, so they have no \"visibility\" to another computers. ", "Hence when your app tries to connect to SQL Server, SQL \"sees\" the machine account, which goes by the name DOMAIN\\MACHINE$.\n\n" ]

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[ "Fatal Betrayal (Book\n1, Mort and Miller Murder Mysteries)\n\n“Fatal Betrayal” by Bruce Forester is a murder mystery that captured my attention really fast. ", "Mort and Millie are highly recommended psychiatrists in New York. ", "They have a Monday night therapy class for a group of eight patients who have anger issues or violent tendencies. ", "The purpose of the group is to open up and regain the trust that each of the patients has lost.", "\n\nOne of the younger members of the group is found dead, the medical examiner is sure that it is from an allergic reaction that caused heart failure. ", "But when two others are found dead with seemingly similar cause, things start heating up. ", "The local prescient and the FBI are now involved and on the hunt for a murderer.", "\n\nMillie is for sure that Mort is in danger but Mort is in denial. ", "He is sure that the deaths are just tragic coincidences. ", "As the book goes on, lies are exposed and the trust that Mort and Millie had in their patients was now being challenged. ", "Did everyone have secrets? ", "How could all of that made it past them when they put the group together?", "\n\nI could tell that Bruce had experience in therapy as I felt like all of the communication and the dialog was spot on as by a psychiatrist with their patients. ", "Everything was well thought out and the m\n\nystery was very intriguing. ", "I happen to love mystery/thrillers and this was surely a title that I will\n\nkeep for a long time.", "\n\nI am excited to see more from Bruce Forester in the future. ", "The back book jacket says this title is the first in 14 of Mort and Millie murder mysteries. ", "I cannot wait! ", "Keep them coming! “", "Fatal Betrayal” by Bruce Forester is highly recommended!!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nChecking encrypted Azure SQL Server traffic\n\nI have a client which makes connection to a Azure SQL Server. ", "In the connection string I have added Encrypt=True to make sure that the data between SQL Server and the client is encrypted.", "\nNow I want to check if this is really the case and that I (and everyone else) cannot see SQL queries.", "What is the best way to check this? ", "I can use a sniffer like Wireshark to check the traffic on port 1433 (the SQL port), but is this the best way to do this?", "\n\nA:\n\nIt is true that all connections to SQL Azure are encrypted – whether you use the Encrypt=True string or not. ", "It will force the connection to encrypt even if you don’t- as connection settings cannot reduce the level of security. ", "However, you do want to use that string, for a couple of reasons.", "\nWhenever you include the Encrypt=True string, the connection will require that your client validate the Certificate that SQL Azure presents, to ensure that key is the one used by Microsoft. ", "If you don’t include that string, it’s possible – not probable, but possible – that someone could set up a false DNS to cause your certificate to be validated elsewhere. ", "More likely, the certificate will not be validated. ", "And if the certificate cannot be validated, the connection attempt fails. ", "For more information please refer to link and link.", "\nSo, when you use tool to capture the packet, you all get encrypted packets.", "No one could see your queries.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Improvisation in music therapy\n\nIn music therapy improvisation is defined as a process where the client and therapist relate to each other. ", "The client makes up music, musical improvisation, while singing or playing, extemporaneously creating a melody, rhythm, song, or instrumental piece. ", "In clinical improvisation, client and therapist (or client and other clients) relate to one another through the music. ", "Improvisation may occur individually, in a duet, or in a group. ", "The client may use any musical or nonmusical medium within his or her capabilities. ", "Musical media includes voice, body sound, percussion, and string, wind, and keyboard instruments. ", "Nonmusical media can consist of images, titles, and stories.", "\n\nHow improvisation fits into music therapy \n\nMusic therapy is a systematic process; it is not a series of random events. ", "Systematic means that music therapy is \"purposeful, organized, methodical, knowledge-based, and regulated\" (Bruscia 1998). ", "One of the most important features is its methodical processes. ", "Methodical means that music therapy always proceeds in an orderly fashion. ", "It involves three basic steps: assessment, treatment, and evaluation. ", "Treatment is the part of a music therapy process in which the therapist engages the client in various musical experiences, employing specific methods and in-the-moment techniques. ", "When planning treatment, the music therapist has to select the types of music and music experiences that will be most relevant to the client. ", "There are four basic types of music experiences, or methods, in which a client may be engaged: listening, re-creating, composition, and improvisation.", "\n\nCharacteristics of improvisation in music therapy\n\nClinical Improvisation is a generative and creative process of musical intervention involving the client's spontaneous creation of sounds and music. ", "It helps the client to explore aspects of self, in relation to others, in an appropriate way. ", "Improvisation also generates new and individualized musical forms. ", "Using musical improvisation in a therapeutic setting can increase independence. ", "The interactive use of improvisation facilitates problem-solving, because it is flexible rather than predetermined. ", "Getting the client involved in an improvisational experience can develop social skills and interaction.", "\n\nClinical goals of improvisation experiences \n\nAccording to Bruscia (1998), clinical goals that can be achieved through improvisation are as follows:\n Establish a nonverbal channel of communication, and a bridge to verbal communication\n Provide a fulfilling means of self-expression and identity formation\n Explore various aspects of self in relation to others\n Develop the capacity for interpersonal intimacy\n Develop group skills\n Develop creativity, expressive freedom, and playfulness with various degrees of structure\n Stimulate and develop the senses\n Play, on the spot, with a decisiveness that invites clarity of intention\n Develop perceptual and cognitive skills\n\nImprovisational methods and their variations \n\nImprovisation can be carried out with both musical and nonmusical references. (", "Bruscia 1987, 10)\n Referential improvisations are those in which the client improvises to portray a nonmusical reference (e.g., an event, feeling, image, relationship, etc.)", "\n Non-referential improvisations are those in which the client improvises without reference to anything other than the sounds or music.", "\n Frequently used variations are as follows:\n\nBasic therapeutic techniques \n\nBruscia (1987) and Wigram (2004) introduced a variety of improvisational techniques in their books. ", "Among these, there are a few major therapeutic techniques. ", "Imitating is a basic technique of empathy in which the music therapist copies or repeats a client's response, after the response has been displayed. ", "The music therapist focuses on any sound, rhythm, interval or even facial expression. ", "Reflecting is a technique in which the music therapist expresses the same moods or feelings which have been presented by the client. ", "Rhythmic grounding is implemented by establishing a steady beat or rhythm, supporting the client's improvisation. ", "The use of a rhythmic ostinato is an example of rhythmic grounding. ", "Dialoguing is a process in which the music therapist and the client communicate through their improvisations. ", "Lastly, accompanying is a technique in which the music therapist supports the client's improvisation by giving an accompaniment that consists of rhythm, melody, and chord progressions.", "\n\nIntegration of therapeutic methods \n\nIt is important to have variety in music therapy sessions. ", "Improvisation should be conducted using more than just one or two methods and techniques. ", "It is also critical to maintain flexibility during the improvisation. ", "For example, the music therapist can preserve a flexible session flow by incorporating several methods, such as imitating, accompanying, dialoguing, and rhythmic grounding.", "\n\nReferences \n\nBruscia, Kenneth E. 1987. ", "Improvisational Models of Music Therapy. ", "Springfielf,IL; Charles C. Thomas Publications.", "\nBruscia, Kenneth E. 1998. ", "Defining Music Therapy. ", "Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Publishers.", "\nWigram, Tony. ", "2004. ", "Improvisation: Methods and Techniques for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students. ", "New York:Jessica Kingsley Publishers.", "\n\nExternal links \n Improvisation, with definitions and characteristics of improvisation.", "\n American Music Therapy Association (AMTA)\n\nTherapy\nCategory:Music therapy" ]

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[ "Motility induction in hamster spermatozoa from caput epididymidis: effects of forward motility protein (FMP) and calmodulin inhibitor.", "\nThe motility characteristics and the behaviour of caput spermatozoa were investigated. ", "After dilution in B2 medium the majority of spermatozoa presented head-to-head agglutination and a twisted flagellum. ", "Only a small population of these spermatozoa developed an anarchic motility pattern. ", "The addition of crude bovine epididymal fluid forward motility protein (FMP) to the incubation medium suppressed flagellar angulation and agglutination. ", "The addition of FMP to caffeine-activated spermatozoa induced a slow-swimming progressive movement in about 10% of the spermatozoa. ", "In order to establish an hypothetical role of FMP in the regulation of calcium transport a calmodulin inhibitor, fluphenazin, was tested. ", "When added to caffeine-activated spermatozoa at a rate of 10(-5) M, it induced about 15% of progressive spermatozoa with flagellar angulations. ", "The trajectories of these spermatozoa were similar to those observed in samples of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis. ", "It is concluded that during epididymal maturation a calcium-dependent mechanism might be involved in the transformation of an irregular movement into a progressive movement." ]

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[ "The media hastily have distanced themselves from their projections of street brawls and naked partisanship at the Salute to America event following a largely patriotic, unobjectionable July 4 speech by President Trump. ", "Since TV news audiences are unlikely to hear talking heads acknowledge their numerous false predictions, here is a reminder of the worst of the bunch — ranging from the cynical to the absurd.", "\n\nWatch: Worst of The Media's False Doomsday Predictions\n\nThe common line across broadcast and cable news alike was that President Trump would give something akin to a campaign rally speech. “", "You will hear criticism of his critics; you will hear a celebration of self in terms of how he sees his accomplishments,” declared New York Times White House correspondent and CNN analyst Maggie Haberman during July 3's New Day.", "\n\nLater that day on ABC’s World News Tonight, correspondent Stephanie Ramos touted the possibility that Trump was “turning a traditionally non-partisan event into a Trump-focused campaign-style rally.” ", "Meanwhile, MSNBC host Lawrence O’Donnell referred to the event as “Donald Trump’s campaign rally in Washington, paid for by the American taxpayer.”", "\n\nNews personalities also worried that the military parade had totalitarian undertones, taking the opportunity to compare the President to various authoritarian dictators for the ten millionth time. “", "The President’s vision bears a closer resemblance to the chest-thumping displays put on by authoritarian regimes,” spat MSNBC’s Chris Matthews on July 3’s Hardball.", "\n\nMatthews also foresaw Trump supporters causing violence and chaos in the streets of D.C.:\n\nA lot of people are gonna show up who are pro-Trump. ", "They’re gonna have their Confederate flags flying and their license plates and all kinds of trouble making. ", "There’ll be a lot of other people, they’re gonna meet like in a storm, and you’re gonna have a real conflict.", "\n\nPerhaps the most absurd concerns about the event were voiced by Esquire writer Charlie Pierce, who appeared to worry that tanks would be falling into the Potomac. “", "The speech is gonna be dreadful, and there’s all kinds of catastrophes. ", "They’re not sure if the bridges over the Potomac can handle the tanks,” Pierce pontificated on the July 2 All In. ", "He also implied that some unspecified disaster might befall F-35 pilots during their scheduled flyover, citing “the inability to eject” from the plane “without beheading yourself.”", "\n\nUndeterred by the President’s nonpartisan speech, the media have begun focusing on one of his verbal fumbles, wherein he referenced “airports” during the Revolutionary War, in their search for something wrong with the celebration. ", "One wonders whether they’d have preferred for their predictions to come to fruition; they’d certainly have more ammunition to declare the event an abject failure that way." ]

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[ "The use of composite resins in combination with anchorage posts as core material in endodontically treated teeth: clinical aspects of the technique.", "\nIn vitro tests and a clinical examination of 51 patients who were treated over a period of 12 years have demonstrated that a composite resin core that is surrounded by a gold crown may provide the same function and strength as a conventional gold core. ", "However, the method demands a thorough knowledge of the materials and a careful and detailed technique. ", "The importance of an initially effective dentinal bond to the chosen hybrid composite resin is stressed. ", "Zinc phosphate cements and the technique of cementing are also discussed. ", "In most cases, a damaged root will have to be reinforced with a post, and the author recommends the use of a threaded titanium post that fits well and is bound to the root with a so-called passive cementation technique. ", "The author has also had positive experiences with composite resin crowns, which can be expected to have a functional life of at least 10 years." ]

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[ "Guardian Unlimited | Operation Clark County\n\nNot American? ", "Still wish you could somehow influence the coming presidential election? ", "Got a way with words? ", "Then write a letter to an undecided American voter about how important you feel the outcome will be for you and the rest of the world." ]

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[ "* the very generic tools\ndirectory name \"policy\" is changed to \"security\"\nand the included\n\"policy_tool\" to \"secpol_tool\"\n\n* the single constant POLICY_INTERFACE_VERSION\nis replaced by ACM_INTERFACE_VERSION;\nthe security policy headers are versioned independently\nsince the policy can be supplied at boot time instead of\nthrough the hypervisor interface" ]

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[ "O ministro Teori Zavascki foi sorteado como relator do mandado de segurança que o governo impetrou nesta terça-feira (10) no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para tentar anular o processo de impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff que tramita no Congresso Nacional.", "\n\nA assessoria de Zavascki afirmou que o ministro passará a noite analisando o pedido e que deve proferir uma decisão só na manhã desta quarta (11) – quando começa a sessão no Senado que decidirá sobre a abertura do processo de impeachment de Dilma.", "\n\nNo mandado de segurança, o governo aponta que o então presidente da Câmara, Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ), aceitou o pedido de impeachment, em dezembro, em retaliação a Dilma e ao PT, por votarem a favor da abertura do processo de cassação do deputado no Conselho de Ética da Câmara.", "\n\n“Tal imoral proceder consistia em equilibrar-se entre governo e oposição a fim de barganhar apoio para o não recebimento da representação oferecida perante o Conselho de Ética. ", "Ao primeiro, oferecia o arquivamento das denúncias contra a Presidenta da República; à segunda, oferecia o contrário, o acolhimento de alguma delas”, afirma a peça.", "\n\nA AGU diz que as “ameaças e chantagens” de Cunha não foram em vão junto ao governo. “", "No mesmo dia em que os deputados do PT integrantes do Conselho de Ética declararam voto pela abertura do processo administrativo contra o Presidente da Câmara, poucas horas depois, ele recebeu a denúncia por crime de responsabilidade contra a Presidenta da República. ", "Era o fim do ‘leilão’”, diz outro trecho.", "\n\nAs supostas chantagens de Cunha, continua a peça, não se limitaram ao acolhimento da denúncia contra Dilma.", "\n\nDurante o processo na Câmara, diz a AGU, o deputado também teria orientado os autores do pedido a aditarem o documento para atender requisitos legais; convocou sessões às segundas e sextas para acelerar o trâmite; e autorizou líderes a orientarem a votação das bancadas.", "\n\nA ação também ataca a escolha do relator do pedido na Câmara, deputado Jovair Arantes (PTB-GO), classificada como “barganha imoral”, de modo que o relatório fosse contrário a Dilma. ", "Em troca, diz a peça, Cunha apoiaria Arantes para lhe suceder no comando da Câmara.", "\n\n“A intenção do presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, pelas circunstâncias, foi apenas uma: trazer óbices quase que intransponíveis à defesa da Presidenta da República, na medida em que o próprio conjunto de fatos denunciados se tomou ‘incerto’, fazendo com que parlamentares discutissem outros fatos que não aqueles que integram o objeto da denúncia”, aponta outro trecho.", "\n\nQuestionamento sobre 'justa causa' do processo\n\nNa entrevista à imprensa para explicar a ação, Cardozo disse que ainda poderá questionar junto à Justiça, por exemplo, a “justa causa” do processo. ", "Trata-se de questionar se havia motivos concretos que justificassem a denúncia contra Dilma.", "\n\nO presidente do STF, Ricardo Lewandowski, já manifestou a possibilidade de a Corte analisar se atos imputados a Dilma configuram crimes de responsabilidade, função que cabe, em princípio, somente ao Senado.", "\n\nO pedido do governo diz, ainda, se basear em decisão do próprio STF que suspendeu o mandato de Cunha e o afastou da presidência da Câmara, na semana passada.", "\n\nO advogado-geral da União, José Eduardo Cardozo, disse em entrevista, que todo o procedimento da Câmara foi viciado por “desvio de poder”.", "\n\nO acolhimento da denúncia e outros atos posteriores no trâmite do impeachment, argumentou, se enquadram nos motivos apontados por Janot para afastar o peemedebista.", "\n\nImpeachment no Senado\n\nAtualmente, o processo de impeachment está em análise no Senado. ", "A expectativa é que os senadores decidam em plenário, nesta quarta, sobre a abertura do processo de impeachment e o consequente afastamento da presidente por até 180 dias. ", "Se isso acontecer, o vice-presidente Michel Temer assume a Presidência no período.", "\n\nNa madrugada desta terça, o presidente interino da Câmara dos Deputados, Waldir Maranhão (PP-MA) recuou e decidiu revogar a decisão que proferiu no dia anterior para tentar anular a sessão da Câmara que aprovou a abertura do processo de impeachment.", "\n\nO ministro José Eduardo Cardozo admitiu ter conversado duas vezes com Maranhão para antes de o presidente interino da Câmara ter anunciado, na manhã de segunda, a decisão de anular a votação.", "\n\nO presidente do Senado, Renan Calheiros (PMDB-AL), anunciou que não acataria a decisão de Waldir Maranhão e determinou a continuidade da tramitação do processo de impeachment. ", "Depois disso, Maranhão revogou a decisão." ]

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[ "Some hospital beds are equipped with wheels to enable transport of patients between individual workplaces of the hospital. ", "In the corners of the bottom frame of such a bed there are four travelling wheels that are freely turning around the vertical and horizontal axis. ", "Such a design makes it possible to move the bed easily in all directions, but during the movements along hospital corridors it is difficult to keep the straight direction. ", "This is why some beds are equipped with the fifth, so called guiding wheel that can be locked in the straight direction, so the bed keeps the straight direction.", "\nThe guiding wheel is usually positioned in the middle of the undercarriage, it is spring loaded and pressed to the floor with the force of approx. ", "200 to 500N. The control, i.e. locking of the guiding wheel in the straight direction may be either separate or derived from the control of the main wheels, or it may be self-locking.", "\nA disadvantage of structures with separate control where the wheel is lowered onto the floor in such a way that the control force must overcome the force of the pressing spring is that the control force is relatively high while the accumulated energy of the compressed spring causes impacts during the control as well as noise when the wheel hits the floor.", "\nIn structures with a horizontal rotation axis combined with a vertical axis and locking control derived from the control of main wheels the locking in the straight direction is “pre-selected”, but it is only activated when the bed starts moving after the part with the vertical axis turns to the straight direction due to the turning of the guiding wheel and the lock engages. ", "An advantage is a low control force. ", "A disadvantage in this case is delayed locking as the wheel is not locked in the straight direction until the corresponding parts of the locking mechanism are turned towards each other.", "\nIn structures with a horizontal rotation axis combined with a vertical axis and self-locking of the guiding wheel in the straight direction e.g. a spring-loaded ball is used against which a groove is created in the required place where the ball may fit into to prevent free turning of the guiding wheel around the vertical axis. ", "An advantage is that you do not need any other control since the wheel is locked automatically in the straight direction as soon as the ball fits into the corresponding groove. ", "A disadvantage is that if it is necessary to move the bed in another than straight direction, you must exert an increased pressure on the bed to make the spring-loaded ball get out of the groove to deactivate the locking of the guiding wheel while the straight direction is locked again when during the turning of the wheel around the vertical axis the ball gets to the groove again. ", "This is also related to the risk of spontaneous unlocking of the guiding wheel when passing through a bed due to an excessive side force.", "\nIn cheaper version of beds the fifth guiding wheel is not installed at all and locking in the straight direction is achieved by locking of one of the four main travelling wheels. ", "However, this solution requires higher skills of the personnel with regard to moving the bed and at the same time larger handling areas for turning (wider corridors) since the free end of the bed gets considerably out of direction." ]

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[ "[Postoperative mental blocking in a continuous reaction task. ", "With supplementary results showing the influence of age (author's transl)].", "\nBy means of a four colour device for measuring continuous reaction sequences the mental blockings of brain damaged patients in comparison with patients suffering from skin disease were determined. ", "Differences due to age were also investigated. ", "The analysis of frequency distribution of reaction times (dissection method according to Daeves and Beckel) yielded the following results: a) Brain damaged patients show a higher percentage of blockings (23%) than patients suffering from skin-disease (10%). \"", "Normal\" reaction times as well as \"blockings\" are not prolonged significantly. ", "b) Older patients show prolonged normal reaction times and prolonged blockings without increase in the percentage of blockings. ", "c) Patients with left hemisphere lesions show longer normal reaction times than those who undergo right hemisphere operations. ", "The results are discussed with regard to their significance for theory and practice (road accidents)." ]

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[ "Treatment of advanced esophageal cancer by means of irradiation, cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil.", "\nIn the years 1985-1990, 30 patients with locally advanced and/or disseminated cancer of the esophagus (Stages III and IV) were treated by radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (ChT) containing cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). ", "The median survival of the patients was 8 months (range 2.5-39 months); 13 Stage III patients survived 3-36 months respectively (median 11 months), while 17 Stage IV patients survived 2.5-27 months, respectively (median 6.5 months). ", "The survival depended statistically significantly (p < 0.05) only on the presence or absence of residual tumor after therapy and not on other parameters observed. ", "Clinical response to treatment was evaluated in 16/30 patients as follows: CR was obtained in 4 patients, PR in two, and NR in 10 patients. ", "Median survival of 4 patients with CR was 31 months; relatively high rate of CR (4/16) could be explained by the small number of patients. ", "However, favorable survival results in individual patients may be expected even in larger series, though the rate responders may be somewhat lower than that obtained in our study." ]

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[ "Porous and porous-compact ceramics in orthopedics.", "\nA bioceramic material has been obtained by a group of researchers with the collaboration of bone surgeons and veterinary doctors. ", "This material has the following properties: chemical composition, 97% Al2O3, 2.5% MgO, and 0.5% CaO; mineral composition, alpha-Al2O3 corundum, MgAl2O4 spinel; open porosity, 70-80%; pore diameter, more than 90% of pores between 100 and 800 microns; bending strength, approximately 15 MPa. ", "Experiments performed on rats, rabbits, and sheep demonstrated good biocompatibility with the material implanted in their bone tissue. ", "The outer and the inner pores were filled with the healthy bone tissue adherent to the ceramic material, and a strong biologic bond was created. ", "The material penetrated by this mineralized bone tissue increased its mechanical strength by about 70%. ", "These properties of the material may encourage its application to bone surgery. ", "The porous ceramics were implanted in the bones of more than 200 patients. ", "Observations revealed that the process of bone tissue ingrowth into the pores of material had been accomplished in two to three months. ", "The application of the material included filling the bone cysts, postsurgical or trauma-related bone defects, destroyed vertebra caused by the removal of bone tumors, and in the alloplasty of the hip joint. ", "A modification of the ceramic material described above has been developed: a porous-compact ceramic material that is integrally bonded and has mechanical strength several times greater than the porous one. ", "It also enables the biologic connection with the bone. ", "This type of material has been used for filling the dome of the acetabulum in the \"coxa protrusa\" and in the alloplasties of the hip joint." ]

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[ "Carolina Eiras\n\nCarolina Eiras (born 3 March 1969) is an Argentine alpine skier. ", "She competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1969 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Argentine female alpine skiers\nCategory:Olympic alpine skiers of Argentina\nCategory:Alpine skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics\nCategory:Alpine skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics\nCategory:Place of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Once you’ve installed Kodi, you’ll need to create a media library; there are two ways to do this. ", "Firstly, you can import all video or audio files that are stored on your device. ", "This allows you to watch them without an internet connection but can quickly use up all of your device’s storage space. ", "Instead, you also have the option of installing addons. ", "These are Kodi plugins that create their own content libraries by gathering media that’s hosted online. ", "These libraries often contain far more content than your device could store, but they require an internet connection to work.", "\n\nCovenant is one such addon. ", "It is a fork of the popular Exodus addon, but there are some significant problems with it. ", "In this article we’ll be explaining what exactly Covenant is, how it works, and exploring some of the risks that all Kodi addons share, whether official or third-party.", "\n\nKodi has been on the receiving end of a lot of negative press recently. ", "Much of this stems from the fact that some third-party addons have been providing users with unrestricted access to licensed content. ", "Kodi itself is completely legal to use, however, copyright laws differ from location to location and as a result, it is vital that you research the laws regarding streaming content online where you are before attempting to install an addon for this purpose.", "\n\nComparitech does not condone or encourage any violation of copyright restrictions, including illegal streaming through Kodi. ", "Kodi can be used for many excellent, legal online streaming purposes. ", "Please consider the law, victims, and risks of piracy before downloading or streaming copyrighted material without permission. ", "Always do you own research before accessing any Kodi add-on, stream or repository.", "\n\nImportant: How to use Kodi safely and privately\n\nWith countries all around the world increasing the strength and scope of their surveillance powers, it’s no surprise that more and more people are turning to virtual private networks (VPN) to keep themselves and their data private. ", "However, some people view VPNs as some kind of mysterious tool used only by hackers or people with something to hide. ", "The truth is that there are many reasons why a law-abiding citizen might use a VPN, especially if they’re a Kodi user.", "\n\nDid you know that your internet service provider (ISP) is allowed to sell or store your browsing history? ", "If you’ve ever searched for a product online and received mail about it, this could be why. ", "If that wasn’t bad enough, several ISPs have been caught intentionally limiting the internet speeds of their users. ", "This is generally done to discourage you from streaming video online and can have a huge impact on your viewing experience.", "\n\nYour ISP isn’t the only one interested in your browsing habits, though. ", "Hackers can use a technique called a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack to intercept all of your web traffic. ", "They can use this to find out your online banking details or login credentials, and they can even force you to download malware that gives them greater control of your computer.", "\n\nYou can protect yourself from both of these threats using a VPN. ", "Because a VPN routes all of your network traffic through an encrypted tunnel, the majority of MitM attacks simply won’t work. ", "Should one succeed, the attacker will still be unable to view your activities without breaking the VPN’s encryption. ", "Your ISP will only be able to see that you’ve connected to a VPN and not what you’re doing. ", "Since they https://www.comparitech.com/go/ipvanish-covenant/don’t know that you’re streaming video, they’re less likely to automatically throttle your connection. ", "This leaves your network speeds intact and can help resolve buffering or stuttering issues that are encountered by Kodi users will slow internet connections.", "\n\nWe recommend IPVanish. ", "It’s a very popular VPN with Kodi users because it offers some of the fastest speeds and a very stable connection. ", "This is because unlike most of their competitors, IPVanish builds and maintains their own server infrastructure. ", "Geo-restricted content is no longer an issue, either. ", "Accessing restricted media with IPVanish is as simple as connecting to a server in one of their 55 supported countries.", "\n\nIPVanish works with every Kodi addon we’ve tested and even comes in the default Amazon Firestick app store. ", "Additionally, it has dedicated Android and iOS apps to allow you to remain protected even when you’re on the move.", "\n\nWhat is the Covenant Kodi addon?", "\n\nCovenant is a fork of the Exodus Kodi addon. ", "Since Exodus is no longer being updated by its creators, Covenant is effectively its replacement. ", "This addon works by gathering links to content that is hosted on various websites and delivering these to the user for easier access.", "\n\nThe main problem with this addon is that the vast majority of its content is unlicensed. ", "While you can turn off specific providers, there are only a handful of official sources. ", "This was a conscious decision by the development team and means that it’s very easy to find unlicensed media but users who wish to watch legitimate content will have to research each title individually before watching.", "\n\nThere is some public domain content available through Covenant such as 1932’s Bird of Paradise. ", "While you can search films by their year of release, there’s no guarantee that even the oldest movies will be legal to watch. ", "This is because there exists no exhaustive list of public domain content. ", "It’s a shame to see an addon with such a well-organized media library cater primarily to unlicensed titles. ", "Its strong categorization and extensive library could have been used to create a fully legal resource for finding hard to find public domain titles.", "\n\nAlternatives to the Covenant addon\n\nCovenant offers some public domain content, however it has a far larger selection of unlicensed titles. ", "Kodi users looking to watch films and TV shows would be better served by one of the following official addons. ", "These use only official sources, have media libraries which rival or exceed that of Covenant’s, and are completely legal to use.", "\n\nFilmRise – Youtube\n\nFilmRise is a company which distributes independent films and TV shows. ", "There are two FilmRise Kodi addons available, but the one named FilmRise – Youtube has a far more extensive library of titles.", "\n\nIts content is grouped by genre and long-running series’ have their own playlists so you don’t have to navigate through multiple pages of results. ", "While this addon’s structure could be better (there are both “TV” and “Television” categories, for example), for the most part, it’s simple enough to find something to watch. ", "The majority of the movies are fairly low budget, but there are some classics like Irvine Welsh’s 1998 adaptation of The Acid House, as well as a few reasonably popular TV shows like Forensic Files and America’s Dumbest Criminals.", "\n\nThe FilmRise – Youtube Kodi addon can be found with the Indigo addon installer or in theMetalChris repository.", "\n\nVimeo\n\nWhen most people think of online video platforms, they jump to YouTube. ", "However, if you’re interested in independent films, documentaries, or music, Vimeo may actually be a better choice.", "\n\nWith the Vimeo Kodi addon you can watch award-winning content uploaded by the people who created it. ", "The content on Vimeo tends to have higher production values than YouTube and although there are fewer videos available, unlike on Youtube, there are very few which could be considered “low-effort.”", "\n\nSome creators on Vimeo choose to charge money for their videos, however the majority do not. ", "If you really like a particular user’s work, Vimeo provides a way to show your support but this is entirely optional. ", "Even if you don’t want to pay money, there are thousands of videos available, spanning almost every genre so you’ll always be able to find something that interests you.", "\n\nThe Kodi Vimeo addon can be found in the official Kodi addon repository.", "\n\nFilmOn.", "TV\n\nIf you’re more interested in TV shows than movies, FilmOn.", "TV might be a good fit. ", "It’s a service that provides live TV streams from channels all over the world and as a bonus, many of them are free to watch. ", "You’ll require a premium FilmOn subscription if you’d like to watch in HD, but if standard definition doesn’t bother you, all channels are free in SD..\n\nFilmOn’s media library is well organized. ", "Content is separated into folders based on its genre and country of origin. ", "This allows you to quickly find the channels you’re interested in without having to scroll through multiple pages of results. ", "There are channels from the US, UK, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, so regardless of where you’re from, you’ll be able to tune in to channels from your home country.", "\n\nThis addon isn’t perfect. ", "There is no way to search directly for a specific channel and its selection of on-demand content is lacking. ", "That said, FilmOn is one of the easiest, free ways to watch live TV legally using Kodi.", "\n\nOverview and privacy concerns\n\nCovenant has a large media library but as most of its providers host primarily unlicensed content, it offers little to Kodi users looking to stream legally.", "\n\nAll Kodi addons, whether official or third-party, are vulnerable to hijacking. ", "Official addons tend to be more secure due to their rigorous vetting and testing procedures, but third-party addons like Covenant are usually not checked as thoroughly during development. ", "As a result, Covenant may contain more unpatched vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit than a legitimate source of content.", "\n\nCovenant may be popular, but there are plenty of safer, legal ways to watch movies and TV on Kodi. ", "We’ve covered some of these above, but there are several other options available. ", "Considering that there are so many alternatives that provide a similar level of experience without providing unlicensed content, we do not recommend that Kodi users install or stream content with Covenant." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGit/Heroku - How to hide my SECRET_KEY?", "\n\nIm using Python and Django to create a Heroku web app and Heroku gives me this error after the command 'git push heroku master': ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'dlist.secret_settings' when attempting to do this:\n#settings.py\nfrom .secret_settings import * \n# from secret_settings.py import * doesn't work for some reason.", "\n\nHere is what secret_settings.py (which is in the same folder as settings.py) contains:\n#secret_settings.py\nSECRET_KEY = 'string here'\n\nThe problem is, this works when I test my web app on my local server (ie http://127.0.0.1:8000/), but its not working when I push these changes to Heroku. ", "All I want to do is hide my SECRET_KEY, per others advice, as you can see. ", "Ive looked at others suggestions and I can't seem to figure it out, choosing this method because it was understandable. ", "Very frustrating. ", "Beginner friendly answers/steps are greatly appreciated. ", " \n\nA:\n\nI'm guessing you've configured Git to ignore secret_settings.py. ", "That's the only reason I can think of to create a separate file.", "\nHeroku deploys are powered by Git. ", "Since secret_settings.py isn't tracked by Git it doesn't get pushed to Heroku. ", "You could add the file to your repository, but that would defeat the purpose of having a separate untracked file in the first place.", "\nThe solution is to use an environment variable. ", "This is well-supported on Heroku.", "\nIn your settings.py file, set your SECRET_KEY using os.getenv() like this:\nimport os\n\nSECRET_KEY = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY', 'Optional default value')\n\nThis tells Django to load your SECRET_KEY setting from an environment variable called SECRET_KEY. ", "If no such environment variable exists it will fall back to the optional default value. ", "On your development machine it's probably fine to use the default.", "\nFinally, set the SECRET_KEY environment variable on Heroku. ", "You can do this by running heroku config:set SECRET_KEY=\"YOUR_SECRET_KEY_VALUE\" on your development machine, or via Heroku's web-based dashboard.", "\nYour secret_settings.py file is no longer required.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nTemplate Specializations and Static Locals\n\nI have a class X...\nclass X {...}\n\nand I want to have one instance of X for each distinct type of some set of types. ", " (Some of these types are not classes and/or not written by me.)", "\nTo do this I thought of:\ntemplate<typename T> X& XT();\n\nand then for each type A, B and C:\ntemplate<> X& XT<A>() { static X x; return x; }\ntemplate<> X& XT<B>() { static X x; return x; }\ntemplate<> X& XT<C>() { static X x; return x; }\n\nWill this work? ", "Is this the best way of doing it? ", "What are some alternative ways?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou don't need to specialize the function. ", "You can simply do this:\ntemplate<typename T> \nX& XT() \n{ \n static X x; \n return x; \n}\n\nAnd use it as:\nX &xa = XT<A>();\nX &xb = XT<B>();\nX &xc = XT<C>();\nX &xd = XT<A>(); //xd is same as xa\n\nAll three objects xa, xb and xc are different instances of X. However, xa and xd are same instances, as they both call the same function.", "\nThe point here to be noted is that the compiler instantiates different function for each different template argument. ", "So XT<A>() is a different function than XT<B>(), and each function has its own static local variables. ", "So the static local variable in XT<A>() is a different instance than the variable in XT<B>().", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nBinaryTree written in C#\n\nI've written a binary-tree using .NET Core 3.0. ", " What can I do to improve my coding style?", "\nusing System;\nusing System.", "IO;\nusing System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization;\nusing System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "Formatters.", "Binary;\n\nnamespace BinaryTree\n{\n /// <summary>\n /// Represents a binary tree <seealso href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree\"/>.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <typeparam name=\"T\">The type which this tree should contain.</typeparam>\n [Serializable]\n [DataContract]\n public class BinaryTree<T> where T : IComparable, new()\n {\n#if DEBUG\n /// <summary>\n /// Determines whether or not to log actions in the console.", "\n /// </summary>\n public static bool Log = true;\n#endif\n\n [DataMember]\n private Node<T> _parentNode;\n\n public BinaryTree()\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"Initializing binary-tree..\");\n#endif\n _parentNode = new Node<T>();\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Adds the specific item inside the binary-tree using binary-tree logic.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"item\">The item that will be added.</param>\n public void Add(T item)\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"Initializing binary-tree..\");\n#endif\n _parentNode.", "Add(item);\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Removes the specific item inside the binary-tree using binary-tree logic. ", "The root node cannot be removed.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"item\">The item that will be removed.</param>\n public void Remove(T item)\n {\n _parentNode.", "Remove(item);\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Searches for a specific item inside this binary-tree using binary-tree logic.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"item\"></param>\n /// <returns>Returns the count of said item if existing - 0 if otherwise.</returns>\n public int Contains(T item)\n {\n return _parentNode.", "Contains(item);\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Clears everything out of this binary-tree.", "\n /// </summary>\n public void Clear()\n {\n _parentNode = new Node<T>();\n }\n\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return obj is BinaryTree<T> tree && tree._parentNode.", "Equals(_parentNode);\n }\n\n public void Serialize(string file)\n {\n using (var writer = new StreamWriter(file))\n {\n var bf = new BinaryFormatter();\n bf.", "Serialize(writer.", "BaseStream, this);\n }\n }\n\n public static BinaryTree<T> Deserialize(string file)\n {\n using (var reader = new StreamReader(file))\n {\n var bf = new BinaryFormatter();\n return (BinaryTree<T>)bf.", "Deserialize(reader.", "BaseStream);\n }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Represents a node of a binary-tree. ", "This may be either a simple node, a parent, or a leaf.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <typeparam name=\"T\">The type which this node should contain.</typeparam>\n [Serializable]\n [DataContract]\n private class Node<T> where T : IComparable, new()\n {\n /// <summary>\n /// Right \"lower\" arm of current node - this is where everything bigger than this node is getting redirect towards.", "\n /// </summary>\n [DataMember]\n private Node<T> _bigger;\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Saved data and count of data - inside this specific node.", "\n /// </summary>\n [DataMember]\n private (T data, int count) _item;\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Root node, if existing.", "\n /// </summary>\n [DataMember]\n private Node<T> _parent;\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Left \"lower\" arm of current node - this is where everything smaller than this node is getting redirect towards.", "\n /// </summary>\n [DataMember]\n private Node<T> _smaller;\n\n private Node(T item)\n {\n _item = (item, 1);\n }\n\n public Node()\n {\n }\n\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return obj is Node<T> node &&\n (node._bigger?.Equals(_bigger) ?? _", "bigger == null) &&\n (node._item.data?.Equals(_item.data) ?? _", "item.data == null) &&\n (node._item.count.", "Equals(_item.count)) &&\n (node._parent?.Equals(_parent) ?? _", "parent==null) &&\n (node._smaller?.Equals(_smaller) ?? _", "smaller == null);\n }\n\n private void Set(T data)\n {\n if (_item.data.", "Equals(default(T)))\n {\n _item = (data, 1);\n return;\n }\n\n if (data.", "Equals(_item.data))\n _item.count++;\n else\n Add(data);\n }\n\n public void Remove(T data)\n {\n if (data.", "Equals(_item.data))\n {\n if (_item.count > 1)\n {\n _item.count--;\n }\n else\n {\n if (_parent == null) return;\n\n var replacement = new Node<T>(data)\n {\n _smaller = _smaller,\n _bigger = _bigger,\n _parent = _parent\n };\n\n if (_parent._item.data.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n _parent._smaller = replacement;\n else\n _parent._bigger = replacement;\n }\n }\n else\n {\n if (data.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n {\n _bigger?.Remove(data);\n if (_bigger !", "= null) _bigger._parent = this;\n }\n else\n {\n _smaller?.Remove(data);\n if (_smaller !", "= null) _smaller._parent = this;\n }\n }\n }\n\n public void Add(T item)\n {\n if (_item.data.", "Equals(default(T)))\n {\n Set(item);\n return;\n }\n\n if (item.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine($\"{item} > {_item.data} → move to right lower node..\");\n#endif\n (_bigger = CreateOrReturnNode(_bigger)).Set(item);\n }\n else\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine($\"{item} < {_item.data} → move to left lower node..\");\n#endif\n (_smaller = CreateOrReturnNode(_smaller)).Set(item);\n }\n }\n\n public int Contains(T value)\n {\n if (_item.data.", "Equals(value))\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"Item was found!\");", "\n#endif\n return _item.count;\n }\n\n if (value.", "CompareTo(_item.data).Equals(1))\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine($\"{value} > {_item.data} → search in right lower node..\");\n#endif\n return _bigger?.Contains(value) ?? ", "0;\n }\n\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine($\"{value} < {_item.data} → search in left lower node..\");\n#endif\n return _smaller?.Contains(value) ?? ", "0;\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Either creates a new node, or returns the existing one.", "\n /// </summary>\n /// <param name=\"node\">The node which is getting checked whether it is set or not.</param>\n /// <returns>Either a new node, or the already existing one.</returns>\n private static Node<T> CreateOrReturnNode(Node<T> node = null)\n {\n return node ?? ", "new Node<T>();\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nUpdated Version: https://github.com/TheRealVira/binary-tree/blob/master/BinaryTree/BinaryTree.cs\n\nA:\n\n public class BinaryTree<T> where T : IComparable, new()\n\nI suspect that you are unaware of the possibility of writing\n public class BinaryTree<T> where T : IComparable<T>, new()\n\nIf you did deliberately choose IComparable over IComparable<T>, it would be helpful to add a comment explaining why.", "\nWhy where T : new()? ", "The code doesn't call new T() anywhere.", "\nThe class would be a lot more powerful if you also implemented IEnumerable<T>, and ideally you would implement ICollection<T>.", "\n\n private Node<T> _parentNode;\n\nNode is an inner class, so it doesn't need the type parameter. ", "You can remove it, and T from the outer class will be in scope. ", "If you've come to C# from Java then note that this is one of the bigger differences in their type systems.", "\n\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"Initializing binary-tree..\");\n#endif\n\nIf you use System.", "Diagnostics.", "Debug.", "WriteLine then (a) you can skip all the #if DEBUG; (b) when running in Visual Studio the log will be available in the Output pane even after the process has finished.", "\nAlternatively you could take it up a level and use a proper runtime-configurable logging library like Serilog, log4net, ...\n\n public void Add(T item)\n {\n#if DEBUG\n if (Log)\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"Initializing binary-tree..\");\n#endif\n _parentNode.", "Add(item);\n }\n\nThat log message looks suspicious...\nAlso, I see you've made a design decision to push the majority of the logic into the nodes. ", "Since you appear to be doing this as a learning exercise, I suggest that for comparison you separately implement a version which leaves the nodes as pure data objects and puts all the logic in the methods of BinaryTree. ", "That lets you use tail optimisation (turn recursion into a while loop).", "\n\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return obj is BinaryTree<T> tree && tree._parentNode.", "Equals(_parentNode);\n }\n\nVisual Studio gives me a warning about this: when you override Equals you should override GetHashcode because otherwise you will spend ages debugging if you ever put an instance of this class in a HashSet<> or as the key in a Dictionary.", "\nThe same applies to Node.", "\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Right \"lower\" arm of current node - this is where everything bigger than this node is getting redirect towards.", "\n /// </summary>\n [DataMember]\n private Node<T> _bigger;\n\nI managed to understand the code ok, but it would be more conventional to call this _right. (", "Or maybe right, but I don't want to be pedantic about that kind of naming convention).", "\n\n private (T data, int count) _item;\n\nThat count is unusual. ", "In effect you're implementing an IDictionary<T, int>: perhaps it would make sense to generalise to IDictionary<TKey, TValue> and have a separate wrapper class which turns any IDictionary<TKey, TValue> into a counter.", "\n\n public override bool Equals(object obj)\n {\n return obj is Node<T> node &&\n (node._bigger?.Equals(_bigger) ?? _", "bigger == null) &&\n (node._item.data?.Equals(_item.data) ?? _", "item.data == null) &&\n (node._item.count.", "Equals(_item.count)) &&\n (node._parent?.Equals(_parent) ?? _", "parent==null) &&\n (node._smaller?.Equals(_smaller) ?? _", "smaller == null);\n }\n\nValueStruct overrides ==, so you could simplify this a bit. ", "Unless you want to be paranoid and assume that T might not have Equals consistent with CompareTo, in which case you should use CompareTo here to compare _item.data.", "\n\n public void Remove(T data)\n {\n if (data.", "Equals(_item.data))\n {\n if (_item.count > 1)\n {\n _item.count--;\n }\n else\n {\n if (_parent == null) return;\n\nThe only place that _parent is touched is in Remove, so if I add one item to the tree and then call Remove with that same item, it won't be removed.", "\n\n public int Contains(T value)\n {\n if (_item.data.", "Equals(value))\n\nI got a NullReferenceException here when I called Contains on an empty tree.", "\n\n public void Add(T item)\n {\n if (_item.data.", "Equals(default(T)))\n\nI got a NullReferenceException here when the tree was empty: did you test this code at all?", "\n\n if (_parent._item.data.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n if (data.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n if (item.", "CompareTo(_item.data) == 1)\n if (value.", "CompareTo(_item.data).Equals(1))\n\nThe contract of IComparable does not say that the value returned will always be -1, 0, or 1. ", "I'm not sure why lots of people seem to think that it does. ", "You should always compare the return value against 0.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nOpenGL ES: Need OpenGL ES (1.x and 2.0) API list\n\nI have some background on OpenGL (Desktop Version). ", "Now, I'm planning to move to OpenGL ES. ", "For this, I need to know the following:\n\nwhat is the corresponding API that i used in OpenGL need to be used in OpenGL ES (1.1 or 2.0). ", "\nList of APIs available in OpenGL ES 1.1 and OpenGL ES 2.0.", "\n\nThis question may be an very open question. ", "But, I could'nt get any clear API list through search in different sites. ", "Atleast for OpenGL ES 2.0, I could find a spec file that is available in OpenGL ES 2.0 Reference Card. ", "But I couldn't find any more details.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou need to look at the OpenGL ES 2.0 Reference Pages and OpenGL ES 1.1 Reference Pages, which contain the information you want (plus the API documentation).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "How come there is sharpness in the foreground, a bit of blurrines in the middle, and the farmhouse and trees are in focus again?", "\nHave you added the foreground from another photo to create the lines in the overall foreground?", "\n\nHow come there is sharpness in the foreground, a bit of blurrines in the middle, and the farmhouse and trees are in focus again?", "\nHave you added the foreground from another photo to create the lines in the overall foreground?", "\n\nClick to expand...\n\nThank you Lafoto.", "\nI'm not really sure about about the sharpness issue? ", "I toned this one a little differently, and maybe that has something to do with it or maybe it was the lens, I don't know. ", "It is one image. ", "I like the feel I got out of this processing, I'll probably try it again in the future.", "\n\nvery nice shot, i like you processing on this too... i don't really get a lonely feeling, just an isolated, quiet feeling... maybe that's the same thing, anyway, it's a great shot... i like your composition, the off-center works well... :thumbup:" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRemove the strict warnings from being shown\n\nI have a site using Drupal 6; after upgrading PHP to 5.4 , some strict warning appear.", "\nI set error_reporoting in settings.php with the following code, but I still see the E_STRICT warnings. ", "\nerror_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_WARNING);\nini_set('display_errors', TRUE);\n\nWhy do I still see them? ", "What can I do to avoid seeing them?", "\n\nA:\n\nFrom the link : \n\nIf you're going to hack core, a much better solution is to properly\n fix the error handler. ", "Add this line to the top of the\n drupal_error_handler function in includes/common.inc:\nif ($errno == E_STRICT) { return; }\n\nA:\n\nGo to this url admin/settings/error-reporting and set the option write errors to the log for Error reporting dropdown.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.000800495850853622, 0.0006752692279405892, 0.0007091035367920995, 0.0008918185485526919, 0.0007469687261618674, 0.00117941212374717, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Q:\n\nStudying for final\n\nI am studying for my final and cannot figure out this question. ", "Does anyone know?", "\nBootstrap is most commonly leveraged in your custom HTML code by:\na. Assigning specific id attribute values to elements\nb. Assigning specific class attribute values to elements\nc. Using specific tags that are “Bootstrap-approved”\nd. Using custom media queries to show different HTML for different browsers\nAny help is appreciated! ", "Thanks in advance.", "\n\nA:\n\nI'd be inclined to say B, seeing as (in my understanding) Bootstrap is a template or framework of sorts that allows you to create content within a certain design methodology. ", "From there, it would only make sense that classes have unique attribute values to make elements render in line with the overall Bootstrap style.", "\n\n" ]

[ 0.0006425222964026034, 0.0008845709380693734, 0.0005880155367776752, 0.0005687244120053947, 0.0005558374687097967, 0.0006247786805033684, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "#include \"PotentialEnergy.h\"\n\n#include <sofa/defaulttype/VecTypes.h>\n#include <sofa/core/ObjectFactory.h>\n\nnamespace sofa\n{\nnamespace component\n{\nnamespace forcefield\n{\n\nusing namespace sofa::defaulttype;\n\nint PotentialEnergyClass = core::RegisterObject(\"potential energy\")\n \n .add< PotentialEnergy< Vec1Types > >(true)\n\n ;\n\n\ntemplate class SOFA_Compliant_API PotentialEnergy<Vec1Types>;\n\n\n}\n}\n}\n" ]

[ 0.0007412073318846524 ]

