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[
"ROMA — Lo hanno bendato e ammanettato subito dopo averlo portato nella caserma di via in Selci. ",
"Poi qualcuno ha deciso di fotografarlo. ",
"È un’immagine choc quella di Christian Gabriel Natale Hjort, l’americano di 18 anni accusato di complicità nell’omicidio del carabiniere Mario Cerciello Rega, scattata poco dopo il fermo. ",
"Ricorda i prigionieri di Guantanamo con la fascia grigia a coprire gli occhi, le braccia dietro la schiena, i polsi stretti dalle manette. ",
"Quando viene mostrata al comandante generale Giovanni Nistri dell’Arma, la reazione è immediata: «Si tratta di un episodio inaccettabile e come tale deve essere trattato». ",
"Per questo dispone l’immediata inchiesta interna per denunciare i responsabili alla magistratura e sottoporli a procedimento disciplinare. ",
"Due ore dopo il nome del militare viene consegnato ai pubblici ministeri. ",
"Rischia l’accusa di violenza privata e maltrattamenti, ma anche la sospensione dal servizio: ma intanto, fa sapere l’Arma, sarà «spostato a un reparto non operativo».",
"\n\n\n\nL’indagine continua per individuare chi ha fatto la scatto e ha poi deciso di diffonderlo. ",
"Anche perché era nella stessa stanza e per lui — così come per gli altri — potrebbe anche scattare l’omessa denuncia. «",
"Il carabiniere che ha bendato il fermato — chiarisce il comandante provinciale Francesco Gargaro — dice di averlo fatto per evitare che potesse vedere la documentazione che si trovava negli uffici e sui monitor». ",
"La giustificazione appare risibile perché poteva essere tenuto in un ufficio dove non ci sono dossier riservati o computer. ",
"Ma soprattutto perché avvalora l’ipotesi che anche in altri casi si sia deciso di riservare alle persone prese in custodia lo stesso trattamento. ",
"Un’eventualità che il generale invece esclude: «Mai era accaduta una cosa simile. ",
"Questo è un caso del tutto particolare». ",
"La Procura di Roma è in attesa di un’informativa sulla vicenda, subito dopo si procederà alla apertura formale di un fascicolo di indagine.",
"\n\n"
] |
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[
"All but one of the wildlife violations were dismissed and as punishment for the remaining count a judge ordered him to pay court costs and donate $250 to Wildlife Alert, which provides rewards to anonymous tipsters who help solve crimes against wildlife."
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[
"package com.orientechnologies.orient.object.db;\n\nimport static org.junit.",
"Assert.assertEquals;\n\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.core.db.object.",
"ODatabaseObject;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.core.id.",
"ORecordId;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.core.metadata.schema.",
"OType;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.core.record.impl.",
"ODocument;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.object.db.entity.",
"ObjectWithSet;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.object.db.entity.",
"SimpleChild;\nimport com.orientechnologies.orient.object.db.entity.",
"SimpleParent;\nimport org.junit.",
"After;\nimport org.junit.",
"Assert;\nimport org.junit.",
"Before;\nimport org.junit.",
"Test;\n\n/** Created by tglman on 17/02/17. */",
"\npublic class SimpleParentChildTest {\n\n private ODatabaseObject database;\n\n String url = \"memory:\" + SimpleParentChildTest.class.getSimpleName();\n\n @Before\n public void before() {\n database = new OObjectDatabaseTx(url);\n database.create();\n database.getEntityManager().registerEntityClass(SimpleChild.class);\n database.getEntityManager().registerEntityClass(SimpleParent.class);\n database.getEntityManager().registerEntityClass(ObjectWithSet.class);\n }\n\n @After\n public void after() {\n database.drop();\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testParentChild() {\n SimpleChild sc = new SimpleChild();\n sc.setName(\"aa\");\n SimpleParent sa = new SimpleParent();\n sa.setChild(sc);\n SimpleParent ret = database.save(sa);\n database.getLocalCache().clear();\n ODocument doc = ((OObjectDatabaseTx) database).getUnderlying().load(ret.getId().getIdentity());\n assertEquals(doc.fieldType(\"child\"), OType.",
"LINK);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testWithSets() {\n ObjectWithSet parent = new ObjectWithSet();\n ObjectWithSet child = new ObjectWithSet();\n parent.addFriend(child);\n child.setName(\"child1\");\n ObjectWithSet savedParent = database.save(parent);\n String parentId = savedParent.getId();\n\n this.database.close();\n this.database = new OObjectDatabaseTx(url);\n this.database.open(\"admin\", \"admin\");\n\n ObjectWithSet retrievedParent = this.database.load(new ORecordId(parentId));\n ObjectWithSet retrievedChild = retrievedParent.getFriends().iterator().next();\n retrievedChild.setName(\"child2\");\n this.database.save(retrievedParent);\n\n this.database.close();\n this.database = new OObjectDatabaseTx(url);\n this.database.open(\"admin\", \"admin\");\n\n retrievedParent = this.database.load(new ORecordId(parentId));\n Assert.assertEquals(\"child2\", retrievedParent.getFriends().iterator().next().getName());\n }\n}\n"
] |
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[
"Q:\n\nWhat happens when a flash drive wears out?",
"\n\nFlash memory has a limited number of read/write cycles, after which it fails. ",
" What happens when it fails? ",
" Is it like a hard drive, where a failed write is silently moved to another part of the disk and that sector marked as bad and never used again, without data loss? ",
" Are there a limited number of replacement sectors? ",
" Do operating systems warn the user in some way?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYes, they do very similar operations when sectors fail: both silently move sectors to unallocated area after failed write verification. ",
"Yes, their number is limited on both the memory types.",
"\nThere is just one, but important, difference: number of writes on hard drives isn't limited, so failure of sectors in hard drive is unexpected and is probably sign of failure in some other it's part: a crashed head or scratched surface or overheated controller etc. ",
"Most time you will want to replace the whole driver when bad sectors begin to appear even if controller has remapped them successfully because soon the whole drive will fail.",
"\nFailure of sectors on flash drive is expected and (quite) often happens in normal use: a sector has a limited and determined maximal number of writes, avg. ",
"100000 on a recent flash chip (I'm referring to datasheets of common I2C flashes, but the technology is very similar in USB flash drives). ",
"After this number for any sector is exceeded it will fail, sooner or later, so it does not refer to overall state of the drive in any way.",
"\nBecause hard drives weren't supposed to have any bad sectors during normal work, there were not any technology that was able to detect them (and also remap and notify user). ",
"Some years ago SMART was created to do this job.",
"\nAs remapping for flashes is required by the technology, SMART-like technology was used in flash drives initially. ",
"No standardized methods of checking it's status exist, and AFAIK there are no vendor-specific utilities too. ",
"That's all about cost reducing.",
"\n\n"
] |
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[
"FAQs\n\nWhat does CASA stand for?",
"\n\nCourt Appointed Special Advocate\n\nWho does a CASA advocate for?",
"\n\nA CASA is appointed by a judge to speak up for the child’s interests during a Dependency Proceeding. ",
"A Dependency Proceeding is the legal cause the State files when a child is removed from his or her home and placed in the temporary custody of the State in (usually) foster care. ",
"CASAs advocate for State-dependent children.",
"\n\nWhat is the difference between a CASA and a Guardian ad litem (GAL)?",
"\n\nIn Pierce County, a CASA is a volunteer; a GAL is a full-time employee of the court.",
"\n\nHow much time each month does CASA work take?",
"\n\nThis can vary widely. ",
"Some cases can take as little as 6 hours a month, and some may take as much as 40 hours a month. ",
"And some cases can swing back and forth between “quiet” phases and “active” phases.",
"\n\nHow long does a case usually last?",
"\n\nA minimum of two years. ",
"We ask CASAs to commit to advocating for the child for the duration of the case.",
"\n\nWho can be a CASA?",
"\n\nCASAs must be over 21 years of age; able to pass a criminal background check and CPS history check; a college degree is not required, but is preferred; CASA applicants are screened and interviewed; CASA applicants must attend a 3-day training that is also part of the screening process; completing all of these steps does not ensure acceptance into the CASA program."
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[
"Starring:Haylar, everyone's favourite hapless goblin.",
"Some photographs. ",
"Quite a few of them are of me.",
"Somewhat too much RPG stuff, including the London Below setting and character backgrounds.",
"A bunch of pictures I drew once. ",
"I can't draw. ",
"Here is the evidence.",
"A collection of writings: poetry, short stories, longer pieces, and some inexplicably popular old English essays."
] |
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[
"---------------------- Forwarded by Tracy Geaccone/GPGFIN/Enron on 02/05/2001 02:24 PM ---------------------------\n\n\n\"Jack Hurst\" <[email protected]> on 01/13/2001 03:39:07 AM\nTo:\t\"Wayne Guidry\" <[email protected]>, <[email protected]>, \"Lou and Kathleen Dionne\" <[email protected]>, \"Janet Tanner\" <[email protected]>, \"Hurst, Julie A\" <[email protected]>, \"Dianne Costa\" <[email protected]>\ncc:\t \n\nSubject:\tFw: Curious George\n\n\n\n \n----- Original Message ----- \nFrom: Bill Winter\n - CuriousGeorge.jpg"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
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0.0007322290330193937
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[
"Knit this fairisle slipover based on a very traditional Shetland pattern. ",
"A design by Martin Storey from the archive and re-worked in Wool Cotton 4ply, a high twist blend of wool and cotton giving great stitch definition, this is a unisex design available in ladies and mens sizes.",
"\n\nKnit this mens sweater with open neck, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Martin Storey using the lovely dry handle summer yarn Creative Linen (cotton and linen), this slouchy sweater is knitted in an all over basket style stitch and has set in sleeves.",
"\n\nKnit this mens round neck sweater, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"A design by Sarah Hatton using our unique denim yarn, Original Denim (cotton), this shaped sweater has front and sleeve cable detail.",
"\n\nKnit this mens long sleeved sweater, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Marie Wallin using the luxurious yarn Lima (baby alpaca and merino wool), this funnel neck sweater has cable detail and shallow set-in sleeves.",
"\n\nKnit this mens chunky cardigan, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Marie Wallin using the luxurious yarn Lima (baby alpaca and merino wool), this cable and rib jacket has a fold down collar and is finished with toggles.",
"\n\nKnit this classic, mens v neck sweater, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Sarah Hatton using the luxurious yarn Lima (baby alpaca and merino wool), this jumper is knitted in reverse stocking stitch with cable detail to the front.",
"\n\nKnit this unisex crew neck sweater, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Kim Hargreaves using one of our best loved yarns Original Denim (cotton), this two colour striped sweater has deep rib cuffs and set-in sleeves.",
"\n\nKnit this unisex jacket, a design from the Rowan archive that is now available to purchase online. ",
"Designed by Martin Storey using one of our best loved yarns Original Denim (cotton), this oversized jacket has patch pockets on the main body and sleeves and moss stitch collar and edgings."
] |
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[
"A judge ordered Maine’s secretary of state Wednesday to move forward with implementing ranked-choice voting for the June primaries despite concerns about conflicting language in state law.",
"\n\nLater in the day, the same judge also heard arguments in a separate Maine Senate challenge that could end with the Maine Supreme Judicial Court making the final decision about whether Maine will be the first state in the nation to use ranked-choice voting statewide this June.",
"\n\nIn a 14-page opinion released Wednesday morning, Superior Court Judge Michaela Murphy ordered Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap to continue preparing to use ranked-choice voting for gubernatorial, congressional and legislative primaries on June 12. ",
"Murphy agreed with the Committee for Ranked Choice Voting – the group that led the successful November 2016 ballot campaign – that uncertainty over the election process could cause “irreparable harm” at this stage.",
"\n\n“The uncertainty that halting the ranked-choice voting implementation process at this late date would cause is significant,” Murphy wrote in her opinion, which was dated Tuesday but did not become public until Wednesday. “",
"Clarity, stability and public confidence are essential to ensure the legitimacy of Maine elections.”",
"\n\nThe legal twists and turns are largely the result of a nearly evenly divided Legislature – where Republicans hold a one-seat majority in the Senate and Democrats a five-seat majority in the House – being unable to reach agreement over how, or even if, the ranked-choice voting law passed by voters in 2016 should move forward. ",
"Democrats generally support proceeding with the new voting system, while Republicans do not. ",
"Ironically, one of the primary arguments by supporters of ranked-choice voting is that it would reduce the sharp partisan divide, often blamed for dysfunction in state government.",
"\n\nThe ranked-choice system would be a factor only in one three-way legislative primary contest this June – the vast majority are two-way races. ",
"But it could have a major impact on which of the seven Democrats and four Republicans win their party’s nomination for governor this year.",
"\n\nCOURT COULD REFUSE TO HEAR CASE\n\nIn a traditional election, whoever gets the most votes wins, whether it is a majority or a plurality, which can be less than 50 percent when there are more than two candidates.",
"\n\nUnder the ranked-choice system, voters select candidates in order of preference. ",
"If no candidate receives more than 50 percent of the vote, the candidate with the fewest first-choice votes is eliminated. ",
"Voters who preferred the eliminated candidate would then have their ballots added to the totals of their second-ranked candidates, and the ballots would be retabulated. ",
"The process continues until one candidate has a clear majority of votes.",
"\n\nTime is short for the courts to resolve the disputes. ",
"The state still needs time to print ballots, and some local election officials need time to add tabulation machines, or reprogram existing ones to count ranked-choice ballots.",
"\n\nDuring a brief court hearing Wednesday afternoon on the newest challenge, Murphy directed attorneys for the Senate and Dunlap to reach agreement on the key questions they want answered if the decision is left up to the Supreme Judicial Court. ",
"But Murphy also cautioned that the state’s highest court could refuse to take up the matter if it determines the Senate, as only a portion of the legislative branch, lacks standing before the court.",
"\n\nMurphy also directed an attorney for the Committee for Ranked Choice Voting to prepare his arguments as to why the committee should also be allowed to weigh in on the matter.",
"\n\nMurphy told the parties involved that she hoped they would have all of their responses ready to go by Monday, which would still provide enough time for the high court to take the matter up and rule on it, if it so chooses.",
"\n\n“Hopefully this can be turned around in a way that provides the clarity that I think everybody agrees absolutely has to occur so that when voters go to the polls on June 12 they know what the system is,” Murphy said. “",
"And certainly the secretary of state needs some lead time to be prepared to deal with the new process, if that’s what is happening on June 12.”",
"\n\nSENATE’S ARGUMENT: NO FUNDING\n\nIn the Maine Senate complaint filed Wednesday, attorney Timothy Woodcock listed a host of constitutional concerns while asking the court to halt ranked-choice voting.",
"\n\nSpecifically, the Republican-controlled Maine Senate contends the Legislature never provided Dunlap’s office with the funding or the rulemaking authority necessary to implement ranked-choice voting. ",
"Also, the complaint argues, Maine law only allows state police to retrieve physical ballots or electronic copies of those ballots in the event of an official recount of an election, not for ranked-choice voting.",
"\n\nAs a result, the Maine Senate is asking Murphy to find that Dunlap is exceeding his constitutional authority in proceeding with implementation of ranked-choice voting.",
"\n\nAfter the hearing, Woodcock said it remained in dispute whether Dunlap had the funds to conduct a ranked-choice election in June. “",
"The Legislature has never appropriated any money for the implementation of ranked-choice voting. ",
"That just never happened,” he said.",
"\n\nJames Monteleone, an attorney for the Committee for Ranked Choice Voting, said the Legislature had appropriated funds and authorized Dunlap to conduct primary elections, despite the fact it was not specific in how those elections would be conducted.",
"\n\n“(That argument) distracts from the key focus that funding was appropriated to conduct an election,” Monteleone said. ",
"He also said the committee wants to intervene in the new complaint and challenge whether the Senate has standing before the court, given that it represents just one of the two houses of the Legislature.",
"\n\n“Case law would suggest the Senate wouldn’t have standing on any of these matters,” Monteleone said.",
"\n\nDespite Murphy’s ruling ordering Dunlap to continue implementing the voting system, it was clear the final decision on ranked-choice voting for June would take several more days, if not weeks, to be settled.",
"\n\nDUNLAP’S DEADLINE: APRIL 13\n\nPhyllis Gardiner, an attorney for Dunlap’s office, said the decision should be finalized by April 13 in order to provide enough time to print ballots for the election and distribute them, especially to Maine voters serving in the military overseas and other residents voting from outside the state.",
"\n\nLast week, Dunlap cast doubt on Maine’s plans by pointing to the discovery of conflicting language in the existing law dealing with whether candidates are elected by a plurality or majority of votes. ",
"While Dunlap said his office would continue working to implement ranked-choice voting, the Committee for Ranked Choice Voting quickly filed a complaint seeking a court order requiring Dunlap to work toward a ranked-choice primary on June 12.",
"\n\nThe legal machinations are the latest confusing developments over a ballot initiative that was approved by 52 percent of voters in November 2016.",
"\n\nLast year, the Legislature voted to delay implementation and potentially repeal the law after Maine’s high court raised constitutional questions about the initiative. ",
"In response, the Committee for Ranked Choice Voting collected enough petition signatures for a “people’s veto” of the bill passed by the Legislature last year that delayed and potentially repealed the switch to a new system. ",
"As a result, Maine voters could simultaneously use the ranked-choice system to decide the primary winners of gubernatorial, congressional and legislative primaries this June even as they vote on whether to continue using the process in future elections.",
"\n\nJockeying over ranked-choice voting has fallen largely along party lines at the State House.",
"\n\nHouse Speaker Sara Gideon, D-Freeport, praised Murphy’s ruling ordering Dunlap to proceed with implementation.",
"\n\n“Mainers have said clearly that they want election reform and they want it now,” Gideon said in a prepared statement. “",
"It is now the duty of the entire Legislature to appropriate the funds required for the secretary of state to run our election.”",
"\n\nSenate Minority Leader Troy Jackson, D-Allagash, also said Democrats would attempt to introduce a joint order from both the Senate and the House that could trigger a new bill to address the specific concerns being raised. ",
"That bill directs the Legislature’s Veterans and Legal Affairs Committee to craft a bill that provides funding to Dunlap, allows him to take physical control of ballots and authorizes state police to retrieve ballots for the tabulation of ranked-choice voting results.",
"\n\nJackson said Democrats already believe Dunlap has the authority, but the proposed legislation would resolve any doubts among Republican lawmakers.",
"\n\n“Here is a bill that the committee will deal with – Republicans and Democrats – and we will come to an actual compromise and work on it together to make sure … everybody knows he does have the jurisdiction, and where we are going to get the money from,” Jackson said.",
"\n\nLEGISLATURE CAN’T MAKE LEGAL FIXES\n\nBut Republican leaders in the Senate seemed uninterested Wednesday in any new legislative fix and were urging Judge Murphy to kick their questions up to the Supreme Judicial Court for consideration.",
"\n\n“We don’t think we have the power in the Legislature to solve all these issues,” said Sen. Roger Katz, R-Augusta. “",
"There are some significant constitutional issues here, that, if we are right, can only be solved by an amendment to the constitution. ",
"We can’t fix that here.”",
"\n\nSenate President Mike Thibodeau, R-Winterport, confirmed that Senate Republicans had not reached out to House Democrats to identify a legislative fix. ",
"But Thibodeau rejected arguments that the Legislature has failed to address the concerns over ranked-choice voting or is actively thwarting its implementation.",
"\n\n“The Legislature came together and passed a bipartisan bill that would have suspended the implementation and given the advocates for ranked-choice voting the opportunity to go and make their case and change Maine’s constitution,” Thibodeau said. ",
"However, a constitutional fix is unlikely in the current political climate because it would require two-thirds majority votes in both the House and Senate as well as approval by a majority of Maine citizens.”",
"\n\nContact Scott Thistle at 713-6720 or:\n\n[email protected]\n\nTwitter: thisdog\n\nContact Kevin Miller at 791-6312 or:\n\n[email protected]\n\nSend questions/comments to the editors.",
"\n\nfiled under:"
] |
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[
"Differential diagnosis of CT images in children with neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas.",
"\nTo investigate the differential features of CT images in children with neuroblastomas (N) and ganglioneuroblastomas (G). ",
"Clinical data of 12 children in group G and 15 in group N undergoing CT examination and definitely diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. ",
"The focal conditions were observed and compared in the two groups, including location, size, boundaries, morphology, enhanced degree and mode, abdominal vascular involvement, presence or absence of spanning the midline, infiltration of peripheral organs, angiography manifestations in tumors or surroundings, presence or absence of calcification and vascular tumor emboli as well as metastases of distal organs and lymph nodes. ",
"In group N, the incidence of tumors in the adrenal area was conspicuously higher than in group G (P<0.05), while that of tumors with regular morphology and clear boundaries was significantly lower than in group G (P<0.01); Angiography manifestation rate and incidences of vascular embedding, lymph node metastasis, infiltration and organic metastasis in group N were all markedly higher than in group G (P<0.05). ",
"There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of focal size, presence or absence of calcification and spanning the midline, and enhanced degree and mode, as well as vascular tumor emboli (P>0.05). ",
"Mostly located in adrenal areas and with vascular embedding as a primary manifestation, the neuroblastoma extremely readily metastases to lymph nodes and other organs as well as infiltrating local tissues, with dilation on angiography frequent in or around the tumors. ",
"With vascular displacement as a primary manifestation, ganglioneuroblastoma has a regular morphology and clear boundaries."
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"A Master of Business Administration (MBA) introduces students to various areas of business including finance, human resources, operations management, marketing, and accounting. ",
"Students earning an MBA in accounting focus their degree in the specialized field of accounting by taking additional accounting courses. ",
"Full-time MBA programs take approximately two years to complete and require 60 credit hours of graduate work.",
"\n\nMBA Format\n\nMBA programs are offered both online and in traditional classrooms at colleges and universities across the nation. ",
"The prerequisites for MBA programs are typically a bachelor’s degree, a good GPA, strong GMAT or GRE scores, and at least two letters of reference. ",
"Students also have the option to complete MBA coursework on a part-time basis on evenings and weekends so that they can continue working while pursuing their degree. ",
"Accelerated accounting MBA programs have a higher course load and more intensive schedule, so they only take around one year to complete.",
"\n\nAccounting concentrations provides MBA students with a thorough understanding of financial and management accounting. ",
"MBA programs are ideal for people who are already working in the accounting field and want to further their careers or for individuals who need to earn the academic credits required to meet CPA licensing requirements and sit for the CPA exam.",
"\n\nAccounting MBA Curriculum\n\nMBA programs in accounting integrate accounting theory and practice with management and leadership skills that are valuable in the global marketplace. ",
"Students gain experience in corporate-level communication and presentation, business analysis training, and business administration. ",
"Beyond core MBA classes, students earning an MBA in accounting may be required to take the following courses, among others:\n\nFinancial accounting\n\nManagerial accounting\n\nFinancial statement analysis\n\nCorporate financial reporting\n\nStrategic cost management\n\nMBA Career Prospects\n\nAn MBA drives business value by providing graduates with an in-depth understanding of accounting. ",
"Job opportunities for MBA degree holders are available in public, private, government, and non-profit organizations. ",
"Potential job titles include accountant, accounting manager, comptroller, and accounting consultant.",
"\n\nAccording to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, stricter laws and regulations in the financial sector will increase the demand for accounting services. ",
"From 2010 to 2020, the employment of accountants and auditors is expected to grow 16%. ",
"In 2012, the median annual salary for accountants was $63,550, while the top 10% earned more than $111,510. ",
"Accountants with a CPA license typically have the best job prospects, but an MBA with a concentration in accounting may also give candidates a competitive edge in the job market.",
"\n\nMBA holders often advance to senior-level management positions. ",
"In fact, many top executives have a background in accounting, internal auditing or finance. ",
"The BLS reports that top executives are among the highest paid workers in the United States and earned a median annual wage of $168,140 in 2012. ",
"MBA programs with an accounting concentration provide good preparation for those planning to pursue management careers in corporate finance, treasury, private equity, investment banking, hedge funds, and trading.",
"\n\nA strong foundation in finance and accounting equips graduates with the skills needed to succeed in the modern business world. ",
"Learn to make effective business decisions that improve an organization’s financial position by pursuing an MBA in accounting today."
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"Q:\n\nInsert command failed with return code SQLITE_ERROR\n\nI have a sqlite3 database, when inserting data into the db,it always failed with return code SQLITE_ERROR\nFor example,the sqlite3_prepare_v2 always failed.",
"\nNSString *sql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@\"insert into t_elementnode(opname,op,param) values('%@',%ld,'%@')\",elementNode.name,elementNode.operation,elementNode.paramString];\nsqlite3_stmt *stmt;\nint result = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, [sql UTF8String], -1, &stmt, NULL);\nif (result !",
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"UTF8String, -1, NULL);\nsqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, 2, elementNode.operation);\nsqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 3, elementNode.paramString.",
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"= SQLITE_DONE) {\n sqlite3_finalize(stmt);\n NSLog(@\"===insert error:%d\",result);\n return;\n}\n\nsqlite3_finalize(stmt);\n\nthe NSLog Output were:\n====exit:title,result:1,op:11,param:{\n \"locatorType\" : 6,\n \"locatorValue\" : \"//XCUIElementTypeLink[@name='title']\"\n}\n\nA:\n\nThe issue was resolved by change the command,Don't pass in parameters to queries using string concatenation, format, %, etc;\nchar * sql2 = \"insert into t_elementnode(opname,op,param) values(?,?,?)\";",
"\nif(elementNode.opname) sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, elementNode.opname.",
"UTF8String, -1, NULL);\nif(elementNode.op) sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 2, elementNode.op.",
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"Low-temperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure: toward new pharmaceutical treatments in medicine.",
"\nThis article concerns a new field covered by low-temperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure for medical treatments. ",
"This is based on the very attractive possibility to tune and design plasmas as possible pharmaceutical products using selectively some active species (charged particles, radicals, atomic and molecular agents, UV radiations) and even electric fields self-generated by the plasma. ",
"The delivery of active species occurs at the gaseous level. ",
"This means that there is no need for a carrier medium, and the treatment of living tissue or surface is optimal because plasmas can penetrate small pores, spread over rough surfaces, and reach both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. ",
"The present article gives first a review on the main low-temperature plasma setups potentially usable for medical treatments with an emphasis on the setups as, for instance, plasma jets developed in our laboratory. ",
"Then, the present article gives a review of the current state of the art of such plasmas as pharmaceutical products or therapeutic tools in medicine with a light on a selection of forefront researches particularly in the field of chronic wounds, blood coagulation, and cancer treatment."
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"At last we have an answer to the question of how this government was planning to remove the backstop from the withdrawal agreement. ",
"The Northern Ireland circle has been squared—in part—by frontloading a fudge of “solutions” into a deal that is only supposed to be about the exit process. ",
"The most contentious part of Theresa May’s deal, meant as an insurance policy, has become contentious again for a different reason—the backstop is now the “frontstop,” and with it we have a piece of the future relationship with Europe in plain sight. ",
"However, the new protocol still leaves an awful lot of important questions unaddressed.",
"\n\nFor most people and businesses in Great Britain, there is little in the actual exit deal that has changed. ",
"The future relationship priorities have been pared back in the non-binding political declaration, and a looser arrangement is implicitly envisioned for the UK, although references to level playing field commitments on things like workers’ rights do still provide for a range of outcomes in this respect.",
"\n\nLabour’s concerns about the government unwinding commitments on social standards are not straightforward, as these were only ever binding in the event of the original backstop (which many on both sides said they didn’t want to ever have to trigger) being activated. ",
"The customs union foreseen in that scenario drove the obligations around regulatory standards. ",
"Nothing about the future relationship in the previous deal—or arguably ever during the exit process—was intended to be locked in, in light of the political declaration being unable to act as a binding treaty about the future.",
"\n\nBut for Northern Ireland, the future is now more rapidly upon it with this deal. ",
"The new protocol added makes clear that its contents will be the starting point from the end of 2020. ",
"The hope will be that a future trade agreement and wider future relationship deal will answer many of the questions left open in this protocol. ",
"That is important because there are many. ",
"The previous backstop left some questions open on the practical issue of how to manage any extra controls needed at ports or commercial premises should it ever be triggered, but these were fairly small in number. ",
"This frontstop presents a far bigger set of open-ended questions that need answering to make it operational, and that derives from the government shedding some of the previous protocol’s all-UK commitments under the backstop.",
"\n\nPredominantly, these differences revolve around customs arrangements and—to a lesser extent—VAT. ",
"There is also the major political and constitutional question of how Northern Irish consent is arrived at, but that is beyond the scope of this article. ",
"EU law will apply to VAT in NI, but the UK government will collect VAT and excise duties. ",
"Some goods will be treated differently so that NI VAT can be zero-rated or reduced in these areas, but they are currently unspecified.",
"\n\nThe questions around the new customs arrangements require even more filling-in-the-blanks. ",
"Rather than a contingency plan keeping the whole UK in the customs union, Plan A is now for a complex “dual tariff” regime for NI, straddling the EU and UK customs territories to eliminate the need for land border checks. ",
"But whether Northern Ireland benefits (even indirectly) from EU trade deals as well as future UK trade agreements remains unclear, and this matters for understanding how the dual-tariff idea, resurrected from May’s Chequers plan and applied to NI, will work. ",
"The issue of whether to apply or pay EU or UK tariffs will not matter in practice to trade across the land border, but will be enforced domestically and internally within the UK, meaning Irish sea checks. ",
"Some goods will be exempt, some businesses will be able to make declarations and others exempted, but we don’t really know on what or where, or which systems and processes will hopefully make these simpler and speedier in automated electronic form.",
"\n\nUnderstandably, as much as some may just want to get on with Brexit, businesses and politicians in Northern Ireland really want to understand all this detail, since it is now the official starting point for the future relationship rather than a contingency option down the line. ",
"A future trade agreement may help clarify some of this, but without knowing what this will be or when it will be completed, this is all the detail we have to go on for what the future for Northern Ireland looks like.",
"\n\nSome fear that the UK government may plough ahead will full departure even if a trade deal with the EU isn’t ready by the end of 2020 transition period, and so this will be in isolation what that future really is. ",
"Concerns about acute divergence between Northern Ireland and Great Britain require urgent clarity: what will Westminster do to safeguard and protect its domestic market from becoming too fragmented over time? ",
"The unilateral commitments undertaken by May, for the whole UK to “dynamically align” in areas where NI would have to continue doing so in step with the EU, clearly no longer apply.",
"\n\nThe current deal is certainly miles better than a disorderly no-deal exit, although some point to the fact that that isn’t the immediate counterfactual here, in light of the Benn Act requiring the prime minister to seek an extension should MPs not pass the deal on Saturday. ",
"Of course, that doesn’t remove the possibility of a harder exit or even looser future relationship after an election takes place. ",
"But no one can argue this deal is just about the exit process anymore where Northern Ireland is concerned. ",
"And given the lack of comprehensive detail, scrutiny over what it means is essential."
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[
"Dog Bite Victims: Get the Compensation You Need\n\nThe physical damage caused by a dog bite can be severe. ",
"It can involve scarring and damage that requires expensive plastic surgery to repair. ",
"Of course, the injury may not just be physical. ",
"Particularly when the victim is a child, there can be emotional damage as well.",
"\n\nYou deserve compensation for all the harm caused by the dog bite. ",
"If you or someone you care about, such as your child, have been hurt by a dog, the personal injury attorneys at Escandon, Fernicola, Anderson, Covelli & McPherson, are here to help you. ",
"We have more than 100 years of combined experience serving people in Monmouth, Ocean and Hudson Counties and the surrounding parts of New Jersey.",
"\n\nThe Right Approach to Each Case\n\nAt the law firm of Escandon, Fernicola, Anderson, Covelli & McPherson, we understand that dog bite cases often involve close relationships that the victims don’t want to damage with a lawsuit.",
"\n\nFrequently, the dog that bit the victim belongs to the victim’s friend, the victim’s family member or the victim’s neighbor. ",
"Even though the victim wants compensation, they don’t want to ruin the life of someone they care about.",
"\n\nThat’s not something you have to worry about. ",
"In dog bite cases, we do not file a lawsuit against the dog owner. ",
"We file a lawsuit against that person’s insurance company. ",
"We simply want to make sure the insurance company provides all the compensation necessary. ",
"That’s why the dog owner has insurance in the first place.",
"\n\nThe Experience to Get Results in Dog Bite Cases\n\nInsurance companies are not always willing to hand over compensation. ",
"This unwillingness to work with injured people is unfortunate since that is precisely why people pay insurance premiums. ",
"Still, as businesses, they want to keep their money in their pockets.",
"\n\nWe take great care to build strong lawsuits to make them pay. ",
"Frequently, we go so far as to put together exhibits far before the court date. ",
"We take these exhibits to negotiations, not only to prove our point to the insurance company but to make it clear to them that we are serious about seeing the case through to get you the compensation you need.",
"\n\nLegal Representation With No Upfront Fees\n\nWe represent clients who are injured by dog bites on a contingency fee basis. ",
"This fee structure means you are only required to pay attorney’s fees if we are successful in getting compensation for your injuries.",
"\n\nContact Our Multilingual Law Firm Now\n\nCall us at 732-663-1920 or send us an email to schedule a free consultation with one of our experienced lawyers. ",
"Our attorneys speak both Spanish and English."
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"Beer and baseball\n\n05:04 PM, April 26, 2013 |\n\nThey talk about boiled peanuts, hot dogs and pretzels at baseball games — but for me, none of them beat sipping a beer as I sit in the stands and second-guess a decision to bunt with two outs.",
"\n\nThe vast majority of my baseball experiences — two boys who are baseball players from birth — are beer-free (you don’t hold a brew while coaching fourth-graders at first base).",
"\n\nGreenville Drive games, however, are a different story.",
"\n\nFor the most part, you’re talking about your Budweiser, Yuengling or PBR pouring at Fluor Field.",
"\n\nBut I have to say I was surprised at a recent game to see RJ Rockers’ “Son Of A Peach” on tap. ",
"Sublimely surprised.",
"\n\nFor one, it wasn’t just a beer at a baseball game. ",
"It was a more … complex one. ",
"And it was local, tapping into that sense of identity that the Drive organization aims for.",
"\n\nRJ Rockers tells me SOAP will be on tap all summer long.",
"\n\nThere’s more to come along those lines, such as respected California craft brewer Sierra Nevada, Drive general manager Mike deMaine says.",
"\n\n“You’ll start to see more specials on craft beers,” he says. “",
"We’re getting more diverse in what we’re trying to be. ",
"It’s what the customers want.”",
"\n\nCraft specials likely will be a Tuesday and Saturday thing, deMaine says.",
"\n\nThen there’s always the conventional fare.",
"\n\nFridays will feature specials on Budweiser products, he says.",
"\n\nAnd as always, Thursdays are $1 drink night served at the 500 Club, a section the Drive set up to provide a barlike atmosphere separate from the traditional ballpark experience (you can still buy your $1 beer and head back to your seat, as well, along with $1 soft drinks).",
"\n\nApril is a five-Tuesday month, which means one extra week we had to wait for Thomas Creek Brewery’s monthly “cask night.”",
"\n\nThe event, held the last Tuesday of each month, offers a chance for beer lovers to drink experimental brews from the wellspring. ",
"The brewers experiment with unconventional ingredients then need help drinking what’s left.",
"\n\nTuesday will be Thomas Creek’s old standby Red River Falls Red with a twist Citra hops, bringing out floral flavors in keeping with spring, brand ambassador Weston Gaskill says. ",
"Cost is $5.",
"\n\nThe so-called “pint bill” has undergone some preliminary changes as it makes its way through the General Assembly. ",
"The bill is an effort to allow breweries to sell beer on-site, up to 64 ounces per person per day.",
"\n\nAmendments to the bill could lower the limit to 48 ounces, one pint less, says Brook Bristow, a Greenville lawyer who authored the bill. ",
"The amendments also call for breweries to carry insurance for serving, unlike other establishments that serve alcohol, Bristow says."
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"Compulsive respiratory stereotypies in children with autistic features: polygraphic recording and treatment with fenfluramine.",
"\nSyncopes due to compulsive respiratory stereotypies were studied in eight patients with autistic features. ",
"Most had been referred for episodes thought to be intractable epileptic seizures. ",
"Polygraphic recording showed two types of syncope, one induced by prolonged apnea and the other by a prolonged Valsalva maneuver. ",
"Fenfluramine, 1.5-3 mg/kg per day, was given in an open trial. ",
"In four of five cases with frequent Valsalva maneuvers, respiratory stereotypies and syncopes were suppressed for 2-18 months. ",
"Patients with periodic apneas were more severely retarded and had less clear benefit. ",
"Side effects consisted of dose-dependent sedation and mild weight loss which stabilized without interrupting treatment. ",
"We suggest that these syncopes are volitional and may be associated with pleasant sensations. ",
"A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fenfluramine seems warranted in such patients."
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"Find An Event Create Your Event Help Midwest Belgian Beer Fest 2015 The Moto Museum\n\nSt. Louis, MO Share this event: Get Tickets There are no active dates for this event. ",
"Not Available\n\nEvent Midwest Belgian Beer Fest 2015 Perennial Artisan Ales presents Midwest Belgian Beer Fest 2015!",
"\n\nPlease join Perennial and Side Project, along with 46 of our brewery friends for our Fourth Annual Midwest Belgian Beer Fest! ",
"This year, MWBBF will take place on Saturday, July 25th from 12:00PM-4:00PM at the Moto Museum at 3441 Olive Street in St. Louis.",
"\n\n\n\nWe are proud to announce that each year, Midwest Belgian Beer Fest will be partnering with a local charity. ",
"This year, proceeds from the fest will be donated to Slow Food St. Louis, which aims to promote \"fresh, local and sustainably-produced food, biodiversity and the preservation of food traditions, as well as celebrating the pleasures of the table.\" ",
"In an effort to maximize our donation, we will have a raffle for some AWESOME prizes, as well, so don't forget to bring some cash!",
"\n\n\n\nTickets will go on sale in Perennial's tasting room on Wednesday, June 17th and will be available online beginning Sunday, June 21st at Brown Paper Tickets. ",
"The ticket price is $50 and includes a tasting glass along with Belgian-style beers from the following breweries:\n\n\n\nPerennial Artisan Ales & Side Project Brewing\n\n\n\n18th Street Brewery 2nd Shift 4 Hands Against The Grain Allagash Almanac Begyle Bluejacket Boulevard Captain Lawrence Cigar City Commons Crooked Stave De Garde Destihl Evil Twin Goose Island Clybourn Goose Island Fulton Half Acre Hardywood Haymarket Hill Farmstead Jester King Jolly Pumpkin Marz Brewing Moody Tongue New Belgium Oakshire Off Color Ommegang Oxbow Ozark Beer Penrose Pipeworks Prairie Artisan Ales Rare Barrel Revolution Schlafly Scratch Solemn Oath Stillwater Sun King Telegraph Three Floyds Transient Artisan Ales\n\nUne Annee Upland Urban Chestnut Wicked Weed Wiseacre Yazoo\n\n\n\n\n\nFood will be available for purchase from Completely Sauced. ",
"Please email [email protected] with any questions!",
"\n\n\n\nTwitter: @MWBBF\n\nFacebook: facebook.com/mwbbf Location The Moto Museum (View)\n\n3441 Olive Street\n\nSt. Louis, MO 63103\n\nUnited States 3441 Olive StreetSt. ",
"Louis, MO 63103United States Categories Food > Beer, Wine, Spirits\n\nMinimum Age: 21 Non-Smoking: Yes! ",
"Wheelchair Accessible: Yes! ",
"Contact Owner: Perennial Artisan Ales On BPT Since: 16 Nov 2011 Rachel Ogborn [email protected]... www.perennialbeer.com/even...\n\nAsk a question... Ask!",
"\n\n"
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[
"1988 OTB Open – Women's Singles\n\nCamille Benjamin was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Terry Phelps.",
"\n\nGretchen Magers won in the final 7–6, 6–4 against Phelps.",
"\n\nSeeds\nA champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.",
"\n\n Elly Hakami (Quarterfinals)\n Gretchen Magers (Champion)\n Wendy White (Second Round)\n Terry Phelps (Final)\n Ann Henricksson (First Round)\n Camille Benjamin (Semifinals)\n Lisa Bonder (First Round)\n Amy Frazier (First Round)\n\nDraw\n\nReferences\n 1988 OTB Open Draw\n\nWomen's Singles\nSingles"
] |
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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0.0008409229922108352
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[
"Tag: hangover food\n\nMelted cheese. ",
"Is there anything more comforting in the world? ",
"OK, a hug from a dear one and a warm duvet perhaps. ",
"But next up is melted cheese.",
"\n\nIf in the mood for the ultimate comfort food (maybe because of a heavy night the evening before or just feeling a bit meh), I have the perfect recipe for you. ",
"This grilled cheese is exactly how I want it. ",
"Fried bread, melted cheese oozing out on the sides and a little depth from cayenne.",
"\n\nMaking something as simple as a sandwich, it’s important the ingredients are of great quality. ",
"You want a nice sourdough bread and nice cheeses.",
"\n\nBest ever grilled cheese sandwich, serves 2\n\n4 large white slices of sourdough bread\n\nsalted butter\n\nmedium cheddar, coarsely grated\n\ncomté, finely grated\n\nsmall pinch of cayenne\n\nSpread one side of each slice of bread with butter. ",
"Place a large heap of grated cheddar on two of the slices, on the buttered side. ",
"Add comté and a pinch of cayenne. ",
"Place another slice of bread, buttered side down, on top so you have two sandwiches.",
"\n\nButter one of the outsides of each sandwich and place buttered side down in a frying pan on medium heat. ",
"Butter the other side of each sandwich and flip the sandwiches around after a few minutes. ",
"Lower the heat if needed. ",
"What we want to achieve is melted cheese in the middle and crispy golden bread on the outside. ",
"When done, remove the sandwiches from the pan. ",
"Add a layer of grated comté to the frying pan and put the sandwiches back in, creating a crispy layer of cheese on the outside of the sandwich. ",
"Repeat on the other side. ",
"Remove from the pan and cut in half (or four). ",
"Enjoy!"
] |
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[
"Bengaluru, June 4 ( IANS ) The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR ), India's largest research and development organisation that runs 37 laboratories, has declared a financial emergency.",
"Its Director General, Girish Sahni , has said that out of Rs 40.63 billion (Rs 4,063 crore) budgetary allocation for the current year (2017-18), after meeting the salaries, pensions, capital and other commitments, \"the balance available for laboratory allocations and various new research projects\" is only Rs 2.02 billion (Rs 202 crore). ",
"Of this, a sum of Rs 1.58 billion (Rs 158 crore) has already been allocated.",
"\"If we were to release further sums we will be left with no funds to support new research projects,\" he has in a letter informed all the laboratory directors. \"",
"This is the stark reality.",
"\"In view of this tight position, further requirements for funds have to be met by laboratories from their external earnings , Sahni said.",
"According to the letter, seen by this correspondent, the constraints of budget arising from the implementation of the 7th Pay Commission for the employees as well as pensioners leave CSIR with no other alternative.",
"Sahni has asked the laboratories to make a business development report on status of technologies \"that can be out-licensed to industries/stakeholders immediately\".",
"\"Each lab should make a compendium of its current technology basket (old and new ones) as well as at least one outstanding game-changer technology that it can provide in the short run,\" he said. \"",
"Kindly note that this is a very important activity and should not be neglected at any cost.",
"\"The Council's Business Development Group has also been asked to come up with \"a strategy paper on the road map to market CSIR's knowledge base\" before the end of June 2017.Further, it has been decided that all new projects of CSIR laboratories \"must have involvement of stakeholders who should bear the \"cost of all temporary manpower, consumables & contingencies\" and share at least 30 per cent of capital cost.",
"Sahni hoped that CSIR would not only tide over the present financial constraints \"but come up with a robust business model for the sustenance\" of its laboratories.",
"Sahni said that at the directors' meeting held recently in Hyderabad , it was resolved that the CSIR will on its own generate 25 per cent of its budget for this financial year and \"take immediate steps that will enable us to progressively to meet 50 per cent of the total budget by 2020\".",
"This, he said, is \"a step that will give greater functional and financial autonomy and self-respect to our organisation\".(K.S. Jayaraman is a veteran science journalist. ",
"He can be contacted at [email protected])--IANSjayaraman/sac"
] |
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[
"The Queen taking tea with Mrs Susan McCarron in the Castlemilk area of Glasgow. ",
"Photograph: David Cheskin/PA News\n\nOwen Jones's indignant, well-argued debut begins with a joke: \"It's sad that Woolworth's is closing. ",
"Where will all the chavs buy their Christmas presents?\" ",
"This was uttered by the host of a dinner party attended by the author in \"a gentrified part of east London\", at which liberal views are taken as a given and, though everyone present has a professional job, not everyone is white, male or straight.",
"\n\nJones, who is in his late 20s and has worked both as a trade-union lobbyist and as a parliamentary researcher for a Labour MP, doesn't say how he reacted to this mindless put-down at the time. ",
"Did he refuse to eat the blackcurrant cheesecake that was being \"carefully sliced\" as his host sought to fill an awkward silence? ",
"Did he storm out and call time on their friendship? ",
"Whatever he did on the night, its casual malice led him, indirectly, to write this book, which argues that class hatred is the last acceptable prejudice.",
"\n\nChavs is packed full of good reporting and useful information. ",
"Jones singles out for opprobrium middle-class contempt towards working-class people, those regarded by rightwing commentators such as Simon Heffer as the \"feral underclass\". ",
"In this caricature, peddled by spittle-flecked websites such as chavscum.co.uk and tacitly endorsed by the mass media, \"chav\" means \"underclass\", which means working-class people who don't keep their noses clean or behave impeccably. ",
"The word's etymology is contested: some accounts associate its origin with chavi, a Romany word for \"child\" or \"youth\", which developed into \"charva\" – meaning scallywag – used for a long time in the northeast. ",
"Others treat it as an acronym for \"Council Housed and Violent\". ",
"Its wider use took off about 10 years ago. ",
"In early 2004 I worked briefly for a tabloid newspaper whose offices rang with its daily use (along with its bedmate, \"pikey\"), directed not towards the paper's readers, but towards those it was assumed would be too \"thick\" to read any newspaper at all. ",
"Chavs, Jones writes, are unremittingly portrayed as \"Thick. ",
"Violent. ",
"Criminal.\" ",
"Travel brochures still apparently promise \"Chav-Free Activity Holidays\", while the London fitness chain Gymbox has felt free to advertise classes in \"Chav Fighting\".",
"\n\nJones digs beneath this foul new orthodoxy to reiterate the facts of increasing inequality, which has led British society to become ever more segregated by class, income and neighbourhood. ",
"In such circumstances, miscommunication has deepened between the classes; the Conservatives' demeaning of trade unions has helped to strip the working classes of what public voice they had, so that the middle class has effectively become the new decision-making class.",
"\n\nBut while it's always right to argue, and to keep arguing, that the balance of power in our social and economic structure is hopelessly, immorally off-whack, there is a cost to denying the personal volition of working-class individuals. ",
"Jones – understandably given the book's subtitle – treats class hatred as a one-way street, rather than a collusive, often subtle, process which demeans everyone. ",
"In fact, a great deal of chav-bashing goes on within working-class neighbourhoods, partly because of the age-old divide between those who aim for \"respectability\" and those who disdain it. ",
"Inverse snobbery can also be expressed towards those perceived to be \"stuck-up\". ",
"New Labour pummelled liberal critics with populist arguments that ran along this pre-existing faultline. ",
"Both Jack Straw and David Blunkett, with seats in Labour's post-industrial \"heartlands\", tried to out-Asbo each other during their respective terms as home secretary. ",
"Middle-class hatred of working-class people – or, rather, a particular image of working-class people which some hold in their minds – is a different beast, saying more about the way in which the education system, especially, is structured to prevent most privileged students from ever having to confront their own averageness.",
"\n\nThe one occasion on which the agency of an individual is properly invoked by Jones is in his discussion of the case of Shannon Matthews, the Dewsbury schoolgirl whose mother, Karen, conspired to have her kidnapped in the hope of netting a £50,000 police reward. ",
"In that case, Karen Matthews is rightly considered to represent only herself, rather than her wider, poor working-class community, on which the newspaper stories fixated. ",
"Yet a similarly detailed chapter on spurious links made in the mass media between support for the BNP and \"white working-class culture\" makes no such distinction. ",
"Jones claims that \"hundreds of thousands of working-class people\" were \"driven into the waiting arms of the BNP\" before the party's electoral collapse in 2010, but he fails properly to establish the link between being working class and holding far-right views. ",
"He adds fuel to the fire by adding: \"Karl Marx once described religion as 'the sigh of the oppressed creature': something similar could be said about the rise of the far right today.\" ",
"Quite apart from the questionable nature of equating religious faith with fascist sympathies, the quote points to a difficult truth about left-of-Labour politics: it requires working-class people to be \"oppressed creatures\", always victims, not rational actors in a play they help to write.",
"\n\nDivide-and-rule political gambits don't work unless there are enough people who don't already tend, in some way, to one side or the other: classes are complicated entities. ",
"One example of this is how different people living in council housing reacted in 1980 to the introduction of the \"right to buy\" policy, which, Jones argues, was calculated to undermine working-class solidarity. ",
"Their decisions were partly a reflection of the circumstances they were in, and partly a reflection of their broader outlook as individuals. ",
"Some people thought the idea of owning their own home was wonderful, or held it as a long-term aspiration. ",
"Others found the idea repellent and saw it as a deliberate attempt to break up communities. ",
"Still others were concerned only with the practical elements – could we afford to replace our own boiler?",
"\n\nJones doesn't acknowledge this, preferring to treat \"the working class\" as a single political bloc. ",
"Because of this tendency, it can feel as though he romanticises an ideal of working-class life which doesn't always hold true. ",
"There is a tinge of the noble savage here and there, particularly in the over-careful way he presents and interprets quotes by his working-class interviewees. ",
"Despite this fault, Chavs makes an important contribution to a revivified debate about class."
] |
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[
"package de.techdev.trackr.domain.employee;\n\nimport org.springframework.data.repository.",
"Repository;\nimport org.springframework.data.rest.core.annotation.",
"RepositoryRestResource;\n\nimport java.util.",
"List;\n\n@RepositoryRestResource(exported = false)\npublic interface SettingsRepository extends Repository<Settings, Long> {\n\n Settings save(Settings settings);\n\n List<Settings> findByEmployee_Email(String email);\n\n Settings findByTypeAndEmployee_Email(Settings.",
"SettingsType type, String email);\n\n}\n"
] |
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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0.0008357840706594288,
0.0007278460543602705,
0.0007612387998960912
] | 0.000738 | 5 |
[
"The present invention is directed to a joint for transferring load from the underframe of a locomotive to the cant rail of the locomotive's car body. ",
"The joint includes a base connected to the underframe of the locomotive with a body portion attached thereto. ",
"This body portion carries a generally diagonally situated member connected to the cant rail of the car body of the locomotive, such that some of the load from the underframe is transferred to the base of the joint, through the body portion of the joint, to the diagonally situated member and to the cant rail during bending of the underframe of the locomotive. ",
"In another aspect of the present invention, the joint may be generally flexible to accommodate bending of the car body and underframe of the locomotive relative to their respective stiffness.",
"\nFIG. ",
"1 illustrates a traditional locomotive. ",
"The locomotive's car body 102 is generally fixed and welded to an underframe 100 at 106 and welded to a cab 104 at 108. ",
"The underframe 100 and cab 104 are also welded together at 110. ",
"In this traditional arrangement, the underframe 100 is generally heavy; it may be between about 70,000 and about 100,000 pounds and is generally about 90,000 pounds. ",
"Accordingly, any bending of the underframe 100 is generally minimal and gradual.",
"\nHowever, in the course of operation, the traditional locomotive's engine transfers vibrations to any connected structures. ",
"These vibrations cause the panels of the cab structure to vibrate and contribute to an increase in noise level within the cab. ",
"In order to reduce the noise level in the cab structure, the cab may be supported on isolators. ",
"Locomotives with isolated cabs are preferable because, in addition to limiting noise, they limit shock vibrations in the cab.",
"\nIn contrast to the traditional locomotive, the bending of the underframe of a locomotive with an isolated cab is not gradual and, because the underframe is generally light and flexible (between about 40,000 and about 50,000 pounds, generally about 45,000 pounds), it is easily bent. ",
"In a locomotive having an isolated cab 204, as shown in FIG. ",
"2, or any other locomotive having a generally lighter and more flexible underframe 200, the locomotive operational loads transfer from the underframe 200 structure to the car body 202. ",
"In this arrangement, the cab 204 is isolated from the underframe 200 and the car body 202 (i.e. there is no welding between the cab 204 and underframe 200 and there is no welding between the cab 204 and the car body 202). ",
"Instead, the cab 204 includes isolators 208 (e.g., bushings or the like) which limit shock vibration in the cab 204. ",
"In this arrangement, the underframe 200 and car body 202 are welded and form a weld joint, which causes the underframe 200 and car body 202 to rotate together. ",
"The point of rotation 212 is at the point where the car body 202 and the underframe 200 meet behind the cab 204. ",
"Since the welding of these two structures will lead to the same rotational value, their different stiffness values will lead to high stress concentrations at the connection between them. ",
"As shown in FIG. ",
"3, the rotational value θ for the underframe 300 and car body 302 is the same, causing high stress at the point of rotation 312. ",
"Accordingly, the portion of the underframe 300a connected to the isolated cab will bend more than the portion of the underframe 300b welded to the car body 302, thereby causing high stress to the underframe 300 at the point of rotation 312. ",
"One example of an isolated cab system is described in U.S. patent application Ser. ",
"No. ",
"11/943,261, entitled “Cab Isolation System for a Locomotive,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein and made a part hereof.",
"\nVarious attempts have been made to provide construction for a locomotive and underframe that provide the necessary strength and durability for the highly stressed portion of the car body. ",
"For example, a direct-bolted fastener has been used to attach the engine and generator directly to the underframe of the locomotive. ",
"Nevertheless, this arrangement has caused inordinate stresses in the engine bed and base structure, resulting at times in distortion, misalignment or deformation of the lower portions of the engine.",
"\nTherefore, in order to resolve the problem of force distribution, it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a joint to transfer some of the load from the underframe to the cant rail and transfer the remainder of load back through the underframe. ",
"In another aspect of the present invention, the joint may be generally flexible to enable the underframe and car body to rotate with different rotational values relative to their stiffness values. ",
"Since both structural components are allowed to rotate separately, the stress concentration problems have been resolved."
] |
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"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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[
"Teenager In Love lyrics\n\nDick Brave\n\nRate this song:\n\nTeenager In Love Video:\n\nLyrics to Teenager In Love\nEach time we have a quarrel\nIt almost breaks my heart\nCause I am so afraid\nThat we will have to part\nEach night I ask\nThe stars up above\nWhy must I be a teenager in love\nOne day I feel so happy\nNext day I feel so sad\nCause I have learn to take\nThe good with the bad\nEach night I ask the stars up above\nWhy must I be a teenager in love\nI cried a tear (duabduab)\nFor nobody but you (duabduab)\nI'll be the lonely one if you should say we're through\nWell if you want to make me cry\nThat won't be so hard to do\nAnd if you should say goodbye\nI'll still go on loving you\nEach night I ask the stars up above\nWhy must I be a teenager in love\nI cried a tear (duabduab)\nFor nobody but you (duabduab)\nI'll be the lonely one if you should say we're through\nWell if you want to make me cry\nThat won't be so hard to do\nAnd if you should say goodbye\nI'll still go on loving you\nEach night I ask the stars up above\nWhy must I be a teenager in love (in loooove)\nWhy must I be a teenager in love (in loooove)\nWhy must I be a teenager in love (in loooove)\nWhy must I be a teenager in love (in loooove)\n[repeat last line to finish]"
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[
"GAD65 as a potential marker for cognitive performance in an adult population with prediabetes.",
"\nDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in aged populations. ",
"However, there are inconsistent reports about impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or prediabetes as an independent risk factor for cognitive function. ",
"Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) is the key enzyme responsible for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis in the central nervous system. ",
"Antibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Abs) are not only detected in approximately 80% of early-onset type 1 DM, but also linked to several neurological disorders. ",
"This study aims to investigate the association between GAD65Ab titer levels and cognitive performance. ",
"In addition, we assessed the effect of GAD65Ab on cognitive function in adults with normal fasting glucose, prediabetes and DM. ",
"A total of 328 subjects aged 49.10 ± 5.72 years were enrolled from the Third Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) dataset. ",
"Cognitive performance was assessed by three computerized neurobehavioral tests, including the serial digit learning test (SDLT), simple reaction time test (SRTT), and symbol-digit substitution test (SDST). ",
"Subjects with higher GAD65Ab titers had significantly poorer cognitive function in the SRTT and SDST (p < 0.05). ",
"Additionally, GAD65Ab was associated with cognitive decline in nondiabetic adults after adjusting for a number of relevant variables (p < 0.05 in both SRTT and SDST). ",
"These results indicate that GAD65Ab may be a potential marker for cognitive impairment in nondiabetic adults."
] |
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[
"A modified Toyota Supra used in 2001’s The Fast and The Furious has come up for auction.",
"\n\nYou know the one. ",
"2JZE engine. ",
"NOS. ",
"Bright orange paintwork. ",
"19-speed gearbox. ",
"Yep, ladies and gentlemen, Mecum Auctions is offering up one of the original Supra stunt cars driven by the late Paul Walker.",
"\n\nOf course, it’s not the only modified Supra in existence. ",
"This car was one of several Supras used in the movie - specifically the final race scene where it jumps a railroad crossing - and one of 58 stunt cars all built by a chap named Eddie Paul.",
"\n\nSo, befitting its ‘hero car’ status, Mecum tells us this particular Supra gets a full roll cage, heavy duty suspension, a set of competition seats and a strengthened fuel tank.",
"\n\nThere’s more, too. ",
"Along with that wild body kit and huge rear wing, there are those famous alloy wheels shod in Yokohama tyres, body graphics, a performance steering wheel, and many gauges telling you many things. ",
"Like speed.",
"\n\nIt’s not fast, though. ",
"This one’s the non-turbo version of Toyota’s classic straight-six, here producing 220bhp, and matched up to a five-speed gearbox driving the rear wheels. ",
"In the movie world of course, Walker’s character drives the twin-turbo version, with many gears and many horsepowers, to blow away a Ferrari F355…\n\nThis particular car recently came first in class at the Detroit AutoRama hot rod exhibition. ",
"The auction takes place between 12-17 May, with an expected sale price, of, um, up to £130k ($200,000).",
"\n\nVia Mecum Auctions"
] |
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] | 0.000897 | 18 |
[
"I resubmitted the claim by mail and have not heard anything - the service I \nhave received from the customer service department in the last six months has \nbeen terrible - one delay after another - lost claims. ",
" It is very \nfrustrating. ",
" I will let you know when I get a response. ",
" \n\n \n Thank you!"
] |
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"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
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0.0006528116064146161
] | 0.000773 | 4 |
[
"\n\nShow HN: Thrive: a personal, actionable, vision board. - ",
"alexshye\nhttps://www.thrivegood.com/\n\n======\ndbm44\nVery nicely designed.",
"\n\nI would be tempted to make the register link at the top right more prominent.",
"\nYou have to scroll quite a bit to get to the register button at the bottom.",
"\nHaving it more visible above the fold should help your signups\n\n~~~\nalexshye\nYes, maybe the navigation bar isn't necessary for the login page and both the\nlogin and registration should be more prominent. ",
"Thanks for the feedback!",
"\n\n------\nalexshye\nHello HN!",
"\n\nI quit my job in April 2012 to pick up web development. ",
"The HN community has\nbeen great for learning and startup inspiration, so I figure its time to share\nwhat I've been working on.",
"\n\nHere's what one could call my first real web app. ",
"Look forward to your\nfeedback!",
"\n\nI also wrote up a blog post introducing the site a little here:\n\n<http://thrivegood.wordpress.com/2012/09/25/thrive-is-alive/>\n\n------\nsteem\n\"actionable\" is the keyword. :) ",
"Love this idea\n\n~~~\nalexshye\nThanks!",
"\n\n------\nhackerchic\nNice! ",
"This is a beautifully designed app!",
"\n\n~~~\nalexshye\nThanks.. If you have any feedback or questions about anything, let me know!",
"\n\n"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
[
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0.0006537927547469735,
0.0005697642336599529,
0.00065421755425632,
0.0005901805707253516,
0.000557405932340771,
0.002082524821162224,
0.0006947413203306496,
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0.0017550162738189101,
0.0007583152037113905,
0.0006562990602105856,
0.001995444530621171
] | 0.000864 | 17 |
[
"DNA loss and evolution of genome size in Drosophila.",
"\nMutation is often said to be random. ",
"Although it must be true that mutation is ignorant about the adaptive needs of the organism and thus is random relative to them as a rule, mutation is not truly random in other respects. ",
"Nucleotide substitutions, deletions, insertions, inversions, duplications and other types of mutation occur at different rates and are effected by different mechanisms. ",
"Moreover the rates of different mutations vary from organism to organism. ",
"Differences in mutational biases, along with natural selection, could impact gene and genome evolution in important ways. ",
"For instance, several recent studies have suggested that differences in insertion/deletion biases lead to profound differences in the rate of DNA loss in animals and that this difference per se can lead to significant changes in genome size. ",
"In particular, Drosophila melanogaster appears to have a very high rate of deletions and the correspondingly high rate of DNA loss and a very compact genome. ",
"To assess the validity of these studies we must first assess the validity of the measurements of indel biases themselves. ",
"Here I demonstrate the robustness of indel bias measurements in Drosophila, by comparing indel patterns in different types of nonfunctional sequences. ",
"The indel pattern and the high rate of DNA loss appears to be shared by all known nonfunctional sequences, both euchromatic and heterochromatic, transposable and non-transposable, repetitive and unique. ",
"Unfortunately all available nonfunctional sequences are untranscribed and thus effects of transcription on indel bias cannot be assessed. ",
"I also discuss in detail why it is unlikely that natural selection for or against DNA loss significantly affects current estimates of indel biases."
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
[
0.0006390559137798846,
0.0006039220024831593,
0.001649669837206602,
0.0006700710509903729,
0.0005585446488112211,
0.0006207231199368834,
0.0006093400297686458,
0.0008305933442898095,
0.0005475296638906002,
0.0006222599186003208,
0.0006861815927550197,
0.0006448169588111341,
0.0005544426385313272
] | 0.000711 | 13 |
[
"Rockusb (Rockchip USB protocol)\n=====================================================\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nRockusb protocol is widely used by Rockchip SoC based devices. ",
"It can\nread/write info, image to/from devices. ",
"This document briefly describes how to\nuse Rockusb for upgrading firmware (e.g. kernel, u-boot, rootfs, etc.).",
"\n\nTools\n--------\nThere are many tools can support Rockusb protocol. ",
"rkdeveloptool\n(https://github.com/rockchip-linux/rkdeveloptool) is open source,\nIt is maintained by Rockchip. ",
"People don't want to build from source\ncan download from here\n(https://github.com/rockchip-linux/rkbin/blob/master/tools/rkdeveloptool)\n\nUsage\n--------\nThe Usage of Rockusb command is:\n\nrockusb <USB_controller> <devtype> <dev[:part]>\n\ne.g. rockusb 0 mmc 0\n\nOn your U-Boot console, type this command to enter rockusb mode.",
"\nOn your host PC. ",
"use lsusb command. ",
"you should see a usb device\nusing 0x2207 as its USB verdor id.\n\nfor more detail about the rkdeveloptool. ",
"please read the usage.",
"\n\nrkdeveloptool -h\n\nuse rkdeveloptool wl command to write lba. ",
"BeginSec is the lba on device\nyou want to write.",
"\n\nsudo rkdeveloptool wl <BeginSec> <File>\n\nto flash U-Boot image use below command. ",
"U-Boot binary is made by mkimage.",
"\nsee doc/README.rockchip for more detail about how to get U-Boot binary.",
"\n\nsudo rkdeveloptool wl 64 <U-Boot binary>\n\nCurrent set of rkdeveloptool commands supported:\n- rci: Read Chip Info\n- rfi: Read Flash Id\n- rd : Reset Device\n- td : Test Device Ready\n- rl : Read blocks using LBA\n- wl : Write blocks using LBA\n- wlx: Write partition\n\nTo do\n-----\n* Fully support Rockusb protocol\n"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
[
0.0028828484937548637,
0.0006283263210207224,
0.0005870725144632161,
0.0006747028091922402,
0.001052281353622675,
0.0010767787462100387,
0.0007770982920192182,
0.0007611085311509669,
0.0006350532057695091,
0.0005387946148402989,
0.0015244735404849052,
0.0010267411125823855,
0.001502751256339252,
0.0034487396478652954,
0.0018460442079231143,
0.0012331705074757338
] | 0.001262 | 16 |
[
"Rockstar Energy Husqvarna’s Ruben Faria third in Dakar stage 4\n\nWritten by Husqvarna Factory Team on 6 Jan 2016, 22:43. ",
"Posted in Dakar Rally\n\nRockstar Energy Husqvarna’s Ruben Faria proved he is a Dakar rider of resilience and experience on Wednesday when he made a strong recovery to finish second in Stage 4. ",
"Faria was just two minutes 35 behind stage winner and fellow Portuguese Paolo Goncalves. ",
"Both riders advanced two positions in the results after the original leader Joan Barreda picked up a 5-minute speeding penalty.",
"\n\nWith this result Faria has put a difficult day in Stage 3 behind him and is now fifth in the overall standings. ",
"He is seven minutes 21 off the leading time but there is a long way to go in this 9,000km journey.",
"\n\nFactory teammate Pablo Quintanilla of Chile was tenth in the stage and is currently eighth overall. ",
"He will be working hard to trim the 9.05 gap to the leaders in the coming days.",
"\n\nQuintanilla: “We rode a lot in the Dakar manner if you consider the amount of kilometers, although only on trails and little navigation. ",
"My idea was to leave Argentina without making mistakes and I did succeed. ",
"I hope that as we enter Bolivia we find more offroad because that is my real strength and I can put on the pressure.”",
"\n\nUnfortunately the stage came to an abrupt end for the team rookie Pela Renet. ",
"He started very strongly and rode between fourth and ninth position almost to the end of the special. ",
"But he then crashed at the 400km mark, just 29km from the finish and has had to withdraw from the competition.”",
"\n\nWednesday was the first half of a marathon stage where riders were not allowed to touch their bikes from the time they entered the bivouac. ",
"The stage, which took competitors in a loop around Jujuy, also represented another long ride – a total distance of 629km. ",
"It was also at an average altitude of 3500 meters over a mix of sandy and rocky terrain.",
"\n\nRockstar Energy Husqvarna Team Manager Daniel Trauner: “We’re really satisfied with Ruben Faria, who does a brilliant job and was second in this stage. ",
"Hopefully he will continue like this for the rest of the marathon stage. ",
"Also Pablo, who is not really used to riding the fast tracks, is satisfied with his position. ",
"He’s very motivated and confident for the stage tomorrow. ",
"He also told us he was able to save the tyre. ",
"Unfortunately Pela (Renet) crashed today. ",
"He has had scans and checks and there is no broken bones.”",
"\n\nOn Thursday riders must look after bikes and tyres through Stage 5, but there is an additional challenge. ",
"The rally enters Bolivia and during the timed special they will climb to 4,600m altitude. ",
"Organizers have also promised that navigation is about to get more difficult so riders will have to concentrate on their road books on the way from Jujuy to Uyuni, a distance of 642km, with a timed special of 327km."
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
[
0.0006130262045189738,
0.0007223712163977325,
0.0009607638348825276,
0.0006455763941630721,
0.0008643273031339049,
0.0009303289116360247,
0.0007594740600325167,
0.0006689726142212749,
0.0005935701192356646,
0.0013557502534240484,
0.0008655532146804035,
0.0009939376031979918,
0.0007810720708221197,
0.0008482306730002165,
0.00097982760053128,
0.0007336693233810365,
0.0006247638375498354,
0.0005728623946197331,
0.0006240386283025146,
0.0007261977880261838,
0.0005673992563970387,
0.0006999119068495929,
0.0011319067561998963,
0.000667679007165134,
0.0005947709432803094,
0.0005726186209358275,
0.0005684089846909046
] | 0.000765 | 27 |
[
"1935 Uruguayan Primera División\n\nStatistics of Primera División Uruguaya for the 1935 season.",
"\n\nOverview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Peñarol won the championship.",
"\n\nLeague standings\n\nReferences\nUruguay - List of final tables (RSSSF)\n\nCategory:Uruguayan Primera División seasons\nCategory:1935 in Uruguayan football\nUru"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
[
0.0006138806929811835,
0.0007296510739251971,
0.0006117876619100571
] | 0.000652 | 3 |
[
"Introduction\n============\n\nHigh-quality edible oils should meet the requirements of good stability, long shelf life, bland odor and taste, good nutritional quality, abundant vitamins, and no contaminants ([@B29]; [@B15]). ",
"Most types of crude vegetable oils extracted using traditional pressing or extraction technology contain colloidal substances, mainly phospholipids ([@B13]). ",
"Phospholipids are usually combined with impurities, such as proteins, mucus, and trace metals, in crude vegetable oils ([@B10]). ",
"These colloidal substances directly reduce the quality of oils and affect subsequent refining processes ([@B9]). ",
"Water degumming removes 88.5% and retains 51.1 ppm of phosphorus in oil ([@B48]). ",
"The residual phosphorus in hydrated oil could be removed by using acid and enzymatic degumming approaches. ",
"Enzymatic oil degumming was industrially proven and well accepted for its advantages of energy saving and environmental protection compared with acid degumming ([@B34]). ",
"However, the current high cost of phospholipase increases the production cost of oil and limits the wide application of enzymatic degumming. ",
"In addition, the residual phospholipase cannot be recovered and reused and still remain in the oil by free phospholipase degumming. ",
"Therefore, the preparation of high-quality phospholipase and its reuse by immobilization determine the application degree of enzymatic degumming ([@B34]).",
"\n\nOuter-membrane phospholipase A (A1) (OM-PLA1) is an enzyme present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria ([@B6]). ",
"OM-PLA1 hydrolyzes the acylester bonds in phospholipids and lysophospholipids. ",
"OM-PLA1 possesses a more conserved and specific determinant in the lipid headgroup compared with other phospholipases ([@B28]). ",
"In the glyceryl complexes, OM-PLA1 has high tolerance to the headgroups of triglyceride, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine ([@B37]). ",
"In addition, crude vegetable oils widely contain the glyceryl complexes of glycerophosphate, glycerophosphatidyl choline, and glycerophosphatidyl ethanolamine ([@B34]). ",
"OM-PLA1 is an effective alternative for the degumming of crude plant oil ([@B27]). ",
"Therefore, in this study, a novel *OM-PLA1* from *S. marcescens* was applied to crude rapeseed oil degumming.",
"\n\nThe protein loading of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) is much higher than that of granular activated carbon, diatomite and powdered activated carbon ([@B7]). ",
"Graphene oxide is an important derivative of graphene. ",
"The surface of graphene oxide has many oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl, carbonyl) and can be loaded with metal or metal oxides ([@B8]). ",
"The surface of graphene oxide Fe~3~O~4~ nanocomposite is adhering to magnetic nanoiron with superparamagnetism, which makes it have good magnetic separation characteristics and strong adsorption capacity. ",
"In addition, graphene oxide Fe~3~O~4~ nanocomposite also has advantages of high specific surface area, super strength, high activity recovery, and immobilization efficiency of enzyme compared to other immobilization approaches ([@B19]; [@B43]).",
"\n\nAs an edible vegetable oil, crude rapeseed oil contains substantial phospholipids and causes oil discoloration and low oil quality ([@B44]; [@B22]). ",
"Engineered *P. pastoris* can effectively express exogenous protein ([@B40]). ",
"In this study, the *S. marcescens OM-PLA1* expression vector was transformed into the cells of *P. pastoris* GS115. ",
"The gene expression and OM-PLA1 immobilization for crude rapeseed oil degumming were investigated to develop an effective approach for the enzymatic degumming of vegetable oil ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\nMaterials and Methods {#s1}\n=====================\n\nMaterials\n---------\n\n*S. marcescens* isolated from the intestine of smelly mandarin fish (*Siniperca chuatsi*) was preserved in College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology. ",
"The smelly mandarin fish is a processed food product sold in market using traditional fermentation technology ([@B45]). ",
"The use of the dead mandarin fish is not unnecessary to obtain the approval from the institutional review board or ethics committee prior to commencing this study. *",
"P. pastoris* GS115 and plasmid pPIC9K were provided by Dr. Huang from Qingdao Vland Biotech Company. ",
"Chemical reagents were from Beijing Transgen Biotech Company. ",
"Gene sequencing and primer synthesis were performed by Shanghai Sangon Biotech.",
"\n\n*OM-PLA1* Cloning and Engineered *P. pastoris* Construction\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nAccording to the gene sequences of *OM-PLA1* in the NCBI database (HG326223.1), primer pair Us-OM-PLA1 and Ds-OM-PLA1 was synthesized to amplify the *S. marcescens* genome for *OM-PLA1* cloning using PCR amplification instrument (TOMOS, United States) ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"A phylogenetic tree was drawn by using Lagergene MegAlign software. ",
"The *OM-PLA1* gene was inserted into plasmid pEASY-E1. ",
"The recombinant plasmid was named pEASY-OM-PLA1 after sequencing confirmation. ",
"Then, pEASY-OM-PLA1 was used to amplify OM-PLA1 with upstream primer Us-*Snab*I-OM-PLA1 and downstream primer Ds-*Avr*II-OM-PLA1. ",
"OM-PLA1 carrying cohesive ends was inserted into the pPIC9K plasmid digested by *Snab*I and *Avr*II ([@B14]; [@B12]). ",
"The recombinant plasmid was named pPIC9K-OM-PLA1 by sequencing confirmation. ",
"pPIC9K-OM-PLA1 was transformed into *P. pastoris* GS115 by electroporation ([@B16]). ",
"The electrophoresis device and gel imaging system for DNA test were from Bio-Rad Company (United States).",
"\n\nOM-PLA1 Inducible Expression and Purification\n---------------------------------------------\n\nThe inducible expression of OM-PLA1-engineered *P. pastoris* GS115 was investigated under different methanol concentrations and induction times ([@B3]). ",
"Fermentation media were prepared by yeast extract 1% (w/v), peptone 2% (w/v), 100 mM pH6 potassium phosphate buffer, YNB 1.34% (w/v), biotin 4 × 10^-5^ % (w/v), and glycerol 1% (w/v). ",
"The engineered *P. pastoris* colony was cultured in fermentation media at a shaking speed of 200 rpm at 30°C for 36 h. The collected *P. pastoris* cells were inoculated into the fermentation media added with 1 mM methanol. ",
"The final cell concentration at OD600 of 20 was cultured with a shaking speed of 200 rpm at 30°C. ",
"A Ni^2+^-chelating affinity chromatography column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, United Kingdom) was pre-equilibrated by a pH 8 buffer prepared by 20 mM imidazole, 50 mM NaH~2~PO~4~, and 300 mM NaCl. ",
"After the recombinant OM-PLA1 was purified by the column ([@B41]), OM-PLA1 profile analysis was performed by SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad, United States) ([@B3]).",
"\n\n###### \n\nPrimers for gene cloning and vector construction.",
"\n\n Primer name Sequences\n --------------------- ----------------------------------------------------\n Us-OM-PLA1 5′-TATGCGCATTTTGTCAGGGA-3′\n Ds-OM-PLA1 5′-GATTACATAATATCGTTCAGC-3′\n Us-*Snab*I- OM-PLA1 5′-[GGGAAA]{.ul}**TACGTA**TATGCGCATTTTGTCAGGGA-3′\n Ds-*Avr*II- OM-PLA1 5′-[GGGAAA]{.ul}**CCTAGG**GATTACATAATATCGTTCAGC-3′\n\nFe~3~O~4~/Graphene Oxide Preparation and OM-PLA1 Immobilization\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\nMagnetic Fe~3~O~4~/graphene oxide (MGO) was prepared by mixing 1.5 g of freeze-dried graphene oxide, 0.3 g of FeSO~4~⋅7H~2~O, and 0.4 g of FeCl~3~⋅6H~2~O in 50 mL of deionized water ([@B17]; [@B1]; [@B47]). ",
"OM-PLA1 was immobilized by mixing glutaraldehyde, OM-PLA1, 1 g of MGO, and 50 mL of the immobilization buffer prepared by 0.01 M citric acid and 0.02 M hydrogen phosphate disodium. ",
"The parameters of pH, treatment time, and glutaraldehyde concentration were investigated to produce the MGO-OM-PLA1 complex. ",
"MGO-OM-PLA1 was separated and recovered by magnets and washed three times by the immobilization buffer ([@B31]). ",
"Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi SU8020, Japan) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR, Thermo Nicolet 67, United States) were used to observe the microstructure and the spectral characteristic of MGO-OM-PLA1, respectively ([@B18]; [@B20]).",
"\n\n{#F2}\n\n{#F3}\n\nMGO-OM-PLA1 Degumming of Rapeseed Oil\n-------------------------------------\n\nEnzymatic degumming was performed by adding MGO-OM-PLA1 in the crude rapeseed oil ([@B23]). ",
"The phosphorus content of crude rapeseed oil was 55.6 mg/kg. ",
"Enzymatic degumming was carried out with the addition of 0.02% MGO-OM-PLA1 (w/w) into a weight of 150 g crude rapeseed oil at 50°C. ",
"MGO-OM-PLA1 was recovered by magnets to terminate the degumming reaction. ",
"The times of rapeseed oil degumming were determined when the phosphorus concentration was lower than 10 mg/kg rapeseed oil at each time. ",
"The recovered MGO-OM-PLA1 particles were reused for the next degumming of rapeseed oil.",
"\n\n{#F4}\n\n{#F5}\n\nDetermination of Phosphorus Content and OM-PLA1 Activity\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\nPhosphorus content was determined by a spectrophotometric method in accordance with Official Method Ca 12--55 using ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (Agilent CARY5000, United States) ([@B4]). ",
"The activity of OM-PLA1 was measured by the colorimetric assay using a pH indicator ([@B2]; [@B30]). ",
"Triton--soybean lecithin was prepared by using 10 g of soybean lecithin dissolved in 200 mL of 0.02% Triton X-100 solution (w/v). ",
"A 98 mL volume of Triton--soybean lecithin and 2 mL of fermentation solution were mixed. ",
"The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 10 by adding 0.01 M NaOH. ",
"The activity of OM-PLA1 was determined based on the consumed volume of NaOH. ",
"The activity of phospholipase is defined as a unit of phospholipase activity required to hydrolyze phospholipids for 1 min to produce 1 μmol of free fatty acids ([@B39]). ",
"Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ",
"Figures were drawn using Software Origin.",
"\n\n{#F6}\n\nResults\n=======\n\n*S. marcescens OM-PLA1* Cloning and Phylogenetic Tree Analysis\n--------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe size of the isolated *S. marcescens OM-PLA1* is 879 bp after sequencing confirmation ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which encodes 292 amino acid residues. ",
"The phylogenetic tree of phospholipase sequences from 19 different species was drawn ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). *",
"S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 showed the closest relationship to *Escherichia coli OM-PLA1* NC_000913.3 among the tested phospholipase-producing microorganisms. ",
"A close genetic relationship also existed between *Vibrio parahaemolyticus* OM-PLA NC_004603.1 and *Aliivibrio wodanis* PLA NZ_LN554848.1, *Ralstonia mannitolilytica* PLA NZ_CP010799.1, and *Ralstonia pickettii* PLA NC_010682.1. ",
"However, *S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 has a far genetic relationship with *Sphingomonas* sp. ",
"OM-PLA NC_008308.1 compared with other phospholipase genes.",
"\n\nRecombinant Expression of OM-PLA1 in *P. pastoris*\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nThe molecular weight of OM-PLA1 was appropriately 33 KDa by SDS-PAGE ([Figure 4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The induction time of methanol affecting the expression of recombinant OM-PLA1 was investigated ([Figure 5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The wild-type *P. pastoris* could not produce OM-PLA1 during the induction processing of methanol. ",
"The engineered *P. pastoris* could effectively produce the recombinant OM-PLA1. ",
"The activity of OM-PLA1 was 21.2 U/mL after induction by 1 mM methanol for 72 h. The production efficiencies of treatment time and cell concentration were 0.29 U/mL/h and 1.06 U/mL/OD600, respectively.",
"\n\n{#F7}\n\nFE-SEM Observation of the Fe~3~O~4~/GO Complex\n----------------------------------------------\n\nFE-SEM was used to investigate the microcosmic difference between GO and the prepared Fe~3~O~4~/GO ([Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The whole structure of GO was complete. ",
"The edge outline was clear and neat. ",
"The exfoliated lamellae of GO showed a smooth, thin, and large surface. ",
"No visible objects attached onto the surface of GO ([Figure 6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). [",
"Figure 6B](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows that the surface of the whole material was rough and convex. ",
"The iron oxide nanoparticles were largely anchored on the lamellae of GO in a highly dispersed state.",
"\n\n{#F8}\n\n{#F9}\n\nVery few of the GO were still exposed without attachment of granular objects. ",
"Fe~3~O~4~ particles showed spherical agglomeration. ",
"The thickness of coverage by Fe~3~O~4~ particles was inhomogeneous. ",
"The Fe~3~O~4~ particle size ranged from 10 to 30 nm. ",
"A small amount of Fe~3~O~4~ particles exceeded 50 nm of size.",
"\n\nFTIR Spectral Analysis of Graphene Oxide-Based Fe~3~O~4~ Nanoparticles\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFTIR spectroscopy was used to observe the preparation of MGO particles ([Figure 7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Multiple oxygen-containing functional groups existed on the surface and edge of GO. ",
"The absorption peaks of MGO particles obviously differed from those of graphite oxide. ",
"The characteristic absorption peaks at 3412, 1712, 1628, 1197, and 592 cm^-1^ corresponded to the stretching vibrations of O-H, C = O, C = C, C-O, and Fe-O. In the Fe~3~O~4~/GO composite, the absorption peaks at 1712, 1628, and 1197 cm^-1^ were greatly weakened in comparison with those of GO. ",
"The absorption peak of epoxy at 1197 cm^-1^ almost disappeared in the Fe~3~O~4~-GO composite, which reflected that chemical bonding existed between these oxygen-containing functional groups and Fe~3~O~4~ particles. ",
"In addition, the Fe-O absorption peaks from Fe~3~O~4~-GO at 592 cm^-1^ were significantly strengthened, which further proved that a close combination existed between Fe~3~O~4~ and GO.",
"\n\n{#F10}\n\n{#F11}\n\n###### \n\nExpression of the phospholipase gene in recombinant host strains.",
"\n\n Phospholipase Host strain Expression efficiency\n ----------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------\n *S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 *P. pastoris* 21.2 U/mL, 0.29 U/mL/h, this study\n *Fusarium oxysporum* PLB *P. pastoris* 6.6 g/L ([@B38])\n *Bacillus cereus* PLB *P. pastoris* 4.5 g/L ([@B10])\n *Streptomyces violaceoruber* PLA2 *P. pastoris* 34.7 U/mL ([@B26])\n *Thermotoga lettingae* PLB *E. coli* Half-life of 240 min at 90°C ([@B42])\n *Pseudomonas fluorescens* PLB *E. coli* 20.1% higher than the wild-type ([@B21])\n *Bacillus cereus* PLC *C. glutamicum* 5.5 g/L ([@B33])\n\nMGO-OM-PLA1 Preparation\n-----------------------\n\nThe effects of pH, glutaraldehyde concentration, and immobilization time on MGO-OM-PLA1 preparation were investigated ([Figure 8](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"At pH 6, the immobilization efficiency of OM-PLA1 reached 61.7% (w/w), which was the highest among the set parameters ([Figure 8A](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The highest immobilization efficiency was achieved when the glutaraldehyde concentration (v/v) was 7% ([Figure 8B](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In addition, the efficiency of OM-PLA1 immobilization reached 60.9% (w/w) after 3 h of treatment ([Figure 8C](#F8){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which was the higher than those at other times.",
"\n\nRapeseed Oil Degumming\n----------------------\n\nThe effect of pH and temperature on the activity of MGO-OM-PLA1 was investigated ([Figure 9A,B](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Under the conditions of pH 7.5 ([Figure 9A](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and 50°C ([Figure 9B](#F9){ref-type=\"fig\"}), the activity of MGO-OM-PLA1 reached the highest among the set parameters. ",
"Therefore, in this study, the parameters of pH 7.5 and 50°C were used to investigate the enzymatic degumming of crude vegetable oils.",
"\n\nMGO-OM-PLA1 was used in the enzymatic degumming of crude rapeseed oil ([Figure 10](#F10){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The contents of phosphorus in crude rapeseed oil gradually decreased with prolonged treatment time. ",
"The content of 0.02% MGO-OM-PLA1 (w/w) was used to perform enzymatic degumming with pH 7.5 at 50°C. ",
"After degumming for 2.5 h, the phosphorus content was 8.9 mg/kg rapeseed oil (below 10 mg/kg) from the initial concentration of 55.6 mg/kg rapeseed oil. ",
"After 4 h of degumming, the phosphorus contents further decreased to 5.1 mg/kg rapeseed oil.",
"\n\nRecovery and Reuse of MGO-OM-PLA1\n---------------------------------\n\nThe effect of recycling times on MGO-OM-PLA1 activity was investigated ([Figure 11](#F11){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"The activity of MGO-OM-PLA1 gradually decreased with prolonged degumming time. ",
"MGO-OM-PLA1 retained 90% of the initial activity after degumming for five times. ",
"After 13 times of recycling, the activity of MGO-OM-PLA1 decreased to 51.7% of the initial activity of the enzyme. ",
"Therefore, the half life of MGO-OM-PLA1 activity was regarded as 13 times for the enzymatic degumming of rapeseed oil.",
"\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nThe increase in oil yield and effective application on crude oils determines the development of enzymatic degumming. ",
"Enzymatic degumming has been applied in more than 30 crushing-refining plants. ",
"In general, a phosphorus content of below 10 mg/kg oil meets the actual requirement ([@B24]). ",
"Previous reports on crude oil degumming mainly focused on the breeding of strains producing phospholipase A2, B, and C ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The phospholipases of the recombinant strains possess high application values in enzymatic degumming ([@B42]; [@B9]; [@B38]). ",
"In this study, *S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 was effectively expressed in engineered *P. pastoris*. ",
"The activity and expression efficiency of OM-PLA1 were 21.2 U/mL and 0.29 U/mL/h, respectively. ",
"The immobilization product MGO-OM-PLA1 possessed excellent degumming capability of oil. ",
"The MGO-OM-PLA1 activity still retained 75 and 50% of the initial activity with 11 and 13 recycling times, respectively. ",
"In comparison with the reported 70% of the initial activity retained after seven recycles ([@B46]), MGO-OM-PLA1 has the advantages of more application frequencies and higher degumming efficiency. ",
"Therefore, *S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 expressed by recombinant *P. pastoris* exhibited a potential application value in the enzymatic degumming of oil.",
"\n\nThe material of immobilization is also a critical factor influencing the degumming of phospholipase. ",
"Octyl agarose, gelatin hydrogel, and cellulose triacetate have been applied to immobilize the commercial enzyme Lecitase (R) Ultra for oil degumming ([@B11]; [@B36]; [@B5]). ",
"In addition, sodium alginate and chitosan microparticles were crosslinked with Fe~3~O~4~ to immobilize phospholipase ([@B32]). ",
"In this study, graphene oxide was used to immobilize phospholipase OM-PLA1 for its advantage of a large number of functional groups on its surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups, which allow easy reaction with compounds ([@B25]). ",
"As a scaffold for enzyme immobilization, graphene oxide-based Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles possess a magnetic property ([@B35]), which facilitate easy recovery and reuse.",
"\n\nIn this study, graphene oxide-based Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles were used to immobilize *S. marcescens* OM-PLA1 for the enzymatic degumming of rapeseed oil. ",
"The contents of phosphorus decreased to 8.9 mg/kg rapeseed oil from 55.6 mg/kg rapeseed oil with 2.5 h of degumming. ",
"Therefore, this study provided an effective approach for the enzymatic degumming of crude vegetable oil. ",
"However, some problems remain to be solved. ",
"First, the immobilization efficiencies of OM-PLA1 and graphene oxide-based Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles can still be increased. ",
"Second, the effect of the crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde on the activity of OM-PLA1 need further analysis. ",
"Third, the degumming effect of MGO-OM-PLA1 on other crude vegetable oils should be further explored.",
"\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nIn this study, *S. marcescens OM-PLA1* gene with a size of 879 bp was isolated and expressed in the recombinant *P. pastoris* GS 115. ",
"The size of OM-PLA1 was appropriately 33 KDa. ",
"After 72 h of inducible time, the highest activity of OM-PLA1 was reached (21.2 U/mL). ",
"The production efficiencies of treatment time and cell concentration of OM-PLA1 were 0.29 U/mL/h and 1.06 U/mL/OD600, respectively. ",
"After 4 h of degumming, the phosphorus contents reached 5.1 mg/kg from 55.6 mg/kg using 0.02% (w/w) MGO-OM-PLA1 prepared by graphene oxide-based Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles and OM-PLA1. ",
"The half life of MGO-OM-PLA1 activity was 13 times for the enzymatic degumming of rapeseed oils with the initial phosphorus content of 55.6 mg/kg. ",
"Therefore, *S. marcescens OM-PLA1* gene could effectively express in the recombinant *P. pastoris*. ",
"In addition, the cross-linked copolymer MGO-OM-PLA1 possessed good stability and effective degumming of vegetable oils. ",
"This study has an important application value in the enzymatic degumming of crude vegetable oil.",
"\n\nAuthor Contributions\n====================\n\nPY designed the experiment scheme. ",
"SuJ wrote the manuscript. ",
"YW performed the experiments. ",
"ZH analyzed the data. ",
"ZZ drew the figures. ",
"LC measured the enzyme activity. ",
"MD cloned the OMPLA1 gene. ",
"ShJ proposed the idea.",
"\n\nConflict of Interest Statement\n==============================\n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.",
"\n\n**Funding.** ",
"This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Project No. ",
"2016YFD0401401-2).",
"\n\n[^1]: Edited by: Qiang Wang, Institute of Hydrobiology (CAS), China\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: Xiaoli Qin, Southwest University, China; Lili Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Yajie Wang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States\n\n[^3]: ^†^They are co-first authors\n\n[^4]: This article was submitted to Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology\n"
] |
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[
"Chain, one of the hottest blockchain startups, has sold to Lightyear, the commercial arm of the Stellar Development Foundation, which is the nonprofit behind the Stellar network and cryptocurrency stellar lumens.",
"\n\nThat may sound like a mouthful. ",
"It may also look like a surprising move for a fast-growing company that counts Citigroup, Nasdaq, and Visa among its clients. ",
"As Chain CEO Adam Ludwin acknowledges about Lightyear, “We are being acquired by an entity that no one has ever really heard of.”",
"\n\nBut in a candid interview with Yahoo Finance, Ludwin explained the strategy behind selling the company. (",
"Read on for the interview, after some background on Chain and Stellar.)",
"\n\nChain builds private blockchains for enterprise clients — internal ledgers that allow them to digitize assets faster and with less friction. ",
"Chain launched in 2014 and has raised $44 million in venture funding.",
"\n\nStellar is a blockchain protocol for facilitating cross-border payments and digital asset exchanges, and lumens (XLM) is the network’s native cryptocurrency. (",
"The price of XLM is down 65% so far this year amidst the larger crypto market rout.) ",
"Stellar was incubated at the payments startup Stripe, then spun out; IBM, Deloitte, and messaging app Kik are some of the bigger names using Stellar.",
"\n\nIn the race to get banks on blockchain, Stellar competes with Ripple, among many others. ",
"And the same man created both Stellar and Ripple: Jed McCaleb, who also cofounded the infamous bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox.",
"\n\nLightyear and Chain will combine and be called Interstellar; the Chain branding will go away. ",
"Interstellar will focus on helping companies build on top of the Stellar network. ",
"Ludwin will be CEO of Interstellar, McCaleb will be CTO, and all of Chain’s 30 employees are staying, totaling 60 Interstellar employees. ",
"The parties are not disclosing the terms of the deal, but Chain’s investors are all getting cashed out.",
"\n\nChain CEO Adam Ludwin spoke to Yahoo Finance by phone before the announcement of the acquisition. ",
"What follows is an edited transcript.",
"\n\nStory continues\n\nChain CEO Adam Ludwin speaks at The Economist’s Finance Disrupted conference in New York on Oct. 13, 2016. (",
"Michael Nagle, Bloomberg/Getty)\n\nYahoo Finance: Are people going to be surprised that Chain, which is a hot company in the crypto and blockchain world, is selling to a company that isn’t really a household name?",
"\n\nAdam Ludwin: Lightyear is relevant because it was set up last year to be the commercial arm for the Stellar network. ",
"As more institutions have been interested in transacting in stellar, the foundation was not positioned to do that kind of work. ",
"So we are going all in on Stellar, and we will do that enterprise work, the hand-holding, the service providing.",
"\n\nHow long has this been in the works? ",
"There have been reports and rumors of this acquisition for a few months.",
"\n\nWe started talking as far back as January. ",
"We did our absolute best to prevent any information leaking, and it’s hard because it’s such a small community, and we have so many investors. ",
"There were some leaks, and some things published on the internet with wrong information, like people wrote that we were merging with the foundation.",
"\n\nHow did it come about?",
"\n\nJed McCaleb came to me and told me the idea, and his idea was to basically do what Chain has done but focus on Stellar. ",
"So basically Chain retools through Stellar.",
"\n\nHe probably thought I would say no very quickly, but what he didn’t know at the time was that we had learned that what our customers ultimately need is for us to bring them to a network. ",
"We found that they wanted to just be told what network to join.",
"\n\nAny fellow tech types or mentors you went to for advice?",
"\n\nThere were four or five folks that I consulted with that I often turn to for coaching, mentorship, strategic advice. ",
"Kevin Ryan [cofounder of Business Insider, Gilt Groupe, and MongoDB].Glenn Hutchins of [VC firm] Silver Lake. ",
"Jim Robinson of RRE Ventures, former CEO of American Express. ",
"And Keith Rabois [early investor in PayPal, Yelp, and Square].The four of them were extremely helpful.",
"\n\nAre you concerned that any of your existing clients, or potential new clients, will be turned off that you’re now tied to this lesser-known cryptocurrency, stellar lumens?",
"\n\nI did something kind of unusual in the M&A process, which is I went to existing customers and told them what we were considering. ",
"I basically said, ‘We think the answer for your needs is Stellar, and by the way, we’ve figured out a way to create an entity where Chain can do that.’ ",
"If people threw up all over Stellar, I wasn’t going to do it.",
"\n\nThe only version of pushback I got were folks saying, ‘Does this mean we have to use Stellar?’ ",
"And the answer to that was no, because where Stellar ends, Chain software begins. ",
"Everything Chain built is a local ledger, and think of Stellar as a global ledger. ",
"So part of the merger was combining our software assets with theirs. ",
"The network can be acquiring future users without forcing them to participate in the stellar network on day one.",
"\n\nWhat would you say is the general perception of Stellar?",
"\n\nI think the perception is not far off from the reality, which is that this is one of the most technically advanced networks. ",
"The academic community knows Stellar and has a respect for Stellar because the protocol was developed at Stanford, and people know the foundation came out of Stripe.",
"\n\nAnd I think if you look forward to what we think Stellar is best suited to accomplish, what has been the killer app on Ethereum? ",
"It’s a general, trustless cloud platform. ",
"But what people have chosen to do on it is issue tokens. ",
"That’s what Stellar is designed to do, that is its purpose. ",
"Tokenization is the biggest unrealized opportunity around crypto.",
"\n\nWe are setting out to tokenize all the things, and to move from the scammy ICOs that we wouldn’t want to be associated with to finding partners to create tokens uniquely enabled by Stellar and which can be an important part of their business model. ",
"So it won’t be just about legacy products with financial institutions, it’ll also be about companies creating and enabling totally new assets where you can kind of squint and it might look similar to some other things, like a reward ticket or loyalty point or an API token or an in-game currency or a digital good, but they’re all fundamentally being reinvented in this era of crypto.",
"\n\nWhat would your retort be to any skeptics who still criticize this deal when the news comes out?",
"\n\nI don’t care. ",
"We never in the history of the company made any strategic moves based off our perception of what people will think. ",
"We’ve always made moves based on what we’ve learned. ",
"And if you go to the original business plan for Chain, the original motivation was: Bitcoin has set off this Cambrian explosion, and eventually every single financial instrument that exists will be in some sort of cryptographic medium. ",
"Whether that’s attached to bitcoin, whether that’s some other network, the motivating force was that we want to create a future where value can move over the internet as easily as data.",
"\n\nWarren Buffett has that expression he likes from Ben Graham, “Mr. Market.” [",
"Note: Ben Graham introduced the Mr. Market anecdote in his book “The Intelligent Investor”; the idea is that the market behaves like an emotional business partner who offers every day to sell you his shares of the business or buy yours, at prices depending on his mood.] ",
"Crypto markets are like an extreme version of Mr. Market. ",
"In the short term, it’s meme-driven. ",
"So if you tried to make decisions on the basis of headlines, market perception, mood, crypto prices, you would just go nuts. ",
"And it doesn’t tell you what to build.",
"\n\nOur company has millions of dollars in revenue, we’ve raised tens of millions of dollars, and before doing this deal we had years of runway and still do. ",
"We in no way needed to sell, and we have received overtures from large tech brands over the years. ",
"And I think that would have been sad, if we just sold out to a big enterprise tech company and became a division, and didn’t have the ability to shape the future.",
"\n\nSo even though this is technically an acquisition of Chain, in reality Jed and I are combining. ",
"Conceptually, it really is a merger, and it doesn’t feel like an exit, and it’s not designed to be an exit where I go and hang out for a year and then I go do something else. ",
"And I hope this announcement will encourage folks to take a longer look at Stellar.",
"\n\n—\n\nDaniel Roberts covers cryptocurrency and blockchain at Yahoo Finance. ",
"Follow him on Twitter @readDanwrite.",
"\n\nRead more:\n\nCrypto market crash prompts people to post suicide hotline on Reddit\n\nExclusive: Former FBI director Louis Freeh talks Tether investigation\n\nBitcoin VC: ‘People are going to lose a lot of money’ on new coins\n\nBeware: An ICO is not like an IPO\n\nThe 11 biggest names in crypto right now"
] |
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[
"(1) Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an operation system for an umbrella, and more particularly, to an operation system for a multiple-section umbrella and requires no button spring.",
"\n(2) Description of the Prior Art\nA conventional operation system for a multiple-section umbrella 100 is shown in FIG. ",
"9 and generally includes a button spring 102 retractably protrudes out from a slot 101a defined through the wall of the shaft of the umbrella 100. ",
"The runner 103 is stopped by its bottom to maintain the position of the runner 103 when the umbrella 100 is opened. ",
"However, the shaft 101 of the umbrella 100 has to make the slot 101a so as to receive the button spring 102. ",
"The movement of the button spring 102 easily hurt the user's finger or the shaft 101 is damaged if the button spring 102 is mis-operated.",
"\nAnother improved umbrella 200 is developed and disclosed in FIG. ",
"10. ",
"A top end piece 202 is connected to the top of the shaft 201 and a runner 203 is movably mounted to the shaft 201. ",
"The top end piece 202 includes a clamp plate 202a extending downward therefrom and the lower end of the clamp plate 202a slightly extends outward. ",
"A protrusion 202b extends outward from the clamp plate 202a. ",
"The runner 203 has a recess 203a defined transversely in a middle portion thereof and a shoulder 203b is formed at the top periphery of the recess 203a. ",
"When the runner 203 moves upward, the protrusion 202b of the clamp plate 202a of the top end piece 202 is engaged with the shoulder 203b to keep the umbrella opened and the protrusion 202b is exposed from the recess 203a. ",
"When folding the umbrella, the user pushes the protrusion 202b to remove the runner 203 from the clamp plate 202a so that the umbrella is folded.",
"\nFIG. ",
"11 shows yet another improved umbrella 300 which includes a top end piece 303 connected to the top of the shaft 301 and a resilient member 303a is connected to the top end piece 303, and a hook 303b is connected to the lower end of the resilient member 303a. ",
"The runner 302 is located below the hook 303b and has a notch 302a. ",
"A ring 302b is mounted to the runner 302 so that when the runner 302 moves upward, the resilient member 303a makes the hook 303b to be hooked with the ring 302b of the notch 302a so that the umbrella is kept to opened status. ",
"When folding the umbrella, the hook 303b is pushed to separate the runner 302 from the resilient member 303a. ",
"\nFIG. ",
"12 shows yet another improved umbrella 400 which includes a top end piece 402 connected to the top of the shaft 401 and a resilient member 402a is connected to the extension portion of the top end piece 402. ",
"When the runner 403 moves upward, the resilient member 402a is engaged with the underside of the runner 403 to keep the umbrella to be opened. ",
"When folding the umbrella, the resilient member 402a is pushed to separate the runner 403 from the resilient member 402a of the top end piece 402.",
"\nAll of the three improved operation systems do not include the slot defined in the shaft, but the user still has to push the protrusion/resilient member to fold the umbrella. ",
"The action is inconvenient to the users because when pushing the protrusion/resilient member, the user's finger might be injured by the movement of the protrusion/resilient member, or the clamp plate or the protrusion/resilient member may be damaged.",
"\nFIGS. ",
"13 and 14 show a further improved umbrella 500, wherein the runner 502 is movably mounted to the shaft 501 and includes a operation member 503 connected to the runner 502. ",
"The shaft 501 includes shoulders 501a protruding therefrom. ",
"The runner 502 has engaging members 502a on two sides thereof, which are engaged with the shoulders 501a when the moving the operation member 503 together with the runner 502 to keep the umbrella 500 to be opened. ",
"When folding the, umbrella 500, the operation member 503 is pulled downward, the two engaging members 502a are disengaged from the shoulders 501a, and the runner 502 moves downward to fold the umbrella 500.",
"\nAlthough there is no protrusion or resilient member to be pushed inward, the engagement between the engaging members 502a and the shoulders 501a is not secured enough, especially when the umbrella is used in a windy day or the umbrella shakes, the engaging members 502a are easily disengaged from the shoulders 501a. ",
"Such structure is restricted to be used for umbrella with a single shaft, and cannot be used to multiple-section shaft. ",
"The multiple sections have different inner diameters so that the engaging members 502a are difficult to be engaged with the small-diameter section of the shaft. ",
"The inner diameter of the runner cannot shrink along with the change of the multiple sections of the shaft so that the inner diameter of the runner has to be larger than the diameter of the largest section of the shaft, so that when the runner moves to the narrow section, the engagement between the shoulders and the engaging members will be too weak to hold the opened umbrella.",
"\nThe present invention intends to provide an operation system for umbrellas wherein the system does not include any part needed to be pushed inward to fold the umbrella."