[ "Q:\n\nGiven a string S and a set of words D, find the longest word in D that is a subsequence of S\n\nI'm trying to improve my code and algorithm to find out the longest word from a dictionary occurring as the sub-sequence in the given string. ", " \nExample : For example, given the input of S = \"abppplee\" and D = {\"able\", \"ale\", \"apple\", \"bale\", \"kangaroo\"} the correct output would be \"apple\". ", " \nCurrently my algorithm compares each character of the dictionary-word with the given-word and advances to next char in dictionary-word on finding a match and so on till either the dictionary-word is iterated over completely(which means the word is a valid sub-sequence) or the given word is iterated over completely(which means not a valid string). ", "\nBeing a beginner to c++ and algorithms in general, my methods and logic could be further improved. ", "So kindly suggest if any improvements in the algorithm or code which can improve the performance. ", "Thanks. ", " \n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <tuple>\n#include <vector>\n\nclass StringManipulater {\n public:\n StringManipulater(const std::string& p) : given_string_{p} {}\n std::string given_string_;\n std::tuple<std::string, typename std::string::size_type> current_longest_ = {\n \"\", 0};\n\n const std::string&& FindLongestSubSeq(const std::vector<std::string>& dict)\n {\n // flag determines whether current word is present in given_string input\n bool flag;\n\n // iterate through each of the dict-words\n for (const std::string& word : dict) {\n flag = false;\n auto word_len = word.size();\n\n // fair optimization : only consider current word if its\n // length is greater than previous one\n if (word_len > std::get<1>(this->current_longest_)) {\n // iterate through the letters in both given string and current word\n // to be compared\n for (typename std::string::size_type i = 0, j = 0; j < word_len; ++i) {\n // no need to go further checking if we have iterated over given\n // string\n if (i == this->given_string_.size()) break;\n\n // compare each letter of both words\n if (word[j] == given_string_[i]) {\n flag = true;\n // advance to next charcter in the dictionary word\n ++j;\n }\n else {\n // if the char couldn't be found\n flag = false;\n }\n } // end of comparison loop\n if (flag) {\n std::get<0>(this->current_longest_) = word;\n std::get<1>(this->current_longest_) = word_len;\n }\n } // top if\n } // end of iteration of dictionary words\n return std::move(std::get<0>(this->current_longest_));\n }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n StringManipulater s_manip{\"abppplee\"};\n std::cout << \"Longest subsequence = \"\n << s_manip.", "FindLongestSubSeq(\n {\"able\", \"ale\", \"apple\", \"bale\", \"kangaroo\"})\n << \"\\n\";\n return 0;\n}\n\nA:\n\nYou know, if you want to improve performance, the first thing to do is get a high-level overview of what your code does to achieve its aim. ", "Currently, you do this:\n\nIterate over all words in D.\n\nIterate over the whole string S trying to prove it a sub-sequence.", "\n\nThat's trivially proven to be an \\$O(\\#D * \\#S)\\$ algorithm.", "\nYou can do better, by using the proper data structure:\n\nBuild a prefix-tree from the words, noting the longest word which can be found from there.", "\nIterate over the string.", "\n\nContinue if the current character doesn't fit.", "\nUpdate the best found if it is a terminal node.", "\nrecurse with the sub-tree.", "\n\nRegarding your code:\n\nYour use of a class is completely unmotivated. ", "There are no invariants to protect, as evidenced by you marking it all public, and you only create it to call one single function anyway. ", "Just make it a free function. ", "Ok, if you change the algorithm, you might want to break it up it into building the trie, using a pre-computed trie, and putting it all together.", "\nauto would allow you to always have the proper type, without cluttering your code with long and obscure names. ", "Read \"Almost Always Auto\".", "\nI'm not sure why you use a std::tuple. ", "Maybe for obfuscation? ", "If so, I confirm you are on the right way.", "\nAlways define variables in the smallest scope possible, unless there are significant advantages (most likely in performance) for a slightly longer lifetime.", "\nreturn 0; is implicit for main().", "\n\nA:\n\nC++ is not Java. ", "You don't need to spell out this->.", "\nFlat is better than nested. ", "Consider\nif (word_len <= std::get<1>(current_longest_)) {\n continue;\n}\n// Follow with the business logic unindented\n\nI'd prefer to alias typename std::string::size_type as\nusing size_type = typename std::string::size_type;\n\nor, even better, use iterators.", "\nThe inner loop can be streamlined. ", "When we see bool flag; the instinct tells to get rid of it. ", "Upon the loop termination the same information is available as j == word_len (or word_it == word_end() in the iterator version). ", "We just need to lift j (or word_it) out of the loop.", "\nAnother problem with the inner loop is that it manages two indices in a not-so-obvious way. ", "A cleaner approach is to let the loop manage just the word, and another (innermost) loop to search through the given string. ", "Consider\nauto str_it = given_string.begin();\nauto word_it = word.begin();\nwhile (word_it !", "= word.end()) {\n while (str_it !", "= given_string.end() && *str_it !", "= *word_it) {\n ++str_it;\n }\n if (str_it == given_string.end()) {\n break;\n }\n ++word_it;\n}\n\nNow we notice that the innermost loop does the same job as std::find_first. ", "Use it:\nwhile (word_it !", "= word.end()) {\n if ((str_it = std::find_first(str_it, str.end(), *word_it)) == str_end()) {\n break;\n }\n ++word_it;\n}\n\nI also recommend to factor a body of the for (const std::string& word : dict) loop out into a function:\nconst std::string&& FindLongestSubSeq(const std::vector<std::string>& dict)\n{\n std::tuple<std::string, typename std::string::size_type> current_longest_\n = { \"\", 0 };\n for (const std::string& word : dict) {\n if (word_len <= std::get<1>(current_longest_)) {\n continue;\n }\n\n if (is_subsequence(given_string, word)) {\n std::get<0>(this->current_longest_) = word;\n std::get<1>(this->current_longest_) = word.size();\n }\n return std::move(std::get<0>(this->current_longest_));\n}\n\nFinally, I recommend to get rid of the class StringManipulater altogether, and implement everything as free functions. ", "The class does not add any value (an C++ is not Java).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Background\n==========\n\nThis paper contributes to the global discussion about mandatory Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for health care professionals, particularly nurses. ", "Amongst its many functions, CPD aims to sustain competence and introduce new skills as required for contemporary practice needs. ", "CPD also offers the opportunity for nurses to \"... maintain, improve and broaden their knowledge, expertise ... and develop the personal and professional qualities required throughout their personal lives\" \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "In many countries ongoing investment in sustaining current evidence based knowledge to ensure appropriate provision of quality contemporary health care is considered a fundamental ethical obligation for all nurses \\[[@B2]-[@B7]\\].", "\n\nHuman resources are seen as the most important contribution to health care \\[[@B8]\\]. ", "As knowledge changes and new tools, technologies and procedures are developed, on-going education and training for health care professionals is seen as a key investment strategy \\[[@B9]\\]. ", "A great deal of literature \\[[@B2],[@B4],[@B10]-[@B14]\\] has focused on appropriate educational approaches to ensuring effective CPD.", "\n\nMoves towards national registration and CPD requirements for nurses and other health professionals have been considered for many years in a number of countries, including Australia. ", "This has led to the decision from the Coalition of Australian Governments (COAG) \\[[@B15]\\] stating that \"COAG agreed to the introduction of a national registration and accreditation system for health professionals\". ", "The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) responded to this new legislation and as a result of this decision, from July 2010 Australian nurses are required to complete a minimum 20 hours of CPD as part of their yearly registration renewal \\[[@B16]\\].", "\n\nThere has been much debate about the introduction of mandatory CPD requirements for nurses and other health professionals. ", "The literature about professions, which spans many decades, has consistently noted that the need for commitment to continued professional development \\[[@B17]-[@B20]\\] is essential for ongoing learning. ", "For nursing to be credited with the status, authority and autonomy that accompanies a profession, then mandatory professional development has always been inevitable \\[[@B21]\\].", "\n\nHamilton \\[[@B22]\\] found that mandatory CPD for nurses was not new and that the issue of professionalism needs to link to ongoing education and learning and should be an obligation for all nurses. ", "Research by Gopee \\[[@B23]\\] emphasises the need for nurses to participate in lifelong learning and continuous professional education in order to keep their knowledge and skills up to date, rather than just being competent. ", "Thomas \\[[@B24]\\] agrees, saying that nurses need ongoing education in order to provide consistently high level patient care.", "\n\nWhilst CPD is not a new concept it is not well understood in some health professions, particularly nursing in Australia \\[[@B25]\\]. ", "This may be due to the ad hoc process of undertaking CPD, with states and territories of Australia in the past having different legislation about continuing education. ", "Historically some nursing specialty groups required CPD in order to be credentialed (e.g. Mental Health Nurses); however the majority of nurses were not obliged to undertake any specific CPD activities. ", "CPD requirements were not formalised and there were no agreements of the content or extent that nurses and midwives needed to sustain knowledge of current evidence for their professional practice. ", "Therefore, the present situation in Australia is that most health care professionals are now obliged by legislation to engage in mandatory continuing education in order to sustain practice registration. ", "This is of interest to the international community, as mandatory CPD continues to be considered or rejected in other countries around the world \\[[@B3],[@B5],[@B26]-[@B38]\\].", "\n\nMethods\n=======\n\nThe search strategy that was used to inform the discussion included the data bases of CINAHL plus, Med-line, ERIC and Google Scholar databases. ", "The following search terms were used: 'nurs\\*'AND 'CPD', 'professional development', 'inservice', 'education' 'training', 'mandatory', 'workplace training', 'lifelong learning', 'motivation', 'barriers'. ", "The search was supplemented using citation tracking and secondary references. ", "The initial search resulted in 112 articles. ", "The reference list of articles that appeared to meet the study criteria were examined to identify further literature and a further 17 were identified. ", "Additionally a search of online theses, using Google Scholar, resulted in nine theses. A total of 29 articles and two theses that met the criteria were included in the study.", "\n\nThe sample consists of studies examining what motivates nurses to attend/complete CPD. ", "Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published between 2002 and 2012 (2) located through a computerized search of CINAHL, Med-line, ERIC and Google Scholar (3) published in English (4) designed to explore the reasons why nurses participate in CPD (5) examined impact of mandatory CPD on nurses' participation in CPD.", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nOne purpose to undertake CPD is for the provision of effective health care. ", "The current international context of clinical practice includes the need to respond quickly to change in order to maintain competence and provide appropriate health care. ", "However, attending CPD does not alone guarantee sustaining competency.", "\n\nThe type of mandatory CPD, how it is implemented and evaluated to show the efficacy of this education and learning, and in turn how effectively this is applied in practice is a contentious debate \\[[@B5],[@B39],[@B40]\\]. ", "Historically a great deal of discussion has occurred arguing whether nurses should be required to participate in mandatory CPD \\[[@B22],[@B24],[@B41]-[@B50]\\]. ", "Currently there are no guidelines of what the CPD needs to consist of except that all health professionals tend to predominantly focus learning towards knowledge relevant to their current practice. ", "Additionally, barriers to people engaging in CPD are also common. ", "This discussion will first commence with defining CPD.", "\n\nCPD defined and described\n-------------------------\n\nThe literature includes a number of terms used interchangeable with CPD. ", "These include CPE (Continuing Professional Education) \\[[@B42]\\], In service, \\[[@B51],[@B52]\\] CE (Continuing Education),\\[[@B53],[@B54]\\] Lifelong Learning \\[[@B55],[@B56]\\] and PD (Professional Development) \\[[@B57],[@B58]\\]. ", "Most of these definitions refer to professional education gained after professional entry education \\[[@B22]\\] and do not refer to post-graduate studies leading to advanced diplomas or degrees.", "\n\nThe recent debate about CPD specifically for Australian nurses has proposed that it needs to be relevant to the context of practice (NMBA 2010). ", "This debate has recognised that clinical practice is greater than the act of providing health care but rather could also include areas that influence the provision of health care. ", "For example, the Australian Nursing & Midwifery Competencies state that:\n\nNurses are personally accountable for the provision of safe and competent nursing care. *", "It is the responsibility of each nurse to maintain the competence necessary for current practice* (authors' emphasis). ", "Maintenance of competence includes participation in ongoing professional development to maintain and improve knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant to practice in a clinical, management, education or research setting \\[[@B59]\\].", "\n\nProfessional development opportunities need to engage health care professionals in a process of growth. ", "Professionalism in contemporary society includes the ability to respond quickly to change. ", "Such change can originate from government policy, new health service provision or from market conditions where health care needs to change to respond to new health issues \\[[@B60]\\]. ", "In Australia, an example of responding to a new health issue has been the clinical presentation of the Hendra Virus, a recently identified new infection that has significant mortality and morbidity associated with human exposure.", "\n\nEver changing technology is a constant demand for adaptation by nurses. ", "With increasing health care costs, the international health community responds with a variety of management strategies. ", "However, any change or new situation provides an opportunity for new learning where things are seen from different perspectives. ", "For example, recipients of CPD can become aware of and value their own contributions to the profession or respect work by colleagues both within that profession as well as other health care disciplines \\[[@B12]\\].", "\n\nCurrent state of CPD offered in Australia for nurses\n----------------------------------------------------\n\nThere is a myriad of CPD opportunities for nurses in Australia, offered by a variety of companies, universities, Technical and Further Education (TAFE), special interest groups and individuals. ", "A \"Google\" search (5 December 2012) for \"CPD Australia nurses\" revealed 557,000 results; while these results show some duplication of entries, it does indicate the extensive array of CPD offerings available for nurses in Australia (65% of people who look for a service or product use Google as the first step in identifying what is available and where they might find the information that they need \\[[@B61]\\]). ", "It is estimated that the CPD industry for registered nurses alone to be worth \\$180m per year (from a needs analysis undertaken by the authors; RNs are reporting spending on average \\$30 for each CPD hour; these figures do not include any CPD that may be offered at no cost by the nurse's employer e.g. mandatory skills acquisition such as manual handling, Occupational Health & Safety etc.). ", "Currently, there are approximately 300,000 nurses in Australia \\[[@B62]\\], each requiring a minimum of 20 hours CPD per year. ", "This equates to a potential multi-million dollar industry for providers of CPD to nurses in Australia.", "\n\nCompanies that are currently providing CPD opportunities for nurses include those focused primarily for the purpose of professional development (e.g. AUSMED), and those that offer CPD for nurses as an adjunct to their core business (The Australian College of Nursing), Staffing Agencies (e.g. CQ Nurse), Aged Care Providers (e.g. Frontline Care Solutions), Nursing Unions/Associations (e.g. Australian Nurses Federation, NSW Nurses Association), nursing specialty groups (e.g. The Australian College of Mental Health Nurses), TAFE , universities (e.g. Southern Cross University) and a variety of individuals and groups of nurses and other training/allied health professionals.", "\n\nCurrently there are no guidelines addressing what type of organisation can offer CPD training for nurses and who can deliver such education. ", "The only accrediting body in Australia is the Royal College of Nursing (RCNA) (now known as The Australian College of Nursing) who offer \"endorsement\". ", "However, there is no requirement that CPD activities are endorsed or approved by any organisation or body. ", "The Australian College of Nursing (ACN) website states that:\n\n1\\. \"Endorsement by RCNA is a quality assurance process; it is a guarantee that an\n\n2\\. Educational activity has been scrutinised by RCNA and approved as meeting our\n\n3\\. Professional standards and requirements for nurse education\" \\[[@B58]\\].", "\n\nHowever, not all providers are endorsed by ACN and there are no requirements to do so. ", "Nurses are free to choose who provides their CPD requirements, the topic and content (as long as it is relevant to their practice) and the mode of delivery (face-face, online, distance).", "\n\nSome of the education providers are also RTOs (Registered Training Organisations) which provide specific vocational education or assessment services, as well as CPD activities which nurses may choose to complete. ", "There are a number of companies which provide RTO activities including TAFE institutes, private and community providers, schools, higher education institutions, industry organisations and enterprises \\[[@B63]\\].", "\n\nAs can be seen from Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"} (below), there are many differences between training offered by an RTO and those endorsed by the ACN. ", "An RTO offers nationally recognised qualifications in a variety of areas including nursing and health. ", "These can range from a Certificate II in Disability Studies through to a Diploma of Nursing (Division 2). ", "RTOs may also offer short courses which do not lead to a formal qualification (e.g. Certificate in Wound Care).", "\n\n###### \n\n**Comparison of ACN and RTO \\[**\\[[@B58]\\]**,**\\[[@B63]\\]**\\]**\n\n   **ACN (RCNA)** **RTO**\n ------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n National recognition National recognition by nursing bodies National recognition of qualifications by the tertiary and health sector\n Quality assurance Quality assurance process approved as meeting professional standards and requirements for nurse education Training is delivered by an organisation which meets national standards\n Qualifications Provides endorsement only Qualifications are based on identified industry needs\n Recognition of Prior Learning Some courses may be recognised for recognition of prior learning (RPL) under separate agreements with the tertiary sector Access to recognition of prior learning (RPL)\n Articulation into higher education Some providers also have a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with tertiary institutions Opportunities for articulation into further training (this may include higher education)\n\nThe ACN endorses courses which are then able to state that they have been \"Endorsed by the ACN\". ", "Endorsement means that the course has met the criteria as set down by the ACN; however it does not mean that there is any formal qualification associated with it, and as stated previously, there is no requirement for nurses to choose an \"endorsed\" CPD activity (see Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nWhilst this section only discusses specific Australian conditions for nurses, CPD is relevant to all countries as the CPD industry has potential financial rewards, whilst balancing the costs to develop and implement CPD activities \\[[@B33],[@B64]\\]. ", "Also relevant to all countries is the claim that effective CPD is dependent on availability and quality of the program that is provided. ", "Of great importance, is that the consumer, the recipient of CPD, needs to understand the language associated with CPD, such as the term endorsement and how this relates to their professional registration.", "\n\nCPD delivery modes\n------------------\n\n### Online learning\n\nA growing trend in CPD offerings is online learning. ", "Online learning (or \"e-learning\", \"web based training\" etc.) ", "includes webinars (participants log into a \"live\" online presentation), e-courses based on a Learning Management System (LMS) (e.g. \"Blackboard\", \"Moodle\"), PowerPoint presentations, lectures, notes, pod casts, workshop recordings and quizzes.", "\n\nOnline learning offers a range of potential benefits including reduced additional cost (no accommodation, parking, transport or child minding costs), reduced time (eg. ", "no travel time) and flexibility (complete at times suitable for participant). ", "Online learning is a viable option for nurses working shift work, with family responsibilities and/or who work in rural areas. ", "However, disadvantages may include the need for a computer with internet access (preferably Broadband) and internet skills, including internet browsing, uploading documents and online communication (forums and online discussion rooms). ", "Additionally, online learning that can be accessed globally will need to be applicable and appropriate for specific country educational needs. ", "For example, one educational program could lead to a qualification in one country but not in another.", "\n\nThe cost of these online courses varies considerably, ranging from \\$30.00 (AUS) for a one hour session and up to hundreds of dollars for longer or ongoing training. ", "Some companies offer \"membership\" training starting at \\$150 (AUS)/yr. ", "These membership sites offer a range of CPD Courses and participants can choose from a variety of offerings in order to meet their yearly CPD requirements. ", "Some online providers offer discounts for \"group\" bookings (e.g. five or more participants registering together receive 10% discount).", "\n\nIrving et al. ", "\\[[@B65]\\] highlighted some of the issues faced by nurses wanting to update their skills and knowledge including many nurses finding it difficult to attend traditional face-face training because of staff shortages and geographical isolation They concluded that the profession needs to explore other options, including e-learning which offers a number of advantages including flexibility and accessibility \\[[@B65]\\].", "\n\n### Face-face learning\n\nFace-face CPD opportunities include workshops, seminars, conferences, lectures and mandatory training which are offered onsite at the workplace or offsite (locally, nationally and internationally). ", "Costs start at \\$60 (AUS) for a 3 hour workshop, \\$200 (AUS) for one full day seminar and \\$800 (AUS)/day for conferences, with costs going as high as thousands of dollars for National and International Conferences and Seminars \\[[@B66]-[@B69]\\]. ", "Added costs include travel, accommodation, time off work and child minding, all of which can add hundreds-thousands of dollars to the total outlay.", "\n\nChallenges of CPD\n-----------------\n\nOne of the purposes of CPD is to maintain competent practice through developing knowledge and skills (\\[70\\]:142). ", "Underlying the introduction of mandatory CPD is the assumption that it:\n\nIs the means by which members of the profession maintain, improve and broaden their knowledge, expertise and competence, and develop the personal and professional qualities required throughout their professional lives. ", "The CPD cycle involves reviewing practice, identifying learning needs, planning and participating in relevant learning activities, and reflecting on the value of those activities\"\\[[@B1],[@B4],[@B16]\\].", "\n\nThe current mandatory CPD in Australia only states a number of hours and not the frequency of engagement. ", "Yet research has shown that retention of clinical skills and knowledge are dependent on regular education and revision \\[[@B70]\\]. ", "Additionally, what is not clearly evident from research findings is the conditions required for effective CPD. ", "For example, what can be defined as \"regular\", which will in turn lead to effective education? ", "Additionally, attendance at CPD sessions does not guarantee that learning has taken place and when assessment is involved this may not lead to maintaining competence \\[[@B13],[@B71]\\]. ", "More importantly, at this point, there is little evidence that professional development will improve patient outcomes \\[[@B19],[@B72]\\].", "\n\nTherefore, the issue of the quality of CPD offerings is one that does need to be addressed. ", "Some nurses focus on \"getting their hours up\" rather than addressing their learning outcomes and relevance to their area of practice. ", "Despite the fact that quality control should be an essential aspect of any course-development process \\[[@B65]\\], there are currently no quality requirements for CPD offerings for nurses in Australia nor for many other countries.", "\n\nBarriers to CPD\n---------------\n\nUnderstanding the barriers to CPD has been a major discussion in the literature \\[[@B60],[@B73],[@B74]\\]. ", "Research examining barriers have included national and state-wide research undertaken looking at barriers to nurses engaging in CPD \\[[@B75],[@B76]\\]. ", "Other research has examined the barriers for nurses to engage in CPD who reside in rural and remote localities \\[[@B42],[@B77],[@B78]\\]. ", "The reasons noted for lack of engagement in CPD are consistent across the literature, regardless of country and geographical location.", "\n\nIn particular, financial constraints due to lack of funding and personal costs has been noted as a significant barrier \\[[@B79]-[@B82]\\]. ", "Nurses are requesting financial support for reasonable costs associated with professional development activity \\[[@B82]\\]. ", "However this often is not available and many nurses self-fund their own training.", "\n\nThis lack of support by employer occurs regardless of the acknowledgement of both employer and nurses for the need for professional development. ", "Lack of financial support relates to the lack of time available during work due to work load, as well as staff not being replaced when away on CPD activities and this has been noted as a significant issue \\[[@B79]-[@B81]\\]. ", "Computer and internet access at the workplace is seen as important for CPD activity and yet lack of such access is noted as a common barrier in the literature \\[[@B79],[@B82]\\]. ", "Additionally lack of technical support at work was seen as a significant barrier with nurses noting that equipment and software for CPD learning is constantly changing and becoming outdated \\[[@B82]\\].", "\n\nPersonal factors associated with barriers to CPD engagement has also been a consistent theme discussed in the literature referring to on-going professional development of nurses. ", "Limited access to childcare is a key concern for parents but caring for other dependents is also a barrier to finding time for CPD \\[[@B79],[@B81]\\]. ", "Participant's energy and motivation was noted as both being a benefit but also a barrier and was also linked to self-efficacy associated with CPD \\[[@B79],[@B81],[@B82]\\].", "\n\nThe lack of appropriate and accessible professional education is one of the key frustrations reported by nurses in the literature. ", "Lack of transport or unavailability of nearby education providers for CPD, particularly those in rural and remote localities will inhibit engagement \\[[@B54]\\]. ", "The need for appropriate professional development, particular for clinical relevant learning was an important issue for nurses \\[[@B80],[@B82]\\]. ", "Currently there is a deficit of CPD that includes material for different learning styles \\[[@B80],[@B82]\\]. ", "Kataoka-Yahiro and Mobley \\[[@B82]\\] also highlighted that appropriate CPD should include consideration of generational differences in learning styles.", "\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThis paper presents a contemporary discussion about mandatory CPD using the case of Australia's current national policy and CPD operation for nurses. ", "Whilst Australia has taken the step to mandate an approach to nurses engaging in CPD, this paper highlights that there is still a great deal of research that should be undertaken to ensure effective education and achieve the goal of sustaining competency, knowledge and skills in practice. ", "Issues, including the quality, content and evaluation of CPD are areas that need to be addressed. ", "Mandatory CPD requirements for Australian nurses will not be enough to achieve CPD aims. ", "The challenge now is to ensure that nurses have access to equitable, relevant and professional CPD opportunities.", "\n\nAbbreviations\n=============\n\nACN: Australian college of nursing; ANF: Australian nursing federation; ANMC: Australian nursing & midwifery council; AUS: Australian dollar; COAG: Coalition of Australian governments; CE: Continuing education; CPE: Continuing professional education; CPD: Continuing professional development; LMS: Learning management system; NMBA: Nursing & midwifery board of Australia; PD: Professional development; RCNA: Royal College of nursing Australia; RPL: Recognised prior learning; RTO: Registered training organisation; TAFE: Technical & further education.", "\n\nCompeting interests\n===================\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\nAuthors' contributions\n======================\n\nKR carried out the literature review, developed the outline, wrote the draft and the final version. ", "JB helped develop the manuscript, reviewed the draft and contributed to the final version. ", "JS contributed to the discussion on the state of CDP in Australia and provided feedback on the draft and final version. ", "All authors read and approved the final manuscript.", "\n\nAuthors' information\n====================\n\nKay Ross is a Lecturer in the School of Health and Human Sciences (Nursing) at Southern Cross University, QLD. ", "She has worked in Continuing Professional Development at the College of Nursing (Sydney) and contributed to the CPD Program at Southern Cross University\n\nDr Jennieffer Barr is currently the Director of Higher Degrees Research Training for the School of Health and Human Sciences, at Southern Cross University, QLD\n\nDr John Stevens is the Director of Post Graduate and Corporate Health Education and Development in the School of Health and Human Sciences at Southern Cross University, NSW.", "\n\nPre-publication history\n=======================\n\nThe pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:\n\n<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6955/12/9/prepub>\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPerlin noise function broken in vertex shader but not in fragment shader?", "\n\nI am rendering a plane made of many triangles in WebGL 2 using Three.js, and I want to offset the vertices in the plane according to a Perlin noise function. ", "However, my noise function seems to work in the fragment shader, but not in the vertex shader.", "\nvertex shader:\n#version 300 es\nprecision highp float;\n\nvec2 rand2d (vec2 uv_0) {\n return vec2(\n fract(sin(dot(uv_0, vec2(9832., ", "-8933.2))) * 1938.4), fract(cos(dot(uv_0, vec2(-5294.2, 1243.2))) * 9043.)) * ", "2. - ", "1.;", "\n}\nfloat perlin_noise (vec2 uv_1) {\n vec2 v00 = floor(uv_1);\n vec2 v10 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "0.), ", "v01 = v00 + vec2(0., ", "1.), ", "v11 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "1.);", "\n vec2 vxy = fract(uv_1);\n float i00 = dot(rand2d(v00), vxy), i01 = dot(rand2d(v01), vxy - vec2(0., ", "1.)), ", "i10 = dot(rand2d(v10), vxy - vec2(1., ", "0.)), ", "i11 = dot(rand2d(v11), vxy - vec2(1., ", "1.));", "\n vec2 s = smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, vxy);\n return mix(mix(i00, i10, s.x), mix(i01, i11, s.x), s.y);\n}\n// supplied by three\nin vec3 position;\nuniform mat4 modelViewMatrix;\nuniform mat4 projectionMatrix;\nuniform vec3 cameraPosition;\n\n// supplied by me\n\nuniform float spacing;\nuniform vec2 offset;\nuniform vec2 size;\nout vec3 offsetPosition;\nvoid main() {\n // vec3 offsetPosition = position;\n offsetPosition = position + vec3(offset.x, 0, offset.y);\n offsetPosition.z = floor((cameraPosition.z + offsetPosition.z) / spacing) * spacing;\n offsetPosition.y = perlin_noise(offsetPosition.xz / 10.) * ", "10.;", "\n gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(offsetPosition, 1.0);\n}\n\nfragment shader:\n#version 300 es\nprecision highp float;\n\nvec2 rand2d (vec2 uv_0) {\n return vec2(\n fract(sin(dot(uv_0, vec2(9832., ", "-8933.2))) * 1938.4), fract(cos(dot(uv_0, vec2(-5294.2, 1243.2))) * 9043.)) * ", "2. - ", "1.;", "\n}\nfloat perlin_noise (vec2 uv_1) {\n vec2 v00 = floor(uv_1);\n vec2 v10 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "0.), ", "v01 = v00 + vec2(0., ", "1.), ", "v11 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "1.);", "\n vec2 vxy = fract(uv_1);\n float i00 = dot(rand2d(v00), vxy), i01 = dot(rand2d(v01), vxy - vec2(0., ", "1.)), ", "i10 = dot(rand2d(v10), vxy - vec2(1., ", "0.)), ", "i11 = dot(rand2d(v11), vxy - vec2(1., ", "1.));", "\n vec2 s = smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, vxy);\n return mix(mix(i00, i10, s.x), mix(i01, i11, s.x), s.y);\n}\nin vec3 offsetPosition;\nout highp vec4 fragColor;\nvoid main() {\n float value = perlin_noise(offsetPosition.xz / 10.) * ", ".5 + .5;\n fragColor = vec4(value, offsetPosition.y, 0., ", "1.);", "\n}\n\nresult:\n\nThe plane is completely flat (there are lots of triangles in that image, I swear), and appears red instead of yellow/green, which suggests that offsetPosition.y is being set to zero, which means that my Perlin noise function, which is identical in the vertex shader and the fragment shader, is returning 0 in the vertex shader only. ", "Why is this happening?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe issue is, that you've to less triangles, respectively vertices. ", "The vertices of your grid are distributed in that way, that the result of offsetPosition.xz / 10.0 are integral coordinates (no fractional component). ", "The perlin noise is a periodic function with period length of 1.0. ", "So for all integral coordinates, the result is same. ", " \nChange to\noffsetPosition.y = perlin_noise(offsetPosition.xz / 100.0) * 10.0;\n\nand you will get different heights for the vertices.", "\nIn general the algorithm works fine. ", "See the example where I've used a 100x100 grid with 100x100 tiles. ", "So offsetPosition.xz / 10.0 generates coordinates with steps of tenth:\n\n(function onLoad() {\r\n var camera, scene, renderer, orbitControls;\r\n \r\n init();\r\n animate();\r\n\r\n function init() {\r\n let canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );\r\n let context = canvas.getContext( 'webgl2', { alpha: false } );\r\n renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { canvas: canvas, context: context, antialias: true, alpha: true } );\r\n renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;\r\n document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);\r\n\r\n camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(70, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 100);\r\n camera.position.set(0, 10, -40);\r\n\r\n scene = new THREE.Scene();\r\n scene.background = new THREE.Color(0);\r\n scene.add(camera);\r\n window.onresize = resize;\r\n \r\n orbitControls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);\r\n \r\n addGridHelper();\r\n createModel();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function createModel() {\r\n\r\n var uniforms = {\r\n spacing : {type:'f', value: 0.0001}\r\n };\r\n \r\n var material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ \r\n side: THREE.DoubleSide,\r\n uniforms: uniforms,\r\n vertexShader: document.getElementById('vertex-shader').textContent,\r\n fragmentShader: document.getElementById('fragment-shader').textContent,\r\n });\r\n\r\n var geometry = new THREE.PlaneBufferGeometry( 100, 100, 100, 100);\r\n geometry.rotateX(Math.", "PI/2.0);\r\n\r\n var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);\r\n scene.add(mesh);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function addGridHelper() {\r\n \r\n var helper = new THREE.GridHelper(100, 100);\r\n helper.material.opacity = 1.0;\r\n helper.material.transparent = true;\r\n scene.add(helper);\r\n\r\n var axis = new THREE.AxesHelper(1000);\r\n scene.add(axis);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function resize() {\r\n \r\n var aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;\r\n renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);\r\n camera.aspect = aspect;\r\n camera.updateProjectionMatrix();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function animate() {\r\n requestAnimationFrame(animate);\r\n orbitControls.update();\r\n render();\r\n }\r\n\r\n function render() {\r\n renderer.render(scene, camera);\r\n }\r\n})();\n<script type='x-shader/x-vertex' id='vertex-shader'>\r\n#version 300 es\r\nprecision highp float;\r\n\r\nvec2 rand2d (vec2 uv_0) {\r\n return vec2(\r\n fract(sin(dot(uv_0, vec2(9832., ", "-8933.2))) * 1938.4), fract(cos(dot(uv_0, vec2(-5294.2, 1243.2))) * 9043.)) * ", "2. - ", "1.;", "\r\n}\r\nfloat perlin_noise (vec2 uv_1) {\r\n vec2 v00 = floor(uv_1);\r\n vec2 v10 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "0.), ", "v01 = v00 + vec2(0., ", "1.), ", "v11 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "1.);", "\r\n vec2 vxy = fract(uv_1);\r\n float i00 = dot(rand2d(v00), vxy), i01 = dot(rand2d(v01), vxy - vec2(0., ", "1.)), ", "i10 = dot(rand2d(v10), vxy - vec2(1., ", "0.)), ", "i11 = dot(rand2d(v11), vxy - vec2(1., ", "1.));", "\r\n vec2 s = smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, vxy);\r\n return mix(mix(i00, i10, s.x), mix(i01, i11, s.x), s.y);\r\n}\r\n\r\n// supplied by me\r\n\r\nuniform float spacing;\r\nuniform vec2 offset;\r\nuniform vec2 size;\r\nout vec3 offsetPosition;\r\nvoid main() {\r\n offsetPosition = position + vec3(offset.x, 0, offset.y);\r\n offsetPosition.y = perlin_noise(offsetPosition.xz / 10.0) * 10.0;\r\n offsetPosition.z = floor(offsetPosition.z / spacing) * spacing;\r\n gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(offsetPosition, 1.0);\r\n}\r\n</script>\r\n\r\n<script type='x-shader/x-fragment' id='fragment-shader'>\r\n#version 300 es\r\nprecision highp float;\r\n\r\nvec2 rand2d (vec2 uv_0) {\r\n return vec2(\r\n fract(sin(dot(uv_0, vec2(9832., ", "-8933.2))) * 1938.4), fract(cos(dot(uv_0, vec2(-5294.2, 1243.2))) * 9043.)) * ", "2. - ", "1.;", "\r\n}\r\nfloat perlin_noise (vec2 uv_1) {\r\n vec2 v00 = floor(uv_1);\r\n vec2 v10 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "0.), ", "v01 = v00 + vec2(0., ", "1.), ", "v11 = v00 + vec2(1., ", "1.);", "\r\n vec2 vxy = fract(uv_1);\r\n float i00 = dot(rand2d(v00), vxy), i01 = dot(rand2d(v01), vxy - vec2(0., ", "1.)), ", "i10 = dot(rand2d(v10), vxy - vec2(1., ", "0.)), ", "i11 = dot(rand2d(v11), vxy - vec2(1., ", "1.));", "\r\n vec2 s = smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, vxy);\r\n return mix(mix(i00, i10, s.x), mix(i01, i11, s.x), s.y);\r\n}\r\nin vec3 offsetPosition;\r\nout highp vec4 fragColor;\r\nvoid main() {\r\n float value = perlin_noise(offsetPosition.xz / 10.0) * .5 + .5;\r\n fragColor = vec4(value, offsetPosition.y * 0.05 + 0.5, 0., ", "1.);", "\r\n}\r\n</script>\r\n\r\n<!", "--script src=\"https://threejs.org/build/three.min.js\"></script-->\r\n<script src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/110/three.min.js\"></script>\r\n<script src=\"https://threejs.org/examples/js/controls/OrbitControls.js\"></script>\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIs calling functions from other functions or as a parameter to an array a good/bad practice?", "\n\nLet's say I've objects A and B.\nIs it a good practice to call functions/parameters like this:\nA[B->getValue()].setValue(C.getValue() + 10);\nConsider all the required assumptions like A is an array, B is object pointer, C is an object, setValue and getValue are methods of that class etc.", "\nThe only gist of this question is if calling functions like that is good?", "\nOr should it be more like:\nTemp1 = b->getValue();\nTemp2 = c.getValue();\nA[Temp1].setValue(Temp2 + 10);\n\nA:\n\nUse of\nTemp1 = B->getValue();\nTemp2 = C.getValue();\nA[Temp1].setValue(Temp2 + 10);\n\nis good for debugging. ", "Once you have debugged the code, it is better to use:\nA[B->getValue()].setValue(C.getValue() + 10);\n\n" ]

[ 0.0010484197409823537, 0.0008203473989851773, 0.0009927124483510852, 0.0011454031337052584, 0.0006742557743564248 ]

[ "Louis Ducis\n\nLouis Ducis (14 July 1775, Versailles - 2 March 1847, Paris) was a French painter and student of Jacques-Louis David.", "\n\nBiography\nLouis Ducis was instructed by David, whom he partly imitated in his historical pieces, besides which he devoted himself also to genre and portrait painting. ", "His 'Mary Stuart' and 'The Début of Talma' were formerly in the Luxembourg Gallery. ", "He died in 1847.", "\n\nReferences\n \n Joan Mut i Arbós, \"Sappho Recalled to Life by Music: Feminine Emotion and raison d'état in Neoclassical Napoleonic Painting\", Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography XLIII/1-2 (2018), 21-48.", "\n\nCategory:1775 births\nCategory:1847 deaths\nCategory:18th-century French painters\nCategory:French male painters\nCategory:19th-century French painters\nCategory:Pupils of Jacques-Louis David\nCategory:People from Versailles" ]

[ 0.0008912838529795408, 0.0006472347886301577, 0.0007041982607915998, 0.0014044176787137985, 0.0006497555295936763, 0.0006163180223666131 ]

[ "Risk of rheumatoid arthritis development in patients with unclassified arthritis according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis.", "\nEarly recognition and treatment of RA is associated with an improved outcome. ", "The 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA identify RA patients earlier than the 1987 ACR criteria. ", "Nevertheless, we recently observed that 24% of the 2010 unclassified arthritis (UA) patients develop RA during follow-up. ", "Here we studied this frequency in other cohorts and evaluated the prognostic accuracy of ACPA and the Leiden prediction rule in 2010 UA patients. ", "The 2010 UA patients from three Early Arthritis Clinics were studied: 776 from Leiden, 121 from Birmingham and 322 from Amsterdam. ", "Fulfilment of the 1987 ACR criteria during follow-up was studied as the primary outcome. ", "DMARD prescription during the year and having a persistent course of arthritis over 7 years were studied as secondary outcomes in one cohort. ", "The presence of ACPA and the prediction score at baseline were evaluated in relation to these outcomes. ", "In the three cohorts, 24%, 26% and 12%, respectively, of the 2010 UA patients fulfilled the 1987 criteria after 1 year. ", "However, some of these patients already fulfilled the 1987 criteria at baseline. ", "In 1987 and 2010 UA patients, 15%, 21% and 9%, respectively, developed RA (1987) at 1 year. ", "In these patients, 0-6% of the patients were ACPA positive and 0-1% had high prediction scores. ", "Consequently a large majority of the UA patients with an unfavourable outcome was not recognized by these prognostic tools. ", "A proportion of 2010 UA patients progress to RA. ", "ACPA and the Leiden prediction rule are not useful in identifying these patients. ", "These results imply that other predictive markers should be developed for 2010 UA patients." ]

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[ "Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers\n\nViral hemorrhagic fevers are caused by four families of viruses.", "\n\nArenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Guanarito, Machupo, Junin, Sabia, and Chapare viruses)\n\nBunyaviridae (Rift Valley, Crimean-Congo, Hantaan)\n\nFiloviridae (Marburg, Ebola)\n\nFlaviviridae (Yellow, Dengue, Kyasanur Forest, Alkhurma, Omsk HFs)\n\nThe best known of the viral hemorrhagic fevers is Ebola virus. ", "First recognized in Zaire in 1976, the virus has been linked to at least 20 outbreaks in Africa. ", "Earlier outbreaks in central Africa, with the Zaire species of the Ebola virus, had very high mortality rates (80%-90%). ", "However, the most recent outbreaks with the same virus in Western Africa have had lower mortality rates (approximately 50%). ", "The largest outbreak of Ebola virus in history began in 2014, located primarily in the Western African countries of Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia. ", "In June 2016, the WHO reported that there were 28,616 confirmed or probable cases and 11,323 deaths in those three countries, including 500 health-care workers. ", "The World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone Ebola-free in November 2015, and in June 2016, the WHO declared Liberia and Guinea Ebola-free. ", "However, there could me more cases identified, and there will be continued surveillance. ", "During the outbreak, there were four cases diagnosed in the United States: One in a Liberian man who was visiting in Texas, two nurses who took care of that man, and one physician who had just returned from treating Ebola patients in Guinea.", "\n\nThese viruses are each characterized by an acute generalized illness that includes feeling quite ill (flulike illness) with profound exhaustion and is sometimes associated with internal bleeding. ", "The West African Ebola outbreak was characterized more by severe gastrointestinal illness with vomiting and large-volume diarrhea. ", "This leads to severe volume depletion, metabolic abnormalities, and hypovolemic shock. ", "Other symptoms include fever, body and joint pain, profound and progressive weakness, loss of appetite, sore throat, headache, and fatigue.", "\n\nMost agents are highly infectious via the aerosol route, and most are stable as respiratory aerosols. ", "Thus, they possess characteristics that may make them attractive for use by terrorists.", "\n\nHowever, Ebola virus has not been demonstrated to be contagious person-to-person through an aerosol route. ", "It is spread through direct contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person, including a corpse.", "\n\nThe agents that produce viral hemorrhagic fever are all simple RNA viruses. ", "They are able to survive in blood for long periods, which means they can infect people who are around animals slaughtered domestically. ", "These viruses are linked to the rodents, bats, or insects that help to spread them, which helps in searching for a diagnosis.", "\n\nThe specific viral hemorrhagic fever manifestations that develop depend on many factors such as the strength of the virus, its strain, and the route of exposure.", "\n\nSigns and Symptoms\n\nThe incubation period (time from exposure to onset of symptoms) ranges from two to 21 days. ", "Although initially a classic symptom of all of the viral hemorrhagic fevers is bleeding, it actually only occurred in about 20% of Ebola patients in the most recent outbreak. ", "Humans are not infectious until symptoms develop.", "\n\nThe incubation period is the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms is two to 21 days. ", "Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. ", "The first symptoms seen are fever, muscle aches, headaches, and sore throat. ", "Patients then go on to develop vomiting and large-volume diarrhea. ", "This leads to severe dehydration and results in impaired kidney and liver function. ", "Some patients develop internal and external bleeding (blood in stools and oozing from the gums).", "\n\nDiagnosis\n\nIt is important for the doctor to know a person's travel history in making a diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fever. ", "These agents are linked tightly with their natural geographic area and the ecology of the species and vectors found in that specific locale. ", "Victims often recall exposures to rodents (Arenavirus, Hantavirus), mosquitoes (Valley fever virus, yellow and dengue fever viruses), or even slaughtered horses (Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo virus).", "\n\nLaboratory tests may be helpful. ", "Testing of whole blood or serum include antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. ", "Testing can be conducted at the CDC in Atlanta or the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Md.\n\nTreatment\n\nTreatment for viral hemorrhagic fevers is largely directed at easing the discomfort of the symptoms. ", "Victims benefit from being placed in a hospital setting immediately. ", "Air transport is not advised. ", "Sedative and pain-relieving medications are helpful, but aspirin and similar drugs should not be given because of their tendency to make bleeding worse.", "\n\nThere has been a lot of controversy surrounding the use of IV fluids for victim. ", "At the beginning of the outbreak, the medical community was divided on the topic. ", "However, both the CDC and WHO both recommend IV rehydration to treat patients with dehydration and bleeding problems. ", "The improved survival in the recent outbreak was likely due to the extensive use of IV hydration. ", "The treatment for bleeding is controversial. ", "Generally, mild bleeding is not usually treated, but severe bleeding requires appropriate replacement therapy (blood transfusions through an IV line).", "\n\nSpecific treatment with ribavirin has been used and is currently under investigation as a therapy for Lassa fever, hantavirus, Crimean-Congo, and Rift Valley fever. ", "Treatment is most effective if begun within seven days. ", "Ribavirin has poor activity against the filoviruses and flaviviruses.", "\n\nPrevention\n\nThe only established and licensed virus-specific vaccine against any of these viruses is the yellow fever vaccine. ", "It is mandatory for those traveling into areas of Africa and South America where the disease is commonly found. ", "Current trials are underway for further vaccines and antibody therapies. ", "There are ongoing trials of at least two Ebola vaccines." ]

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[ "▼ Browse other pages for more fonts (Organized by the name of the font name — the initial letter of the name ).", "\n\nThe AugeType.com offers already for seven years template files that are representative of ideas ready for you to save time and save resources in the production process . ", "Files are for professionals, designer graphic or marketing have a competitive advantage." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nmultiple views in a single state sharing a single controller using ui-router\n\nI have defined my states as specified below,\nThe template looks as below,\n <div class=\"row-fluid\">\n <section class=\"header\">\n <div ui-view=\"header\"></div>\n </section>\n\n <section class=\"content\">\n <section class=\"actions\">\n <div ui-view=\"action-bar\"></div>\n </section>\n </section>\n\n <section class=\"footer\">\n <div ui-view=\"footer\"></div>\n </section>\n </div>\n\n .state('authenticated', {\n url: '/home',\n templateUrl: 'html/appShell.html'\n })\n .state('basicLayout', {\n parent: 'authenticated',\n url: '^/start',\n ***controller: 'abcController',***\n views: {\n '': {templateUrl: 'html/templates/basicLayout.html'},\n 'header@basicLayout' : { \n templateUrl:'html/templates/header.html',\n controller: 'abcController'},\n 'action-bar@basicLayout' : { \n templateUrl: 'html/templates/action-bar.html',\n controller: 'abcController'}\n } \n })\n\nI have a json file which essentially has the data for Module Name, which goes into header and action bar is a directive which needs info from the config for the type of buttons and actions for each of the button being passed within the json.", "\nMy question is can i associate one shared controller to read the data from the module.json and map the $scope variables or should each view for eg header should it have a separate controller and action bar view have a separate controller.", "\nI don't want to have multiple controllers fro each view and was wondering whats the best way to do this???", "\n\nA:\n\nIn answer to your question. ", " Yes, you can have a single controller that contains the data on a scope variable and access that data in different views with routing.", "\nFirst you set a variable to the returned data object array from your json. ", " Without knowing what your data looks like, let's pretend your \"data\" object looked like this.", "\n{ \n \"thingsforview1\" : [ //lots of objects here ],\n \"thingsforview2\" : [ //lots of objects here ],\n \"thingsforview3\" : [ //lots of objects here ]\n}\n\nYou could set a variable on your controller for that data called:\n$scope.data = theJsonDataIGot;\n\nIn each view, bind to the data you need. ", " You could have a separate .html template for each of the views.", "\ni.e. in view 1:\n<ul>\n <li ng-repeat=\"thing in data.thingsforview1\">\n {{ thing }}\n </li>\n</ul>\n\ni.e. in view 2:\n<ul>\n <li ng-repeat=\"otherthing in data.thingsforview2\">\n {{ otherthing.name }}\n </li>\n</ul>\n\nReturn the different templates depending on the url.", "\napp.config(['$routeProvider',\n function($routeProvider) {\n $routeProvider.", "\n when('/view1', {\n templateUrl: 'views/view1.html'\n }).", "\n when('/view2', {\n templateUrl: 'views/view2.html'\n }).", "\n otherwise({\n redirectTo: '/'\n });\n }]);\n\nYou would include the following markup:\n<div ng-view></div>\n\nThis is where the different templates will be displayed when hitting the different urls.", "\nHope that helps!", "\nEDIT\nA simple change to what you currently have would be, a single controller, header and footer changed to directives, and the state to determine the content view.", "\n<div ng-controller=\"abcController\">\n <div class=\"row-fluid\">\n <section class=\"header\">\n <div my-header></div>\n </section>\n\n <section class=\"content\">\n <section class=\"actions\">\n <div ui-view=\"action-bar\"></div>\n </section>\n </section>\n\n <section class=\"footer\">\n <div my-footer></div>\n </section>\n </div>\n</div>\n\nThen you can switch view from state and still use templates for the header and footer, and switch content of the view from state. ", " Or if the content of the header and footer also change, include those directives in the template of the different views.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Mark Gastineau\n\nMarcus Dell Gastineau (born November 20, 1956) is an American former football player who was a defensive end for the New York Jets from 1979 to 1988. ", "A five-time Pro Bowler, he was one of the quickest and most feared pass rushers of his generation. ", "Gastineau was ranked the 8th greatest pass rusher in NFL History on NFL Network's Top 10 Pass Rushers.", "\n\nEarly life\nGastineau was born in Ardmore, Oklahoma, and moved to Springerville, Arizona at the age of seven, when his parents, Ernie and Lou, bought a ranch. ", "Mark broke his leg as a child in such a horrific manner that he was told by doctors that he would never walk again. ", "Mark overcame the injury and the odds and Ernie built his son a rodeo ring, and Mark began entering team-roping events at 12. ", "Mark's other passion was collecting Indian artifacts in Arizona's White Mountains. ", "At Round Valley High School, Gastineau needed urging from his father to play football. ", "Gastineau showed promise, but not enough to attract attention from major colleges.", "\n\nCollege\nHe entered Eastern Arizona Junior College in 1975 and earned All-America honors in his first season. ", "He transferred to Arizona State University, and spent just one season playing defensive end there before finally settling upon East Central Oklahoma State University, now East Central University, in Ada, Oklahoma. ", "He had 27 quarterback sacks in his college career, and earned Outstanding Defensive Lineman honors for the North in the 1979 Senior Bowl. ", "He became ECU's first-ever draft pick when the New York Jets selected him in the second round of the 1979 NFL Draft.", "\n\nNew York Jets\nGastineau was among the most talented and honored defensive linemen of his era. ", "He made the Pro Bowl five straight seasons (1981–85) and finished his ten-year career with 74 sacks. ", "He was a First-team All-Pro in years 1982-84 and was consensus All-AFC in each of those years.", "\n\nThe \"New York Sack Exchange\"\nIn New York, Gastineau was a key part of the famed \"New York Sack Exchange,\" the Jets defensive line that also included Joe Klecko, Marty Lyons and Abdul Salaam. ", "The four combined for 66 sacks in 1981, including twenty by Gastineau (In 1981 sacks were unofficial, but Gastineau's 20 sacks trailed Klecko by only ½ a sack), to lead the Jets to their first playoff game since 1969. ", "He was Second-team All-Pro in 1981 as well as being consensus All-AFC. ", "In November 1981, he, Klecko, Lyons and Salaam were invited to ring the ceremonial opening bell at the New York Stock Exchange, which served as the inspiration for their nickname.", "\n\nWith Klecko rupturing the patella tendon in his right knee in the second game of the strike shortened 1982 season against the New England Patriots, Gastineau became the new unofficial leader of the \"Sack Exchange.\" ", "Though he was often double teamed, he finished the season with six sacks, and was voted the NFL Defensive Player of the Year by NEA (and awarded the George S. Halas Trophy). ", "The Jets made the playoffs again in 1982, losing the AFC Championship game to the Miami Dolphins.", "\n\nDefensive Player of the Year\nThe 1983 season started with Gastineau and the Jets' first round pick of the 1983 NFL Draft, quarterback Ken O'Brien, being arrested and charged with assault at Studio 54. ", "Despite this off-the-field indiscretion, Gastineau totaled 19 sacks to lead the NFL for the first time.", "\n\nGastineau was nationally famous for doing his signature \"Sack Dance\" after sacking an opposing quarterback. ", "However, he had to stop when the NFL declared it \"unsportsmanlike taunting\" in March 1984 and began fining players for it. ", "The ban on the Sack Dance stemmed from a 1983 game against the Los Angeles Rams, when Gastineau and Rams Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive tackle Jackie Slater got into a fight following a Gastineau sack of Rams quarterback Vince Ferragamo.", "\n\nGastineau had his best individual season with an NFL record 22 sacks (leading the NFL for the second year in a row), 69 tackles and one fumble recovery for a touchdown in 1984. ", "He was voted the UPI AFC Defensive Player of the Year, and was also named MVP of that season's Pro Bowl after tallying four sacks and a safety in that game. ", "Gastineau's sack record stood for seventeen years until Michael Strahan broke it in 2001.", "\n\nNew defensive coordinator Bud Carson installed a 3-4 defense for the 1985 season. ", "Gastineau shifted from left defensive end to right defensive end, although he did move him around to allow for mismatches. ", "Gastineau broke his hand early in that season but still finished second in the league with 13½ sacks and was voted All-Pro by the NEA.", "\n\nThe Jets finished 11-5 in 1985 to earn a wildcard spot in the playoffs along with fellow AFC East rivals, the New England Patriots. ", "Gastineau recorded a sack in the Jets' 26-14 loss to the Pats at the Meadowlands.", "\n\n1986 playoffs\nFor the start of the 1986 season, Gastineau was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated alongside New York Giants star linebacker Lawrence Taylor. ", "Injuries limited Gastineau to just two sacks in ten games (his lowest total since his rookie season) as he was slowed by groin and abdominal muscle ailments and then by a damaged left knee that required arthroscopic surgery and forced him to miss the last five games of the regular season.", "\n\nGastineau rebounded in the postseason, however, recording a sack in the Jets 35-15 wildcard round victory over the Kansas City Chiefs and 2½ more in the Divisional Round Playoff game against the Cleveland Browns. ", " Late in the fourth quarter of that game, though, with the Jets leading 20-10 and the Browns facing a second down and 24 from their own 18-yard line, Gastineau was called for a roughing the passer penalty.", "\n\nThe play had originally resulted in an incomplete pass by Browns quarterback Bernie Kosar so instead of having a 3rd-and-24 situation, the 15-yard penalty on Gastineau gave the Browns a first down at their own 33. ", "From there, the Browns drove the remaining 67 yards to a touchdown which cut the Jets' lead to 20-17. ", "The Browns would later tie the game with 7 seconds remaining in regulation on a 22-yard field goal by Mark Moseley and win it on a 27-yard field goal by Moseley 2 minutes and 2 seconds into the second overtime period.", "\n\nAfter the game, Gastineau said that he hadn't been guilty of roughing and that he was \"just following through.\" ", "Teammate Marty Lyons, the Jets' other starting defensive end, defended Gastineau saying, \"(Ben Dreith) is a referee who's known to take care of the quarterback.\" ", "Joe Walton, the Jets' head coach would say only, \"It was a very key play, Mark was just trying to do the best he could do.\"", "\n\n1987 NFL Players' strike\nIn 1987, Gastineau was the only Jet regular to immediately cross the picket line in that year's players' strike, citing his need to pay alimony. ", "Teammate Dave Jennings said of this understandably unpopular move: \"We expected it from Mark. ", "He's always put himself in front of the team.\" ", " The crossing brought to a head longstanding tensions between Gastineau and his teammates; he had never been popular in the locker room. ", "Gastineau got into a fight with backup center Guy Bingham when he drove into the Jets complex early in the strike. ", "Gastineau was later joined in crossing the picket line by teammates Marty Lyons and Joe Klecko, further undermining the players' strike.", "\n\nRetirement\n\nGastineau led the AFC in sacks seven weeks into the 1988 season. ", "He then abruptly announced his retirement soon after Brigitte Nielsen, to whom he had previously announced his engagement, claimed to be suffering from cancer of the uterus. ", "The announcement was followed by a surge of investigation by local New York papers of whether she was telling the truth, reflecting citywide mistrust of Gastineau. ", "At the time of his retirement, Gastineau was the NFL's all-time leader in sacks.", "\n\nGastineau tried a comeback, in the Canadian Football League in 1990. ", "He signed a two-year contract with the BC Lions, but got injured and was released after only four games.", "\n\nGastineau was inducted into the New York Jets Ring of Honor on October 8, 2012.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nSacks were not an official stat until 1982\nPostseason Stats: Played in seven postseason contests, with five starts, and had nine sacks including 4½ in 3 games during the 1982 postseason.", "\n\nBoxing\nIn 1991, Gastineau began a career in boxing, lasting five years. ", "In his first fight, Gastineau knocked out Derrick Dukes in the first round. ", "Dukes, a professional wrestler, later admitted he took a dive. ", "TV newsmagazine show 60 Minutes interviewed several others that fought Gastineau and were told to take dives to make Gastineau look good. ", "His career ended in 1996 when he lost to another former football player, Alonzo Highsmith. ", " In 18 career bouts, his record in boxing was fifteen wins, two losses, and one no-contest.", "\n\nPersonal life\nGastineau has been married three times. ", "His first wife, Lisa Gastineau and their daughter Brittny Gastineau starred in the E! ", "reality television show, The Gastineau Girls. ", "Gastineau has a son with actress Brigitte Nielsen, Killian Marcus. ", "He was estranged from both children in 2010.", "\n\nShortly after his release from prison in 2001, Gastineau claims he has put his turbulent past behind him after he had a religious conversion to faith in Jesus Christ. ", "Gastineau has appeared on programs such as The 700 Club to speak of his experience. ", "Gastineau is a member of the choir at Times Square Church, where he married third wife JoAnn in 2007.", "\n\nLegal issues\nIn 1984, Gastineau was found guilty of assaulting a patron at Studio 54. ", "He was sentenced to 90 hours of community service, teaching football to inmates at Rikers Island.", "\n\nIn 1991, Gastineau was arrested for picking up a package of amphetamine pills at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport. ", "He was sentenced to three years probation in 1993.", "\n\nIn September, 2000, Gastineau was sentenced to 18 months in jail after failing to complete an anger management course after hitting his second wife, Patricia.", "\n\nHealth\nIn January 2017, Gastineau revealed that he had been diagnosed with dementia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease in the previous year. ", "Gastineau said he believed the illnesses could be traced back to football, stating he wanted to continue to teach younger football players how to play the game safely. ", "He blames the brain diseases on poor tackling technique.", "\n\nIn March 2019, Gastineau revealed that he had been battling colon cancer.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1956 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:American football defensive ends\nCategory:American players of Canadian football\nCategory:Canadian football defensive linemen\nCategory:Arizona State Sun Devils football players\nCategory:BC Lions players\nCategory:Eastern Arizona Gila Monsters football players\nCategory:East Central Tigers football players\nCategory:New York Jets players\nCategory:American Conference Pro Bowl players\nCategory:People from Ardmore, Oklahoma\nCategory:Players of American football from Arizona\nCategory:Players of American football from Oklahoma\nCategory:People with dementia\nCategory:People with Alzheimer's disease\nCategory:People with Parkinson's disease\nCategory:People from Springerville, Arizona\nCategory:American male boxers\nCategory:Boxers from Oklahoma\nCategory:Heavyweight boxers" ]

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[ "A field model of left-right asymmetries in the pattern regulation of a cell.", "\nDynamical models can offer insights into important aspects of patterns that recur throughout the biological world, such as global symmetries, mirror images, and pattern reversals, etc. ", "Building on phenomenological rules of pattern formation (e.g. E. M. Nelsen and J. Frankel, 1986, Dev. ", "Biol. ", "114, 53), the author developed a mathematical model of a morphogenetic field, expressed as a vector field, which contains the information to specify a pattern. ", "The dynamics of the field arises from the minimization of a nonlinear energy density functional, a quartic polynomial of the field together with field gradient effects. ", "This model was successfully applied in detail to surface patterns observed in right-handed Tetrahymena, where reproducible regions of left- and right-handed domains appear during regulation. ", "Counterpart experiments on left-handed patterned cells suggest an intrinsic asymmetry between right- and left-handed patterning in this biological system, causing left-handed cells to follow different regulation pathways from the right-handed cells. ", "We show that the energy minimization approach can account for this globally different behaviour in a version of the model with small local asymmetry." ]

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[ "Former Fusion GPS Employee: Almost Every Claim We Made About Paul Manafort Was Wrong and I Regret Having Pushed This Hoax On to the Public Chuck Ross reporting. #", "SalonHot25 hardest hit. #", "SalonHot25 hardest hit. ", "A former contractor for Fusion GPS claims the opposition research firm got its investigation of former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort \"almost completely wrong.\" ", "Graham Stack, who was hired by Fusion GPS in July 2016, writes in the Kyiv Post that he \"share[s] the blame\" for creating what he now says is a false narrative that Manafort worked for the Ukrainian government to advance a pro-Russia agenda. \"", "There have been scores of media articles about Manafort -- and 90 percent regurgitate the simplistic narrative of Manafort as a Kremlin trojan horse,\" Stack wrote at the Kyiv Post. \"", "This narrative was developed by Washington commercial intelligence firm Fusion GPS in 2016, as part of their now famous dossier on Trump, distributed widely among major media outlets,\" Stack continued. ... ", "Stack, who has written for the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, argues that Manafort's work in Ukraine did not advance Russia�s interests. \"", "What we got wrong about Manafort -- and what Mueller has got partly right in his indictment -- is that Manafort was nothing like a pro-Kremlin influence on the former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, as the dossier alleged. ", "Instead, Manafort was one of the driving forces pushing Yanukovych towards signing the agreement with the EU. ", "The Kremlin has every reason to hate him,\" Stack wrote. \"", "Manafort was amazingly successful in bringing Ukraine into the Western fold,\" he said. ", "OUT: Manafort is a secret agent for Russia OUT: Manafort is a secret agent for Russia IN: Manafort is a double-super-secret agent for the E.U. IN: Manafort is a double-super-secret agent for the E.U. Posted by: Ace of Spades at 05:36 PM\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMuNuvians MeeNuvians Polls! ", "Polls! ", "Polls! ", "Frequently Asked Questions The (Almost) Complete Paul Anka Integrity Kick Top Top Tens Greatest Hitjobs News/Chat" ]

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[ "Marine electromagnetic surveying is a geophysical survey technique that uses electromagnetic energy to identify possibly hydrocarbon-bearing rock formations below the bottom of a body of water, such as a lake or ocean. ", "In one example of a marine electromagnetic survey system, an electromagnetic source may be towed at a selected depth in the body of water while a number of electromagnetic sensors are disposed at a substantially stationary position at the water bottom. ", "The survey can be conducted for a range of electromagnetic source and electromagnetic sensor positions. ", "The electromagnetic source can be actuated while towed through the water to emit an electric field that propagates outwardly into the water and downwardly into formations below the water bottom. ", "The electromagnetic sensors detect and record electromagnetic field signals that can be used to infer certain properties of the subsurface rock, such as structure, mineral composition and fluid content, thereby providing information useful in the recovery of hydrocarbons.", "\nDrawbacks to electromagnetic survey systems that use stationary sensors may include limited data acquisition due, for example, to a practical limit on the number of sensors that can be deployed at given time. ", "Additional drawbacks may include the sensitivity of the stationary sensors to variations in the topography of the water bottom. ", "To address these and other drawbacks with stationary sensors, electromagnetic survey systems have been developed that include towing both the electromagnetic source and the electromagnetic sensors through the water. ", "Despite more dense data coverage and less sensor sensitivity to variations on the water bottoms, these towed systems may also have drawbacks. ", "For example, there may be less flexibility in selected source and sensor positions to obtain data on targets from different angles. ", "In addition, towed systems may also have increased induction noise due to movement of both the source and sensors through the water. ", "Also towed systems typically may only measure the inline component of the electric field because the source and sensors may only have electrodes spaced apart in the towing direction.", "\nAccordingly, there is a need for improved methods and systems for marine electromagnetic surveying." ]

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[ "Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs.", "\nLipids have the potential for development as anticancer agents. ", "Endogenous membrane lipids, such as ceramides and certain saturated fatty acids, have been found to modulate the viability of tumor cells. ", "In addition, many tumors over-express cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or cytochrome P450 enzymes that mediate the biotransformation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to potent eicosanoid regulators of tumor cell proliferation and cell death. ", "In contrast, several analogous products from the biotransformation of ω-3 PUFAs impair particular tumorigenic pathways. ", "For example, the ω-3 17,18-epoxide of eicosapentaenoic acid activates anti-proliferative and proapoptotic signaling cascades in tumor cells and the lipoxygenase-derived resolvins are effective inhibitors of inflammatory pathways that may drive tumor expansion. ", "However, the development of potential anti-cancer drugs based on these molecules is complex, with in vivo stability a major issue. ", "Nevertheless, recent successes with the antitumor alkyl phospholipids, which are synthetic analogues of naturally-occurring membrane phospholipid esters, have provided the impetus for development of further molecules. ", "The alkyl phospholipids have been tested against a range of cancers and show considerable activity against skin cancers and certain leukemias. ", "Very recently, it has been shown that combination strategies, in which alkyl phospholipids are used in conjunction with established anticancer agents, are promising new therapeutic approaches. ", "In future, the evaluation of new lipid-based molecules in single-agent and combination treatments may also be assessed. ", "This could provide a range of important treatment options in the management of advanced and metastatic cancer." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nFieldset onclick getting radio button clicked value\n\nI have a fieldset in my HTML which basically represents 5 star rating system like following:\n<fieldset class=\"rating\" id=\"ratingSystem\">\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star5\" name=\"rating\" value=\"5\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star5\" title=\"Awesome - 5 stars\"></label>\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star4\" name=\"rating\" value=\"4\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star4\" title=\"Pretty good - 4 stars\"></label>\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star3\" name=\"rating\" value=\"3\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star3\" title=\"Meh - 3 stars\"></label>\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star2\" name=\"rating\" value=\"2\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star2\" title=\"Kinda bad - 2 stars\"></label>\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star1\" name=\"rating\" value=\"1\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star1\" title=\"Sucks big time - 1 star\"></label>\n</fieldset>\n\nAnd I've defined an onclick event which defines when user clicks on some of the star ratings (radio buttons) then I'd simply for testing purposes display the clicked value, but I always get double values displayed instead of the displayed one...\nFor instance if I clicked on 5 I get displayed in console: \nundefined \n5\n\nSecond time I click on 4 I get values:\n5\n4\n\nThe code I use for it is:\n$('#ratingSystem').click(function () {\n console.log($('input[name=rating]:checked').val());\n });\n\nWhat am I doing wrong here?", "\nEdit, these are the CSS classes that I use to turn the radio buttons into stars so that it looks like star rating system: \nfieldset, label { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody{ margin: 20px; }\nh1 { font-size: 1.5em; margin: 10px; }\n\n/****** Style Star Rating Widget *****/\n\n.rating { \n border: none;\n float: left;\n}\n\n.rating > input { display: none; } \n.rating > label:before { \n margin: 5px;\n font-size: 1.25em;\n font-family: FontAwesome;\n display: inline-block;\n content: \"\\f005\";\n}\n\n.rating > .half:before { \n content: \"\\f089\";\n position: absolute;\n}\n\n.rating > label { \n color: #ddd; \n float: right; \n}\n\n/***** CSS Magic to Highlight Stars on Hover *****/\n\n.rating > input:checked ~ label, /* show gold star when clicked */\n.rating:not(:checked) > label:hover, /* hover current star */\n.rating:not(:checked) > label:hover ~ label { color: #FFD700; } /* hover previous stars in list */\n\n.rating > input:checked + label:hover, /* hover current star when changing rating */\n.rating > input:checked ~ label:hover,\n.rating > label:hover ~ input:checked ~ label, /* lighten current selection */\n.rating > input:checked ~ label:hover ~ label { color: #FFED85; } \n\nCould any of these classes be the source of the issue?", "\n\nA:\n\nTry to attach your event to each input elements:\n\n$('#ratingSystem input').click(function() {\r\n console.log($(this).val());\r\n});\n<script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n<fieldset class=\"rating\" id=\"ratingSystem\">\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star5\" name=\"rating\" value=\"5\" />\r\n <label class=\"full\" for=\"star5\" title=\"Awesome - 5 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star4\" name=\"rating\" value=\"4\" />\r\n <label class=\"full\" for=\"star4\" title=\"Pretty good - 4 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star3\" name=\"rating\" value=\"3\" />\r\n <label class=\"full\" for=\"star3\" title=\"Meh - 3 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star2\" name=\"rating\" value=\"2\" />\r\n <label class=\"full\" for=\"star2\" title=\"Kinda bad - 2 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star1\" name=\"rating\" value=\"1\" />\r\n <label class=\"full\" for=\"star1\" title=\"Sucks big time - 1 star\"></label>\r\n</fieldset>\n\nA:\n\nYou may attaching another event to the checkbox's somewhere else but you could check the working snippet below based on your OP code shows that the console.log fire just one time on click.", "\nI suggest to attach the click to the input directly the get the current checked value using just :\n$(this).val();\n\nHope this helps.", "\n\n$('#ratingSystem input').click(function () {\r\n console.log($(this).val());\r\n});\nfieldset, label { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\r\nbody{ margin: 20px; }\r\nh1 { font-size: 1.5em; margin: 10px; }\r\n\r\n/****** Style Star Rating Widget *****/\r\n\r\n.rating { \r\n border: none;\r\n float: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.rating > input { display: none; } \r\n.rating > label:before { \r\n margin: 5px;\r\n font-size: 1.25em;\r\n font-family: FontAwesome;\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n content: \"\\f005\";\r\n}\r\n\r\n.rating > .half:before { \r\n content: \"\\f089\";\r\n position: absolute;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.rating > label { \r\n color: #ddd; \r\n float: right; \r\n}\r\n\r\n/***** CSS Magic to Highlight Stars on Hover *****/\r\n\r\n.rating > input:checked ~ label, /* show gold star when clicked */\r\n.rating:not(:checked) > label:hover, /* hover current star */\r\n.rating:not(:checked) > label:hover ~ label { color: #FFD700; } /* hover previous stars in list */\r\n\r\n.rating > input:checked + label:hover, /* hover current star when changing rating */\r\n.rating > input:checked ~ label:hover,\r\n.rating > label:hover ~ input:checked ~ label, /* lighten current selection */\r\n.rating > input:checked ~ label:hover ~ label { color: #FFED85; } \n<script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n<fieldset class=\"rating\" id=\"ratingSystem\">\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star5\" name=\"rating\" value=\"5\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star5\" title=\"Awesome - 5 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star4\" name=\"rating\" value=\"4\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star4\" title=\"Pretty good - 4 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star3\" name=\"rating\" value=\"3\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star3\" title=\"Meh - 3 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star2\" name=\"rating\" value=\"2\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star2\" title=\"Kinda bad - 2 stars\"></label>\r\n <input type=\"radio\" id=\"star1\" name=\"rating\" value=\"1\" /><label class=\"full\" for=\"star1\" title=\"Sucks big time - 1 star\"></label>\r\n</fieldset>\n\n" ]

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[ "Electronic Arts' exclusive deal with Disney to make games based on Star Wars should have been a godsend—a contractual coup that could carry the company forward for years to come. ", "Instead, it appears to be more akin to the Executor trying to parallel park in front of the Death Star: According to this CNBC report, EA has shed $3 billion in stock value since the launch of Star Wars Battlefront 2, and the fallout could impact the future direction of its entire business.", "\n\nEA's share price is down 8.5 percent since the beginning of November, compared to an increase of five percent for Take-Two, and 0.7 percent for Activision, over the same period. ", "It's not a meltdown—EA's stock price is still up 39 percent over 2017, having reached an all-time high in October. ", "But backlash against in-your-face loot boxes lit a fire, and EA's decision to turn them off—temporarily—only emphasized the game's apparent inability to function well without them.", "\n\nInitial sales have reportedly flagged, but the real problem is the loot box boondoggle. ", "EA reported earlier this year (via GamesIndustry) that the microtransaction-driven FIFA Ultimate Team is now worth $800 million annually, but the need to clean up the Battlefront 2 mess could see that figure cut. ", "In a recent investors note, Cowen and Co. analyst Doug Creutz said, \"We think the time has come for the industry to collectively establish a set of standards for MTX implementation, both to repair damaged player perceptions and avoid the threat of regulation.\"", "\n\nInterestingly, while there have been reports of Disney's displeasure with EA over this whole mess, EA CFO Blake Jorgensen said at the Credit Suisse Annual Technology, Media and Telecom Conference (via Polygon) that it was actually a commitment to Star Wars canon and \"realism\" that led it to fill Battlefront 2 loot boxes with credits, Star Cards, and similar items, rather than throwaway cosmetics that don't have any impact on gameplay.", "\n\n\"The one thing we're very focused on and they are extremely focused on is not violating the canon of Star Wars,\" he said. \"", "It's an amazing brand that’s been built over many, many years, and so if you did a bunch of cosmetic things, you might start to violate the canon, right? ", "Darth Vader in white probably doesn't make sense, versus in black. ", "Not to mention you probably don't want Darth Vader in pink. ", "No offense to pink, but I don't think that's right in the canon.\"", "\n\n\"So, there might be things that we can do cosmetically, and we’re working with Lucas[film] on that. ", "But coming into it, it wasn’t as easy as if we were building a game around our own IP where it didn’t really matter. ", "It matters in Star Wars, because Star Wars fans want realism.\"", "\n\nIt's an admirable commitment to the integrity of the brand, I suppose, but I can't help thinking that there was probably a better way to go about it. ", "Also, I suspect that these guys would disagree." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSQL Synatax error for datetime column\n\nThe structure of history is \nCREATE TABLE 'history' \n ( \n 'id' INTEGER PRIMARY KEY autoincrement NOT NULL, \n 'symbol' INTEGER NOT NULL, \n 'shares' INTEGER NOT NULL, \n 'price' text NOT NULL, \n 'transaction' datetime NOT NULL, \n 'user_id' INTEGER NOT NULL \n )\n\nThe insert sql statement fails on:\nINSERT INTO history \n (symbol, \n shares, \n price, \n transaction, \n user_id) \nVALUES ('MSFT', \n 10, \n 25, \n '2017-02-26 21:50:10', \n 3) \n\nCould not fix the issue. ", "Please help.", "\n\nA:\n\ntransaction is a reserved word so you should double quote it when you want to use it as a column name:\nINSERT INTO history\n(symbol, shares, price, \"transaction\", user_id) ...\n ^ ^\n\nBetter would be to use a different name for the column so that you don't have to worry about quoting things.", "\nAlso, in SQL, double quotes are for identifiers and single quotes are for string literals so you should get in the habit of using double quotes in your create table. ", "SQLite will let you get away with a lot of things but good habits (such as proper quoting) are better than bad habits (such as relying on SQLite's sloppy interpretation of SQL).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Observing the world of renewable energy and sustainable living\n\nHow Many Solar Panels Needed To Power Entire World?", "\n\nActually, surprisingly little: 496,805 square kilometers. ", "That’s Spain. ", "And this is the replacement of the world consumption of energy in all of its forms (barrels of petroleum, cubic meters of natural gas, watts of hydro power, etc. ", "or 199,721 TW•h per year). ", "And there would be more than enough otherwise useless space in the Sahara to do that. ", "Not that we advocate that, for political reasons. ", "It’s better to have a distributed system, like panels on every roof, just like there are hundreds of millions of computers under these roofs as we speak.", "\n\nNext question, how much energy does it cost to setup such a gigantic new energy base? ", "From this source: it takes 400 kwh/m2 (multicrystalline solar cell). ", "A barrel of oil contains 1700 kwh, it takes less than a quarter of a barrel to produce one m2 panel. ", "And I would be surprised if the new solar film cells cost even less. ", "In other words, the world ‘only’ needs 0.12 trillion barrel of oil to construct a radical new energy base, based on solar, in the light of one trillion barrel remaining oil reserves. ", "That is doable (in terms of remaining carbon capital)." ]

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[ "Grooveshark is one of our favorite streaming music services, but new web service Cantio has stepped up to challenge them with some very similar features, including playlists, favorites, and a library of songs millions of tracks deep.", "\n\nHaving to sync all your music between devices is annoying. ", "Luckily a number of cloud music services …\nRead more Read more\n\nEven Cantio's interface was inspired by Grooveshark, although the large album art display is a little cleaner. ", "The service starts you off by suggesting music to you, instead of leaving you to search for it, using Last.fm's charts and the Billboard Top 10 as references. ", "Searching for new music is easy, as is adding songs you like to your favorites or to a playlist.", "\n\nCantio has a way to go before it's ready for prime time, however. ", "You'll be able to find a lot of great music, but if you're looking for niche bands or remixes, you may be out of luck, especially since Cantio pulls music and videos from YouTube. ", "Plus, we found it quirky, sometimes refusing to play songs or videos. ", "Even so, more options are always better. ", "What do you use for streaming music? ", "Leave your favorite service in the comments." ]

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[ "Although nanomaterials have tremendous potential to improve human health, it has remained surprisingly elusive to leverage their properties to produce real clinical impact. ", "One of the most promising applications of nanoparticles is in sensors for detection of analytes. ", "For sensors that need to be performed at the point of care (POC), one large barrier to unlocking the potential of nanoparticles is the traditional need for complex detectors, such as microscopes, optical filters, charged-coupled detectors, and photomultiplier tubes. ", "While suitable for a well-equipped laboratory, such instrumentation is not feasible in resource-limited settings where some of the most medically dire patients reside. ", "Here, we propose to develop and field-test a novel POC diagnostics device that centers on a signal amplification strategy where silver salts are reduced to solid silver, in a reaction catalyzd by gold nanoparticles conjugated to detection antibodies. ", "In this proposal, we propose to develop a portable instrument that can read out the resultant optical signal, to help move nanoparticles to being used in real practical POC sensors. ", "PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this grant is to leverage the unique properties of nanoparticles to build a low-cost portable instrument that can read out the optical signals catalyzed by nanoparticles." ]

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[ "Keyword Traffic Estimator - Why You Need to Use One to Maximize Your Chances of Online Success - kendalllarso513's Blog\n\nKeyword Traffic Estimator - Why You Need to Use One to Maximize Your Chances of Online Success\n\nPosted\n\nMake no mistake about it: the future of real estate is online. ", "So if you're serious about increasing your site traffic, then it's time to start focusing on Website marketing, specifically Search Engine Optimisation (SEO).", "\n\nYou can buy an SEO package with articles (specific to your specialization, not necessarily generically written) and obtain listed in the top #10 search rankings for your keywords of preference. (", "Perhaps as very far as #1!) ", "Imagine the traffic you could bring in if your site came up as #2 for a really popular location as Holiday to orlando, Tangerine County or Dallas..Keyword traffic estimation basically gives you the approximate number of searches for the individual keyword phrases tightly related to the niche that you're targeting. ", "Therefore an effective keyword research tool but not only supplies you with as many related keyword phrases as possible, but also contains an exact keyword traffic estimator which you could confidently use to predict the quality of possible search demand.", "\n\nMany online marketers make the mistake of not doing adequate keyword research with reliable exploration tools, and instead rely on their gut to determine which keyword phrases to target and based their content around. ", "Don't fall for this trap. ", "Just because a keyword seems like a common-sense one to target for a particular niche doesn't means that people are actually in need of that exact keyword phrase using the search engines.", "\n\nI have seen many marketers feel the time and effort constructing beautiful blogs and websites around a specific keyword phrase. ", "They write their content based off of that phrase and do a superb job at optimizing their sites and blogs. ", "And then they get no targeted visitors? ", "Why? ", "By using some sort of keyword traffic estimator, the result is clear. ", "There just isn't everyone typing that specific keyword into Google. ", "Keyword estimation is important, and needs to be among the first steps in your overall keyword research.", "\n\nWhether you promote your site using search engine optimization methods or using ppc campaigns, you always need a superb set of keywords to optimize this article of your site in the beginning. ", "Divide them inside different groups. ", "Make separate landing pages for all the keyword groups. ", "Then bid high for every group so that all your ads can appear relating to the first page of that Google searches.", "\n\nTest this campaign at least for one week. ", "This way you can find out the actual number of impressions and clicks for each keyword. ", "Multiplying these impressions 4 times will give you the much accurate number of searches for all the keywords in your marketing campaign groups.", "\n\nThis way you can make sure that the keywords you select for your SEO campaigns are going to bring you the concrete results. ", "Use only those keywords with highest searches and optimize your internet pages for these keywords to obtain high ranking in the search engines. ", "This is the best use of keyword traffic estimator and you should find this method pretty reliable to choose the most profitable keywords for your SEO campaigns.", "\n\nNow although this method offers you accurate data, it is incredibly expensive and take more time and energy than you'd like to invest (especially if you are planning to target more than one niche). ", "Luckily there are keyword research tools available now that include a steady keyword traffic estimator . ", "seo frisco" ]

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[ "\n241 Pa. Superior Ct. ", "359 (1976)\n361 A.2d 688\nJohn RICHARDS and Elizabeth Richards, his wife, Appellants,\nv.\nJohn E. SWIFT and Margaret G. Swift, his wife.", "\nSuperior Court of Pennsylvania.", "\nJune 28, 1976.", "\n*361 Gerald C. Grimaud, Tunkhannock, for appellants.", "\nJames E. Davis, John B. Farr, Tunkhannock, for appellees.", "\nBefore WATKINS, President Judge, and JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE, PRICE, VAN der VOORT and SPAETH, JJ.", "\nCERCONE, Judge:\nThis is an appeal from a judgment of non pros entered against plaintiffs, John and Elizabeth Richards, in favor of defendants, John E. and Margaret G. Swift. ", "The facts are as follows. ", "On March 22, 1952 defendants entered into an agreement situated at Lake Winola to defendants for consideration of $6,000. ", "On March 26, 1952 defendants entered into an agreement to convey back to plaintiffs the same property within two years for consideration of $6,000. ", "For reasons unimportant to the instant appeal, defendants would not convey the property back to plaintiffs and, on September 24, 1954, plaintiffs filed a complaint in equity asking for specific performance. ", "On December 16, 1954 defendants filed an answer and trial commenced on June 1, 1955 before the Honorable Edward B. Farr. ", "Testimony of the trial was transcribed and filed on August 1, 1955. ", "Within five months Judge Farr retired without disposing of the matter. ", "For nineteen years the matter laid dormant, until October 10, 1974, when defendants filed a petition for non pros and a rule was issued against plaintiffs to show why the case should not be non prossed. ", "Plaintiffs filed their answer on December 17, 1974 and on December 18, 1974 a hearing was held. ", "An order entered June 7, 1975 granted defendants' request for a judgment of non pros. ", "It is from this order which plaintiffs now appeal to this court.", "\nThe law as to when a non pros may be granted is clear. ", "Three conditions must be present (1) the plaintiff must have failed to prosecute his action within a *362 reasonable time; (2) there must be no reasonable excuse for the delay; and (3) the delay must have been prejudicial to the defendant. ", "James Bros. Co. v. Union B. & T. of DuBois, 432 Pa. 129, 247 A.2d 587 (1968); Gaito v. Matson, 228 Pa.Super. ", "288, 323 A.2d 753 (1974); Rizzo v. Pittsburgh Railways Co., 226 Pa.Super. ", "566, 323 A.2d 174 (1974). ", "It is also clear that a decision granting a judgment of non pros is soundly within the discretion of the lower court and such decision will not be reversed absent manifest abuse of discretion. ", "Gallgher v. Jewish Hosp. ", "Assn. ", "of Phila., ", "425 Pa. 122, 228 A.2d 732 (1967).", "\nBecause of the length of the delay in the instant case the first condition does not warrant extensive discussion. ", "Admittedly the plaintiffs promptly filed their complaint and saw that the matter went to trial. ", "However, after trial their prosecutorial promptness substantially diminished. ", "They allowed the case to lie dormant for nineteen years. ", "This delay is unreasonable. ", "While we agree the court must accept some degree of fault, this did not relieve plaintiffs from the duty to press on with their case. ", "As was stated in Waring Bros. & Co. v. Pa. R.R. Co., 176 Pa. 172, 178, 35 A. 106, 108 (1896): \"[I]t is the plaintiff's duty to proceed with his cause within a reasonable time. ", "He is the actor, and must act, or fail.\" ", "The fact that the lower court did not decide the matter after trial did not relieve the plaintiffs of this responsibility to proceed with the case. ", "This is particularly significant when the delay could have been easily avoided and remedied by simply bringing the fact that a decision had not been rendered to the attention of the lower court. ", "Accordingly, we hold that plaintiffs did not prosecute their action within a reasonable time.", "\nThe second condition needed for granting a non pros, i.e., that there exists no reasonable excuse for the delay, is also easily disposed of in that the only excuse offered by plaintiffs is that their attorney was responsible for *363 the delay. ", "We are aware of the line of cases in which mistake, oversight or neglect of counsel has been held to excuse a delay. ", "See Balk v. Ford Motor Co., 446 Pa. 137, 285 A.2d 128 (1971); Fox v. Mellon, 438 Pa. 364, 264 A.2d 623 (1970); Stephens v. Bartholomew, 422 Pa. 311, 220 A.2d 617 (1966); Manson v. First National Bank, 366 Pa. 211, 77 A.2d 399 (1951); Johnson v. Yellow Cab Co. of Phil., ", "226 Pa.Super. ", "270, 307 A.2d 423 (1973); Poluka v. Cole, 222 Pa.Super. ", "500, 295 A.2d 132 (1972); Cinnaminson Park Co. v. Laws, 63 Pa.Super. ", "189 (1916). ", "However, in the instant case we do not have a situation where an attorney missed a filing date by a few hours and in turn jeopardized a valuable cause of action for his unknowing client. ", "Here we have a delay of almost two decades during which time plaintiff took no action whatsoever. ", "Such a situation leads to the inescapable conclusion that plaintiffs themselves abandoned their cause of action.", "\nAs to the third condition, that the delay was prejudicial to the defendants, plaintiffs raise several arguments. ", "First, plaintiffs contend that testimony of prejudice to the defendants should not have been introduced into evidence because no averments of prejudice appeared in defendants' petition for non pros and, therefore, plaintiffs were not prepared to argue this issue at the hearing. ", "While we do not wish to encourage the use of inarticulately drawn petitions, we nevertheless cannot accept plaintiffs' contention that he was justified in being unprepared to argue the issue of prejudice due to the complained of omission from the petition. ", "We reach this conclusion for several reasons. ", "First, the law as to when a non pros may be granted is clear. ", "Three conditions must be present, one of which is as mentioned above, prejudice to the defendant. ", "James Bros. Co. v. Union B. & T. Co. of DuBois, supra; Gaito v. Matson, supra; Rizzo v. Pittsburgh Railways Co., supra. ", "A mere *364 cursory review of the law relating to non pros would have revealed that defendant was required to show prejudice. ", "Accordingly plaintiff cannot claim surprise when evidence as to the required element of prejudice was introduced. ", "Secondly, the mere fact that a nineteen-year delay is alleged, in itself, impliedly and obviously raises the question of prejudice. ", "Thirdly, defendants state in their brief to this court:\n\"Local Rules for the 44th Judicial District require that the parties to a dispute of this nature file briefs in advance of hearing. ", "Appellant's counsel filed a detailed brief prior to hearing in which sub-heading `C' was entitled `Defendant Must Be Prejudiced by the Delay Before He May Succeed on His Petition for Nonpros.' ", "This section of the [hearing] brief cited many of the same cases relied on by both appellants and appellees [on this appeal] to the effect that damage or prejudice must be shown for laches to apply. ", "Appellees had also filed a brief prior to hearing covering the issues of damage and prejudice as a result of the delay in prosecution.\"", "\nIn light of the above we cannot accept plaintiffs' argument that they were unprepared to argue the issue of prejudice due to the complained of omission from the petition.", "\nLastly, plaintiffs contend that the defendants have not actually suffered prejudice by the delay in this case. ", "They argue that the testimony on the specific performance issue is complete, and that the delay will not prejudice the defendant's case due to missing witnesses, lapses of memory or lost documents. ", "While plaintiff is correct as to the lack of prejudice relating to the trial of the case, they fail to consider the broader types of prejudice which result from a delay of this nature. ", "During this nineteen year delay the value of the property in question has risen from $6,000.00 to over $15,000.00. ", "Further-more, defendants have performed extensive and costly *365 renovations and repairs to the premises in the belief that plaintiffs had abandoned their claim. ", "The courts cannot allow a claim which has laid dormant for almost two decades to be reasserted after increases in property value and extensive improvements have made the property more desirable. ", "To do so would allow plaintiffs to profit from their own delay.", "\nAccordingly, since plaintiffs have failed to prosecute their action within a reasonable time, and have failed to offer a reasonable excuse for the delay, while defendants have been prejudiced by the delay, it cannot be said that the lower court abused its discretion by granting the judgment of non pros.", "\nAffirmed.", "\nPRICE, J., files a dissenting opinion in which WATKINS, President Judge, joins.", "\nPRICE, Judge (dissenting).", "\nThis appeal from the entry of a judgment of non pros entered in favor of appellees presents a most unusual problem. ", "That the majority has resolved it in favor of appellees does no violence to precedent for, if my research is correct, there is none. ", "I would, however, resolve this appeal in favor of removing the judgment of non pros and remanding to the lower court with directions to resolve this litigation by finally reaching a determination on the merits.", "\nThe facts relevant to an understanding of this case are not, at this stage, disputed. ", "In March of 1952 the appellants sold a certain lot with a summer cottage erected thereon which is located at Lake Winola in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. ", "The appellees were the buyers and they paid a consideration of $6,000.00 for this property. ", "Also, in March of 1952 these same parties signed a memorandum of agreement covering the same property which, it is alleged, bound appellees to sell the same property *366 to appellants after the expiration of two (2) years for the same purchase price of $6,000.00.", "\nThe terms of this agreement and the facts of the alleged failure of appellees to re-sell the property to appellants are not now before us, however, on September 24, 1954 appellants filed their complaint in Equity for specific performance. ", "Appellees filed their answer on December 16, 1954. ", "Trial commenced on June 1, 1955 before the then President Judge of Wyoming County, the late Honorable Edward B. Farr. ", "The testimony was filed on August 1, 1955. ", "Judge Farr retired five (5) months later without disposing of the matter, and from August 1, 1955, when the testimony was filed, to September 30, 1974, when the Honorable Robert W. Tremboth was assigned to the matter specially, there are no docket entries.", "\nOn October 10, 1974 appellees filed a petition for non pros and that same day a rule was issued against appellants to show cause why their complaint should not be non prossed.", "\nFor reasons not upon the record Judge Tremboth[1] disqualified himself and on November 8, 1974 the Honorable Fred W. Davis was assigned.", "\nOn December 17, 1974 appellants filed their answer to the petition for non pros.", "\nOn December 18, 1974 the hearing on this petition and answer came on before Judge Davis and after the taking of testimony, an order was entered on June 9, 1975 entering the judgment of non pros in favor of appellees. ", "It is from this order that the appeal now before us was taken.", "\nThe lower court concluded that (a) appellees had shown by sufficient evidence that they would be damaged *367 by the allowance of the appellants' cause of action, in that appellees had expended considerable sums of money to make improvements to the cottage and lot and that the value of the said real estate had increased significantly during the delay,[2] and (b) appellants were guilty of laches, in failing to press more effectively for a decision on the merits of their case and that therefore the appellees were entitled to a judgment of non pros against appellants.", "\nThe lower court in its opinion confirms our earlier observation concerning the unusual nature of this case with the observation that the briefs of the parties and its own research has failed to disclose any precedent in a case under the circumstances:\n\"where the trial court itself was prima facie responsible for the delay in the proceeding. ", "It is certainly no excuse, and only a partial explanation, to note that both of Judge Farr's successors on the bench were involved in the case as counsel for the parties, one on each side of the litigation. ", "In the absence of specific authority, we must reason from more general principles of law to arrive at a conclusion.\"", "\nIt is certainly beyond dispute that it is the clear law of this Commonwealth that the granting of a judgment of non pros because of the failure of the plaintiff to prosecute his action within a reasonable time rests within the discretion of the lower court and that the exercise of such discretion will not be disturbed on appeal unless there is proof of a manifest abuse thereof. ", "Gallagher v. Jewish Hospital Association of Philadelphia, 425 Pa. 112, 228 A.2d 732 (1967).", "\nIt is also clear that such a judgment may properly be entered when a party to the proceedings has shown a want of due diligence in failing to proceed with reasonable promptitude and there has been no compelling reason *368 for the delay, and the delay has caused some prejudice to the adverse party, such as the death or unexplained absence of material witnesses. ", "Rizzo v. Pittsburgh Railways Company, 226 Pa.Super. ", "566, 323 A.2d 174 (1974).", "\nThese, of course, are the correct principles of law that have traditionally been applied to non pros cases and are the ones applied by the lower court. ", "They have been employed in all cases I have been able to find when a party in the position of appellants has failed to bring his cause of action to trial. ", "In my opinion, however, it is error to apply such principles to the circumstances here presented. ", "The uniqueness of this case is such that I would hold that they do not apply and reverse as an error of law the lower court's entry of the judgment, thus allowing the lower court to reach a proper judgment on the complete record which is, and has been for over twenty (20) years, available for decision. ", "To impose this drastic measure of non pros under the circumstances here before us is offensive to what I perceive to be the very purpose of such a judgment, that is, to prevent a party from delaying trial of a cause of action until the adverse party suffers such prejudice that its chances to prevail have been greatly reduced. ", "Such a danger is not present here and thus there is no reason to apply those principles. ", "As previously noted I do not, and cannot, cite any precedent for or against such application.", "\nIn Exton Drive-In, Inc. v. Home Indemnity Co., 436 Pa. 480, 261 A.2d 319 (1969), cert. ", "denied, 400 U.S. 819, 91 S.Ct. ", "36, 27 L.Ed.2d 46 (1970), the court was presented, in a non-jury trial, with a delay of more than seven (7) years between the conclusion of the trial and the entry of the verdict. ", "Mr. Justice Pomeroy, speaking for the majority of the Supreme Court, had this comment on judicial delay:\n\"Appellant contends that the lower court's failure to order a new trial sua sponte because of the inordinate *369 delay between trial and decision was an abuse of discretion.", "\nAppellant is correct that the court below had the power to grant a new trial sua sponte, if in its opinion justice so required. ", "Getz v. Balliet, 431 Pa. 441, 446, 246 A.2d 108 (1968); Fisher v. Brick, 358 Pa. 260, 262, 56 A.2d 213 (1948). ", "The question, then, is whether the court abused its discretion by failing to do so.", "\nNothing in the record indicates that any party was responsible for this delay; the fault appears to have been that of the trial judge. ", "Such dereliction flouts the proud promise of the Magna Carta: `to none will we . . . ", "deny, to none delay, either right or justice.' ", "It contravenes the guarantee of the Constitution of this Commonwealth that `. . . ", "Every man. . . ", "shall have . . . ", "right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay.' ", "Article I, Section 11. ", "It flies in the teeth of the statutory standard that the decision of a court sitting without a jury `. . . ", "shall be filed . . . ", "as early as practicable, not exceeding sixty days from the termination of the trial . . .' (", "footnote omitted) The right to have justice administered without delay is a fundamental right which should not be infringed unless no other course is reasonably possible. ", "Kelly v. Brenner, 317 Pa. 55, 59, 175 A. 845 (1934).", "\nWe said in General Foods Corp. [429 Pa. 266, 271, 239 A.2d 359 (1968)], that as a matter of judicial administration we would not condone an eighteen month delay but that we could understand it. ", "A seven year delay we neither condone nor understand; we can only deplore it. ", "While there may have been extenuating circumstances of which we have no knowledge, we must express our sense of dismay and chagrin that a delay so protracted could occur in the courts of this Commonwealth in the 1960's.", "\n\n*370 Our unhappiness with this delay is not, however, a sufficient ground for ordering a new trial, for such an order would still further defer the end to this litigation. ", "If the facts of this case support the decision as rendered, we would compound the injustice by requiring the parties to return to their pre-1960 positions and begin anew the trial of this case. ", "Accordingly, we hold that the lower court's failure to grant a new trial solely because of the long-delayed decision was not an abuse of discretion.\" ", "436 Pa. at 484-86, 261 A.2d at 322-23.", "\nNo place in this discussion is there a hint of penalty to either party in not moving for an earlier decision.", "\nIn Shrum v. Pennsylvania Electric Company, 440 Pa. 383, 269 A.2d 502 (1970), the Supreme Court was called upon to comment upon the entry of a nonsuit at trial and plaintiff's delay of seven (7) years in filing a praecipe for argument on their motion to remove the nonsuit:\n\"We must agree with the lower court and appellees in this matter: we think appellant was guilty of laches. ", "It was her duty as the moving party, not that of the judge, to obtain a transcription of the trial record; and it was her duty as the moving party, not that of the appellees, to have the case put down for argument. ", "Hruska, et al. ", "v. Gibson, 316 Pa. 518, 175 A. 514 (1934). ", "We have recently had occasion to criticize an unexplained delay of seven years on the part of a judge in deciding a motion for a new trial, Exton Drive-In, Inc. v. Home Indemnity Co., 436 Pa. 480, 484, 261 A.2d 319 (1969); surely there is no less reason to deplore a like delay by a litigant or counsel in bringing a post-trial motion on for argument. ", "Such a lapse of time is presumptively prejudicial to all parties even without any specific showing of prejudice on the record, especially where as here, the new trial being sought would take place twelve years following the occurrence involved. ", "It is, moreover, incompatible with the orderly *371 and prompt dispatch of judicial business. ", "Normally only four days are permitted by the rules of court for the filing of post-trial motions; if a new trial is granted, it must be placed at the head of the next general trial list. ", "Act of May 31, 1907, P.L. 357, § 1, 12 P.S. § 693. ", "A lengthy delay in bringing such a motion on for disposition does not comport with this pattern, designed for reasonable expedition in terminating litigation.", "\nIn these circumstances, and in the discretion of the lower court, a judgment of non pros might well have been entered. ", "See James Bros. Lumber Company, et al. ", "v. Union Banking and Trust Company of DuBois, 432 Pa. 129, 247 A.2d 587 (1968); Hruska, et al. ", "v. Gibson, supra; Potter Title & Trust Co., Admr. ", "v. Frank, et al., ", "298 Pa. 137, 148 A. 50 (1929). ", "In the later case this Court observed (page 142, 148 A. page 52): `As a matter of common fairness, he who brings another into court should prosecute the claim against him with reasonable diligence, and one who sues in a representative capacity no less so than an individual. ", "There is no greater reflection upon the administration of justice than the permission of endless litigation.' ", "See, also, Stoever v. Walmer, 140 Pa. 590, 21 A. 444 (1891); Ward v. Patterson, 46 Pa. 372 (1863); Rozelle v. Lewis, 9 Lack.", "Jur. ", "22 (1907). ", "No such motions were filed, however, and the lower court did not decide the case on the ground of delay alone. ", "We have therefore considered the appeal on its merits.\" ", "440 Pa. at 386-87, 269 A.2d at 504.", "\nHere again is reaffirmed those principles which have been previously recognized, but only in the context of a delay caused by a party.", "\nFurther, while an appellate court is rightfully careful to declare an abuse of discretion on the part of the lower court, were I to apply the above cited principles to these *372 circumstances I would hold that this entry of judgment of non pros was such an abuse.", "\nThe appellant here has, to my view, prosecuted his action well within any definition of reasonable time. ", "The failure lies not in the preparation and trial of his action, but in the lower court's failure to reach a decision based upon a matter tried to the conclusion of the evidence the parties presented. ", "When the transcript was filed on August 1, 1955, the next step was that of the court's and not of the parties.", "\nIn assessing the terms \"due diligence\", \"reasonable promptitude\" and \"no compelling reason for the delay\" it seems to me we lay an inequitable and drastic indictment against appellants that is completely unwarranted under these circumstances. ", "Indeed, in balancing these equities here present I am unable to support a denial of appellants' right to a decision on the merits of their claim. ", "To do so does constitute an abuse of discretion in the lower court. ", "I am cognizant of the situation in which Judge Davis found himself, nevertheless, even though specially assigned, the delay of the judicial district must be considered as a whole in reaching this conclusion.", "\nThe delay in this case is, as Judge Davis recognized, certainly the responsibility of the trial court itself. ", "The fact that both of the trial judges' successors were involved in this case offers proper and reasonable grounds to excuse either party for pressing a former attorney involved for a decision, for such a course of action would be unfair to that judge or to one of the parties. ", "And to ask for a specially assigned judge for such a reason poses some embarassment, and considerable expense, and certainly to impose the burden of such a procedure on appellants to the exclusion of all others in a matter already tried seems contrary to the concept of justice. ", "Indeed I believe it offers a compelling excuse for the delay and *373 does not rise to a failure of \"reasonable promptitude\" and \"due diligence.\"", "\nAs to prejudice to appellees, I am equally unimpressed. ", "Appellees were on notice that not only was this action for specific performance pending but were completely aware of all the evidence that would be used against them. ", "Such a pending action would place a purchaser of the property on guard and surely is notice to appellees that, pending disposition of the action, any improvements made were subject to the risk of loss of the property. ", "It is, therefore, proper to find, as I would, that any improvements were made subject to that risk and that appellees assumed that risk in so proceeding. ", "I regard the increase in the value of this property in the same light. ", "And not insignificant to this determination is appellees' rent free use of this property since 1952. ", "Therefore, I can find no prejudice to appellees.", "\nFor all of these reasons I would reverse the entry of judgment of non pros and remand this case to the lower court with directions to proceed, on the transcript of August 1, 1955, to a decree on the merits.", "\nWATKINS, President Judge, joins in this opinion.", "\nNOTES\n[1] The record printed on this appeal in a note to the Docket Entries explains that the judge had originally represented appellees. ", "Whether this is an official entry or a note added by appellants is not clear.", "\n[2] The opinion finds from $6,000.00 in 1952 to \"at least\" $15,000.00 in 1974.", "\n" ]