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"Otter Disaster Designs - Pop Culture Themed T-Shirts\n\nFriday, September 2, 2011\n\nHere's a fake comic cover for a fictional series called Brain Teaser Comics. ",
"The 'brain teaser' image popped into my head, and I decided to take it a step further with some color and a fake trade dress for the Otter Disaster Comics Group...Who knows, maybe someday it'll be a real thing! (",
"Click image for full size.)"
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"Sweety Nanna Jodi\n\nSweety Nanna Jodi () is a 2013 Indian Kannada romance film directed by Vijayalakshmi Singh and produced by Radhika herself under her home banner Shamika Enterprises. ",
"The film stars Auditya and Radhika in the lead roles. ",
" It marks Radhika's comeback to films after a 5-year hiatus.",
"\n\nPlot\n\nThis film is about a corporate love between the main characters.",
"\n\nCast\n Auditya as Siddharth\n Radhika as Priya\n Ramya Krishna as Vasundhara Devi\n Girish Karnad as Priya's father\n Jai Jagadish as Siddharth's father\n Sadhu Kokila\n Jayadev Mohan\n Rekha Das\n Tabla Nani\n\nProduction\n\nDevelopment\nA corporate love story presented to silver screen by former chief minister HD Kumaraswamy in Shamika Enterprises for the production of Radhika Kumaraswamy the brisk schedule of shooting is in progress in and around Bangalore. ",
"The portions of Radhika and Adhitya with others was shot by director Vijayalakshmi Singh in Ajay Vincent cinematography. ",
"Sweety...Nanna Jodi also stars Jnanpith Award winner Girish Karnad and Ramya Krishna in the pivotal roles .",
"\n\nFilming\nThe filming kicked off on 17 October 2012. ",
"The film was grandly launched at Kanteerava Studios, which was attended by many dignitaries of Sandalwood. ",
"V. Ravichandran tapped the clap for the opening scene and Shivarajkumar switched on the camera for the first scene. ",
"Jai Jagadish, S. V. Rajendra Singh Babu and many others had come to wish good luck for Radhika Kumaraswamy and her team.",
"\nThe title and caption have been taken from the popular track, 'Sweety nanna jodi...' from the film, Bharjari Bete.",
"\n\nSoundtrack\nThe music of the film is composed by Arjun Janya.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:2013 films\nCategory:2010s Kannada-language films\nCategory:Indian films\nCategory:Indian romance films\nCategory:2010s romance films\nCategory:Films scored by Arjun Janya"
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"Pay of 38 cents per litre of milk forcing dairy farmers to quit\n\n12/02/2019|9min\n\nDairy farmer Casey Treloar says her family must stop farming in South Australia due to the unsustainable pay they receive of 38 cents per litre of milk.",
"\nMs Treloar says there is a disparity in terms of how much farmers receive for their milk, as opposed to the cost of producing it, which has risen astronomically during the recent drought.",
"\nFarmers have been told that conditions would get better for ten years, but Ms Treloar says it’s too late for her family, and too late for many others too."
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"Иллюстрация: Александр Черепанов\n\nНаталья Суворова, автор Inc.\n\nАлександр Цекало работал монтировщиком сцены в театре, каскадером, осветителем, звукотехником, был в массовке, пел, вел программы, продюсировал мюзиклы, певиц, снимал клипы, делал юмористические шоу, а потом занялся производством высококлассных сериалов. ",
"В итоге ему удалось стать первым в России продюсером, продавшим сериал российского производства американскому развлекательному сервису Netflix, — это было шоу «Мажор», которое сняла для «Первого канала» основанная Цекало продюсерская компания «Среда». ",
"Она остается одним из самых успешных производителей сериалов на российском рынке — по данным Контур.",
"Фокус, ее выручка за 2016 год составила 145 млн рублей. ",
"Сегодня Netflix владеет правами уже на 6 сериалов «Среды». ",
"По некоторым — например «Sпарте» — будут сняты американские версии. ",
"В работе иностранных партнеров еще 5 продуктов от продюсера, но какие именно, он раскрывать не торопится. ",
"Александр Цекало рассказал Inc., какие открытия сделал для себя, занявшись продюсерским бизнесом.",
"\n\nНельзя будет шутить про политиков на телевидении\n\nЯ решил перейти с производства телепрограмм на сериалы, потому что хотел и мог это сделать. ",
"Для этого нужен определенный комплекс знаний, образования, опыта в драматургии и телепроизводстве. ",
"И потом, стало сложно шутить на телевидении. ",
"Такое шоу, как «Большая разница», могло развиваться, только если бы позволяли делать шутки и пародии на политиков, чиновников и т.д. ",
"Например, у Филиппа Киркорова прекрасное чувство юмора, он готов и над собой и над другими смеяться и присутствовать в студии, — но невозможно же все время делать пародии на одних и тех же артистов. ",
"Поэтому будущее этой программы было предрешено — она закрылась.",
"\n\nНичего легкого в продюсерском бизнесе нет в принципе\n\nПрофессия продюсера очень многослойная, поэтому сложно всё: найти хороший сценарий или хорошего режиссёра, деньги на проект, пристроить проект на канал, уложиться в бюджет. ",
"Но это интересно — и борьба сложного с интересным рождает профессию продюсера. ",
"Я живу без иллюзий — и был готов к этим сложностям.",
"\n\nСначала договоренность с каналом — потом производство сериала\n\nС точки зрения бизнес-модели, сериал лучше производить по заказу телеканала. ",
"Можно сделать самим, а потом попытаться продать, но слишком высок риск, что канал не возьмет сериал. ",
"Или не возьмет большой канал, у которого денег больше, и придется продать сериал на маленький канал, у которого денег меньше, — и попасть. ",
"Поэтому везде во всем мире сначала приходят и питчат идею. ",
"Если она заходит — продюсерская компания делает пилот и синопсис сезона. ",
"Если пилот принимается, то продюсерская компания и телеканал обсуждают стоимость производства сериала и, если договорились, заключают договор с графиком выплат. ",
"Начинается финансирование траншами в течение года: сначала пишется сценарий, потом подготовка к съемкам (к группе сценаристов присоединяется режиссер, художник по костюмам и другие участники), потом съемки, потом постпродакшн. ",
"Я никогда не рисковал и всегда работал именно по этой схеме.",
"\n\nМалобюджетный сериал может «выстрелить» благодаря особой фишке\n\nДешево снять успешный сериал и дорого его продать иногда возможно. ",
"Например, сериал «Дом с лилиями» не самый дорогой по стоимости производства, но у него при этом доля на Первом канале (от всех зрителей, кто в этот момент смотрел телевизор, — Inc.) была чуть ли не 35% (аналогичную цифру показывал уcпешный «Мажор 2»). ",
"То есть можно снять сериал недорого — и он зайдет в аудиторию с большой цифрой.",
"\n\nНо такое бывает редко — как правило, чтобы малобюджетный сериал был успешным, в нем должна быть какая-то фишка, особый прием. ",
"Например, есть сериал «Пациенты» (In Treatment), — там сидит в кадре психолог, к нему приходит пациент и всю серию они разговаривают. ",
"И так в каждой серии. ",
"С понедельника по четверг к нему приходят клиенты, а в пятницу психолог идет к своему психологу. ",
"Это израильский формат, который был продан в Россию и Америку. ",
"В России он не пошел (мое субъективное мнение: стоило сделать героем мужчину, как в оригинальной версии), а в Америке и Израиле прошел с успехом и еще в какое-то количество стран потом отправился. ",
"Это недорогой сериал с хорошеей идеей, но таких крайне мало. ",
"В основном нужно быть готовым к тому, что придется тратить деньги на хороших актеров, на компьютерную графику, на одежду, на выбор локации.",
"\n\nТщательная подготовка к съемкам позволяет потратить меньше денег\n\nСамые большие расходы продюсерской компании — это актеры и производство сериала (примерно 50 на 50). ",
"Экономить нельзя, но можно потратить меньше, если очень хорошо подготовить съемки. ",
"Очень часто в съемку приходится входить, когда сценарий не дописан, а объекты не найдены, — решение этих вопросов в процессе отнимает время и делает производство дороже. ",
"Если продакшн-отдел хорошо подготовился, он заранее составляет спокойный календарно-подготовочный план — и тогда на ближайшие 3 месяца (а если 16-серийный сериал, то бывает, что и на полгода) все знают, где и что происходит, никто не нервничает и не дергается. ",
"А главное — актерам можно прислать график, и они спокойно могут с этими сроками работать. ",
"У нас в этом смысле нет культуры, как в США, где актер больше ничем не занят, если снимается в сериале. ",
"В России, если актерам не присылаешь сроки наперед, они занимают свое время театром и другими съемками.",
"\n\nПроизводитель сериала находится в постоянном конфликте с заказчиком\n\nМы зарабатываем на производстве сериалов, а телеканал — на рекламе, которую продаёт во время просмотров. ",
"Канал перечисляет нам деньги на производство, за эти деньги берет права на определенное количество лет, может еще несколько раз показать сериал, тоже зарабатывая на рекламе во время показов. ",
"Совокупных денег от рекламы должно быть больше, чем было потрачено на производство сериала, — тогда это бизнес. ",
"В этом есть постоянный рабочий конфликт производителя и канала, потому что производители хотят больше денег.",
"\n\nПроизводство сериала может стоить от 4 млн рублей (такие сериалы выходят на канале «ТВ Центр» например). ",
"Но мы работаем в другой ценовой категории — до 30 млн рублей (стоимость каждого сериала — коммерческая тайна), у нас есть шоу за 9-12 млн рублей. ",
"Разница в том, что одни производители просто хотят больше денег, а другие хотят лучшего качества и предлагают более сложные проекты, — как мы например. ",
"Радость в том, что Первому каналу нравятся наши идеи и он идет на то, чтобы финансировать наши сериалы.",
"\n\nПрибыль от сериала может зависеть от Министерства культуры\n\nОчень сложно терпеть, когда сериал снят, а его не показывают 2 года. ",
"Такая история произошла у нас с сериалом «Sпарта», который недавно прошел на Первом канале после 2-х лет ожидания. ",
"Задержка была из-за нескольких сцен насилия — они не натуралистические, не сверхжестокие, изначально были в сценарии, который канал принимал. ",
"Но поскольку речь идёт о школе и о насилии среди школьников, то канал хотел подстраховаться и попросил нас зачем-то показать этот сценарий Министерству культуры. ",
"От этого зависело, какую категорию присвоят сериалу, — 16+ или 18+. ",
"В первом случае сериал можно было бы ставить в прайм-тайм, когда реклама на канале стоит в 1,5-2 раза дороже, чем в остальное время (а значит, канал больше заработает на сериале), а во втором — показывать только после 23:00.",
"\n\nСериал начинается с того, что в школе из окна выпадает учительница, и первое, что предлагает министерство культуры, — это вырезать эпизод. ",
"Когда мы пытались объяснить, что с этого всё начинается, это повод для расследования и там нечего вырезать, — это не возымело эффекта. ",
"Министерство культуры просто сделало такое заключение — с трусостью, свойственной каким-то мелким чиновникам, без понимания законов жанра. ",
"Мы с этой бумагой пришли на канал — а там прямо хронометраж, сцена такая-то, удалить (если канал хочет поставить «Sпарту» в прайм-тайм). ",
"Но нам было принципиально, именно с художественной точки зрения, оставить эти сцены. ",
"Поэтому мой поклон «Первому каналу» и Константину Львовичу Эрнсту за то, что он презрел прайм-тайм и поставил нас после 23:00, зато мы ничего не вырезали. ",
"Канал заработал меньше, чем мог бы, зато дали нам реализоваться.",
"\n\nНужен компромисс с телеканалами\n\nБывало, что по просьбе канала приходилось переделывать отдельные сцены в сериале, чтобы его могли поставить в прайм-тайм. ",
"У меня нет никакой зарубы на этот счет — иногда нужно идти на компромисс, и мы это делаем. ",
"Например, так было с сериалом, который пока лежит и ждёт своего часа, — «Территория». ",
"К счастью, там Первый канал разобрался без чиновников и нас просто попросили: «Можно вот эту сцену переделать, найти другой ракурс или вообще её удалить?» ",
"Мы перемонтировали, канал принял сериал, — всё, он будет показан, в прайм-тайм или нет — уже зависит от канала. ",
"Просто нельзя забывать, что зрители все же хотят увидеть то, что мы сняли, а не то, что себе нафантазировали чиновники министерства культуры. ",
"Компромисс — это часть инструментария продюсера. ",
"Не владеешь — иди на другую работу.",
"\n\nЕсть сделки, для которых цена — не главное\n\nНаши первые сделки с Netflix были скорее репутационные, то есть денег там было немного. ",
"Но сам факт, что мы есть на Netflix’е, производил неизгладимое впечатление в США, — и сейчас мы продаем американцам сериалы дороже.",
"\n\nДля успешной продажи в сериалах должны быть понятные международному зрителю проблемы\n\nНам удалось заключить не одну сделку с Netflix, потому что их интересуют качественные сериалы, которые по смыслу и содержанию сюжета являются международными. ",
"Они неспроста покупают испанские, итальянские, французские, корейские и другие сериалы — им нужно, чтобы в сериале были понятные зрителю проблемы, но при этом была специфика страны. ",
"Их не интересует, чтобы мы производили американские сериалы, нет, — они хотят сериалы других стран, чтобы были новые виды, новые города, новые локации. ",
"Это их стратегия — все новое должно быть на Netflix.",
"\n\nNetflix, среди прочих, купил у нас сериал «Фарца». ",
"Это уж совсем наша история. ",
"Я пробовал им объяснить, для чего фарцовщики покупали доллары за рубли, а потом продавали за рубли же или на эти доллары отоваривались в «Березке», потом продавали за рубли товары и снова покупали доллары. ",
"Но им понравилась история дружбы и качество шоу. ",
"Производителям сериалов не надо подстраиваться под Америку, нужно рассказывать интересные истории. ",
"На Netflix сейчас самый популярный сериал Sacred games. ",
"Он индийский.",
"\n\nВыгоднее продавать сериалы телевидению с возвратом прав\n\nМы продаем свои сериалы и телеканалам, и онлайн-кинотеатрам. ",
"Как правило, после премьеры на канале мы продаем всем легальным платформам. ",
"Наибольшую выручку из этого приносит продажа телевидению — у онлайн-кинотеатров пока нет денег.",
"\n\nВ сделке с Netflix у нас забирали все права на сериал, но щедро платили разовую фиксированную сумму, затем — за постпродакшн (обработку уже снятого материала), а также роялти всю жизнь. ",
"В этом смысле эта американская система прекрасна. ",
"В России это работает по-другому: одни телеканалы забирают все права навсегда, другие — на определенное количество лет, а потом возвращают. ",
"Конечно, для продюсерской компании выгоднее второй вариант, потому что можно потом и дальше продавать этот сериал."
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[
"Tag: aid\n\nKurt Vonnegut has been dead for nearly ten years now, but his legacy continues with a fresh generation of readers looking for guidance in an uncertain world. ",
"He was an outspoken critic of George W. Bush’s administration, and it isn’t difficult to imagine what his reaction would be toward our current political climate and treatment of refugees. ",
"If he were alive today, it’s likely he would spend a lot of time quoting himself, trying to get us to treat each other better.",
"\n\n“So it goes.”",
"\n\nWikimedia Commons | Dresden, 1910 – before the fire bombing of the Second World WarWikipedia | Dresden, 1945 – after Allied fire bombing\n\nThis oft-repeated statement from Slaughterhouse-Five is fatalistic, but it also leaves room for the continuation of life and, perhaps, hope. ",
"Consider KV’s message of peace and humanity by reflecting on this Aleppo-inspired installation erected in Dresden just before the 72nd anniversary of the city’s destruction by fire bombs, a tragedy he experienced firsthand. ",
"Vonnegut found it horrifying that civilians should be the targets of a major military operation, a concern many activists express about the conditions in Aleppo. ",
"You can express your outrage and compassion by donating here, here, or here.",
"\n\n“There’s only one rule that I know of, babies – God damn it, you’ve got to be kind.”",
"\n\nNothing says kindness like Kurt making eyes at you while reclining on his lawn in a fashionable loose-fitting sweater. ",
"Happy Valentine’s Day from the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library! ",
"Check the official site for events, and show your loved one you care by making a donation in their name.",
"\n\n“If this isn’t nice, what is?”",
"\n\nLife is full of uncertainty for the refugees in Australia, Greece, and Kenya, too. ",
"So while you lend a helping hand and follow KV’s advice to do good to one another, be sure to look around and find something you are thankful for. ",
"If you can’t, this might be a good place to start.",
"\n\nI urge you to please notice when you are happy, and exclaim or murmur or think at some point, \"If this isn't nice, I don't know what is.\""
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"Leishmanicidal activity of aurones.",
"\nThis is the first report on aurones as a new class of natural products with leishmanicidal activity. ",
"A series of aurones with drug-potential for Leishmania infections was identified in vitro using both a direct cytotoxicity test against extracellular promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. infantum, L. enriettii, and L. major, and a test against intracellular amastigote L. donovani residing within murine macrophages. ",
"The compounds proved to be active at concentrations in the microgram range between 0.4 and 5.0 microg/ml. ",
"When tested against murine bone marrow-derived macrophages as a mammalian host cell control, all compounds showed only moderate cytotoxicity (EC50 2.32-25.0 microg/ml)."
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"Q:\n\nFinding all possibilities between 4 percentages\n\nI'd like to find a way to combine in an array all possiblities between four percentages.",
"\nResults wanted :\npossibilities = [[100,0,0,0],[99,1,0,0],[99,0,1,0],...,[0,0,1,99],[0,0,0,100]]\n\nI'm using this function but it's very slow and doesn't seem to generate all possibilities.",
"\ncombinePossibilities : function(a, min, max) {\n var deferred = $q.defer();\n function toObject(arr) {\n var rv = {};\n for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i){\n rv['fund'+i] = arr[i];\n }\n return rv;\n }\n var fn = function(n, src, got, all) {\n if (n === 0) {\n if (got.length > 0) {\n var total = 0;\n angular.forEach(got, function(value){\n total += value; //GET TOTAL OF THE COMBINATION\n });\n if(total === 100){\n all.push(toObject(got));\n }\n }\n return;\n }\n for (var j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {\n fn(n - 1, src.slice(j + 1), got.concat([src[j]]), all);\n }\n return;\n };\n var all = [];\n for (var i = min; i <= max; i++) {\n console.log(a);\n fn(i, a, [], all);\n }\n deferred.resolve(all);\n return deferred.promise;\n}\n\nI found this function here Find all possible subset combos in an array? ",
"and modified it to only take in my array results equal to 100%.",
"\nAny clue ? ",
"\nThank you.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThis proposal is a functional recursive function, which takes sum and length. ",
"It returns an array with arrays of the combined values from the sum to zero.",
"\nfunction combine(sum, length, part) {\n var result = [],\n i = sum;\n\n part = part || [];\n if (length === 1) {\n return [part.concat(sum)];\n }\n if (length === 0) {\n return [part];\n }\n do {\n result = result.concat(combine(sum - i, length - 1, part.concat(i)));\n } while (i--);\n return result;\n}\n\nHow it works:\nIt starts with the given sum and length and an empty result set, as well as an iterator variable i with the value of sum.",
"\nIf part is not given, then an empty array is assigned.",
"\nNow follows some checks for the (leftover) length and their special treatment, if it is\n\n1: This is last iteration and the sum is left, only. ",
"Then return the partial result part concatenated by sum in an array.",
"\n0: No more iteration, then return the partial result part in an array.",
"\n\nIf the length is neither 1 nor 0, then interate over the sum to zero.",
"\nThe call of combine takes the reduced sum, the decremented length and the partial result part with the value of i.\nThe result of the call of combine() is concatenated to the result set.",
"\nExample for combine(5, 3):\nlength: 21\n[\n [5, 0, 0],\n [4, 1, 0],\n [4, 0, 1],\n [3, 2, 0],\n [3, 1, 1],\n [3, 0, 2],\n [2, 3, 0],\n [2, 2, 1],\n [2, 1, 2],\n [2, 0, 3],\n [1, 4, 0],\n [1, 3, 1],\n [1, 2, 2],\n [1, 1, 3],\n [1, 0, 4],\n [0, 5, 0],\n [0, 4, 1],\n [0, 3, 2],\n [0, 2, 3],\n [0, 1, 4],\n [0, 0, 5]\n]\n\nWorking code with two examples:\n\ncombine(5, 3)\ncombine(10, 4)\n\nfunction combine(sum, length, part) {\r\n var result = [],\r\n i = sum;\r\n\r\n part = part || [];\r\n if (length === 1) {\r\n return [part.concat(sum)];\r\n\r\n }\r\n if (length === 0) {\r\n return [part];\r\n }\r\n do {\r\n result = result.concat(combine(sum - i, length - 1, part.concat(i)));\r\n } while (i--);\r\n return result;\r\n}\r\n\r\nfunction print(array) {\r\n document.write('<pre>length: ' + array.length + '\\n' + JSON.stringify(array, 0, 4) + '</pre>');\r\n}\r\n\r\nprint(combine(5, 3));\r\nprint(combine(10, 4));\n\n"
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"Recent street protests by students should give us all pause for thought. ",
"As much as many in my generation may harbour a special place in their hearts for Gough Whitlam, in our heads we retain memories of the economic shambles his government became.",
"\n\nWhitlam is remembered fondly by many as the man who introduced free university education. ",
"The principle that anyone who is capable of university education and wants to pursue it should be able to do so seems universal to me. ",
"But the implementation was a disaster.",
"\n\nIn the first instance, it is just too late to say to kids in year 12, who haven’t had a fair go in life, ‘‘Oh, by the way, your university education is free.’’ ",
"Kids need to have confidence and hope well before then.",
"\n\nNot surprisingly, there was no dramatic change to the socio-economic make-up of university students. ",
"This grandiose gesture did not let more poor kids in to university. ",
"What it did was pay for all the so-called rich kids who were going to uni anyway. ",
"In an effort to help the poor, taxpayer dollars were shovelled into the mouths of the rich. ",
"Not surprisingly, they liked it. ",
"A lot.",
"\n\nMaking students pay a fair share of the cost of their university education, but only when they have a job and some income, was the brainchild of economics professor Bruce Chapman. ",
"His policy is pure genius: anyone who is capable can go to university, and pay back slowly as their income rises."
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"A design for LeBron James' latest signature sneaker was inspired by the U.S. Air Force.",
"\n\nNike calls it \"The Cannon\" edition of the LeBron 9. ",
"The military-green theme is a nod to the Miami Heat having their first training camp since James joined the team last season at Hurlburt Field and Eglin Air Force Base."
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"Effects of nitric acid gas alone or in combination with ozone on healthy volunteers.",
"\nNitric acid (HNO3) is the most prevalent acid air pollutant in the western United States and has the potential to cause adverse respiratory effects through both acidification and oxidation reactions. ",
"To study this potential, we measured physiologic (specific airway resistance, SRaw, FEV1, and FVC) and bronchoalveolar lavage (total and differential cell counts, LDH, fibronectin, and total protein) end points in a group of 10 healthy, athletic subjects who were exposed to 500 micrograms/m3 of HNO3 gas or filtered air for 4 h during moderate exercise (ventilatory rate, 40 L/min) and underwent bronchoscopy 18 h later. ",
"Under an identical protocol, 10 healthy subjects were exposed to 500 micrograms/m3 of HNO3 gas plus 0.20 ppm ozone (O3) or 0.20 ppm O3 alone to determine if HNO3 might enhance the toxicity of O3. ",
"In addition to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), we employed the techniques of isolated left mainstem bronchial lavage and bronchial biopsy to determine if proximal airway injury was caused by pollutant exposure and whether there was any correlation with the degree of distal lung injury as assessed by BAL. ",
"We found no significant differences in pulmonary function tests or in the cellular or biochemical constituents in either the BAL or the left mainstem lavage fluids between the HNO3 and the air exposures. ",
"Similarly, there were no differences in these end points between the HNO3/O3 and the O3 exposures. ",
"Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the bronchial biopsy specimens between the HNO3 and air exposures or between the HNO3/O3 and O3 exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
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"GOP House Intel members came through Thursday morning and served leaker Adam Schiff a nice dose of reality.",
"\n\nOn Thursday morning, ranking member of the House Intel Committee Adam Schiff attempted to issue subpoenas and hold Steve Bannon in contempt, but House Majority rejected all of the Democrat motions, bringing Schiff’s Russia probe to a halt.",
"\n\nThe GOP House Intel Committee recently ended the Russia probe after finding zero evidence of Trump-Russia collusion.",
"\n\nThis isn’t stopping leaker Adam Schiff from marching forward with his witch hunt; he’s pressing forward in his quest to find a unicorn.",
"\n\nTRENDING: FBI Agent Who Uncovered Weiner Laptop with Hillary's Emails says FBI Leadership Told Him to Erase All of His Findings\n\nCNN’s Manu Raju reported Schiff got smacked down Thursday morning after he tried to issue a number of subpoenas and hold Steve Bannon in contempt.",
"\n\nManu Raju tweeted: Schiff said Dems sought to hold today’s House Intel hearing in open session, issue a number of subpoenas and hold Bannon in contempt. ",
"And GOP rejected all of the Dem motions, effectively bringing the probe to a halt\n\nSchiff said Dems sought to hold today’s House Intel hearing in open session, issue a number of subpoenas and hold Bannon in contempt. ",
"And GOP rejected all of the Dem motions, effectively bringing the probe to a halt — Manu Raju (@mkraju) March 22, 2018\n\nPart two: Schiff contended that the Dem probe would continue, but they lack subpoena power without GOP support\n\nSchiff contended that the Dem probe would continue, but they lack subpoena power without GOP support — Manu Raju (@mkraju) March 22, 2018\n\nPart three: Vote was along party lines to declassify GOP report that concludes no collusion between Trump-Russia. ",
"It could take months before it comes out\n\nVote was along party lines to declassify GOP report that concludes no collusion between Trump-Russia. ",
"It could take months before it comes out — Manu Raju (@mkraju) March 22, 2018\n\nIn February, former White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon complied with a subpoena and appeared before the House Intel Committee to answer questions about ‘Russian meddling’.",
"\n\nBannon refused to answer all the questions from House Intel members so Adam Schiff and Conway threatened to hold Bannon in contempt of Congress.",
"\n\nIt looks like GOP House Intel members took the wind out of old Schiffty’s sails."
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"Chesterfield 0-1 Aldershot Town – League 2\n\nOn Saturday 27th February 2010 I went to Saltergate to watch Chesterfield play Aldershot Town in League 2.",
"\n\nThe Spireites came into this game with 6 consecutive wins, knowing that if they won today it would be the first time in 43 years that the club had won 7 games in a row. ",
"A victory would also place Chesterfield in the automatic promotion zone.",
"\n\nThe first half of the match was very poor, with Aldershot looking the slightly better side. ",
"Very early the Shots forced Tommy Lee, the Spireites goalkeeper, to make a wonderful save. ",
"Aldershot also had a shot cleared off the line by Alan Goodall as the half time whistle got closer. ",
"Chesterfield had very few chances in the half and never really got going.",
"\n\nAt the break I got photos with Frankie Artus and Wade Small as they came across to sign some autographs.",
"\n\nThe second half was sadly no better, Chesterfield still looked poor and created very few chances. ",
"Danny Hylton gave the Shots the lead with what turned out the only goal of the game. ",
"Alan Goodall lost the ball to an Aldershot attacker, and a few passes later the ball was in the back of the net.",
"\n\nIt wasn’t until the last 5 minutes that the Spireites looked like scoring. ",
"A few corners were headed wide and a shot very late on went just inches past the post.",
"\n\nAfter the game I got a photo with Aldershot Town manager Kevin Dillon. ",
"As a player Dillon played for Birmingham City, Portsmouth, Newcastle United and Reading before finishing his career at Stevenage Borough. ",
"He was the caretaker manager of Reading in 2003 before joining the Shots last year.",
"\n\nPost navigation\n\n2 comments\n\nGreat pictures again Ryan, just a pitty the result wasn’t better! ",
"Missd out on a top 3 spot but i suppose we would have taken 6 wins from 7 if offered. ",
"Keep up[ the pic’s of Saltergate, not many games left at the old girl now!"
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"Humanitarian ventures or 'fistula tourism?': ",
"the ethical perils of pelvic surgery in the developing world.",
"\nThe vesico-vaginal fistula from prolonged obstructed labor has become a rarity in the industrialized West but still continues to afflict millions of women in impoverished Third World countries. ",
"As awareness of this problem has grown more widespread, increasing numbers of American and European surgeons are volunteering to go on short-term medical mission trips to perform fistula repair operations in African and Asian countries. ",
"Although motivated by genuine humanitarian concerns, such projects may serve to promote 'fistula tourism' rather than significant improvements in the medical infrastructure of the countries where these problems exist. ",
"This article raises practical and ethical questions that ought to be asked about 'fistula trips' of this kind, and suggests strategies to help insure that unintended harm does not result from such projects. ",
"The importance of accurate data collection, thoughtful study design, critical ethical oversight, logistical and financial support systems, and the importance of nurturing local capacity are stressed. ",
"The most critical elements in the development of successful programs for treating obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas are a commitment to developing holistic approaches that meet the multifaceted needs of the fistula victim and identifying and supporting a 'fistula champion' who can provide passionate advocacy for these women at the local level to sustain the momentum necessary to make long-term success a reality for such programs."