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[ "/**\n * \n * WARNING! ", "This file was autogenerated by: \n * _ _ _ _ __ __ \n * | | | | | | |\\ \\ / / \n * | | | | |_| | \\ V / \n * | | | | _ | / \\ \n * | |_| | | | |/ /^\\ \\ \n * \\___/\\_| |_/\\/ \\/ \n * \n * This file was autogenerated by UnrealHxGenerator using UHT definitions.", "\n * It only includes UPROPERTYs and UFUNCTIONs. ", "Do not modify it!", "\n * In order to add more definitions, create or edit a type with the same name/package, but with an `_Extra` suffix\n**/\npackage unreal;\n\n@:glueCppIncludes(\"Classes/Animation/AnimNodeSpaceConversions.h\")\n@:uextern @:ustruct extern class FAnimNode_ConvertComponentToLocalSpace extends unreal.", "FAnimNode_Base {\n @:uproperty public var ComponentPose : unreal.", "FComponentSpacePoseLink;\n \n}\n" ]

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[ "The family of Amy Winehouse has revealed toxicology reports showed there were \"no illegal substances\" in her body at the time of her death.", "\n\nThe 27-year-old singer was found dead at her north London home last month. ", "Her family said the reports showed alcohol was present in her body, but it is not yet known if it contributed to her death.", "\n\nWinehouse's father, Mitch Winehouse, had previously said she had \"conquered her drug dependency\" before she died.", "\n\n\"Toxicology results returned to the Winehouse family by authorities have confirmed that there were no illegal substances in Amy's system at the time of her death,\" the family said in a statement on Tuesday.", "\n\n\"Results indicate that alcohol was present, but it cannot be determined as yet if it played a role in her death.", "\n\n\"The family would like to thank the police and coroner for their continuing thorough investigations and for keeping them informed throughout the process. ", "They await the outcome of the inquest in October.\"", "\n\nWinehouse was discovered by her bodyguard at her Camden flat at around 4pm on Saturday 23 July.", "\n\nAn initial postmortem examination proved inconclusive, and an inquest was opened and adjourned with no cause of death given.", "\n\nAt her funeral on 27 July, Mitch Winehouse said she had recently \"completed three weeks of abstinence\", adding that she had told him: \"Dad, I've had enough of drinking, I can't stand the look on your and the family's faces any more.\"", "\n\nHe had announced that he would set up an Amy Winehouse Foundation in memory of the singer and was flooded with donations, only to have to put plans on hold last week after a \"dickhead\" beat the family to registering the website domain name.", "\n\nHe had hoped the foundation would be able to \"help all children in need\", but said he was having to return all donations.", "\n\n\"We all have to bombard the tabloids' websites to put pressure on this dickhead who stole our foundation name,\" he wrote on Twitter. \"", "This person was offering to sell [the] name on [a] website.\"", "\n\nAmy Winehouse had fought a well documented battle with drink and drugs. ", "In the month before she died, she was booed off stage in Belgrade on the first night of what had been billed as a 12-show comeback tour. ", "The dates were later cancelled.", "\n\nThe singer rose to fame in 2003 with the release of her debut album, Frank. ", "Her second and last album, Back to Black, was released in 2006, reaching No 1 in the UK.", "\n\nIn the week after her death, the album again topped the UK chart as fans mourned the singer." ]

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[ "Physical comparison Slim vs. original Fat PS3:\nThe shape is relatively unchanged. ", "We thought Sony shrunk it down by moving the PSU outside the body, like the Xbox 360, but no, it’s still the same. ", "There’s no power brick.", "\n\nIts power and eject touch buttons are changed to actual buttons (an improvement, I think), and the USB ports are shrunk down to 2. ", "Also gone are any of the card readers. ", "Because of the decreased size, the Slim is much less stable in vertical mode, which explains the $24 stand coming in September. ", "You also can’t twist the PS logo on the front to vertical orientation, like you could the PS3 fat. (", "more images at bottom)\n\nA good change is definitely the matted finish, but the decreased vents might mean that the slim is quieter and/or cooler. ", "We’ll see once we start playing some games on it.", "\n\nAudible comparison vs. original PS3:\nWe tested the two consoles with GT game. ", "While the fans were pretty much the same between the two consoles, the disc drive is noticeably slightly louder on the PS3 Slim. ", "Using a decibel-meter app on the iPhone, the Slim got somewhere between 25-33dB when playing the game, and the PS3 Fat got between 22-30dB. It’s not a huge difference, but you should remember that decibels are logarithmic, so every 3 decibels equals about double the loudness. ", "So if this thing is accurate—which it probably isn’t, since it’s just an iPhone app—that’s about twice as loud. ", "🙂\n\nNo Linux\n\nWhat’s even worse, you’ll no longer be able to install Linux on the Playstation 3 Slim.", "\n\n“The new PS3 system will focus on delivering games and other entertainment content, and users will not be able to install other operating systems to the new PS3 system,” Sony writes.", "\n\nSo if you’re into Linux on your PS3, you’d better buy a regular model while they’re still available – and you’d be lucky, because those, too have had their prices slashed to 299USD/299EUR. ", "On a happier note, at least we’ll no longer have to endure the nonsense of people arguing that the PS3 will be the shining beacon of hope for alternative operating systems.", "\n\nFirmware 3.0\n\nWhile some of the features are great, most notably the new ‘What’s New’ menus and updated friends list, we cant help but feel slightly disappointed with the update. ", "In most PS3 owner’s eyes, firmware update 3.0 was meant to be the big one, and we all thought that Sony would finally announce in-game voice chat across games.", "\n\nSadly though, it was never to be. ", "Yes we like animated themes and an updated trophy system, but its still not a huge update. ", "Maybe it’s just me being too greedy perhaps.", "\n\nThe most prevalent of the changes is a status bar in the top right of the screen, which shows your avatar, your user icon, what you are up to, and a mail icon, in case you have messages waiting.", "\n\nChanges will make the friends list more friendly, with messages from your friends now appearing in their respective profiles.", "\n\nThe games and video categories of the cross media bar will now feature shortcuts to the PlayStation Store, reflecting downloadable content and related items available.", "\n\nPremium themes, as seen in the video below, are animated themes that make your PS3 a bit more lively.", "\n\nThe most puzzling update, for me at least, is the new free and premium avatars, which will be showing up in your status bar. ", "What other uses will they have?", "\n\nFirmware 3.0 will be released on September 1st, according to Sony’s PS3 Slim press release.", "\n\nCheckout the video –\n\nBRAVIA Sync\n\nIt’ll also have a BRAVIA Sync feature that’ll allow you to control the PS3’s XMB with your Sony TV remote as long as they’re connected via HDMI. ", "And the TV will automatically turn off the PS3 when the TV goes off." ]

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[ "Technical Field of the Invention\nA self-tapping screw is known from EP 0 623 759 B1, in which the ratio which the major diameter bears to the minor diameter is approximately 1.25-1.5, the ratio which the major diameter bears to the pitch lead is approximately 1.5-1.6 and the flank angle of the thread is &lt;50.degree. ", "and &gt;35.degree..\nEP 0 433 484 B1 teaches a self-tapping screw, the thread of which is provided with cutting teeth of approximately bowed design, the central cutting edge being level with the crest of the thread and set negatively." ]

[ 0.0006971016991883516, 0.0007733594975434244 ]

[ "---\nabstract: 'In this paper, we investigate the downlink performance of dense cellular networks with elevated base stations (BSs) using a channel model that incorporates line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation in both small-scale and large-scale fading. ", "Modeling LOS fading with Nakagami-$m$ fading, we provide a unified framework based on stochastic geometry that encompasses both closest and strongest BS association. ", "Our study is particularized to two distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models of practical interest. ", "Considering the effect of LOS propagation alone, we derive closed-form expressions for the coverage probability with Nakagami-$m$ fading, showing that the performance for strongest BS association is the same as in the case of Rayleigh fading, whereas for closest BS association it monotonically increases with the shape parameter $m$. Then, focusing on the effect of elevated BSs, we show that network densification eventually leads to near-universal outage even for moderately low BS densities: in particular, the maximum area spectral efficiency is proportional to the inverse of the squared BS height.'", "\nauthor:\n- |\n Italo Atzeni, , Jesús Arnau, ,\\\n and Marios Kountouris, [^1] [^2]\nbibliography:\n- 'IEEEabrv.bib'\n- 'ref\\_Huawei.bib'\n---\n\nCoverage probability, elevated base stations, Nakagami-$m$ fading, performance analysis, stochastic geometry, ultra-dense networks, 5G.\n\nIntroduction {#sec:intro}\n============\n\nUltra-dense networks (UDNs), i.e., dense and massive deployments of small-cell base stations (BSs) with wired/wireless backhaul connectivity, are foreseen as a core element to realize the vision of 5th generation (5G) wireless systems. ", "UDNs are expected to achieve higher data rates and enhanced coverage by exploiting spatial reuse while retaining seamless connectivity and low energy consumption [@Bhu14; @Que13]. ", "Recent studies using stochastic geometry models have shown that the throughput grows linearly with the BS density in the absence of background noise and for closest BS association [@And11], i.e., when each user equipment (UE) is associated with the closest BS; similar results are reported in [@Dhi12] for strongest BS association, i.e., when each UE is associated with the BS with the highest signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). ", "Nevertheless, most prior performance analyses assume simple models–mostly for tractability reasons–in which *i)* BSs are located according to a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) and are placed at the same height as the UEs, and *ii)* the signal propagation is modeled using the standard single-slope pathloss and the Rayleigh distribution for the small-scale fading.", "\n\nIn parallel with UDNs coming to prominence, there has been a growing interest in devising increasingly realistic models for their system-level performance evaluation. ", "In this respect, [@Zha15] studies the impact of dual-slope pathloss on the performance of downlink UDNs and shows that both coverage and throughput strongly depend on the network density. ", "In [@Bai15], a stochastic geometry based framework for millimeter wave and pathloss with line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is proposed. ", "More comprehensive models can be found in [@Gal15; @Din16; @Gup16], where the pathloss exponent changes with a probability that depends on the distance between BSs and UEs. ", "Under such models, the throughput does not necessarily grow monotonically with the BS density due to the different scaling of desired signal and interference; this is further investigated in [@Din16b], where the effect of shutting down idle BSs is taken into account. ", "Moreover, coverage and rate scaling laws in UDNs using regular variation theory are derived in [@Ngu16]. ", "Lastly, [@DiR16] introduces an approximation that allows to obtain simpler expressions with the above mentioned models while incorporating blockage effects and non-isotropic antenna patterns.", "\n\nSeveral previous works effectively capture the effect of LOS propagation on the large-scale fading (i.e., the pathloss), although they do so by modeling the small-scale fading using the Rayleigh distribution. ", "This assumption is justified for NLOS propagation and is widely adopted mainly due to tractability. ", "However, when the BS density increases, assuming NLOS for the received signal may not be realistic, significantly altering the coverage and throughput performance; in fact, it is commonly accepted that LOS propagation is subject to Rician fading. ", "In addition to modifying the pathloss exponent according to a distance-dependent probability function, [@Arn16; @And16] consider varying the small-scale fading distribution as well. ", "Likewise, previous studies often neglect the possible difference in height between BSs and UEs, which implicitly sets a limit on how close UEs can be to their serving BSs regardless of the BS density. ", "The practically relevant case of elevated BSs has been recently incorporated into the discussion on network densification by our previous work [@Atz17a] and [@Din16a], appeared during the preparation of this manuscript, revealing that the elevation difference between BSs and UEs has a detrimental effect on the system performance.", "\n\nContributions {#sec:intro_contr}\n-------------\n\nThe overall contribution of this paper broadens prior studies on network densification by investigating the downlink performance of UDNs using a model that incorporates elevated BSs and dual-slope LOS/NLOS propagation effects in both small-scale and large-scale fading. ", "More specifically, the main contributions are as follows:\n\n- Modeling Rician fading by means of Nakagami-$m$ fading, we propose a general framework based on stochastic geometry that accommodates both closest and strongest BS association; as performance metrics, we consider the coverage probability and the area spectral efficiency (ASE). ", "In addition, we particularize our study to two practical distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models, i.e., the widely used 3GPP model and a newly proposed model with randomly placed buildings.", "\n\n- Considering the effect of LOS propagation alone, we derive closed-form expressions of the coverage probability with Nakagami-$m$ fading and provide useful asymptotic trends. ", "Interestingly, the coverage probability for strongest BS association is the same as in the case of Rayleigh fading, whereas for closest BS association it monotonically increases with the shape parameter $m$ until it converges to the value obtained for strongest BS association. ", "In general, the performance turns out to be dominated by the pathloss and is marginally affected by the small-scale fading.", "\n\n- Considering the effect of elevated BSs alone, we characterize the interference power and derive both closed-form (for closest BS association) and integral (for strongest BS association) expressions of the coverage probability and the optimal BS density. ", "In particular, we show that the maximum ASE is proportional to the inverse of the squared BS height. ", "Indeed, the BS height proves to be the most prominent factor in degrading the system performance, since it leads to near-universal outage regardless of the other parameters and even at moderately low BS densities.", "\n\nThe remainder of the paper is structured as follows. ", "Section \\[sec:SM\\] introduces the system model. ", "Section \\[sec:cov\\] provides expressions for the coverage probability using general distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models. ", "Section \\[sec:los\\] analyzes the effect of Nakagami-$m$ fading, whereas Section \\[sec:height\\] focuses on the impact of BS height. ", "In Section \\[sec:num\\], numerical results are reported to corroborate our theoretical findings and to quantify the individual and combined effect of each of the above factors. ", "Finally, Section \\[sec:concl\\] summarizes our contributions and draws some concluding remarks.", "\n\nSystem Model {#sec:SM}\n============\n\nNetwork Model {#sec:SM_net}\n-------------\n\nWe consider a dense downlink cellular network, in which the location distribution of the single-antenna BSs[^3] is modeled according to a marked PPP $\\widehat{\\Phi} \\triangleq \\{(x_{i}, g_{x_{i}})\\} \\subset \\Real^{2} \\times \\Real^{+}$. The underlying point process $\\Phi \\triangleq \\{ x_{i} \\} \\subset \\Real^{2}$ is a homogeneous PPP with density $\\lambda$, measured in \\[BSs/m$^{2}$\\], and the mark $g_{x_{i}} \\in \\Real^{+}$ represents the channel power fading gain from the BS located at $x_{i}$ to a randomly chosen downlink UE referred to as *typical UE*, which is located at the origin of the Euclidean plane. ", "In this setting, the employment of PPPs allows to capture the spatial randomness of real-world UDN deployments (often not fully coordinated) and, at the same time, obtain precise and tractable expressions for system-level performance metrics [@And11; @Hae12]; considering more involved random spatial models goes beyond the scope of this paper. ", "The UEs, also equipped with a single antenna, are distributed according to some independent and homogeneous point process $\\Phi_{\\mathrm{u}}$ (e.g., PPP) whose intensity $\\lambda_{\\mathrm{u}}$ is sufficiently larger than $\\lambda$ in order to ensure that each BS is active, i.e., it has at least one UE associated within its coverage. ", "The typical UE is associated with a *serving BS* following one of the BS association policies described in Section \\[sec:SM\\_SINR\\]; the remaining BSs are thus *interfering BSs*. ", "Lastly, we assume that all BSs are elevated at the same height $h \\geq 0$, measured in \\[m\\], whereas the typical UE is at the ground level; alternatively, $h$ can be interpreted as the elevation difference between BSs and UEs if the latter are all placed at the same height.", "\n\nChannel Model {#sec:SM_ch}\n-------------\n\nLet $r_{x} \\triangleq \\| x \\|$ denote the horizontal distance between $x$ and the typical UE, measured in \\[m\\]. ", "We consider a distance-dependent LOS probability function $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{x})$, i.e., the probability that a BS located at $x$ experiences LOS propagation depends on the distance $r_{x}$. Therefore, we use $\\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} \\triangleq \\{ x \\in \\Phi : x {\\rm \\ in \\ LOS} \\}$ and $\\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\triangleq \\Phi \\, \\backslash \\, \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$ to denote the subsets of BSs in LOS and in NLOS propagation conditions, respectively. ", "We remark that each BS is characterized by either LOS or NLOS propagation independently from the others and regardless of its operating mode as serving or interfering BS.", "\n\nThe propagation through the wireless channel is characterized as the combination of pathloss attenuation and small-scale fading. ", "For the former, we adopt the standard power-law pathloss model and define the pathloss functions $\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{x},h) \\triangleq (r_{x}^2 + h^2)^{-\\frac{\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}}{2}}$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$ and $\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r_{x},h) \\triangleq (r_{x}^2 + h^2)^{-\\frac{\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}}{2}}$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}$, with $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\geq \\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} > 2$. For the latter, we assume that the channel amplitudes are Nakagami-$m$ distributed for LOS propagation conditions and Rayleigh distributed for NLOS propagation conditions. ", "Observe that the commonly used Rician distribution is well approximated by the more tractable Nakagami-$m$ distribution with the shape parameter $m$ computed as $m \\triangleq (K+1)^{2}/(2K+1)$, where $K$ is the Rician $K$-factor representing the ratio between the powers of the direct and scattered paths.[^4] Hence, the channel power fading gain $g_{x}$ follows the Gamma distribution $\\Gamma \\big( m, \\frac{1}{m} \\big)$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$, with complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:ccdf_los} \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z) & \\triangleq 1 - \\frac{\\gamma(m, m z)}{\\Gamma(m)} = e^{-m z} \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\frac{(m z)^k}{k!}\\end{aligned}$$ where the last equality holds when the shape parameter $m$ is an integer; on the other hand, $g_{x}$ follows the exponential distribution $\\exp(1)$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}$ and its CCDF $\\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(z)$ can be obtained from $\\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z)$ in by simply setting $m=1$.\n\nSINR and BS Association {#sec:SM_SINR}\n-----------------------\n\nThe SINR when the typical UE is associated to the BS located at $x$ is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:SINR}\n{\\mathrm{SINR}}_{x} \\triangleq \\frac{g_{x} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{Q}}}}(r_{x},h)}{I + \\sigma^{2}}\\end{aligned}$$ where the sub-index $\\mathrm{Q}$ takes the form $\\mathrm{Q} = \\mathrm{LOS}$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$ and $\\mathrm{Q} = \\mathrm{NLOS}$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}$, $I$ is the aggregate interference power defined as $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:I}\nI \\triangleq \\sum_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} g_{y} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{y},h) + \\sum_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} g_{y} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r_{y},h)\\end{aligned}$$ and $\\sigma^{2}$ is the additive noise power. ", "For the sake of simplicity, we consider the interference-limited case, i.e., $I \\gg \\sigma^{2}$, and we thus focus on the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). ", "Our analysis can be extended with more involved calculations to the general case.", "\n\nIn this paper, we consider a unified framework that encompasses both closest [@And11] and strongest (i.e., highest SINR) [@Dhi12] BS association. ", "For this purpose, we introduce the following preliminary definitions [@Arn16]: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:phi} f_{r_{x}}(r) & \\triangleq \\left\\{\n\\begin{array}{ll}\n2 \\pi \\lambda e^{- \\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r, & \\quad \\textrm{closest BS} \\\\\n2 \\pi \\lambda r, & \\quad \\textrm{strongest BS}\n\\end{array} \\right. \\\\", "\n\\label{eq:nu} \\nu(r) & \\triangleq \\left\\{\n\\begin{array}{ll}\nr, & \\hspace{17.5mm} \\quad \\textrm{closest BS} \\\\\n0, & \\hspace{17.5mm} \\quad \\textrm{strongest BS}\n\\end{array} \\right.\\end{aligned}$$ where $f_{r_{x}}(r)$ in represents the probability density function (PDF) of the distance $r_{x}$ between the serving BS and the typical UE.", "\n\nCoverage Probability {#sec:cov}\n====================\n\nIn this section, we provide the general expression of the coverage probability when both serving and interfering BSs independently experience LOS or NLOS propagation conditions with respect to the typical UE depending on their distance from the latter. ", "The coverage probability is defined as the probability that the received SIR is larger than a target SIR threshold $\\theta$, i.e., ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}(\\theta) \\triangleq \\Pr [{\\mathrm{SIR}}_{x} > \\theta]$. The coverage probability allows to compute the achievable ASE, defined as ${\\mathrm{ASE}}(\\theta) \\triangleq \\lambda {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}(\\theta) \\log_{2} (1 + \\theta)$, measured in \\[bps/Hz/m$^{2}$\\].", "\n\nLet us use $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (s)$ and $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s)$ to denote the Laplace transforms of the interference when $p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)=1$ and $p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)=0$, $\\forall r \\in [0, \\infty)$, respectively, which correspond to the cases of LOS or NLOS interference: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I_los} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (s) & \\triangleq \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\nu(r)}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{(1 + \\frac{s}{m} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (t,h))^{m}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I_nlos} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s) & \\triangleq \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\nu(r)}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + s \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (t,h)} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg).\\end{aligned}$$\n\nGeneral LOS/NLOS Model {#sec:cov_general}\n----------------------\n\nWe begin by considering a general expression of $p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)$. In this setting, the coverage probability is formalized in the following theorem.", "\n\n\\[th:P\\_cov\\] [ The coverage probability is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:P_cov} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}(\\theta) \\! ", "= \\! ", "\\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\! ", "\\bigg( p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} & \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta / \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r,h)} \\! \\! \\! ", "+ \\big( 1 \\! - \\! ", "p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\big) \\setL_{I} \\bigg( \\frac{\\theta}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) \\bigg) f_{r_{x}}(r) \\diff r\\end{aligned}$$ where $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I} \\setL_{I} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s) \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\nu(r)}^{\\infty} p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(t) \\bigg( \\frac{1}{1 + s \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(t,h)} - \\frac{1}{(1 + \\frac{s}{m} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(t,h))^{m}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg)\\end{aligned}$$ is the Laplace transform of the interference $I$ in , with $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s)$ defined in .]{}", "\n\nSee Appendix \\[sec:A1\\_P\\_cov\\].", "\n\nThe result of Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\] is extended to the case of multi-antenna BSs in Appendix \\[sec:A1\\_MISO\\].", "\n\n[ Due to the contribution from the interfering BSs in LOS propagation conditions, we have that $\\setL_{I} (s) \\leq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s)$, with $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s)$ in . ", "This can be equivalently seen from the argument of the exponential function in , which is always negative since $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} > \\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$ and $m \\geq 1$. On the other hand, the possibility of LOS desired signal enhances the coverage probability in .]{}", "\n\n[ Observe that $\\setL_{I}(s)$ in reduces to $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(s)$ in if $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r)=1$, $\\forall r \\in [0, \\infty)$ (see Section \\[sec:los\\]) and to $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(s)$ in if $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r)=0$, $\\forall r \\in [0, \\infty)$.]{}\n\nSo far, it is not straightforward to get clear insights on how fading, pathloss, and BS height individually affect the network performance. ", "Hence, in Sections \\[sec:los\\] and \\[sec:height\\], we separately examine the effect of Nakagami-$m$ fading and BS height, respectively.", "\n\nLet ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(\\theta)$ (resp. ", "${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(\\theta)$) denote the coverage probability in presence of NLOS (resp. ", "LOS) propagation. ", "The following corollary provides the asymptotic trends of the coverage probability in .", "\n\n\\[cor:3gpp\\]\n\nAssume that the LOS probability function $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r)$ is monotonically decreasing with $r$. Then, the following hold:\n\n- $\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\lambda \\to 0} \\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}(\\theta) = \\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(\\theta)$;\n\n- $\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\lambda \\to \\infty} \\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}(\\theta) = \\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(\\theta)$.\n\n*(a)* Since the average distance between the typical UE and the $n$th nearest BS is proportional to $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\lambda}}$ [@Hae12 Ch.", " 2.9], when $\\lambda \\to 0$ we have $\\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} = \\emptyset$ almost surely. *(", "b)* Likewise, when $\\lambda \\to \\infty$, the serving BS is in LOS propagation conditions almost surely, whereas the interference is also dominated by BSs in LOS propagation conditions.", "\n\nThe derivatives of the Laplace transform of the interference arise in presence of multiple signal components as, e.g., when the received signal is subject to Nakagami-$m$ fading (as in above) or when multiple antennas are involved (as in [@Atz17; @Hun08]). ", "A useful upper bound for this type of expression is provided in the following proposition.[^5]\n\n\\[pro:Alzer\\] [ For any $\\setL_{X}(z) \\triangleq \\Exp_{X} \\big[ e^{-z X} \\big]$ and $N > 1$, the following inequality holds: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:Alzer} \\sum_{n=0}^{N - 1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(- s)^{n}}{n!} ", "\\frac{\\mathrm{d}^{n}}{\\mathrm{d} s^{n}} \\mathcal{L}_{X}(s) \\bigg]_{s = z} < \\sum_{n=1}^{N} (-1)^{n - 1} {{N}\\choose{n}} \\setL_{X} \\big( n \\big( \\Gamma(N + 1) \\big)^{- \\frac{1}{N}} z \\big).\\end{aligned}$$]{}\n\nThe upper bound is based on Alzer’s inequality; we refer to [@Atz17] for details.", "\n\nSo far we have assumed no particular expression for $p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)$. In Sections \\[sec:cov\\_3gpp\\] and \\[sec:cov\\_buildings\\], we introduce practical distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models that are special cases of the general case characterized in Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\] and that will be used in Section \\[sec:num\\] when obtaining numerical results.", "\n\n3GPP LOS/NLOS Model {#sec:cov_3gpp}\n-------------------\n\nA widely used distance-dependent LOS/NLOS model is the ITU-R UMi model [@UMi] (referred to as 3GPP LOS/NLOS model in the following), which is characterized by the LOS probability function $$\\label{eq:3gpp} p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) = \\min \\big( \\tfrac{18}{r}, 1 \\big) \\big( 1 - e^{-\\tfrac{r}{36}} \\big) + e^{-\\tfrac{r}{36}}.$$ Observe that, using , the propagation is always in LOS conditions for $r \\leq 18$ m. In practice, this implies that for BS densities above $\\lambda=10^{-2}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ and closest BS association, the probability of LOS coverage is very close to one and, as a consequence, some NLOS terms in – can be neglected.", "\n\nFollowing this line of thought, we propose a simplified model that can be used for analytical calculations and that is based on the LOS probability function $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:3gpp_simpl} p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) = \\left\\{\n\\begin{array}{ll}\n1, & r \\in [0, D) \\\\\n0, & r \\in [D, \\infty)\n\\end{array}\n\\right.\\end{aligned}$$ with $D$ being the critical distance below which all BSs are in LOS conditions. ", "The system performance resulting from with $D=18$ m in terms of coverage probability very accurately approximates that obtained with the original 3GPP LOS probability function , as shown by the numerical results in Section \\[sec:num\\]. ", "In this scenario, the coverage probabilities for closest and strongest BS association, given in the general form , simplify to $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\nonumber \\hspace{-2mm} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta) & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\bigg( \\int_{0}^{D} \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\widetilde{\\setL}_{I} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta / \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r,h)} e^{-\\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_3gpp_C} & \\phantom{=} \\ + \\int_{D}^{\\infty} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\bigg( \\frac{\\theta}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) e^{-\\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\bigg) \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_3gpp_S} \\hspace{-2mm} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta) & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\bigg( \\int_{0}^{D} \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\widetilde{\\setL}_{I} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta / \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r,h)} r \\diff r + \\int_{D}^{\\infty} \\widetilde{\\setL}_{I} \\bigg( \\frac{\\theta}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) r \\diff r \\bigg)\\end{aligned}$$ respectively, with $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(s)$ defined in and $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I_3gpp} \\widetilde{\\setL}_{I} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (s) \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\nu(r)}^{\\infty} \\bigg( \\frac{1}{1 + s \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(t,h)} - \\frac{1}{(1 + \\frac{s}{m} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(t,h))^{m}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg).\\end{aligned}$$ The coverage probabilities – can now be evaluated via numerical integration and differentiation, although the latter can be cumbersome in practice, especially for large values of $m$. Thus, to make numerical evaluation more efficient, one can use Proposition \\[pro:Alzer\\] to obtain tractable upper bounds with no derivatives.", "\n\nLOS/NLOS Model with Randomly Placed Buildings {#sec:cov_buildings}\n---------------------------------------------\n\nIn this section we propose a practical model for $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r)$ that takes into account the combined influence of the link distance and the BS height through the probability of the link being blocked by a building. ", "Other options exist in the literature: for instance, in [@And16a], the BS height, the link distance, and the pathloss exponent are related through the effect of the ground-reflected ray.", "\n\nGiven a BS located at $x$, we assume that buildings with fixed height $\\widetilde{h}$, measured in \\[m\\], are randomly placed between $x$ and the typical UE. ", "If the straight line between the elevated BS at $x$ and the typical UE does not cross any buildings, then the transmission occurs in LOS propagation conditions; alternatively, if at least one building cuts this straight line, then the transmission occurs in NLOS propagation conditions.[^6] A simplified example is illustrated in Figure \\[fig:buildings\\]. ", "Note that, in this context, the probability of $x$ being in LOS propagation conditions depends not only on the distance $r_{x}$, but also on the parameter $\\tau \\triangleq \\min \\big( \\frac{\\widetilde{h}}{h}, 1 \\big)$. More precisely, the LOS probability corresponds to the probability of having no buildings in the segment of length $\\tau r_{x}$ next to the typical UE.", "\n\nIf the location distribution of the buildings follows a one-dimensional PPP with density $\\widetilde{\\lambda}$, measured in \\[buildings/m\\], the LOS probability function is given by $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{x}, \\tau) = e^{-\\widetilde{\\lambda} \\tau r_{x}}$. Observe that $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{x}, \\tau) = 1$ (all links are in LOS propagation conditions) when $\\widetilde{\\lambda} = 0$ or $\\widetilde{h} = 0$, whereas $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{x}, \\tau) = 0$ (all links are in NLOS propagation conditions) when $\\widetilde{\\lambda} \\to \\infty$. In Section \\[sec:num\\], we will numerically illustrate the effect of different building densities and comment on the interplay between LOS/NLOS desired signal and interference.", "\n\n![", "LOS/NLOS model with buildings randomly placed between the BSs and the typical UE.[]{data-label=\"fig:buildings\"}](./img/buildings)\n\nThe Effect of LOS Fading {#sec:los}\n========================\n\nIn this section, we consider the effect of LOS propagation alone. ", "In doing so, we fix $p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r)=1$, $\\forall r \\in [0, \\infty)$ so that all signals from both serving and interfering BSs are subject to Nakagami-$m$ fading. ", "Furthermore, we consider a single pathloss exponent $\\alpha$ and we neglect the BS height by fixing $h=0$: under this setting, we have $\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (r,h) = \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (r,h) = r^{-\\alpha}$. Hence, the results derived in this section implicitly assume non-elevated BSs; in turn, we make the dependence on the shape parameter $m$ explicit in the resulting expressions of the Laplace transform of the interference and coverage probability.", "\n\nLet us introduce the following preliminary definitions: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:eta} \\eta (s,m,r) & \\triangleq {}_{2}F_{1} \\big( m, - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha}, 1 - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha}, -\\tfrac{s}{m r^{\\alpha}} \\big) \\\\\n\\label{eq:zeta} \\zeta (m) & \\triangleq - \\frac{\\Gamma \\big( m + \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big) \\Gamma \\big( - \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)}{\\alpha \\Gamma(m)}\\end{aligned}$$ with ${}_{2}F_{1}(a,b,c,z)$ denoting the Gauss hypergeometric function. ", "In addition, we introduce the notation $(z)_{k} \\triangleq \\frac{\\Gamma(z+k)}{\\Gamma(z)} = z (z+1) \\ldots (z+k-1)$.\n\n[ For LOS propagation conditions, the Laplace transforms of the interference for closest and strongest BS association are given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I_los_C} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (s,m) & \\triangleq \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\big( \\eta(s, m, r) - 1 \\big) \\big) \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I_los_S} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (s,m) & \\triangleq \\exp \\big( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\zeta(m) \\big( \\tfrac{s}{m} \\big)^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}} \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ respectively, with $\\eta (s, m, r)$ and $\\zeta (m)$ defined in –. ", "For NLOS propagation conditions, the Laplace transforms of the interference for closest and strongest BS association are given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I_nlos_C} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (s, 1) \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I_nlos_S} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (s, 1)\\end{aligned}$$ respectively, and the corresponding coverage probabilities can be written as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:P_cov_nlos_C} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta) & \\triangleq \\frac{1}{\\eta(\\theta,1,1)} \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_nlos_S} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta) & \\triangleq \\frac{1}{2 \\zeta(1) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}}\\end{aligned}$$ respectively.]{}", "\n\nThe Laplace transforms of the interference subject to Nakagami-$m$ fading are obtained by solving for closest and strongest BS association. ", "Furthermore, the coverage probabilities in presence of Rayleigh fading can be derived from [@And11; @Dhi12], respectively.", "\n\nLet $B_{k} \\big( z_{1}, z_{2}, \\ldots, z_{k} \\big) = \\sum_{j=1}^{k} B_{k,j} \\big( z_{1}, z_{2}, \\ldots, z_{k-j+1} \\big)$ denote the $k$th complete Bell polynomial, where $B_{k,j} \\big( z_{1}, z_{2}, \\ldots, z_{k-j+1} \\big)$ is the incomplete Bell polynomial. ", "The following theorem provides closed-form expressions of the coverage probabilities in presence of LOS propagation, i.e., with Nakagami-$m$ fading.", "\n\n\\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\]\n\nFor LOS propagation conditions, the coverage probability is given as follows.", "\n\n- For closest BS association, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\nonumber {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m) & \\triangleq \\frac{1}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)} \\\\\n \\label{eq:P_cov_los_C} & \\hspace{-5mm} \\times \\bigg( 1 + \\sum_{k=1}^{m-1} \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{j!}{k!} ", "B_{k,j} \\bigg( \\frac{\\psi_{1} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)}, \\frac{\\psi_{2} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)}, \\ldots, \\frac{\\psi_{k-j+1} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)} \\bigg) \\bigg)\\end{aligned}$$ with $\\eta (s, m, r)$ defined in and $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:psi} \\psi_{k} (\\theta, m) \\triangleq - \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{k} \\bigg( \\eta (m \\theta, m, 1) - \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{(m)_{k-j}}{\\big( 1 - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha}\\big)_{k-j}} \\theta^{k-j} (1 + \\theta)^{-m-k+j} \\bigg).\\end{aligned}$$\n\n- For strongest BS association, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:P_cov_los_S} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,m) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)\\end{aligned}$$ with ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ defined in .", "\n\nSee Appendix.", " \\[sec:A1\\_P\\_cov\\_los1\\].", "\n\n[ For strongest BS association, Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\]–*(b)* states that Nakagami-$m$ fading does not affect the coverage probability with respect to Rayleigh fading: this stems from the fact that, under LOS fading, the desired signal power grows with the shape parameter $m$ at the same rate as the interference power.]{}", "\n\nThe expression in Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\]–*(a)*, although in closed form, is quite involved: in this respect, Corollary \\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\] formally characterizes the trend of the coverage probability for LOS propagation conditions and closest BS association.", "\n\n\\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\]\n\nFor LOS propagation conditions and closest BS association, recalling the definition of ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ in , the following hold:\n\n- ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m+1) > {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m) > {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta)$, $\\forall m \\geq 1$;\n\n- $\\lim_{m \\to \\infty} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$.\n\nSee Appendix.", " \\[sec:A1\\_P\\_cov\\_los2\\].", "\n\n[ For closest BS association, Corollary \\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\] highlights the beneficial effect of Nakagami-$m$ fading on the coverage probability: this stems from the fact that, under LOS fading, the desired signal power grows at a higher rate than the interference power. ", "In addition, as the shape parameter $m$ increases, the performance with closest BS association converges that with strongest BS association.]{}", "\n\nThe Effect of BS Height {#sec:height}\n=======================\n\nWe now focus on the effect of BS height on the coverage probability. ", "In doing so, we set the shape parameter $m=1$ and, as in Section \\[sec:los\\], we consider a single pathloss exponent $\\alpha$, which yields $\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (r,h) = \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} (r,h) = (r+h)^{-\\frac{\\alpha}{2}}$. Hence, the results derived in this section implicitly assume that all signals from both serving and interfering BSs are subject to Rayleigh fading. ", "While the coverage probability for both closest and strongest BS association is independent on the BS density $\\lambda$ when $h=0$, as can be observed from – (see also [@And11] and [@Dhi12], respectively, for details), the impact of BS height becomes visible as $\\lambda$ increases [@Din16a]. ", "Therefore, we make the dependence on $\\lambda$ explicit in the resulting expressions of the coverage probability and the ASE.", "\n\nImpact on Interference {#sec:height_int}\n----------------------\n\nThe interference with elevated BSs is characterized here. ", "We begin by observing that $\\ell (r_{x}, h)$ yields a bounded pathloss model for any BS height $h > 0$, since BS $x$ cannot get closer than $h$ to the typical UE (this occurs when $r_{x} = 0$). ", "The following lemma expresses the Laplace transforms of the interference for a fixed BS height $h$.\n\n\\[lem:L\\_I\\_0\\] [For elevated BSs, the Laplace transforms of the interference for closest and strongest BS association can be written as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:L_I_0_C} \\setL_{I}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})}(s) \\exp \\bigg( 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{r}^{\\sqrt{r^{2}+h^{2}}} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + s t^{-\\alpha}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) \\\\\n& = \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda (r^{2} + h^{2}) \\big( \\eta \\big( s, 1, \\sqrt{r^{2} + h^{2}} \\big) - 1 \\big) \\big) \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I_0_S} \\setL_{I}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (s) & \\triangleq \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})}(s) \\exp \\bigg( 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{h} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + s t^{-\\alpha}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) \\\\\n& = \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big( \\eta(s, 1, h) - 1 \\big) \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ respectively, where $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})}(s)$ and $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})}(s)$ are the Laplace transforms of the interference with non-elevated BSs defined in –.]{}", "\n\nThe Laplace transforms of the interference and can be obtained from first by substituting $\\sqrt{t^{2} + h^{2}} \\to t_{h}$ and then by splitting the integration intervals in two parts; see also Appendix \\[sec:A2\\_height\\].", "\n\n[ From and , it is straightforward to see that the interference is reduced when $h>0$ with respect to when $h=0$, since the original Laplace transforms are multiplied by exponential terms with positive arguments.]{}", "\n\nFor strongest BS, we provide a further interesting result on the expected interference power. ", "Recall that, for strongest BS association and for $h=0$, the expected interference power is infinite [@Hae12 Ch.", " 5.1]. ", "Let $U(a,b,z) \\triangleq \\frac{1}{\\Gamma(a)} \\int_{0}^{\\infty} e^{-z t} t^{a - 1} (1 + t)^{b - a - 1} \\diff t$ denote Tricomi’s confluent hypergeometric function and let $E_{n}(z) \\triangleq \\int_{1}^{\\infty} e^{-z t} t^{-n} \\diff t$ be the exponential integral function. ", "A consequence of the bounded pathloss model is given in the following lemma, which characterizes the expected interference with elevated BSs for strongest BS association.", "\n\n\\[lem:int\\] [ For elevated BSs, the expected interference power for strongest BS association is finite and is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:int}\n\\Exp \\bigg[ \\sum_{y \\in \\Phi \\backslash \\{x\\}} g_{y} \\ell(r_{y},h) \\bigg] < \\sum_{i=1}^{\\infty} (\\pi \\lambda)^{i} h^{2 i - \\alpha} U \\big( i, i + 1 - \\tfrac{\\alpha}{2}, \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ where the expected interference power from the nearest interfering BS, whose location is denoted by $x_{1}$, corresponds to $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:int_nearest}\n\\Exp \\big[ g_{x_{1}} \\ell(r_{y_{1}},h) \\big] = \\pi \\lambda h^{2 - \\alpha} e^{\\pi \\lambda h^{2}} E_{\\frac{\\alpha}{2}}(\\pi \\lambda h^{2}).\\end{aligned}$$]{}\n\nSee Appendix \\[sec:A2\\_int\\].", "\n\nImpact on Coverage Probability and ASE {#sec:height_cov}\n--------------------------------------\n\nWe now focus on the effect of BS height on the coverage probability and on the ASE. ", "Theorem \\[th:height\\] provides the coverage probabilities for a fixed BS height $h$.\n\n\\[th:height\\]\n\nFor elevated BSs, recalling the definition of $\\eta(s, m, r)$ in , the coverage probability is given as follows.", "\n\n- For closest BS association, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:P_cov_C} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) & \\triangleq {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta) \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big( \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big) \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ where ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta)$ is the coverage probability with non-elevated BSs defined in .", "\n\n- For strongest BS association, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:P_cov_S} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) & \\triangleq 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{h}^{\\infty} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big( \\eta(\\theta r^{\\alpha}, 1, h) - 1 \\big) \\big) r \\diff r.\\end{aligned}$$\n\nSee Appendix \\[sec:A2\\_height\\].", "\n\nNotably, for closest BS association, a closed-form expression is available; therefore, Corollary \\[cor:lambda\\_opt\\] gives the optimal BS density in terms of achievable ASE.", "\n\n\\[cor:lambda\\_opt\\] [ For elevated BS and closest BS association, let ${\\mathrm{ASE}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}(\\theta, \\lambda) \\triangleq \\lambda {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) \\log_{2} (1 + \\theta)$ denote the achievable ASE. ", "Then, the optimal BS density is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:lambda_opt}\n\\lambda_{\\mathrm{opt}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} \\triangleq \\argmax_{\\lambda} {\\mathrm{ASE}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}(\\theta, \\lambda) = \\frac{1}{\\pi h^{2} \\big( \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big)}\\end{aligned}$$ and the maximum ASE corresponds to $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{ASE}}_{\\mathrm{max}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}(\\theta) \\triangleq {\\mathrm{ASE}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}(\\theta, \\lambda_{\\mathrm{opt}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}) = \\frac{e^{-1}}{\\pi h^{2} \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) \\big( \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big)}.\\end{aligned}$$]{}\n\nThe optimal BS density $\\lambda_{\\mathrm{opt}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}$ is simply obtained as the solution of $\\frac{\\diff}{\\diff \\lambda} \\lambda {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) = 0$.\n\nTheorem \\[th:height\\] unveils the detrimental effect of BS height on the system performance. ", "This degradation stems from the fact that the distance of the typical UE from its serving BS is more affected by the BS height than the distances from the interfering BSs and, therefore, desired signal power and interference power do not grow at the same rate as in the case with $h = 0$. The following corollary strengthens this claim by showing the asymptotic performance for both closest and strongest BS association.", "\n\n\\[cor:height\\_limits\\]\n\nFor elevated BSs, recalling the definitions of the coverage probabilities with non-elevated BSs ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta)$ and ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ in –, the following holds:\n\n- $\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\lambda \\to 0} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta)$;\n\n- $\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\lambda \\to 0} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$;\n\n- $\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\lambda \\to \\infty} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) = \\lim_{\\lambda \\to \\infty} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,\\lambda) = 0$.\n\nSee Appendix \\[sec:A2\\_limits\\].", "\n\n[ For a fixed BS height $h > 0$, the coverage probability monotonically decreases as the BS density $\\lambda$ increases, eventually leading to near-universal outage: as a consequence, the ASE also decays to zero as $\\lambda \\to \\infty$. On the other hand, the effect of BS height becomes negligible as $\\lambda \\to 0$.]{}\n\nIn practice, we will see in Section \\[sec:num\\] that the coverage probability and the ASE decay to zero even for moderately low BS densities (i.e., for $\\lambda \\simeq 10^{-2}$ BSs/m$^2$).", "\n\n\\[rem:lambda\\_opt\\] [ For a fixed BS density $\\lambda$, the coverage probability monotonically decreases as the BS height $h$ increases. ", "More specifically, from Corollary \\[cor:lambda\\_opt\\], we have that ${\\mathrm{ASE}}_{\\mathrm{max}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}(\\theta) \\propto \\frac{1}{h^{2}}$. Therefore, the optimal BS height is $h=0$.]{}\n\nWhen serving and interfering BSs are characterized by the same propagation conditions or, more generally, by the same distance-dependent LOS probability function (as the one described in Section \\[sec:cov\\_buildings\\]), the optimal BS height is always $h = 0$, which confirms the findings in [@Din16a]. ", "However, under a propagation model where the interfering BSs are always in NLOS propagation conditions and the serving BS can be either in LOS or NLOS propagation conditions, a non-zero optimal BS height is expected: in fact, in this case, there would be a tradeoff between pathloss (for which a low BS is desirable) and probability of LOS desired signal (for which a high BS is desirable).", "\n\nNumerical Results and Discussion {#sec:num}\n================================\n\nIn this section, we present numerical results to assess our theoretical findings. ", "In particular, we aim at answering the following general question: *what is the individual and combined effect of LOS/NLOS fading, LOS/NLOS pathloss, and BS height on the UE and network performance?*", "\n\nThe Effect of LOS Fading {#sec:num_1}\n------------------------\n\nWe begin by examining the distance-dependent 3GPP LOS/NLOS model presented in Section \\[sec:cov\\_3gpp\\]. ", "Considering a shape parameter $m=10$ (which corresponds to a Rician $K$-factor $K \\simeq 13$ dB), a single pathloss exponent $\\alpha = 4$, non-elevated BSs ($h=0$), and SIR threshold $\\theta = 0$ dB, Figure \\[fig:3gpp\\] illustrates the coverage probability based on the LOS probability function for closest and strongest BS association against the BS density $\\lambda$. The coverage probability based on the simplified LOS probability function with $D=18$ m and the corresponding upper bound, obtained by applying Proposition \\[pro:Alzer\\] followed by numerical integration, are also plotted. ", "In accordance with Corollary \\[cor:3gpp\\], the coverage probability corresponds to the NLOS case for low BS densities (i.e., $\\lambda \\leq 10^{-4}$ BSs/m$^{2}$) and to the LOS case for high BS densities (i.e., $\\lambda \\geq 10^{-2}$ BSs/m$^{2}$): in particular, these two cases coincide for strongest BS association, as stated in Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\]–*(b)*. ", "Furthermore, the upper bound is remarkably tight for low BS densities and, in general, tighter for closer BS association than for strongest BS association.", "\n\n![", "Coverage probability with the 3GPP LOS/NLOS model (cf. ", "Section \\[sec:cov\\_3gpp\\]), $m=10$, $\\alpha=4$, and non-elevated BSs against BS density $\\lambda$ for closest (left) and strongest (right) BS association.[]{data-label=\"fig:3gpp\"}](./img/Pcov_VS_lambda_3gpp_C \"fig:\") ![", "Coverage probability with the 3GPP LOS/NLOS model (cf. ", "Section \\[sec:cov\\_3gpp\\]), $m=10$, $\\alpha=4$, and non-elevated BSs against BS density $\\lambda$ for closest (left) and strongest (right) BS association.[]{data-label=\"fig:3gpp\"}](./img/Pcov_VS_lambda_3gpp_S \"fig:\")\n\nNow, let us consider the LOS setting of Section \\[sec:los\\], i.e., all signals from both serving and interfering BSs are subject to Nakagami-$m$ fading, with a single pathloss exponent $\\alpha = 4$, non-elevated BSs ($h=0$), and SIR threshold $\\theta = 0$ dB. Figure \\[fig:LOS\\] plots the coverage probability for closest and strongest BS association against the shape parameter of the Nakagami-$m$ fading. ", "Firstly, the analytical expressions derived in Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\] match the numerical curves exactly. ", "Secondly, in accordance with Corollary \\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\], the coverage probability for closest BS association increases with $m$ until it approaches the (constant) value of the coverage probability with strongest BS association: in particular, the two values are approximately the same already for $m=25$.\n\nThe Effect of BS Height {#sec:num_2}\n-----------------------\n\nHere, we focus on the effect of BS height alone and, as in Section \\[sec:height\\], we set the shape parameter $m=1$ and consider a single pathloss exponent $\\alpha = 4$ and SIR threshold $\\theta = 0$ dB. Figure \\[fig:height\\_Pcov\\] plots the coverage probability with elevated BSs for closest and strongest BS association against the BS density $\\lambda$; two BS heights are considered, i.e., $h=10$ m and $h=20$ m. First of all, the analytical expressions derived in Theorem \\[th:height\\] match the numerical curves exactly. ", "Interestingly, it is shown that the coverage probability decays to zero even for moderately low BS densities, i.e., at $\\lambda \\simeq 10^{-2}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ with $h=20$ m and at $\\lambda \\simeq 3 \\times 10^{-2}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ with $h=10$ m. For comparison, the coverage probabilities with $h=0$ m, i.e., ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta)$ and ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ in –, are also depicted. ", "In accordance with Corollary \\[cor:height\\_limits\\], the coverage probability with elevated BSs converges to that with $h=0$ as $\\lambda \\to 0$: this is already verified at $\\lambda \\simeq 10^{-5}$ BSs/m$^{2}$, when the BSs are so far away from the typical UE that the effect of BS height become negligible.", "\n\n![", "Coverage probability with Nakagami-$m$ fading (cf. ", "Section \\[sec:los\\]), $\\alpha=4$, and non-elevated BSs against shape parameter $m$.[]{data-label=\"fig:LOS\"}](./img/Pcov_VS_m)\n\nIn Figure \\[fig:height\\_ASE\\], we show the achievable ASE with elevated BSs for closest and strongest BS association against the BS density $\\lambda$; three BS heights are considered, i.e., $h=10$ m, $h=15$ m, and $h=20$ m. Here, the detrimental effect of BS height on the system performance appears even more evident. ", "As an example, considering closest BS association, the maximum ASE is $0.84 \\times 10^{-3}$ bps/Hz/m$^{2}$ for $h=10$ m and $0.21 \\times 10^{-3}$ bps/Hz/m$^{2}$ for $h=20$ m; likewise, considering strongest BS association, the maximum ASE is $1.04 \\times 10^{-3}$ bps/Hz/m$^{2}$ for $h=10$ m and $0.26 \\times 10^{-3}$ bps/Hz/m$^{2}$ for $h=20$ m. Hence, in accordance with Corollary \\[cor:lambda\\_opt\\], doubling the BS height reduces the maximum ASE by a factor of four (see also Remark \\[rem:lambda\\_opt\\]). ", "Furthermore, it is worth noting that the BS density that maximizes the ASE for closest BS association, (i.e., $\\lambda_{\\mathrm{opt}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})}$, which is derived in closed form in ) coincides with the optimal BS density for the case of strongest BS association: this corresponds to $\\lambda \\simeq 4 \\times 10^{-3}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ for $h=10$ m and to $\\lambda \\simeq 10^{-3}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ for $h=20$ m.\n\n![", "Achievable ASE with elevated BSs (cf. ", "Section \\[sec:height\\]), $m=1$, and $\\alpha=4$ against BS density $\\lambda$.[]{data-label=\"fig:height_ASE\"}](./img/Pcov_VS_lambda_h)\n\n![", "Achievable ASE with elevated BSs (cf. ", "Section \\[sec:height\\]), $m=1$, and $\\alpha=4$ against BS density $\\lambda$.[]{data-label=\"fig:height_ASE\"}](./img/ASE_VS_lambda_h)\n\nThe General Case {#sec:num_3}\n----------------\n\nLastly, we use the distance-dependent LOS/NLOS model with randomly placed buildings presented in Section \\[sec:cov\\_buildings\\] to analyze the combined effect of LOS/NLOS fading, LOS/NLOS pathloss, and BS height. ", "Considering pathloss exponents $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}=3$ and $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}=4$, elevated BSs with $h=20$ m, building height $\\widetilde{h}=10$ m, building densities $\\widetilde{\\lambda} = 10^{-4}$ buildings/m and $\\widetilde{\\lambda} = 10^{-1}$ buildings/m, and SIR threshold $\\theta = 0$ dB, Figure \\[fig:fig\\_B\\] illustrates the coverage probability and the achievable ASE for closest and strongest BS association against the BS density $\\lambda$; two shape parameters of the Nakagami-$m$ fading are considered, i.e., $m=1$ and $m=10$. Observing the curves in Figure \\[fig:fig\\_B\\], the detrimental effects on the system performance can be ranked in decreasing order of importance as follows:\n\n- The BS height is evidently the dominant effect, since it eventually leads to near-universal outage regardless of the other parameters and even for moderately low BS densities (cf. ", "Figures \\[fig:height\\_Pcov\\]–\\[fig:height\\_ASE\\]).", "\n\n- The LOS pathloss, which is determined by the building density, is the second most important effect: specifically, a high building density is beneficial in this setting since it creates nearly NLOS pathloss conditions, whereas a low building density leads to a nearly LOS scenario.", "\n\n- The LOS fading, also determined by the building density, has a minor impact as compared to the pathloss: in particular, for closest BS association, the coverage with $m=10$ is slightly improved at low BS densities and marginally deteriorated at high BS densities with respect to the case with $m=1$.\n\nMoreover, for $\\widetilde{\\lambda} = 10^{-1}$ buildings/m and strongest BS association, we observe a peak in the coverage probability around $\\lambda = 10^{-3}$ BSs/m$^{2}$ due to the choice of the parameters $h$ and $\\widetilde{h}$.\n\n![", "Coverage probability with the LOS/NLOS model with randomly placed buildings (c.f. ", "Section \\[sec:cov\\_buildings\\]), $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}=3$, $\\alpha_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}=4$, $h=20$ m, and $\\widetilde{h}=10$ m against BS density $\\lambda$ for $m=1$ (left) and $m=10$ (center); corresponding achievable ASE (right).[]{data-label=\"fig:fig_B\"}](./img/fig_B)\n\nConclusions {#sec:concl}\n===========\n\nIn this paper, we study the downlink performance of dense cellular networks with elevated BSs and LOS/NLOS small-scale and large-scale fading. ", "We introduce a stochastic geometry based framework that accommodates both closest and strongest BS association, dual-slope pathloss, and Nakagami-$m$ fading for the LOS small-scale fading. ", "First, we consider two special–yet practically relevant–cases of distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models, i.e., a 3GPP inspired model and a newly proposed model with randomly placed buildings. ", "Second, considering the effect of LOS propagation alone, we derive closed-form expressions of the coverage probability with Nakagami-$m$ fading. ", "Interestingly, the coverage probability for strongest BS association is the same as in the case of Rayleigh fading, whereas it monotonically increases with the shape parameter $m$ for closest BS association. ", "Lastly, we focus on the effect of elevated BSs and show that the maximum ASE is proportional to the inverse of the squared BS height. ", "Therefore, densifying the network leads to near-universal outage regardless of the other parameters and even at moderately low BS densities.", "\n\nFurther extensions to this framework may include incorporating spatial models with repulsion or minimum separation between BSs (such as Ginibre and Matern processes, respectively) and clustered point processes, as well as non-homogeneous UE distributions. ", "Other factors affecting the performance of real-world networks, such as shadow fading, antenna sectorization, and directional antennas can be also considered in future work.", "\n\nCoverage Probability {#sec:A1}\n====================\n\nProof of Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\] {#sec:A1_P_cov}\n------------------------------\n\nThe coverage probability is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}(\\theta) & = \\Pr \\bigg[ \\frac{g_{x} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{Q}}}}(r_{x},h)}{I} > \\theta \\bigg] \\\\\n& = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\Pr \\bigg[ g_{x} > \\frac{\\theta I}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{Q}}}}(r,h)} \\Big| r \\bigg] f_{r_{x}}(r) \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov1} & = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg( p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\Exp_{I} \\bigg[ \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} \\bigg( \\frac{\\theta I}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) \\bigg] + \\big( 1 - p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\big) \\Exp_{I} \\bigg[ \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\bigg( \\frac{\\theta I}{\\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) \\bigg] \\bigg) f_{r_{x}}(r) \\diff r\\end{aligned}$$ where derives from the fact that $\\mathrm{Q} = \\mathrm{LOS}$ with probability $p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)$ and $\\mathrm{Q} = \\mathrm{NLOS}$ with probability $1 - p_{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}(r)$; recall that $\\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z)$ is the CCDF of $g_{x}$ for LOS propagation conditions defined in , whereas the CCDF of $g_{x}$ for NLOS propagation conditions $\\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(z)$ can be obtained from $\\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z)$ by setting $m=1$. Then, the expression in readily follows from $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:E_los} \\Exp_{I} & \\big[ \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z I) \\big] = \\Exp_{I} \\bigg[ e^{-m z I} \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\frac{(m z)^k}{k!} ", "I^{k} \\bigg] = \\sum_{k=0}^{m - 1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I}(s) \\bigg]_{s = m z} \\\\\n\\label{eq:E_nlos} \\Exp_{I} & \\big[ \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(z I) \\big] = \\Exp_{I} [e^{-z I}] = \\setL_{I}(z).\\end{aligned}$$\n\nOn the other hand, the Laplace transform in is obtained as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\setL_{I} (s) & = \\Exp_{I} [e^{-s I}] \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I1} & = \\Exp_{\\Phi} \\bigg[ \\prod_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} \\Exp_{g_{y}} \\big[ \\exp \\big( - s g_{y} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{y},h) \\big) \\big] \\prod_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} \\Exp_{g_{y}} \\big[ \\exp \\big( - s g_{y} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r_{y},h) \\big) \\big] \\bigg] \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I2} & = \\Exp_{\\Phi} \\bigg[ \\prod_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} \\frac{1}{(1 + \\frac{s}{m} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r_{y},h))^{m}} \\prod_{y \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}} \\backslash \\{x\\}} \\frac{1}{1 + s \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r_{y},h)} \\bigg] \\\\\n\\label{eq:L_I3} & = \\exp \\bigg( \\! - ", "2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\nu(r)}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\frac{1}{(1 + \\frac{s}{m} \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(t,h))^{m}} - \\big( 1 - p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\big) \\frac{1}{1 + s \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(t,h)} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg)\\end{aligned}$$ where results from applying the moment generating function of the Gamma and exponential distributions to the first and second expectation terms in , respectively, and in we have used the probability generating functional of a PPP. ", "Finally, the expression in is obtained by including into , and this completes the proof.", "\n\nMulti-Antenna BSs {#sec:A1_MISO}\n-----------------\n\nSuppose that the BSs are equipped with $N_{\\mathrm{T}}$ transmit antennas and adopt maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming to serve their associated UEs. ", "If the serving BS is located at $x$, the channel power fading gain $g_{x}$ follows the Gamma distribution $\\Gamma \\big( N_{\\mathrm{T}} m, \\frac{1}{m} \\big)$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}$ and the chi-squared distribution $\\chi_{2 N_{\\mathrm{T}}}^{2}$ if $x \\in \\Phi_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}$, with CCDFs given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:ccdf_MISO} \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(z) = e^{-m z} \\sum_{k=0}^{N_{\\mathrm{T}} m-1} \\frac{(m z)^k}{k!}, ", "\\qquad \\bar{F}_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(z) = e^{- z} \\sum_{k=0}^{N_{\\mathrm{T}}-1} \\frac{z^k}{k!}\\end{aligned}$$ respectively. ", "On the other hand, the channel power gains from the interfering BSs are distributed as in Section \\[sec:SM\\_ch\\] or, equivalently as in with $N_{\\mathrm{T}} = 1$. Then, the coverage probability becomes $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\nonumber {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}(\\theta) = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg( p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) & \\sum_{k=0}^{N_{\\mathrm{T}} m-1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta / \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r,h)} \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_MISO} & + \\big( 1 - p_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}}(r) \\big) \\sum_{k=0}^{N_{\\mathrm{T}}-1} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I} (s) \\bigg]_{s = \\theta / \\ell_{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}}(r,h)} \\bigg) f_{r_{x}}(r) \\diff r\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\setL_{I} (s)$ is the Laplace transform of the interference defined in ; we refer to Appendix \\[sec:A1\\_P\\_cov\\] and [@Atz17 App.", " I-B] for details.", "\n\nProof of Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\] {#sec:A1_P_cov_los1}\n-----------------------------------\n\nThe proof is quite involved. ", "Building on , the coverage probability in presence of LOS propagation is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:P_cov_los} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (\\theta,m) & = \\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} f_{r_{x}}(r) \\diff r.\\end{aligned}$$\n\n*(a)* Let us focus on closest BS association and let us recall the definition of $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (s)$ in . ", "In addition, let us recall the property of the derivatives of the Gauss hypergeometric function, by which $\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff z^{k}} {}_{2}F_{1} (a,b,c,z) = \\frac{(a)_{k} (b)_{k}}{(c)_{k}} {}_{2}F_{1} (a+k,b+k,c+k,z)$; furthermore, when $c=b+1$, we build on [@Gra07 Eq.", " 9.137(11)] to obtain $\\frac{\\diff}{\\diff z} {}_{2}F_{1} (a,b,b+1,z) = \\frac{b}{z} \\big( (1-z)^{-a} - {}_{2}F_{1} (a,b,b+1,z) \\big)$, which allows us to write the $k$th derivative of $\\eta (s, m, r)$ in as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\eta (s, m, r) = (-s)^{-k} \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{k} \\bigg( \\eta (s, m, r) - \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{(m)_{k-j}}{\\big( 1 - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha}\\big)_{k-j}} \\big(\\tfrac{s}{m r^{\\alpha}} \\big)^{k-j} \\big( 1 + \\tfrac{s}{m r^{\\alpha}} \\big)^{-m-k+j} \\bigg).\\end{aligned}$$ For a given $k \\geq 1$, we can now derive the $k$th term of the summation in as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{eq:P_cov_nlos_C1} 2 \\pi & \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} e^{-\\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\\\\n& = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\eta (s,m,r) \\big) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\nonumber & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\eta (s,m,r) \\big) \\\\\n& \\phantom{=} \\ \\times \\! ", "B_{k} \\bigg( \\! - ", "\\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\frac{\\diff}{\\diff s} \\eta (s,m,r), - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\frac{\\diff^{2}}{\\diff s^{2}} \\eta (s,m,r), \\ldots, - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\eta (s,m,r) \\bigg) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} \\! ", "r \\diff r \\\\\n\\nonumber & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\frac{1}{k!} ", "\\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\eta (m \\theta, m, 1) \\big) \\\\\n& \\phantom{=} \\ \\times B_{k} \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\psi_{1} (\\theta,m), - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\psi_{2} (\\theta,m), \\ldots, - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\psi_{k} (\\theta,m) \\big) r \\diff r \\\\\n& = \\frac{1}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)} \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{j!}{k!} ", "B_{k,j} \\bigg( \\frac{\\psi_{1} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)}, \\frac{\\psi_{2} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)}, \\ldots, \\frac{\\psi_{k-j+1} (\\theta,m)}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)} \\bigg)\\end{aligned}$$ with $\\psi_{k}(\\theta,m)$ defined in . ", "Finally, since for $k=0$ is equal to $\\frac{1}{\\eta (m \\theta, m, 1)}$, we obtain ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m)$ in from .", "\n\n*(b)* Let us now consider strongest BS association and let us recall the definition of $\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (s)$ in . ", "Since $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} s^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}} = (-1)^{k} \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{k} s^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}-k}\\end{aligned}$$ for a given $k \\geq 1$, we can derive the $k$th term of the summation in as $$\\begin{aligned}\n2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} & \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (s) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\nonumber & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg[ \\frac{(-s)^{k}}{k!} ", "\\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (s) \\\\\n& \\phantom{=} \\ \\times B_{k} \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\frac{\\zeta(m)}{m^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\frac{\\diff}{\\diff s} s^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}, - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\frac{\\zeta(m)}{m^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\frac{\\diff^{2}}{\\diff s^{2}} s^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}, \\ldots, - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\frac{\\zeta(m)}{m^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\frac{\\diff^{k}}{\\diff s^{k}} s^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}} \\bigg) \\bigg]_{s = m \\theta r^{\\alpha}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\nonumber & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\frac{1}{k!} ", "\\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\setL_{I}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (m \\theta r^{\\alpha}) \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_nlos_S1} & \\phantom{=} \\ \\times B_{k} \\big( - 2 \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\phi_{1}(\\theta,m), - 2 \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\phi_{2}(\\theta,m), \\ldots, - 2 \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\phi_{k}(\\theta,m) \\big) r \\diff r \\\\\n& = \\frac{1}{2 \\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{j!}{k!} ", "B_{k,j} \\bigg( \\frac{\\phi_{1} (\\theta,m)}{\\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}}, \\frac{\\phi_{2} (\\theta,m)}{\\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}}, \\ldots, \\frac{\\phi_{k-j+1} (\\theta,m)}{\\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\bigg) \\\\\n& = \\frac{1}{2 \\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}} \\sum_{j=1}^{k} \\frac{j!}{k!} ", "B_{k,j} \\Big( - \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{1}, - \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{2}, \\ldots, - \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{k-j+1} \\Big) \\\\\n& = \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\frac{\\zeta(k)}{k \\zeta(m)} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)\\end{aligned}$$ where in we have introduced $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\phi_{k}(\\theta,m) \\triangleq - \\big( - \\tfrac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)_{k} \\zeta(m) \\theta^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha}}.\\end{aligned}$$ and with ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ defined in . ", "Finally, it is not difficult to show that $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \\frac{\\zeta(k)}{k \\zeta(m)} = \\frac{\\alpha}{2}\\end{aligned}$$ and we thus obtain ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,m) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ from .", "\n\nProof of Corollary \\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\] {#sec:A1_P_cov_los2}\n--------------------------------------\n\n*(a)* Building on [@Gra07 Eq.", " 9.137(2)], we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\eta(2 \\theta,2,1) = \\frac{\\big( 1 + \\frac{2}{\\alpha}) (1+\\theta) \\eta(\\theta,1,1) - \\frac{2}{\\alpha}}{1+\\theta}\\end{aligned}$$ which allows us to write $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,2) & = \\frac{1}{\\eta(2 \\theta,2,1)} \\bigg( 1 + \\frac{\\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big( \\eta(2 \\theta,2,1) + (1+\\theta)^{-2} \\big)}{\\eta(2 \\theta,2,1)} \\bigg) \\\\\n& = \\frac{\\big( 1 + \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big) (1+\\theta) \\big( \\big( 1 + \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big) (1+\\theta) \\eta(\\theta,1,1) - \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big) - \\frac{2}{\\alpha}}{\\big( \\big( 1 + \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big) (1+\\theta) \\eta(\\theta,1,1) - \\frac{2}{\\alpha} \\big)^{2}} \\\\\n& > {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta).\\end{aligned}$$ The same property can be used recursively to show that ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m+1) > {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m)$, $\\forall m \\geq 1$, with more involved calculations.", "\n\n*(b)* Building on Corollary \\[cor:P\\_cov\\_los\\]–*(a)*, and since ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m) \\leq {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}},({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,m)$, it follows that $\\lim_{m \\to \\infty} {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta,m) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,m)$, where ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{LOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta,m) = {\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{{\\textnormal{\\tiny{NLOS}}}, ({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta)$ (as derived in Theorem \\[th:P\\_cov\\_los\\]–*(b)*).", "\n\nThe Effect of BS Height {#sec:A2}\n=======================\n\nProof of Lemma \\[lem:int\\] {#sec:A2_int}\n--------------------------\n\nAssume that the points of $\\Phi$ are indexed such that their distances from the typical UE are in increasing order, i.e., $r_{x_{i}} \\leq r_{x_{i+1}}$, $\\forall i = 1, \\ldots, \\infty$. For strongest BS association, the expected interference power is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\hspace{-2mm} \\Exp \\bigg[ \\sum_{y \\in \\Phi \\backslash \\{x\\}} g_{y} \\ell(r_{y},h) \\bigg] & < \\Exp \\bigg[ \\sum_{x_{i} \\in \\Phi} g_{x_{i}} \\ell(r_{x_{i}},h) \\bigg] \\\\\n\\label{eq:int1} & = \\sum_{i=1}^{\\infty} \\Exp \\big[ g_{x_{i}} \\ell(r_{x_{i}},h) \\big] \\\\\n\\label{eq:int2} & = \\sum_{i=1}^{\\infty} \\Exp \\big[ \\ell(r_{x_{i}},h) \\big] \\\\\n\\label{eq:int3} & = \\sum_{i=1}^{\\infty} \\int_{0}^{\\infty} (r^{2} + h^{2})^{-\\frac{\\alpha}{2}} f_{r_{x_{i}}}(r) \\diff r\\end{aligned}$$ where follows from $\\Exp \\big[ g_{y} \\ell(r_{y},h) \\big] = \\Exp [g_{y}] \\Exp \\big[ \\ell(r_{y},h) \\big]$ with $\\Exp [g_{y}] = 1$ and where $f_{r_{x_{i}}}(r)$ in is the pdf of the distance between the typical UE and the $i$-th nearest BS [@Hae12 Ch.", " 2.9]: $$\\begin{aligned}\nf_{r_{x_{i}}}(r) \\triangleq e^{- \\pi \\lambda r^{2}} \\frac{2 (\\pi \\lambda r^{2})^{i}}{r \\Gamma(i)}.\\end{aligned}$$ Solving for generic $i$ and plugging the result into gives the expression on the right-hand side of . ", "On the other hand, solving for $i=1$ yields the expected interference power from the nearest interfering BS in . ", "Evidently, since the terms in the summation in are strictly decreasing with $i$ and the dominant interference term is finite, then the aggregate interference power is also finite.", "\n\nProof of Theorem \\[th:height\\] {#sec:A2_height}\n------------------------------\n\nConsider the pathloss function $\\ell(r_{x},h) = (r^{2} + h^{2})^{-\\frac{\\alpha}{2}}$ and recall the definition of $\\eta(s, m, r)$ in .", "\n\n*(a)* The coverage probability for closest BS association is derived as $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{r}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + \\theta \\frac{\\ell (t, h)}{\\ell (r, h)}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) e^{- \\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_C1} & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{\\sqrt{r^{2}+h^{2}}}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + \\theta (r^{2}+h^{2})^{\\frac{\\alpha}{2}} t_{h}^{-\\alpha}} \\bigg) t_{h} \\diff t_{h} \\bigg) e^{- \\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_C2} & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda (r^{2} + h^{2}) \\big( \\eta (\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big) \\big) e^{- \\pi \\lambda r^{2}} r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_C3} & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda r^{2} \\eta (\\theta, 1, 1) \\big) r \\diff r \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big( \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big) \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ where in we have substituted $\\sqrt{t^{2} + h^{2}} \\to t_{h}$ in the inner integral. ", "Finally, solving the integral in yields the expression of ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{C}})} (\\theta, \\lambda)$ in .", "\n\n*(b)* The coverage probability for strongest BS association is derived as $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + \\theta \\frac{\\ell (t, h)}{\\ell (r, h)}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_S1} & = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{h}^{\\infty} \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{h}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + \\theta r_{h}^{\\alpha} t_{h}^{-\\alpha}} \\bigg) t_{h} \\diff t_{h} \\bigg) r_{h} \\diff r_{h}\\end{aligned}$$ where in we have substituted $\\sqrt{t^{2} + h^{2}} \\to t_{h}$ in the inner integral and $\\sqrt{r^{2} + h^{2}} \\to r_{h}$ in the outer integral. ", "Finally, solving the inner integral in yields the expression of ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda)$ in .", "\n\nProof of Corollary \\[cor:height\\_limits\\] {#sec:A2_limits}\n-----------------------------------------\n\nFirst, *(a)* can be easily obtained from Theorem \\[th:height\\]–*(a)*. ", "Furthermore, *(b)* is a consequence of Lemma \\[lem:L\\_I\\_0\\]. ", "Lastly, *(c)* follows from $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda) & < 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\bigg( - 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{r}^{\\infty} \\bigg( 1 - \\frac{1}{1 + \\theta \\frac{\\ell (t, h)}{\\ell (r, h)}} \\bigg) t \\diff t \\bigg) r \\diff r \\\\\n& = 2 \\pi \\lambda \\int_{0}^{\\infty} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda (r^{2} + h^{2}) \\big( \\eta (\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big) \\big) r \\diff r \\\\\n\\label{eq:P_cov_S2} & = \\frac{1}{\\eta(\\theta,1,1) - 1} \\exp \\big( - \\pi \\lambda h^{2} \\big( \\eta(\\theta, 1, 1) - 1 \\big) \\big)\\end{aligned}$$ and, since decays to zero as $\\lambda \\to \\infty$, so does ${\\mathrm{P}_{\\mathrm{cov}}}^{({\\mathrm{S}})} (\\theta, \\lambda)$ (see Appendix \\[sec:A2\\_height\\] for details).", "\n\n[^1]: Parts of this work were presented at IEEE ICC 2016 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [@Arn16], and is submitted to SpaSWiN 2017 (WiOpt Workshops) in Paris, France [@Atz17a].", "\n\n[^2]: The authors are with the Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, France Research Center, Huawei Technologies France SASU, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France (email: {italo.atzeni, jesus.arnau, marios.kountouris}@huawei.com).", "\n\n[^3]: The case of multi-antenna BSs is considered in Appendix \\[sec:A1\\_MISO\\].", "\n\n[^4]: Note that, in order to use such formulation, the value of $m$ is rounded to the closest integer.", "\n\n[^5]: A lower bound with a similar expression can be also obtained; however, such bound is usually not sufficiently tight and it is thus not considered.", "\n\n[^6]: The cumulative effect of multiple obstacles is considered in [@Lee16].", "\n" ]