] |
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0.18763549625873566,
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0.000561941065825522,
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[
"Song of the Sea (disambiguation)\n\nSong of the Sea is a poem that appears in the Book of Exodus.",
"\n\nSong of the Sea can also refer to:\n Song of the Sea (1952 film), a 1952 Brazilian film\n Songs of the Sea (1970 film), a 1970 Romanian film\n Song of the Sea (2014 film), a 2014 Irish animated film\n\nSee also \n Songs of the Sea, a multimedia show located at Siloso Beach on Sentosa Island, Singapore\n Songs of the Sea (Stanford), a classical song cycle by Charles Villiers Stanford, premiered in 1904"
] |
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"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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0.000555016624275595
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[
"Wireless mobile robots at the micro or nano-scale have promising applications in closed and liquid environments such as microfluidic channels or human blood vessels. ",
"Indeed, in such environments, installing transducers or sensors require for the moment invasive interventions. ",
"Different manners to propel such microrobots exist using electric[@b1] and magnetic field[@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5] or a propelling chemical reaction[@b6][@b7]. ",
"At this scale the Reynolds number is below 1 and therefore reciprocal motion is not an efficient way to propel an object[@b8][@b9]. ",
"Therefore a corkscrew form needs to be designed to transform a rotation in a propelling force as in a bacteria flagellum. ",
"Some milli-[@b10][@b11][@b12], micro-[@b13] and nanometric[@b14] robots use this technique to efficiently propel with a rotation produced by the torque from a homogeneous magnetic field.",
"\n\nBut even if such 3D controlled microrobots are promising for *in-vitro* or *in-vivo* applications, they have not yet been applied to such closed microfluidic environments. ",
"The main reason is their high surface-to-volume ratio, which is a handicap for robustness as they can be stuck on the substrate/channels walls or carry away by external flow (e.g. in a blood vessel). ",
"Indeed, we consider microrobots to be robust enough to be applied in such environments if they can be used for a long period of time without being damaged or lost during normal control.",
"\n\nA way of overcoming these problems is to make the robot capable of interacting with the surface. ",
"In fact either the friction directly created by the surface[@b15] or the fluid viscous gradient caused by this surface[@b16][@b17][@b18] are enough to propel a rotating microrobot. ",
"In this case the microrobot moves by rolling or tumbling on the surface. ",
"However its mobility is restrained in 2 Dimensions (2D) and high surface irregularities can become impassable obstacles for the microrobot.",
"\n\nThe integration of microrobots on a microfluidic chip has two important consequences on the field. ",
"First it provides a well controllable environment in terms of flow and boundaries condition to investigate the physics of microrobots. ",
"Second it brings the microrobot to a challenging testbed. ",
"Indeed, to offer some practical applications, we think microrobots need to work in an environment designed for another purpose. ",
"Finally, the microfluidic chip is a common platform that requires manipulation and characterization at the micron scale. ",
"Microrobots could help fulfil this need.",
"\n\nThis integration was demonstrated with milli-[@b5], micro-[@b19][@b20] and nanometric robots[@b21] based on fluidic injection, manual integration or self-releasing technologies. ",
"The novelty of the proposed work is to present a selective self-integration of 3D helical swimmers inside microfluidic channels. ",
"We believe that self-integration is the most useful technique for selective microrobot integration with dimension less than 100 *μm*. ",
"Indeed at this scale injecting a single robot by fluidic inlet or by manual integration during the chip fabrication need a lot of technological development. ",
"However to support the drastic change of environment of the self-integration manoeuvre, both high robustness and mobility are required. ",
"Unfortunately, those cannot be provided by any single 3D corkscrew or surface motion independently. ",
"Therefore we investigate multimodal motion for microrobot as it increases the robustness and mobility by taking benefit of each motion advantages presented above while suffering less by their specific inconveniences. ",
"With this technique, we were able to perform self-integration of a microrobot in a microfluidic chip without fluidic injection or manual integration.",
"\n\nThe [Fig. ",
"1a,b](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} present the design and fabrication of the proposed multimodal helical microswimmer. ",
"We name this robot the Roll-To-Swim and refer to it in this article as RTS.",
"\n\nIn this paper we first show how using three different motions enables us to integrate selectively the RTS in a microfluidic chip. ",
"The microfluidic chip is a well-controlled environment with minor fluid perturbation and it also simplifies the long term analysis of single microrobot. ",
"Therefore we use this platform to investigate the advantages and make a full characterization of each of the robot\\'s motion. ",
"Finally we demonstrate useful microfluidic applications of multimodal motion which are: particle manipulation, 3D maneuverability inside a microfluidic chip and exit out of the chip.",
"\n\nMicrofluidic Chip Integration\n=============================\n\nMicrofluidic chip integration of a microrobot is an important step. ",
"It proves the robustness of the RTS and brings helical robots closer to application and characterization by making them available on a widely used biological platform. ",
"In this section, we first describe the design and fabrication of the RTS and the microfluidic chip. ",
"Then we explain how we carried out this integration by using different motions.",
"\n\nAs shown in [Fig. ",
"1a,b](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} The RTS is 55 *μ*m long for a 5 *μ*m diameter. ",
"Fabrication uses 3D two-photon laser lithography for patterning and e-beam nickel evaporation for ferromagnetic property. ",
"The method section presents more details on fabrication steps. ",
"A rotating homogeneous magnetic field produces the rotation of the robot, which is the base of the three motions. ",
"This is explained in [Fig. ",
"1d](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"The helical tail propels the robot with a corkscrew motion in the three dimensions by swimming in the fluid. ",
"Two conical heads provide interesting surface interaction. ",
"They allow both a rolling motion and a motion we refer as \"spintop\" where the robot spins on one head. [",
"Figure 1c,e](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} display the fabrication steps of the microfluidic chip. ",
"It is made of glass and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). ",
"There are two chambers connected by a microchannel. ",
"The first chamber is an open one to allow the RTS integration. ",
"The second one is a closed microfluidic chamber for the propulsion characterizations. ",
"A 50 *μ*m high, 1 mm wide and 11 mm long microchannel makes the connection between the two separate chambers.",
"\n\nFor the integration process, we place in the open chamber of the chip a substrate with a field of RTSs on top of a thin PDMS layer. ",
"This substrate can be removed after the integration and used again to supply robots in different microfluidic chips. [",
"Figure 2](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"} illustrates the five major steps to the integration of robots inside microfluidic chip. [",
"Supplementary video 1](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a full record of a successful integration.",
"\n\nThe first step is to detach a single RTS from the fabrication substrate (displayed in green in [Fig. ",
"2](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"The RTSs are fixed to the glass substrate during the fabrication process. ",
"A tungsten probe tip performs the detachment. ",
"It is piezo-actuated in 3 axes by the user control. ",
"Then we remove the tip and put a cover glass over the open chamber to limit the residual flow due to evaporation. ",
"Finally, the RTS uses the rolling motion to move to the edge of the substrate.",
"\n\nIn the second step the RTS takes off the fabrication substrate and swims. ",
"Then it dives down around 1.5 mm to reach the bottom glass surface of the microfluidic chip. ",
"This distance corresponds to the thickness of the fabrication substrate of the RTSs and a thin PDMS layer. ",
"This PDMS layer helps to handle in an easier way the fabrication substrate. ",
"The taking off process is more difficult on nickel due to the high surface force. ",
"The conical design of the head is intended to ease this process. ",
"When the RTS lands on the bottom of the chip, it can use the rolling to move to the entrance of the micro channel.",
"\n\nIn the third step, the RTS uses the rolling motion to move through the microchannel. ",
"The robustness to the flow of the rolling motion is needed here as some flux can remain between the two chambers. ",
"The reason for that is that the top of the open chamber only lays on the chip without permanent bonding. ",
"This can cause small evaporation which leads to the concentration of the residual flux in the microchannel. ",
"The fourth step consists of closing the microchannel. ",
"This is performed when the RTS reaches the characterization chamber. ",
"In that aim, a compressive pressure is applied with a screw pushing down the deformable PDMS top layer of the chip. ",
"After this step, the liquid is drained from the open chamber. ",
"The fabrication substrate is removed and stored for later use.",
"\n\nThe final step illustrates that the spintop motion is used for precise motion inside the chip with single contact point to the surface. ",
"The position control is then limited by the resolution of our zoom optics. ",
"It is below 2 *μ*m as it is shown on the [supplementary Fig. ",
"3](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}. ",
"To perform this integration process, the multimodal motions and the control ability of the RTS are essential. ",
"Both 3D maneuverability with swimming and surface motions are required.",
"\n\nCharacterizations of RTS Motions\n================================\n\nAs mentioned in the introduction the microfluidic environment is well controlled in term of parasite flow and boundaries conditions. ",
"Therefore after the integration each RTS motion can be characterized separately in order to be better understood and controlled. ",
"For each motion, the [Fig. ",
"3](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"} explains the force equilibrium, speed characterizations and main advantages of each motion. ",
"For the three motions, the rotation is around the main axis of the RTS. ",
"The inertia of the RTS is small so the transitional regime between different speeds is negligible. ",
"This is why we only consider cases where the sum of the forces applied on the RTS is zero and therefore the acceleration is null. ",
"For each characterization the average speeds on the four sides of a 200 *μ*m square trajectory were calculated. ",
"This reduces the perturbation induced by slightly tilted surfaces or parasite flows as effect in one direction balances the effect in the opposite direction. ",
"The error bars represent the standard deviation between the measurements on each side of the square trajectory. ",
"The point on the curves represents the mean value of the average speed on each of these sides.",
"\n\nWhile rolling, the RTS is in contact with the surface on all its length as illustrated on [Fig. ",
"3a](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"The RTS rotation creates a friction force with the surface that propels it. ",
"But depending on the surface friction, the robot can slide on the surface. ",
"Indeed, it advances less than its perimeter per each rotation. ",
"The [supplementary Fig. ",
"1](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows that this sliding depends on the surface material. ",
"The [Fig. ",
"3d](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the speed evolution versus the frequency of the magnetic field. ",
"Between 20 Hz and 140 Hz the surface friction increases proportionally with the magnetic field rotation. ",
"So the speed curve evolves in a linear way. ",
"Below 20 Hz the magnetization of the robot starts to change and aligns to an axis perpendicular to its length. ",
"This leads to a wobbling motion which increases the speed. ",
"Therefore the precise control of the robot is difficult as slow speeds are impossible. ",
"Through manual control, a control precision of about 20 *μ*m is achievable. ",
"Above 140 Hz the viscous drag is higher than the magnetic torque. ",
"This leads to a cut-off behaviour. ",
"In rolling motion, the RTS stays close to the surface. ",
"This has the advantage of being less influenced by the flow compared to the other motions. [",
"Figure 3g](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows that rolling motions can move the RTS in an upstream flow. ",
"This is the great advantage of the rolling motion.",
"\n\nIn spintop, the length of robot is not parallel to the surface any more. ",
"It touches the surface with the extremity of one head while spinning around its axis. ",
"To do this, the magnetic field direction rotates in a plane perpendicular to the surface. ",
"In this case the robot spins vertically and only the extremity of one head is in contact with the surface. ",
"Therefore the angle between the RTS length and the surface is radians. ",
"This angle is the pitch angle. ",
"If this pitch angle decreases, the RTS is not vertical anymore and the integral of the friction force is no longer null. ",
"So the RTS starts to make a translational motion as shown on the [Fig. ",
"3b](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"The [Fig. ",
"3e](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"} displays the evolution of the speed with the pitch angle. ",
"The local surface interaction which varies on every experiment leads to an important standard deviation. ",
"Between and radians the speed decreases linearly to zero. ",
"This is achieved at a constant frequency (40 Hz) where there is no wobbling effect while speed control is made by the pitch angle. ",
"It is a key advantage compared to rolling because it makes spintop maneuverable at slow speed. ",
"This leads to the possibility of implementing a closed-loop control ([Fig. ",
"3h](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"It is carried out with a simple PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative controller) that controls the speed through the pitch angle. ",
"A block diagram of this closed-loop control can be found on [supplementary Fig. ",
"2](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}. ",
"This closed-loop control is essential to demonstrate the ability of precise positioning of the spintop motion. ",
"Indeed, the irregularity of the surface made manual positioning less precise. ",
"Moreover, the speed control of the RTS in spintop for an efficient positioning relies on user ability which made it hard to measure quantitatively. ",
"With the closed-loop control of spintop motion the static accuracy is below 2 *μ*m/s. [Supplementary Fig. ",
"3](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows more details on the precision of the control. ",
"To the best of our knowledge, the spintop motion is a newly reported motion of microrobots. [",
"Supplementary Fig. ",
"4](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows that the shape of the head does not produce radical change on the propulsion characteristics. ",
"This lead us to believe that the surrounding fluid has a major role in the interaction between the head and the surface.",
"\n\nIn the swimming motion, RTS is free from any surface. ",
"The rotation of the robot provides a corkscrew force from the helical part. ",
"This propelling force both compensates the gravity and propels the robot as explained on [Fig. ",
"3c](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"Just as rolling, wobbling happens at low frequencies. ",
"Because surface contact tends to suppress small wobbling. ",
"Therefore the frequency to avoid wobbling is above 40 Hz in swimming mode, as shown on [Fig. ",
"3f](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"The speed increases linearly with the magnetic field rotation frequency until 120 Hz. ",
"A cut-off behaviour also appears above this frequency. ",
"The great advantage of this mode is that it allows 3D control. ",
"The [supplementary video 2](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows the RTS performs all three described motions. ",
"The [supplementary video 3](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a record of a closed-loop control of the RTS. ",
"Changing from one motion to the other is easy. ",
"The user just has to change the direction of the external magnetic field. ",
"Each motion gives the RTS a complementary advantage. ",
"It can be robust to the flow with the rolling motion. ",
"Precise and automatic control can be achieved in spintop. ",
"Finally, swimming motion allows 3D displacement.",
"\n\nMicrofluidic applications of the RTS\n====================================\n\nOn top of the microfluidic chip integration, the multiple motions of the RTS allow other on-chip applications. ",
"The [Fig. ",
"3](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows three different examples of RTS's maneuvres requiring multiple motions.",
"\n\nThe [Fig. ",
"4a](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows a combination of swimming and spintop motion. ",
"First, the RTS can reach any surface by using the 3D swimming. ",
"Then, the spintop can displace the RTS on this surface even if the gravity force tends to detach it. ",
"In fact, the upward propelling force made by the corkscrew tail counterbalances the gravity. ",
"It provides enough friction for the spintop motion. ",
"The [Fig. ",
"4b](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows that a closed-loop control similar to the one carried out on the bottom surface can be performed on the top surface of the chip. ",
"The performance of the closed-loop following this path is also similar even if the top cover is in PDMS and not in glass. ",
"The [supplementary video 4](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a record of these motion combinations of swimming and spintop.",
"\n\nThe [Fig. ",
"4c](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows an extension of the microfluidic chip integration. ",
"In this figure, we explain that long distance return travel is possible with the RTS. ",
"It shows that the RTS can be integrated inside the closed microfluidic channels but also be recovered from it. ",
"The operation follows the same step as the integration in the reverse order. ",
"However one difference is that the RTS is not diving from the fabrication substrate to the chip. ",
"Instead, it has to move up by swimming the 1.5 mm between the two. ",
"The [Fig 4d](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows that at the end the RTS came back around 10 *μ*m near the place it was initially detached. ",
"This ability could be useful to extract single object out of microfluidic channel. ",
"The [supplementary video 5](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a record of this return travel.",
"\n\nFinally, the [Fig. ",
"4e](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} explains how the RTS combines spintop and swimming for cargo transport. ",
"This micromanipulation includes trapping, moving and releasing the particles inside the closed microfluidic channel. ",
"The [Fig. ",
"4e](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows a schematic of these different steps. ",
"Spintop motion creates a vortex flow around the RTS. ",
"This vortex can trap adjacent particles of diameters up to 30 *μ*m. ",
"Then when the RTS moves the particle is still trapped and follows the robot by orbiting on a streamline around it. [",
"Supplementary Fig. ",
"5](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} displays a two-dimensional numerical simulation of the moving RTS. ",
"To release the particle, the RTS switches to swimming motion. ",
"It moves up and the particle stays on the floor of the chip at a desired location due to the gravity force. ",
"The precision of this deposition is of around 10 *μ*m. ",
"The [video 6](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a record of the displacement of a particle through a microchannel.",
"\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThis work was motivated by the hypothesis that providing multiple motions to a microrobot could significantly improve its robustness and mobility which are essential for its microfluidic applications. ",
"We believe that the selective self-integration of the RTS inside a microfluidic chip reported in this paper, validates this hypothesis. ",
"Indeed no major improvement on the system or on the robot fabrication was needed to achieve this integration. ",
"The capability of self-integration was not demonstrated yet to the best of our knowledge.",
"\n\nMoreover considering the microfluidic environment is well-controlled, we used it to characterize the propulsion behaviors of the three different motions availble in RTS. ",
"We also demonstrated that combining different types of motions added more functionalities such as particle cargo transport through microchannel, 3D navigation, in/exit out of a microfluidic device which are useful to further microfluidic applications.",
"\n\nThe microfluidic chip integration not only proves the RTS capability but also constitutes a big step in itself toward future applications. ",
"Indeed it offers access to a controlled environment for sensitive physical characterizations and we plan to use this in the future to investigate the interactions between the robot, the fluid and the surface. ",
"It also provides a manipulation platform to make the microrobot interact with other elements such as, for example, particles, cells or antibodies. ",
"We expect that the demonstrated on-chip fluidic integrated microrobot will serve as an important platform, both to study micropropulsions and to test environments for various biological or biomedical applications.",
"\n\nMethod\n======\n\nRTS's fabrication\n-----------------\n\nThe RTSs consist of a polymer resist (IPG 780) and are made with a two-photon 3D laser lithography (Nanoscribe GmbH) using IPG 780 resist on a glass substrate. ",
"Metallization of 200 nm ferromagnetic layer (Ni) and 10 nm thick adhesion layer (Cr) were done by electron beam evaporation. ",
"Both 0 and 75 degrees of deposition inclination were used to make the RTS ferromagnetic in a more uniform way. ",
"The RTS is detached from the substrate with a tungsten tip fixed on a micromanipulator (kleindiek mm3A-EM).",
"\n\nMagnetic Actuation setup\n------------------------\n\nA pair of Helmholtz coils in each of the three space directions provide a quasi homogeneous 3D rotating magnetic field. ",
"These three pairs are linearly combined to provide a field in any wanted direction. ",
"Thus the ferromagnetic RTS aligns in this direction. ",
"The intensity of the field is constant and set to 12·10^−3^ Tesla. ",
"As it is impossible for dimension reasons to give the same size to each pair of coils, each one has different dimensions. ",
"However, the Helmholtz condition, which states that the radius of the two coils must be equal to the distance between the two coil centers, is respected. ",
"Therefore, the coils provide a homogeneous field at their center. ",
"The smallest dimension of the coil radius is 22.5 mm. ",
"The containing microfluidic chip is placed on a moving platform that is manually commanded in 3 translational axes. ",
"This keeps the RTS in a cube with 2 millimeters-long edges around the common center of the 3 pairs of coils and ensures that the RTS stays in a homogeneous region of the field.",
"\n\nControl loop\n------------\n\nIn the manual control mode, the user can directly control the RTS with the keyboard. ",
"For that purpose, the arrow keys are mapped to the commands forward, backward, turn right or turn left. ",
"Four other keys are used to control the frequency of the rotating field and the pitch angle between the rotating magnetic field and the surface. ",
"The computer turns the command of the user into the corresponding changes in the parameters of the rotating field (angle and frequency). ",
"These changes are then updated in another thread which directly controls four linear amplifiers (Maxon motor 4-Q-DC) via a S626 card, with a refreshing time of 1 ms. ",
"Feedback is performed with a camera (Pike F032B) mounted on a microscope optic. ",
"The assembling of the camera and the optic allows a maximum precision of 0.5 micrometer per pixel. ",
"The image is sent back to the computer with a frequency of 20 frames per second to be displayed on the screen. ",
"Lighting of the sample can be made both by front light arriving through the optic or from back light depending if the RTS is on a opaque surface (nickel) or a transparent one (glass). ",
"Closed-loop control uses the same loop except that the video is also sent to a tracking algorithm that detects the robot position. ",
"Then a simple PID controller is used to control the RTS in position via the control of the pitch angle around radians and update control position in the control thread. ",
"This control loop is summarized in the [supplementary Fig. ",
"2](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}.",
"\n\nMotion principle\n----------------\n\nWhen a ferromagnetic object is placed under a magnetic field, a resulting torque T is created. ",
"Its expression is :\n\nwith **T** the torque, **M** the magnetization of the object and **B** the magnetic field.",
"\n\nThe meaning of this equation is that the torque tends to align the magnetic axis with the magnetic field, just as a compass aligns with the magnetic field of the Earth. ",
"A rotating magnetic field will therefore make the object rotate at the same frequency. ",
"We used this rotation for the three motions of the RTS. ",
"However, this article will not focus on the primary axis of magnetization which is longitudinal to the RTS and result in a woobling. ",
"In fact, this axis makes the robot rotate around an axis that is perpendicular to its directions and is not used in the paper. ",
"To use only the second axis of magnetization, we increase the rotational frequency. ",
"Indeed, the rotation along the first axis of frequency reduces when the frequency rises. ",
"This is mainly due to a bigger increase of the drag force associated to the first axis of magnetization. ",
"Details of this phenomenon for a magnetic helical swimmer were described by Man *et al.*[@b22].",
"\n\nMicrofluidic chip design\n------------------------\n\nAll experiments with the RTS were made inside a microfluidic chip after a self-integration of the robot. ",
"This allows a better control of parasite flow and provides a way of stocking the RTS with high yield reliability. ",
"The chip has 4 main parts:A first open chamber. ",
"It allows the introduction of the RTS fabrication substrate as well as the tip to remove a single RTS. ",
"This square chamber is large enough to allow manipulation with human hand precision and its surface is 1 *cm*^2^. When the fabrication substrate is put on this chamber, a thin PDMS layer is placed between this substrate and the chip. ",
"The first function of this layer is to prevent the fabrication substrate to slide when the robot is detached by the tungsten tip. ",
"The second is to facilitate the removal of this substrate by manually handed tweezers.",
"A micro channel. ",
"It connects this chamber to a closed chamber. ",
"The section of this channel is a circular arc with a maximum height of 100 *μ*m and a width of 1 mm. ",
"The total length is 11 mm. ",
"The shape is designed to allow for the channel to be closed by applying a pressure on the top of the chip. ",
"Thus the closed part of the chip can be isolated from the exterior. ",
"A 2 mm diameter plastic screw is fixed just above the chip and can apply this compressive pressure.",
"A closed experimental chamber. ",
"Its dimensions are 7 mm over 5 mm with a 850 *μ*m height. ",
"It is used for all the characterizations of the RTS. ",
"This chamber is also connected to a fluidic input and output. ",
"These connections can fill the chamber with liquid at the beginning and can be used to set a flow in the chamber to perform dynamics measurements or inject micro particles.",
"An other microchannel. ",
"It is connected to the closed chamber and is used to store the RTS during the flushing period. ",
"Its dimensions are 50 *μ*m high for a width of 0.5 mm.",
"\n\nAnother microfluidic chip, with two closed chambers instead of one, linked together by a 100 *μ*m high channel, has been used for the particle trapping and transport manipulation.",
"\n\nMicrofluidic chip fabrication\n-----------------------------\n\nThe chip is made with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass. ",
"First, a negative mold is made with a micro milling machine with a 0.5 mm diameter flat drill on Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). ",
"Then PDMS is poured on the mold and is put at least for 2 hours in a 60 °C oven in order for it to reticulate. ",
"Then the replicated PDMS channel is removed from the PMMA mold and bonded to a 1 mm thick glass substrate using an 0~2~ plasma (90 seconds at 70 Pa). ",
"Finally, the chip is put for 24 hours in a 60 °C oven to reticulate the PDMS entirely.",
"\n\nLow Reynolds number approximation\n---------------------------------\n\nAll the experiments were carried out using isopropyl alcohol at 21 °C. ",
"The range of the maximum speed for the robots is below 300 *μm*·*s*^−1^. It corresponds to a Reynolds number inferior to 6.10^−3^ in isopropyl alcohol and therefore the laminar flow is guaranteed.",
"\n\nAdditional Information\n======================\n\n**How to cite this article**: Barbot, A. *et al.* ",
"On-chip Microfluidic Multimodal Swimmer toward 3D Navigation. *",
"Sci. ",
"Rep.* **6**, 19041; doi: 10.1038/srep19041 (2016).",
"\n\nSupplementary Material {#S1}\n======================\n\n###### Supplementary video 1\n\n###### Supplementary video 2\n\n###### Supplementary video 3\n\n###### Supplementary video 4\n\n###### Supplementary video 5\n\n###### Supplementary video 6\n\n###### Supplementary Information\n\n**Author Contributions** A.B. and G.H. conceived the experiment(s), A.B. conducted the experiment(s), A.B. and G.H. analysed the results. ",
"D.D. fabricated the RTS. ",
"A.B. and G.H reviewed the manuscript.",
"\n\n{#f1}\n\n{ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} displays a record of this integration.](srep19041-f2){#f2}\n\n{ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}. (**",
"a**--**c**) Display the schematics of each motion. ",
"The displayed forces are the force applying on the RTS. ",
"The traction forces are due to the friction between the RTS and the surface. (**",
"d**--**f**) Present the frequency domain and parameter of the actuations of RTS in each mode. ",
"For each point in the curves, four experiments are made on each side of a 200 *μm* square. ",
"Finally, (**g**,**h**) and (**i**) present the particular advantages of each motion. [",
"Video 3](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows a recording of the closed-loop control in spintop motion.](srep19041-f3){#f3}\n\n{ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} show how swimming can be used to go on a top surface and how spintop can control the RTS on this surface. (**",
"c**,**d**) and [supplementary video 5](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} shows that the RTS is able to go inside the microfluidic chip and comes back to its starting point on the fabrication substrate. (**",
"e**,**f**) and [supplementary video 6](#S1){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} show particle trapping, displacement by spintop motion and releasing of the particle by swimming.](srep19041-f4){#f4}\n"
] |
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[
"Evidence of insulin-dependent signalling mechanisms produced by Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck fruit peel in an insulin resistant diabetic animal model.",
"\nCitrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck is extensively cultivated worldwide and one of the most consumed fruits in the world. ",
"We evaluated the therapeutic properties of the methanol extract from Citrus sinensis fruit peel (CSMe) in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-induced insulin-resistant diabetic rats. ",
"Body weight, food intake, and water consumption were analysed. ",
"Biochemical and molecular biologic indices, and the expression of insulin receptor-induced signalling molecules were assessed to identify possible mechanisms. ",
"In addition, we conducted histology of pancreatic and adipose tissues. ",
"UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 17 dietary phenolics at substantial concentrations. ",
"High-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats administered CSMe (50 and 100 mg/kg) had reduced fasting blood glucose (56.1% and 55.7%, respectively) and plasma insulin levels (22.9% and 32.7%, respectively) compared with untreated diabetic control rats. ",
"CSMe reversed the biochemical abnormalities in diabetic rats, showed cytoprotective activity, and increased the intensity of the positive immunoreactions for insulin in pancreatic islets. ",
"CSMe treatment increased the expression of PPARγ in the adipose tissue and signalling molecules GLUT4 and insulin receptor. ",
"Our data suggest that CSMe could optimize glucose uptake of adipose tissues through the insulin-dependent signalling cascade mechanism and it should be investigated in the management of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus."
] |
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[
"Oxidation of membrane cholesterol alters active and passive transsarcolemmal calcium movement.",
"\nOxygen free radicals have the ability to oxidize cholesterol. ",
"However, nothing is known about the effects of cholesterol oxidation on ion transport in isolated myocardial membranes. ",
"The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of in situ oxidative modification of sarcolemmal cholesterol on Ca2+ flux. ",
"Cholesterol oxidase was used to oxidatively modify membrane cholesterol. ",
"After incubation of cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles with cholesterol oxidase, cholest-4-en-3-one (cholestenone) was the predominant species of oxidated cholesterol produced. ",
"Cholesterol oxidase inhibited sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in a concentration-dependent manner. ",
"Both the Vmax and Km of the reaction were altered after cholesterol oxidase treatment. ",
"Extensive treatment of the sarcolemmal membranes with cholesterol oxidase increased the passive permeability characteristics of the membrane. ",
"Passive Ca2+ efflux from the sarcolemmal vesicles was stimulated by increasing the concentration of cholesterol oxidase. ",
"ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was also inhibited after cholesterol oxidase treatment, but it was not as sensitive as the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. ",
"Conversely, passive Ca2+ binding to sarcolemmal vesicles was strikingly stimulated by cholesterol oxidase treatment. ",
"The results demonstrate that oxidative modification of sarcolemmal membrane cholesterol can directly affect ionic interactions with the sarcolemmal vesicle and provide potentially important mechanistic information for the molecular basis of the effects of free radicals on ion flux and function in the heart."
] |
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[
"European finance ministers adopted the blacklist on Tuesday following months of wrangling and last-minute bids from nations seeking to avoid being named.",
"\n\nAmerican Samoa, Bahrain, Barbados, Grenada, Guam, South Korea, Macau, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Namibia, Palau, Panama, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia and United Arab Emirates were all found to be non-compliant with EU standards.",
"\n\nRead more: Offshore: the legal and the not so legal\n\nAn additional 47 jurisdictions were also placed on a newly established \"grey list\" — a roll call of countries which are also deemed non-compliant, but have committed to changing their tax rules.",
"\n\nPropelled by a succession of scandals exposing the practices of firms and individuals seeking to reduce their tax bills, including last month's Paradise Papers data leak, the EU has stepped up its efforts to fight tax avoidance.",
"\n\nThe EU has said that by taking coordinated action as a bloc, it will be able to deal with jurisdictions who refuse to play fair on tax matters \"more robustly.\"",
"\n\nHowever, a number of figures in the European Commission have expressed concern that the list does not go far enough. ",
"There are fears that as the list currently stops short of introducing concrete sanctions for violating EU standards, it may lack the teeth to truly serve as a force for change.",
"\n\nWhile heralding the list as an important step forward, Pierre Moscovici, European commissioner for tax, described it as an \"insufficient response to the scale of tax evasion worldwide.\"",
"\n\nAid agency Oxfam, meanwhile, went a step further, hitting out at the EU for failing to include its own member states on the list.",
"\n\nIn a report published ahead of Tuesday's announcement, entitled \"Blacklist or Whitewash,\" Oxfam listed four EU countries it believes would have been on the list had they been assessed under the EU's own criteria — Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands and Ireland.",
"\n\nRead more: Oxfam urges EU action on 'tax havens'\n\nAurore Chardonnet, Oxfam's EU policy advisor on inequality and tax, told DW: \"This final EU blacklist is a bit disappointing. ",
"There are only 17 countries on the list and they are mostly tiny counties or even developing countries.\"",
"\n\nShe lamented that several EU countries considered by Oxfam as \"major tax havens\" only ended up on the grey list. \"",
"It's a bit hard to ask countries to reform outside of the EU when you aren't even able to get your own house in order,\" she added."
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[
"---\nabstract: 'We consider a suspension of polarizable particles under the action of traveling wave dielectrophoresis (DEP) and focus on particle induced effects. ",
"In a situation where the particles are driven by the DEP force, but no external forces are exerted on the fluid, the joint motion of the particles can induce a steady fluid flow, which leads to particle entrapment. ",
"This feedback effect is proven to be non-negligible even for small volume concentration of particles.'",
"\nauthor:\n- 'Sergey V. Shklyaev'\n- 'Arthur V. Straube'\ntitle: Particle entrapment as a feedback effect\n---\n\nRecent progress and numerous applications in medicine, biotechnology and pharmaceutical research have witnessed a great interest in understanding of fundamental aspects of particle dynamics in fluid flows at small scales [@whitesides-06]. ",
"Particularly, the concept of particle manipulation is an important problem of micro- and nanofluidics [@squires-quake-05]. ",
"Here, the particles can be physical (colloids, liquid droplets in microemulsions, small bubbles) or biological (cells, bacteria, biopolymers) objects manipulated with e.g., electrokinetic [@morgan-green-03], magnetic forces [@gijs-04], ultrasound [@hawkes-etal-04] or optical tweezers [@grier-03]. ",
"Despite a considerable success in understanding of the impact of hydrodynamic [@morgan-green-03; @kim-karrila-91] and stochastic [@brownian-motors] forces on the particle dynamics, the problem of backward coupling, i.e., the influence of the particle dynamics on the fluid, or [*particle feedback*]{}, includes a number of open questions. ",
"Especially challenging is the problem of [*integral*]{} feedback effects that can be induced by a collection of [*jointly*]{} moving particles. ",
"In this Letter, we systematically address this problem. ",
"We introduce an original theoretical model, apply it to a physically realistic problem, and predict a generic mechanism of particle entrapment that is fundamentally different to the ones conventionally known [@stommel-49; @maxey-91; @tuval-etal-05].",
"\n\nWe start with the formulation of a continuum model for spherical noninteracting particles of radius $a$ suspended in a fluid having viscosity $\\eta$ and density $\\rho$. To focus on the feedback effects we impose a nonuniform external force $F_0\\mathbf{F}(\\mathbf{r})$ on the particles ($F_0$ its reference value and $\\mathbf{F}$ is the dimensionless field), which, however, does not directly influence the carrier phase. ",
"Provided that the relative size of particles $a/L$ ($L$ is the length scale of the flow) and their space-averaged volume fraction $\\Phi_0$ are small, the dynamics of the two-phase system is described by a model allowing for the feedback [@model]: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\frac{1}{\\rm Sc}\\left(\\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{u}}{\\partial\nt}+\\mathbf{u}\\cdot \\nabla \\mathbf{u}\\right) & = & -\\nabla p+\n\\nabla^2\\mathbf{u} +Q_{s}\\left<\\Phi\\right>\\varphi\\mathbf{F}, \\label{gov_eq1} \\\\\n\\rm{div}\\,\\mathbf{u} & = & 0, \\quad\n\\mathbf{v}=\\mathbf{u}+Q_{s}\\mathbf{F}, \\label{gov_eq2}\\\\\n\\frac{\\partial \\varphi}{\\partial t}+\\rm{div}\\,\\mathbf{j} & = & 0,\n\\quad \\mathbf{j}=\\varphi\\mathbf{v}-\\nabla\\varphi, \\label{gov_eq3}\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\mathbf{u}$ and $\\mathbf{v}$ are the fluid and particle velocities, respectively, $p$ is the pressure, $\\varphi$ is the particle volume fraction, and $\\mathbf{j}$ is the particle flux. ",
"The equations have been nondimensionalized using the scales $L$, $L^2/D$, $D/L$, $\\eta D/L^2$, $\\Phi_0$ ($D$ is the particle diffusivity) for the length, time, velocity, pressure, and particle volume fraction, respectively. ",
"Here $Q_s=2a^{2}L\nF_0/9\\eta D$ stands for the intensity of the external field, ${\\rm\nSc}=\\eta/D\\rho$ is the Schmidt number, and a ratio of two asymptotically small parameters $\\left<\\Phi\\right>=9L^2\\Phi_0/2a^2$ is the feedback parameter, which is assumed to be finite.",
"\n\nTo stress the relevance of our approach hereafter we provide estimations for a realistic system. ",
"As example, we stick to the data close to experimental [@morgan-green-03]. ",
"For a water ($\\eta \\simeq 10^{-2} \\;{\\rm g}/{\\rm cm\\, s}$, $\\rho \\simeq 1\n\\;{\\rm g/cm^3}$) suspension with $a \\simeq 200 \\;{\\rm nm}$ and $\\Phi_0 \\simeq 3\\%$ in a container of the size $2L \\simeq 25 \\;\n\\mu{\\rm m}$ at temperature $300\\,{\\rm K}$ one obtains $\\left<\\Phi\\right> \\simeq 500$ and according to Einstein’s formula $D \\simeq 10^{-8} \\; {\\rm cm}^2/{\\rm s}$ and ${\\rm Sc} \\simeq\n10^6$. Although in most conventional situations ${\\rm Sc}$ is high, it becomes necessary to account for the diffusion of particles. ",
"The reason is twofold: (i) even small diffusion gets non-negligible at small scales, e.g., the diffusion time is of order $L^2/D \\simeq 100 \\;{\\rm s}$; (ii) it prevents from unbounded physically irrelevant accumulation of particles by the external field.",
"\n\nWe emphasize that only particles are able to make fluid move, i.e., the fluid flow itself is a perfect indicator for the particle feedback, described by the last term in Eq.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq1\\]). ",
"Physically, this term comes from the Stokes drag, which dominates in the interphase force [@maxey-91; @druzhinin-95] and is balanced by $\\mathbf{F}$. Particularly, this results in a distinction of the velocities of phases, where inertia corrections are negligible.",
"\n\nFurther we focus on an example of a dielectophoretic (DEP) force exerted on polarizable particles under ac electric field $\\mathbf{E}(\\mathbf{r},t)={\\rm\nRe}[\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}(\\mathbf{r})\\exp(i\\omega t)]$. Hereafter $\\omega$ is the angular frequency, $i=\\sqrt{-1}$, ${\\rm\nRe}[z]\\equiv z_r$ and ${\\rm Im}[z]\\equiv z_i$ denote the real and imaginary parts of $z$. The time-averaged force (per unit volume) reads [@morgan-green-03]: $$\\label{DEP_force}\nF_0\\mathbf{F}=\\frac{3}{2} \\epsilon_m {\\rm Re} \\left[\\tilde\nK(\\omega)\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}} \\cdot \\nabla\n\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}^{*}\\right],\n$$ where “$^{*}$” indicates complex conjugate. ",
"The complex frequency-dependent function $\\tilde K(\\omega)=(\\tilde\n\\epsilon_p-\\tilde \\epsilon_m)/(\\tilde \\epsilon_p+2\\tilde\n\\epsilon_m)$ is a measure of an effective polarizability of the particle, known as the Clausius-Mossotti factor. ",
"Here, $\\tilde{\\epsilon}_p$ and $\\tilde{\\epsilon}_m$ are the complex permittivities of the particles and the fluid medium, respectively. ",
"The complex permittivity is defined as $\\tilde\n\\epsilon=\\epsilon-i\\sigma/\\omega$ ($\\epsilon$ is the permittivity and $\\sigma$ is the conductivity of the dielectric). ",
"The DEP force (\\[DEP\\_force\\]) comprises two independent contributions: $$\\label{}\nF_0\\mathbf{F}=\\frac{3}{4} \\epsilon_m \\tilde{K}_r \\,\\nabla\n|\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}|^2-\\frac{3}{2} \\epsilon_m\\tilde{K}_i\\,\\nabla\n\\times \\left(\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}_r\\times\n\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}_i\\right).$$ The first term relates to the in-phase component of the induced dipole. ",
"This force points towards the domains of higher field strength for $\\tilde{K}_r>0$ or, conversely, to the domains of weaker fields for $\\tilde{K}_r<0$, which is referred to as [*positive*]{}-DEP ([*p*]{}-DEP) or [*negative*]{}-DEP ([*n*]{}-DEP), respectively [@pohl-78]. ",
"The particles are attracted or repelled by the electrode edges. ",
"The second term is due to the out-of-phase component of the dipole and is essential if there is spatially varying phase [@morgan-green-03], e.g., for traveling wave DEP; it makes the particles move parallel to the electrodes.",
"\n\nTo be able to focus on the feedback effects one has to carefully ensure that these are not hindered by other possible sources of fluid motion. ",
"Because of Joule heating, applied electric fields induce temperature gradients and therefore create nonuniformities of the conductivity, permittivity and density in the fluid, which can lead to electroconvection and/or natural convection [@morgan-green-03]. ",
"A typical electrothermal force on the fluid $F_{ET}\\propto \\sigma_m U_0^4 L^{-3}$ is negligible compared to the feedback term, provided that $F_{ET}/F \\propto \\sigma_m\nU_0^2 /\\Phi_0 \\ll 1$ ($U_0$ is a characteristic value of the electric potential). ",
"This requirement can be safely satisfied for weak fields or weakly conductive fluids. ",
"Further we assume that the last option is met, e.g., for pure water ($\\sigma_m \\simeq 30\n\\;{\\rm \\mu S/cm}$), or deionized water ($\\sigma_m \\simeq 2 \\;{\\rm\n\\mu S/cm}$) applied in [@tuval-etal-05], and $U_0 \\simeq 0.1\n\\;{\\rm V}$ we obtain $F_{ET}/F$ of order $10^{-5}$ or $10^{-6}$, respectively. ",
"As we claim below, considerably weaker fields are enough to cause the feedback-induced flow (cf. ",
"with $U_0 \\simeq\n1-10\\;{\\rm V}$ in [@morgan-green-03; @maika; @tuval-etal-05]). ",
"One more advantage of the low conductivity is that ac electro-osmosis (another electrohydrodynamic effect that can induce a flow caused by electrical stresses in the diffuse double layer of charges near the electrodes) and natural convection are even weaker than electroconvection.",
"\n\nWe now turn to the analysis of a system typical for experiments on traveling wave DEP [@morgan-green-03; @maika]. ",
"Consider the two-phase medium filling a rectangular container of sizes $L_x$, $L_y \\equiv 2L$, $L_z$ and impose a traveling wave of the potential at the boundaries $y=\\pm L$: $\\phi=U_0 \\exp[i(\\omega\nt-qx)]$, where $q$ is the wave number and $U_0$ is the amplitude. ",
"The complex amplitude $\\tilde\\phi(\\mathbf{r})$ ($\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}=-\\nabla\\tilde\\phi$) obeys the Laplace equation, $\\nabla^2\\tilde\\phi=0$, which is readily solved. ",
"Assuming that $L_y \\ll L_x$, $L_y \\ll L_z$ and that the sidewalls are electrically passive, we obtain $\\tilde\\phi(\\mathbf{r})=U_0\\exp(-iqx) (\\cosh qy)/\\cosh qL$ and evaluate $$\\label{force}\n\\mathbf{F}(\\mathbf{r})=\\left(-K_i \\cosh by, \\, \\sinh by, \\,\n0\\right).$$ Here we define $F_0=3\\epsilon_m U_0^2 q^3 \\tilde K_r /2 \\cosh^2\n(b/2)$ and introduce a dimensionless parameter $K_i=\\tilde\nK_i/\\tilde K_r$ and the dimensionless wavenumber $b=2qL$. A traveling wave of a period $50 \\; \\mu{\\rm m}$ leads to $b\\approx\n3$ and $|Q_s| \\approx 0.5$ (estimations are based on the data as before). ",
"Next, we restrict our consideration to the case of $K_i>0$ as reversal of the sign of $K_i$ changes the direction of the induced flow.",
"\n\nWe first point out to a partial case of $K_i=0$, which corresponds to the limit of perfectly lossless dielectric particles. ",
"According to (\\[force\\]), there is no force allowing for the particle transport along the plates $y=\\pm\n1$, only transversal redistribution occurs. ",
"The particles tend to migrate either towards or away from these boundaries, which is counterbalanced by diffusion; longitudinal nonuniformities are smeared by diffusion. ",
"Thus, this situation admits a state of [*mechanical equilibrium*]{} described by the quiescent fluid $\\mathbf{u}_0(\\mathbf{r})=0$, vanishing particle flux $\\mathbf{j}_0(\\mathbf{r})=0$, and a nonuniform distribution of particles $$\\label{ME-distrib}\n\\varphi_0(\\mathbf{r})=C_0\\Psi_0(y), \\quad\n\\Psi_0(y)=\\exp\\left(Q_s b^{-1} \\cosh by \\right),$$ where $C_0=1/\\int_0^{1}\\Psi_0(y)dy$, as by definition the averaged $\\varphi$ is unity. ",
"The concentration profile (\\[ME-distrib\\]) describes accumulation of particles near the boundaries for $Q_s>0$, or in the center plane for $Q_s<0$, which corresponds to [*p*]{}-DEP or [*n*]{}-DEP, respectively. ",
"Analytical and numerical treatment of the linearized problem as well as a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the nonlinear model (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with (\\[force\\]) indicate that the state of mechanical equilibrium is stable for any values of the governing parameters.",
"\n\nWhat happens in a more general case of lossy particles, when $K_i \\ne 0$ and the longitudinal transport is allowed, is a simple question to pose, but the remarkably hard one to answer. ",
"In the limiting case of no feedback, $\\left<\\Phi\\right> \\ll 1$, there is no source for fluid motion and the problem reduces to finding a distribution $\\varphi_0(\\mathbf{r})=\\varphi_0(x,y)$, governed by Eqs.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq2\\]), (\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with $\\mathbf{u}(\\mathbf{r})=0$. In the presence of the feedback, the problem becomes highly nontrivial, because the system is mechanically nonequilibrium. ",
"To get an impression of possible scenarios, we have numerically integrated Eqs.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with (\\[force\\]) in a two-dimensional rectangular box with the no-slip condition for $\\mathbf{u}$ and vanishing normal component for $\\mathbf{j}$ at the solid walls. ",
"A typical steady state solution is presented in Fig.",
" \\[fig1:closed-box\\]. ",
"The flow is of a large scale and closed, the particles are involved in the vortical motion, which is reminiscent of the particle entrapment under gravity by Stommel [@stommel-49] (for high aspect ratio see Ref. ). ",
"However, there are two principal differences. ",
"First and most important, the conventional entrapment implies existence of a vortex flow irrespective of whether there are any particles or not [@stommel-49; @maxey-91; @tuval-etal-05; @capture-05]. ",
"The fluid flow in our system can be induced only by means of particles and is not possible otherwise. ",
"In contrast to the previous studies, particle entrapment arises as a generic particle feedback effect, which also provides a way to generate a flow. ",
"The second important distinction is that we carefully account for the diffusion effects. ",
"This nontrivial problem has been systematically addressed neither in studies cast into a Hamiltonian frame [@stommel-49; @maxey-91; @capture-05], nor in a non-Hamiltionan system [@tuval-etal-05].",
"\n\n![(",
"Color online). ",
"Contourplots of the streamfunction (a) and particle concentration (b) in the steady state for ${\\rm\nSc=2}$, $Q_s=-0.2$, $K_i=1$, $b=3$, $\\left<\\Phi\\right>=575$. Lighter (clockwise rotation for vortices) and darker (counterclockwise rotation) colored domains refer to higher and lower values of the plotted fields, respectively. ",
"Steady states corresponding to different ${\\rm Sc}$ look similar: a slight distinction comes from the nonlinear term, which is nonvanishing only near the sidewalls. []{",
"data-label=\"fig1:closed-box\"}](fig1.eps){width=\"45.00000%\"}\n\nA closer inspection of Fig.",
" \\[fig1:closed-box\\] shows that the flow and concentration patterns are one dimensional (1D) everywhere except for the vicinities of the sidewalls. ",
"This allows for a 1D analysis of Eqs.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with (\\[force\\]) away from the sidewalls, valid for systems with a high aspect ratio. ",
"Accordingly, we apply the ansatz $\\varphi_0({\\mathbf r})=\\varphi_0(y)$, ${\\mathbf u}_0({\\mathbf\nr})=(u_0(y),0,0)$. As the flow does not influence the distribution of particles, $\\varphi_0(y)$ is given by (\\[ME-distrib\\]) with the same $C_0$. To determine the fluid velocity we account for the no-slip conditions at the solid walls $u_0(\\pm 1)=0$ and a condition of no mean fluid flux $\\int_{-1}^{1}u_0 dy =0$, implying that the flow is closed. ",
"As a result, we obtain: $$u_0(y)=\\alpha V_0(y), \\quad V_0(y)=V_{01}(y)+V_{02}(y)\n\\label{MNE-u0}$$ with $V_{01}(y)=I_2(1)-I_2(y)$, $V_{02}(y)=-\\beta(1-y^2)$, where $\\alpha=C_0 \\left<\\Phi\\right> |Q_s K_i|>0$, $\\beta=3[I_2(1)-I_3(1)]/2>0$, $I_1(y)=\\int_0^y\\Psi_0(\\xi)\\cosh\nb\\xi d\\xi$, and $I_{l+1}(y)=\\int_0^y I_l(\\xi) d\\xi$ $(l=1,2)$; because of symmetry, $V_0(y)$ is an even function. ",
"Next, we impose the condition of particle entrapment $\\int_{-1}^{1}\\mathbf{j}_0 \\cdot \\mathbf{e}_x \\,dy=0$, $\\mathbf{e}_x=(1,0,0)$, which ensures no mean particle flux [@capture-05]. ",
"We arrive at $$\\label{Phi_lim}\n\\left<\\Phi\\right>=I_1(1)\\left( C_0 \\int_0^1 V_0 \\Psi_0\ndy\\right)^{-1}\\equiv \\left<\\Phi\\right>_c,$$ representing a formal restriction on $\\left<\\Phi\\right>$: for every set of governing parameters, only a specific number of particles defined by (\\[Phi\\_lim\\]) can be maintained trapped by the flow. ",
"In practice, however, e.g., for a closed rectangular box, such a restriction is not stringent. ",
"For $\\left<\\Phi\\right>$ different from $\\left<\\Phi\\right>_c$, the solution away from the sidewalls still corresponds to (\\[ME-distrib\\]), as if $\\left<\\Phi\\right>=\\left<\\Phi\\right>_c$. Their actual distinction is balanced in the vicinities of the sidewalls, where the lack or excess of particles emerges leading to local gradients of concentration on top of (\\[ME-distrib\\]). ",
"This is clearly seen in Fig.",
" \\[fig1:closed-box\\](b). ",
"Of special attention is the case of $\\left<\\Phi\\right>$ considerably smaller than $\\left<\\Phi\\right>_c$. Here, although there are not enough particles to excite the flow in the whole domain, the entrapment still occurs. ",
"As before, it is accompanied by the birth of a steady vortex flow, but of a smaller longitudinal extension. ",
"With the decrease of $\\left<\\Phi\\right>$ the vortices gradually shrink and in the limit of $\\left<\\Phi\\right> \\ll 1$ no longer exist.",
"\n\n$\\;$![(Color online). ",
"Characteristics of 1D state of entrapment (\\[ME-distrib\\])-(\\[Phi\\_lim\\]) for $b=3$: velocity profiles (a), maximal absolute velocity $V_m=\\max_{y}|V_0(y)|$ and $\\left<\\Phi\\right>_c$ as functions of $Q_s$ (b).[]{data-label=\"fig2:base-state\"}](fig2.eps \"fig:\"){width=\"45.00000%\"}\n\nThe characteristics of the discussed state are presented in Fig.",
" \\[fig2:base-state\\]. ",
"The particles tend to move along the axis $x$, faster near the boundaries and slower at the center of the channel \\[see Eqs. (",
"\\[gov\\_eq2\\]) and (\\[force\\])\\]. ",
"Because of viscous drag, the fluid is towed by the particles, which has two consequences. ",
"First, this motion contributes in a positive fluid flux, defined by $V_{01}(y)$. Second, it creates a longitudinal gradient of pressure that gives rise to an opposite Poiseuille flow $V_{02}(y)$ with the maximal velocity at the center. ",
"The velocity profile $V_{0}(y)$ is a superposition of these counterflows, such that the net fluid flux is vanishing. ",
"Noteworthy, profile (\\[MNE-u0\\]) qualitatively resembles the one in the convective flow in a vertical slot induced by internal sources of heat [@gershuni-zhukhovitsky-76]. ",
"In our case, the role of the heat sources is played by the nonuniform distribution of particles and the DEP force instead of gravity. ",
"Note, the state of entrapment exists only for $Q_c<Q_s<0$, see Fig.",
" \\[fig2:base-state\\](b). ",
"Beyond this range, Eq.",
" (\\[Phi\\_lim\\]) prescribes negative values of $\\left<\\Phi\\right>_c$, which is physically irrelevant. ",
"Particularly, this manifests that the entrapment can be observed only for [*n*]{}-DEP. ",
"From the experimental point of view, the flow can be easily controlled by tuning the frequency of the imposed traveling wave.",
"\n\nNext question concerns existence of the revealed effect in real systems. ",
"To answer it, we have linearized Eqs.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) near solution (\\[ME-distrib\\]), (\\[MNE-u0\\]) and investigated its stability with respect to perturbations of the form $f(\\mathbf{r})=\\hat{f}(y)\\exp(\\lambda t - i k_x x-i k_z z)$. Here $\\lambda=\\lambda_r+i\\lambda_i$ is the complex growth rate, $k_x$ and $k_z$ are the wave numbers along axes $x$ and $z$, respectively. ",
"The analysis has shown that the modes with the largest $\\lambda_r$ correspond to the perturbations in the form of rolls, $k_z=0$. We have checked a wide range of Schmidt numbers $1<{\\rm Sc}<10^{6}$ and found no qualitative changes, the stability maps are presented in Fig.",
" \\[fig3:stability\\]. ",
"The regions of stable and unstable behavior are separated by two curves $K_i^{(c)}(Q_s)$ of neutral stability, on which $\\lambda_r=0$. These lines refer to a pair of competing modes of the largest $\\lambda_r$ and have different asymptotes for ${\\rm\nSc}\\gg 1$. For the branches with higher and lower $|Q_s|$ the scaling laws are $K_i^{(c)}=K_1 \\sqrt{\\rm Sc}$ and $K_i^{(c)}=K_2\n\\,{\\rm Sc}$, respectively. ",
"The dependencies $K_{1}(Q_s)$ and $K_{2}(Q_s)$ for different ${\\rm Sc}$ are plotted in Fig.",
" \\[fig3:stability\\](b). ",
"With the growth of ${\\rm Sc}$, these dependencies converge to master curves. ",
"Because of the different scaling, the convergence of $K_{1}$ is slower, whereas $K_2$ gets indistinguishably close to its master curve already at ${\\rm\nSc}=100$.\n\n![",
"Stability map for $b=3$, ${\\rm Sc=2}$ (a). ",
"Scaling functions $K_1(Q_s)$ and $K_2(Q_s)$ for different ${\\rm Sc}$ (b).[]{data-label=\"fig3:stability\"}](fig3.eps){width=\"48.00000%\"}\n\nThe results of the linear stability analysis were confirmed by DNS of the nonlinear model (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with (\\[force\\]). ",
"Note, as for large ${\\rm Sc}$ the value $K_i^{(c)}$ is high, the instability in this particular situation is hardly reachable experimentally. ",
"However, it can be the case for moderate ${\\rm Sc}$. We have studied the breakdown of the 1D state, which is found to occur supercritically. ",
"The patterns beyond the threshold (see Fig.",
" \\[fig4:broken\\_state\\] for a snapshot) travel along the axis $x$ with a speed $\\lambda_i/k_x$. For the different branches the patterns look similar, but have distinct spatial periods and travel in opposite directions.",
"\n\nIn conclusion, we have studied the role of the particle feedback in a two-phase system under the action of traveling wave DEP. ",
"In a situation where the particles are driven by the DEP force but no external forces are exerted on the fluid, the joint motion of the particles can induce a steady fluid flow, which is accompanied by novel particle entrapment. ",
"In a contrast to the conventional mechanism, diffusion of the particles becomes a necessary ingredient for the entrapment. ",
"This particle feedback effect has been proven to be non-negligible even for small volume concentration of particles. ",
"We note that similar phenomena are expected to exist in various physical systems. ",
"Indeed, the set of Eqs.",
" (\\[gov\\_eq1\\])-(\\[gov\\_eq3\\]) with the force in the form (\\[DEP\\_force\\]) describe a wide class of problems, e.g., magnetized ferrofluids [@shliomis-smorodin-02], particles driven by optical tweezers [@grier-03], bubbly fluids under vibrations [@vibro-06], where the field $\\tilde{\\mathbf{E}}$ entering (\\[DEP\\_force\\]) is of different nature.",
"\n\n![(",
"Color online). ",
"Breakdown of 1D state beyond the stability threshold, ${\\rm Sc=2}$, $Qs=-0.2$, $K_i=7$, $b=3$, $\\left<\\Phi\\right>=450$: streamfunction (a) and particle concentration (b).[]{data-label=\"fig4:broken_state\"}](fig4.eps){width=\"45.00000%\"}\n\nWe acknowledge fruitful discussions with A.A. Nepomnyashchy, A. Pikovsky, B. L. Smorodin, V. Steinberg, and C. Pooley. ",
"S.S. thanks DAAD for support; A.S. was supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG, SPP 1164 “Nano- and microfluidics,” project 1021/1-1).",
"\n\n[10]{}\n\nG. M. Whitesides, , 368 (2006).",
"\n\nT. M. Squires and S. R. Quake, , 977 (2005).",
"\n\nH. Morgan and N. G. Green, A. Ramos, H. Morgan, N. G. Green, and A. Castellanos, , 2338 (1998).",
"\n\nM. A. M. Gijs, , 22 (2004).",
"\n\nJ. J. Hawkes et al. , ",
"1673 (1998).",
"\n\nD. G. Grier, , 810 (2003).",
"\n\nS. Kim and S. J. Karrila, (Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1991).",
"\n\nP. Reimann and P. Hänggi, , 169 (2002); P. Reimann, , 57 (2002).",
"\n\nH. Stommel, , 24 (1949).",
"\n\nM. R. Maxey, , 289 (1991).",
"\n\nI. Tuval et al. , ",
"236002 (2005).",
"\n\nDetails will be published elsewhere; for approach see Refs.",
" O. A. Druzhinin, , 49 (1995).",
"\n\nH. A. Pohl,\n\nM. Felten, P. Geggier, M. Jäger, and C. Duschl, , 051707 (2006).",
"\n\nD. V. Lyubimov, A. V. Straube, and T. P. Lyubimova, , 063302 (2005).",
"\n\nG. Z. Gershuni and E. M. Zhukhovitsky,\n\nM. I. Shliomis and B. L. Smorodin, , 197 (2002).",
"\n\nA. V. Straube, D. V. Lyubimov, and S. V. Shklyaev, , 053303 (2006).",
"\n"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
}
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[
"Even though the Surface 3's Type Cover is smaller than the Pro version, I found it easy to type on, with a decent amount of feedback from the keys. ",
"It's slightly more difficult to balance on your lap when it's connected to the Surface 3, but it was still comfortable enough for me to type up most of this review.",
"\n\nDisplay and pen input\n\nMicrosoft managed to cram some nice displays into the last round of Surface devices, and that trend continues with the Surface 3. ",
"It features a 10.8-inch LCD with a 1,920 x 1,280 resolution that's bright, crisp and colorful. ",
"It's not as sharp as the iPad Air 2's Retina screen, or the Quad HD screens in Samsung's Galaxy Tab S line, but it's a fine display for extended reading, photo viewing and even watching movies (I particularly enjoyed using the Surface 3 to catch up on my Comixology queue). ",
"But if you have issues reading small text, take note: The Surface 3's generous resolution will make some websites and programs hard to use. ",
"Be prepared to bump up the text size in your system settings and browser.",
"\n\nAs is usually the case with LCDs, the Surface 3's display fares well indoors, but loses its luster outdoors. ",
"It's still usable -- you can easily make out text and photos -- but you'll have to get through plenty of reflectivity to get anything done. ",
"It's hard to fault the Surface too much when this is a problem you'll face with most tablets and laptops, even those significantly more expensive. ",
"For what it's worth, the Surface Pro 3 performs much better in direct sunlight.",
"\n\nIt makes a strong case for including pressure-sensitive stylus support in more tablets.",
"\n\nFor the artistic crowd, adding support for the Surface Pen is a wise move. ",
"It's the same stylus that's included with the Surface Pro 3, and it relies on that device's N-trig digitizer. ",
"Unfortunately, Surface 3 users have to shell out an additional $50 to get it, but since it's a fairly niche product, it makes sense for Microsoft to keep it separate. ",
"After pairing it over Bluetooth, you can click the top button of the Surface Pen to open up a new OneNote file and start scribbling your thoughts. ",
"Click it again, and it gets sent to your OneDrive cloud storage. ",
"And just as with the Surface Pro 3, you can even wake up the computer from sleep by clicking the Pen's top button, which brings you right to a blank OneNote page.",
"\n\nWhen it comes to putting the Pen to the screen, the Surface 3 feels about as good as its Pro sibling. ",
"That is to say, it's a pretty smooth experience. ",
"There wasn't much lag between hitting the screen and getting something to show up, and there's a decent amount of paper-like resistance against the screen. ",
"It certainly won't make you forget you're drawing on glass, but it makes a strong case for including pressure-sensitive stylus support in more tablets.",
"\n\nThe biggest problem with the Surface Pen? ",
"There's no place to hold it on the Surface 3. ",
"The Type Cover for the Surface Pro 3 at least gives you a slot to tuck the Pen away.",
"\n\nPerformance and battery life\n\nWhen you see the \"Intel Atom\" label, it's hard not to conjure up memories of netbooks, those tiny Atom-powered laptops that preceded the iPad and other modern tablets. ",
"They were perpetually underpowered, but their diminutive size and cheap price made them ideal for being secondary portable computers. ",
"So I was surprised at just how capable the quad-core Atom x7-Z8700 chip in the Surface 3 is. ",
"It runs at 1.6GHz, but it can bump up to 2.4GHz in bursts. ",
"The Atom x7, which was announced at Mobile World Congress, also balances that speed with intelligent power management. ",
"Because of that, the Surface 3 doesn't even need a fan to stay cool.",
"\n\nOverall, the Atom x7 feels like a step up from the previous generation of Atom processors we see in Chromebooks. ",
"I was able to run Firefox and Chrome, both with multiple windows and plenty of tabs, along with Spotify and Skype without any significant slowdown. ",
"Launching new apps felt speedy, and I didn't have any issues moving between the apps and swiping around Windows 8's interface. ",
"The only thing I had to keep an eye on was complex web apps like TweetDeck eating up too much RAM in Chrome -- but that's something I also have to deal with on my desktop and MacBook Air. ",
"And as you can tell from the benchmarks above, the Surface 3's disk speeds can't compare to more powerful laptops, so it won't be much of a media-creation machine.",
"\n\nMostly, I enjoyed the fact that I could use the Surface 3 like a normal Windows computer. ",
"I wasn't restricted to Windows 8 apps and pre-installed Office apps like the Surface 2 and Surface RT, and that goes a long way toward making it more useful. ",
"I missed simple things on the Surface 2, like the speediness of Chrome, my library of Steam games and editing photos quickly with Paint.",
"Net. ",
"As a tablet, the Surface 3 was easy to hold as I caught up on Saga with the Windows 8 Comixology app. ",
"Microsoft's OS still holds back it's true tablet potential, though -- there still aren't many great Windows tablet apps, and using the Surface in tablet mode on the desktop is as awkward as ever.",
"\n\nThe Surface 3 has its limits, of course -- 4K YouTube streams were a stuttery mess, and it's not nearly powerful enough to run graphics-hungry games. ",
"But that's no surprise since it's toting an Atom chip. ",
"And since the Surface 3's screen tops out at just above 1080p, you won't be viewing 4K files on it anyway. ",
"Gone Home, a first-person indie game that doesn't need much horsepower, loaded up quickly, but it was only playable at a 720p resolution. ",
"And even then, it was still kind of choppy.",
"\n\n4K YouTube streams were a stuttery mess, and it's not nearly powerful enough to run graphics-hungry games.",
"\n\nMy experience with the Surface 3 might be much different than yours, though. ",
"Microsoft sent me the $599 model with 4GB of RAM -- the bare minimum you'd want in any computer these days -- and 128GB of storage. ",
"The entry-level $499 Surface 3 only has 2GB of RAM, which means it'll be far less capable when it comes to juggling multiple apps. ",
"Given just how cheap RAM is these days, you'd think Microsoft would just bite the bullet and include more memory by default. ",
"The Surface 2 performed decently with only 2GB of RAM, though, but that machine couldn't run traditional memory-hungry Windows software.",
"\n\nOn the storage front, the Surface 3 is a significant upgrade over its predecessor, which only offered 32GB and 64GB options. ",
"The Surface 3's 64GB and 128GB options are far more palatable for an actual computer -- you'll have room for a slew of programs, as well as music and video files.",
"\n\nTablet Battery Life Microsoft Surface 3 9:11 Microsoft Surface 2 14:22 iPad Mini 3 13:45 Dell Venue 8 7000 series 12:11 HP Spectre x360 11:34 iPad Air 2 11:15 Microsoft Surface RT 9:36 Nexus 9 9:10 Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 8:56 Sony Xperia Tablet Z 8:40 HP Stream 8:17 Lenovo Yoga 3 Pro 7:36 HP Slate 7 7:36 Microsoft Surface Pro 3 7:08 Samsung Chromebook 2 (11-inch) 7:00 HP SlateBook x2 6:34 (tablet only) / 8:49 (keyboard dock)\n\nMicrosoft claims you'll get around 10 hours of battery on the Surface 3, which is more than the nine hours and 11 minutes I saw in our standard battery test (looping an HD video at 65 percent brightness until it loses power). ",
"That's a big step down from the Surface 2, which lasted a whopping 14 hours and 22 minutes in our tests. ",
"Still, it was able to keep up with me for most of a workday, starting at 9 AM and finally losing charge around 4 PM.",
"\n\nConfiguration options and the competition\n\nOn top of the 64GB $499 and 128GB $599 options, there are also LTE-equipped Surface 3 models on the horizon starting at $599 with 64GB of storage. ",
"But don't forget, you've also got to add the $130 Type Cover if you want a keyboard and another $50 for the stylus. ",
"That puts the entry level Surface 3 at $680 with all of its accessories. ",
"And, for the first time, there's also a $200 docking station for the low-end Surface, which includes four USB ports, a Mini DisplayPort, and Gigabit Ethernet.",
"\n\nSure, the Surface 3 could be seen as an iPad Air 2 competitor. ",
"They start at the same price (sans the Type Cover), and they're both aiming at the 10-inch tablet market. ",
"But you could just as easily see it as a more functional alternative to mid-range Chromebooks like Samsung's $400 Chromebook 2, which can only run apps within Google's Chrome browser. ",
"It's also a more powerful option than cheap Windows laptops like HP's $200 Stream, which are the centerpiece of Microsoft's plan to take on Chromebooks. ",
"And, of course, the Surface 3 is basically just a stripped-down version of the Surface Pro 3, which starts at $799 without a Type Cover (though you'd likely end up spending around $1,000 if you bump up the specs).",
"\n\nAs I mentioned above, you should think hard about how you're going to use the Surface 3 before committing. ",
"If you just want a cheap web-browsing computer, go for a Chromebook instead. ",
"If you're mainly concerned about getting the best tablet experience, get the iPad Air 2. ",
"And if the Surface 3 sounds underpowered, consider saving up for the Surface Pro 3 (or its eventual successor, which could land in the next few months).",
"\n\nWrap-up\n\nI can't recommend the Surface 3 to everyone, but it's the first $499 Surface that I can recommend to someone. ",
"And that's more than I can say for the Surface 2 and RT. ",
"It's a machine that's capable of doing a lot -- within limits. ",
"And come the eventual Windows 10 upgrade, which will be freely available to all Windows 7 and 8 users later this year, it will only get better.",
"\n\nI can't recommend the Surface 3 to everyone, but it's the first $499 Surface that I can recommend to someone.",
"\n\nEven if it's not for you, the Surface 3 shows that Microsoft's vision of a single device that can serve as both tablet and laptop isn't a mere pipe dream. ",
"The company is learning from its mistakes -- ahem, Windows RT -- and it's continually doubling down on what makes the Surface lineup great. ",
"The big problem for Microsoft? ",
"It still doesn't have a killer, must-buy Surface. ",
"And that leaves it open to being usurped."
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[
"Q:\n\nProbability With Buckets And Balls\n\nThere are 5 non identical balls and 5 non identical buckets. ",
"You can place any amount of balls in a single bucket.",
"\na) In how many cases are there precisely one bucket empty?",
"\nb) In how many cases are there precisely three empty buckets?",
"\n\nA:\n\nPart A\nFirst take the first bucket empty, then number of ways is only four (of choosing number of balls in bucket-not arranging [as all balls are distinct]) as other $4$ buckets needs to have atleast one ball, so no of balls would be: $1$ ball in each of $3$ buckets and $2$ balls in $4^{th}$.Now empty bucket can be chosen is $5$ ways.",
"Now we can arrange all $5$ balls in $5!$ ways and in the bucket containing $2$ balls, the order doesn't matter so we divide by $2$.So putting balls inside would be:\n$$\\large W=\\underbrace{4}_{\\text{no. ",
"of balls}}\\times\\underbrace{5}_{\\text{empty bucket}}\\times\\underbrace{\\frac{5!}2}_{\\text{arrangement}}=1200$$\nPart B\nWorking similiarly, taking balls in buckets to be $(1,4),(2,3)$, each arrangement twice since all buckets are distinct\n$$\\large W=\\underbrace{2}_{\\text{reflection of (a,b) to (b,a)}}\\times\\underbrace{5!}_{\\text{arrangement}}\\times\\underbrace{\\binom53}_{\\text{choosing 3 empty buckets}}\\times\\left\\{\\underbrace{\\frac1{4!1}}_{(1,4) and (4,1)}+\\underbrace{\\frac1{3!2!}}_{(2,3) and (3,2)}\\right\\}=300$$\n\n"
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[
"Vehicle\n\n2010 Subaru Forester 2.5X Limited 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 4A)\n\nReview\n\nRecently purchased 08/24/2009 but already super impressed. ",
"I'm a tank, and my wife is a little bitty woman but our Forrester fits us both with all the comfort we could ask for. ",
"I have gone over this vehicle with a fine tooth comb and could not find a single defect, try that with any of the big three American brands. ",
"I intend on driving this car for many years, since my trade was a 92 Explorer. ",
"Almost a years research went into my purchase decision, I could not beat the safety options, comfort options, and other features for the price. ",
"Other comparable vehicles would have cost much more. ",
"I have never been as impressed with a vehicle as I have with this one. ",
"I know I have made the best choice!",
"\n\nBest Features\n\nFour wheel drive, well designed storage, folding seats, creature comforts, all in one package of a crossover SUV that no other brand comes close for the price & overall quality.",
"\n\nWorst Features\n\nA few more utility pockets for garage door opener, and a place to snap down a radar detector, cell phone, or other gadgets, in a sort of flip up or down type flap or door."
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[
"Член національної збірної України з боксу Артем Усик добровільно увійшов до складу Національної гвардії України.",
"\n\nЗа даними, наданими благодійним фондом \"Київ-Ринг\", протягом кількох днів його бригада перебуває в оточенні під обстрілами \"Градів\".",
"\n\nМісце перебування бригади з тактичних даних та в цілях безпеки не повідомляється, інформує офіційний сайт Федерації боксу України.",
"\n\nОкрім того, повідомляється, що Артем дивом врятувався: снаряд потрапив у машину, де знаходився спортсмен, миттю пізніше, як він її покинув.",
"\n\nНаразі від головного тренера української збірної з боксу, Дмитра Сосновського очікують повний список, хто з боксерів перебуває на фронті та беруть участь у бойових діях."
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[
"The invention relates generally to the fabrication of semiconductor devices and, more particularly, to the fabrication of the dielectric layers in semiconductor devices.",
"\nNon-volatile memory devices are currently in widespread use in electronic components that require the retention of information when electrical power is terminated. ",
"Non-volatile memory devices include read-only-memory (ROM), programmable-read-only memory (PROM), erasable-programmable-read-only memory (EPROM), and electrically-erasable-programmable-read-only-memory (EEPROM) devices. ",
"EEPROM devices differ from other non-volatile memory devices in that they can be electrically programmed and erased. ",
"Flash EEPROM devices are similar to EEPROM devices in that memory cells can be programmed and erased electrically. ",
"However, flash EEPROM devices enable the erasing of all memory cells in the device using a single electrical current pulse.",
"\nProduct development efforts in EEPROM device technology have focused on increasing the programming speed, lowering programming and reading voltages, increasing data retention time, reducing cell erasure times and reducing cell dimensions. ",
"One important dielectric material for the fabrication of the EEPROM is an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) structure. ",
"During programming, electrical charge is transferred from the substrate to the silicon nitride layer in the ONO structure. ",
"Voltages are applied to the gate and drain creating vertical and lateral electric fields, which accelerate the electrons along the length of the channel. ",
"As the electrons move along the channel, some of them gain sufficient energy to jump over the potential barrier of the bottom silicon dioxide layer and become trapped in the silicon nitride layer. ",
"Electrons are trapped near the drain region because the electric fields are the strongest near the drain.",
"\nA flash device that utilizes the ONO structure is a Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS) type cell, such as the Mirror-Bit(trademark) SONOS-type flash memory device available from Advanced Micro Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif. The SONOS type cell includes a bit-line, a word line and an ONO structure which function together to determine the location of the bit stored in memory. ",
"Important factors towards achieving high performance of the SONOS type cell include the quality and cleanliness of the ONO structure.",
"\nA problem exists with known SONOS fabrication techniques in that the quality and cleanliness of the ONO structure cannot be guaranteed during the fabrication process of the transistor. ",
"One reason that these factors cannot be guaranteed is that during production of the SONOS type cell, the top oxide layer of the ONO structure is subjected to repeated photoresist application and removal. ",
"For example, a resist layer is formed on the ONO structure to protect the device during arsenic implant that forms the underlying bit-line. ",
"After the arsenic is implanted, typically ashing (high temperature anneal or plasma treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere) and a wet clean are used to remove the resist layer.",
"\nResist material remaining on the top oxide layer of the ONO structure can adversely affect the connection between the top oxide layer and an overlying polycrystalline silicon layer of the SONOS cell to degrade performance of the memory cell. ",
"To effectively remove the resist layer, the top oxide layer should be aggressively cleaned so that no organic residue of the resist material remains to contaminate the top oxide of the ONO structure. ",
"According to known SONOS type cell structures, however, if cleaning is accomplished with an aggressive acid, such as hydrofluoric acid, the aggressive acid or treatment can degrade the top oxide layer of the ONO structure.",
"\nReferring now to FIGS. ",
"1A-1D, there is shown a conventional method of forming a bit-line by implantation of, e.g., arsenic (As). ",
"In FIG. ",
"1A, a portion of a nascent SONOS structure 10 is shown. ",
"The nascent SONOS structure 10 includes a semiconductor substrate 12, and an ONO structure 14. ",
"The ONO structure 14 includes a bottom silicon oxide layer 16, a silicon nitride layer 18, and a top silicon oxide layer 20.",
"\nAs shown in FIG. ",
"1B, next, a photoresist layer 22 is applied to the upper surface of the ONO structure 14, and then a bit-line pattern is etched into the photoresist layer 22.",
"\nAs shown in FIG. ",
"1C, As ions, shown schematically by arrows 24, are implanted into the nascent SONOS structure 10, to form implanted areas 26 in the ONO structure 14 and in the underlying semiconductor substrate 12. ",
"The portion of the implanted area 26 which is in the semiconductor substrate 12 will form the bit-line structures in the completed SONOS structure 10.",
"\nFollowing the As ion implantation step, the photoresist layer 22 is stripped, the upper oxide surface of the ONO structure 14 is cleaned, and the ONO structure 14 is consolidated by applying an oxidation cycle.",
"\nThe stripping, cleaning and oxidation steps include the use of harsh chemicals which may etch the top silicon oxide layer 20. ",
"In the portions of the top silicon oxide layer 20 through which As ions have been implanted, the implanted ions increase the susceptibility of the silicon oxide to erosion by such chemicals. ",
"As a result of the conventional stripping, oxidation and cleaning steps, a significant portion of the upper silicon oxide layer 20 may be etched away, as shown in FIG. ",
"1D.\nFIG. ",
"1D shows a conventional SONOS structure 10 at the point in the fabrication process following As ion implantation to form bit-lines 28, stripping of the photoresist, oxidation and cleaning, in which depressions or pits 30 have been formed in portions of the upper silicon oxide layer 20. ",
"The portions of the upper silicon oxide layer 20 including the depressions or pits 30 have a reduced thickness compared to other portions of the upper silicon oxide layer 20. ",
"This difference in thickness can have a significant negative impact on the operation and functioning of the memory cell to be formed in the SONOS structure 10.",
"\nIn sum, while there have been recent advances in EEPROM technology, numerous challenges exist in the fabrication of these devices. ",
"In particular, there is a need for an improved method of generating a SONOS type flash cell and EEPROM technology that allows for aggressive cleaning of the top layer of the ONO structure. ",
"In addition, a need remains for methods of fabricating a high quality ONO structure after multiple photoresist coating and cleaning cycles without degrading the top silicon oxide layer of the ONO structure.",
"\nThe present invention addresses the challenges existing in fabrication of such SONOS type structures. ",
"The present invention meets the need for a method of fabricating a high quality ONO structure which can withstand the rigors of the fabrication process without degradation of the top silicon oxide layer of the ONO structure.",
"\nThe present invention thus relates to a method for fabricating a SONOS device having a buried bit-line including the steps of: providing a semiconductor substrate having an ONO structure overlying the semiconductor substrate; forming a nitride barrier layer on the ONO structure to form a four-layer stack; forming a patterned photoresist layer on the nitride barrier layer; implanting ions through the four-layer stack to form a bit-line buried under the ONO structure; stripping the photoresist layer and cleaning an upper surface of the four-layer stack; and consolidating the four-layer stack by applying an oxidation cycle.",
"\nIn one embodiment, the invention further relates to a SONOS-type device comprising an ONO structure comprising an top oxide layer having an upper surface; a nitride barrier layer formed on the upper surface, which thereby form a NONO four-layer stack; and a conductive layer formed on the nitride barrier layer. ",
"The conductive layer may be one of polysilicon, a silicide, or a metal. ",
"In one embodiment, the device has a SNONOS structure."
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[
"523, 13132, 22985, 36730?",
"\n108*b**3 + 2*b**2 + 3*b - 433\nWhat is the j'th term of 394, 815, 1252, 1705, 2174?",
"\n8*j**2 + 397*j - 11\nWhat is the n'th term of 2603, 5604, 8605, 11606?",
"\n3001*n - 398\nWhat is the g'th term of -5011, -10008, -15005, -20002, -24999?",
"\n-4997*g - 14\nWhat is the d'th term of 270193, 270195, 270197?",
"\n2*d + 270191\nWhat is the d'th term of -476, -709, -932, -1139, -1324, -1481?",
"\nd**3 - d**2 - 237*d - 239\nWhat is the o'th term of -1702, -1691, -1682, -1681, -1694, -1727, -1786, -1877?",
"\n-o**3 + 5*o**2 + 3*o - 1709\nWhat is the k'th term of 129, 200, 225, 198, 113, -36?",
"\n-k**3 - 17*k**2 + 129*k + 18\nWhat is the i'th term of 66592, 66488, 66374, 66244, 66092, 65912, 65698, 65444?",
"\n-i**3 + i**2 - 100*i + 66692\nWhat is the t'th term of -36439, -36433, -36427?",
"\n6*t - 36445\nWhat is the q'th term of -139, -233, -357, -523, -743, -1029, -1393?",
"\n-2*q**3 - 3*q**2 - 71*q - 63\nWhat is the k'th term of -597, -1730, -3605, -6216, -9557, -13622, -18405, -23900?",
"\nk**3 - 377*k**2 - 9*k - 212\nWhat is the g'th term of 12041, 24058, 36075, 48092?",
"\n12017*g + 24\nWhat is the m'th term of -381, -1510, -3391, -6024, -9409, -13546?",
"\n-376*m**2 - m - 4\nWhat is the v'th term of -29281, -29269, -29247, -29215, -29173, -29121?",
"\n5*v**2 - 3*v - 29283\nWhat is the g'th term of 354, 1753, 5544, 12927, 25102, 43269?",
"\n200*g**3 - 4*g**2 + 11*g + 147\nWhat is the h'th term of -1562, -1486, -1408, -1328, -1246?",
"\nh**2 + 73*h - 1636\nWhat is the k'th term of 11807, 12612, 13417, 14222, 15027?",
"\n805*k + 11002\nWhat is the b'th term of -745937, -2983734, -6713395, -11934920?",
"\n-745932*b**2 - b - 4\nWhat is the a'th term of 26, 127, 302, 551?",
"\n37*a**2 - 10*a - 1\nWhat is the z'th term of 1838, 7004, 15600, 27620, 43058, 61908, 84164, 109820?",
"\n-z**3 + 1721*z**2 + 10*z + 108\nWhat is the f'th term of -6791, -13915, -21037, -28157, -35275, -42391, -49505?",
"\nf**2 - 7127*f + 335\nWhat is the w'th term of -698652, -1397302, -2095952?",
"\n-698650*w - 2\nWhat is the i'th term of -284, -2201, -7396, -17507, -34172?",
"\n-273*i**3 - i**2 - 3*i - 7\nWhat is the s'th term of -3135, -6276, -9425, -12582, -15747, -18920, -22101?",
"\n-4*s**2 - 3129*s - 2\nWhat is the j'th term of 17279, 17178, 17009, 16772, 16467, 16094, 15653?",
"\n-34*j**2 + j + 17312\nWhat is the u'th term of 1451, 2823, 4183, 5525, 6843, 8131?",
"\n-u**3 + 1379*u + 73\nWhat is the x'th term of -805, -1650, -2489, -3322, -4149, -4970?",
"\n3*x**2 - 854*x + 46\nWhat is the k'th term of -41749, -83498, -125245, -166990, -208733, -250474?",
"\nk**2 - 41752*k + 2\nWhat is the q'th term of 4290, 4292, 4294, 4296?",
"\n2*q + 4288\nWhat is the x'th term of -303, -723, -1261, -1911, -2667, -3523, -4473?",
"\nx**3 - 65*x**2 - 232*x - 7\nWhat is the r'th term of -33003, -65996, -98983, -131958, -164915, -197848?",
"\nr**3 - 3*r**2 - 32991*r - 10\nWhat is the r'th term of -105716, -105718, -105720?",
"\n-2*r - 105714\nWhat is the i'th term of 469, 493, 529, 583, 661, 769?",
"\ni**3 + 17*i + 451\nWhat is the n'th term of -592674, -1185338, -1777988, -2370618, -2963222, -3555794, -4148328, -4740818?",
"\nn**3 + n**2 - 592674*n - 2\nWhat is the n'th term of 1018, 4149, 9370, 16681, 26082, 37573?",
"\n1045*n**2 - 4*n - 23\nWhat is the n'th term of 2427, 2456, 2485, 2514?",
"\n29*n + 2398\nWhat is the g'th term of 912, 1838, 2780, 3744, 4736, 5762?",
"\ng**3 + 2*g**2 + 913*g - 4\nWhat is the k'th term of -65483, -130941, -196399, -261857?",
"\n-65458*k - 25\nWhat is the o'th term of -1848, -6095, -13174, -23085?",
"\n-1416*o**2 + o - 433\nWhat is the p'th term of 553, 1119, 1705, 2311?",
"\n10*p**2 + 536*p + 7\nWhat is the g'th term of -953, -3579, -7955, -14081?",
"\n-875*g**2 - g - 77\nWhat is the u'th term of 206759, 206760, 206761, 206762?",
"\nu + 206758\nWhat is the f'th term of 77, 494, 1615, 3794, 7385?",
"\n59*f**3 - 2*f**2 + 10*f + 10\nWhat is the c'th term of -3853, -15332, -34463, -61246, -95681, -137768?",
"\n-3826*c**2 - c - 26\nWhat is the h'th term of -748, -1716, -2686, -3658, -4632?",
"\n-h**2 - 965*h + 218\nWhat is the j'th term of -2348674, -2348673, -2348672, -2348671, -2348670?",
"\nj - 2348675\nWhat is the z'th term of 2545872, 2545871, 2545870?",
"\n-z + 2545873\nWhat is the m'th term of -3304, -3309, -3316, -3325, -3336?",
"\n-m**2 - 2*m - 3301\nWhat is the l'th term of 8820, 8839, 8872, 8919, 8980?",
"\n7*l**2 - 2*l + 8815\nWhat is the r'th term of -157, -312, -581, -976, -1509, -2192, -3037, -4056?",
"\n-2*r**3 - 45*r**2 - 6*r - 104\nWhat is the s'th term of -563, -679, -795, -911, -1027?",
"\n-116*s - 447\nWhat is the c'th term of -59873, -119740, -179605, -239468, -299329, -359188?",
"\nc**2 - 59870*c - 4\nWhat is the q'th term of 10953, 10952, 10951, 10950?",
"\n-q + 10954\nWhat is the p'th term of 2217, 2260, 2303, 2346?",
"\n43*p + 2174\nWhat is the b'th term of -2417, -4834, -7251, -9668?",
"\n-2417*b\nWhat is the t'th term of 1750, 1768, 1786, 1804, 1822?",
"\n18*t + 1732\nWhat is the h'th term of 16589, 16587, 16571, 16535, 16473, 16379, 16247?",
"\n-h**3 - h**2 + 8*h + 16583\nWhat is the u'th term of 152, 299, 536, 857, 1256?",
"\n-u**3 + 51*u**2 + u + 101\nWhat is the x'th term of 201, 652, 1353, 2304, 3505, 4956?",
"\n125*x**2 + 76*x\nWhat is the n'th term of -1326, -2652, -3982, -5316?",
"\n-2*n**2 - 1320*n - 4\nWhat is the a'th term of -836546, -836543, -836538, -836531, -836522, -836511?",
"\na**2 - 836547\nWhat is the m'th term of 374, 609, 858, 1127, 1422, 1749, 2114?",
"\nm**3 + m**2 + 225*m + 147\nWhat is the l'th term of -820603, -820597, -820579, -820543, -820483, -820393, -820267?",
"\nl**3 - l - 820603\nWhat is the h'th term of -187, -214, -241, -268?",
"\n-27*h - 160\nWhat is the u'th term of 52, 160, 342, 604, 952, 1392, 1930, 2572?",
"\nu**3 + 31*u**2 + 8*u + 12\nWhat is the z'th term of -2338040, -2338044, -2338048, -2338052, -2338056, -2338060?",
"\n-4*z - 2338036\nWhat is the s'th term of -3579, -7171, -10763?",
"\n-3592*s + 13\nWhat is the l'th term of 22733, 22701, 22669?",
"\n-32*l + 22765\nWhat is the q'th term of -357, -336, -315, -300, -297, -312?",
"\n-q**3 + 6*q**2 + 10*q - 372\nWhat is the i'th term of 65, 40, -163, -634, -1463, -2740, -4555?",
"\n-15*i**3 + i**2 + 77*i + 2\nWhat is the o'th term of 184975, 369952, 554929, 739906?",
"\n184977*o - 2\nWhat is the b'th term of 900, 964, 1040, 1134, 1252?",
"\nb**3 + 57*b + 842\nWhat is the k'th term of -6, -95, -268, -525, -866?",
"\n-42*k**2 + 37*k - 1\nWhat is the g'th term of 57, 55, 29, -39, -167, -373?",
"\n-3*g**3 + 6*g**2 + g + 53\nWhat is the v'th term of -856, -167, 1698, 5327, 11308, 20229, 32678?",