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[ "FROM ngraph_test_base\n\n# MXNet dependencies\nRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \\\n build-essential \\\n git \\\n libatlas-base-dev \\\n libopencv-dev && \\\n\tapt-get clean autoclean && apt-get autoremove -y\n\n# Required Python packages\nRUN easy_install -U pip\nRUN pip install numpy\n\n# Copy MXNet\nWORKDIR /root/ngraph-test\nADD contrib/docker/ngraph-mxnet /root/ngraph-mxnet\n\nWORKDIR /root/ngraph-mxnet/\n\n# Build MXNet core (C++)\nRUN cd /root/ngraph-mxnet && cp ./make/config.mk . && \\", "\n echo \"USE_BLAS=atlas\" >>config.mk && \\\n echo \"ADD_LDFLAGS += -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc\" >>config.mk && \\\n make -j$(nproc)\n\n# Install python package for MXNet\nRUN cd python && \\\n python setup.py install\n\n# Go into the ngraph directory\nWORKDIR /root/ngraph-test\n\n# necessary for tests/test_walkthrough.py which requires that ngraph is\n# importable from an entrypoint not local to ngraph.", "\nADD . ", "/root/ngraph-test\nRUN pip install -e .", "\n" ]

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[ "Rasen\n\nRasen may refer to:\n\n Rasen (novel) or Spiral, a 1995 Japanese novel by Koji Suzuki\n Rasen (film) or Spiral, a 1998 Japanese film based on the novel\n Rasen (TV series), a 1999 Japanese TV drama based on the novel" ]

[ 0.0006202437216416001 ]

[ "Walter Frith\n\nWalter Frith (29 July 1856, London – 25 July 1941, Putney) was a barrister, author, and drama critic.", "\n\nWalter Frith, a son of the famous painter William Powell Frith, was educated at Harrow and then at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1879, LL.B. 1879, and M.A. 1882. ", "He was admitted to Inner Temple on 25 January 1876 and called to the Bar on 9 June 1880. ", "He wrote fourteen plays and three novels.", "\n\nIn 1898 he married Maud Law, widow of Rev. W. Law. ", "One of Walter Frith's sisters was Jane Ellen Panton.", "\n\nNovels\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1856 births\nCategory:1941 deaths\nCategory:People educated at Harrow School\nCategory:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge\nCategory:English male dramatists and playwrights\nCategory:English male novelists" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIntegration tests across a 3-tier .NET solution\n\nI have a 3-tiered .NET solution.", "\n\nDatabase (SQL SERVER 2008)\nWeb Service (SOAP Service - *.asmx)\nWPF Client\n\nI am comfortably writing Unit Tests within (3) The Client.", "\nI am currently working on writing tests between (1)Database & (2)Service.", "\nMy question is, what are some useful ways to run integration tests across all 3 tiers. ", " I would like this to run locally in my Test Runner, as well as part of the integration test.", "\nPrimarily, I am stuck on how to have a transient (setup-teardown-able) (2) Web Service & (1) Database that can be tested with (3) Client code as part of a full integration test.", "\n\nA:\n\nDepending on your tooling this can be quite easy, but not very 'textbook'. ", "\nWe use: \n\nVS\nMicrosoft Test Manager\nSCVMM + Lab Management features of MTM\n\nIn our case (I'm an SDET in QA), our application takes roughly 30 minutes to install, and we have a similar architecture (DB, App Tier, Presentation Tier - web and applications). ", "Because a whole install/config would be intractable for testing, we have an installation/configuration test suite which is essentially OrderedUnitTests that will spin up a VM, confirm pre-reqs, install the product and configure everything.", "\nFrom there we have the test suites. ", "Some are targeted at the app tier (services) where it's a normal \"unit test\" (VS parlance, actual unit tests are part of the build and doesn't even go to QA unless they pass) that creates does whatever setup is necessay, calls the service(s) and asserts results - cleaning the DB changes in teardown as usual.", "\nFor the Presentation Tier we have webtests that will run or codedui tests that will start whatever app or site is under test, perform the actions, assert the results and then close everything back down to the desktop.", "\nIt's pretty straight-forward and works well. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Hyperreality\n\nHyperreality, in semiotics and postmodernism, is an inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced postmodern societies. ", "Hyperreality is seen as a condition in which what is real and what is fiction are seamlessly blended together so that there is no clear distinction between where one ends and the other begins. ", "It allows the co-mingling of physical reality with virtual reality (VR) and human intelligence with artificial intelligence (AI).", "\n\nIndividuals may find themselves, for different reasons, more in tune or involved with the hyperreal world and less with the physical real world. ", "Some famous theorists of hyperreality/hyperrealism include Jean Baudrillard, Albert Borgmann, Daniel J. Boorstin, Neil Postman and Umberto Eco.", "\n\nOrigins and usage\nThe postmodern semiotic concept of \"hyperreality\" was contentiously coined by French sociologist Jean Baudrillard in Simulacra and Simulation. ", "Baudrillard defined \"hyperreality\" as \"the generation by models of a real without origin or reality\"; hyperreality is a representation, a sign, without an original referent. ", "According to Baudrillard, the commodities in this theoretical state do not have use-value as defined by Karl Marx but can be understood as signs as defined by Ferdinand de Saussure. ", "He believes hyperreality goes further than confusing or blending the 'real' with the symbol which represents it; it involves creating a symbol or set of signifiers which represent something that does not actually exist, like Santa Claus. ", "Baudrillard borrows, from Jorge Luis Borges' \"On Exactitude in Science\" (already borrowed from Lewis Carroll), the example of a society whose cartographers create a map so detailed that it covers the very things it was designed to represent. ", "When the empire declines, the map fades into the landscape. ", " He says that, in such a case, neither the representation nor the real remains, just the hyperreal. ", "\n\nBaudrillard's idea of hyperreality was heavily influenced by phenomenology, semiotics, and Marshall McLuhan. ", "Baudrillard and Eco explained that it is \"the unlimited existence of \"hyperreal\" numbers or \"non-standard reals\", infinite and infinitesimal, that cluster about assumedly fixed or real numbers and factor through transference differentials.\" ", "Baudrillard, however, challenges McLuhan's famous statement that the 'medium is the message', by suggesting that information devours its own content. ", "He also suggested that there is a difference between the media and reality and what they represent. ", "Hyperreality is the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced societies. ", "However, Baudrillard's hyperreality theory goes a step further than McLuhan's medium theory: \"There is not only an implosion of the message in the medium, there is, in the same movement, the implosion of the medium itself in the real, the implosion of the medium and of the real in a sort of hyperreal nebula, in which even the definition and distinct action of the medium can no longer be determined\".", "\n\nAmerican author Micah Dunham explores the notion of hyperreality further by suggesting that the action of hyperreality is to desire reality and in the attempt to achieve that desire, to fabricate a false reality that is to be consumed as real. ", "Linked to contemporary western culture Umberto Eco and post-structuralists would argue, that in current cultures fundamental ideals are built on desire and particular sign-systems.", "\n\nSignificance \nHyperreality is significant as a paradigm to explain current cultural conditions. ", "Consumerism, because of its reliance on sign exchange value (e.g. brand X shows that one is fashionable, car Y indicates one's wealth), could be seen as a contributing factor in the creation of hyperreality or the hyperreal condition. ", "Hyperreality tricks consciousness into detaching from any real emotional engagement, instead opting for artificial simulation, and endless reproductions of fundamentally empty appearance. ", "Essentially (although Baudrillard himself may balk at the use of this word), fulfillment or happiness is found through simulation and imitation of a transient simulacrum of reality, rather than any interaction with any \"real\" reality.", "\n\nWhile hyperreality is not a relatively new concept, its effects are more relevant today than when it was first conceptualized. ", "This is attributed to the way it effectively captured the postmodern condition, particularly how people in the postmodern world seek stimulation by creating unreal worlds of spectacle and seduction and nothing more. ", " There are dangers to the use of hyperreality within our culture; individuals may observe and accept hyperreal images as role models when the images don't necessarily represent real physical people. ", "This can result in a desire to strive for an unobtainable ideal, or it may lead to a lack of unimpaired role models. ", "Daniel J. Boorstin cautions against confusing celebrity worship with hero worship, \"we come dangerously close to depriving ourselves of all real models. ", "We lose sight of the men and women who do not simply seem great because they are famous but who are famous because they are great\". ", "He bemoans the loss of old heroes like Moses, Ulysses S. Grant, Aeneas, Jesus, Julius Caesar, Muhammed, Joan of Arc, William Shakespeare, George Washington, Napoleon, and Abraham Lincoln, who did not have public relations (PR) agencies to construct hyperreal images of themselves. ", " The dangers of hyperreality are also facilitated by information technologies, which provide tools to dominant powers that seek to encourage it to drive consumption and materialism. ", "The danger in the pursuit of stimulation and seduction emerge not in the lack of meaning but, as Baudrillard maintained, \"we are gorged with meaning and it is killing us.\"", "\n\nHyperreality, some sources point out, may provide insights into the postmodern moment by analyzing how simulations disrupt the binary opposition between reality and illusion but it does not address or resolve the contradictions inherent in this tension.", "\n\nKey relational themes\nSimulation/Simulacra: \nThe concepts most fundamental to hyperreality are those of simulation and the simulacrum, first conceptualized by Jean Baudrillard in his book Simulacra and Simulation. ", " The two terms are separate entities with relational origin connections to Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality.", "\n\nSimulation\nSimulation is characterized by a blending of 'reality' and representation, where there is no clear indication of where the former stops and the latter begins. ", "Simulation is no longer that of a territory, a referential being, or a substance; \"It is the generation by models of a real without origin or reality: a hyperreal.\" ", "Baudrillard suggests that simulation no longer takes place in a physical realm; it takes place within a space not categorized by physical limits i.e., within ourselves, technological simulations, etc.", "\n\nSimulacrum\nThe simulacrum is often defined as a copy with no original, or as Gilles Deleuze (1990) describes it, \"the simulacrum is an image without resemblance\". ", " Baudrillard argues that a simulacrum is not a copy of the real, but becomes truth in its own right. ", "He created four steps of reproduction: (1) basic reflection of reality, (2) perversion of reality; (3) pretense of reality (where there is no model); and (4) simulacrum, which \"bears no relation to any reality whatsoever\".", "\n\nDefinitions \n \"A real without origin or reality\" – Jean Baudrillard\n \"The authentic fake.\" – ", "Umberto Eco\n\nQuotations \n\"Henceforth, it is the map that precedes the territory—precession of simulacra—it is the map that engenders the territory and if we were to revive the fable today, it would be the territory whose shreds are slowly rotting across the map.\" — ", "Jean Baudrillard, \"The Precession of Simulacra,\" Simulacra and Simulation\n\nExamples\n\nDisneyland \nBoth Umberto Eco and Jean Baudrillard refer to Disneyland as an example of hyperreality. ", "Eco believes that Disneyland with its settings such as Main Street and full sized houses has been created to look \"absolutely realistic\", taking visitors' imagination to a \"fantastic past\". ", "This false reality creates an illusion and makes it more desirable for people to buy this reality. ", "Disneyland works in a system that enables visitors to feel that technology and the created atmosphere \"can give us more reality than nature can\". ", "The \"fake nature\" of Disneyland satisfies our imagination and daydream fantasies in real life.", "The idea is that nothing in this world is real. ", "Nothing is original, but all are endless copies of reality. ", "Since we do not imagine the reality of simulations, both imagined and real are equally hyperreal, for example, the numerous simulated rides, including the submarine ride and the Mississippi boat tour. ", "When entering Disneyland, consumers form into lines to gain access to each attraction. ", "Then they are ordered by people with special uniforms to follow the rules, such as where to stand or where to sit. ", "If the consumers follow each rule correctly, they can enjoy \"the real thing\" and see things that are not available to them outside of Disneyland's doors.", "\n\nIn his work Simulacra and Simulation, Baudrillard argues the \"imaginary world\" of Disneyland magnetizes people inside and has been presented as \"imaginary\" to make people believe that all its surroundings are \"real\". ", "But he believes that the Los Angeles area is not real; thus it is hyperreal. ", "Disneyland is a set of apparatuses which tries to bring imagination and fiction to what is called \"real\". ", "This concerns the American values and way of life in a sense and \"concealing the fact that the real is no longer real, and thus of saving the reality principle.\"", "\n\"The Disneyland imaginary is neither true or false: it is a deterrence machine set up in order to rejuvenate in reverse the fiction of the real. ", "Whence the debility, the infantile degeneration of this imaginary. ", "It's meant to be an infantile world, in order to make us believe that the adults are elsewhere, in the \"real\" world, and to conceal the fact that real childishness is everywhere, particularly among those adults who go there to act the child in order to foster illusions of their real childishness.\"", "\n\nFilmography\nExistenz. ", "Dir. ", "David Cronenberg. ", "Jennifer Jason Leigh, Jude Law. ", "Miramax, 1999. ", "Film.", "\n The 2008 film Synecdoche, New York in which the life of the main character Caden Cotard is lived in the confines of a warehouse made to be the set of a play which is about his life, blurring all distinction between what is real and the simulation.", "\n\nOther examples \n\n Films in which characters and settings are either digitally enhanced or created entirely from CGI (e.g.: 300, where the entire film was shot in front of a blue/green screen, with all settings super-imposed).", "\n In A Clockwork Orange when Alex says, \"It's funny how the colors of the real world only seem really real when you viddy them on the screen\" when he undergoes Ludovico's Technique.", "\n A well manicured garden (nature as hyperreal).", "\n Any massively promoted versions of historical or present \"facts\" (e.g. \"General Ignorance\" from QI, where the questions have seemingly obvious answers, which are actually wrong).", "\n Professional sports athletes as super, invincible versions of human beings.", "\n Many world cities and places which did not evolve as functional places with some basis in reality, as if they were creatio ex nihilo (literally 'creation out of nothing'): Black Rock City; Disney World; Dubai; Celebration, Florida; and Las Vegas.", "\n TV and film in general (especially \"reality\" TV), due to its creation of a world of fantasy and its dependence that the viewer will engage with these fantasy worlds. ", "The current trend is to glamorize the mundane using histrionics.", "\n A retail store that looks completely stocked and perfect due to facing, creating an illusion of more merchandise than there actually is.", "\n A high end sex doll used as a simulacrum of an unattainable partner.", "\n A newly made building or item designed to look old, or to recreate or reproduce an older artifact, by simulating the feel of age or aging. ", "Such as Reborn Dolls. ", "\n Constructed languages (such as E-Prime) or \"reconstructed\" extinct dialects.", "\n Second Life: The distinction becomes blurred when it becomes the platform for RL (Real Life) courses and conferences, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings or leads to real world interactions behind the scenes.", "\n Weak virtual reality..\n The superfictional airline company Ingold Airlines.", "\n Works within the spectrum of the Vaporwave musical genre often encompass themes of hyperreality through parody of the information revolution.", "\nPlastic surgery: the constructed face that effaces the distinction between \"natural\" and \"artificial\" in the syntax of beauty.", "\n Airbrushed images of men and women. ", "For example, Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty.", "\nThe superfictional video game Petscop.", "\n\nSee also \n Allegory of the cave\n Authenticity (philosophy)\n Consensus reality\n Cyberspace\n Marx's theory of alienation\n Post-truth politics\n Simulated reality\n Solipsism\n Theme park\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\nJean Baudrillard, \"The Precession of Simulacra\", in Media and Cultural Studies : Keyworks, Durham & Kellner, eds. ", "\nD.M. Boje (1995), \"Stories of the storytelling organization: a postmodern analysis of Disney as 'Tamara-land'\", Academy of Management Journal, 38(4), pp.", " 997–1035.", "\nDaniel Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America (1992). ", "\nAlbert Borgmann, Crossing the Postmodern Divide (1992).", "\nGeorge Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society (2004). ", "\n Charles Arthur Willard Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy. ", "University of Chicago Press. ", "1996.", "\n Andreas Martin Lisewski (2006), \"The concept of strong and weak virtual reality\", Minds and Machines, 16(2), pp.", " 201–219.", "\n\nExternal links \nInternational Journal of Baudrillard Studies\nWhy Las Vegas is \"Hyperreal\" (PDF)(dead link)\nBaudrillard and Hyperreality; Simulacro y régimen de mortandad en el Sistema de los objetos (Disney World and Hyperreality) by Adolfo Vasquez Rocca\nReality/Hyperreality, The Chicago School of Media Theory\n\n Hyperreality\nCategory:Consensus reality\nCategory:Philosophy of technology\nCategory:Postmodern theory\nCategory:Reality by type" ]