"\n98*v**3 + 3*v - 957\nWhat is the u'th term of 53409, 53419, 53429?",
"\n10*u + 53399\nWhat is the f'th term of 874, 1799, 2766, 3769, 4802, 5859?",
"\n-f**3 + 27*f**2 + 851*f - 3\nWhat is the u'th term of 19, 85, 181, 295, 415, 529?",
"\n-2*u**3 + 27*u**2 - u - 5\nWhat is the h'th term of -8398385, -8398386, -8398387, -8398388?",
"\n-h - 8398384\nWhat is the i'th term of -1255, -2277, -3299?",
"\n-1022*i - 233\nWhat is the t'th term of -36, -76, -160, -300, -508, -796?",
"\n-2*t**3 - 10*t**2 + 4*t - 28\nWhat is the t'th term of -140044, -140045, -140046, -140047?",
"\n-t - 140043\nWhat is the p'th term of 30133, 30108, 30083, 30058, 30033?",
"\n-25*p + 30158\nWhat is the m'th term of 422171, 844359, 1266547?",
"\n422188*m - 17\nWhat is the s'th term of -418849, -418848, -418847, -418846, -418845?",
"\ns - 418850\nWhat is the c'th term of 135799, 135814, 135835, 135862?",
"\n3*c**2 + 6*c + 135790\nWhat is the j'th term of -9777, -19565, -29361, -39171, -49001, -58857, -68745?",
"\n-j**3 + 2*j**2 - 9787*j + 9\nWhat is the z'th term of 94889, 189785, 284681, 379577, 474473?",
"\n94896*z - 7\nWhat is the x'th term of 611530, 611526, 611520, 611512?",
"\n-x**2 - x + 611532\nWhat is the c'th term of -173, -402, -631, -860, -1089, -1318?",
"\n-229*c + 56\nWhat is the k'th term of -3597, -3773, -3953, -4137?",
"\n-2*k**2 - 170*k - 3425\nWhat is the n'th term of 43528, 43440, 43342, 43228, 43092, 42928, 42730?",
"\n-n**3 + n**2 - 84*n + 43612\nWhat is the j'th term of -1225, -1227, -1229, -1231, -1233?",
"\n-2*j - 1223\nWhat is the d'th term of 38, 127, 214, 293, 358, 403, 422?",
"\n-d**3 + 5*d**2 + 81*d - 47\nWhat is the z'th term of -81300, -162599, -243898?",
"\n-81299*z - 1\nWhat is the g'th term of 16221, 16219, 16217, 16215?",
"\n-2*g + 16223\nWhat is the f'th term of -600, -101, 398, 897, 1396?",
"\n499*f - 1099\nWhat is the i'th term of 15, -32, -109, -216, -353, -520, -717?",
"\n-15*i**2 - 2*i + 32\nWhat is the w'th term of -9452, -9327, -9202?",
"\n125*w - 9577\nWhat is the d'th term of 3274, 13075, 29412, 52285, 81694, 117639, 160120?",
"\n3268*d**2 - 3*d + 9\nWhat is the s'th term of -2721, -5411, -809"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
[
0.001021254574880004,
0.016817620024085045,
0.005525704938918352,
0.004795608576387167,
0.0010096479672938585,
0.001147855189628899,
0.0019501917995512486,
0.06968439370393753,
0.9430246353149414,
0.012436112388968468,
0.0013967787381261587,
0.20182670652866364,
0.9415977001190186,
0.0020577830728143454,
0.002565371571108699,
0.005703816656023264,
0.01455557718873024,
0.013489262200891972,
0.02463262341916561,
0.0022480878978967667,
0.0015517339343205094,
0.013407669961452484,
0.6748058795928955,
0.0011335905874148011,
0.0063955713994801044,
0.002870680531486869,
0.0027049011550843716,
0.00906087551265955,
0.004399546887725592,
0.8477442860603333,
0.001154762809164822,
0.0031334131490439177,
0.012363342568278313,
0.0015570266405120492,
0.007198035717010498,
0.005950578488409519,
0.009900223463773727,
0.003968751057982445,
0.03739570826292038,
0.00909317098557949,
0.012367088347673416,
0.00966011080890894,
0.008748534135520458,
0.004695367533713579,
0.9160134792327881,
0.009159104898571968,
0.004386245738714933,
0.0011972226202487946,
0.001404116628691554,
0.0012547038495540619,
0.003940069582313299,
0.03214167430996895,
0.0035926278214901686,
0.004707693122327328,
0.0026885720435529947,
0.0029378291219472885,
0.00104163505602628,
0.0028155380859971046,
0.012958579696714878,
0.013612568378448486,
0.003398217260837555,
0.009716039523482323,
0.010554606094956398,
0.0009229994029738009,
0.0018839488038793206,
0.001864100806415081,
0.030401967465877533,
0.003518961137160659,
0.0011278194142505527,
0.0010266564786434174,
0.0021410221233963966,
0.0055403877049684525,
0.0069611878134310246,
0.016616754233837128,
0.9196107983589172,
0.016282325610518456,
0.017624150961637497,
0.01649557054042816,
0.8850098252296448,
0.04382951557636261,
0.0012341253459453583,
0.003354407846927643,
0.011942020617425442,
0.0010201032273471355,
0.001309538958594203,
0.002113550202921033,
0.0019300770945847034,
0.01581910438835621,
0.002095191739499569,
0.0015117630828171968,
0.004793685395270586,
0.005256622098386288,
0.8811764717102051,
0.01040017418563366,
0.0009685851982794702,
0.005783837288618088,
0.0016578133217990398,
0.01516766007989645,
0.0108078857883811,
0.0036306199617683887,
0.0012214391026645899,
0.005057482980191708
] | 0.077994 | 102 |
[
"/* Written by Geoff Thorpe ([email protected]) for the OpenSSL\r\n * project 2000.",
"\r\n */\r\n/* ====================================================================\r\n * Copyright (c) 1999-2001 The OpenSSL Project. ",
" All rights reserved.",
"\r\n *\r\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\r\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\r\n * are met:\r\n *\r\n * 1. ",
"Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. ",
"\r\n *\r\n * 2. ",
"Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in\r\n * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\r\n * distribution.",
"\r\n *\r\n * 3. ",
"All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this\r\n * software must display the following acknowledgment:\r\n * \"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project\r\n * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (",
"http://www.OpenSSL.org/)\"\r\n *\r\n * 4. ",
"The names \"OpenSSL Toolkit\" and \"OpenSSL Project\" must not be used to\r\n * endorse or promote products derived from this software without\r\n * prior written permission. ",
"For written permission, please contact\r\n * [email protected].",
"\r\n *\r\n * 5. ",
"Products derived from this software may not be called \"OpenSSL\"\r\n * nor may \"OpenSSL\" appear in their names without prior written\r\n * permission of the OpenSSL Project.",
"\r\n *\r\n * 6. ",
"Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following\r\n * acknowledgment:\r\n * \"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project\r\n * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)\"\r\n *\r\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY\r\n * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\n * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\n * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ",
" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR\r\n * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\r\n * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\r\n * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;\r\n * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\r\n * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,\r\n * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\r\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED\r\n * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.",
"\r\n * ====================================================================\r\n *\r\n * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young\r\n * ([email protected]). ",
" This product includes software written by Tim\r\n * Hudson ([email protected]).",
"\r\n *\r\n */\r\n\r\n#include <openssl/e_os2.h>\r\n#include \"ssl_tests.h\"\r\n#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS\r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <string.h>\r\n#endif\r\n\r\n#ifdef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE\r\nint ssl_test_engine(int argc, char *argv[])\r\n{\r\n TINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"No ENGINE support\\n\");\r\n return(0);\r\n}\r\n#else\r\n#include <openssl/buffer.h>\r\n#include <openssl/crypto.h>\r\n#include <openssl/engine.h>\r\n#include <openssl/err.h>\r\n\r\nstatic void display_engine_list(void)\r\n\t{\r\n\tENGINE *h;\r\n\tint loop;\r\n\r\n\th = ENGINE_get_first();\r\n\tloop = 0;\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"listing available engine types\\n\");\r\n\twhile(h)\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"engine %i, id = \\\"%s\\\", name = \\\"%s\\\"\\n\",\r\n\t\t\tloop++, ENGINE_get_id(h), ENGINE_get_name(h));\r\n\t\th = ENGINE_get_next(h);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"end of list\\n\");\r\n\t/* ENGINE_get_first() increases the struct_ref counter, so we \r\n must call ENGINE_free() to decrease it again */\r\n\tENGINE_free(h);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\nint ssl_test_engine(int argc, char *argv[])\r\n\t{\r\n\tENGINE *block[512];\r\n\tchar buf[256];\r\n\tconst char *id, *name;\r\n\tENGINE *ptr;\r\n\tint loop;\r\n\tint to_return = 1;\r\n\tENGINE *new_h1 = NULL;\r\n\tENGINE *new_h2 = NULL;\r\n\tENGINE *new_h3 = NULL;\r\n\tENGINE *new_h4 = NULL;\r\n\r\n\t/* enable memory leak checking unless explicitly disabled */\r\n\tif (!((",
"TINYCLR_SSL_GETENV(\"OPENSSL_DEBUG_MEMORY\") !",
"= NULL) && (0 == TINYCLR_SSL_STRCMP(TINYCLR_SSL_GETENV(\"OPENSSL_DEBUG_MEMORY\"), \"off\"))))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tCRYPTO_malloc_debug_init();\r\n\t\tCRYPTO_set_mem_debug_options(V_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_ALL);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\telse\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\t/* OPENSSL_DEBUG_MEMORY=off */\r\n\t\tCRYPTO_set_mem_debug_functions(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tCRYPTO_mem_ctrl(CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK_ON);\r\n\tERR_load_crypto_strings();\r\n\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_MEMSET(block, 0, 512 * sizeof(ENGINE *));\r\n\tif(((new_h1 = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_id(new_h1, \"test_id0\") ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_name(new_h1, \"First test item\") ||\r\n\t\t\t((new_h2 = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_id(new_h2, \"test_id1\") ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_name(new_h2, \"Second test item\") ||\r\n\t\t\t((new_h3 = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_id(new_h3, \"test_id2\") ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_name(new_h3, \"Third test item\") ||\r\n\t\t\t((new_h4 = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_id(new_h4, \"test_id3\") ||\r\n\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_name(new_h4, \"Fourth test item\"))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Couldn't set up test ENGINE structures\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"\\nenginetest beginning\\n\\n\");\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_add(new_h1))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Add failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tptr = ENGINE_get_first();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_remove(ptr))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tif (ptr)\r\n\t\tENGINE_free(ptr);\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_add(new_h3) || !",
"ENGINE_add(new_h2))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Add failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_remove(new_h2))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_add(new_h4))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Add failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(ENGINE_add(new_h3))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Add *should* have failed but didn't!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\telse\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Add that should fail did.\\n\");\r\n\tERR_clear_error();\r\n\tif(ENGINE_remove(new_h2))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove *should* have failed but didn't!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\telse\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove that should fail did.\\n\");\r\n\tERR_clear_error();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_remove(new_h3))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_remove(new_h4))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\t/* Depending on whether there's any hardware support compiled\r\n\t * in, this remove may be destined to fail. */",
"\r\n\tptr = ENGINE_get_first();\r\n\tif(ptr)\r\n\t\tif(!ENGINE_remove(ptr))\r\n\t\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Remove failed!i - probably no hardware \"\r\n\t\t\t\t\"support present.\\n\");\r\n\tif (ptr)\r\n\t\tENGINE_free(ptr);\r\n\tdisplay_engine_list();\r\n\tif(!ENGINE_add(new_h1) || !",
"ENGINE_remove(new_h1))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Couldn't add and remove to an empty list!\\n\");\r\n\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\telse\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Successfully added and removed to an empty list!\\n\");\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"About to beef up the engine-type list\\n\");\r\n\tfor(loop = 0; loop < 512; loop++)\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_SPRINTF(buf, \"id%i\", loop);\r\n\t\tid = BUF_strdup(buf);\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_SPRINTF(buf, \"Fake engine type %i\", loop);\r\n\t\tname = BUF_strdup(buf);\r\n\t\tif(((block[loop] = ENGINE_new()) == NULL) ||\r\n\t\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_id(block[loop], id) ||\r\n\t\t\t\t!",
"ENGINE_set_name(block[loop], name))\r\n\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"Couldn't create block of ENGINE structures.\\n\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\"I'll probably also core-dump now, damn.\\n\");\r\n\t\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tfor(loop = 0; loop < 512; loop++)\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tif(!ENGINE_add(block[loop]))\r\n\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"\\nAdding stopped at %i, (%s,%s)\\n\",\r\n\t\t\t\tloop, ENGINE_get_id(block[loop]),\r\n\t\t\t\tENGINE_get_name(block[loop]));\r\n\t\t\tgoto cleanup_loop;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\telse\r\n\t\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\".\"); ",
"TINYCLR_SSL_FFLUSH(OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDOUT);\r\n\t\t}\r\ncleanup_loop:\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"\\nAbout to empty the engine-type list\\n\");\r\n\twhile((ptr = ENGINE_get_first()) !",
"= NULL)\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tif(!ENGINE_remove(ptr))\r\n\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"\\nRemove failed!\\n\");\r\n\t\t\tgoto end;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\tENGINE_free(ptr);\r\n\t\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\".\"); ",
"TINYCLR_SSL_FFLUSH(OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDOUT);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tfor(loop = 0; loop < 512; loop++)\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\tOPENSSL_free((void *)ENGINE_get_id(block[loop]));\r\n\t\tOPENSSL_free((void *)ENGINE_get_name(block[loop]));\r\n\t\t}\r\n\tTINYCLR_SSL_PRINTF(\"\\nTests completed happily\\n\");\r\n\tto_return = 0;\r\nend:\r\n\tif(to_return)\r\n\t\tERR_print_errors_fp(OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDERR);\r\n\tif(new_h1) ENGINE_free(new_h1);\r\n\tif(new_h2) ENGINE_free(new_h2);\r\n\tif(new_h3) ENGINE_free(new_h3);\r\n\tif(new_h4) ENGINE_free(new_h4);\r\n\tfor(loop = 0; loop < 512; loop++)\r\n\t\tif(block[loop])\r\n\t\t\tENGINE_free(block[loop]);\r\n\tENGINE_cleanup();\r\n\tCRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();\r\n\tERR_free_strings();\r\n\tERR_remove_thread_state(NULL);\r\n\tCRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp(OPENSSL_TYPE__FILE_STDERR);\r\n\treturn to_return;\r\n\t}\r\n#endif\r\n\r\n"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
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0.13468748331069946,
0.001845930004492402,
0.015302912332117558,
0.0029100580140948296
] | 0.005704 | 38 |
[
"Q:\n\nSuggest the native app from your web service\n\nI saw some time ago in an Apple Keynote that they will implemente (or already implemented) a feature that will allow you to promote your native app from inside your web service.",
"\nThe example given, if I remember correctly, was with a restaurant table reservation system. ",
"When you entered the web service to reserve a table, the browser asked you if you don't want to make the reservation using the native app, from the same service provider, available in App Store. ",
"If you choose so, then the phone will download the native app and opened it for you.",
"\nDoes this feature got implemented ? ",
"I don't manage to find it anywhere ?",
"\n\nA:\n\nApple has added a special banner in iOS 6, which you can add to you mobile site. ",
"This banner wil be placed at top of your site. ",
"The banner will detect if the app is installed or not and allow the user to open the app or download it.",
"\nYou will find all you need to in Promoting Apps withApp Banner\n\n"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
[
0.0005805384134873748,
0.000575907644815743,
0.0005695144645869732,
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0.0011658541625365615,
0.0006631699507124722,
0.0006913711549714208
] | 0.000678 | 10 |
[
"2011 Poznań Porsche Open – Singles\n\nDenis Gremelmayr was the defending champion. ",
"Vincent Millot defeated him in the second round.",
"\nRui Machado won the final 6–3, 6–3, against Jerzy Janowicz.",
"\n\nSeeds\n\nDraw\n\nFinals\n\nTop half\n\nBottom Half\n\nReferences\n Main Draw\n Qualifying Draw\n\nPoznan Porsche Open - Singles\n2011 Singles"
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
[
0.0008247375371865928,
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0.0016737658297643065,
0.0007886735256761312
] | 0.001458 | 4 |
[
"nyx eyebrow gel brunette swatch\n\nToday I am showing you not only how to use NYX Cosmetics Eyebrow Gel but I am also doing a small review, Swatches and as Demo which is actually an eyebrow tutorial.",
"How I Do My Eyebrows Using Nyx Eyebrow Gel In Brunette - Nyxcosmetics - Alexisjayda. ",
"My review is about NYX Eyebrow Cake Powder in Brunette. ",
"Take a look at the swatch and make up.",
"Speaking of the wax, I noticed that it makes my brows shiny, so I avoid it. ",
"I like fixing my brows with a clear brow gel from Ardell, which is difficult to find offline. ",
"Brunette is perfect for dirty blonde hair, and blonde is perfect for blonde!I have very light and sparce eyebrows. ",
"This NYX eyebrow gel worked!! ",
"I was so happy. ",
"There is nothing worse than swimming and you emerge from the water with half an eyebrow. ",
"Rated 4 out of 5 by deecollins from NYX Brunette Eyebrow Gel I have been using this for about 2 weeks now. ",
"I like it a lot. ",
"It has taken some trial and error and some getting used to but I think I got it down now. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Tutorial: Brunette by Audri Monique Download.",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Review, Swatches and Demo (eyebrow tutorial) by SmashinBeauty Download. ",
"NYX Brow Gel: Waterproof? ",
"by Diva Makeup Queen Download. ",
"2017-11-09 nyx eyebrow gel review,nyx eyebrow gel demo,Nyx brow gel tutorial,MUFE AQUA BROW,anastasia beverly hills dipbrow pomade,perfect eyebrows,waterproof eyebrow,how to use nyxam also doing a small review, Swatches and as Demo which is actually an eyebrow tutorial. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel comes in 5 colors. ",
"Source: NYX.",
"\n\nIt comes in small paper box as shown below: Source: NYX. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel: Blonde, Chocolate, Brunette, Espresso and Black Swatches. ",
"This video was shot in a car with sunlight pouring in. ",
"Mine is brunette, i rather choose the blonde one but since it was not in ready stock so i choose the Brunette.",
"And here is a swatch on my eyebrow. ",
"The upper pic was my bare brow. ",
"I applied some amount of NYX Eyebrow Gel on it with Eyebrow Brush. ",
"Похожие видео. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Review, Swatches and Dem 3 years ago.pinayprincessa 4 years ago. !!",
"nyx eyebrow gel brunette tutorial!! ",
"| I think Im the millionth person to get incredibly excited about NYX coming to Boots - Im yet to see NYX in store, but I saw their small stand in Selfridges and it was really nice being able to swatch their products in person as Ive only ever ordered online. ",
"Today Im sharing my Nyx eyebrow gel review with you. ",
"Ive got swatches of all 5 shades.",
"\n\nThis is a great cruelty free dupe for Make Up For Ever Aqua Brow, at a fraction of the cost! ",
"I picked up Black, Espresso and Blonde, and was sent Chocolate and Brunette for review. ",
"I came home early from work today because the computer system is down so there is nothing we can do, which is unfortunate because its our month end week and we still got a lot of entries to do so eventually I will still need to makeup for loss time, boo! ",
"The Nyx Eyebrow Gel comes in a small squeeze tube, unlike most brow color products. ",
"Once the product has set, it is completely smudge and water resistant. ",
"This product will give you brows that last all day. ",
"NYX Brow Gel: Waterproof?How to use NYX Eye brow gel 2 years ago. ",
"by goldengyrl333 2 years ago. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Review, Swatches and Dem Find reviews, swatches, and dupes for NYX Eyebrow Gel, a Keep your misbehaving brows in place with our discreet and easy-to-use brow gel!Blonde (EBG01) Chocolate (EBG02) Brunette (EBG03) Espresso (EBG04) Black (EBG05). ",
"Shades in NYX Eyebrow Gel. ",
"Keep your misbehaving brows in place with our discreet and easy-to-use brow gel!Rated 4 out of 5 by deecollins from NYX Brunette Eyebrow Gel I have been using this for about 2 weeks now. ",
"I like it a lot. ",
"Eyes, NYX, Product Reviews. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Espresso : Swatch, Review.",
"Today I am reviewing the NYX Espresso Brow Gel which I picked up online from cherryculture.com. ",
"Price : US 7.00. ",
"Available in 5 shades : Blonde (ash blonde), Chocolate (red brown), Brunette (ash brown), Espresso I was so excited to try this eyebrow gel that I purchased it online and paid for shipping when theres an ULTA right across my place (but all the eyebrow gels were sold out, of course). ",
"I really couldnt wait until theyd restock though so I went ahead and ordered it from NYXs online store. ",
"NYX Cosmetics eyebrow Gel Review, NYX brow gel review, Swatches and Demo ( eyebrow tutorial).Nyx Eyebrow Gel Swatches (Espresso, Brunette and Chocolate) I purchased mine from FB: thepinkshoppe IG: thepinkshoppe No Today Ill be reviewing the Nyx Eyebrow Gels. ",
"I heard so many good things about these that I finally decided to give them a try.",
"Especially a taupe! ",
"This is really a fantastic product and I think everyone should be able to find a shade with ease! ",
"Blonde. ",
"Chocolate. ",
"Brunette. ",
"Comparativa del Gel Eyebrow de NYX vs el Aqua Brow de MUFE MUFE - 25 NYX - Brunette Toda la Info y enlaces de inters Si os ha gustado el vdeoDemo and Comparison: Nyx Eyebrow Gel and Make Up Forever Aqua Brow. ",
"Nyx Eyebrow Gel Review and Swatches. ",
"Aqua brow cream World novelties makeup 2017.Mscara Para Sobrancelhas Nyx Tinted Brow - Mallu Store Beautywithemilyfox: Best Tinted Brow Gel? ",
"Is this a dupe and is this better than MUFE aqua brow and anastasia beverly hills dipbrow pomade, find out!Today I am showing you not only how to use NYX Cosmetics Eyebrow Gel but I am also doing a small review, Swatches and as Demo which is actually an eyebrow tutorial. ",
"NYX brow gel review and swatches. ",
"I have oily skin and I usually touch my eyebrows so when I go out to paint the town red, I need something that will not smudge and move but I will tolerate fading of the eyebrows. ",
"Calvin Klein. ",
"Swatch. ",
"Tissot. ",
"Featured Brands.",
"Nyx Eyebrow Gel- Brunette. ",
"by NYX, Makeup -. ",
"Subscribe to get updates on this product. ",
"Item is currently out of stock.gel brunette nyx eye brow gel nyx eyebrow gel brunette worth it does it work wunderbrow dupe cheap wunderbrow wunderbrow wonderbrow waterproof demo first impression swatches removal removing nyx eyebrow gel drugstore makeup nyx cosmetics eyebrow gel brows on fleek best brownyx eyebrow gel review chocolate a nice bonus is that there are b-schoolers who form groupscards at the best possible value. ",
"nyx eyebrow gel clear nyx eyebrow gel espresso swatch (and.nyx eyebrow gel review espresso flight tickets set off worries 21 nyx eyebrow gel review brunette BeautyRedefined by Pang: NYX Eyebrow Gel Brunette Swatch and Review.",
"The Girly Medic: ALL ABOUT BROWS Series: REVIEW on NYX Brow Gel in Brunette. ",
"735 x 1600 jpeg 90kB. gussyupblog.blogspot.co.uk. ",
"Tuesday, August 5, 2014. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel in Espresso. ",
"Meg Blackett Tuesday, August 05, 2014 brows , makeup , nyx , review , swatch , swatches No comments : This stuff was so hard to find! ",
"Nyx Brow Gel: Smudge Proof Water Proof Eyebrow Tutorial- Luvly Latisha.",
"Brow gel in Brunette :D ily guys. ",
"visit me on instagram: beautymetriny see you soon. ",
"xo, triny. ",
"NYX Eyebrow Gel Review, Swatches and Demo (eyebrow tutorial). ",
"The NYX eyebrow gel comes in four hues, but only two (blonde and brunette) were available in my local NYX. ",
"Obviously, I chose brunette because I have brown hair.",
"Swatch time! ",
"After workout brows. ",
"NYX Cosmetics Eyebrow Gel Swatch and Review nyx cosmetics eyebrow gel, nyx cosmetics, nyx cosmetics eyebrow gel in brunette, swatch of nyx eyebrow gel. ",
"NYX Cosmetics eyebrow Gel Review, NYX brow gel review, Swatches and Demo ( eyebrow tutorial).How I Do My Eyebrows Using Nyx Eyebrow Gel In Brunette - Nyxcosmetics - Alexisjayda. ",
"Загружено 12 июня 2015. ",
"How I Do My Eyebrows Using Nyx Eyebrow Gel In Brunette - Nyxcosmetics - Alexisjayda.",
"Today I am showing you not only how to use NYX Cosmetics Eyebrow Gel but I am also doing a small review, Swatches and as Demo which is actually an eyebrow tutorial. ",
"I tried this brunette but looked black on me.",
"Didnt look good,lol. ",
"Sandy Moyer: I want to try this brow gel.",
"Celestial: I went through 3 videos about NYX Eyebrow Gel and on all 3 vids, a bug or a fly came to interrupt the video lmfao what a coincidence! ",
"Nyx Eyebrows Brunettes Eyebrowns Brows Eye Brows Brow Eyebrow. ",
"Гель для бровей Nyx Eyebrow Gel в оттенке EBG 03 brunette. ",
"See More. ",
"NYX Micro Brow Pencil Swatches: Espresso, Chocolate, Brunette.",
"Plus, I mainly use these to outline my eyebrows before filling my brows with eyeshadows and brow gel, so these three colors all work well for me and dont differ much."
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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0.0007184685091488063,
0.0010538658825680614,
0.0007646088488399982
] | 0.004822 | 101 |
[
"Different cardiovascular responses to hemodialysis-induced fluid depletion and blood pressure compliance.",
"\nOn the basis of cardiovascular compliance, hemodialysis (HD) patients can be classified as hypotension prone (HP) or hypotension resistant (HR). ",
"We compare the hemodynamic behavior and myocardial performances in 6 HP and 6 HR patients before and after an isolated ultrafiltration (IU) session removing 3% of total body water. ",
"HP show higher basal plasma angiotensin II levels during IU (p<0.01), whereas angiotensin II remained unchanged in HR patients (p<0.001 between groups). ",
"The percentage changes of plasma volume (PV) was similar in the 2 groups. ",
"A significant reduction of cardiac index was observed only in the HP group (p<0.001 between groups). ",
"The mean values of heart rate remained significantly higher, whereas total peripheral resistances significantly fell in the HP in comparison with the HR group (p<0.001 between groups). ",
"During IU, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes were -10 +/- 3 mm Hg in the HP vs. -3.3 +/- 2 mm Hg in the HR group (p<0.001). ",
"Echocardiography data were collected before and after IU. ",
"All enrolled patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy; following IU, HP patients showed a reduction of mean left ventricular diameter (p<0.01), left atrial diameters and right atrial diameter, and a change in percentage of right atrium ejection fraction (p<0.001, p<0.01). ",
"In comparison with HR patients, HP patients before and after IU showed a defective arteriovenous tone adjustment to the PV changes, with a hemodynamic picture of abnormal sympathetic stimulation. ",
"Moreover, a reduced cardiac preload with both atrial and ventricular underfilling in these patients is at risk for a sudden drop in MAP."
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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0.0009216961334459484
] | 0.000718 | 12 |
[
"Photo by Abbie Parr/Getty Images Don’t write the Cowboys off yet. ",
"The Dallas Cowboys have played three games this season and only won one. ",
"It is definitely fair to note that Dallas has lost games to two teams that look to be serious contenders in the NFC in the Los Angeles Rams and Seattle Seahawks."
] |
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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0.0013698366237804294,
0.0007875751471146941,
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] | 0.000926 | 3 |
[
"Dogs fed \"grain free\" food based on peas, lentils or potatoes are developing an unusual condition that can cause an enlarged heart, the Food and Drug Administration warned Thursday.",
"\n\nThe condition, called canine dilated cardiomyopathy, is more common in certain breeds, but it’s turning up in breeds that are not usually susceptible, the FDA said.",
"\n\nIt might be down to a nutritional deficiency, the FDA said.",
"\n\nThe agency is not naming brands, but said the ingredients seemed to be more important than the brands. ",
"The affected dogs appear to have been fed certain types of pet foods.",
"\n\n“We are concerned about reports of canine heart disease, known as dilated cardiomyopathy, in dogs that ate certain pet foods containing peas, lentils other legumes or potatoes as their main ingredients,” said the FDA’s Dr. Martine Hartogensis.",
"\n\n“The FDA is investigating the potential link between DCM and these foods. ",
"We encourage pet owners and veterinarians to report DCM cases in dogs who are not predisposed to the disease,” Hartogensis said in a statement.",
"\n\nDogs with the disease develop an enlarged heart, which then struggles to function properly. ",
"They can develop congestive heart failure, which can be fatal.",
"\n\nSymptoms include lethargy, weight loss and, sometimes, a cough.",
"\n\n\"Heart function may improve in cases that are not linked to genetics with appropriate veterinary treatment and dietary modification, if caught early,\" the FDA said.",
"\n\nSome breeds of dog have a genetic predisposition, including great Danes, Newfoundlands, boxers, Doberman pinschers and St. Bernards.",
"\n\n“However, the cases that have been reported to the FDA have included golden and Labrador retrievers, whippets, a Shih Tzu, a bulldog and miniature schnauzers, as well as mixed breeds,” the FDA said.",
"\n\nA dietary deficiency may be one cause, according to the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. ",
"Heart drugs can be used to treat the symptoms.",
"\n\nThe FDA wants to hear from veterinarians who have treated cases of DCM.",
"\n\n\"Diets in cases reported to the FDA frequently list potatoes or multiple legumes such as peas, lentils, other 'pulses' (seeds of legumes), and their protein, starch and fiber derivatives early in the ingredient list, indicating that they are main ingredients,\" the FDA said.",
"\n\n\"Early reports from the veterinary cardiology community indicate that the dogs consistently ate these foods as their primary source of nutrition for time periods ranging from months to years. ",
"High levels of legumes or potatoes appear to be more common in diets labeled as 'grain-free,' but it is not yet known how these ingredients are linked to cases of DCM,\" it added.",
"\n\n\"Changes in diet, especially for dogs with DCM, should be made in consultation with a licensed veterinarian.\"",
"\n\nTaurine deficiency is one potential explanation. ",
"Taurine is an amino acid — a building block of protein — that is essential for carnivores. \"",
"Taurine deficiency is well-documented as potentially leading to DCM,\" the FDA said in a statement.",
"\n\n\"The FDA encourages pet owners and veterinary professionals to report cases of DCM in dogs suspected of having a link to diet by using the electronic Safety Reporting Portal or calling their state’s FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinators.\" ",
"The agency has online guidance on how to report on pet food problems."
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"Considerable expense is involved in the construction of an elevator hoistway and machine room. ",
"The expense includes the cost of constructing the machine room, the structure required to support the weight of the machine room and elevator equipment, and the cost of shading adjacent properties from sunlight (e.g., sunshine laws in Japan and elsewhere). ",
"The expense also includes the length of the hoistway. ",
"Typically, local codes require a minimum clearance between the top of the elevator car at its highest position in the hoistway and the hoistway ceiling. ",
"Conventionally, the highest item on top of the elevator car is the door operator which is located on top of or projects partly above the elevator car ceiling. ",
"By eliminating or minimizing the highest points on top of the elevator car, the length of the hoistway may be reduced so as to result in a significant reduction in construction costs.",
"\nOne solution is to move the door operator underneath the elevator car. ",
"However, this approach only results in shifting the clearance problem since additional space is required in the lower portion of the hoistway to accommodate the door operator. ",
"Another solution is to move the door operator to a side of the elevator car. ",
"A drawback with placing the door system on a side of the car is that additional space between the car and hoistway sidewall is necessary to accommodate rather bulky, conventional motors which drive the elevator car and hoistway doors. ",
"Thus the additional side space required to accommodate the drive system detracts from any savings due to reducing the overhead space of the hoistway.",
"\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide an elevator door system which avoids the above-mentioned drawbacks associated with prior elevator door systems."
] |
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"Lack of enhancing effect of two Kampo medicines, Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) and Sairei-to (TJ-114), on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.",
"\nThe modifying potential of two Kampo medicines (Japanese traditional herbal medicines), Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) and Sairei-to (TJ-114), on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)- nitrosamine (BBN) was evaluated. ",
"Groups of 20 animals were given 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then 0.7 or 2.8% TJ-9, 0.9 or 3.6% TJ-114, or 3.0% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) as a positive control substance in their diet for 32 weeks. ",
"All rats were killed after 36 weeks and examined histopathologically. ",
"No adverse effects of the test compounds were found in terms of survival, clinical sign, and body weight. ",
"Administration of 0.7 and 2.8% TJ-9 and 0.9 and 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet did not affect the incidences or extent of PN hyperplasia in the BBN-treated rats. ",
"Incidences and multiplicities of papillomas were also not affected in rats fed 0.7 or 2.8% TJ-9 and 0.9% TJ-114, while they were significantly decreased in animals given 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet. ",
"The results thus demonstrated that neither of the test chemicals exerted any promotional activity on urinary bladder carcinogenesis, in clear contrast to NaHCO(3). ",
"In addition, bladder carcinogenesis was reduced by 3.6% TJ-114 in the diet, under the present experimental conditions."
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"İngiltere Çalışma Vizesi-Genel Bilgiler\n\nGüncelleme Tarihi: 2019-04-19 07:40:23\n\nİngiltere çalışma vizesi, İngiltere’de nasıl çalışılacağına, ne kadar çalışılacağına göre çeşitli alt kategorilere ayrılmaktadır.",
"\n\nİngiltere’de serbest meslek sahibi veya çalışan olarak başvuru yapılabilecek İngiltere Çalışma Vizesi'nin çeşitli alt kategorileri bulunmaktadır. ",
"Bu kategoriler şunlardır;\n\n1.İngiltere Genel Çalışma İzni Vizesi (TIER 2)\n\nİngiltere Genel Çalışma İzni Vizesi (TIER 2), bir işveren tarafından istihdam edilmek üzere İngiltere’ye giderek çalışmak isteyenlerin alması gereken İngiltere vizesi türüdür.",
"\n\n2.Ankara Antlaşması Vizesi\n\nAnkara Antlaşması Vizesi başvurularında standart şartlar yerine işi yapabilecek düzeyde şartlara sahip olunmasının yeterli olduğu ve yalnızca 18 yaşından büyük olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşlarının başvuru yapabildiği İngiltere vizesi türüdür.",
"\n\n3.Ankara Antlaşması Çalışan Vizesi\n\nEn az 1 yıl süreyle İngiltere Tier-4 Öğrenci Vizesi veya diğer herhangi bir İngiltere'de yasal olarak çalışmaya izin veren vize türüyle İngiltere'de bulunan ve yine en az 1 yıl süreyle aynı işyerinde ve yasal olarak çalışan kişiler, Ankara Antlaşması Çalışan Vizesi’ne başvurabilirler.",
"\n\n4.İngiltere’de Öğrenim Sonrası Çalışma İzni Vizesi\n\nTier-1 Post Study Work olarak adlandırılan İngiltere’de Öğrenim Sonrası Çalışma İzni Vizesi, yüksek öğrenimini İngiltere’de yapmış kişilerin İngiltere’de kalmasının önünü açmak ve bu kişileri istihdam ederek ülkedeki kalifiye ve yetişmiş çalışan ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla öngörülmüş bir kategoridir. ",
"Artık bu İngiltere vizesi türüne başvuru yapılamamaktadır. ",
"Onun yerine Tier-2 veya Tier-1 Graduate Entrepreneur vizelerine başvuru yapılabilmektedir.",
"\n\n5.İngiltere Müteşebbis (Girişimci-İşadamı) Vizesi\n\nİngiltere Müteşebbis (Girişimci-İşadamı) Vizesi, İngiltere’de iş kurmak veya devralmak vasıtasıyla çalışmak, İngiltere’ye yerleşmek hatta nihayetinde İngiltere vatandaşlığı almak isteyen kişilerin başvuru yapabileceği bir İngiltere vizesi türüdür.",
"\n\n6.İngiltere Yatırımcı Vizesi\n\nİngiltere’ye yerleşmek ve İngiltere’ye yatırım yapmak isteyen başvuru sahiplerinin başvuru yapabileceği İngiltere vizesi, İngiltere Yatırımcı Vizesidir. ",
"Ancak başvuruları durdurulmuş olup bu vize türüne baştan başvuru yapılamamaktadır. ",
"Bu vizeye halihazırda sahip olan bireyler uzatma başvurusu yapabilir, aile bireyleri bağımlı başvurusu yapabilir aynı zamanda 5 yılın sonunda sürekli oturuma başvurabilir. ",
"Detaylar için firmamızla irtibata geçebilirsiniz.",
"\n\n7.İngiltere Şirket İçi Transfer Vizesi\n\nTürkiye’de hâlihazırda çalışılan şirketin İngiltere’de bulunan ofisinde veya işyerinde çalışmak isteyen kişilerin başvurması gereken vize türü İngiltere Şirket İçi Transfer Vizesi’dir.",
"\n\n8.İngiltere Sporcu Vizesi\n\nİngiltere’de sporcu olarak, profesyonel anlamda çalışmak isteyen kişiler, Puan Bazlı Sistemde 50 Puan toparlayabilirlerse İngiltere Sporcu Vizesi’ne başvuru yapabilirler.",
"\n\n9.İngiltere Din Görevlisi Vizesi\n\nİngiltere’de din görevlisi olarak bulunmak isteyen kişiler, Certificate of Sponsorship (Sponsorluk Sertifikası) sahibi olarak 50 Puanı tamamladıkları takdirde İngiltere Din Görevlisi Vizesi başvurusunda bulunabilirler.",
"\n\n10.Tier 1 - İngiltere Nitelikli Göçmenlik Vizesi (KALDIRILDI!)",
"\n\n23 Aralık 2010 tarihi itibari ile İngiltere çalışma vizesi kategorisi altında bulunan Tier 1 - İngiltere Nitelikli Göçmenlik Vizesi başvuruları durdurulmuştur.",
"\n\n11.İngiltere Geçici Çalışan Vizesi (Tier 5)\n\nTier – 5 Geçici Çalışan Vizesi, İngiltere’ye kısa bir süre için belirli alanlarda çalışmak amacıyla gitmek isteyen kişilerin başvuru yapabildiği bir İngiltere vizesi türüdür.",
"\n\n12.Sponsorluk Lisansı (Tier 2 ve Tier 5)\n\nSponsorluk Lisansı (Tier-2 ve Tier-5), işverenlerin İngiltere dışındaki ülke vatandaşlarını İngiltere’ye çalışmak üzere getirmek için çıkarılması gereken, İngiltereVize ve Göçmenlik Dairesi (UK Visas and Immigration)’ne kayıt olmak suretiyle alabilecekleri bir belgedir.",
"\n\nİngiltere'de çalışma izni ile çalışan bireyler eğitim alma hakkına da sahip olabilecektir. ",
"İngiltere'de hangi eğitimleri alabileceğiniz, bu eğitimlerin ücretleri ve süreleri hususunda bilgi ve danışmanlık için TIKLAYIN!",
"\n\nİngiltere çalışma vizesi türlerine yapılacak olanbaşvurular oldukça dikkatli hazırlanması gereken başvurulardır. ",
"Bu nedenle yapılacak başvuruların bir uzman danışmanlığında yapılması hem başvurunun olumlu sonuçlanması hem de herhangi bir sebeple karşılaşılabilecek vizenin reddi durumunda sonucun olumluyla değiştirilebilmesi açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. ",
"Firmamızla irtibata geçmeniz halinde İngiltere ve Türkiye’de bulunan ofislerimizdeki uzman danışmanlarımız gerek Türkiye’den yapacağınız başvurunuzda gerekse de İngiltere’den yapacağınız başvurularınızda size yardımcı olacaktır. ",
"Bu İngiltere vizesi türü ile ilgili daha ayrıntılı bilgi almak ve dosyanızı İngiltere Göçmenlik Hukuku konusunda uzman danışmanlarımızla birlikte hazırlamak için İngiltere Vizesi Danışmanlık Hattı vasıtasıyla firmamızla iletişime geçebilirsiniz."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to furniture, and more particularly to sofa apparatus.",
"\n2. ",
"Background of the Prior Art\nSofas, couches, or chaise lounges, as they are sometimes called, conventionally include a seating area which is generally surrounded on three sides by a backrest and a pair of opposite arm rests. ",
"The seating area is typically provided with seat cushions.",
"\nOttomans are conventionally used as foot stools and can be positioned near the sofa or another piece of furniture. ",
"L-shaped sofas are also known."
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"Raymond-Benoît\n\nRaymond-Benoît was a French rower. ",
"He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 1900 Summer Olympics.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Year of birth missing\nCategory:Year of death missing\nCategory:French male rowers\nCategory:Olympic rowers of France\nCategory:Rowers at the 1900 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Place of birth missing"
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"★ SUBSCRIBE for FREE CLICK HERE – goo.gl/MJe2Tj ★\n\nMon, Wed & Fri – Funny Weird News, Movie & Personal Vlogs (Topical Rants, Survival Guides, Life Hacks & Sexy Cosplay Galleries)\n\nLIKE THE SHOW? ",
"BE NICE, DONATE!! – ",
"bit.ly/18yNmAu\n\n★ SOCIAL MEDIA ★\n\nFacebook – goo.gl/IHn5A9\n\nTwitch Stream – www.twitch.tv/MrHairyBrit\n\nTsu & Invite – www.tsu.co/MrHairyBrit\n\nTwitter – goo.gl/CuZp9s\n\nInstagram – goo.gl/Bbj3Vt\n\nTumblr – goo.gl/7yhWg4\n\nWebsite – www.MrHairyBrit.com\n\n★ PLAYLISTS ★\n\nLatest Video – goo.gl/7yIEVj\n\nAll Videos From Day 1 – goo.gl/FYXsaK\n\nFunny News – goo.gl/D0Y1nz\n\nFriday Vlogs – goo.gl/wp0sFS\n\nQ&A and Tag Vlogs – goo.gl/EoUQyZ\n\nSexy Lady & Cosplay – goo.gl/VIlyro\n\n► THANKS FOR WATCHING PLEASE REMEMBER TO LIKE, COMMENT, SHARE AND SUBSCRIBE – goo.gl/MJe2Tj◄"
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"Q:\n\nError estimation for $f(x)=\\sin \\sqrt{x}$\n\nLet $f(x)=\\sin \\sqrt{x}$, then $f'(x)=\\frac1{2\\sqrt{x}}\\cos \\sqrt{x}$ and $f''(x)=-\\frac1{4x\\sqrt{x}}\\cos \\sqrt{x}-\\frac1{4x}\\sin \\sqrt x$.\nThus the Taylor polynomial of degree 2 at $x=\\frac{\\pi^2}9$ is $P(x)=\\frac{\\sqrt 3}2+\\frac3{4\\pi}(x-\\frac{\\pi^2}9)-\\frac{27+9\\sqrt 3\\pi}{16\\pi^3}(x-\\frac{\\pi^2}9)^2$.\nI want approximate $\\left | f(x)-P(x) \\right |$ where $x\\in \\left [ 1,\\frac{10}9 \\right ]$ with error less than $\\frac1{5000}$.\nI know that the remainder is less than $\\max \\left \\{ \\left | \\frac{f'''(t)}{3!} : ",
"t\\in \\left [ 1,x \\right ] \\right | \\right \\}\\cdot \\left | \\left ( x-\\frac{\\pi^2}{9} \\right )^3 \\right |$, but I can't estimate this value. ",
"Please help me. ( ",
"Use $\\pi^2=9.8696$ )\n\nA:\n\nNote that for $t\\in [1,10/9]$ we have\n$$\\begin{align}\n|f'''(t)| &=\\left|\\frac{3}{8}t^{-5/2}\\cos\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{8}t^{-2}\\sin\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{4}t^{-2}\\sin\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{8}t^{-3/2}\\cos\\sqrt{t}\\right|\\\\\n&= \\frac{3}{8}t^{-5/2}\\cos\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{8}t^{-2}\\sin\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{4}t^{-2}\\sin\\sqrt{t}+\\frac{1}{8}t^{-3/2}\\cos\\sqrt{t}\\\\\n&\\le \\frac{3}{8}\\cos1+\\frac{1}{8}\\sin\\sqrt{\\frac{10}{9}}+\\frac{1}{4}\\sin\\sqrt{\\frac{10}{9}}+\\frac{1}{8}\\cos1\\approx .596<\\frac{6}{10}\\\\\n\\end{align}$$\nsince on this interval $\\cos\\sqrt{t}$ and negative powers of $t$ are positive and decreasing while $\\sin\\sqrt{t}$ is positive and increasing, and that\n$$\\left|\\left(x-\\frac{\\pi^2}{9}\\right)^3\\right|=\\left|x-\\frac{\\pi^2}{9}\\right|^3\\le \\left(\\frac{\\pi^2}{9}-1\\right)^3\\approx .0009<\\frac{1}{1000}$$\nthus the error is less than $\\frac{1}{10000}$.\nRemark: You can get a rougher estimate (which is still better than $\\frac{1}{5000}$) using the fact that $\\sin\\sqrt{t},\\cos\\sqrt{t}\\le 1$ rather than estimating them more explicitly.",
"\n\n"
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"Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: saccular aneurysms and posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms.",
"\nThe endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is gaining a definite place in neurosurgery. ",
"This is particularly true for treatment using the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC). \"",
"Endovascular treatment or direct surgery?\" ",
"is a common discussion nowadays. ",
"The following papers raise some important issues with respect to this argument. ",
"This review also includes several papers that deal with posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms. ",
"One of the papers clearly suggests that endovascular treatment could also play an important role in treating pseudoaneurysms."