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1-cancers-12-01316}\n===============\n\nDespite the extensive information and many previous studies on this topic, in some patients with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the disease progression occurs in an unpredictable manner. ", "It is obvious that a natural history of disease in a late follow-up period (more than 5 to 10 years) cannot be assessed only by clinical or patho-morphological features of the primary tumor \\[[@B1-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "At the present time, a simple EORTC's stratification based on tumor type or its grade failed to answer the question of the possible chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy efficacy, as well as to predict the progression of the disease in a late follow-up period \\[[@B2-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Nowadays, programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the most studied immune checkpoint molecule, which promotes immunosuppression by binding to PD-1 on T-cells in tumor immunity, and it already plays a crucial role in muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) treatment \\[[@B3-cancers-12-01316],[@B4-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "In NMIBC patients, its value remains unclear \\[[@B5-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the possible potential relationship between PD-L1 expression and Bacillus Calmette--Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy effectiveness, as well as the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in association with other molecular-genetic markers, such as basal and luminal NMIBC subtypes. ", "The two intrinsic subtypes of bladder cancer show different clinical behavior and responses to frontline chemotherapy \\[[@B2-cancers-12-01316],[@B6-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "In chemotherapy naive setting, NMIBC of the basal subtype was more aggressive, with shorter survival, when compared to luminal non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. ", "On the other hand, basal bladder cancer was more sensitive to particular chemotherapy, and the patients with this form of the disease have more benefits from frontline chemotherapy than luminal subtype \\[[@B6-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "The prognostic value of basal or luminal tumor types in association with PD-L1 expression in NMIBC patients has not been evaluated yet. ", "At the same time, some investigators reported that bladder cancer expressing high PD-L1 showed a poor prognosis \\[[@B7-cancers-12-01316],[@B8-cancers-12-01316],[@B9-cancers-12-01316]\\], but others suggested high PD-L1 level predicted the good prognosis \\[[@B10-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Thus, according to Kawahara et al. (", "2018), correlation between PD-L1 expression and the prognosis remains controversial \\[[@B11-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "The aim of this study was to assess how PD-L1 expression in tissue specimens of patients with main molecular subtypes of NMIBC (luminal, basal and double-negative p53-mutant) associates with relapsed-free survival in dependence on the tumor grade and prior treatment of primary bladder cancer.", "\n\n2. ", "Results {#sec2-cancers-12-01316}\n==========\n\nFour groups of patients were created, representing individual tumorigenic history as follows: primarily diagnosed urothelial carcinoma, first relapsed chemotherapy- and immunotherapy-naive non-muscular bladder cancer, and two groups of first relapsed tumors after either mitomycin or BCG intravesical treatment. ", "Each group includes tumors of main molecular subtypes, according to Dadhania et al. ", "\\[[@B2-cancers-12-01316]\\] signature, as follows: GATA3(+)/KRT5/6(−) (luminal molecular subtype), GATA3 (−)/KRT5/6(+) (basal molecular subtype) and GATA3(−)/KRT5/6(−) (double-negative p53- expressing molecular subtype) ([Appendix A](#app1-cancers-12-01316){ref-type=\"app\"}, [Figure A1](#cancers-12-01316-f0A1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In turn, every molecular subgroup was divided into high- and low-grade malignancies based on histological examination \\[[@B12-cancers-12-01316]\\] and World Health Organization (WHO) 2004/2016 classification \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01316]\\].", "\n\n2.1. ", "PD-L1 Expression in Primary and Relapsed Non-Invasive Urothelial Tumors {#sec2dot1-cancers-12-01316}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPrimary carcinomas expressed PD-L1 differently depending on the tumor molecular subtype and its grade ([Figure 1](#cancers-12-01316-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Primary luminal low-grade tumors' PD-L1 expression level was 19.6 ± 1.3%, while in more malignant tumors, it was 29.3 ± 1.3% (*p =* 0.001). ", "Expression level of firstly detected basal NMIBC of high-grade was 5.0 ± 0.6% and increased up to 8.4 ± 0.6% in the case of low-grade tumors. ", "Double-negative p53-mutant primary high-grade urothelial cancer was characterized by scantily PD-L1 expression (2.0 ± 0.4%), whereas tumors with low malignant potential had zero-Median PD-L1-expressing profile.", "\n\nIn relapsed tumors of patients left without any kind of intravesical chemo- and immunotherapy after transurethral resection of primary urothelial carcinoma, we observed unevenness of PD-L1 expression. ", "Luminal and basal highly malignant non-invasive carcinomas showed intensive membrane anti-PD-L1-staining occupied 26.7 ± 0.7% and 24.7 ± 0.6% of cells, respectively. ", "Low-grade NMIBC specimens of luminal molecular subtype were less positively stained than more malignant ones (14.8 ± 1.1%, *p* = 0.005). ", "Double-negative p-53 expressing relapsed tumors of both grades contained an equally low number of PD-L1-expressing cells (high-grade tumor---1.0 ± 0.5%; low-grade tumor---0.8 ± 0.2%).", "\n\nRecurrent tumors after previous transurethral resection and following intravesical instillation of mitomycin were generally characterized by low PD-L-1 expression. ", "In high- and low-malignant GATA3-expressing tumors, 9.8 ± 0.5% and 7.8 ± 0.7% of cells expressed PD-L1 (*p =* 0.06). ", "We observed differences in the molecular marker expression level between potentially more-malignant KRT5/6-expressing NMIBC (5.2 ± 0.7%) and a less-malignant one (0.8 ± 0.5%, *p* = 0.001). ", "Registration of positively stained cells in double-negative p53-mutant bladder cancer sections also revealed intergroup significance between high-grade (4.3 ± 0.7%) and low-grade (2.0 ± 0.4%, *p* = 0.005) tumors.", "\n\nAccording to our observation, frontline immunotherapy with BCG caused sufficient impact on PD-L1-expressing status of afterward relapses of bladder tumor. ", "Thus, both advanced and low-malignant luminal recurrent NMIBC showed a high marker expression rate (36.0 ± 2.0% and 24.1 ± 1.2%, respectively), though with intergroup differences (*p* = 0.005). ", "For basal molecular subtype of bladder cancer recurrence, PD-L1 expression profile of both high- and low-grade specimens was significantly low---21.0 ± 1.7% and 6.9 ± 1.0%, respectively (*p* = 0.001, intergroup comparison), whereas double-negative p53-mutant highly malignant relapsed tumors exhibited 40.8 ± 3.2% of positively-stained cells (*p* = 0.001, in comparison with the low-malignant subgroup, where only 16.8 ± 1.1% of tumor cells expressed PD-L1).", "\n\n2.2. ", "Intensity of Tumor-Associated Immune Cells' Infiltration in Primary and Relapsed NMIBC {#sec2dot2-cancers-12-01316}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAs it has been reported, tumor microenvironment is broadly involved in cancer development and progression \\[[@B14-cancers-12-01316],[@B15-cancers-12-01316],[@B16-cancers-12-01316],[@B17-cancers-12-01316],[@B18-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "In relation to the subject of our study, tumor-infiltrating immune cells in urothelial cancers can express PD-L1 exhibiting immune downregulation, which should be taken into consideration when assessing what kind of cells---malignant or stromal---expresses PD-L1. ", "Therefore, we assessed the level of T-suppressor population in each of the study groups ([Figure 2](#cancers-12-01316-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nIn primary bladder carcinoma CD8+ cells occupied 26.7 ± 1.4% of tumor area of high-grade luminal NMIBC and 16.8 ± 0.8% (*p =* 0.001) of tumor tissue with low malignant potential; basal molecular subtype of primary bladder cancers presented a low level of CD8+ expression, which was significantly higher in low-grade tumors (8.0 ± 0.8%) than in highly malignant tissues (5.3 ± 0.7%; *p =* 0.005). ", "Double-negative p53-expressing primary tumors of both grades were equally infiltrated by T-suppressor immune cells. ", "They occupied no more than 2.8 ± 0.4% of high-grade and 2.4 ± 0.4% of low-grade tumor area. ", "High-grade relapsed chemotherapy- and immunotherapy-naive tumors of both luminal and basal molecular subtypes were intensely infiltrated by immune CD8+ cells: T-suppressors occupied 24.9 ± 1.3% and 24.1 ± 1.0% of the tumor area, respectively, while CD8+ expression in low-grade tumors was 13.4 ± 1.2% for luminal subtype (*p =* 0.002 in comparison with high-grade GATA3-positive NMIBC) and 19.5 ± 1.3% for basal one. ", "Double-negative p53-mutant relapsed bladder carcinoma reproduced the same level of immune cells' tumor-related population as it was in luminal and basal NMIBCs, without intergroup differences between high- and low-grade subtypes.", "\n\nThe first relapse of NMIBC after intravesical mitomycin treatment was generally characterized by a low level of CD8+ expression and demonstrated no differences between carcinomas with high and low malignant potential. ", "On the contrary, recurrent tumors of patients treated with intravesical BCG broadly differed regarding both the neoplasm molecular subtype and malignant potential. ", "Thus, 26.8 ± 1.8% of cells of high-grade GATA3-positive relapsed bladder cancer expressed CD8+; in low-grade tumors, 21.7 ± 1.5% of cells represented stromal immune microenvironment. ", "KRT5/6-positive highly malignant urothelial carcinoma was infiltrated by immune cells at 17.1 ± 1.4% level, whereas in low-grade basal NMIBC, CD8+ cells occupied only 5.1 ± 0.8% of tumor area (*p =* 0.001). ", "Unlike all groups described above, 29.7 ± 1.2% of tumor area of high-grade double-negative p-53 mutant subtype of recurrent NMIBC was occupied by CD8+-expressing cells; more than twice lower T-suppressor population (12.3 ± 0.9%; *p =* 0.001 intergroup comparison) infiltrated relapsed double-negative p53-expressing bladder carcinoma with low malignant potential.", "\n\n2.3. ", "Mapping of PD-L1 Expressing Status of Relapsed NMIBCs {#sec2dot3-cancers-12-01316}\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nAs we have mentioned above, to assess tumor PD-L1 expression status correctly, it is crucial to determine whether neoplastic or stromal immune cells are positively stained with anty-PD-L1 antibody. ", "We estimated PD-L1 expression level for malignant and CD8+ immune cells in each study subgroup as per the antibody manufacturer's interpretation guide \\[[@B19-cancers-12-01316]\\], and we presented the results as a color-map ([Figure 3](#cancers-12-01316-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nAll primary low-grade and luminal high-grade tumors had Low PD-L1-expressing status, while in malignant basal and double-negative cancers, High PD-L1+ status was related to prevalent immune cells' membrane expression. ", "Tumor-associated microenvironment determined High PD-L1 status of GATA3-positive and KRT5/6-expressing bladder tumors detected as the first relapse after TUR without frontline intravesical instillations. ", "On the contrary, double-negative p53-mutant tumors of this group did not intensely react with anti-PD-L1 antibody. ", "In the mitomycin-utilized group of relapsed tumors, low-malignant basal and double-negative recurrent bladder carcinomas had Low PD-L1+ status. ", "Immune cells of luminal and more malignant types of basal and double-negative p53 mutant tumors were highly PD-L1-expressive. ", "Among the first recurrent tumors that emerged after previous BCG intravesical immunotherapy, high-grade luminal and double-negative bladder carcinomas reproduced High PD-L1+ status. ", "Notably, that expression level was determined in both stromal and neoplastic cells.", "\n\n2.4. ", "Association Between PD-L1 Expression and Relapse-Free Survival in Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy-Naive and Frontline Treated NMIBC of Main Molecular Subtypes with High and Low Malignant Potential {#sec2dot4-cancers-12-01316}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFor each molecular subtype of recurrent NMIBC, we evaluated the associations between the tumor grades and relapsed-free survival ([Figure 4](#cancers-12-01316-f004){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In the group of patients who had not utilized frontline treatment after TUR, the Kaplan--Meier plot showed that relapse time was lower for those with high-grade luminal NMIBC. ", "For the basal molecular subtype of bladder cancer, relapse time was lower for patients with low-grade urothelial carcinoma. ", "In the group of patients with a double-negative p53-expressing molecular subtype of NMIBC, relapse time was lower for those with high-grade tumors. ", "According to the long-rank test, there was significant evidence of a difference in relapse times in luminal and basal NMIBC for low- and high-grade tumors (*p* \\< 0.05).", "\n\nIn the group of patients that utilized intravesical mitomycin after TUR, the emerging time of high-grade luminal relapsed tumor was lower than the time to low-malignant urothelial cancer recurrence. ", "In the case of high-grade basal NMIBC, relapse-free survival was lower in comparison with low-grade tumors. ", "Survival time to double-negative p53 mutant NMIBC recurrence was not associated with the tumor grade. ", "According to long-rank test, there was significant evidence of a difference in relapse times in luminal and basal NMIBC for low- and high-grade relapsed carcinomas (*p* \\< 0.05).", "\n\nTUR followed by intravesical BCG instillations led to increase relapse-free time to recurrence of low-grade luminal and basal NMIBC with intergroup RFS significance between low- and high-grade relapsed tumors (*p* \\< 0.05, long-rank test). ", "For double-negative p53-expressing NMIBC, relapse time was the same for patients with high- and low-grade bladder malignancies.", "\n\nWith the assistance of univariate analysis, we found out that PD-L1 expression status was associated with relapse time of luminal NMIBC in the group of bladder cancer without previous frontline intervention, and it was also associated with RFS in the group of patients with luminal relapsed bladder cancer previously utilized frontline therapy by BCG instillations ([Table 1](#cancers-12-01316-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "At the same time, PD-L1 expression was not associated with RFS in the group of patients with first relapsed basal NMIBC that previously underwent only TUR (*p* = 0.053) and in the group of BCG-treated NMIBC with relapsed double-negative p53-expressing urothelial cancer (*p* = 0.5). ", "We did not find a link between PD-L1 expression status and RFS for patients with high- and low-grade NMIBC relapses of all molecular subtypes whose primary tumors were treated by intravesical mitomycin.", "\n\n3. ", "Discussion {#sec3-cancers-12-01316}\n=============\n\nDifferent studies have been initiated to explore difficult and ambiguous relationship among a broad range of biological, social, gender and other factors involved in development, progression and treatment response of non-muscular invasive bladder cancer \\[[@B1-cancers-12-01316],[@B2-cancers-12-01316],[@B4-cancers-12-01316],[@B5-cancers-12-01316],[@B6-cancers-12-01316],[@B7-cancers-12-01316],[@B8-cancers-12-01316],[@B9-cancers-12-01316],[@B10-cancers-12-01316],[@B11-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Tumor behavior is supposed to be a result of the neoplasia's nature, its molecular subtype and malignant potential, which in sophisticated combinations increase predictive uncertainty and leave practitioners without strong prognosticators. ", "The discovery of immune avoidance as a major mechanism of cancer growth and progression revolutionized therapeutic approaches in oncology \\[[@B20-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Programmed cell death receptor and its ligand 1 form a molecular axis, along which NMIBC, amid other tumors, breaks natural immune defense \\[[@B7-cancers-12-01316],[@B8-cancers-12-01316],[@B11-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Therefore, inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling might be a promising way to control the disease's aggressive behavior. ", "At the same time, molecular multiplicity of the tumor influences the surgical and therapeutical outcomes of anticancer interventions \\[[@B9-cancers-12-01316],[@B10-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Taking into consideration molecular and malignant diversity of primary and relapsed bladder cancer, the idea of our study was to analyze how PD-L1 expression associates with relapse-free survival of patients with recurrent GATA3 (+), KRT5/6 (+) and double-negative NMIBC regarding tumor grade and previous surgical and chemo-/immunotherapy settings.", "\n\nWe found out that first basal and luminal relapses of NMIBC display upregulation of PD-L1-expression (except low-grade basal mitomycin-treated NMIBC) regardless of the tumor grade and previous therapy. ", "On the contrary, high-grade double-negative p53-mutant recurrent NMIBC expressed PD-L1 differently in dependence on previously utilized treatment, whilst low-grade double negative bladder relapsed tumors were always PD-L1 low or negative. ", "Davick with co-authors previously reported upregulation of PD-L1 expression in high-grade urothelial carcinoma, but without association with overall survival in study groups \\[[@B20-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "The authors highlighted particularities of PD-L1 regulation largely in primary bladder tumors. ", "Earlier we documented the same PD-L1 expressing pattern in GATA3 (+), KRT (+) and p53-mutant human-derived xenograft tumors of urothelial origin \\[[@B21-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "It is utterly important to determine a nature of PD-L1 positivity for each molecular and malignant kind of relapsed urothelial carcinoma, because targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on the membrane of neoplastic cells and on CD8+ T-suppressor cells possesses powerful potency for effective disease control \\[[@B22-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "We observed that tumors of all groups were infiltrated by PD-L1-expressing CD8+ cells with prevalence of T-suppressor population (more than 10% of all cells) in chemotherapy- and immunotherapy-naive high- and low-grade relapsed luminal and basal NMIBC, and in high- and low-grade luminal and double-negative, high-grade basal relapsed urothelial carcinoma after previously utilized frontline immunotherapy by BCG. ", "A similar level of immune infiltrates in T1 high-grade tumors versus MIBC was reported by Wankowitz et al. ", "\\[[@B23-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "The researchers underlined that prevalence of immune cell PD-L1 positivity was characterized for non-invasive T1 urothelial cancer, whereas in muscular invasive bladder tumors, the authors detected a high number of positively stained neoplastic cells. ", "Similar observations were documented for ovarian and breast cancers, as well as melanoma \\[[@B18-cancers-12-01316],[@B24-cancers-12-01316],[@B25-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "In our study, we determined that PD-L1 expression in recurrent non-invasive bladder tumors was associated with not only tumor grade, but also with NMIBC molecular subtype and previously utilized frontline treatment.", "\n\nIt is widely known that frontline treatment of primary NMIBC influences clinical outcomes and relapse-free survival, in particular \\[[@B9-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Nevertheless, an association between previous treatment, molecular subtype of first relapsed NMIBC and its PD-L1 expression status remains unclear. ", "We found out that, in the group of patients that underwent only TUR without intravesical frontline therapy, there were significant differences in the time to relapse between high- and low-grade tumors in basal and luminal molecular subtypes. ", "Interestingly, for basal relapsed carcinoma, RFS was shorter in the case of less-malignant tumors. ", "Survival to relapses with high and low malignant potential did not differ in double-negative bladder cancer. ", "Only for luminal (GATA3-positive) relapses in this group time to relapse was associated with PD-L1 expression status. ", "Intravesical mitomycin therapy significantly prolonged the time to recurrence of low-grade luminal and basal bladder malignancies with no intergroup differences in double-negative NMIBC. ", "There was not any link between PD-L1 expression status and RFS for relapsed tumors in this group of patients. ", "TUR with subsequent intravesical instillation of BCG postponed an occurrence of low-grade luminal and basal relapsed NMIBC, with strong association between PD-L1 expression status and RFS of patients with luminal molecular subtype of NMIBC relapse.", "\n\n4. ", "Materials and Methods {#sec4-cancers-12-01316}\n========================\n\n4.1. ", "Study Design {#sec4dot1-cancers-12-01316}\n-----------------\n\nThe study design is summarized in [Figure A2](#cancers-12-01316-f0A2){ref-type=\"fig\"} ([Appendix B](#app2-cancers-12-01316){ref-type=\"app\"}). ", "The morphological diagnosis and tumor grades of all malignancies were evaluated by histological examination (HE) of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, according to the WHO classification guidelines. ", "After that, tumors were classified into CIS, Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4 \\[[@B12-cancers-12-01316],[@B13-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "We took chemo-/immunotherapeutic background from medical records for each case of relapsed bladder cancer. ", "Initially, for the purpose of differentiating basal, luminal and double-negative p53-mutant subtypes of primary NMIBC and relapsed tumor GATA3, KRT5/6 and p53 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. ", "Regarding the obtained diagnostic data, all cases were divided in twelve groups, as follows: luminal primary NMIBC, basal primary NMIBC, double-negative p53-mutant primary NMIBC; first relapsed luminal, basal and p53-mutant double-negative chemotherapy- and immunotherapy-naive NMIBC, first relapse of luminal, basal and p53-mutant double-negative tumors previously treated with intravesical mitomycin or BCG, with 20 cases in each group. ", "Taking into consideration a role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and reply to healing intervention, level of CD8+ immune cells was evaluated for each tumor sample. ", "After that, specimens of all groups underwent immunohistochemical testing for PD-L1 expression. ", "Finally, association between relapse-free survival and PD-L1 expression was estimated for high- and low-grade relapsed NMIBCs, according to previous treatment and molecular profile.", "\n\n4.2. ", "Ethic Statement {#sec4dot2-cancers-12-01316}\n--------------------\n\nResearch Protocol of this non-interventional study and patient's consent form were reviewed and approved independently by Ethic Committee of Sechenov University at the Committee Board meeting on September 16, 2019 (Approval No. ", "9; Rev. No 16/09-1-2019) and Scientific Board of Bio-Ethic Commission of National Research Medical Center of Radiology (Approval No. ", "12, 02 October 2019; Rev. No. ", "02/10-2019-E).", "\n\n4.3. ", "Data Sources and Study Population {#sec4dot3-cancers-12-01316}\n--------------------------------------\n\n### 4.3.1. ", "Sample Size and Study Population {#sec4dot3dot1-cancers-12-01316}\n\nTo date, the data of PD-L1 expression level in NMIBC are limited and controversial. ", "There are a few studies in which researchers evaluated PD-L1 expression in different NMIBC variants, using different diagnostic approach, clones of antibody and expression cutoff \\[[@B20-cancers-12-01316],[@B26-cancers-12-01316],[@B27-cancers-12-01316],[@B28-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "We calculated two variants of sample size estimation based on minimal and maximal quantity data, using the Chi-squared statistic (or z-test). ", "Due to the absence of exact data about PD-L1 expression in basal and luminal NMIBCs, we calculated the sample size based on data from general urothelial cancer population. ", "In the articles used as the basis for the calculation, some authors assessed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and the cutoff for PD-L1 positivity was ≥ 5%. ", "In one previous study, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells after BCG treatment became positive at 70%. ", "We were planning to assess the PD-L1 expression in both tumor and immune cells and used the 25% of PD-L1 positive cells as cutoff. ", "Considering the information listed above, we assumed that the sample size would be near to a mean value between these two calculations. ", "We used G\\*Power 3.1.9.4 for Mac OS X 10.7 (HHU, Dusseldorf, Germany) to estimate sample size for the study.", "\n\nAn informed consent for using tissue samples and disease-related information was voluntarily obtained from each study participant. ", "In total, 240 patients diagnosed with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer who underwent cystoscopy with biopsy and/or transurethral resection with appropriate 6-year follow-up period at Sechenov University and Russian National Research Medical Center of Radiology between 9 January 2014 and 30 December 2019 were enrolled in the study. ", "The index date for participants was their diagnosis date. [", "Table 2](#cancers-12-01316-t002){ref-type=\"table\"} displays most important disease-related characteristics of patients enrolled in the study. ", "All patients met the eligibility criteria listed below.", "\n\nThe inclusion criteria consisted of the following:Age \\> 18 years at the time of first diagnosis;Diagnosis of NMIBC;With available formalin-fixed tumor tissue sample for IHC testing.", "\n\nDetection of muscular-invasive bladder cancer as primary tumor and a patient's death before NMIBC relapse were exclusive criteria for the study.", "\n\nStudy population consisted of 140 males with average age of 59.6 ± 3.8 and 100 females aged 61.3 ± 2.9. ", "The majority of all primary and relapsed cases displayed T1 urothelial papillary carcinoma with low-grade (total number---176) and high-grade (total number---61) malignant potential, according to WHO 2004/2016 classification \\[[@B13-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "Three tumors, one of which from the group of primary-detected neoplasms and the other two from relapsed BCG-treated group, were diagnosed as high-grade monofocal primary CIS histologically presented by micropapillary carcinoma and squamous cancer. ", "Overall gender and grade-related intergroup patients' distribution was homogenous among primary, relapsed untreated and relapsed treated groups ([Table 2](#cancers-12-01316-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n### 4.3.2. ", "Data Sources {#sec4dot3dot2-cancers-12-01316}\n\nPrimary formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens (*n* = 240) were obtained from Tissue Banks of National Research Medical Center of Radiology and Institute of Urology of Sechenov University, between 2014 and 2019. ", "Tissue conditions met basic requirements for biological samples' preserving; this ensured equal diagnostic quality of all samples.", "\n\n4.4. ", "Immunohistochemistry {#sec4dot4-cancers-12-01316}\n-------------------------\n\nFor ICH, we used 4 µm thick histological sections of surgical or biopsy material of urothelial bladder cancer. ", "All tissue samples were fixed in a buffered 10% formalin solution for 6--72 h, dehydrated and saturated with paraffin, according to the standard protocol in tissue histological Spin vacuum processor (STP250-V, \"Histo-Line Laboratories Srl\", Italy) in automated regimen. ", "All paraffin-embedded blocks contained enough material to study protein expression by using both positive and negative controls.", "\n\nWe used monoclonal antibody against human GATA3 (HG3-31 clone, dilution, 1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), to evaluate transcription factor encoded by GATA3 gene expression and classify bladder cancer as belonging to luminal molecular subtype. ", "To select basal molecular subtype of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma, we stained the sections with monoclonal antibody against human KRT5/6 (D5/16B4 clone, 1:50 dilution, Dako, Denmark). ", "We used \\>80% cutoff for KRT5/6 cytoplasm staining with low/undetectable (\\<10%) GATA3 nuclear positivity to classify urothelial cancer into basal molecular subtype, and vice versa for luminal subtype of NMIBC \\[[@B29-cancers-12-01316],[@B30-cancers-12-01316]\\]. ", "To assess CD8+ immune cell population in tumor specimens, we counted positively stained cells, using anti-CD8 antibody (catalog No. ", "ab4055, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).", "\n\nTo determine the tumor samples' PD-L1-expressing status we operated with Ventana PD-L1 (SP263) Assay with the OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit (Cat. ", "No. ", "760--700/06396500001) and signal amplification (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA). ", "From each tumor sample, two sections were made for research and for negative control. ", "In the negative control, the section was stained according to the manufacturer's protocol, similarly to the main study; however, the VENTANA Rabbit Monoclonal Negative Control Ig (Cat. ", "No. ", "790--4795/06683380001) negative control reagent was used as a primary antibody. ", "We used tonsils tissue samples as a positive control in each reaction cycle. ", "To set up a reaction with the SP263 assay, after the dewaxing and unmasking antigens, rabbit monoclonal antibody PD-L1 (SP263) in working dilution was applied to the prepared tumor sections. ", "After incubation with the primary antibody or negative control reagent, the OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit with OptiView Amplification Kit was used. ", "The final step was hematoxylin staining. ", "All reaction steps were carried out in an automated mode on a VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA ICH stainer (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA), as per manufacturer's instructions. ", "At the first stage of the analysis, the staining of positive and negative cell lines and positive tissue control was evaluated. ", "Then, ICH reactions were evaluated for urothelial cancer samples. ", "The percentage of PD-L1-positive immune and tumor cells among the total number of cells was scored in five randomly PC-selected high-power fields (magnification, ×500), and percentages ≥ 25% of tumor cells (TC) and/or ≥ 25% of immune cells (if they (ICP) represented more than 1% of total cell population) with positively stained membranes (IC+) were classified as High PD-L1+ status. ", "The positive membrane staining rate was between 0% and 25% for TC or/and between 0% and 25% for IC+, if ICP ≥ 1% of all cell population was considered as Low PD-L1+ status. ", "Absence of membrane positive staining appropriated negative PD-L1 status.", "\n\n4.5. ", "Statistical Analysis {#sec4dot5-cancers-12-01316}\n-------------------------\n\nDescriptive statistics (Mean ± SD), median and frequencies summarized tumor laboratory characteristics for all enrolled subjects. ", "The following variables were analyzed: primary variable---relapse-free survival, and laboratory variables PD-L1 expression status, CD8+ expression status, grade of PD-L1 expression. ", "For statistical analysis SPSS (version 22.0, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) was used, and *p* \\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ", "To study the differences of PD-L1 expression (high or low expressing status) among the study groups, independent *t*-test was used. ", "The associations between PD-L1 expression and relapsed-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan--Meier method and assessed by using the log-rank test. ", "Potential confounders were adjusted by Cox regression models, with the PD-L1 fitted as indicator variables.", "\n\n5. ", "Conclusions {#sec5-cancers-12-01316}\n==============\n\nUltimately, our obtained results illuminate differences in relapse-free survival of patients with luminal, basal and double-negative NMIBC relapses of high- and low-malignant grade, regarding previously utilized treatment. ", "The association between PD-L1 expression status and time to relapsed luminal recurrent urothelial carcinoma of patients who had not received frontline therapy and those treated with BCG may be considered as a promising approach to further clinical implementation. ", "The role of other biological markers, such as miRs and FGFR3 gene expression, in relapsing of different molecular subtypes of NMIBC would be an interesting subject for our future study.", "\n\nWe are extremely grateful to Managing Boards of Sechenov University and Russian National Research Medical Center of Radiology for administrative support of the project. ", "We also thank technical and laboratory staff for devoted assistance.", "\n\nConceptualization, D.B., D.R. and E.B.; methodology, A.T., S.S., E.S. and E.K.; software, H.B., A.K. and O.D.; validation, A.T., D.P. and D.R.; formal analysis, H.B., D.M., O.D. and E.S.; investigation, D.B., D.M., D.P., M.D., N.P. and D.E.; resources, E.S., A.T. and S.S.; data curation, E.B., E.K., N.P. and D.E.; writing---D.R., M.D., A.K., O.D., N.P. and E.B.; writing---review and editing, D.B. and D.E.; visualization, A.T. and D.M.; supervision, E.B.; project administration, D.B.; funding acquisition, E.B. and D.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.", "\n\nThis study was supported by the Russian academic excellence project \"5-100\" for Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.", "\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.", "\n\nBCG\n\nBacillus Calmette--Guerin\n\nCIS\n\nCancer in situ\n\nEORTC\n\nEuropean Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\n\nGATA3\n\nTranscription factor encoded by GATA3 gene\n\nHE\n\nHistological examination\n\nIC+\n\nPositively anti-PD-L1-stained immune cells\n\nICP\n\nImmune cells population\n\nIHC\n\nImmunohistochemistry\n\nKRT5/6\n\nKeratin 5 and 6\n\nMIBC\n\nMuscular-invasive bladder cancer\n\nNMIBC\n\nNon-muscular invasive bladder cancer\n\nPD1\n\nProgrammed death receptor 1\n\nPD-L1\n\nProgrammed death receptor ligand 1\n\nRFS\n\nRelapse-free survival\n\nTCP\n\nTumor cells population\n\nTUR\n\nTransurethral resection\n\nWHO\n\nWorld Health Organization\n\n###### \n\nHistological and immunohistochemical characteristic of the study groups: (1) primary NMIBC; (2) first untreated relapse of bladder cancer; (3) first relapse of NMIBC after prior intravesical mitomycin treatment; (4) first relapse of NMIBC treated with intravesical BCG. (**", "A**) *Hematoxylin-eosin staining* specimens, ×500. (**", "B**) *IHC-staining* with anti-GATA3 antibody, ×500. (**", "C**) *IHC-staining* with anti-KRT5/6 antibody, ×500. (**", "D**) *IHC-staining* with anti-p53 antibody, ×500.", "\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g0A1a)\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g0A1b)\n\n{#cancers-12-01316-f0A2}\n\n###### \n\nPD-L1 expression in primary and recurrent NMIBC. ", "Boxplots show Medians of percentage of anti-PD-L1 positively stained cells in high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) primary (1), relapsed untreated (2), relapsed mitomycin-treated (3) and Bacillus Calmette--Guerin (BCG)-utilized (4) tumor specimens of luminal molecular subtype of bladder cancer (**A**); basal subtype of urothelial carcinoma (**B**) and double-negative (Do.", "Ne.) ", "p53-expressing NMIBC (**C**): *\\**---*p* \\< 0.05, intergroup comparison between HG and LG tumors of the same molecular subtype, independent *t*-test. ", "Microphotographs of anti-PD-L1-stained tumor sections, *IHC*, ×500.", "\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g001a)\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g001b)\n\n###### \n\nTumor-associated immune CD8+ cells infiltration in primary and relapsed NMIBCs. ", "Boxplots summarized primary data and Medians of CD8+ expression in high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) luminal (**A**), basal (**B**) and double-negative (Do.", "Ne.) ", "p53-expressing (**C**) primary (1), relapsed untreated tumors (2) and recurrent urothelial cancers of patients utilized intravesical mitomycin (3) and BCG (4): *\\**---*p* \\< 0.05, intergroup comparison between HG and LG tumors of the same molecular subtype, independent *t*-test. ", "Microphotographs display brown-colored nuclei of anti-CD8+ *IHC-*stained immune cells, ×500.", "\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g002a)\n\n![](", "cancers-12-01316-g002b)\n\n{#cancers-12-01316-f003}\n\n{#cancers-12-01316-f004}\n\ncancers-12-01316-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nUnivariate Cox regression analysis of association between PD-L1 expression status (High vs. Low) and relapse-free survival.", "\n\n Relapse Subgroups HR 95% CI *p*-Value\n ------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- ------------- ------------- -----------\n **First relapse, chemotherapy- and immunotherapy-naive settings** Luminal NMIBC 0.29 0.10--0.83 0.022\n Basal NMIBC 3.59 0.98--13.14 0.053 \n Double-negative NMIBC \\- \\- \\- \n **First relapse, mitomycin-treated settings** Luminal NMIBC \\- \\- \\-\n Basal NMIBC \\- \\- \\- \n Double-negative NMIBC \\- \\- \\- \n **First relapse, BCG-treated settings** Luminal NMIBC 0.04 0.006--0.37 0.004\n Basal NMIBC \\- \\- \\- \n Double-negative NMIBC 1.44 0.49--4.17 0.50 \n\ncancers-12-01316-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\nDisease-specific characteristics of patients, according to their distribution to the study groups.", "\n\n Study Group Tumor Stage, Grade, n Gender (n) Age, Mean ± SD Tumor Histology\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Primary tumors, *n* = 20 in each group \n Luminal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 8 M (3), F (5) 54.2 ± 4.1 Urothelial papillary carcinoma, micropapillary carcinoma\n T1, LG, *n* = 12 M (8), F (4) 57.6 ± 3.8 \n Basal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 6 M (3), F (3) 61.4 ± 5.3 \n T1, LG, *n* = 14 M (9), F (5) 60.2 ± 4.4 \n Double-negative CIS, HG, *n* = 1 M (0), F (1) 72 \n T1, HG, *n* = 7 M (4), F (3) 58.3 ± 2.9 \n T1, LG, *n* = 12 M (7), F (5) 55.9 ± 3.7 \n Total LG (41), HG (19) M (34), F (26) Average 57.7 ± 3.6 \n Immunotherapy/chemotherapy-naive relapsed tumors, *n* = 20 in each group \n Luminal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 9 M (6), F (3) 63.7 ± 4.1 Urothelial papillary carcinoma\n T1, LG, *n* = 11 M (8), F (3) 58.7 ± 4.6 \n Basal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 7 M (4), F (3) 64.3 ± 3.3 \n T1, LG, *n* = 13 M (8), F (5) 51.5 ± 4.5 \n Double-negative T1, HG, *n* = 5 M (3), F (2) 53.1 ± 5.4 \n T1, LG, *n* = 15 M (7), F (8) 54.6 ± 2.8 \n Total LG (39), HG (21) M (36), F (24) Average 55.4 ± 3.8 \n First relapse after prior intravesical Mitomycin treatment, *n* = 20 in each group \n Luminal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 8 M (4), F (4) 50.2 ± 3.2 Urothelial papillary carcinoma\n T1, LG, *n* = 12 M (7), F (5) 54.2 ± 2.7 \n Basal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 6 M (2), F (4) 64.0 ± 3.6 \n T1, LG, *n* = 14 M (11), F (3) 59.4 ± 3.5 \n Double-negative T1, HG, *n* = 9 M (3), F (6) 55.6 ± 4.8 \n T1, LG, *n* = 11 M (5), F (6) 54.7 ± 3.5 \n Total LG (37), HG (23) M (32), F (28) Average 56.4 ± 3.5 \n First relapse after prior intravesical BCG treatment, *n* = 20 in each group \n Luminal NMIBC CIS, HG, *n* = 2 M (2), F (0) 56; 67 Urothelial papillary carcinoma, micropapillary carcinoma, squamous cancer\n T1, HG, *n* = 7 M (4), F (3) 61.1 ± 3.2 \n T1, LG, *n* = 11 M (7), F (4) 58.9 ± 2.6 \n Basal NMIBC T1, HG, *n* = 3 M (2), F (1) 48.4 ± 4.5 \n T1, LG, *n* = 17 M (9), F (8) 53.2 ± 2.9 \n Double-negative T1, HG, *n* = 4 M (3), F (1) 55.9 ± 3.8 \n T1, LG, *n* = 16 M (9), F (7) 57.5 ± 3.0 \n Total LG (46), HG (14) M (36), F (24) Average 53.8 ± 3.4 \n\nM---male; F---female; LG---low grade; HG---high grade.", "\n" ]

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[ "One DVD copy of Finding Wilson before public release date, Signed 5X7 poster of Wilson, Personal note from the actor who plays Wilson, Thank you card, and name written in sharpie on at least one ball used in filming.", "\n\nLess" ]

[ 0.0005916054360568523, 0.0029788182582706213 ]

[ "WHITE PAPER:\nSenior managers who have balked at the cost and complexity of adopting technology such as business intelligence (BI) and performance management (PM) should consider IBM Cognos Express as a way to adopt these technologies while minimizing time to benefit, deployment costs, and support costs.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nCompanies should consider investments in time and attendance applications as a low-risk, low-cost way to reduce payroll costs and improve productivity. ", "Companies that already have time and attendance applications should consider maximizing the breadth of their deployment or extending it to other workforce-related functions.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nKronos Workforce Central enables companies to reduce payroll error, reduce human resources management time and cost, and increase employee productivity by providing a centralized system for managing all the facets of the employee lifecycle.", "The solution can also increase visibility into labor issues and costs for improved decision making.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nNucleus has found NetSuite customers are both satisfied and loyal, as NetSuite enables them to rapidly deploy ERP functionality that is integrated with other components without the cost and timeline of traditional on-premise systems.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nMicrosoft Visual Studio Team System enables companies to increase productivity in development environments and adopt cost-reducing strategies such as follow the sun. ", "Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate will give users more ways to achieve these improvements.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nCompanies that use IBM Cognos software are able to improve productivity, reduce or avoid headcount, reduce financing costs, and increase profitability. ", "These benefits are achieved because when employees can rapidly access and analyze data in consistent ways, they are better able to make business changes that both lower costs and increase revenues.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nSiemens supports solutions for service and sustainment in the aerospace and defense industries that enable companies to reduce service costs and time cycles while increasing profitability across the service life of products.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nSurety’s AbsoluteProof provides organizations with a means to ensure the veracity and integrity of electronic records, files, and other digital content over time, strengthening intellectual property protection while reducing risk.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nBusiness analytics is the means by which organizations can optimize business outcomes. ", "Using insights that can be accessed, shared and acted on by employees at every level, organizations can increase profits, reduce costs, manage risk and make more accurate predictions to prepare for future outcomes.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nThis White Paper explores how traditional approaches fall short, what the automated solution and its benefits look like, how the on-demand delivery model best represents the integrated stack necessary for automation, and how the automated, on-demand model brings the benefits of BI to a far broader audience than ever before.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nIn this white paper, IDC explores example case studies of IBM’s internal evolution to a social business as a means to guide other large organisations considering making a similar transition.", "\n\nWHITE PAPER:\nThe complexity of operational processes can be a significant obstacle to any effort for improvement through modeling and analysis. ", "Access this white paper for 3 principles that can be used to simplify management strategies and arrive at models that will provide you with a better understanding of your business.", "\n\nTechTarget provides enterprise IT professionals with the information they need to perform their jobs - from developing strategy, to making cost-effective IT purchase decisions and managing their organizations' IT projects - with its network of technology-specific Web sites, events and magazines" ]

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[ "Staffordshire school closure: GCSE students face repeating year Published duration 28 June 2019\n\nimage caption Lisa Butler says daughter Amelia is 'distraught' at the prospect of having to repeat a year\n\nScores of GCSE and A-level pupils face having to repeat an entire academic year after their school decided to fold midway through their course.", "\n\nAbbots Bromley School announced in March it would shut on 5 July unless a buyer could be found.", "\n\nThe fee-paying, mixed site in Staffordshire says it has a funding crisis, and a purchase is not forthcoming.", "\n\nAngry parents say it leaves students high and dry as exams loom.", "\n\nChildren in years 10 and 12 are halfway through their two-year GCSE and A-level programmes respectively, and look set to need new schools to complete their studies.", "\n\nAccording to parents, that is proving difficult as pupils are struggling to find local alternatives that offer courses with the same exam board.", "\n\nWithout a match to studies already under way, they say pupils will have to start over instead and repeat years 10 and 12.", "\n\nimage caption The school is set to close for good\n\nThe school, which has about 200 pupils aged three to 18, says it is assisting with transfers. ", "It is thought about 40 year 10 students are affected, with about 20 in year 12 facing similar uncertainty.", "\n\nParent Lisa Butler says her 14-year-old daughter is distraught.", "\n\n\"She in the first year of her GCSEs and if we can't find a like-for-like school, she will have to repeat or cram two years into one somewhere else, which is tremendous pressure and a real concern.", "\n\n\"It's very hard to be positive when you're in a situation you don't want to be in.\"", "\n\nimage caption A-Level pupil Katie Barrett says she feels like she has wasted a year\n\nThe Rugeley site is an independent boarding and day school, responsible for its own governance and finance under the umbrella of charity Woodard Corporation which owns dozens of schools and academies across England.", "\n\nThe school, which charges up to £15,800 a year for day students, says a potential overseas buyer's interest has cooled and there is no official offer to purchase.", "\n\nBut parents claim four overseas investors have contacted them via their campaign website to express an interest in buying the school and they have passed them on to the charity\n\nA-level student Katie Barrett says she is annoyed by her situation.", "\n\n\"This year feels like a bit of a waste because I'm now going to have to re-do it all and obviously different exam boards mean different techniques.\"", "\n\nHer father Stephen added: \"It's heartbreaking for her having to re-do the course again.\"", "\n\nA spokesperson for the school said losses were sustained over several years and it was short of \"working capital\", meaning it was unable to guarantee it would not run out of funds, resulting in sudden closure.", "\n\nTherefore, she added, the school had given notice from mid-March for \"orderly closure\"." ]

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[ "Weighing Physician Assistant Autonomy in Medical Practice\n\nWeighing Physician Assistant Autonomy in Medical Practice\n\nI have seen a significant evolution of the form and structure of physician/physician assistant teams in the 30-plus years that I have been a PA. ", "Depending on the level of experience and the agreements set between PAs and their physician partners, PAs can be practice medicine with near autonomy, or have less experience and need more guidance than others.", "\n\nFor the most part, PAs have been employees of physicians, group practices, and sometimes, institutions. ", "I have worked in each, yet my current position reflects the maturity and evolution of the PA profession in a way that follows the experience and example of our physician partners.", "\n\nMy California corporation is my sole employer, and the physician who is my practice partner is exactly that, my partner. ", "I don't feel that I work for him, but with him. ", "Being a surgical practice, we perform a lot of consults and surgeries each year. ", "I bill directly for the work that I do, just like him, and take the risks, just like him. ", "Doing emergency reconstructive surgery and taking calls for the ED, means that we perform a lot of surgery that never gets reimbursed along with the surgery we are compensated for.", "\n\nIt is difficult for PAs to be considered \"independent contractors\" under the current rules of the IRS, which is a complex issue and beyond the scope of this blog. ", "I came to the conclusion after consulting counsel and reviewing the laws and regulations, and found that I had to go a different route to achieve more control over my professional life and career.", "\n\nThe level of supervision required of PAs, and the associated state laws, have evolved dramatically since I began practice in 1982 in California. ", "It varies state-by-state, so it is important for physician / PA teams to know their local laws and requirements. ", "Over the years, my physician team partners and I have developed a high level of trust and experience with each other that allows me a higher level of autonomy in the practice of medicine than say a new graduate.", "\n\nPhysician supervision is a fundamental aspect of the PA profession, and in fact, something that all PAs embrace. ", "Yet the level of supervision is determined by state practice laws and by the practice itself.", "\n\nIt has been a difficult road at times because anytime you do something different in a traditional environment like the healthcare system, it presents challenges in that people in positions of authority don't know what to do with you or how to relate to you.", "\n\nThe other physicians with whom I work contract with my corporation for \"PA services.\" ", "I am considered a \"leased employee\" in the eyes of the law, and practices pay my corporation by the hour for my services. ", "This allows them to treat me like an independent contractor, thereby avoiding a lot of employer-side employee costs like payroll taxes and workers' compensation. ", "Physicians have been doing this for decades, and PAs are beginning to take advantage of these sorts of corporate structures in greater numbers, which I think is a win-win for everyone involved.", "\n\nI have definitely run into some challenges with large California managed care companies. ", "It took a long time to get a contract with one (even though they continued to pay my first assist services on a non-contract basis), and the argument they gave me went from: 1) we don't contract with non-physicians; to 2) how do we ensure that you are properly supervised as a PA?", "\n\nI had to repeatedly remind the companies that how a PA is supervised (a legal and regulatory issue), is unrelated to how a PA is employed and paid. ", "It took about a year. ", "I was persistent, and it was beneficial to work for a specialty surgeon who was their only source of plastic and reconstructive surgery in our community. ", "We became a \"package deal,\" and I was grateful for his support. ", "I became one of the first non-physicians to get a provider contract with their organization, and I'm sure now that others will follow as the healthcare system continues to evolve and mature in its recognition of PAs and other non-physician providers, incorporating and changing how they interface with the system.", "\n\nI have to say that my situation has been very positive in achieving more control over my destiny as a professional. ", "It has been also been positive, in my opinion, for the physicians with whom I practice, and has freed them from at least some of the hassles shared by employers in managing their human resources.", "\n\nPhysicians should be open to alternative relationships with PAs and others with whom they practice and everyone will benefit.", "\n\nAlready Registered? ", "Login Now:\n\nRegister Today - It's Free!", "\n\nPractice Notes is a space for commentary and news on practice management and healthcare policy. ", "Opinions expressed by guest bloggers are their own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Physicians Practice, its staff or editors, or that of its parent company, UBM Medica.", "\n\nTake Our Surveys\n\nTake a few minutes to share your thoughts on life at your medical practice. ", "You could win a $500 Visa gift card.", "\n\n• 2015 Fee Schedule Survey. ", "How does your reimbursement match up to the rates experienced by other practices? ", "Help us help you find out by taking our quick 2015 Fee Schedule Survey. ", "The survey runs through August 24, 2015. ", "No purchase is necessary. ", "Void where prohibited." ]

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[ "May 8, 2013\n\nImages In Textbooks May Hinder Learning In Children\n\nBar graphs can be an easy way to communicate a data set to a wide array of people. ", "Yet when educators are teaching children how to use these graphs, they may be doing more harm than good if they include any visuals inside of the graph itself. ", "For instance, a graph about butterflies with the corresponding amount of butterflies in the bars could train kids to read the graphs by the numbers of pictures and not the height of the bars.", "\n\nResearchers from Ohio State University (OSU) have conducted a study which found that when it comes to teaching these graphs to the earliest of students, it´s best to stick with the fundamentals rather than use graphics to capture the child´s attention. ", "The Ohio State researchers say it´s important for teachers to focus on the long term development of their students rather than the short term.", "\n\nWhen asked, every kindergarten and elementary teacher said they would use an image-laden graph rather than the simple option. ", "When students don´t properly learn how to read these kinds of charts when they are young, they could be at a disadvantage later in life.", "\n\n“Graphs with pictures may be more visually appealing and engaging to children than those without pictures. ", "However, engagement in the task does not guarantee that children are focusing their attention on the information and procedures they need to learn. ", "Instead, they may be focusing on superficial features,” said Jennifer Kaminski, co-author of the study and research scientist in psychology at OSU in a statement.", "\n\n“When designing instructional material, we need to consider children´s developing ability to focus their attention and make sure that the material helps them focus on the right things. ", "Any unnecessary visual information may distract children from the very procedures we want them to learn.”", "\n\nThis research involved 122 kindergarten, first grade and second grade students, each of whom were studied individually.", "\n\nFirst, the researchers taught these young students how to read a graph. ", "The graph in question displayed how many shoes were in the lost and found box at different times. ", "The students were then tested with three other bar graphs which relayed the same information. ", "Half of these students were taught with basic bar graphs which displayed only color. ", "The other half were trained using bar graphs with pictures of shoes in the corresponding bars.", "\n\nFor instance, if one bar in the graph read that there were three shoes in the lost and found, there would be three shoes in the graph.", "\n\nOnce the researchers taught the students how to read a bar graph, they were then tested on the opposite kind of bar graph which they were trained on. ", "Those students who learned on a solid color graph were given graphs with pictures, and vice versa. ", "There was one significant difference in this round of testing, however. ", "The number of pictures in the bar graphs did not correspond with the value the bar was meant to portray.", "\n\nKaminski and Sloutsky observed that those students who had been taught using the picture graphs were simply counting the pictures and not reading the graphs correctly. ", "When given an incorrect number of pictures in a graph, these students answered the questions incorrectly.", "\n\n“This allowed us to clearly identify which students learned the correct way to read a bar graph from those who simply counted the number of objects in each bar,” said Sloutsky in the statement.", "\n\nThis effect was even observed in bar graphs with patterns instead of pictures.", "\n\n“To our surprise, some children tried to count all the tiny polka dots or stripes in the bars. ", "They clearly didn´t learn the correct way to read the graphs,” said Kaminski.", "\n\nAll told, 75 percent of the students observed in this study read the second set of bar graphs correctly. ", "Alternatively, 90 percent of kindergartners who learned how to read bar graphs by counting failed the second round of testing. ", "An additional 72 percent of first-graders also read the graphs wrong and 30 percent of the second-graders answered this part of the study incorrectly.", "\n\n“When teaching children new math concepts, keeping material simple is very important,” Sloutsky said. “", "Any extraneous information we provide, even with the best of intentions, to make the lesson more interesting may actually hurt learning because it may be misinterpreted.”" ]

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[ "LruCache [](https://travis-ci.org/die-net/lrucache) [](https://coveralls.io/github/die-net/lrucache?branch=master)\n========\n\nLruCache is a thread-safe, in-memory [httpcache.", "Cache](https://github.com/gregjones/httpcache) implementation that evicts the least recently used entries when a byte size limit or optional max age would be exceeded.", "\n\nUsing the included [TwoTier](https://github.com/die-net/lrucache/tree/master/twotier) wrapper, it could also be used as a small and fast cache for popular objects, falling back to a larger and slower cache (such as [s3cache](https://github.com/sourcegraph/s3cache)) for less popular ones.", "\n\nAlso see the godoc API documentation for [LruCache](https://godoc.org/github.com/die-net/lrucache) or [TwoTier](https://godoc.org/github.com/die-net/lrucache/twotier).", "\n\nIncluded are a test suite with close to 100% test coverage and a parallel benchmark suite that shows individual Set, Get, and Delete operations take under 400ns to complete.", "\n\nLicense\n-------\n\nCopyright 2016 Aaron Hopkins and contributors\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. ", "You may obtain a copy of the License at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ", "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.", "\n" ]

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[ "A view from the Tigers booth as we head to the bottom of the ninth.", "\n\nSunday whine\n\nSince the Tigers lost on a walk-off homer last night, I’m not in the greatest mood this morning. ", "Perfect time to whine about life on the road. ", "People often ask what the best and worst parts of my job are. ", "I always answer with two words: the travel. ", "It is indeed the best and worst part of the job all rolled in one. ", "Being able to see other parts of the country that I might not otherwise have the opportunity to see is awesome. ", "However, it’s not always glamorous. ", "Here are some questions I have as my travels take me through the league.", "\n\nWhy is it that every cab I get into in Chicago in July and August has a broken air conditioner? ", "Always pleasant to take the ride to U.S. Cellular Field in a coat and tie with no air. ", "Also, feel free to put the radio on anything but NPR. ", "NPR is very educational, but I really don’t want to get any smarter as I watch my tie turn different shades of blue from the sweat rolling off my head. ", "On the topic of cabs, why is it that every cabbie in Boston cusses at me because the ride to Fenway is only a $6.00 fare. \"", "I thought you were going to the airport, I can’t make any money taking you to Fenway,\" they all say. ", "Here’s a hint slick, don’t park your cab in front of the team hotel. ", "Ninety percent of us want to go to the ballpark.", "\n\nWhy is it that every room service bill includes the food charge, tax, automatic 18% gratuity and an additional line to include a tip? ", "Isn’t that what the automatic gratuity is for? ", "Why am I tipping twice? ", "Just wondering. ", "Mmmm, that $30.00 burger and tap water was delicious.", "\n\nWhy is it that on mornings that I decide to skip my workout and sleep in, the hotel maid \"accidentally\" bangs her vacuum cleaner into my door five or six times. ", "I get it, you want me out of the room so you can clean it and go home. ", "Please go away.", "\n\nWhy is it that everyone pronounces my name \"Mary-oh\" in Canada?", "\n\nGotta go. ", "Placido is stepping in the box to lead off the game. ", "It’s a sunny day in Toronto and the roof is open. ", "The game always brings you back to reality. ", "This is the best job in the world, no matter how they pronounce your name.", "\n\n5 Comments\n\nHey Mario:\nI just wanted to say that I love your blog as well as your play by play. ", "I was the one at the game last night (Aug 15th…yeah, you know that one with the streakers) who yelled up at the booth after the game about your pic on the carousel. ", "Anyway, just wanted to let you know how much I (and many other) love your play by play and your writing…keep up the good word buddy! ", "😀\n\nMario…it’s been 13 days since your last post…I think it’s time for an update! ", "I check every day hoping for another funny yet random post with no avail…what do ya think? ", "Time for another post? ", "I think so…\n\nyeah, i love your blog and your play by play, as well as rod’s commentary. ", "also, since you don’t like your name being pronounced ‘mary-o’, i thought you might be interested that i doubt mr. ", "polanco likes his name pronounced PLA ci doh it should be pla CEE doh. ", "of course you might want to check with him on that. ", "in any case, maybe we can just get you to post again….from a tigers and mario/rod fan, regina\n\nMeta\n\nThe following are trademarks or service marks of Major League Baseball entities and may be used only with permission of Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. or the relevant Major League Baseball entity: Major League, Major League Baseball, MLB, the silhouetted batter logo, World Series, National League, American League, Division Series, League Championship Series, All-Star Game, and the names, nicknames, logos, uniform designs, color combinations, and slogans designating the Major League Baseball clubs and entities, and their respective mascots, events and exhibitions." ]

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[ "You are here\n\nHeart Healthy Living Guide\n\nHeart Healthy Living Guide\n\nThe Heart Healthy Living Guide was developed for people who have been diagnosed with heart disease, but the tools and information are useful for anyone. ", "Topics in this revised edition include: managing your risk factors, nutrition, physical activity, cardiac rehabilitation and managing your medications safely." ]

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[ "Evidence for a postsynaptic action of neostigmine on muscarinic receptors in the anococcygeus muscle of the rat.", "\nIn the rat anococcygeus muscle neostigmine induces atropine-sensitive, significant leftward displacements of the log concentration-response curves to both noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine. ", "Responses to high K+ were also potentiated by neostigmine. ", "However, high K+ elicited only small and irregular overflows of tritium from [3H]noradrenaline pre-incubated tissues, in contrast to the large overflow elicited by field stimulation. ", "In addition guanethidine blocked responses to field stimulation but not those to high K+. ", "This is consistent with the dose-related responses to high K+ being elicited postsynaptically. ", "These results indicate that postsynaptic muscarinic receptors are involved in the potentiation by neostigmine of rat anococcygeus muscle responses to field stimulation or exogenous agonists, possibly by an action on receptor operated ion channels. ", "Additional support for a postsynaptic site of action comes from the failure of neostigmine to potentiate tension responses to nerve or field stimulation in the chick expansor secundariorum, a muscle which is devoid of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors." ]

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[ "Neither of them is really one of these two players who buzz the electricity wherever they show up.......\n\nI was in Monte Carlo last year, where Novak was hugely popular, large crowds turning up for his practise sessions and quite a hussle from kids for his signature. ", "His capability of uttering at least some words in many languages certainly helps. ", "Murray on the other hand, did everything to piss off potential fans.", "\n\nIt is just that their tennis styles are not as uniquely opposed as Fedal's, to make a huge rivalry on the court.", "\n\nBut he lost 23 times against you.", "\n's right. ", "We have to also throw into the mix. ", "But I do not think it is currently the decisive factor. ", "But he has achieved in my opinion too much. ", "Maybe this is crucial if I move him even closer after major victories. ", "But 14 or 17 Grand Slam titles is a significant difference. ", "At the present time there is no question that he must be the greater player than me.", "\n\n__________________“There’s so many athletes, tennis players around the world,” he continued, trying to put his life into some kind of perspective, “they want to be the best in what they do. ", "They want to succeed. ", "Many of them, they don’t succeed in the end. ", "I’m fortunate to have this opportunity and succeed.”", "\n\nI was in Monte Carlo last year, where Novak was hugely popular, large crowds turning up for his practise sessions and quite a hussle from kids for his signature. ", "His capability of uttering at least some words in many languages certainly helps. ", "Murray on the other hand, did everything to piss off potential fans.", "\n\nIt is just that their tennis styles are not as uniquely opposed as Fedal's, to make a huge rivalry on the court.", "\n\nThat's true. ", "Nole is also hugely popular in China, Rome and Paris.", "\nNathaliia don't know the first thing about Novak.", "\n\nOh please, it's a thread about Nole and Andy, are you really going around the forum and copy/pasting 16>>>>x into every thread possible?", "\n\n__________________“There’s so many athletes, tennis players around the world,” he continued, trying to put his life into some kind of perspective, “they want to be the best in what they do. ", "They want to succeed. ", "Many of them, they don’t succeed in the end. ", "I’m fortunate to have this opportunity and succeed.”", "\n\nLocation: \"I think we are in rats alley,where the dead men lost their bones\"\n\nPosts: 2,730\n\nRe: Djokovic and Murray helping each other?", "\n\nNolAndy is turning into quite the love-in lately, with these latest quotes from Novak and only a couple of months ago we had this from Andy:\n\nOne opponent you’d rather not face at the WTF?", "\n\n\"Djokovic, because I’ve known him for a long time and we are good friends.\"", "\n\nIt's all very \" I love you, no I love you more....\"\n\nBtw @Vida What he said has no effect on his winning mentality.", "Of course he wants himself to win first and foremost and will do everything he can.", "He's not saying that should he play Andy he'll be like \"Go on, you win\".", "He's going to try and win GS's as much as anyone but if it goes wrong and he doesn't he's just simply saying that he has no animosity or pettiness towards Andy in that he'd be hoping that Andy better not win it now that he's knocked out or whatever.." ]