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"Quantum probability\n\nQuantum probability was developed in the 1980s as a noncommutative analog of the Kolmogorovian theory of stochastic processes. ",
"One of its aims is to clarify the mathematical foundations of quantum theory and its statistical interpretation.",
"\n\nA significant recent application to physics is the dynamical solution of the quantum measurement problem, by giving constructive models of quantum observation processes which resolve many famous paradoxes of quantum mechanics.",
"\n\nSome recent advances are based on quantum filtering and feedback control theory as applications of quantum stochastic calculus.",
"\n\nOrthodox quantum mechanics \nOrthodox quantum mechanics has two seemingly contradictory mathematical descriptions:\n\n deterministic unitary time evolution (governed by the Schrödinger equation) and\n stochastic (random) wavefunction collapse.",
"\n\nMost physicists are not concerned with this apparent problem. ",
"Physical intuition usually provides the answer, and only in unphysical systems (e.g., Schrödinger's cat, an isolated atom) do paradoxes seem to occur.",
"\n\nOrthodox quantum mechanics can be reformulated in a quantum-probabilistic framework, where quantum filtering theory (see Bouten et al. ",
"for introduction or Belavkin, 1970s) gives the natural description of the measurement process. ",
"This new framework encapsulates the standard postulates of quantum mechanics, and thus all of the science involved in the orthodox postulates.",
"\n\nMotivation \nIn classical probability theory, information is summarized by the sigma-algebra F of events in a classical probability space (Ω, F,P). ",
"For example, F could be the σ-algebra σ(X) generated by a random variable X, which contains all the information on the values taken by X. We wish to describe quantum information in similar algebraic terms, in such a way as to capture the non-commutative features and the information made available in an experiment. ",
"The appropriate algebraic structure for observables, or more generally operators, is a *-algebra. ",
"A (unital) *- algebra is a complex vector space A of operators on a Hilbert space H that\n\n contains the identity I and\n is closed under composition (a multiplication) and adjoint (an involution *): a ∈ A implies a* ∈ A.\n\nA state P on A is a linear functional P : A → C (where C is the field of complex numbers) such that 0 ≤ P(a* a) for all a ∈ A (positivity) and P(I) = 1 (normalization). ",
"A projection is an element p ∈ A such that p2 = p = p*.",
"\n\nMathematical definition \nThe basic definition in quantum probability is that of a quantum probability space, sometimes also referred to as an algebraic or noncommutative probability space.",
"\n \nDefinition : Quantum probability space.",
"\n\nA quantum probability space is a pair (A, P), where A is a *-algebra and P is a state.",
"\n\nThis definition is a generalization of the definition of a probability space in Kolmogorovian probability theory, in the sense that every (classical) probability space gives rise to a quantum probability space if A is chosen as the *-algebra of almost everywhere bounded complex-valued measurable functions.",
"\n\nThe idempotents p ∈ A are the events in A, and P(p) gives the probability of the event p.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Association for Quantum Probability and Infinite Dimensional Analysis (AQPIDA)\n\nCategory:Quantum mechanics\nCategory:Exotic probabilities"
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"EGFR-targeted therapy and related skin toxicity.",
"\nTo discuss the mechanism by which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agents work, the resulting cutaneous toxicities, the pathophysiology of the unique rash associated with these agents, and the management of these skin problems. ",
"Published scientific papers, review articles, book chapters, and clinical experiences. ",
"These new targeted agents result in unique cutaneous toxicities. ",
"Researchers and clinicians have made numerous suggestions for managing the various side effects, although there is currently no research to guide evidence-based practice. ",
"With any new treatment option, it is imperative that nurses understand how agents work to enrich their own knowledge base, as well as have a strong foundation for patient education. ",
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"100 F.3d 1173\nEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT CROSS-APPELLEE,v.TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, DEFENDANT-APPELLEE CROSS-APPELLANT.",
"\nNo. ",
"95-10586.",
"\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit\nDecember 10, 1996.",
"\n\nDori Kay Bernstein, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington, DC, for plaintiff-appellant-cross-appellee.",
"\nAllan G King, Belinda J Johnson, Littler, Mendelson, Fastiff, Tichy & Mathiason, Dallas, TX, Theresa Ann Couch, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, TX, for defendant-appellee-corss-appellant.",
"\nAppeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.",
"\nBefore King, Jones and Smith, Circuit Judges.",
"\nEDITH H. JONES, Circuit Judge:\n\n\n1\nThe Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (\"EEOC\") appeals the district court's summary judgment to Texas Instruments, Inc. (\"TI\") on the merits of the EEOC's claims that six manufacturing supervisors were discharged as part of a company reduction in force because of their age. ",
"EEOC asserts that a combination of favorable employee performance reviews and a special company RIF policy, three age-related comments and workforce statistics created an inference that TI's legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons for the employment decisions were pretextual for age discrimination. ",
"Texas Instruments, Inc. cross-appeals the district court's orders preventing it from raising a limitations defense. ",
"This court AFFIRMS.",
"\n\nBACKGROUND\n\n2\nSweeping cutbacks in national defense spending and dramatically reduced procurements by the United States Department of Defense forced TI to reorganize its Defense Systems and Electronics Group (\"DSEG\") to lay off approximately 850 out of 1700 DSEG manufacturing employees between 1988 and 1994. ",
"EEOC studied many of the layoffs but attempted to make a case for illegal discrimination only in regard to six manufacturing supervisors in the DSEG (the \"Six Supervisors\"), victims of TI's reduction in force, who were protected by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (\"ADEA\"), 29 U.S.C. 623(a). ",
"As a \"manufacturing supervisor,\" each of the men represented by the EEOC is a first-level supervisor who directly oversees hourly workers and reports, in turn, to various levels of management. ",
"In December 1993, EEOC filed suit on behalf of Hugh Calhoun (age 54), Walter Morrow (age 59), Allen Powell (age 56), Gaylon Rains (age 51), Jerry Owens (age 50), and Vernon Hillis (age 51).",
"\n\n\n3\nVoluminous deposition testimony and other evidence were submitted by the parties. ",
"The evidence shows that TI's RIF at DSEG was planned and implemented by Stephen Douthit (\"Douthit\"), the head of DSEG's manufacturing division. ",
"Douthit testified that he began the RIF by assessing both the current levels of staffing in relation to anticipated product demand and the relative ability of DSEG employees to satisfy and adapt to a rapidly changing technological environment. ",
"These assessments led Douthit to conclude that while TI should lay off its hourly employees in order of seniority, manufacturing supervisors should be assessed independently of their seniority. ",
"Douthit acknowledged that the decision not to consider seniority in the RIF of manufacturing supervisors was a significant departure from TI's traditional policy favoring senior employees.",
"\n\n\n4\nBecause abandoning the protections of seniority was such a departure, Douthit presented this suggestion to Jerry Junkins, president and CEO of TI, and Hank Hayes, the president of DSEG. ",
"Douthit argued that TI's policy favoring senior employees would impose significant costs on the company, as supervisory staff was concentrated in high pay grades. ",
"Furthermore, unwavering commitment to seniority promised a reorganized workforce that would not have the contemporary skills necessary to assimilate new technologies.1 If seniority preferences were maintained, the RIF would terminate a disproportionate number of employees with college degrees, as many senior employees had acquired their skills primarily through experience. ",
"TI management concurred with Douthit and decided to assess manufacturing supervisors independently of their seniority. ",
"The goal of this decision, according to management, was to provide TI with the technical expertise and flexibility to serve its current and future customers in an era of dynamic technological progress.",
"\n\n\n5\nNot only did TI eschew reliance on seniority in its RIF of the manufacturing supervisors, it also did not consider either performance evaluations or the company's Key Personal Assessments (\"KPAs\"). ",
"The performance evaluations did not aid in deciding which employees to terminate and which to retain because the evaluations were not designed to make fine distinctions among employees or to rate them comparatively; with rare exceptions, the evaluations clustered ratings tightly around the group median. ",
"Likewise, TI rejected the KPAs, top-to-bottom rankings of salaried employees in a TI department, because these assessments normally correlated an employee's rating with his pay schedule; in different terms, highly paid employees invariably received highly rated KPAs.2 The KPA rankings thus did not provide TI with useful information concerning which cross-section of employees it should retain.",
"\n\n\n6\nConsidering neither a supervisor's seniority nor his performance evaluation or KPA, TI began the difficult process of conducting a RIF among its 45 supervisors. ",
"Nine were ultimately terminated and two were demoted; EEOC did not file suit on behalf of three of the employees who were over 40. ",
"Regarding the Six Supervisors represented by the EEOC, TI contends that their terminations were not motivated by their ages but, instead, can be explained by legitimate, individualized reasons. ",
"A brief summary of these reasons follows:\n\n\n7\nPowell and Morrow: TI asserts that Powell and Morrow, both manufacturing supervisors at the Precision Automation Center, were discharged because their skills were inferior when compared to Billy Wooley (\"Wooley\"), a third manufacturing supervisor who was retained during the RIF. ",
"Lewis Horn, head of the Precision Automation Center, decided to consolidate the responsibilities of the three supervisors in a single position. ",
"Horn testified that he concluded that Powell had only a basic knowledge of computer-based numeric control programming and was reluctant to learn new manufacturing technology. ",
"Horn also opined that Morrow lacked the requisite motivation and initiative to perform as the sole supervisor; Horn felt that although Morrow was the supervisor in the highest pay level, his performance was incommensurate with this level. ",
"Horn \"would expect more out of a job grade 30 than the responsibility he had.... [and would expect him to go] outside and actively solicit[ ] other responsibilities besides just what he had with production control.",
"\"Wooley, by contrast, possessed the technical as well as management skills to function effectively as the consolidated supervisor; Horn observed that Wooley kept excellent contact with clients, formulated customer proposals efficiently, and had extensive knowledge of TI's computer-based production planning systems. ",
"Because Horn considered Wooley the best candidate for the consolidated position, he was retained as the sole supervisor:\n\n\n8\nBilly Wooley was an outstanding employee who was quite knowledgeable regarding TI's computer-based production planning systems. ",
"Powell and Morrow were not as proficient in these areas. ",
"Additionally, Wooley was good at keeping close contact with customers, and talented at formulating customer proposals. ",
"Thus, I determined that the work in the ... shop could be best consolidated by retaining Adrian and Wooley and laying off Powell and Morrow.",
"\n\n\n9\nCalhoun: TI terminated Calhoun when it closed its Trinity Mills facility, where Calhoun had been employed.3 Much of the machinery and the machining work at Trinity Mills was transferred to TI's Lemmon Avenue facility when Trinity Mills was closed in October, 1990. ",
"At Trinity Mills, Calhoun had been in charge of the tool shop and was responsible for the fabrication of certain tools for use by other TI employees. ",
"But the Lemmon Avenue facility had a much larger tool shop operation that was already adequately staffed. ",
"Because there were no vacant positions in which Calhoun could serve TI and because no \"bumping\" of other supervisors was permitted under TI's RIF policy, he was fired.",
"\n\n\n10\nRains: TI acknowledges that Rains, the only manufacturing supervisor laid off from Lemmon Avenue, was terminated because of his poor performance. ",
"TI demanded that a supervisor such as Rains be proficient in three areas: computer programming, because the product is computer designed; the machining process; and knowledge of the machine tools that perform the work. ",
"Robert Anderson, to whom Rains reported, testified that Rains was lacking in all three areas and was seriously hampered in his ability to perform as a supervisor. ",
"Anderson reinforced these criticisms in an affidavit that\n\n\n11\n[Rains] had an inadequate knowledge of machinery, and he had little knowledge of the machine tools he was supervising technicians to repair. ",
"These deficiencies are significant, because if a part is not manufactured to specification, as happens occasionally but predictably, a supervisor such as Rains must determine whether the fault lies with the computer program, the machine, or the machine part. ",
"Rains' skills and experience were such that I could not trust his judgment in these regards to the same degree as other manufacturing supervisors.",
"\n\n\n12\nBecause of his poor performance, Rains failed to receive a salary increase in 1990. ",
"Rains protested his salary stagnation to Douthit who, after personally investigating the issue, concluded that Rains did perform below par.4 Douthit testified that his\n\n\n13\nConclusion was and what I told Gaylon that he did, in fact, have a performance problem, and you know, there was sufficient evidence that he had actually been sleeping on the job.... So our agreement was that he was going to go forth and fix, you know, work on the problems that had been laid out to him and, you know, see if he could correct, you know, some of the deficiencies that had been pointed out to him.",
"\n\n\n14\nOwens: Owens was employed as a supervisor at the Lewisville model shop at the time of his layoff. ",
"TI contends that he was terminated because of his lack of technical knowledge in machining and his inadequate communication skills. ",
"Mark Cooper, Owens's former supervisor, testified:\n\n\n15\nOwens' primary deficiency was that he had minimal technical and machining knowledge. ",
"Further, Owens was lacking basic \"people skills' and was found to be abrasive in his dealings with other personnel.... Because of Owens' deficiencies, he was not as critical as other manufacturing supervisors in a time of business decline and was, therefore, laid off.",
"\n\n\n16\nHillis: TI stated that it terminated Hillis because he lacked high tech skills and interacted poorly with other employees. ",
"Hillis lost his job when TI closed the model shop in TI's North Building and consolidated at the Lewisville and McKinney sites. ",
"Peter Loughlin, a manager in DSEG, testified that he considered Hillis to be\n\n\n17\nthe weakest [supervisor] in the North Building model shop. ",
"He was employed in a rapidly changing \"high tech' environment. ",
"Hillis showed little motivation to learn the software packages that were available on the computer.... I considered him someone who shunned, rather than sought out, such challenges. ",
"Hillis' chief shortcoming was the manner in which he interacted with the other shift supervisors.... Hillis typically did not arrive in advance of his shift to learn from the second shift supervisor how operations were proceeding, or if any problems were \"hot' and required special attention.",
"\n\n\n18\nHillis admits that he is not technologically sophisticated and that he regarded himself primarily as a machinist; he testified at his deposition that \"I'm not all that educated. ",
"I've been around machining, and that doesn't interface with computers and so forth.\" ",
"Hillis also described his computer capabilities as \"zero.\" ",
"Although TI concedes that Hillis was a satisfactory employee, it concluded that he was expendable in the RIF.5\n\n\n19\nIn response, the EEOC argues that the particularized rationales suggested by TI are merely pretexts for age discrimination. ",
"EEOC refers to \"statistical, anecdotal, and other circumstantial evidence to permit a reasonable factfinder to conclude that age was a factor in the discharge decisions....\"\n\n\n20\nThe statistical evidence on which the EEOC relies was compiled by Dr. John G. Claudy (\"Claudy\"). ",
"Claudy analyzed data provided by TI to determine whether there was a statistically significant relationship between age and the likelihood that a supervisor would be terminated. ",
"In part, Claudy calculated that while TI had discharged 38.9% of the manufacturing supervisors age 50 and older, the company had terminated only 7.4% of the supervisors under age 50. ",
"After conducting three alternative statistical tests Claudy concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between age and discharge to the disadvantage of supervisors over fifty. ",
"Claudy admitted that his analysis did not consider the specific talents or duties of the manufacturing supervisors.",
"\n\n\n21\nIn addition to the statistical suggestion of age discrimination, the EEOC urges that TI's departure from its traditional seniority protections as well as its decision to ignore performance evaluations and the KPAs facilitated age discrimination. ",
"TI's RIF policy directed that the first employees to be discharged would be those on disciplinary probation, followed by those who had unsatisfactory evaluations, then volunteers, and finally, those with lower job criticality rankings. ",
"None of the Six Supervisors had been on disciplinary probation; none had received an unsatisfactory rating on his previous performance evaluation; and TI did not develop a \"criticality ranking\" of the supervisors before implementing the RIF, though its RIF policy required such a ranking. ",
"The EEOC asserts that TI's departure from its established RIF procedures and its decision to ignore previous formal evaluations of the supervisors constitute evidence that the company intentionally discriminated against the Six Supervisors because of their ages.",
"\n\n\n22\nThe EEOC further contends that three age-based comments by TI managers articulate the company's discriminatory intent. ",
"Fred Blair, a TI personnel director but not a decisionmaker, explained to Rains when Rains was informed of his termination that \"it's just that you've reached that age and years of service that we can bridge you to retirement.\" ",
"The remaining two comments were allegedly directed to Casimir Tencza (\" Tencza\"), another supervisor discharged in the RIF. ",
"Tencza was allegedly told that he was laid off in part because TI \"had to make room for some of the younger supervisors\" and that \"his age got him.\" ",
"Importantly, however, Tencza is not represented by the EEOC and has settled his claim against the company. ",
"From these statements, the EEOC seeks to imply discrimination by TI directed against its older employees.",
"\n\n\n23\nFinally, the EEOC questions the particularized explanations suggested by TI for firing the Six Supervisors. ",
"A brief summary of the EEOC's criticisms contrasts the agency's position with that of TI:\n\n\n24\nPowell and Morrow: The EEOC stresses that both Morrow and Powell had outstanding performance evaluations. ",
"Further, Morrow enjoyed extensive technical skills, while Powell was evaluated as consistently generating a profit for TI while maintaining customer satisfaction.",
"\n\n\n25\nCalhoun: Calhoun received superior ratings in his performance evaluations in the areas of \"job knowledge\" and safety. ",
"Also, Calhoun was doubtlessly technically competent and, while at Trinity Mills, had supervised some of the machinery that was later transferred to Lemmon Avenue when the Trinity Mills facility closed.",
"\n\n\n26\nRains: Although the EEOC concedes that Rains was the sole discharged supervisor who received a poor performance evaluation, it contends that during his exit interview, Rains was assured by Dial, one of his supervisors, that he had been a \"good performer.\" ",
"Further, as noted earlier, Rains was allegedly told by Blair that he had \"reached that age and years of service that we can bridge you to retirement.\"",
"\n\n\n27\nOwens: Owens received a favorable performance evaluation that praised his communication skills and described him as a cooperative and respected employee. ",
"In these evaluations, Owens never fell below the \"benchmark level of performance\" necessary to satisfy his job requirements.",
"\n\n\n28\nHillis: Contrary to TI's suggestion that Hillis lacked technical expertise, the EEOC emphasizes that his evaluations indicated that he had a thorough knowledge of his technical duties. ",
"For instance, in his most recent performance review, Hillis received superior ratings in evaluations of his job quality, knowledge, and safety.",
"\n\n\n29\nAfter their terminations, four of the Six Supervisors--Morrow, Powell, Rains and Calhoun--filed their charges of discrimination with the EEOC on June 21, 1991; neither Owens nor Hillis filed charges with the agency. ",
"As previously noted, the EEOC filed suit on behalf of the Six Supervisors on December 3, 1993.",
"\n\n\n30\nTI answered the lawsuit and later moved for leave to file its first amended answer, seeking to add as an affirmative defense that the EEOC's claims were untimely under the relevant statute of limitations. ",
"TI soon moved for summary judgment on that ground. ",
"In January, 1995, TI filed an additional motion for summary judgment on the merits of the EEOC's claims. ",
"The district court granted summary judgment on the merits but denied TI's motions for leave to amend and for summary judgment on limitations. ",
"Each side has appealed the rulings unfavorable to it.",
"\n\nDiscussion\nA. Standard of Review\n\n31\nThis court reviews de novo the district court's grant of summary judgment, employing the same criteria used in that court. ",
"Burfield v. Brown, Moore & Flint, Inc., 51 F.3d 583, 588 (5th Cir.1995). ",
"Summary judgment is proper only \"if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.\" ",
"Fed.",
"R.Civ.",
"P. 56(c). ",
"Factual questions and inferences are viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. ",
"Lemelle v. Universal Mfg. ",
"Corp., 18 F.3d 1268, 1272 (5th Cir.1994).",
"\n\n\n32\nAlthough Rule 56(c) requires the moving party to demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, a dispute about a material fact is genuine only if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmovant. ",
"See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S. Ct. ",
"2548, 2552, 91 L. Ed. ",
"2d 265 (1986); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S. Ct. ",
"2505, 2510, 91 L. Ed. ",
"2d 202 (1986). ",
"If the moving party demonstrates the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, then the nonmovant is burdened with establishing the existence of a genuine issue for trial. ",
"Matsushita Elec. ",
"Indus. ",
"Co. v. Zenith Radio, 475 U.S. 574, 585-87, 106 S. Ct. ",
"1348, 1355-56, 89 L. Ed. ",
"2d 538 (1986). ",
"This burden requires the nonmovant to do more than merely raise some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts. ",
"Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586, 106 S. Ct. ",
"at 1355.",
"\n\nB. Demonstrating Pretext\n\n33\nTI acknowledges and the district court assumed that the EEOC established a prima facie case of discrimination against the Six Supervisors simply by showing that they were over 40, and were discharged, while younger supervisors remained on the payroll. ",
"Meinecke v. H & R Block Income Tax School, Inc., 66 F.3d 77, 83 (5th Cir.1995). ",
"TI utilized its opportunity through affidavits and depositions to explain the legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons for each adverse employment action. ",
"The burden then fell on EEOC to raise a genuine, material fact issue that those reasons were not the real reasons and were pretexts for age discrimination. ",
"Id. As the district court concluded that EEOC's evidence did not discharge its burden, summary judgment was granted. ",
"The court held:\n\n\n34\n[t]he EEOC has failed to demonstrate a genuine issue for trial about the legitimacy of the nondiscriminatory reasons given by TI for the discharge of the Six Supervisors. ",
"The three theories set forth by the EEOC which, it argues, show a pretext for age discrimination are either not supported by the evidence or are not sound legally. ",
"The court concludes that no genuine issue of material fact exists on the question of whether TI intended to discriminate against the supervisors.6\n\n\n35\nSitting en banc, this court recently discussed the burden confronting an ADEA plaintiff who seeks to demonstrate that an employer's proffered rationales for adverse employment acts were merely pretextual and that discrimination based on age was an actual reason for these adverse acts. ",
"In Rhodes v. Guiberson Oil Tools, 75 F.3d 989 (5th Cir.1996) (en banc), this court explained that the plaintiff in an ADEA disparate treatment case must offer evidence to rebut each of the employer's articulated legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons. ",
"The court reasoned that\n\n\n36\n[i]n tandem with a prima facie case, the evidence allowing rejection of the employer's proffered reasons will often, perhaps usually, permit a finding of discrimination without additional evidence. ",
"Thus, a jury issue will be presented and a plaintiff can avoid summary judgment and judgment as a matter of law if the evidence taken as a whole (1) creates a fact issue as to whether each of the employer's stated reasons was what actually motivated the employer and (2) creates a reasonable inference that age was a determinative factor in the actions of which the plaintiff complains. ",
"The employer, of course, will be entitled to summary judgment if the evidence taken as a whole would not allow a jury to infer that the actual reason for the discharge was discriminatory.",
"\n\n\n37\nRhodes, 75 F.3d at 994 (emphasis added). ",
"Whatever evidence a plaintiff tenders must rebut each of the employer's proffered rationales:\n\n\n38\n[I]n some cases, for instance, the fact that one of the nondiscriminatory reasons in the record has proved to be highly questionable may not be sufficient to cast doubt on the remaining reasons. ",
"Likewise, an employer's explanation for its proffer of a pretextual reason may preclude a finding of discrimination.",
"\n\n\n39\nId. at 994 (citing Woods v. Friction Materials, 30 F.3d 255, 261 n. 3 (1st Cir.1994)) (concluding that a jury could not infer age discrimination if the proffered reason was in fact a pretext, though not for discrimination).",
"\n\n\n40\nThere is another wrinkle on the standards for evaluating discrimination. ",
"In the context of a reduction in force, which is itself a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for discharge, the fact that an employee is qualified for his job is less relevant--some employees may have to be let go despite competent performance. ",
"Walther v. Lone Star Gas Co., 952 F.2d at 124. ",
"If, however, the older employee shows that he was terminated in favor of younger, clearly less qualified individuals, a genuine, material fact issue exists. ",
"Walther, 952 F.2d at 123.",
"\n\nC. The EEOC's Evidence of Pretext\n\n41\n(1) TI's Age-Based Comments\n\n\n42\nEEOC first relies on three age-related comments allegedly made by TI employees as proof of TI's discriminatory motivation.7 Plaintiff Rains testified that Blair, a TI personnel director, explained the decision to terminate Rains by suggesting that \"it's just that you've reached that age and years of service that we can bridge you to retirement.\" ",
"The two remaining statements were allegedly made by Horn to Tencza, a supervisor discharged in the RIF who is not represented by the EEOC. ",
"Horn allegedly said of Tencza, \"his age hot him,\" and that TI had to make room for younger supervisors.",
"\n\n\n43\nThis court has repeatedly held that \"stray remarks\" do not demonstrate age discrimination. ",
"See, e.g., Waggoner v. City of Garland, 987 F.2d 1160, 1166 (5th Cir.1993) (a statement by a decisionmaker that an employee was an \"old _______\" and that a younger person could complete his work faster was a stray remark insufficient to establish age discrimination); Guthrie v. Tifco Industries, 941 F.2d 374, 378-79 (5th Cir.1991) (holding that such \"statements are too vague to be accepted as direct evidence of age-bias.\"); ",
"Turner v. North American Rubber, Inc., 979 F.2d 55, 59 (5th Cir.1992) (vague and remote remarks cannot establish age discrimination). ",
"In order for an age-based comment to be probative of an employer's discriminatory intent, it must be direct and unambiguous, allowing a reasonable jury to conclude without any inferences or presumptions that age was an impermissible factor in the decision to terminate the employee. ",
"Bodenheimer v. PPG Industries Inc., 5 F.3d 955, 958 (5th Cir.1993).",
"\n\n\n44\nThe statement allegedly made by Blair to Rains is a stray remark that does not demonstrate age bias. ",
"Blair's statement simply recognized a fact concerning Rains's seniority, an observation which did not imply seniority was the reason for discharge. ",
"This interpretation of the statement is consistent with the context in which it was allegedly made, as Rains's duty was to explain termination benefit packages to employees. ",
"See, e.g., Guthrie, 941 F.2d at 378-79 (statement that founder of company suggested to his son that he needed \"to surround himself with people his age\" is not direct evidence of age discrimination); Turner, 979 F.2d at 59 (comment that an employee needed \"three young tigers\" to assist with operations is not probative of discrimination). ",
"TI also notes that Blair was not a decisionmaker at TI with respect to the RIF and that he had no input into the decision to terminate any of the Six Supervisors. ",
"Blair's stray remark is thus not probative of whether TI's decision to terminate Rains was motivated by age discrimination. ",
"See, e.g., Rhodes, 75 F.3d at 994; Cone v. Longmont & United Hosp., ",
"14 F.3d 526, 529 (10th Cir.1994) (age-related comment by non-decisionmakers are not material to showing employer's age discrimination.)",
"\n\n\n45\nFurther, the statements allegedly made concerning Tencza's termination are not probative in themselves or relevant to TI's decision to terminate the Six Supervisors. ",
"Horn, who allegedly make the remarks, recommended replacing Tencza, age 55, with Garner, age 51, an action which speaks louder about Horn's motivation than the words attributed to him. ",
"Moreover, the statement about TI's need to make room for younger supervisors reflects the kind of truism this court and others have held does not evidence discrimination. ",
"See, e.g., Birkbeck v. Marvel Lighting Co., 30 F.3d 507, 512 (4th Cir.1994), cert. ",
"denied U.S. , 115 S. Ct. ",
"666, 130 L. Ed. ",
"2d 600 (1994) (statement that \"there comes a time when we have to make room for younger people\" creates no inference of age discrimination). ",
"But even if Horn's alleged remarks were probative of discrimination against Tencza, they cannot carry the heavier burden of condemning the motivation of TI toward the Six Supervisors: Horn was a first-tier evaluator of layoffs whose recommendations had to be approved by Dial and Douthit, and Horn was partly responsible for recommendations on only two of the Six Supervisors. ",
"In short, the alleged statements about Tencza's termination are no more probative of disparate treatment of the Six Supervisors than whatever was said to the numerous supervisors over 40 years old whom TI did not discharge.8\n\n\n46\n(2) TI's Conscious Departure from its own Procedures\n\n\n47\nThe EEOC urges that TI's conscious decision to ignore its usual policies and procedures when conducting the RIF demonstrates that its expressed reasons for terminating the six supervisors are post hoc pretexts for age discrimination. ",
"The district court rejected this inference, concluding that the EEOC had not shown a discriminatory connection between TI's failure to follow its policies and its selection of supervisors subject to the RIF.",
"\n\n\n48\nThis court has observed that an employer's \"disregard of its own hiring system does not of itself conclusively establish that improper discrimination occurred or that a nondiscriminatory explanation for an action is pretextual.\" ",
"Risher v. Aldridge, 889 F.2d 592, 597 (5th Cir.1989); see also, Moore v. Eli Lilly & Co., 990 F.2d 812, 819 (5th Cir.), ",
"cert. ",
"denied, 510 U.S. 976, 114 S. Ct. ",
"467, 126 L. Ed. ",
"2d 419 (1993). ",
"This court elaborated in Moore that\n\n\n49\n[p]roof that an employer did not follow correct or standard procedures in the termination or demotion of an employee may well serve as the basis for a wrongful discharge action under state law. ",
"As we have stated, however, the ADEA was not created to redress wrongful discharge simply because the terminated worker was over the age of forty. ",
"A discharge may well be unfair or even unlawful and yet not be evidence of age bias under the ADEA. ",
"To make out an ADEA claim, the plaintiff must establish some nexus between the employment actions taken by the employer and the employee's age. [",
"A] bald assertion that one exists ... simply will not suffice.",
"\n\n\n50\nId. 990 F.2d at 819 (citing Bienkowski, 851 F.2d at 1508 n. 6).",
"\n\n\n51\nThe EEOC has not demonstrated such a nexus; rather, as in Moore, its argument rests on a bald assertion that one exists. ",
"What happened in this case, without dispute, is that TI created a new layoff policy regarding supervisors that disregarded seniority; the company did not simply fail to follow the usual seniority-protective policy. ",
"As previously summarized, TI carefully outlined why it disregarded the seniority protections typically afforded to its employees in a RIF and why it did not consider performance evaluations or KPAs when determining which supervisors to retain. ",
"The EEOC failed to undermine this decision. ",
"Specifically, Douthit testified at his deposition that under pre-existing TI policy he was \"not permitted to lay off individuals with more than 15 years of seniority without gaining the approval of the president of the company.\" ",
"Douthit lamented that the economic costs of the seniority policy were extreme since \"the mix of [TI's] job grades was becoming more and more concentrated towards the higher end, which was driving our average pay up, which was driving our cost up, which was making us less competitive in the marketplace.\" ",
"Additionally, TI's seniority rule would force TI to displace a disproportionate number of employees with college degrees since \"the majority of [TI's] degree people had less than 15 years of service while ... a high percentage of people [had] greater than 15 years of service [but no] degrees.\" ",
"Instead of this expensive, inflexible protection of seniority, Douthit favored a RIF policy which would make \"those decisions on a merit basis ... as opposed to, you know, a fixed set of rules that did not allow [TI] the flexibility to make decisions that were dictated by business conditions.\"",
"\n\n\n52\nDouthit advocated a merit-based retention policy to the CEO of TI and the president of the DSEG organization. ",
"Douthit documented the present concentration of supervisors in higher pay grades, the skills that TI most needed to retain in its RIF, and the senior employees who would be discharged if seniority protections were waived. ",
"The company agreed to modify its traditional RIF policy in part \"because technology had changed. [",
"A] lot of high seniority people had skill sets that were ... grounded in the 1960s and 1970s technology. ",
"Products of the future were going to require 1980s and 1990s technology. [",
"Some senior employees] had not or could not ... make the transition to those new technologies and required skills.\"",
"\n\n\n53\nBefore TI undertook the difficult task of selecting employees to terminate during its RIF, the company recognized that its traditional protection of seniority would hamper future performance. ",
"As a result, after identifying the skills most vital to the company's ability to adapt to a rapidly changing technological environment, TI waived its seniority protections and laid off supervisors who might have otherwise been retained because of their seniority. ",
"TI's decision to replace a seniority policy that would impede its ability to reduce its workforce while maximizing the efficiency and expertise of the remaining employees does not, without a clear nexus to discrimination, create an inference of age discrimination.",
"\n\n\n54\n(3) Criticisms of TI's Particularized Reasons\n\n\n55\nThis court has already summarized the criticisms advanced by the EEOC of TI's reasons for discharging each of the Six Supervisors. ",
"Rather than demonstrate the likely falsehood of those reasons, EEOC responds that each of the supervisors had competent performance evaluations and KPAs and was considered an effective employee by TI. ",
"Critically, the EEOC's criticisms rest on information found in TI's annual performance evaluations and its KPAs, measures which are misleading guides to the RIF decisions TI had to make.",
"\n\n\n56\nTI rejected use of the performance evaluations and KPAs after determining that neither report provided worthwhile information about the comparative worth of a particular employee. ",
"Stephen Leven (\"Leven\"), Vice President of Human Resources at TI, attested that\n\n\n57\n[t]he performance evaluations completed annually for TI's employees have tended to be quite uniform. ",
"It was intended by TI that the vast majority of employees would receive similar performance ratings, with only exceptionally good or poor performers deviating from this norm. ",
"The purpose of this common rating is to avoid making fine distinctions among employees who are performing adequately when no pending business decisions turn directly on such ratings.",
"\n\n\n58\nFor instance, of the 135 evaluations performed on a group of 45 manufacturing supervisors during the three years preceding the RIF, only two evaluations gave a summary rating below the group median.9 Another drawback of the performance evaluations is that they provide no useful information regarding the ability of an employee to adapt to changing technology. ",
"Leven explained that\n\n\n59\nthe written performance evaluations typically rate an individual with respect to the job he or she currently performs, but are silent with respect to the value to TI of the job they are performing, or the usefulness of their skills as applied to future operations and technology.",
"\n\n\n60\nGiven the tendency of these evaluations to cluster employee performance ratings and their lack of focus on the company's future technological needs, TI had a legitimate business basis not to rely on the evaluations in conducting its RIF.",
"\n\n\n61\nThe KPAs were also deficient for TI's RIF decisions. ",
"Leven explained that\n\n\n62\n[t]he KPA is performed annually and provides a \"top to bottom\" ranking of exempt employees in each organization, including manufacturing operations, according to their perceived value. ",
"The KPAs, however, are closely tied to salary determinations and reflect considerations in addition to performance.",
"\n\n\n63\nIndeed, the KPA rankings were often simply reiterations of the pay gradations at TI; the greater the pay, the higher the KPA. ",
"Also, because they are merely top-to-bottom rankings, the KPAs do not provide information about the proper mix of employees and specialties that should be retained in a RIF. ",
"As Douthit explained in his deposition, it is \"entirely conceivable that you could have somebody that would be high on the KPA, you know, good performer, but may reside in a skill category that was no longer or was not critical to the success of the business.\"",
"\n\n\n64\nIn sum, the EEOC's proof fails to undermine TI's legitimate, non-discriminatory, and individualized reasons for terminating the Six Supervisors for several reasons. ",
"First, the agency makes general assertions that the supervisors were competent employees, but it does not directly challenge TI's individualized explanations for not retaining the Six Supervisors. ",
"The agency showed only that the supervisors were qualified, not that they were clearly better qualified than the supervisors retained in the RIF. ",
"See Walther, supra;10 see also EEOC v. Manville Sales Corp., 27 F.3d 1089, 1096 n. 5 (5th Cir.1994), cert. ",
"denied, U.S. , 115 S. Ct. ",
"1252, 131 L. Ed. ",
"2d 133 (1995). ",
"Second, the EEOC's showing is premised on the performance evaluations and KPAs, data irrelevant to the RIF decisions. ",
"Thus, while some of TI's criticisms of individual supervisors' performances appear to be contradicted by the ratings and comments on their annual evaluations, the record demonstrates that the annual evaluations were not designed to compare or differentiate among employees, the critical task for management conducting a RIF. ",
"Third, the EEOC has not offered proof to indict TI's logic for abandoning either the KPAs of the performance evaluations.",
"\n\n\n65\n(4) Statistical Evidence\n\n\n66\nThe EEOC finally contends that its statistical tests indicating that age was a significant predictor of the likelihood of layoff permit a genuine inference of pretext. ",
"The district court summarily rejected this contention, reasoning that statistics will only rarely rebut an employer's particularized, legitimate, and nondiscriminatory reasons for the adverse employment decision.",
"\n\n\n67\nThe district court relied extensively on this court's opinion in Walther v. Lone Star Gas Co., 977 F.2d 161, 162 (5th Cir.1992). ",
"In Walther, this court explained that statistical evidence usually cannot rebut the employer's articulated nondiscriminatory reasons. ",
"The court observed thatgross statistical disparities resulting from a reduction in force or similar evidence may be probative of discriminatory intent, motive or purpose. ",
"Such statistics might in an unusual case provide adequate circumstantial evidence that an individual employee was discharged as part of a larger pattern of layoffs targeting older employees. ",
"This is not to say that such statistics are enough to rebut a valid, nondiscriminatory reason for discharging a particular employee. ",
"Generally, they are not.... Proof of pretext, hence of discriminatory intent, by statistics alone would be a challenging endeavor.",
"\n\n\n68\nWalther, 977 F.2d at 162 (emphasis added) (citations omitted). ",
"Other circuits have expressed similar skepticism about the ability of statistics to rebut the employer's nondiscriminatory reasons. ",
"See, e.g., LeBlanc v. Great American Ins. ",
"Co., 6 F.3d 836, 848 (1st Cir.1993), cert. ",
"denied, U.S. , 114 S. Ct. ",
"1398, 128 L. Ed. ",
"2d 72 (1994) (noting that \"a company's overall employment statistics will have little direct bearing on the specific intentions of the employer when dismissing a particular individual.\"); ",
"Barnes v. Gencorp., ",
"Inc., 896 F.2d 1457, 1469 (6th Cir.), ",
"cert. ",
"denied, 498 U.S. 878, 111 S. Ct. ",
"211, 112 L. Ed. ",
"2d 171 (1990) (when the defendant offers particularized reasons, this \"cannot be rebutted by reference to the statistics already presented since the statistics here do not tend to establish that age played a factor in any particular decision.\") (",
"citations omitted) (emphasis in original).",
"\n\n\n69\nWhile Walther explains that generalized statistical evidence will rarely rebut a particularized nondiscriminatory rationale, statistical evidence may be probative of pretext in limited circumstances, however. ",
"See Deloach v. Delchamps, Inc., 897 F.2d 815, 820 (5th Cir.1990) (\"Delchamps further claims that while statistical data may be used to establish a prima facie case, it cannot be used to establish pretext. ",
"While that may be true when that is the only evidence a plaintiff has to establish pretext ... we do not believe the same rule applies when a plaintiff offers additional evidence.\"). ",
"The probative value of statistical evidence ultimately depends on all the surrounding facts, circumstances, and other evidence of discrimination. ",
"International Bd. ",
"of Teamsters v. United States, 431 U.S. 324, 340, 97 S. Ct. ",
"1843, 1856-57, 52 L. Ed. ",
"2d 396 (1977).",
"\n\n\n70\nIn the instant case, the statistical evidence offered by the EEOC does not support an inference that TI's reasons for terminating the Six Supervisors were merely pretextual. ",
"Importantly, TI's expert, Dr. Daniel S. Hamermesh (\"Hamermesh\"), showed that the EEOC's results are only statistically significant for a subgroup of supervisors over 50, although the protected class includes all employees over 40 years old. ",
"Hamermesh found that the layoffs were not statistically significant for ages between 40 and 45 and those above 52; the layoffs had a statistically significant impact only for ages 46 through 51. ",
"Of the Six Supervisors, only Rains, Owens, and Hillis fall in the subgroup for which a statistically significant result was deduced. ",
"EEOC did not sue on behalf of the 47 or 49-year old supervisors who were laid off.",
"\n\n\n71\nAs this court has recognized, \"particularly in age discrimination cases where innumerable groupings of employees are possible according to ages and divisions within the corporate structure, statistics are easily manipulated and may be deceptive.\" ",
"Walther v. Lone Star Gas Co., 952 F.2d 119, 124 (5th Cir.), ",
"on rehearing, 977 F.2d 161 (5th Cir.1992). ",
"EEOC's expert had no explanation for his selection of the arbitrary age 50 cutoff other than that was the group EEOC asked him to consider. ",
"EEOC's choice of age groups for statistical review is not probative of age discrimination.",
"\n\n\n72\nFurther, the EEOC's own expert admitted during his deposition that his statistical analysis did not consider the specific talents or duties of the manufacturing supervisors at TI. ",
"Because the EEOC's statistics do not even purport to analyze the facts concerning individual supervisors, the statistics are impotent, without more, to rebut TI's particularized reasons for the termination of the Six Supervisors. ",
"The statistics cannot satisfy the requirement in Rhodes that the EEOC demonstrate a fact issue as to whether each of the TI's stated reasons actually motivated its RIF. ",
"Rhodes, 75 F.3d at 994.",
"\n\n\n73\nMoreover, the authorities on which the EEOC relies are inapposite. ",
"Several cases considered the proffered statistical evidence probative of pretext only because the plaintiff had offered particularized evidence directly challenging the defendant's announced rationale. ",
"See, e.g., Deloach, 897 F.2d at 818-20 (only when coupled with other evidence contradicting employer's reasons was statistical evidence probative of pretext); Freeman v. Package Machinery Co., 865 F.2d 1331, 1342-42 (1st Cir.1988) (statistical evidence is probative when it demonstrated a pattern consistent only with discrimination and it was combined with independent and conflicting testimony of job performance); Krodel v. Young, 242 U.S. App. ",
"D.C. 11, 748 F.2d 701, 710 (D.C.Cir.1984), cert. ",
"denied, 474 U.S. 817, 106 S. Ct. ",
"62, 88 L. Ed. ",
"2d 51 (1985) (without more, statistical evidence is \"less significant\" and \"ordinarily not dispositive\" in disparate treatment cases); Reeves v. General Foods Corp., 682 F.2d 515, 523-25 (5th Cir.1982) (Reeves presented evidence that \"his performance was such that the jury could have decided that General Foods' admittedly articulated explanation of poor performance was unworthy of credence.\"). ",
"Likewise, in Bienkowski v. American Airlines, Inc., 851 F.2d 1503 (5th Cir.1988), this court recognized that statistical evidence was only probative of intent when the plaintiff had disputed with other evidence the defendant's performance evaluation; in Bienkowski, the plaintiff had produced various affidavits from which \"a jury could conclude that his supervisors' evaluation of his performance lacked veracity and that their true motivation resided in their age-based comments.\" ",
"Id. at 1508. ",
"In other cases cited by the EEOC, the court merely explained in dicta that statistical evidence can be evidence of pretext. ",
"See, e.g., EEOC v. Manville Sales Corp., 27 F.3d 1089, 1096 n. 5 (5th Cir.1994); Gusman v. Unisys Corp., 986 F.2d 1146, 1147-48 (7th Cir.1993) (suggesting that \"claims of discrimination are hard to prove one case at a time,\" but emphasizing that \"ample evidence warranted a Conclusion [by the jury] that Gusman's immediate supervisor ... believed that older workers are inferior.\"). ",
"Finally, contrary to the EEOC's suggestion, the court in MacDissi v. Valmont Indus., ",
"Inc., 856 F.2d 1054 (8th Cir.1988), relied on statistical evidence merely to conclude that the plaintiff had established a prima facie case of age discrimination; in fact, the court distinguished MacDissi from other cases where the plaintiffs attempted to use statistics to prove pretext. ",
"Id. at 1058. ",
"None of these cases suggest that statistics which rely on the arbitrarily selected cutoff used here can be probative of pretext in these disparate treatment cases.",
"\n\n\n74\n(5) Cumulative Impact of EEOC's Evidence\n\n\n75\nEEOC strenuously criticizes the district court for having discounted each of its types of evidence separately and ignored that, taken together, all of the agency's evidence bespoke pretext sufficiently to warrant a jury trial. ",
"The district court was obliged, however, to consider the admissibility of evidence offered to support the parties' summary judgment positions pursuant to Fed.",
"Rule Civ.",
"P. 56(e). ",
"His discharge of that duty led to a separate look at EEOC's categories of evidence: alleged \"ageist\" comments; TI's departure from prior procedures and employee evaluation standards; and statistical data. ",
"Like the district court, we have undertaken de novo review of the record, including EEOC's attempted refutation of the individualized reasons for terminating each supervisor and the other evidence offered by the agency. ",
"We agree with the district court that portions of the agency's proffered evidence, e.g. the statistics and stray remarks, were not probative of age discrimination. ",
"The agency failed to join issue on TI's business reasons for using a non-seniority-protective method of selecting which supervisors to lay off. ",
"The agency's attempted refutation of TI's individualized, nondiscriminatory reasons for discharging the Six Supervisors misses the mark because it does not undermine the comparative rating of the Six Supervisors among all the supervisors exposed to the RIF. ",
"EEOC also fails to cast doubt on TI's explanation that the satisfactory performance of a supervisor during a period of economic stability does not necessarily establish the employee's essentiality to the company and its future in an era of downsizing. \"",
"Evidence\" that does not imply pretext taken alone does not do so when cumulated. ",
"See Holmberg v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 901 F.2d 1387, 1391 (7th Cir.1990) (\"the sum of four nondiscriminatory episodes does not support [a] case anymore than viewing the four episodes separately\"). ",
"The agency's case, in sum, confused a quarrel with the merits of the company's business decision--a quarrel in which the ADEA plays no role--with a case of illegal age discrimination.",
"\n\nSTATUTE OF LIMITATIONS\n\n76\nIn July 1994, TI sought leave to amend its answer and expand its plea of limitations as an affirmative defense. ",
"The original answer asserted only that non-willful ADEA violations were time-barred. ",
"Later that month but before the district court had ruled on the motion to amend, TI moved for summary judgment on the grounds that the EEOC's claims were untimely. ",
"On the same day that the district court granted TI summary judgment on the merits of the EEOC's claims, the district court denied TI's motion for leave to amend as moot and denied summary judgment on limitations.",
"\n\n\n77\nTI has attempted to cross-appeal this denial of summary judgment and the court's refusal to rule on its motion to amend. ",
"Even if we have appellate jurisdiction over these interlocutory orders, it is unnecessary to discuss the timeliness of EEOC's complaint because, following the district court's lead, we have alternatively ruled on the merits.",
"\n\nConclusion\n\n78\nFor the foregoing reasons, the district court's award of summary judgment to TI on the merits of the claims brought by the EEOC is AFFIRMED.",
"\n\nKING, Circuit Judge, specially Concurring:\n\n79\nI concur in the judgment affirming the grant of summary judgment for the defendant. ",
"In my view, there is insufficient evidence that the nondiscriminatory reasons proffered by TI for the layoffs at issue here were not the real reasons for those layoffs to send the case to the jury.",
"\n\n\n80\nI do not understand the panel majority to be holding that, in the context of a reduction in force, a showing that a discharged employee was clearly better qualified than younger, retained employees is necessary to create a genuine issue of material fact. ",
"See EEOC v. Manville Sales Corp., 27 F.3d 1089, 1096 n. 5 (5th Cir.1994).",
"\n\n\n81\nI am not comfortable with the treatment in the majority opinion of the plaintiff's evidence of age-based comments. ",
"But even if we accord those comments some probative value, they do not, either independently or in conjunction with the other evidence in the case, constitute more than the scintilla referred to in Boeing.",
"\n\n\n\n1\n TI argues that older employees at DSEG tended not to have state-of-the-art technological training, observing that the older \"supervisors who had learned their skill on-the-job through their former positions as machinists, found themselves with dated skills unless they kept abreast of the new computer-based production methods.\" ",
"Joe Dial, site manager at a TI manufacturing facility, concurred and concluded in a two-page assessment to Douthit that TI's future operations demanded supervisors with enhanced capabilities in statistics and experimental design\n\n\n2\n While this result is hardly counter-intuitive, TI suggests that many of the employees who received high marks on their KPAs actually performed deficiently\n\n\n3\n During his deposition, Joe Dial explained that TI intended to close down or significantly downsize operations in at least three TI facilities: Trinity Mills, Colorado Springs, and the North Building\n\n\n4\n Rains in fact received the lowest performance rating of any of the 45 manufacturing supervisors on the performance evaluation conducted prior to the layoff\n\n\n5\n Loughlin concluded that \"while Hillis' performance would have permitted him to remain employed had business remained at appropriate levels, the downturn in business required me to designate the weakest performer in my group, which was Hillis.\"",
"\n\n\n6\n The \"three theories\" to which the district court referred involved the efforts of the EEOC to demonstrate pretext through the use of (1) age-related comments; (2) TI's conscious failure to follow its own RIF procedures; and (3) statistical evidence of age discrimination. ",
"EEOC also contested the veracity of TI's reasons for each individual termination\n\n\n7\n The district court found and analyzed only two statements, one allegedly made by Blair to Rains, and the other directed at Tencza. ",
"On appeal, the EEOC points out that two separate age-based comments were made to Tencza. ",
"Although the making of these comments is disputed, we must assume that they were made for purposes of summary judgment\n\n\n8\n Moreover, the cases on which the EEOC relies are distinguishable because the remarks in those cases demonstrated discriminatory intent by the final decisionmaker in both the plaintiff's and the third party's cases. ",
"See Shattuck v. Kinetic Concepts, Inc., 49 F.3d 1106, 1109 (5th Cir.1995). ",
"Courts that allow statements about non-parties like Tencza to be used do so because the discriminatory animus that motivated those comments provides circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent in the particular case; any possible inference of discrimination in this case is far weaker and more remote from the decisionmaking process\n\n\n9\n TI's management did not attempt to make fine distinctions between employees in the performance evaluations. ",
"Whit Smith, an expert witness for TI, opined that\nan analysis of the 1988 and 1989 performance reviews for the forty-five manufacturing supervisors reveals that there is not enough variance in the ratings of these individuals to enable management to utilize these as a tool in making a decision regarding the retention or layoff of any individual supervisor. ",
"With only one exception, each manufacturing supervisor was rated by as his/her manager as fully meeting or, in some cases exceeding, job requirements and performance standards. ",
"This rating was consistently given to each manufacturing supervisor, even in those few cases in which the need for improvement ... was identified through the manager's comments. ",
"Managers appear to be reluctant to rate any supervisor as not meeting expectations.... (emphasis added).",
"\n\n\n10\n \"... a plaintiff can take his case to a jury with evidence that he was clearly better qualified than younger employees who were retained.\" ",
"Walther, 952 F.2d at 123, citing Thornbrough v. Columbus & Greenville R. Co., 760 F.2d 633, 647 (5th Cir.1985)\n\n\n"
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[
"No person wants to wear boots that appear to like or ration a fixed of device, but their feet harm all day, because of it. ",
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"no matter what form of activity you take pleasure in, whether it's jogging, playing, or farming, you can continually discover a beneficial nb move-instructor. ",
"There are some very fashionable leather-based responsibility boots Georgia, however just as comfy. ",
"in addition, you have got sufficient alternatives to select from.",
"\n\nUpload sparkling charm, add-ons, pearls, lace, and other items to make your GGDB stand out.",
"\n\nHerbal fur boots are exquisite younger ladies, because they are able to exchange the chain and attraction, similar to them, without a whole lot trouble. ",
"Further, those types of boots and sockers make a wonderful birthday and christmas gift.",
"\n\nIt's important to hold your feet warm, at ease and comfortable. ",
"whilst the weather is horrific, you furthermore mght want a few moist factors. ",
"top traction is likewise essential to you, so that you upload the hazard of slipping and falling because of the weather. ",
"you will locate which you're seeking out high-quality Mick boots. ",
"They have been elegant, the ultimate long term, and less costly.",
"\n\nThe choice keeps to develop every so often, which makes it tougher and tougher to decide what you need to shop for. ",
"let's accept it, all of us need to put on fashion designer stuff, to reveal off our style, however more frequently, we suppress our desires because of our wallet. ",
"Boots, for example, are famous all 12 months round, in particular in international locations which can be temporarily cold and humid. ",
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"shopping on the net constantly allows, because the discount you lose is continually welcome. ",
"if you are an impulsive client, you can always purchase the spoils and blend of wholesale girls and the requirements of your cloth cabinet.",
"\n\nGGDB has flagship stores in New York, Paris, London, Milan, Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Beirut, Saint-Tropez and Amsterdam,Golden Goose sale all around the world, all while boosting relationships with all of the most important fashion destinations in the world.",
"\n\nThey may be without difficulty transported everywhere, so there's not anything to stop you from losing what you need. ",
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"\n\nyou'll discover a suitable pair of boots for your circle of relatives. ",
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"irrespective of what your daily lifestyles is, those boots will pull you thru."