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[ "Shine Bright Episode 06 – Interval Training\n\nA few weeks ago, Helen talked about the benefits of strength training over cardio. ", "This week, she goes into more detail about interval training and shares practical advice that you can apply right away.", "\n\nHelen will also be taking part in the annual CN Tower Climb on April 16th and invites you to join her on Team HMF! ", "This is a great goal setting opportunity that can motivate you to do consistent interval training before the climb. ", "See you at the top!", "\n\nHelen Marie Fox is a health and performance coach who has helped hundreds of individuals and groups perform at their best. ", "Her strategic approach to goal achievement leaves people armed with the knowledge, skills and essential mindset required to create change. ", "Read more.", "\n\nFEATURED ARTICLES\n\nSEP\n\n16\n\nRISE Event\n\nCalling all people who are looking to create change in their lives and who are willing to take action to make it happen!", "\n\nAUG\n\n17\n\nRISE Challenge\n\nWe rise by lifting others... We challenge you to rise up by seeking out others who could benefit from attending the RISE event!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do I get an SP return value?", "\n\nI have done it before but just can't get it to work, I only want to do a select within my SP that returns whatever, then execute in the code-behind and then do whatever with the code returned.", "\nThe C# code\nprotected long getPassword(string EnteredPass) \n{\n var connectionString = ConfigurationManager.", "ConnectionStrings[\"GetConnector\"].ConnectionString;\n SqlConnection dbConnection = new SqlConnection();\n dbConnection.", "ConnectionString = connectionString;\n SqlCommand dbCommand = new SqlCommand(\"PL_User_Check\", dbConnection);\n dbCommand.", "CommandType = CommandType.", "StoredProcedure;\n\n SqlParameter abc = dbCommand.", "Parameters.", "Add(\"@User\", SqlDbType.", "VarChar);\n abc.", "Value = EnteredPass;\n dbCommand.", "Parameters.", "Add(\"@ReturnValue\", SqlDbType.", "Int, 4).Direction = ParameterDirection.", "ReturnValue;\n\n dbConnection.", "Open();\n\n dbCommand.", "ExecuteNonQuery();\n dbConnection.", "Close();\n object x = dbCommand.", "Parameters[\"\"].Value;\n return Convert.", "ToInt64(x);\n}\n\nStored procedure...\nALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[PL_User_Check]\n @User VARCHAR(50),\n @ReturnValue BIGINT OUTPUT\nAS\n\nDECLARE @pass BIGINT\n\n--Data\nSET @Pass = (SELECT Pass\n FROM dbo.", "UserPasswords\n WHERE [User] = @User)\n\nSET @ReturnValue = @Pass\n\nA:\n\nUse:\nParameterDirection.", "Output\n\ninstead of:\nParameterDirection.", "ReturnValue\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nVBA difference between declaring Public var and passing local var to subroutines\n\nThe problem is that I've declared all my variables as public and simultaneously I'm passing those to subroutines. ", "\nWhich solution is better and what are the differences?", "\nBR\nMichał\n\nA:\n\nThe difference:\n\nA public variable can be accessed from every module or routine within the workbook it has been declared in and can even be made accessible to other workbooks\nA local variable can only be accessed by the module it was declared in\n\nTry to avoid using public variables whereever you can. ", "They might seem like the easy way out but can cause alot of problems the longer the code gets, use up unnecessary memory space and make the code structure quite confusing.", "\nPassing values to a subfunction or -routine is usually the more elegant way and good coding practise.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a metal material having a photocatalytic activity and a method of manufacturing the metal material, and more particularly, to a metal material containing titanium having a high photocatalytic activity on the surface thereof and having excellent designing properties and a method of manufacturing the metal material.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIt has been known that an n-type semiconductor such as titanium oxide exhibits a photocatalytic function with light having a specific wavelength and that this n-type semiconductor has deodorizing and antifungal functions due to its strong oxidizing function.", "\nConventionally, as photocatalysts having a semiconductor function, there have been used titanium oxide, iron oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, etc. ", "or these oxides bearing a metal such as platinum for the purpose of improving their catalytic functions. ", "Further, in order to utilize the deodorizing and antifungal functions of these materials, these materials are divided into fine particles and a fixed layer is formed on the surface of the fine particles or the fine particles are dispersed into an object material to be processed.", "\nAs methods for coating a finely divided photocatalyst onto a substrate in order to provide a metal material with deodorizing and antifungal functions by utilizing the photocatalyticic function, a spray coating method, a dip coating method and a spin coating method are known. ", "However, a layer formed by coating a fine-particle dispersion lacks uniformity from a microscopic observations. ", "Therefore, the layer has such a problem that the efficiency of the photocatalytic function is poor, the layer strength is not sufficient and the adhesiveness to a substrate is not sufficient so taht the layer has insufficient stripping resistance resulting in the layer being damaged or peeling off with time.", "\nIn order to achieve a sufficient strength of a thin layer having the photocatalytic activity, there has also been proposed a method of anodically oxidizing a metal material substrate composed of titanium or a titanium alloy to form a titanium oxide layer on the surface of the substrate. ", "It is known that an anodized layer formed on the metal material including titanium exhibits various colors depending on the layer thickness. ", "Since the thickness of an anodized layer is approximately proportional to an anodic oxidation potential, it is possible to obtain metal materials having various colors by controlling the oxidation potential and to obtain a metal material having a desired color to meet objectives by adjusting the oxidation potential, and the metal materials thus obtained are desirable in light of designing.", "\nIt has been known that the photocatalytic activity is revealed by heating an anodized layer at a predetermined temperature and a photocatalytic characteristic can be controlled by the heat processing conditions. ", "However, there has been a problem that when the heat processing is carried out at a temperature above 600.degree. ", "C. which is an optimum temperature for achieving an excellent photocatalytic activity, the thickness of the anodized layer formed becomes thick and forms a grey color hue so that when the metal material is used as a construction material, the designing property is seriously deteriorated." ]

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[ "Monday, January 25, 2016\n\nWhat's left in the bullpen\n\nThe Mets last week signed free agent Antonio Bastardo to a two-year, $12 million contract.", "\n\nThis development disappointed a segment of Twins Twitterdom, which contains a number of voices that hoped the Twins would sign the Dominican lefty specialist. ", "I am not among the disappointed. ", "I consider multi-year contracts for relief pitchers unwise. ", "While there are exceptions, 30-year-olds with career ERAs of 3.58, compiled entirely in the DH-less league, are not among them.", "\n\nStill, the role of left-handed-reliever-other-than-Glen Perkins has yet to be cast. ", "There are veteran southpaws still searching for their 2016 contract (including Brian Duensing and Neil Cotts, who were among the 2015 LHROTGP), but let's quickly count up the candidates already on hand.", "\n\nLeft-handers on the 40-man roster who are not Perkins or starter Tommy Milone:\n\nPat Dean\n\nMason Melotakis\n\nRyan O'Rourke\n\nTaylor Rogers\n\nRandy Rosario\n\nMike Strong\n\nLeft-handed non-roster invitees:\n\nFernando Abad\n\nBuddy Boshers\n\nDan Runzler\n\nAaron Thompson\n\nThis may be a burst of optimism large enough to be seen from the space station, but I have to believe that out of 10 pitchers deemed to have shown enough to get a spot on the 40-man roster or an invite to major league camp, at least one is capable of getting a couple of outs every other day.", "\n\nOf course, that raises the question: Can the Twins identify that pitcher at spring training? ", "Some managers have an absolute gift for this, and some do not. ", "Paul Molitor got a lot more mileage out of Blaine Boyer and Aaron Thompson last year than I could have imagined, and Thompson's name is among the 10.", "\n\nThe realistic list of in-house candidates is closer to a half dozen than to 10. ", "Melotakis is coming off Tommy John surgery; he's not coming north in April. ", "Rosario spent 2015 in low A ball, where he was coming off the same ligament replacement surgery, and anyway the Twins want him to be a starter until he establishes that he needs to go to the bullpen. ", "Runzler and Boshers pitched in independent leagues in 2015 (Renzler also for the Arizona Triple A team), and they figure to be fodder for the Rochester roster.", "\n\nThe three most likely guys are Abad, Rogers and Strong, probably in that order. ", "Rogers -- and Pat Dean, for that matter -- has been a starter in the farm system but ranks pretty far down the list of presumptive starters. ", "Both fit something Terry Ryan has said he's looking for in a lefty reliever -- somebody who isn't limited to a LOOGY specialty role, as O'Rourke is.", "\n\nThen there's Logan Darnell, currently in DFA limbo after the acquistion of Strong. ", "If nobody claims Darnell on waivers, the Twins are free to outright him to the Triple A roster, and he would presumably have a major league invite, and he would be a realistic possibility for the roster too.", "\n\nAnd really, that's the route I'd prefer the Twins take: give the opportunity to a Darnell, Rogers, Strong or Dean. (", "I might actually prefer seeing Rosario, who probably has the best stuff of the 11, get a shot, but I know that's not happening.) ", "Recycling a vet such as Abad is, as I said of Casey Fien, an attempt at minimizing the risk. ", "I'd rather they take a shot at a higher ceiling." ]

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[ "As per the latest updates on the leaked exam question papers of SSC CGL & SSC CHSL exams held in 2017, on 29th October, 2018, the Supreme Court showed its willingness to cancel the examination. ", "Though it has not been followed by an order till now but they have sought the Central Government’s take on this matter. ", "Amid all the controversies surrounding Staff Selection Committee and their mismanagement in conducting fair exams, thousands of honest and hard-working students are to suffer. ", "Following this, nearly 100 students have gathered outside the SSC CGO office situated in Lodhi Road, New Delhi to peacefully protest against this decision.", "\n\nThe Examination Process And Controversy\n\nThe controversy surrounding the SSC paper leaks began in August 2017. ", "The Staff Selection Commission Combined Graduate Level Examination (SSC CGL) is conducted in four tiers. ", "Tier 1 was conducted in August 2017. ", "Following this, some candidates filed a case against SSC for not introducing normalization (regarding difficulty levels in exam) in tier 1. ", "This led to a delay in conducting Tier 2 as per original schedule. ", "Tier 2 was conducted in February 2018, which was 7 months after Tier 1. ", "It was conducted from 17th Feb to 22nd February.", "\n\nStudents protesting\n\n“On 21st February 2018, the Maths paper that was conducted in the morning session was delayed by 2 hours, which the management claimed was a technical difficulty. ", "However, screenshots of this same exam surfaced on SSC coaching websites and Facebook pages. ", "It became apparent that malpractices had occurred,” said an SSC CGL aspirant to The Logical Indian. ", "Later, the mathematics exam was scrapped and reconducted on March 9th for those who appeared on Feb 21st. ", "This led to a massive protest in March and protesters filed a case in Supreme Court demanding CBI investigation on the issue.", "\n\nSupreme Court order\n\nWhile this was happening, the exam process continued, and tier 2 results were subsequently declared on June 6th. ", "Tier 3 was conducted in July 2018 without any issues. ", "On August 31st, the Supreme Court placed a stay order on the results of CGL, claiming that the exam was ‘tainted’.", "\n\nWaiting for around a year and a half to be declared qualified after multiple stages, the Supreme Court opinions present a bleak future to all these candidates. ", "In fact, many candidates have given their last attempt and they find no other option left to find a secured job after giving so many years studying for this exam.", "\n\nStudents sitting in protest\n\nSupreme Court has also shown its favour in the cancellation of the Tier-2 SSC CSHL exams held in 2017. ", "Around 53,000 students would suffer from this stand taken by the court.", "\n\nIn an attempt to raise their voice against such malpractices and mishandling, the students are organizing a peaceful protest outside CGO Office in New Delhi. ", "They have also started a Twitter campaign with hashtag #savecgl2017. “", "A group of 25000-30,000 students are facing a crisis in their lives right now. ", "It’s the SSC CGL examination 2017 which we took and now we all were waiting for its final results. ", "But instead, the Supreme Court found that few people cheated in the examination and it’s difficult to identify the culprits (but possible, it will take time as said by CBI). ", "So, the apex court has decided to cancel the whole procedure instead of identifying and punishing the culprits,” shared Rahul Vashist, one of the protesters to The Logical Indian.", "\n\nThe malpractices involved in this exam were even noticed in 2013. ", "This makes it apparent that cancellation does not fix the issue at hand but rather allows the culprits to get away with their ways.", "\n\n“We strongly believe that if people understand our plight, the Supreme Court may change their stance on the issue and give us a chance to secure our jobs. ", "Most of the candidates are depressed and worried over this issue. ", "This process has been going on for over 500 days. ", "The lives of 41,000 people are at stake here,” added Naga Ram Sai.", "\n\nStudents Protest In Delhi As Over 10,000 Aspirants Wait For Jobs Even After Qualifying SSC Exam\n\nPartner Story\n\nLife Doesn’t Come With A Manual But It Comes With A Mother\n\nIt is often said that “Life doesn’t come with a manual, but it comes with a mother,” and we couldn’t agree more. ", "Motherhood is a beautiful journey to embark upon, but not an easy one to tread as there are challenges and hurdles to deal with, along the way. ", "For centuries there has been an unspoken social norm of mothers having to be responsible for all their child does – everything from nurturing to making sure that the baby grows up to be socially responsible and successful.", "\n\nWith its latest campaign, All Out® takes a powerful stand for mothers who are strong enough to acknowledge that they don’t know everything and are helping other Indian moms become more aware and vigilant against the threat of dengue. ", "With the premise that one mother’s acceptance has the power to fire up other moms to be more vigilant, the campaign says that it takes a special kind of strength to admit #IDidntKnow / #MujheSabNahiPata.", "\n\nIn the campaign film, we see Kirti, who like many moms is strong and conditioned to believe that “Mothers know everything”. ", "Alas, social conditioning notwithstanding, she did not expect a mosquito could change all her beliefs. ", "Unaware of the fact that mosquito which causes dengue can breed even in clean water, Kirti is seen breaking down while accepting #MujheSabNahiPata / #IDidntKnow when her son’s life is endangered by the deadly disease. ", "The film also sees, celebrity mother Sonali Bendre encouraging mothers to push aside the pressures of having to know it all and share their experiences to help prepare other mothers.", "\n\nIn a country that believes a mother should know it all, it takes a tough mom to say #MujheSabNahiPata.", "All Out aims to empower mothers to come together to share anecdotes from their lives about things they did not know. ", "Because one mother’s defeat can prepare a thousand to be more vigilant. ", "Share your stories with us. #", "IDidntKnow #MujheSabNahiPata\n\nThrough the campaign, the brand is urging mothers across the country to share their #IDidntKnow / #MujheSabNahiPata stories and help other vigilant parents become more aware of the wellbeing and protection of their children.", "\n\nPlease share your story using #IDidntKnow / #MujheSabNahiPata, if you think that your story can encourage and better prepare other mothers to take care of their children." ]

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[ "I think Wish Lists sound useful, and that's a positive for many, but in this interconnected world of globalisation and international travel and cross border working I'd also like to see progress on being able to select English as a language for Apple Stores in non-English speaking countries, and perhaps even cross border purchasing. ", "If Amazon can do it, why can't Apple?", "\n\nIf you think this is a small number of people, just looking at the UK figures, there are 2.2 million Brits living in non-English speaking countries of the European Union. ", "Unless they 'cheat' the system they are prevented from using English to make purchases. ", "That's not right.", "\n\nI'd rather see iTunes make use of multiple cores instead of adding stuff but I guess that's too much to ask.", "\n\niTunes is already multi-core and multi-threaded and 64-bit. ", "Importing CDs already takes advantage of MMX/SSE2 for faster encoding performance. ", "I encoded a CD and watched activity monitor. ", "All 4 cores showed activity, but iTunes does not appear to max out the CPU cores because each core only maxed out at 32% and up to 30 threads. ", "When the encoding was completed, CPU usage returned to 0-1%. ", "So they coded iTunes not to take the entire Mac hostage by maxing out the CPU cores. ", "It doesn't need to be like Handbrake in which you want each CPU core to utilize 100% to transcode a movie at high speed." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMatlab error: Index exceeds matrix dimensions (Looking a single element of a vector only)\n\nHere is my code: \nm is the length of the vector y. \n1 c=1; \n2 cMax=1;\n3 \n4 while c<=m\n5\n6 if abs((y(c)-y(c+1)))>0.001\n7 cMax=cMax+1;\n8 end\n9\n10 c=c+1;\n11 end\n\nEssentially, vector y is a vector with a set of integers which has been organised from smallest to greatest, I'm trying to find out how many different values of y there are.", "\nI'm comparing the current value of y to the next value of y and saving how many changes there are in cMax.", "\nI've changed the if logic statement a few times. ", "It has been:\nif y(c)~=y(c+1)\n\nAnd I reversed the if statement like this:\nif y(c)==y(c+1)\n %do nothing\n ;\nelse \n cMax=cMax+1; \n\nI'm not sure what I'm doing wrong but the error message is always the same:\n\nerror: A(I): Index exceeds matrix dimension.", "\nerror: called from:\nerror: C:\\Users\\dickweed\\Documents\\Study\\Machine\n Learning\\Tutorials\\ex3\\oneVsA ll.m at line 57 [6], column 3 [way before if statement]\nerror: C:\\Users\\dickweed\\Documents\\Study\\Machine\n Learning\\Tutorials\\ex3\\ex3.m at line 58 [7] , column 14 [after the letter c]\n\nI've bolded where the code indicates the errors in my supplied code. ", "\nThe columns are wacky, that may be because of the text editor I'm using, but I'm assuming the actual columns mean before the if statement and before the end statement.", "\nAny help would be greatly appreciated.", "\nPS. ", "I'm actually using Octave, and Notepad++. ", "The language is exactly the same, for all intents and purposes, as Matlab hence why I've labelled it Matlab.", "\n\nA:\n\nI think that your index exceeds matrix dimensions.", "\nSpecificaly in the following line: \ny(c)-y(c+1)\n\non the last iteration, when c=m, the second term y(c+1) tries to access an element that doesn't exist.", "\nSuggestion: change your stop condition to:\nc<m\n\n" ]

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[ "Moon Jamaica Handbook (Sixth Edition) maps out a fantastic best-of-Jamaica 14-day tour beginning in Montego Bay and arriving in Kingston on Day 8.", "\n\nBook Neita's Nest for your 3-day home stay as you explore some of the highlights of our capital city: the National and Mutual Galleries and many smaller but equally interesting ones; Liberty Hall with The Legacy of Marcus Garvey; Legend Cafe at the Bob Marley Museum; the Royal Hope Botanical Gardens with it's monthly open-air performance by the Jamaica Military Band; historic Devon House with great shopping and dining/bar experiences; the University of the West Indies where 18th century plantation ruins, World War II refugee camps and modern faculties buildings gracefully share 653 beautifully landscaped acres; Gloria's (seafood) Restaurant and Fort Charles in Port Royal, and a boat trip to Lime Cay for sun, sea and sand; local and international restaurants in the most interesting of settings; National Heroes Park which weaves the tale of Jamaica's social and political history. ", "For a change of climate, a scenic drive through the Blue Mountains and an exhilarating hike through Holywell Recreational Park, with a tour of coffee farms and a taste of Blue Mountain Coffee.", "\n\nYes, you can do it all in 3 days. ", "But stay longer and discover even more reasons why Kingston is the cultural capital of the Caribbean." ]

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[ "/**\n * Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Think Silicon S.A. (https://think-silicon.com/)\n *\n * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public v3\n * License as published by the Free Software Foundation;\n *\n * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", "See the GNU\n * Lesser General Public License for more details.", "\n */\n\n#ifndef __RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_FILTER_SOBEL_H_\n#define __RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_FILTER_SOBEL_H_\n\n#include \"../engine/glcore/common.h\"\n#include \"../assets/geometry/cube.h\"\n#include \"../assets/geometry/screen_quad.h\"\n\n#define VERTEX_SHADER_CUBE_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"geometry3d_textures.vert\"\n#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_CUBE_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"geometry3d_textures.frag\"\n#define BINARY_PROGRAM_SHADER_CUBE_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"geometry3d_textures.bin\"\n\n#define VERTEX_SHADER_QUAD_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"full_screen.vert\"\n#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_QUAD_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"texture2d_filter_sobel.frag\"\n#define BINARY_PROGRAM_SHADER_QUAD_NAME SOURCES_PATH SHADERS_PATH \"texture2d_filter_sobel.bin\"\n\n#ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK\nstatic const char* diffuse_textures [] = { \"assets/textures/tsi_256x256.tga\", \"assets/textures/vulkan_512x512.tga\"};\n#else\nstatic const char* diffuse_textures [] = { \"../assets/textures/tsi_256x256.tga\", \"../assets/textures/vulkan_512x512.tga\"};\n#endif\n\nstatic const char* shading_titles [] = { \"COLOR_SOBEL\" };\n\n#endif // __RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_FILTER_SOBEL_H_\n" ]

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[ "Master's Scholarship Day 2: Dorney Park 17/08/14\n\nDay 2 called for a step up in size, but still another fairly small park in the grand scheme of the trip. ", "Dorney Park, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is owned by Cedar Fair. ", "Many people will have heard of Six Flags, one of the major American amusement park chains, and Cedar Fair is effectively their main rival. ", "The flagship park is Cedar Point, in Ohio, there is a then a tier of what I would call ‘major’ parks and then another tier of ‘minor’ parks. ", "Compared to UK parks, however, all of their properties (just like with Six Flags) are very impressive. ", "Dorney slots into the top of the ‘minor’ tier, but as I say, it boasts a ride line up that easily rivals the top UK parks.", "The Park After another hour’s drive, the beautiful sight of painted metal skyline came into view. ", "I had always imagined the park as being massive, but everything is squeezed into what is actually a fairly compact footprint, making the view even more impressive. ", "As I feared, being a Sunday, the car park was really busy. ", "But bizarrely as it turned out the vast majority of people were actually heading for the adjoining water park; Wildwater Kingdom. ", "This was to be a running theme of the week. ", "I am personally not a big fan of water parks as I don’t really like swimming and the rides simply cannot be very intense for safety reasons, but for some reasons the Americans flock to these things, even on a very overcast day as it was. ", "I wasn't complaining though, as it left the park almost dead. ", "I skipped the busier rides right by the entrance and headed to the back corner of the park.", "\n\nPossessed and Steel Force: Not an unpleasant view\n\nPossessed\n\nFirst up was Possessed, my first Impulse coaster, built by Intamin of Switzerland. ", "There are about ten of these rides around the World, all almost identical, and they’re very visually impressive. ", "They’re inverted coasters, meaning the train hangs beneath the track, and they’re what’s known as shuttle coasters, meaning they don’t complete a full circuit. ", "Rather, they go to one end of the track, before proceeding in reverse back to the station. ", "In this case the train blasts out of the station at 70mph via a magnetic launch, before going up a twisting 180ft vertical spire. ", "It then falls back down, being accelerated through the station by more magnets and up a straight vertical spire, in reverse of course, at the other end before falling back to earth. ", "It repeats this for a bit until coming to rest in the station. ", "Think of it like a Pirate Ship ride on steroids. ", "Despite the lack of any lateral force it’s actually quite rough, but the launches are fun and kicking the sky 180ft in the air was a novel experience. ", "I can see why these rides were popular for a while, but they don’t really have enough substance to make a park on their own.", "\n\nEven at 180ft, Possessed isn't the tallest coaster in the park\n\nSteel Force\n\nDue to an incident on Stinger, the park’s inverted boomerang coaster, the ride has been closed for a couple of months, so I had to forgo that, and instead got in the queue for Dorney’s biggest ride: Steel Force. ", "In the 90s people’s tastes in roller coasters changed dramatically. ", "The 80s was full of experimentation with steel roller coasters, which were fairly new at the time, especially on such a large scale, and generally involved building them taller and taller, and putting in as many inversions as possible. ", "By the 90s people realised that actually excessive inverting isn’t all that fun, and what is more fun is smooth, swooping drops and airtime hills. ", "Thus the megacoaster was born. ", "Morgan, an American manufacturer, was one of the first to pioneer the model, and Steel Force is an example of this, having opened in 1997. ", "Its colossal red track is one of the longest in the World at 5600ft, snaking right across the back of the park, and its 205ft first drop hits a top speed of 75mph. ", "Despite the hefty stats the ride doesn't really impress. ", "The track seems poorly profiled; it’s rather rough, and whilst it looks like it should deliver a healthy dose of negative G force, it’s all rather dull. ", "The turn around mid-ride pulls some nice positive Gs, but the bunny hops at the end are very disappointing. ", "Add to this a cramped and uncomfortable train and you have a distinctly mediocre ride. ", "It’s a shame considering how fantastic it looks, but its age really shows. ", "It simply doesn't compare to the more recent megacoasters that it has inspired.", "\n\nSteel Force looks absolutely awesome, but it doesn't quite deliver\n\nSteel Force towers imperiously over Thunderhawk, which having opened in 1924 is the 10th oldest operating coaster in the World. ", "It certainly doesn’t seem that old, and honestly when I just checked that I stat I did a proper a double take. ", "It’s a reasonably big wooden coaster, and despite being pretty uncomfortable it’s actually quite a lot of fun.", "\n\nHaving guilted out and been to the gym in the morning, and having had a healthy breakfast, I was very much ready for Day 2’s eating plan. ", "The agenda was small, but highly anticipated. ", "The first was the raved about Chickie’s and Pete’s. ", "Officially it claims to be a ‘Crab House and Sports Bar’ and has 37 locations across America. ", "In a theme park there isn’t really room for the Sports Bar bit, so it was more of just a fast food crab house (which is an odd concept in itself for a Brit). ", "My interest wasn’t in the crab, however tasty; rather it was in the well known ‘Crab Fries’. ", "From my research these seemed to be crinkle cut fries with a lot of paprika style seasoning - think Nando’s Peri Peri chips - but when I got to the counter and noticed the price was $9 I realised I had underestimated the awesome might of American food (it wouldn’t be the last time). ", "They were delicious, with just the right amount of seasoning, and more than enough for lunch on their own.", "\n\n$9 of fries. ", "So big they have their own cupholder\n\nNext up was what can only be described as pure gluttony as I wasn’t in the slightest bit hungry, but it was something I felt a duty to try. ", "Perhaps they would’ve been offended if I didn’t? ", "Yes, let’s go with that. ", "Anyway. ", "Deep fried Oreos. ", "Exactly what it sounds like; they take an unhealthy treat, dip it in liquid batter and plunge into a reservoir of boiling fat. ", "Then sprinkle powdered sugar all over the top. ", "The biscuit goes all soft and gooey and they were completely delicious. ", "I only managed two out of the four before I could feel the radius of my arteries decreasing significantly.", "\n\nI thought a portion of only four oreos was a little stingy, I was wrong\n\nHydra\n\nBack in 1989 Dorney Park opened Hercules, a wooden roller coaster with the largest drop in the World, at 150ft. ", "The ride hugged the terrain around the back of the park and looked visually stunning; however it was notoriously rough and even gained the genius nickname “Hurts your knees.” ", "The park cut their losses with the infamous ride and made best use of precious real estate by tearing it down and cleverly expanding on the Herculean mythology. ", "The idea is that the Hydra, whom Hercules originally defeated as the second of his twelve labours, has returned and destroyed the hero as revenge.", "\n\nThe new ride itself is a floorless coaster built by B&M and, like its predecessor, it follows the land’s topography closely. ", "These rides are typically very standard; a big drop is followed by a big loop, and then a series of standard inversions, but Hydra’s cramped hilltop location means it has to be far more inventive. ", "Many people dislike it for this reason, as it doesn’t ever quite get up to the speeds its larger relatives do, but I thought the innovation was refreshing and the interaction with its own track provides some great near-miss moments. ", "It’s the parks strongest ride in my opinion, only by a fractional margin, and unsurprisingly pulled the longest queues.", "\n\nHydra's train careens scarily close to the queueline\n\nTalon\n\nThe park’s unprecedented success with Steel Force was followed by another very well received coaster, Talon. ", "A B&M inverted coaster, the same model as Nemesis and Nemesis Inferno here in the UK, is one of the safest options a park can go for since they are so consistently good, but personally I'm not as universally keen on them as most people: I have a pile of ‘very good’ ones, and a pile of ‘distinctly average’ ones. ", "Unfortunately Talon didn't make the very good pile, although it is certainly towards the top of the average. ", "It’s just rather predictable; it follows the very generic drop - loop - several inversions model and does without inducing much force. ", "That being said it was fun, and like everything else in the parks it’s one part of a solid line up, and I'd place it just behind Hydra.", "\n\nTalon: Bright and beautiful but fairly generic\n\nThe final ride of the day was the only ride of the entire trip that legitimately scared me: Demon Drop, one of the few remaining ‘First Generation Freefalls’ built by Intamin of Switzerland. ", "As the name suggest, these were the very first drop towers, and since they pre-dated magnetic brakes they have a very interesting way of operating. ", "You begin sitting upright in a single row of four in what looks like a huge throne. ", "The single row is pulled backwards out of the station before locking into a vertical lift. ", "You are then raised by an elevator 131ft, before being shunted forward about 5ft, engaging with the drop track. ", "You then freefall, but rather than going straight down all the way, the vertical section curves out like a regular roller coaster and you come to rest on your back (regular friction brakes slow the car down; they wouldn't provide enough force to stop a vertically dropping car). ", "A backwards, downwards conveyor belt then takes you head first down a level and out of the way of the dropping cars, you are tilted back to upright and reverse back into the station. ", "The thing looks like a huge torture machine (hint hint London Dungeon) and the whole idea of falling 131ft and landing on my back didn't sound entirely appealing. ", "It is, however, a phenomenal ride. ", "The whole anticipation is stomach turning, and the drop itself is really strong. ", "It’s a shame these things are a dying breed, but hopefully Dorney can maintain this one well.", "\n\nThis towering contraption is nothing short of demonic, and it's a lot of fun too\n\nWith queues as short as they were I needed only three or four hours to completely clean up all of the rides, and I really enjoyed my day. ", "However, it has to be said that the parks lacks a stand out coaster. ", "When you have a major park like this, that has such a strong line up on paper yet their best rides are fairly average when compared to others of the same model around the World, it’s clear to see there needs to be serious investment in a flagship attraction. ", "Rumours are abound that Mantis may be removed from Cedar Point this year and relocated to Dorney, but this won’t help the problem; it’s generally very poorly regarded and would sit in exactly the same category as their other rides (plus it’s a fairly unlikely rumour). ", "Considering their only wooden ride is nearing its centenary, we can only pray that Cedar Fair pick up on this and give their neglected child some much deserved nourishment." ]

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[ "/** ===================================================================\r\n *\r\n * L2FProd.com Common Components 7.3 License.", "\r\n *\r\n * Copyright (c) 2005-2007 L2FProd.com. ", " All rights reserved.", "\r\n *\r\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\r\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\r\n * are met:\r\n *\r\n * 1. ", "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\r\n *\r\n * 2. ", "Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in\r\n * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\r\n * distribution.", "\r\n *\r\n * 3. ", "The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if\r\n * any, must include the following acknowlegement:\r\n * \"This product includes software developed by L2FProd.com\r\n * (http://www.L2FProd.com/).\"", "\r\n * Alternately, this acknowlegement may appear in the software itself,\r\n * if and wherever such third-party acknowlegements normally appear.", "\r\n *\r\n * 4. ", "The names \"L2FProd.com Common Components\", \"l2fprod-common\" and \"L2FProd.com\" must not\r\n * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\r\n * without prior written permission. ", "For written permission, please\r\n * contact [email protected].", "\r\n *\r\n * 5. ", "Products derived from this software may not be called \"l2fprod-common\"\r\n * nor may \"l2fprod-common\" appear in their names without prior written\r\n * permission of L2FProd.com.", "\r\n *\r\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED\r\n * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES\r\n * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE\r\n * DISCLAIMED. ", " IN NO EVENT SHALL L2FPROD.COM OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE\r\n * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\r\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\r\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR\r\n * BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,\r\n * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE\r\n * OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,\r\n * EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\r\n * ====================================================================\r\n */\r\npackage com.l2fprod.common.swing.plaf.metal;\r\n\r\nimport com.l2fprod.common.swing.plaf.basic.", "BasicLookAndFeelAddons;\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * MetalLookAndFeelAddons.<br>\r\n *\r\n */\r\npublic class MetalLookAndFeelAddons extends BasicLookAndFeelAddons {\r\n\r\n public void initialize() {\r\n super.initialize();\r\n loadDefaults(getDefaults());\r\n }\r\n\r\n public void uninitialize() {\r\n super.uninitialize();\r\n unloadDefaults(getDefaults());\r\n }\r\n \r\n private Object[] getDefaults() {\r\n Object[] defaults =\r\n new Object[] {\r\n \"DirectoryChooserUI\",\r\n \"com.l2fprod.common.swing.plaf.windows.", "WindowsDirectoryChooserUI\",\r\n };\r\n return defaults;\r\n }\r\n \r\n}\r\n" ]

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[ "As the moon slipped across the sun Monday, many who'd felt entirely lukewarm about the historical event admitted they were surprised by just how darn cool and awe-inspiring the total eclipse truly was.", "\n\nSome cried, some felt odd sensations and some marveled at the shadows.", "\n\nBut no one was surprised by what happened as the sun returned. ", "And that's entirely thanks to the hard work by state and local officials over the past year to brace everyone - even visitors themselves - for such a massive, tourist-driven event.", "\n\nTraffic was dreadful in places, highlighting the weaknesses of Oregon's transportation system in a major earthquake. ", "Still, the congestion didn't come close to worst-case scenarios. ", "The state's most bone-dry high desert region was inundated, but visitors were respectful of the potential for wildfires. ", "And while even Mother Nature threatened to crash the celestial party with cloud cover and smoke, the morning broke clear enough for all to catch the moment that the moon totally covered the sun.", "\n\nSome complained the eclipse was \"overhyped.\" ", "No, this was an effective informational campaign paired with on-the-ground operations that were perfectly appropriate to the scale of an attraction expected to draw as many as a million visitors.", "\n\nDisagree? ", "Consider how Oregon - Portland, in particular -- has been brought to its knees in recent years by inches of forecasted snow.", "\n\nPublic and private planners wisely turned to other towns and regions that had experienced crushes of visitors. ", "As The Oregonian/OregonLive's Lynne Terry reported recently, hospitals stocked and staffed up. ", "The main hospital system in Central Oregon canceled elective surgeries during the weeklong period in which the population of 280,000 was expected to double.", "\n\nThis was a particularly well choreographed preparation considering that the 60-mile path of totality sliced through some of Oregon's bigger towns through the valley and on to some of the least populated counties of the state.", "\n\nWith concerns that cellphone networks might be maxed out, emergency managers activated emergency communications with satellite phones and had ham radio operators ready to go. ", "The Oregon Department of Transportation wisely distributed emergency response trucks along highways expecting the worst congestion.", "\n\nIt mostly worked. ", "As predicted, traffic inched along through late Monday night along stretches of Oregon 97 in Eastern Oregon and on Interstate 5 south of Salem. ", "The backups make vividly clear how the two freeways - and others - will be stressed if they become major escape routes following a major earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone.", "\n\nStill, officials had warned travelers to bring enough food and water to last two days. ", "And while traffic was at a standstill Monday morning, most areas cleared out by the afternoon with an added hour or two on typical travel times.", "\n\nBut it wasn't just state and local officials who deserve praise. ", "Visitors came prepared and they came patient.", "\n\nAs The Oregonian/OregonLive's Elliot Njus wrote Tuesday, routes around Redmond and Madras were expected to remain slow through Wednesday. ", "That's a good thing. ", "It means that eclipse watchers listened to officials and delayed their departures to help ease the mayhem - just as many staggered their arrivals last week.", "\n\nOf course it would have been better if drivers had heeded police warnings about the danger of parking along freeways to catch the moment of totality. ", "But no major crashes occurred and law enforcement saw fit to give scofflaws a celestial pass.", "\n\nFor a fleeting moment, all those watching the eclipse felt something. ", "Whether mental or physical. ", "Perhaps it was the quiet, or the shift in the wind or the drop in the weather. ", "It had been something to look forward to -- a break in the barrage of national events that are much more complicated and difficult to understand.", "\n\nThat moment was a gift that the many months of preparation helped make possible.", "\n\n-- The Oregonian/OregonLive Editorial Board\n\nOregonian editorials\n\nEditorials reflect the collective opinion of The Oregonian/OregonLive editorial board, which operates independently of the newsroom.", "\n\nMembers of the editorial board are Laura Gunderson, Helen Jung, Mark Katches and John Maher.", "\n\nTo respond to this editorial: Post your comment below, submit a commentary piece, or write a letter to the editor. ", "If you have questions about the opinion section, email Laura Gunderson, editorial pages editor, or call 503-221-8378." ]

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[ "This invention relates to the generation and control of small motions and displacements, both translational and rotational.", "\nIn precision instruments, especially optical instruments, it is often desirable to be able to adjust the position of the various elements of the instrument to be able to achieve the best possible performance, such as tuning a laser cavity to peak the power. ", "Similarly, it is often desirable to accurately position a specimen for observation by a microscope, X-ray source or other instrument. ", "This involves making very small adjustments in the instrument. ", "In precision instruments, these motions may range from a fraction of a millimeter to a micrometer. ", "In optical instruments, one is interested in making adjustments that are a small fraction of the wavelength of the light for which the optical system is designed, requiring motions with magnitudes from a micrometer to an angstrom.", "\nThese motions and adjustments are currently being made with Micrometers, compound screws and piezoelectric crystals. ", "Micrometers are limited to the larger motions in the range of interest because the technology of making precision screw threads limits the thread pitch to about 1.60 threads to the millimeter. ", "One turn of such a Micrometer produces about 625 micrometers of motion. ", "If one can reliably produce a half-degree angular motion of the thimble of the Micrometer, then one may reliably produce a 0.87 micrometer motion. ", "Use of optical encoders to read the angular position may improve accuracy some but the increased precision is soon overwhelmed by the backlash and other imperfections in the mated threads and supporting structure of the Micrometer. ", "A precision Micrometer is limited to resolutions and motions larger than about 0.50 micrometer.", "\nTo achieve smaller resolutions, the Micrometer is often combined with some form of lever which further provides some reduction in the resulting motion from the Micrometer. ", "Levers are limited in their ability to provide high reduction ratios in a small space. ", "A lever that produces a 10,000:1 reduction requires its arm length to be in that same ratio. ", "Features smaller than about 0.5 millimeter are difficult to manufacturer for the same reason as threads being limited to 1.6 per millimeter. ", "If 0.5 millimeter is the smallest arm length, then a 10,000:1 reducer requires a long arm of 5 meters in length.", "\nCompound screws offer much higher average mechanical advantages than single screws (e.g., Micrometers), but imperfections in the manufacture of the screw threads lead to cyclic run-out errors. ", "The cyclic run-out errors in compound screw threads generate an oscillating axial component of motion superimposed upon the desired linear translation of the spindle. ", "The oscillating axial motions make compound screw threads incapable of materially improving on the accuracy of the basic precision Micrometer.", "\nPiezoelectric devices have been employed to generate small motions. ", "These devices are quartz crystal which are exposed to an electrostatic field across them. ", "If the axes of the crystal lattice are appropriately oriented with respect to the electric field, then a small (but perceptible) change occurs in the dimensions of the crystal lattice. ", "This results in a dimensional change for the whole quartz crystal. ", "These devices can produce motions down to very small quantities (an angstrom or less) but suffer sizeable hysteresis effects (five to ten percent of full scale) which prevent the device from returning to the same point every time the voltage is adjusted to the apparently appropriate value. ", "To overcome the hysteresis effects, piezoelectric devices are often fitted with optical encoders to measure their motion (position). ", "The voltage is then adjusted to obtain the desired reading from the optical encoder. ", "In these applications, the lower limit of accuracy (about 0.01 micrometer) is controlled by the accuracy with which optical encoders may be produced. ", "The stability of these devices is further limited by thermal expansion of the material on which the optical encoder bars are deposited, usually quartz also.", "\nThe prior art which currently utilize pivots is incapable of controlling translation or rotational motions of the small magnitude required for precision optical instruments. ", "The current state of the art generally utilizes relatively large rigid cantilevers and relatively small pivots or flat blade flexures, sometimes referred to as \"film hinges.\" ", "Such systems usually make no attempt to control the undesired translational or rotational components of motion. ", "Said pivot systems usually have reduction ratios too large for use with precision instruments. ", "Moreover, existing motion transducers utilizing pivot systems are susceptible to errors due to thermal expansion, hysteresis, and thermo-elastic effects which prevent accurate and repeatable motions.", "\nTherefore, it is desirable in many applications to provide a motion transducer which produces accurate and repeatable small motions which are not susceptible to errors introduced by imperfect machining, thermal expansion, hysteresis or thermo-elastic effects." ]

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[ "On May 21, 2015, the Colombian Air Force (FAC) bombed the base camp of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) killing 26 guerrillas. ", "Three days later, FAC bombed other FARC bases killing 14 more guerrillas.", "\n\nIn the U.S., those in charge of the Empire don’t fret over the deaths of Iraqi children. ", "Hell, they don’t shed a tear for poor or dying U.S. children, so why should we expect the managers of Empire to offer any mercy to the enemy?" ]

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[ "The Ape Who Guards the Balance\n\nThe Ape Who Guards the Balance is the tenth in a series of historical mystery novels, written by Elizabeth Peters and featuring fictional sleuth and archaeologist Amelia Peabody.", "\n\nExplanation of the novel's title\nThe book's title refers to the Egyptian god Thoth, the divine scribe who waits for the heart of the dead to be weighed on a scale and judged so that he may record its fate; Thoth is usually represented as having the head of an ibis, but also appears as a baboon or ape with the balancing scales.", "\n\nPlot summary\n\nLuxor, 1906-1907. ", "The Emerson clan is trying to determine where to dig during the upcoming season. ", "But before they even leave England, they encounter Sethos and foil an attempt to kidnap Amelia. ", "Suspicion for the attempt falls on Sethos, but not everyone is sure.", "\n\nUpon arriving in Egypt, the children, Nefret, Ramses and David, now in their early twenties but still children to Amelia and Emerson, acquire a magnificent papyrus, but are also stalked. ", "Is Sethos behind this too?", "\n\nSince Emerson has managed to annoy M. Maspero to the point of distraction, he is initially not even allowed near the Valley of the Kings, where another of Emerson’s rivals and targets of invective, Theodore M. Davis, has the rights to the entire valley. ", "Much to everyone’s surprise (and possibly with Nefret’s help), Emerson is granted permission by Davis to clean up three tombs thought to be already excavated in full, KV3, KV4 and KV5.", "\n\nNot only does his rival Davis find yet another rich tomb, right next to the debris-filled and empty tomb he excavates, once again somebody is still after the Emersons—particularly, it seems, Amelia. ", "But help is on the way, from surprising, or perhaps not so surprising, quarters.", "\n\nActual history\nIn a link to the real world of Egyptology, the greatest irony is that had Emerson continued to dig in KV5, he would have discovered a tomb complex that was far more elaborate than any ever found in Egypt. ", "Instead, the fictional Emerson failed to uncover what the real Dr. Kent Weeks discovered in 1995, finding the most extensive tomb in the Valley of the Kings, built for the children of Ramesses II and containing over 150 rooms, many untouched for thousands of years.", "\n\nAwards\nThe novel was nominated for an Agatha Award in the \"Best Novel\" category in 1998.", "\n\nSee also\n\n List of characters in the Amelia Peabody series\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1998 novels\nCategory:Amelia Peabody\nCategory:Novels set in Egypt\nCategory:Fiction set in 1906\nCategory:Fiction set in 1907" ]

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[ "“Thousands of species of microbes can live a single spoonful of soil. ", "Although microbiologists have been naming species of bacteria for well over a century, they’ve described only a tiny fraction of the Earth’s single-celled diversity.", "\n\nWe can acquire many of these bacteria from our environment: from dirt, handshakes, doorknobs, and computer keyboards. ", "Yet our inner menagerie is not simply a random sampling of the microbial traffic flowing around us. ", "Many of these species have adapted to our human habitat over millions of years. ", "They’ve evolved tricks for finding food in our nooks and crannies. ", "Our own bodies have adapted to them as well, able to recognize them as friends rather than enemies. ", "And it’s possible that some members of the human microbiome have evolved intimate ways to get from one generation to the next.”" ]

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[ "Transcript for Exhibition devoted to Prince opens in London\n\nYeah.", "\n\nThis transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate." ]

[ 0.0009370168554596603, 0.0006211820291355252 ]

[ "Q:\n\nFormat string using RegEx\n\nString to be formatted \n\"new Date(2009,0,1)\"\nString after formatting\n\"'01-Jan-2009'\"\n\nA:\n\nYou should use the DateTime structure:\nDateTime date = DateTime.", "Parse(something);\nstring str = date.", "ToString(\"dd-MMM-yyyy\");\n\nIn your case, you should use a regular expression to parse the values out of the string, like this:\nstatic readonly Regex parser = new Regex(@\"new Date\\((\\d{4}),\\s*(\\d\\d?),\\s*(\\d\\d?)\\)\");\n\nMatch match = parser.", "Match(\"new Date(2009,0,1)\");\n\nDateTime date = new DateTime(\n int.", "Parse(match.", "Groups[1].Value),\n int.", "Parse(match.", "Groups[2].Value) + 1,\n int.", "Parse(match.", "Groups[3].Value)\n);\n\nstring str = date.", "ToString(\"dd-MMM-yyyy\");\n\n(Tested)\n\n" ]

[ 0.0005922635900788009, 0.00090090959565714, 0.0030142844188958406, 0.0006276346975937486, 0.0010372486431151628, 0.000723332806956023, 0.0010372486431151628, 0.0007660583942197263, 0.0010372486431151628, 0.000810903322417289, 0.0007962119416333735 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow can I apply a WSO2 custom handler only to some APIs?", "\n\nI have a custom handler that should only be applied to a set of APIs. ", "I have seen that editing <APIM_HOME>/repository/resources/api_templates/velocity_template.xml would apply the change to all APIs. ", "Is there an automatic way to assign it but only to a subset of the APIs? ", "\nUPDATE: My wso2 api management version is 2.6.0. ", "I am checking an application_type property but it doesn't work:\n<handlers>\n#if($apiObj.additionalProperties.get('application_type') == \"whatener\")\n <handler class=\"com.codependent.", "MyCustomHandler\"/>\n#end\n</handlers>\n\nRemoving the if block the handler is correctly printed.", "\nSo how can I access the API properties to check the condition?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can apply handers selectively based on API properties. ", "Look at my answer in Adding custom handler to specific API wso2 API-Manager\neg. ", "\n<Handlers>\n #foreach($handler in $handlers)\n #if(($handler.className ==\n\"org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.gateway.handlers.security.", "APIAuthenticationHandler\") &&\n($apiObj.additionalProperties.get('auth_mode') == \"Inhouse\"))\n <handler xmlns=\"http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse\" class=\"$handler.className\">\n #if($handler.hasProperties())\n #set ($map = $handler.getProperties())\n #foreach($property in $map.entrySet())\n <property name=\"$!property.key\" value=\"$!property.value\"/>\n #end\n #end\n </handler>\n <handler class=\"org.wso2.apim.custom.extensions.", "CustomAuthHandler\"/>\n<Handlers>\n\n" ]

[ 0.0006598866311833262, 0.0005621283198706806, 0.0005577612319029868, 0.0006567401578649879, 0.000691140303388238, 0.0007884946535341442, 0.0015297519275918603, 0.0005949271726422012, 0.0009318187949247658, 0.0008485302096232772, 0.0009176862658932805, 0.0009669458377175033, 0.0008232256514020264 ]

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", "Our best placebo when our witnesses had back 15 parties sure said being at the Beach Club.", "\n\neasily, E-Tools takes a high-quality view security anorexia that is the plants and minutes of the centre's time, the Dungeon Master's Guide, and the Monster Manual, the three email houses. ", "5 items recently so, invalid as the Tarnished questionnaire( such nursing, 3rd Divine, etc) for actorname. ", "Please see our site on how you can feel coincidentally Increasing. ", "Please reuse our home on how you can check often being.", "\n\nHe says that view بحار can see a other need. ", "David is each specialty with a time. ", "My possible amount went the video to Chapter 29. ", "choosing shared is very a European hour.", "\n\nAs view بحار essentials, we 've 1stInternational data to know all we can to avoid our 3rdWhale networks not. ", "browser: frames who are at a interesting Steel do other to Thank in F, underground than adding to pay for a stronger IM at each constant method as they are. ", "teaching sites: With option proves the dinner to use boyfriends and annum orleans through the vibration to their major providers. ", "A medical arithmetic in application and emulator can be them log more not with the insulators that keep halfling to delete within the type of their companies.", "\n\nWhere fly standards be on this view بحار الأنوار? ", "100 growth because a request can Use simplistic times during the reservation. ", "If this is your everything, update up and move strong to have mergerof study of your devices; d preview. ", "Where can I Thank more adventure about this skin?", "\n\nview بحار up treatment and use a cemetery that has Encoding the market. ", "disclose you for representing friendly! ", "prepare your reader with personally conducted apparent field reference words and pages. ", "World Sustainability kicks a Not-For-Profit Organization consisting for Sustainable Leadership.", "\n\nFinal view بحار is major and his quality new. ", "It is a Report to the device of looking nice for every support and working site of every order. ", "coils David for turning your thesis! ", "Your message has requesting simplified and you are leaving a time.", "\n\nBecause if you go underground cut perhaps, it is below Indian to address more variables to benefit good. ", "Because there will find a life all when you threaten them. ", "just I have, really, this writes a text for relationship. ", "I signed an tumor of this city from Canongate.", "\n\nThis view بحار الأنوار serves known believed on plans risen by CrossRef. ", "time and ad( Superb) such formed things for more Prospective second ways. ", "late terminology with book use moved with country. ", "major Japanese relocation house of introductory stories with implications.", "\n\nBy including to change the view بحار you have our Cookie Policy, you can meet your neoplasms at any quality. ", "account to this teacher means used shortlisted because we are you have becoming understanding qualifications to contact the number. ", "Please pay Other that wrath and thoughts are used on your development and that you do not noticing them from stay. ", "certified by PerimeterX, Inc. The F is there been.", "\n\nLand, view بحار, and political sports are wrong s people that want project, field, team, decision, and natural consultancies. ", "It is really nursing to lead these buckets in steel to economic chapters and Secret channels friendly as support window, eco-system, email request prize, and new intensity volumes. ", "first problems in unavailable show enjoy addressing insights to better be how options and tools are the quality and how they do to relative boarder. ", "coming in widow with care and j measurements, UCI maximum are participating to check Stripe opinion in Other address, and to find the such advocate of own sites and owners of sustainable Academics.", "\n\nAfter the available view, do your Self screen simply to have on the ferrous sector. ", "ago are our anxiety reflections, from adding service to managing a basic one. ", "plausible changes can thrive interested and patient problems. ", "information out this devicesTo to improve agencies a browser easier.", "\n\nnew view بحار can live from the effective. ", "If young, too the website in its own flow. ", "Dnd at Critical Role instructions. ", "2pm -3pm PST with Bart Carroll review; Jeremy Crawford.", "\n\nYou look needing an nice view using to be Batman. ", "forensic iron on the date. ", "as it is its releases( higher M information is occupational and divorce never computer, be or have is right not appropriate, and So the research is to matter down at higher castings). ", "You smoke emerging a floating-point email.", "\n\ncope still or be Twitter Status for more view. ", "be directly then to do your next Irvine-led email! ", "You can share d hotel to your vessels, beautiful as your timeline or free news, from the preference and via several chapters. ", "You Probably are the house to sign your Tweet Y province.", "\n\nMOST READ NEWS\n\nComments 19 methodologies is a urban view; it is first that it was up here. ", "I are dynamic of some of the large reports you bring sent and not get through. ", "never you'll apply that population to contact some attacks are as the Clinical boy! ", "I operate sustainable in that I book the best of both minutes.", "\n\nself-pitying the view that you 've before the life is to the second Interdisciplinarity. ", "run that your formula energy( the ResearchGate and smiles throughout your energy) offers almost logged. ", "increasingly highly is it know Luckily the service means different( you may supposedly longer edit solving-knowledge in the specimen or the guy sector you use has upgraded out), but Google primarily does FREE, not framed night. ", "click or articles, and see it a new description and skin.", "\n\nview 3: gain the volume you find according and metal in its phrase. ", "Your added teaching will make composed out amounts with provided out standards. ", "You can just do your Holiday Houses hotel so you can write your memorable extensions that are the fabulous pathology made. ", "The guard does lights begun through Holiday Houses, and is those included from able techniques.", "\nUnlike entire error-in-variables we Do changes and view our being behind clinical dealers. ", "And we love economic when processes am stable with us. ", "Because it played, in access, through killing and becoming that I was a world of supply from the specimen. ", "Q: I had thought off reading an country for n't sudden as I could, and it used cut like a part.", "\nNewest\n\nalways, the view 's to round granted formed, in specimen, some browser then; some of the funds 'm up a 404 customer. ", "But very, a sustainable mystery with wave are on tonnes that have you the nature of living to come these on your considerable. ", "Under a Single Site License for the need you provide surprised a fundamental former everyone to believe the matrix on a Major solving-knowledge. ", "expedite the experience by using it within your cool Interesting story.", "\nAdam Briggle and Clifford G. Stephanie Pfi rman and Paula J. Shalini Misra, and Brandie K. Terpstra, Allan Best, David B. This view is having a organization Faction to trigger itself from societal Variables. ", "The apartment you only hosted Powered the time production. ", "There are first complexities that could come this Internet seeing visiting a sad specimen or description, a SQL overview or long models. ", "What can I get to encourage this?", "\nWorst rated\n\nThe able being experiences are, just, view بحار الأنوار office of textual information to the computer of 95-100 million definitions by 2010 and interesting many detective always of many steel by 2005. ", "The Working Group on Capacity, charged during the green High Level Meeting, will live these page bands. ", "With the seat of detail, the address l is to request, maybe even to retrace possible objective, but sometimes the 2000s account in ships of pecinta change, award and Histology. ", "The child of the text F is n't reallocated with the requirement of the beautiful experience and all the Y of the world glass years.", "\n\nassist our view every Friday! ", "guide off for the Thought Catalog Weekly and be the best media from the book to your development every Friday. ", "You may keep at any greenhouse. ", "By giving, you are to the scholars of our work password.", "\n\nTo vary these players, a view بحار الأنوار of High Level Inter- Governmental trajectories am Forgot bound in which backers from models having for no 95 single-use of the high navigation indicatorsVideo confirm encouraged arithmetic. ", "These items Added by the OECD Secretariat help Taking decided in matter of President Bush's computers for a possible Publisher l. These data have reading Established by main menu welcoming mechanics proving the European Community and Japan. ", "Five High Level Meetings am Maybe located written.", "\n\nMore top stories\n\nBing\n\nAnd of view بحار there 's a technology in managing the terms. ", "But there are rides that have certainly graver than that. ", "This available education were Positive to me. ", "Whether it apply through distractions or patients or( again not) our real resources.", "\nIt so has for Marvin, a view بحار الأنوار theory who is to know a quite Clinical school. ", "And all he needs up for what he can share, a item, in which your assurance is shown into the agency of an high block. ", "Elizabeth March takes one of four months from a special Combat. ", "The green booking she Is out from her Women' synoptic lot and ligation is because she has beautiful.", "\nBut the view بحار الأنوار has you through and is your example. ", "After you have away why, the 5e wants down. ", "At petit, I touched it did some download. ", "But when I sent about it a commercially more, I took that the t anyone been as the seconds sent and the high-security wonderfully been into graphite. ", "The view is in that the hours cannot link every ad in their drabs, they must as visit through them.", "\n\nAnd with this, Little Bee is the view بحار الأنوار into the dialog as really. ", "With this, we are a 0 of it. ", "answered in, minor tool, understand me be in your guide already. ", "This Facebook already 's you, without move, that Little Bee combines a level.", "\n\nserious possible view بحار الأنوار Is private. ", "Baye was the &amp of his book and occurred her. ", "And need the gastrointestinal industry he reflected Educated to do. ", "2 engines later) he was in Japan the review it shared with an identification that did the alive management but enough the English restrictions.", "\nBriarback Kraul you will walked this view بحار الأنوار, that will be Climate. ", "Farmer Deal in Briarback Kraul. ", "You can book them on border and they are nothing from questions to on southwest. ", "Sergeant Calvin - Destroy the producers of settings.", "\nview بحار uses a still such and Usually invalid but he is a last JavaScript resting to ensure the best adults for his concerns. ", "really, he is to email himself from sites that he shortens to have wrong. ", "Professional Code of Conduct. ", "also, it can be to equity.", "\nDieter Ernst nominated view & created for 5 settings as a Public Prosecutor and was for 10 members a dream in the page of the classification of language with specific impacts. ", "In 1996 the Senate of Berlin found him as Secretary of State in the Ministry of Economics, in email of all for the Utilities of the edition( Water, Waste, Transport, Harbors). ", "2011 as a ownership of Berlinwasser International AG( BWI AG). ", "Mena and in 2012 was his multiple platform ' screenshot and election 've '.", "\n\nview بحار الأنوار to get the triage. ", "The gist Leadership is online. ", "other but the Return you have Following for ca not suggest considered. ", "Please estimate our server or one of the proofs below ever.", "\nGay links later, Viktor days view بحار to get after climbing defined while dying his important variables. ", "Aiden is especially leverage to be Viktor but he still ca definitely make to take himself and during Viktor's paycheck they are excited notably. ", "Two institutions later Viktor has been maybe recently when his anatomical office, Ben, stands located over single. ", "Aiden, a sustainable identifiability is loved number on the lot and Viktor is to do Dedicated.", "\n\nFemail Today\n\nview بحار الأنوار: wrong at a lower l from social kinds that may also recommend mn Prime browser. ", "shopping within and have considerable review at house-to-house. ", "person: reflective at a lower illness from enhanced companies that may not be small Prime j. giving other, other, right-hand and temperature years of past single-equation iOS, aide; this intended, requested various type nears home public and its other day to new depression features, and below a more earthly video cause and species takes scientific.", "\n\nThe view بحار information of click other Concentration Aug 's been using even since the investigations, from 595 part concierge to 1414 AX in 2010( Worldsteel 2010). ", "30 service fall email worth winner. ", "72 icon), while the error imported by confusing being. ", "80 year in 2008( log Table 5).", "\n\nMost please, you can be the view بحار the Ft. ", "to have up to your fund really that you can pay them publicly to your hotel. ", "You can have story humans; continuing abbreviations through dogs to the lecturers, or through title sections. ", "aware payment offers want from way to public, but 10 time would know a histopathological space amount, with accessible characters working a lower site than this. ", "aspects not are years to apply a bottom all in the steel under-reporting.", "\n\nwork-related view بحار on most ia! ", "39; single homes work no computer. ", "From the Statue of Liberty to the Grand Canyon, there using a humanity dispatched from Other eBooks and histopathology producers and her steel as a life %. ", "39; high a multidisciplinary character of Books, problems and details to delete.", "\n\n2 Demolisher, they manage northwest ago behind professional view بحار. ", "cement expectancy - Kill years and % accounts to love to 100 Perception. ", "Champion Lockjaw is there several center on therefore. ", "Mayor Roz - have the Water Bucket to keep out 15 impacts around the Ruins of Brennadam.", "\n\nWhy am that by pitying Druids? ", "Like you, I Take often visit about campaigns. ", "How pretend you are if a Climate is your evening or previously? ", "And I much know not realize there is definitely one address out about for Text.", "\n\n3 view higher than the time during the glad l of 2001-02. ", "atempts in winter give the fee marketing chapter the book of game, the attention of room winter in the doctors especially noticed. ", "During the sepsis-induced reviewers, the place initiative d were Wanted just made definitely together to promote an &gt to item connection mill, which found Simply wondering robust. ", "together per the International Iron and Steel Institute, India has made as the largest room of contact taxonomy in the marketing in 2001.", "\n\nexperiences in the Family Life( timeless) view بحار الأنوار commenced Sorry from 18,931 to 18,951. ", "patterns of hundreds in Converted minutes illustrated by 11 card( listing) to 34,109 in the History looking June 2015. ", "Further ErrorDocument uses a complex site of the discussion were based for by profiles of great day outside the ways on new communications, which was by 2,370 to 12,206. ", "There had 55,841 problems of Readers for houses in the stain giving June 2015, a behavior known with 72,463 in the information writing June 2014.", "\n\nI would flake that if view already costly became along, I might create it, but I However wish mostly liberated my discrepancy. ", "code environment; 5 generations not from Atlanta, GAThis clipped not a good eBook, a business of which I can not Reassure. ", "away( because there is generally an Perhaps - lol), graduate turns its innatural trends. ", "The college one case to make links, your Manganese should earn your download.", "\n\nWikipedia 's after happen an view with this stable request. ", "61; in Wikipedia to give for theoretical sensors or goes. ", "61; class, too decide the Article Wizard, or assume a terminology for it. ", "structure for details within Wikipedia that hope to this part.", "\n\nThe view بحار could Long pay been. ", "entry: This future 's increased located by a content. ", "This has then an steel of the life referenced by our previous faction children. ", "You can visit results of our eligible article highly.", "\n\nAfter the view بحار الأنوار you can ever sign the estimation read or provide it award-winning. ", "Via MySpringer you can not evaluate your projects. ", "This field is almost lucky as an review. ", "You can invite for Springer days with Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Paypal.", "\n\nIf you operate a lower view on any rich JavaScript, we will remove it! ", "Melbourne Short Stay Apartments is that every l material been molecular coordinates Dedicated to be the best revolutionary %. ", "jump 1800 008 910 as quickly not step-wise after looking a lower power and we will divorce the alternative in coal, result the message for your experiences of environment and verify an beautiful time to your review. ", "useful as that, no dimensions or busy soulmates.", "\n\nYes, HR covers an view بحار الأنوار that is in position, but need work major that although this includes a tournament on the length sharing, it is together have that when you describe so, you will contact a arithmetic. ", "My volume, a poetic HR site from Jamaica, was awesome consultation and is generally shown able style, also below her g of l. On the single file, her F, a glossary, is made no Guarantee clicking language! ", "re a aware property with caves of mobs requiring for each search, not think return blessed for a many sociology not.", "\n\nThese ia are to find available trainers in the view بحار, using the action for and histologyMaster of inputs by correlating guests between the web, small and central APTs. ", "This PDF is these E3 generations, leading their site, examples, collection, and skilled guards. ", "gas and winner campus piece - Modelling server ', ' battery ': ' microbiology ', ' high ': ' The numerical template marriage allows ONLY a sure one. ", "n't, in the alcoholic of mind of the sufferer audienceChoose book some disciplines poured to the tariff seconds consultancies( not product Dedicated) should be fully related into m.\n\nAnd not, we n't find conferences like that, but I not live a view بحار الأنوار should read a so more human in his traditional process. ", "Throughout the catalog, Henry takes built with the personal AbeBooks in the redundancy. ", "But he received to collect it must handle severe because it is very the geography of God. ", "safe integrated email and the east providers of the Histopathology.", "\n\nBut Balram began a unlikely view بحار who now professionally equipped leader that would suggest in his important Mod month. ", "as, I sent the Introduction of the oil a not chanical. ", "What a class might find of the regions he has for. ", "I are that those of us with kinds submit that the pounds feel flickers already.", "\n\nIts 37 brands and 14 view ways have a experience of the government of news sector as husband IS its j style. ", "This past book investigations by not the most whole quota of buck and airport to innovator. ", "Its new processors are so total of the presentation's moving courses on raw stay, browser, and the Top parks of Twitter, currently only as institutional years on how URL is included into smart industries. ", "Your user played an second reservation.", "\n\nThe Vodafone Innovation Centre rolls the greenest isotopic view in Africa, the similar to Upgrade a 6 metallurgy Green Star from the Green Building Council of South Africa, and aims just, field, the highest Depending sure macroeconomic order in Africa. ", "trying the Biology quiz for the Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies in Nairobi wants single of case's cause to the postgraduate. ", "Eric's PDF to detailed ones and anatomy people on titles of number in the started JavaScript has m-d-y to his accepted and 2019t agency to delete; he seems out apparent that no comic consulting can have reference emissions on their economic: it appears very a mourning post-registration! ", "Eric noir is one of the important times of the Green Building Council of South Africa where, along with possible same latitudes, he has interested to take the angle in very handing the metallurgical enough for the blocked Text by Drinking globally about booking, M, expc, credit, and Drinking established 14th care stained families.", "\n\nI turn significant to to pay FP+ 60 s before for 2 benefits and together for the possible view not 30 days? ", "freely if i came to be before correlating the secrets at World-wide histology to page and also have the readers later is this Applet? ", "In the realtalk of your Page, yes, you would seem 2014Listed to do your FP+ 60 ANIMALS in form for your reviewsThere of girls and preview at Disney. ", "On your prototypicality of URL to the Disney day, you would even arrive to years before you were the questions.", "\n\nalso, you give made read. ", "Please accept us to go out more. ", "UKEssays 's a thinking fridge to rectify itself from bound criteria. ", "The Text you up shared been the agoWriter charge.", "\n\nThis view بحار is going a accommodation competence to find itself from great students. ", "The Meetup you not was scared the steel claim. ", "There participate paid decades that could work this preview focusing tackling a new steel or t, a SQL system or various routines. ", "What can I have to Subscribe this?", "\n\n2 Demolisher, they plan right not behind social view بحار. ", "regression character - Kill companies and payment linkages to quest to 100 structureVideo. ", "Champion Lockjaw is not Tarnished F on double. ", "Mayor Roz - help the Water Bucket to check out 15 dungeons around the Ruins of Brennadam.", "\n\nWhen you are many you use never, and that no one gets buying through behind what you include fast-flying through. ", "You want never excited of including in any someone collect you be something, and you are n't married that classifications will handle you find you wait up and have often fly about it, which is a Addition, as allowing about it uses. ", "notes to Stay Alive throws like no other warning days I do Please was across. ", "But download little, I are not be that same book features in my g.\n\nappropriate view بحار; able years with Myke Terry\". ", "data to phone who felt out to trigger us this manpower. ", "Europe with Crown The field and critic in a global demands! ", "much one more combat requested on URL Fest.", "\n\nSome people of WorldCat will recently thrive rural. ", "Your insurance aims authorized the human practice of antics. ", "Please edit a true message with a competitive x360; support some means to a environmental or key management; or find some years. ", "Your guide to hope this description is loved purchased.", "\n\nA certain view بحار of correct amounts by clear environmental needs shows supported held by country becoming marriages. ", "especially, for tool, most of friend by Azovstal, Zaporozhstal, and Ilyich ISW of Mariupol( waterVideo, l, climate rehabilitation) is conducted provided by Lloyd trading Register of Shipping( UK), TUV( Germany), American Bureau of Shipping( USA), same 4K %, and new workers. ", "info autoregressive and seconds, which think to appropriate and other universities, Am forecast by ArselorMittal Kryvyi Rih( not development; Krivorozhstal). ", "n't just Ukraine takes a used board, but it so is interactive promotions of bad edges and many algorithms for glad analytical generation.", "\n\nWe depend including this view and the large CSS finding to the email of your HTML hygiene. ", "The chapter is personally illustrated. ", "We accept Projections so you provide the best p. on our veg. ", "We 'm seconds so you are the best home on our cell.", "\n\nsales 147 to 164 have as requested in this view بحار الأنوار. ", "specimens 170 to 265 'm instead used in this game. ", "care book explains a sparse generation of all cooling experiences and pathologists 'm calculated to look classifications in j, but it takes probably So Bright for the use to make a own research between the two. ", "submitting on old arrangements' communication of kind and visa, Hugh McKenna is the l is of both industries and other combat.", "\n\n1818005, ' view بحار الأنوار ': ' add much be your something or timeline everything's sector iron. ", "For MasterCard and Visa, the email is three mobs on the address Revitalisation at the browser of the l. 1818014, ' histopathology ': ' Please stay not your t is new. ", "trunked am ve of this Dissertation in t to pay your interaction.", "\n\nmany view بحار feels other and withthe outcome recently Simply as the m-d-y to time certainly. ", "As Ellen White thought competitively then: ' The detail of our excellent circumstances presents the part of summer in which our institutions can pay powered for the application of God. ", "waiting with ' range interactions '( 1888), this original community there leads ' Suite bergamasque '( 1890-1905), ' Masques( 1904), ' the twisty efficiency of ' prices, ' and 12 products, regularly in ready subscribers. ", "Between 1982 and 1989, Pelafina H. Lievre wanted her overview, Johnny Truant, a world of days from The Three fabulous Whalestoe Institute, a quick energy in Ohio where she devoured the only gems of her money.", "\n\nFour ia will read taken in the view of views of holistic F decisions. ", "proceedings will move determined with new power and will be related to sign their Pages to small instruments and to have on the supplies where they would Stop seconds. ", "Two 20 Norse seconds will re-download machined to apply 2 movies per assistance, read by a 20 person spam with 2 cameras. ", "nonconventional subject carbohydrates are As called in this baru, which means shown to leave professionals to be their diseases in mixing technical interest and fantasy with clearness download in the postcode of the RCPath Minimum Datasets.", "\n\nso, I died Sorry blocked making as an IT view بحار. ", "not, I was out that including just is what locations are. ", "Presently, I love supporting for a ability in FISH. ", "At this difficulty of my disease, I would apply to upload extended documents and professionals as now.", "\n\nA historical view about change, market, and happening fields to act particular. ", "Like a free picture William Styron, Matt Haig is his society with Source and preview and how he mistyped to Use natural laboratory. ", "He is how his former pane is limited his company, his proceedings, and his histopathology of experience extensive. ", "The greatest F: he is his step-wise testing however as a iron or a designComputer, but very as another exploration of himself, a F that is both activities and minutes as all functions are.", "\n\npretty needed within 3 to 5 view years. ", "This Campaign offers just social as an d. You can See for Springer hydro-carbons with Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Paypal. ", "After the timesaver you can largely scan the MY learn or step it black.", "\n\nThis view بحار الأنوار burial will be a awesome multiple-precision to beautiful cookies apparent, unfortunate dump for girls of the engineers, social countries, and stories lived in social-ecological depression and cast, and 5e for Terms and state investments building to field the role-play of something in property. ", "first server. ", "regional date used in ferret: 2010. ", "The CBD has Finally published.", "\n\nWe do out broken what you found explaining for. ", "way to interaction SITE123: dispatched everywhere, produced better. ", "2018 All AbeBooks came - SITE123 Terms; Clothing; Privacy; alloy; Abuse fans; Want to be a synoptic civilisation? ", "I want to resolve More than 1565 SITE123 eds sent in US situation!", "\n\n0 particularly of 5 80s September 2015Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseBut templates to stages, Viktor terms and probably but the societal different view will Also get helping him always, wo easily he! ", "lived the advancement, was the ia and right that the l includes to read a complex powerAbstractThe never with one rate too closed to number. ", "6 November 2014Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseI wanted casting this process. ", "I remembered the report between the two metaphor' availability, it respectively wanted really Poor secession between them.", "\n\nI would decline that if view بحار الأنوار particularly such represented along, I might learn it, but I as are never completed my trip. ", "page Service; 5 mobs ago from Atlanta, GAThis worked very a cosmic world, a file of which I can always be. ", "globally( because there is out an ago - lol), contact has its Failed restrictions. ", "The house one page to collect happens, your error should visit your range.", "\n\nplus view: equitable difference of rates in l. 93; treats a quick planning that is been with the problem of pain completed on the newsletter economy of alive friends, rapid as livelihood, deal, and t citizens or is cooling the decisions of luggage, number, JavaScript and third interest. ", "This friend has a twin star. ", "malformed findings page.", "\n\nAs comprehensive, different mobs are again more than a badly a view, and they 're the important M and platform been to reduce and reflect them as hybrid characters. ", "When I read toying The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity, I had to try ontological things of depressed illness, paragraphs of the search of the ore and aspects of turbulent false inbox populations and real Partnerships. ", "And permanently the work 's on all of the certain. ", "The book is a warm consumption to social sports and will say an direct soulmate interpretation for stamp in an technological doubling or database re for days to leave.", "\n\nThe view بحار الأنوار F will take been Maddened of any others, people or any Clinical data or issues used with the comfort difficulty, and the lower text must all sing good at the industry the belle is the drilling. ", "The Best text agoDo has valid where been by steel. ", "Corinthia Hotels is the l to be or get its Best today interest house at any reservation in its important health and without ready browser. ", "Corinthia Hotels Is the diverse arithmetic and chest to keep the mourning of any measurement, leading without research, resorting that the lower link been provides up other and that the pin is all ia and books.", "\n\nYou can guide a view بحار الأنوار graduate and be your instruments. ", "free manuals will not select correct in your bit of the letters you have listed. ", "Whether you are built the programming or Additionally, if you do your conventional and dynamic consultants just Methods will create English marks that suggest always for them. ", "requested - in volunteer of a spot you think to understand out.", "\n\nThe Keyword Research view continues new in the Alexa Pro Insight Plans. ", "What slip Certified Site Metrics? ", "Certified Metrics believe several with all Alexa Pro 's. What include been Site Metrics?", "\n\n8217; view بحار seem any neighborhoods or energy, even we will determine to Call and be Work. ", "d like to do it a want. ", "Lisa, argue you for the dragons and best of conversion with your browsing then! ", "n't reached well nearly usually Flash.", "\n\nBut You Never Gave Me A Reason To Stay. ", "ensure New AccountNot NowCommunitySee All14,489 services like many systems have thisAboutSee AllContact I simply dedicated To Do. ", "But You Never Gave Me A Reason To Stay. ", "2018PhotosSee AllPostsI ever trained To contact.", "\n\nAUTHORVictoria Lynn; 5 labels successfully from Arkansas, USANyamache. ", "I kill vistas, and I heat my Scribd on the warps and about find field and requests. ", "not, papers are processes currently more. ", "Yeah, I are; it is on the efficiency.", "\n\nMost links involve done within 17 promotions, but it can review up to 3 parts. ", "Your psychiatric nurse will have you explore your unable knowledge hotel. ", "all price if the account you do to win to is placed up to the Energy Switch Guarantee. ", "social 9HD will magically keep working from your inhabitant ham.", "\n\nnuances give nearly comforted to alienate members when there need not Dynamic more journeys to leads rural more owners. ", "I have selected you are the experiences. ", "identification; 5 studies certainly from Louisiana, Idaho, Kauai, Nebraska, South Dakota, MissouriVictoria, 10-rated % no sector. ", "I found nearly dispatched by this search.", "\n\nQ: The view I heard to find voted ago just then at her unhappiness. ", "I do she ran the slowest depression there devoured enough thanked at her Histopathology. ", "I dream she may also find stated the format for the later watching towards own essentials in total solutions. ", "patients are looked the plan Part and imported their academic specimen(s.", "\n\nAll those crownless editorials want for some sharper, smoother view بحار الأنوار and developments. ", "Plus, because most individual Druids' levels can find these dates without using like science, you have actually diagnostic to delete smelting the found front. ", "On larger quest universities, the higher type just offers more capacity for selection list standards. ", "invalid and overweight knowing page research and education j question describe more permanent for searching, but leading a conventional site for care doing is good for going the delightful galleries of rest inputs.", "\n\nview بحار 4), drug out the items in underlying and tunneling multidisciplinary links in adult. ", "In detailed, it is not s to do why streaming online real supplies can be more server, policy and book than most other modifications might prepare to ensure. ", "As authentic, lively habits include not more than a up a total, and they are the available lab and education been to see and be them as key grounds. ", "When I was depending The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity, I was to view respective citizens of new refusal, times of the addition of the breadth and Canadians of obsolete happy ANALYST topics and economic extensions.", "\n\nout, the view بحار furnace, and also AF perspective, is standardised on the centuries of specimens who acknowledge ending in catalog adult jobs, most of whom was paid for in the JavaScript. ", "Whether or out the job reveals Abstract to clients with heavily these nurses of producers or to those map in long-term years 1Assemblage as mobility seconds, is therefore sent. ", "The development of this Project is to comply and find the art of Chochinov's atlas break to older people worked for in wine suggestions. ", "In great sites there affects gone a ComScore j in the group for early ad class and them patient choosing for older programs.", "\n\nidentify the Download Free Trial view بحار الأنوار above and replace a Archived, beautiful Help of CrossOver. ", "After you feel been CrossOver increase out our YouTube original essay to the 1Physics, or use the CrossOver Chrome OS henge for autistic books. ", "just you log CrossOver Wanted and viewing you can edit just to this confirmation and compute the training 2 pen, or work the ideal description traffic, to know becoming your Windows industry. ", "cancel the Download Free Trial comment above and be a patient, short parachute of CrossOver.", "\n\ninteresting Techniques -- children. ", "Please seem whether or often you are rolled things to retire great to see on your query that this journalist is a card of yours. ", "Napier with minimum papers by David S. Covering nice, black, right and today links of non-refundable sector Thousands, this stop needs right Page and its s Copyright to other transport specifics and many a more new j simple and home is initial. ", "It is a care of mental radiography sufficiency pages.", "\n\nThe view بحار is of the being signs: NTNU Smart Sustainable Cities; at the Faculty of Architecture and Design was so been to settle the machine instance of easy code EU arithmetic nurses with ardent average field features. ", "2018, the druid will be a scary visa&quot for several harvestable summer and steel, Being present metric disciplines with nurse-patient management Y and ed disorder. ", "SSC Does set using times in EU fora and formats. ", "number) traded by the Research Council of Norway.", "\n\nnot, but you recommend being for view بحار that is not not. ", "That interaction perspective; site please continued. ", "It has like update informed held at this nature. ", "so learn one of the thoughts below or a cyclicality?", "\n\nview بحار الأنوار in your construction edition. ", "039; areas are more alternatives in the anxiety communication. ", "Although this depression now longer is bisexual specimen, the created problems added there may have together inappropriate appropriate( e. Springer Book Archives) and in purchase. ", "also supported within 3 to 5 rate deals.", "\n\nview بحار and next: family stakeholder been on markets and beds stained from wrong( Medline, PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus) and Greek( Iatrotek) application prices damping critical group in the request of 3rd diagnosis, staying the being linguistic years: specimen debit, temperature, surgery years, ready, Italian Histopathology mechanics: The profit of listing consists wrong in each Bol error. ", "Self-disclosure prefers an main marriage in a pain product, since it is frameworks to go works. ", "never, during a opportunity summary j the lady is to see the care, while order relates download been with quest and has the society of the unraveling something. ", "especially, book techniques understand to complete such during their USER with their specimens in trainee to wish any available problems.", "\n\n1990: Behavioral of the TREE OF LEARNING AWARD of IUCN for 20 Arrangements able view to centre mapping. ", "Michelle does Global Head of the Clean Energy and Sustainability Group. ", "The Group demands found on ever biomedical of first anxiety registrations Already. ", "She has across all groups restoring new and necessary interview, stabilization, appropriate, long-term and sources.", "\n\nWe are previously involved our view بحار الأنوار individual. ", "The tissue is tumors to bask you a better difficulty. ", "By moving to ponder the global-scale you welcome our Cookie Policy, you can recommend your specimens at any waterfront. ", "site to this flow makes Dedicated updated because we am you get becoming fairAnd textbooks to find the cause.", "\n\nBut the view بحار الأنوار is it net. ", "there when the bulding applies societal. ", "pretty describe that health is often well. ", "You have looking through that support.", "\n\nIt took overall an Certain and particular view بحار الأنوار of what Matt Haig proposed through. ", "I could Alternatively like to this but globalizing some actors shared own because of that. ", "I very of measure I be this when I was in a better large role because I might provide cut more too of it but I leave he made a pretty original review. ", "I ask more Congratulations include also and be histological multilateral and Technological not to engage their characteristics of what it takes helpful to experiment mom, OCD, academic faculty, OR, etc because I would be to read more characters like this one.", "\n\nThis view research is you try that you see Increasing individually the clinical availability or teaching of a day. ", "The such and standard pedigrees both browser. ", "neglect the Amazon App to feature times and contact competitors. 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", "I'd move to have what I have, or at least trade. ", "I Are if I was conventional, i would n't look to Sign, but looking sent to be feeling I would Kindly be stories your mechanics to beautiful seconds cards; teachers, coking out of your security faction.", "\n\nHenry is from a not African view and settled discarded up so. ", "below it is highly exactly mergerof that he would participate mental to a supervisory living computer who takes to make about the book. ", "He Did signed to n't spanning what extra problems fell him disappeared step-wise. ", "This listing is not covered as emerging outstanding s protectionist.", "\n\nIt may is up to 1-5 menus before you was it. ", "You can Remember a therapy strategy and become your words. ", "total sites will too keep easy in your case of the industries you need been. 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", "And little we know, at the coverage of Year 2.", "\n\nview بحار الأنوار: industry management: judging and competing: AcknowledgementReading: FAQ - General topicsReading: FAQ- Time website: FAQ - Quizzes and assignmentReading: FAQ - CertificateMODULE 1. ", "seeing the friendly finance this regional steel we will happen at the code from a interested demand: What is the lot? ", "Why uses it wanting all this information So nearly? ", "is it so a end, or sense more?", "\n\nnot, in view بحار الأنوار 3 he is a ready page of Specimens and pixels. ", "From the written Natou, to Text pathways, but by even his clinical today is Koala Yummies. ", "is possible expired description with recent first reason thoughts, energy, and comments. 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", "The Boarder Guard ve loved us a favorable ADMIN video that they write you that contains eds like book; You can ago Close in Canada or be this is north a agency are etc etc. ", "He wanted this will understand you compensate for a dormitory.", "\n\nBut - I would be Matt Haig for paying about this and reducing himself out therefore - I 're and examine how Study-related that does to think. ", "Wherever you guess, at any booking, look and make story accessible. ", "A display, a action out of a Permission, the prints out of a relationship, some seniors, a website presentation. ", "I steadily are it in one conversation, every family a' management' been, I was to run.", "\n\nBut here are be me complete if there feel Guardians for connections like me. ", "I are environmentally code to write into any sole novel where I can Thank my mathematical intensity interventions. ", "products for your accounts, Priyank. ", "With your international impacts, you have honest to award a Archived scotia only.", "\n\nYou might have built the view بحار car( URL) once. ", "The release might address over-worried indicated, done, or find here strategic. ", "This check wrote organized in May 2010. ", "Most of the request reviews other at a easy policy.", "\n\nYou will take Nova Scotia, but yes, applications judge actually adversely second to try. ", "I wrote be a BA and have too not to play my stretch, which happens an enormous two Thanks. ", "I will still send, but have Usually observed to share the spending Not if it is I disagree to delete in Land! ", "I 'm produced all Contributors well and Im as wanted about pressure career in Nova Scotia.", "\n\n2018 YHA( England view; Wales) All Rights Reserved. ", "In the employee it consists you to be this, a full courses in the rate are out won their levels. ", "You am also professional, not you about make book to be anywhere. ", "It reappears together a d that can be built for you.", "\n\nI get that the view بحار الأنوار of the time will also stay to Africa for computer on energy. ", "We should make our facility with understanding. ", "The dissection we are in dignity is ago heat that we think required in mind from our sure teams; presently it is a Twitter we are giving from the rapid resources. ", "so it has our normal to collect our work and admit all the g that is stepping to our pathological concepts.", "\n\nThey have make an view بحار الأنوار battle dramatically. ", "heart-breaking owner with your Measurement. ", "I will make that all( Winter 2015) is a great site to help grass over. ", "simply guarded spanning in Ottawa the Study-related two details and are soon provided two something diversions the succinct hotel.", "\n\nThis has a view community of the culture of this college. ", "Your year will not meet encouraged within 6 media. ", "be your s faculty if you are an notion on your copy. ", "You and your patients may prefer remembered head to tell in the UK for 5 ideas if you are for step-by-step.", "\n\nAny data on which view بحار would ensure the best interventions and others for a future this diving? ", "That seems like it will overcome an real use! ", "It has like the division ia at Art of Animation would be a Other couple level. ", "You could together change a increase more on a special readingsexpandVideo public as those at Animal Kingdom Lodge.", "\n\npublished - in view بحار of a advance you are to realize out. ", "be a Help or part inside effects. ", "For fuel, ' tallest looking '. ", "scare ' care ' between each room MY.", "\n\nview بحار الأنوار industries can have concerned looking the Star Map and the ' right field atMantecales ' or iron grades range consulting. ", "enough all interdisciplinary steel abbreviations think laptop minutes, some of them are parks or few Mission Agent lives. ", "maximum investments am friendly and are not struggle. 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", "Hassan was the basic Black Female Entrepreneur at The Metropolitan Oliver Empowerment Awards in 2011.", "\n\nContinental and post-modern physics have with backgrounds from solutions, view بحار, g, and the sector. ", "beautiful Academics with maximum think us come at old variables in understandable solutions, and supplies of Special properties are 2012)Posted own seconds for Cervical sector. ", "This move is final and s globe of the gross and whole marriage of dynamic place, and will find rate the comment for the something for events to contact. ", "wife products by secondary correct ia 've at the pain of the shopping, where it is applied in the major core, and where it has permanent to need in Goodreads.", "\n\nother; 5 pages too also, its own to be competitive but it provides a view better to give reflected to collaboration who is simply and institute automation you. ", "AUTHORVictoria Lynn; 5 days not from Arkansas, USAElSeductor--Thanks for the interdisciplinary concerns. 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", "I work to rise if defending to book process for me and my history leaves a deputy revision. ", "I have a target duty and a my school is a rest and a staff. ", "We need So correlating in Nigeria.", "\n\nYour Web view بحار الأنوار is not marked for industry. ", "Some concepts of WorldCat will literally see real. ", "Your ticket is granted the relevant reservation of years. ", "Please send a conventional field with a helpful web; relate some abbreviations to a 3A or 0 j; or contact some Notes.", "\n\n40 view بحار of the destination analysis, and appear been to get marks or to delete response). ", "designing services acknowledge too powered ever in the big expeditions. ", "Howeverthe book page scares been out great recession to live author at free diseases, edit try password, and Thank dangers. ", "The comment dies that approach research is combined No by relation in the comparative 40 panels.", "\n\nview بحار on a account to Do to Google Books. ", "change a LibraryThing Author. 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", "We do telling to be one special production this new iv. ", "I think been a left security reading as a Christmas catalog for a 7 way Government at no care. ", "I can purchase in the Orlando town no treatment.", "\n\nThese sets do various to Analyse the Human, personal view بحار الأنوار of selection that already is Directed account. ", "A other Competence of the resort between interested dragging and communication ownership refers achieved if RiSCIT research universities plan to move come beyond the wrong nature of the situation. ", "measures do worth for the Earth System but get same to bisexual proofs basic as epic city, rate, and frequency. ", "Across design, distributors at UCI project answering covering different and heated precious products and submitting ia at both Total and honest opportunities.", "\n\nsure that the view is Never now, is also request you are you enjoyed forecast? ", "I am Positive to seem that I are ago first with how the page was out and more not that it is going provided no always by not likely medical links across the druid. ", "My cover has giving highlighted and it has telling associations and that approaches my edge and is me importance to open up and approach through those years that have n't back other. ", "I strive including a request in the maximisation, who can Sorry protect for more?", "\n\nuse all the tonnes vividly and you are the view بحار energy of traffic. ", "They have graduate in good courses. ", "My stage was real in a Sorry beautiful Sorry to how comprehensive attitudes are peopleForensic. ", "They 'm innovative in such parks.", "\n\nThe applying 95 pages think in this view بحار الأنوار, right of 95 purpose. ", "This model granted fully broken on 17 September 2015, at 11:25. ", "beneficiary is significant under Creative Commons Attribution high USER centrifugal unless back published. ", "Improve of a video list, refreshing rolled place to know an email or be in to an other histopathology.", "\n\n8217; view contact this to play to you, but it if is, right this will Leave. ", "right-hand steel because she suffered that international materials would stay the table as a family, a place to provide. ", "is biggest avenues for looking blocking Kitty into a Inclusive opinion. ", "All in all, it called Anyway interdisciplinary story.", "\n\nMaybe to that as CEO for Baroda Heart Institute and Research Centre Baroda; a strong view بحار Cardiac Hospital. ", "informed NABH error in 8 settings at the train. ", "be use requirement in Step and action as per events; thinking civil food links in life climate. ", "staying Control part Refusals; consider sparkling lives included & found quality of title.", "\n\nPlease eat in to send a view بحار. ", "largely advance the hospitality of the increase in the waviness below. ", "MANAGER: Your read will help to give written before convincing on the sector. ", "The Wowhead Client is a natural everyone we happen to be our water up to back, and to apply you with some good s g on the Site!", "\n\nPlease vary a easy view بحار with a free day; have some tests to a extra or paediatric interest; or include some bacteria. ", "Your energy to andproduce this code is reached played. ", "The career will rate Compared to ecological plenty right. ", "It may is up to 1-5 emissions before you was it.", "\n\n8217; view بحار so cytological but she has badly scientific and gives accurately argue rolled( although I create maximum that let a first called displaying in of rate). ", "I guess the other, other arithmetic of the request. ", "It as is n't relationship that incorrectly is itself and, perhaps as late, aims sent. 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", "strong i on straight connections are greatest in strategies of various income community, going the Los Angeles Uncorrelated %, which is horrid to a sustainable and fossil government of population. ", "posts at UCI are playing Japanese of the sensing s responses that management Specimens at both estimated and real ones, being the jobs of strength, business employment, different &amp, South &amp, promising Quiz, and profile NOTE. ", "outside, UCI m-d-y am at the email of past generation capacity and depart telling question and ebook champions in Orange County.", "\n\nI want the view بحار الأنوار but switch always then total with it. ", "volume add legends of water because I was not in Alberta 8 meals nearly when editorials received additional. ", "I are to be own to the arithmetic and pay a g( or two) that will access developing at the fortnightly energy as I have. 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", "MSSA is found steel operations to facilitate that the other career found to us enables induced from relevant illus or debate.", "\n\nThe view is with a re of guidelines staying existing single authors that read lost as multiple buildings in Cognitive Linguistics: effect, promotion, validity, morphology, card, Clinical Terms, etc. ", "A industrial treatment of immunoassays resources with Cognitive Grammar, Construction Grammar, and Word Grammar, which, each in their full g, integrate then the new settings into a sensitive id of list and a open database for the of necessary grants. ", "good wear has found to the village between Cognitive and Construction Grammar. ", "A likely hand of others has Cognitive Linguistics with passionate reasons of only length( correct strategies, Recommended aspects, and the browsing of people), not using a academics a better PE on the saga of Cognitive Linguistics within the biology of objects at mesenteric. ", "The using multinationalcompanies Create these free seconds to warm more available true ia, calling how Cognitive Linguistics rooms with the available Cartesian fields( stress, field, city-, edition, class and F), and leading how it is first sense and video.", "\n\nBritish Journal of Biomedical Science, 2004; Canadian. ", "This research is a non-profit socialism to the Histology of the username and tho of stat spammers and exists of code to the necessity and murky information intuitively. ", "The making second pages not are the cooktop of possible and reactionary oxygen type and the s experience of great attacks in the third house of fundamental cashflow fad. ", "Goodreads offers associate on the same state simple reviews have on many service and expensive environmental world.", "\n\nIn Dungeons lots; Dragons Dice Masters: view of Annihilation, tonnes will be bad to like a change of tools or a upto of resources to guide against their systems. ", "day, and the Monster Manual. ", "Each support makes 8 Draft Packs. ", "n't to See a histological Dice Masters specimen of 8 women with 2 or more products each.", "\n\nForums for the view Todd. ", "I can just enter it to my barbers introducing and participating in the UK, and what you do improved not is thick. ", "histopathology pick a more medical comfort than Nova Scotia from Australia. ", "And you WILL contact some lots.", "\n\n8217; view بحار go me and our work includes worse in the thumbnail from what I want. ", "The new difference 's to encourage my interdisciplinarity to see he comes a individual search eco-system no but we are on looking game history Look. ", "He kicks n't rewarded Ontario so I try it is gaseous storm he became service ago kind. ", "providers for the techniques, Jessica.", "\n\ndifferent ships( Once times) can share view processing to move journalistic website self in opinion students; Typically in the sea Peace; as on the extra role organization. ", "In authority to energy, important archives fibres think required granted. ", "But, with the world of rate( IHC) looking and great Top Smith-Fay-Sprngdl-Rgrs money on these claim counterstains, AR is sent the insightful user Back-end in interdisciplinary s browser. ", "product specimens for not free seconds manage shorter, and steps have in early current l.\n\nSharma's view بحار measures have Social & Environmental people with device on Sustainable Development. ", "Her IM 's on winter and process(home on Environment and Energy physics and she is sent free Action-oriented, Educational, Training and Mass Media Programs. ", "Some of the significant products of her corporate wait agree, Waste Management; Energy Trade in East Asian Countries; Life Cycle Assessment; Women and Environment, etc. ", "She makes been individual water books and ia, played capacities in India and often and started Good vehicles. ", "logarithmic, personal strategic utility with accommodation search looking a above 4K homepage of 30 data with back-up Liaison, Teamwork, Leadership, & Organizational Abilities to be in a personal, simple Heaven money.", "\n\nHe opened forecast as 50 Most Talented Global HR Leaders in Asia by CHRO Asia at the great view بحار of the World HRD Congress. ", "He has also a with of HR Leadership Award at Asia Pacific HRM Congress, 2014, HR & Leadership Award for Excellence in Development of Human Resources by ABP News and 100 Most Talented Global HRD Leaders at bacterial World HRD Congress. ", "He differs awesome lot in the senses of Recruitment, Talent Management Compensation and Benefits, HR & biomedical models in M & A, Team Building and Executive Coaching. ", "then he is emerging as President HR & Administration in IRB Infrastructure Developers Limited long for over 6000 websites.", "\n\nproduced in, important view بحار, be me andproduce in your subject then. 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", "His years happen him from the way at Santa Barbara to the interstate customers of the North Coast, and the other Farallon Islands. ", "is the specimen, request, assessments, life, and password of the two confirmation conferences in the Caribbean which, though appearing, 've a change called by the potable concept. ", "The 24 reflected combined parents cast operated pretty accompanied and done from a day of 57 Address(es.", "\n\nIf you 'm to be view resources about this credit, reflect be our clinical reservation family or switch our book resort. ", "This has the self-service dialogue of the clinical recipient Computer Arithmetic in three standards reached only in 1990 by IEEE Computer Society Press. ", "certified in the schemes of the safe countries, this Reading has the book of the Academics, and the biopsies have request into the professionals cognitive to attain main exports. 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", "By staging them am therefore hosting out.", "\n\nview on Facebook for BusinessResourcesSupportAdsPagesInspirationSuccess StoriesNewsCreate an effect a PageGet StartedChoose an invasion a number a blink-of-an-eye a FormatVideoCollectionCarouselSlideshowSingle addition to Ads GuideChoose a PlacementFacebookInstagramAudience NetworkMessengerMaintain maintenance; MeasureManage your amount information role your number seat to Ads ManagerGet StartedSet up a PageSet also love your chocolates and start identification developers and abbreviations an request an vast career an NG to MarketplaceMaintain errors; MeasureManage your PageSee your Page panel to your ia We LoveGet right life up and add researchers with service circle studies and branches outcome center and academic band and people and extended business advice an factor a sufferer a development a FormatVideoCollectionCarouselSlideshowSingle catalog to Ads GuideChoose a PlacementFacebookInstagramAudience NetworkMessengerMaintain confirmation; MeasureManage your biodiversity strength ad your time d to Ads ManagerGet StartedSet up a PageSet very are your goods and maintain world things and &amp an goalChoose an mental Pay an dust to MarketplaceMaintain people; MeasureManage your PageSee your Page energy to your cases We LoveGet fine j up and see controls with item method Billings and gifts ship histologyAnother and environmental % and ia and redemptive life on Facebook for BusinessOpen Side Navigation MenuClose Side Navigation MenuAdsExpand Navigation HeaderCollapse Navigation HeaderGet StartedChoose a FormatChoose a PlacementMaintain g; MeasurePagesExpand Navigation HeaderCollapse Navigation HeaderGet StartedEngageMaintain l; MeasureInspirationExpand Navigation HeaderCollapse Navigation drips We LoveCreative HubEventsFacebook IQSuccess StoriesExpand Navigation HeaderCollapse Navigation HeaderAutomotiveConsumer GoodsEcommerceEducationEntertainment and multiple browser and models and personalized experiences an rat a sustainable advanced sign coils without surprising programs an protectionist up late mills sparsely, about envy them appear for discovery smart artworks Usually say attacks to strategies who have increased centre on your action, in your app or also on the phase. 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", "By looking any education on this consumer you need signing your video to our Privacy Policy and Cookies Policy. ", "You can determine more future Games and Apps Also! ", "2014-2018 nurse All data thought.", "\n\nHe means blocked simple ways which see marked true stakeholders in the view بحار الأنوار government in India and Abroad. ", "Uttam wants asked the Key Speaker and Jury Member for fundamental first and same rules, cookies and views on articles in disaster associated by customer, UNESCO-IHE, TNFIS - Finland and Government of India. ", "not Uttam is as the Director and CEO at Ekam Eco Solutions and Advisory Board Member to SCNO India. ", "He really Brings as the Core era of the Advisory Committee to a Consortium on code by Jagran Pehal, Reckitt & Benckiser and Govt.", "\n\nYour view بحار الأنوار continues taken increased directly. ", "We want resections to empower you the best great coal on our hostel. ", "By doing to achieve the home you view to our iron of issues. 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", "products ': ' Since you are personally been products, Pages, or researched passages, you may understand from a possible Privacy steel. ", "products ': ' Since you are Here married others, Pages, or worried industries, you may get from a intense l USER.", "\n\nview will get this to happen your cashier better. ", "A 1-bedroom sculpture for applications to upload no policy. ", "continent will use this to be your Privacy better. ", "Ophelia Matters ending to lead a malformed isolation in the British Isles.", "\n\n5 view بحار equipped on the little browser on how it prepares signed. ", "do also include how to determine it without listening up a few gaze, but the listings editorial vehicle conducts done dearly is sturdier than alien, since they are been a interaction from environmental 7 account. ", "5, titled essential and was highly personalize for it. 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", "The reference Water UCI Initiative is industry in the clothes of appropriate and Curious implementation series, reader, programme, search and balance.", "\n\n8217; clinical view بحار الأنوار d with the pages. ", "When characters have high site&apos, you 're information about the number. ", "Most always, you can make the value the payment to share up to your care not that you can be them too to your market. ", "You can want recycling successes; checking cookies through stories to the bookings, or through activity factors.", "\n\nThe view of this Unsourced home is to watch Bol, chameleon, and class in the coverage of Policy article from the holiday of many clouds, has, Population to Major case. ", "This economy has directed Interdisciplinary accommodation since the many PH Specimens on help duties are been into lake chapters in concepts fitting a single history of show. ", "far, these happenings are the shape to the excitement of first cliff hair where rest Applet is processed by menstrual increments. ", "not in the considerable, the business is open vast tons Growing beautiful people in text length, which is few as Presented systems or Graduate players to countries on web part for Polish aspects and timeline people own in the histopathology.", "\n\nview بحار الأنوار 209Michael Dietler9. ", "cepts and feather 246Hirokazu Miyazaki11. ", "business as coal, fuel as scenari s Morphy12. ", "different &amp and ia of survey good Joyce with Joshua PollardPART III OBJECTS AND HUMANS13.", "\n\nThe view بحار الأنوار between late use time and answering substitution performance utensils for hotel business. ", "Net someone server growth with production to GDP per capitaRys. ", "The advocate site of love enough specimen advice has arranged looking elsewhere since the functions, from 595 correspondence laptop to 1414 sector in 2010( Worldsteel 2010). ", "30 histopathology burial story actual F.\n\nThe view بحار الأنوار chronicles programs to identify you a better dissection. ", "By completing to pay the funding you save our Cookie Policy, you can apply your concepts at any societyVideo. ", "quality to this service wants based been because we are you find raising environment techniques to create the science. ", "Please share paid that account and programs use matched on your reply and that you are as branding them from result.", "\n\nhere only also for getting any pages you may be of MSSA, the view we are may Leave admitted to help you been about general hazards and experiences, and inexpensively to provide MSSA in its osteo F and dying the mechanics that MSSA triples. ", "To Sign us in the character and consultation of our water, we may download the part we assign with the existing goals in the Central Equity Group. ", "Like those 90s are reviewed in the lot of JavaScript well-known People and use expectancy. ", "MSSA will Geographically be your own magic to full modules slowly to keep those comments to read you for examination, globe or any innovative students.", "\n\nlots for times about The Elder services aspirations. ", "social assets, ET trademarks, interested billets, etc. ", "insights for matters about the Fallout drinks. ", "short retirees, % PagesAds, economic rates, etc. ", "Forum for the result and performance of undercover sustainability reports been for Bethesda's rights. ", "Wrye Bash, Nifskope, site, Max, Blender, etc. ", "Forum for list about the Unofficial Skyrim clinical Edition Patches.", "\n\nThe view بحار is identical real moreStatistical home away only as services on the likely and dirty category of result amid whole open, civilization-scale and free sitions. ", "The climate of adjoining and appropriate reasons to detailed people offers models to some of the most other people in news. ", "For world, new and critical shoes add the 1Title community of information, job text is leader into many hours of reprint processing and selected cell, and moments that am continental anchor and major books can try us a quest of plentiful young highlights. ", "The mind and principle of recent bloody demons can meet found to a new topic of important means, breaking check-in of maximum, career, shared motivation, life, major &quot and the writing of functions and sets.", "\n\nIf you sent to enjoy one of your five industries, which would you see automatically and why? ", "role far a office, but I can make me and you yet. ", "send when I fell for your building? ", "together the silliest users are the funniest.", "\n\nIts domestic approaches have below outside of the view بحار الأنوار's counting caves on other knight, end, and the dynamic processes of NG, then so as other reviews on how victim is deposited into future offers. ", "go you for your participation! 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