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[
"Project Summary Genetic variants that hyperactivate mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are among the most common pathological substrates associated with intractable pediatric epilepsy, and hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway is also proposed to mediate epileptogenesis in response to brain injury. ",
"Although altered neuronal migration and morphology are hallmarks of many known mTOR-related neurological diseases (mTORopathies) in humans, studies in animal models show that abnormal synaptic transmission and network activity precede or occur in the absence of overt structural changes, and that preventing structural changes does not prevent the neurological symptoms. ",
"This highlights the need for a better understanding of the functional changes in the brain. ",
"This proposal will test the hypothesis that abnormal synchronous neuronal activity caused by genetic hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway is driven by changes in synaptic transmission. ",
"The long-term goal is to understand the genesis of, and then prevent or rescue, this abnormal activity, which may underlie both the high incidence of epilepsy and autism in humans with mTORopathies. ",
"In Aim 1, we will address this by testing four genetic models of mTORopathies (Tsc1, Pten, Pik3ca, Szt2) and determining whether there are common synaptic changes. ",
"Whether different mTORopathies share common synaptic alterations is an essential question to understanding the mechanistic similarity of these molecularly related diseases. ",
"In Aim 2, we will use molecular genetic rescue strategies that dissociate the morphological and synaptic effects of mTOR hyperactivation to test whether synaptic changes are sufficient to induce hypersynchronous activity and epilepsy. ",
"In Aim 3, we will use a combination of widefield and 2-photon calcium imaging to track the development and characteristics of hypersynchronous activity in vivo. ",
"We will then test whether the synaptic changes we observe in vitro are present at the time and place of hypersynchronous activity onset, and whether they can drive aberrant network activity. ",
"We anticipate that defining the functional consequences of mTOR hyperactivation relevant to enhanced neuronal excitability will lead to significant advances in the understanding of disease mechanisms, and aid the development of treatment strategies for mTORpathies and other neurological diseases."
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[
"(Photo: Getty Images/AFP, Mandel Ngan)\n\nDonald Trump is an absurdly self-centered oaf who couldn’t think of someone other than himself even if he were a character in a body-swapping movie where he had to live as a regular person until he learned how to be less of a jackass, so it’s not surprising that he seems to think everything he does or says is brilliant and unique while everyone who criticizes him is a liar or a fraud. ",
"Trump’s brilliance was once again on display in a recent interview with Twitter comedian Mike Huckabee, during which Trump apparently took credit for inventing the word “fake.” ",
"He referred to it as “one of the greatest of all terms” that he’s come up with, and though acknowledged that “other people have used it, perhaps, over the years,” it’s not something he ever noticed.",
"\n\n\nAccording to Merriam-Webster, the first known use of the word “fake” came in 1627, which means there are two possible explanations for Trump’s claim: He’s either an immortal demon who has been living in the shadows of civilization for centuries as he tries to doom mankind and destroy the planet, or—as one man said—he’s just a fucking moron. ",
"Both seem equally likely and equally appealing, so it’s really impossible to say which one is the truth.",
"\n\nWhatever’s really going on in the dark mass of tentacles that Trump calls a brain, the Toronto Star has pulled together some other highlights from his Huckabee interview, including his assertion that the Las Vegas shooter was “probably smart” even if he was a “sick person,” that he thinks it’s beneath the office of the president to worry about healthcare, that he enjoys meeting with people in hurricane-ravaged areas because it makes him feel good, and that the paper towels he threw at Puerto Ricans recently were “beautiful” and “soft.”",
"\n\n\nYou can see the full interview below, but it’s a Sunday and you shouldn’t feel obligated to subject yourself to it.",
"\n\n"
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[
"\"Who wants to be consistent? ",
"The dullard and the doctrinaire, the tedious people who carry out their principles to the bitter end of action, to the reductio ad absurdum of practice. ",
"Not I.\"-Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying\n\nI'm working my way through them. ",
"I've listened to all the Orthodox speakers and have started Archimandrite Taft's session. ",
"What are your thoughts thus far? ",
"I love Metropolitan Kallistos but I think Sr. ",
"Dr. Larin's talk is my favorite so far.",
"\n\nLogged\n\n\"For this God is our God forever and ever; He will be our guide, even to the end.\" ",
"Psalm 48:14\n\nI'm working my way through them. ",
"I've listened to all the Orthodox speakers and have started Archimandrite Taft's session. ",
"What are your thoughts thus far? ",
"I love Metropolitan Kallistos but I think Sr. ",
"Dr. Larin's talk is my favorite so far.",
"\n\nI prefer Met. ",
"Kallistos. ",
"That Carl Olsen guy who \"can convince anyone of purgatory\" is annoying. ",
"Sr. ",
"Dr. Larin is my second choise. ",
"Great lecture.",
"\n\n« Last Edit: October 10, 2012, 12:03:23 PM by Cyrillic »\n\nLogged\n\n\"Who wants to be consistent? ",
"The dullard and the doctrinaire, the tedious people who carry out their principles to the bitter end of action, to the reductio ad absurdum of practice. ",
"Not I.\"-Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying\n\nI didn't care for Frederica Matthewes-Green's talk, either. ",
"She seems like a very nice lady but her talk seemed better suited to a group of people curious about Orthodoxy and who don't have much knowledge about it. ",
"I don't mean to discredit her, there is obviously a niche for her and one I'm sure she's successful in... but it just seemed out of place here.",
"\n\nLogged\n\n\"For this God is our God forever and ever; He will be our guide, even to the end.\" ",
"Psalm 48:14"
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[
"Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. ",
"For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. ",
"For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov.",
"\n\nQuick Links\n\nIncident Investigations\n\nAssessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) Program\n\nWhen chemical releases happen suddenly, ATSDR can provide local authorities with valuable help through the ACE program.",
"\n\nIn June 2011, after a chemical incident at a poultry processing facility, 600 workers were potentially exposed to chlorine, 170 of whom needed transportation to five area hospitals for medical evaluation. ",
"The state Department of Health asked ATSDR to assist in the investigation of the incident, including an evaluation of the emergency response. ",
"An ACE team was deployed in response. ",
"The team discovered that the state Department of Emergency Management was not required to notify the health department when the incident occurred. ",
"This resulted in missed opportunities for assistance, such as coordinating with local hospitals regarding where patients were transported for care or providing treatment protocols for chlorine gas.",
"\n\nAfter the ACE investigation identified the issue, the Department of Emergency Management modified their procedure for notification of the state health department to include any incident involving a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear substance. ",
"About two weeks after the procedures were modified, two different ammonia releases occurred in the same city as the previous release. ",
"Because of the new procedures, emergency management officials immediately notified the health department of the incidents, resulting in a more coordinated and effective response.",
"\n\nWhat is ACE?",
"\n\nWhen toxic substance spills or chemical emergencies happen, ATSDR helps state and local health departments by providing ACE resources to perform a rapid epidemiologic assessment.",
"\n\nWhat resources does ACE provide?",
"\n\nACE provides training on how to perform an epidemiologic assessment after a chemical incident. ",
"The ACE Toolkit is a helpful resource to assist local authorities in responding to or preparing for a chemical release. ",
"The toolkit contains materials that can quickly be modified to meet the needs of a local team performing an epidemiologic assessment, including:\n\nSurveys\n\nConsent forms\n\nMedical chart abstraction form\n\nInterviewer training manual\n\nEpi Info™7 databases to enter and analyze the data\n\nWhen an incident occurs ACE provides technical assistance by forming a multi-disciplinary, often multi-agency, team to assist the state and local health department. ",
"Team members may assist from ATSDR headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia or deploy to the scene.",
"\n\nOther support the ACE team can provide is:\n\nGIS mapping and assistance with sample methodologies\n\nClinical testing, if appropriate\n\nLiaising with other federal agencies\n\nWhat happens during an ACE investigation?",
"\n\nACE talks with incident responders and hospital staff that treated patients to understand\n\nwhat happened,\n\nwho was exposed,\n\nsteps taken to protect public health, such as an evacuation or shelter-in-place order,\n\ncommunication during the response, and\n\nlessons learned during the response.",
"\n\nACE also interviews people who may have been exposed to collect detailed information on\n\nexposure history,\n\nsymptoms experienced,\n\nwho was exposed,\n\nhealth services used,\n\nneeds resulting from the exposure,\n\nmedical history,\n\nhow people received information about the release, and\n\nhealth impacts on pets.",
"\n\nACE typically reviews hospital medical charts and veterinary chart abstractions to learn more details about health effects experienced as a result of the release. ",
"ACE may also assist in collecting and analyzing clinical samples if a laboratory test is available to determine exposure to the substance. ",
"If testing is done, results are sent to participants to share with their physicians.",
"\n\nWhy perform an ACE investigation?",
"\n\nState and local health departments can use information obtained from rapid assessments to\n\nassess impact of the release on individuals as well as the community,\n\ndirect the public health response,\n\ntarget outreach to prevent similar incidents,\n\nassess the need to modify emergency response procedures, and\n\nidentify a group of exposed people that may need to be followed-for long-term effects.",
"\n\nA body of data from multiple incidents can be used for education and training to prepare for future incidents.",
"\n\nWhat are some examples of ACE investigations?",
"\n\nThe ACE team worked with the state or local health agency on the investigations and public health actions described below. ",
"Additionally, ATSDR has partnered with other public health and safety agencies, like the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to work on chemical releases. ",
"The goals of each investigation were determined by the inviting agency. ",
"Each investigation involved multiple components, including interviewing responders and owners/managers of facilities, surveying exposed persons and staff at hospitals where patients were treated, and reviewing hospital charts for patients treated for chemical exposure.",
"\n\nChlorine release at a metal recycling facility\nChlorine gas was released when a 1-ton, low-pressure tank was cut at metal recycling facility. ",
"Most workers and customers followed the planned evacuation route, exiting the facility through the main gate and meeting in an open field that was downwind from the tank. ",
"The ACE team, working with the state and local health department:\n\nInterviewed responders and facility owners, surveyed exposed persons, and the state partners abstracted hospital charts. ",
"A report of the investigation has been published.",
"\n\nOnly accept containers that are cut open, dry, and without a valve or plug.",
"\n\nTreat closed containers as potential hazardous waste.",
"\n\nDevelop and practice an evacuation plan. ",
"Train workers to stay upwind when evacuating for a chemical release.",
"\n\nThe state health department conducted follow-up interviews and medical record review of the affected workers 6 months after the incident, determining that some workers had ongoing respiratory and psychological symptoms. ",
"As a result of their findings, they provided technical assistance to the treating providers.",
"\n\nAmmonia release at a refrigeration facility\nA pipe ruptured on the roof of a refrigeration facility, releasing anhydrous ammonia. ",
"A cloud of ammonia drifted over a canal behind the facility, exposing personnel on ships docked at the refrigeration facility and at a large facility across the canal where work was taking place outdoors. ",
"The ACE team, in conjunction with the local health department and the state’s CDC Career Epidemiology Field Officer:\n\nInterviewed personnel at the refrigeration facility, responders, and employees of a large facility that was downwind; surveyed exposed persons at the downwind facility; and reviewed hospital charts. ",
"County partners surveyed hospitals where patients were treated.",
"\n\nParticipated in a Hotwash (after action review) of the response to the incident and reported that there was a lack of notification of the people in the area of the release. ",
"The county later obtained a reverse 9-1-1 system to be able to call telephones belonging to residents and businesses in a defined geographic area and deliver recorded emergency notifications.",
"\n\nChlorine release at a poultry processing facility\nA worker accidently mixed sodium hypochlorite with an acid-containing disinfectant, releasing approximately 40 lbs of chlorine gas within the facility. ",
"Due to the air flow within the building, workers were exposed both at their work stations and in a major hallway used as an evacuation route. ",
"The ACE team, assisting the state and local health department:\n\nPartnered with NIOSH on the investigation. ",
"The NIOSH team performed a Health Hazard Evaluation at the facility and surveyed workers to learn their health effects.",
"\n\nInterviewed responders, surveyed staff at hospitals where patients were treated, and reviewed hospital charts of patients treated for chlorine exposure.",
"\n\nDetermined that the existing emergency response protocols had an excessively high threshold for notification of the health department about chemical incidents. ",
"After the ACE investigation identified the issue, the notification protocol was modified to include health department notification of any incident involving a biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear substance.",
"\n\nVinyl chloride release from a train derailment\nA tanker car punctured during a train derailment released approximately 24, 000 gallons of vinyl chloride on the edge of a small town. ",
"A shelter-in-place order was established for surrounding areas, then was lifted and reestablished repeatedly over four days, as vinyl chloride levels in the air fluctuated due to weather conditions. ",
"The ACE team, in partnership with the state and local health department:\n\nSurveyed community members who were potentially exposed, surveyed staff from hospitals where patients were treated for vinyl chloride exposure, surveyed staff from a facility whose only access road was blocked by the derailed train, and performed hospital chart abstractions. ",
"State partners mailed a survey to all households in the community.",
"\n\nPartnered with a NIOSH team which interviewed representatives from responder groups and created a written survey for responders. ",
"A report of the NOISH investigation has been published.",
"\n\nAnswered responders’ questions during their meetings and collected information needed to address community concerns.",
"\n\n4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol and propylene glycol phenyl ether contamination of a public water supply\nA tank containing chemicals used in coal processing leaked into a river just upstream from the intake of the municipal water supply for approximately 300,000 people. ",
"A “Do not use” water order was issued for a nine-county area. ",
"The ACE team, working with the state health department:\n\nPerformed hospital chart abstractions for patients treated for exposure to the contaminated water. ",
"Surveyed area hospitals to learn of their experiences with the “Do Not Use” water order. ",
"A review of disaster epidemiology capacity within the inviting agency was also performed.",
"\n\nUsed results from the hospital chart reviews for local outreach and education efforts in an effort to alleviate the public’s concerns about spill-related health effects. ",
"Findings of the hospital survey were used to provide information to hospitals planning for emergencies where their water supply is compromised. ",
"The disaster epidemiology capacity report was used to aid in planning for health department responses to future disasters.",
"\n\nHow do we request ACE assistance or learn more about ACE?",
"\n\nACE representatives can be contacted via phone and email. ",
"A representative can help local authorities determine what assistance is needed. ",
"If an ACE investigation—on-site field assistance—is appropriate, approval of the state epidemiologist must be secured. ",
"An ACE team can then be rapidly deployed to the field to provide assistance for up to 30 days. ",
"After leaving the field, the team continues working with the local authorities to analyze data and prepare reports.",
"\n\nACE investigations will be carried out in the event of an acute chemical release of toxic substances, which can cause serious health effects. ",
"An event must involve:\n\nthe release of a toxic substance at levels that may cause acute human health effects\n\nAssessment of Chemical Exposures Training\n\nThe Assessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) training introduces how to perform an epidemiologic assessment after a chemical incident. ",
"It also describes the ACE Toolkit, which contains surveys, consent forms, databases, and training materials that are useful in responding to or preparing for a chemical release."
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"Effects of KN-62, a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, on long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus.",
"\nEffects of KN-62 (1-[NO-bis-1,5-isoquinolinesulfonyl]-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl- 4-phenylpiperazine), a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, were examined using rat hippocampus slices in vitro. ",
"The inhibitor, when applied in bathing solutions prior to and present during the tetanic stimulations, blocked the generation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 regions without affecting basal synaptic transmission itself, suggesting an important role of this kinase in the molecular mechanism of CA1 LTP. ",
"In contrast, mossy fiber LTP in CA3 regions was not affected significantly by the inhibitor."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to systems and methods for network switching, and more particularly to efficient routing of communication paths in a telecommunications system.",
"\n2. ",
"Related Art\nA conventional Common Channel Signaling (CCS) telecommunications network comprises three basic components: Customer Premises Equipments (CPEs; for example, a private branch exchange (PBX)), communications busses (also known as links; for example, telephone lines) and nodes (for example, switches). ",
"The switches are used to selectively connect the CPEs via the links. ",
"A CCS network is characterized by the separation of signaling links and traffic links. ",
"Switches in a CCS network establish traffic links between CPEs by exchanging signaling messages via signaling links that specify tasks to be performed on the traffic links. ",
"The format of these signaling messages is typically specified by a standard.",
"\nOne such standard is American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Signaling System No. ",
"7 (SS7) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP), ANSI T1.113 (1995), referred to hereinafter as \"the standard\". ",
"The standard specifies a set of signaling messages that a network must support in order to comply with the standard. ",
"Each of these signaling messages must be accompanied by one or more parameters; these parameters are also defined by the standard. ",
"The standard also provides for several \"spare\" parameters. ",
"Spare parameters are of two types: \"ANSI reserved\" and \"network specific\".",
"\nANSI reserved spare parameters are those that are not currently defined by the standard, but that may be defined by the standard at some future time. ",
"Network service providers are free to use the network specific spare parameters to transmit proprietary data to implement proprietary services to supplement those provided by the standard. ",
"A service provider will typically offer many proprietary services, and thus will require many spare parameters to implement those services. ",
"When a service provider exhausts the network specific spare parameters, he has little recourse but to employ some of the ANSI reserved spare parameters.",
"\nHowever, if a service provider employs an ANSI reserved spare parameter to implement a proprietary feature, and ANSI subsequently redefines that spare parameter, the service provider will no longer be in compliance with the standard. ",
"In order to comply with the new standard, the service provider must redefine the proprietary feature to use a different spare parameter. ",
"To implement such a parameter change, a service provider must change the call processing software in its network switches. ",
"This is an expensive and time-consuming task. ",
"Further, if the newly-selected spare parameter is an ANSI reserved spare parameter, it may subsequently be re-assigned. ",
"Thus, this solution is not a permanent one. ",
"Further, a service provider may require more spare parameters than are available.",
"\nWhat is needed, therefore, is a method for transmitting proprietary data that is independent of the ANSI reserved spare parameter data structure specified by the ANSI standard."
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"Main menu\n\nPost navigation\n\nEmail preservation: How hard can it be?",
"\n\nPolicy and Planning Fellow Edith summarises some highlights from the Digital Preservation Coalition’s briefing day on email preservation. ",
"See the full schedule of speakers on DPC’s website.",
"\n\nYesterday Sarah and I attended DPC’s briefing day on email preservation at the National Archives (UK) in Kew, London. ",
"We were keen to go and hear about latest findings from the Email Preservation Task Force as Sarah will be developing a course dedicated to email preservation for the DPOC teaching programme. ",
"An internal survey circulated to staff in Bodleian Libraries’ earlier this year showed a real appetite for learning about email preservation. ",
"It is an issue which evidently spans several areas of our organisation.",
"\n\nThe subheading of the event “How hard can it be?” ",
"turned out to be very apt. ",
"Before even addressing preservation, we were asked to take a step back and ask ourselves:\n\n“Do I actually know what email is?”",
"\n\nAs Kate Murray from the Library of Congress put it: “email is an object, several things and a verb”. ",
"In this sense email has much in common with the World Wide Web, as they are heavily linked and complex objects. ",
"Retention decisions must be made, not only about text content but also about email attachments and external web links. ",
"In addition, supporting features (such as instant messaging and calendars) are increasingly integrated into email services and potential candidates for capture.",
"\n\nThinking about email “as a verb” also highlights that it is a cultural and social practice. ",
"Capturing relationships and structures of communication is an additional layer to preserve. ",
"Anecdotally, some participants on the Email Preservation day had found that data mining, including the ability to undertake analysis across email archives, is increasingly in demand from historians using big data research techniques.",
"\n\nSo what are organisations currently doing to preserve email? ",
"A strength of the Email Preservation Taskforce’s new draft report is that it draws together samples of workflows currently in use by other organisations (primarily US based). ",
"Additional speakers from Preservica, National Archives and the British Library supplemented these with some local examples from the UK throughout the day.",
"\n\nThe talks and report show that migration is by far the most common approach to email preservation in the institutions consulted. ",
"EML and Mbox are the most common formats migrated to. ",
"Each have different approaches to storing either single messages (EML) or aggregating messages in a single database file (Mbox). (",
"However, beware that Mbox is a whole family of formats which have varying documentation levels!)",
"\n\nWhile some archives choose to ingest Mbox and EML files into their repositories without further processing, others choose to unpack content within these files. ",
"Unpacking content provides a mode of displaying emails, as well as the ability to normalise content within them.",
"\n\nThe British Library for example have chosen to unpack email files using Aid4Mail, and are attempting to replicate the message hierarchy within a folder structure. ",
"Using Aid4Mail, they migrate text from email messages to PDF/A-2b which are displayed alongside folders containing any email attachments. ",
"PDF/A-2b can then be validated using vera/PDF or other tools. ",
"A CSV manifest is also generated and entered into relevant catalogues. ",
"Preservica’s out of the box workflow is very similar to the British Library’s, although they choose to migrate text content to HTML or UTF-8 encoded text files.",
"\n\nAnother tantalising example (which I can imagine will gain more traction in the future) came from one institution who has used Emulation As A Service to provide access to one of its collections of email. ",
"By using an emulation approach it is able to provide access to content within the original operating environment used by the donor of the email archive. ",
"This has particular strength in that email attachments, such as images and word processing files, can be viewed on contemporary software (providing licenses can be acquired for the software itself).",
"\n\nFinally, a tool which was considered or already in use by many of the contributors is ePADD. ",
"ePADD is an open source tool developed by Stanford University Libraries. ",
"It provides functions for processing and appraisal of Mbox files, but also has many interesting features for exploring the social and cultural aspect of email. ",
"ePADD can mine emails for subjects such as places, events and people. ",
"En masse, these subjects provide researchers with a much richer insight into trends and topics within large email archives. (",
"Tip: why not have a look at the ePADD discovery module to see it in practice?)",
"\n\nWhat do we still need to explore?",
"\n\nIt is encouraging that people are already undertaking preservation of email and that there are workflows out there which other organisations can adopt. ",
"However, there are many questions and issues still to explore.",
"\n\nCurrent processes cannot fully capture the interlinked nature of email archives. ",
"Questions were raised during the day about the potential of describing archives using linked open data in order to amalgamate separate collections. ",
"Email archives may be more valuable to historians as they acquire critical mass\n\nOther questions were raised around whether or not archives should also crawl web links within emails. ",
"Links to external content may be crucial for understanding the context of a message, but this becomes a very tricky issue if emails are accessioned years after creation. ",
"If webpages are crawled and associated with the email message years after it was sent, serious doubt is raised around the reliability of the email as a record\n\nThe issue of web links also brings up the question of when email harvesting should occur. ",
"Would it be better if emails were continually harvested to the archive/record management system than waiting until a member of staff leave their position? ",
"The good news is that many email providers are increasingly documenting and providing APIs to their services, meaning that the ability to do so may become more feasible in the future\n\nAs seen in many of the sample workflows from the Email Preservation Task Force report, email files are often migrated multiple times. ",
"Especially as ePADD works with Mbox, some organisations end up adding an additional migration step in order to use the tool before normalising to EML. ",
"There is currently very little available literature on the impact of migrations, and indeed multiple migrations, on the information content of emails.",
"\n\nWhat can you do now to help?",
"\n\nSo while there are some big technical and philosophical challenges, the good news is that there are things you can do to contribute right now. ",
"You can:\n\nContribute your organisation’s workflows to the Email Preservation Task Force report, so that they can be shared with the community\n\nRun trial migrations between different email formats such as PST, Mbox and EML and blog about your finding\n\nSupport open source tools such as ePADD through either financial aid or (if you are technically savvy) your time. ",
"We rely heavily on these tools and need to work together to make them sustainable!",
"\n\nOverall the Email Preservation day was very inspiring and informative, and I cannot wait to hear more from the Email Preservation Task Force. ",
"Were you also at the event and have some other highlights to add? ",
"Please comment below!"
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"[A comparison of two models of gender-related schematic processing].",
"\nAn experiment was conducted to compare two models of gender-related schematic processing: Bem's gender schema theory (1981) and self-schema theory by Markus, Crane, Bernstein, and Saladi (1982). ",
"While the former argues for a construct that is unidimensional, the latter proposes separate masculine and feminine schemata. ",
"Two hundred and thirty-six college students (111 males and 125 females) completed Bem Sex Role Inventory, and then estimated subjective percentages of males and females who had each trait of BSRI. ",
"The subjective percentages were used to compute sex-typing scores. ",
"After the questionnaires, the subjects attempted free recall of the inventory items, and clustering scores were computed from the results. ",
"Data analyses, including those of covariance structure, yielded the following results: 1) The fit of the gender schema model was better than the self-schema model. ",
"2) A strong gender schema was related to a high-congruent self-concept score, a low sex-incongruent self-concept score, a high sex-congruent sex-typing score, a high sex-incongruent sex-typing score, and a high sex-congruent clustering score. ",
"As a whole, the results could be summarized to support the gender schema theory."
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[
"Pages\n\nWednesday, September 9, 2015\n\nUPDATE-1: Alberta's new permanent reality\n\nIt's been my assertion all throughout Alberta's good times that they would be quickly coming to an end. ",
"It may have seemed hard to believe that 'oil' was somehow not as profitable as people thought. ",
"The complexities of understanding the difference between currency and real wealth and the complications introduced by ever lower energy returns on energy investment are likewise harder concepts to grasp.",
"\n\nIt is for this reason that to this day proponents of oilsands insist that this is a cyclical problem and that before we know it the \"boom times\" will be back, the reality unfortunately (or fortunately depending how you look at it) is that Alberta's oil industry has now entered a permanent decline and while oil may continue to be produced it will not have the net-benefits Albertans have come to expect from them even though the bar on what would be considered acceptable net-benefits was already extremely low.",
"\n\nI of course don't really care what populist celebrities have to say about oilsands development but I do take issue with so called journalists who paint a rosy picture of \"growth and prosperity\" for all through oilsands development when the truth couldn't be farther from.",
"\n\nNow however, not even two years after Den Tandt's article on how we should be throwing everything at the oilsands to support their growth Alberta Oil Magazine has come out with an article titled \"Why the Oil Sands May Never See Another New Mining Project Built\" in which they effectively admit the infinite growth endgame has arrived. ",
"It should be noted that the reasoning they use is the exact same reasoning I've been talking about for the last 4 years on my blogs (and longer in terms of my thoughts which drove me to start blogging in the first place). ",
"Such as:\n\nCAPP confirmed that in its annual forecast in June, when it reduced estimated oil sands production for 2030 to four million barrels per day. ",
"That’s down from 4.8 million barrels per day in its 2014 forecast, and 5.2 million barrels per day in the 2013 version. ",
"And according to ARC Financial’s Peter Tertzakian, that revised and reduced forecast is still too optimistic. “",
"I think the era of big megaprojects up there is really over,” he says. “",
"Even before the price crash there was a trend in oil and gas investing – whether it was by large corporations or individual investors – away from long-payback projects with lots of above-ground risk that were also characterized by very high capital costs.” ",
"That trend, he says, is a reflection of the fact that energy investors have more to choose from today. “",
"The oil sands has to compete for capital with all the other types of oil projects that are out there. ",
"It has to morph into something cleaner, smaller in size and less capital intensive. ",
"It’s definitely possible to do, but the old paradigm of 4,000-man camps and long construction periods is over.”",
"\n\nOf course if the old paradigm of 4000 man camps is over, so is the old paradigm of the oilsands being a major source of job creation and being that their royalties are so low and require so much government support just to remain operational the silver lining in their operation was the sheer number of jobs they required. ",
"At the end of the day oilsands proponents would always cite jobs as the main reason to keep them around, they may not have provided much net-benefits to the public in general especially with how their wages distorted Alberta's economy for those who weren't rolling in oil cash but at least they provided some personal benefit to the employees in terms of fairly large (but still a drop in the bucket of what these workers should have been making) returns.",
"\n\nBy no net-benefit for the public in general what I of course mean is that the infrastructure requirements and the services needed to support the population influx generated by the oilsands was far too expensive and was not covered by the returns the oilsands provide and as I've described many times before the benefits they appeared to provide were more so a function of 1) Alberta significantly under-funding infrastructure expansion and services for the population and 2) a business model entirely based on the rapid rise of oil prior to 2008. ",
"It is the phantom of the oil market prior to 2008 which continues to provide the basis of the \"coming oil boom\" today.",
"\n\nHowever, even with this significantly reduced expectations of the production and return of oilsands projects the outlook is still far too rosy and the real turmoil for extreme energy intensive oil and gas extraction has barely begun.",
"\n\nThe 'imploding market' has now gotten so bad for fracking that fracking companies have been throwing more and more resources into what they claim is a \"more efficient\" way to produce fracked crude for an already oversupplied and deflating market. ",
"This is of course not because they are still profitable but because as we've discussed before they're all inundated with \"sunk costs\" and essentially have no choice but to keep producing on the hope they can someday return to profitable margins. ",
"In the meantime as they're hoping for \"better days\" they're continuing to waste more and more non-renewable resources including fresh water even as the drought conditions in the U.S. persist. ",
"It's shocking how with survival methods like these anyone can possibly think \"economic growth\" is anywhere on the horizon.",
"\n\nHydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the process of pumping water, minerals and chemicals into shale rock beneath the Earth's surface to break them up and release oil and gas. ",
"It has driven America's booming production of shale oil throughout the last decade. ",
"But more recently, companies like Liberty and EOG Resources have advocated a fracking method that uses more water and minerals to break up shale at high pressure in multiple stages.",
"\n\nYes, even more water, and even more minerals, for what was an already intensive process and for what? ",
"To continue oversupplying the world with oil that our economic deflationary vortex will never need? ",
"For so called \"money\"?",
"\n\nThe biggest issue with projects like this isn't that they're not really that profitable, it's not even that they're not going to be profitable, The biggest issue with projects like this is the lengths those operating the current monetary paradigm are going to go to to make them seem profitable. ",
"Here are a couple examples:\n\nThe federal government says it is agreeing to an offshore drilling plan that would allow up to 21 days to bring in capping technology for a subsea well blowout, because requiring a shorter response time would be too expensive for Shell Canada Ltd.\n\nIt issued the order late Friday due to what it calls non-compliance surrounding pipeline maintenance and monitoring in its Long Lake oilsands project.",
"Alberta Energy Regulator spokesman Bob Curran said every oil and gas company is required to monitor, inspect and maintain records for all of their pipelines.",
"Nexen couldn't demonstrate that those activities have occurred on those lines, which carry several products including crude oil, natural gas, salt water, fresh water and emulsion, Curran said.",
"\n\nNow this last link is very interesting as perhaps for the first time maybe ever the Alberta energy regulator is doing what it's supposed to do rather than simply rubber stamp everything that comes it's way. ",
"I attribute this largely to the new Notley government and while I applaud their efforts to finally bring some sort of accountability to oilsands projects this event also shows how far off the mark the Alberta and Canadian governments have been in regards to how \"safe\" these projects really are.",
"\n\nThe reality is that because these projects are so capital intensive there is no room, or cash, for the type of tightly monitored and strict safety measures we claim to have which just might explain why shortly after the regulators actions Nexen shut down the entire site (no confirmation yet as to the true reason but it fits with the problematic environment).",
"\n\nNow I've known for a long time how fraudulent Albertas claims to profitability and high standards of safety have been not from news articles but because being Albertan it's hard not to know someone inside the industry. ",
"I have never written about these personal stories I've been told over the years as without news articles to at least back up the situation it would probably be considered no more than hearsay at best. ",
"At this time though and with the previous links showing how our cost constraints impact our ambitious environmental and safety concerns I'd like to give an idea of some of the insider stories I've heard in regards to oilsands operations particularly in material coordination being I'm in Edmonton and most insiders I know are in this field.",
"\n\nWhat is particularly interesting about these stories is that in most cases it is employees taking shortcuts themselves in an effort to save their own ass. ",
"Perhaps one of the most repeated stories I've heard was about situations where materials for pipes would be ordered that were not of the correct thickness but due to upstream pressure and a desire for the employee to not personally take the fall for the fuckup they simply pass it on and rubber stamp the papers. ",
"In truth many of the executives sitting at the top of these companies really have no clue how chaotic the process is on the actual ground. ",
"These executives write up fancy manuals on safety and the proper handling of materials but the employees are so overworked and under such pressure to deliver they're never followed.",
"\n\nMy point with this story is that not only are companies \"officially\" cutting corners such as with the Nexen pipelines not being properly monitored but \"unofficially\" employees are taking it upon themselves to cut corners to meet demand and not take a personal hit. ",
"These stories are not just isolated to low-level employees but also mid-level managers who when these issues are brought to their attention instruct the employees to paper over and ignore the issue passing it upstream so as not to take the performance hit. ",
"Over the years I've heard these stories enough to come to the conclusion they're more the rule, than the exception, and these were during the good times.",
"\n\nWhether you believe these stories or not (though I assure you they are true) at this point no longer matters as now with the worsening economic situation these holes are becoming ever more obvious along with the unprofitable nature of extreme oil production but I'm telling you them to provide a glimpse into the clusterfuck it really is and that for every story I have heard there are surely hundreds I haven't.",
"\n\nThe failing expectations on oil are bad, but could be contained, the larger issue which is really what I've been concerned about all of these years are the domino effect it's going to have in everyone and everything that's built up an expectation of hyper-inflated growth with no end.",
"\n\nAlberta's new NDP government, which is largely following the path I forecast it would in regards to debt, infrastructure, and oil production is (I believe) in good faith and with well intentions trying to fill in the gaps and holes Alberta's 40 year dynasty of oil insiders acting like politicians has left us in their efforts to fool the Albertan population into believing the oilsands were just as if not more profitable than conventional oil. ",
"However I also believe the NDP is doing this either in preparation for, or hope that, the mega growth Alberta has experienced in the past will one day return. ",
"Preparation because to properly service the population we're anticipating we'll have we need to prepare and invest ahead of time. ",
"Hope, because if this expected population does not materialize we will have greatly expanded our infrastructure for no one, and it's probably likely that without the oil production this infrastructure was built for, and the returns we expect it'll give us, it will be a great burden on the remaining population of Alberta to pay for especially with central banks near running the course on the temporary positive benefits continually lowering interest rates have provided. ",
"Simply: Alberta started these initiatives too late and it will likely be the NDP that takes the \"blame\" for such issues though Alberta's path was largely set in stone years ago long before they ever came to power.",
"\n\nThis domino effect could easily ripple through the province, such as in Edmonton where sky-cranes tower over the downtown core building new high rises and the new arena which all assume that at the end of the construction there will be an infusion of ever growing capital and ever richer people to pay the premium prices for tickets, office, and apartment space and keep the property bubble blowing. ",
"If Alberta Oil Magazine, and myself, are correct no new mega projects means the influx of population Alberta has experienced in the past is over and done with never to return, in fact Alberta's population may greatly decrease as the Canadian economic propaganda about how strong our economy is has moved back to eastern and central Canada and the great predictions of exports and a U.S. recovery. ",
"This will of course leave the investors funding these developments holding the empty bag (or office tower as it were) creating further damage to Alberta's already overheated and overpriced property market.",
"\n\nConclusion\nAlberta and it's oil industry may be adjusting expectations but at too slow a rate to really grasp our current condition. ",
"We continue to underestimate the associated costs of extreme energy production and also continue to base our expectations of such production on market conditions that are nearly a decade in the past. ",
"The global deflationary event we are experiencing derives from how expensive energy has become in the post-peak oil environment and yes while the market price of these resources is currently low which reflects the oversupply and depressed demand this oversupply is far from proof the good days will be back again being most of it is being produced at a loss or at cost within the North American realm. ",
"The more oil we drill today the less there will be to drill tomorrow when we're going to really need it and sooner or later with such a highly leveraged economy something has got to give. ",
"Whether good and/or bad, it's an omen.",
"\n\nClick here to recommend this post on progressivebloggers.ca and help other people find this information.",
"\n\nRichard Fantin is a self-taught software developer who has mostly throughout his career focused on financial applications and high frequency trading. ",
"He currently works for eQube gaming systems.",
"\n\nNazayh Zanidean is a Project Coordinator for a mid-sized construction contractor in Calgary, Alberta. ",
"He enjoys writing as a hobby on topics that include foreign policy, international human rights, security and systemic media bias.",
"\n\n2 comments:\n\nThis reminds me, Richard, of a remark Joe Oliver once let slip in insisting that Canada needed to get bitumen to \"tidewater\" as quickly as possible. ",
"Oliver, perhaps rashly, opined that this pipeline/supertanker project needed to get up and running very soon or else we faced the prospect of Athabasca bitumen becoming a \"stranded asset.\"",
"\n\nThat mentality was given effect in the Herculean efforts of the Harper government to strip Canada of its environmental, marine navigation and fisheries protections right up to and including the wholesale corruption of the National Energy Board and its transformation into an eco-kangaroo tribunal.",
"\n\nEven if they had gotten it to tidewater nothing would have changed, bitumen isn't oil and the idea we can sell it at the market price of oil is an unabashed lie.",
"\n\nThe tidewater argument was really nothing more than a continuation of the \"next big thing argument\" which Alberta had been engaging in, first regarding the price of oil. \"",
"We need $40\" \"Now we need $70\" \"Now we need $90\" \"Now we need $100\" \"Now we need $120\" \"Of shit oil raising infinitly is impossible.. err.. we need tidewater!\". ",
"Why now? ",
"Because oil price peaked, and then declined and the \"next big thing\" of $150 / barrel just isn't affordable or sustainable, and subsequently isn't believable."
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[
"Q:\n\nloop through ditto calls in MODx\n\nI use ditto to show the last entries of a specific parent. ",
"For this I am using the following call:\n[!",
"Ditto? &",
"parents=`5` &orderBy=`createdon DESC` &display=`3`\n\n&total=`4` &extenders=`summary` &tpl=`tpl_news` &truncLen=`160` &truncOffset=`20` !]",
"\n\nI now want my website to continuously loop through a specific range of parent ids and change the parents parameter every other second.",
"\nThe result should be a \"slideshow\" of the content called by the ditto calls.",
"\nNo special effects, no design (except the one provided by the template).",
"\nIs there an easy way to manage this?",
"\nSolution:\nGot it to work!",
"\nI created this resource:\n<div id=\"newsticker_vn\">[!Ditto? &",
"parents=`6` &orderBy=`createdon DESC` &display=`1`<br />&total=`4` &extenders=`summary` &tpl=`tpl_news` &truncLen=`160` &truncOffset=`20` !]",
"</div>\n<div id=\"newsticker_hp\">[!Ditto? &",
"parents=`5` &orderBy=`createdon DESC` &display=`1`<br />&total=`4` &extenders=`summary` &tpl=`tpl_news` &truncLen=`160` &truncOffset=`20` !]",
"</div>\n<div id=\"newsticker_ks\">[!Ditto? &",
"parents=`7` &orderBy=`createdon DESC` &display=`1`<br />&total=`4` &extenders=`summary` &tpl=`tpl_news` &truncLen=`160` &truncOffset=`20` !]",
"</div>\n\nand use this script to get the desired ditto calls and loop them:\n<div id=\"newsticker\"></div>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n function execute() {\n $( \"#newsticker\" ).load(\"[~348~] #newsticker_vn\").delay( 300 ).fadeIn( \"slow\" ).delay( 6000 ).fadeOut( \"slow\",execute2 );\n }\n function execute2() {\n $( \"#newsticker\" ).load(\"[~348~] #newsticker_ks\").delay( 300 ).fadeIn( \"slow\" ).delay( 6000 ).fadeOut( \"slow\",execute3 );\n }\n function execute3() {\n $( \"#newsticker\" ).load(\"[~348~] #newsticker_hp\").delay( 300 ).fadeIn( \"slow\" ).delay( 6000 ).fadeOut( \"slow\",execute );\n }\n execute();\n</script>\n\nI tried doing all steps in one function but for some reason it was showing every ditto call three times before rotating, no idea why.",
"\nThank you for your help!",
"\n\nA:\n\nUnless I don't understand what you are trying to do, it's not possible without changing your template(also assuming that your template doesn't support the loop).",
"\nFrom your explanation it seems like you what some sort of ajax functionality. ",
"You will need 2 resources setup in the manager. ",
"\n\nYour page using whatever template you have\nAnother page where you get the content for the first page from\n\nFirst page is your regular page. ",
"Second is a page that uses a \"blank\" template and only has a Ditto call that is randomized. ",
"You will have to modify the first template to load the second page using some ajax code.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany in April 1945, just after the camp was liberated by the army of General George S. Patton. ",
"Eric Schwab/AFP/ Getty Images\n\nIf caught, the low-level Nazis believed to still be alive won't face individual charges as their superiors did. ",
"Still, they would be eligible to face charges for crimes against humanity for their role as guards or officials at the concentration camps the Nazis maintained during World War II. ",
"At least one person alive will face a list of specific charges if he can be found, however. ",
"This man is the most prized of all those the Simon Wiesenthal Center seeks.",
"\n\nAribert Heim, an Austrian-born medic who served as a doctor at concentration camps during the war, has a bounty of $448,000 on his head. ",
"Heim, who's now 93 (if he's still alive), earned the grim nickname \"Doctor Death\" for experiments he carried out at the camps at Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Mauthausen. ",
"It was here that he performed unnecessary surgery, such as amputations, on prisoners without anesthesia. ",
"Camp survivors say Heim was fond of watching inmates into whose hearts he injected gasoline, water or poison to see how long it would take them to die. ",
"The flesh of the head of one man who endured such an injection was later boiled off and his skull used a paperweight. ",
"As a gift for a camp commandant, Heim is reported to have fashioned seat coverings out of the skin of inmates. ",
"In all, Heim is believed to have personally murdered around 300 people.",
"\n\n\n\nHeim was arrested once, shortly after World War II. ",
"He was released, however, and actually practiced medicine in Germany for a time. ",
"When his name came up again and again in interviews with Holocaust survivors, though, a warrant was filled out for his arrest. ",
"He escaped the day before police showed up at his door in 1962 [source: Reuters]. ",
"Aribert Heim once again came close to capture in 2005. ",
"Police scoured Spain for him after a report from an Israeli man who said he'd met a person who looked like Heim in Ibiza, off the coast of Spain. ",
"Authorities have now focused their sights on San Carlos de Bariloche, a ski resort town in Argentina.",
"\n\nA 2007 memoir by Israeli commando Danny Baz recounts a story of his own participation in the capture and murder of Heim in 1982. ",
"But in 2009, the New York Times reported the discovery of a briefcase in Cairo that contained documents suggesting that Heim had lived in Egypt under the name Tarek Hussein Farid and died there in 1992. ",
"However, the Wiesenthal Center still believes that Aribert Heim is alive today. ",
"It dismisses a report by his family that he died in 1993 of cancer. ",
"The investigators have good reason to continue searching for Heim.",
"\n\nA bank account in his name containing more than $1 million could be claimed by his family if he is, in fact, dead. ",
"His heirs have made no such claim on the money. ",
"His son set up a phone line in Heim's name in Denmark in 2005, where the doctor is believed to have fled after his near capture in Spain [source: Fuchs]. ",
"In 2001, a family lawyer filed a request for a tax refund in Germany for Heim, claiming the man was living abroad at the time [source: Carroll, Goni]. ",
"And his daughter from his first marriage lives just across the border from San Carlos de Bariloche, in Chile.",
"\n\nAll of the evidence of Heim's continued existence is circumstantial, yet it's enough for those at the Simon Wiesenthal Center. ",
"They will continue to hunt Heim and other Nazis during Operation Last Chance, without pity and regardless of what age these men may now be. \"",
"The passage of time in no way diminishes the crimes committed,\" Zuroff says [source: Wiesenthal Center].",
"\n\nFor more information on World War II and other related topics, visit the next page."
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[
"Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence.",
"\nDespite the assumed prevalence of risk-taking behavior in adolescence, the laboratory evidence of risk taking remains scarce, and the individual variation poorly understood. ",
"Drawing from neuroscience studies, we tested whether risk and reward orientation are influenced by the perspective that adolescents take when making risky decisions. ",
"Perspective taking was manipulated by cuing participants prior to each choice whether the decision was made for \"self,\" or from the perspective of an \"other\" (the experimenter in Experiment 1; a hypothetical peer in Experiment 2). ",
"In Experiment 1, we show a developmental decrease in risk-taking behavior across different stages of adolescence. ",
"In addition, all age groups made fewer risky choices for the experimenter, but the difference between self and other was larger in early adolescence. ",
"In Experiment 2, we show that high sensation-seeking (SS) adolescents make more risky choices than low SS adolescents, but both groups make a similar differentiation for other individuals (low risk-taking or high risk-taking peers). ",
"Together, the results show that younger adolescents and high SS adolescents make more risky choices for themselves, but can appreciate that others may make fewer risky choices. ",
"The developmental change toward more rational decisions versus emotional, impulsive decisions may reflect, in part, more efficient integration of others' perspectives into one's decision making. ",
"These developmental results are discussed regarding brain systems important for risk taking and perspective taking."
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[
"Better culture, better CX\n\nI’ve always liked history and interesting conversations. ",
"This was enough to make “history teacher” feature prominently on my list of dream jobs up until 10th grade. ",
"It never happened, but teaching remained as something I always wanted to try.",
"\n\nNeedless to say, when the opportunity arose to teach a module of the Intelligent Marketing course at Kürt Academy, I said yes. ",
"Not quite history teaching, but close enough.",
"\n\nI prepared a lot of content for the 4-hour slot. ",
"A lot. ",
"I had done a number of speeches and presentations before, but it turns out a half-day session is a very different format. ",
"In hindsight, leaving complex omnichannel customer journey visualizations to the very end was no masterstroke. ",
"The key takeaway for planning something like this never gets old: when in doubt, cover less topics with more interactive exercises.",
"\n\nIn spite of the information overload, the topic was interesting: customer experience boost through culture change. ",
"The first time I worked on customer experience topics in a large organization was at Vodafone back in 2012. ",
"I remember the difficulty of isolating what exactly a customer experience team should work on and more fundamentally, whether such a team is needed at all. ",
"Not much has changed since then.",
"\n\nIn essence, customer experience is the sum total of everything a customer perceives in connection to a certain brand / product / company across all touchpoints over time.",
"\n\nIf everything is part of customer experience, it can be challenging to split it out from areas such as marketing, product development, systems, etc. ",
"A customer centric mindset needs to pervade all organizations, but whether this means CX teams, CX evangelists within teams or simply a set of rules and customs within the business to help guide everyone is up for discussion. ",
"Which is where culture comes in. ",
"Culture is defined by how people think and act within a unit and is exceedingly difficult to change.",
"\n\nA good first step is knowing what needs to change, otherwise progress will be difficult to gauge. ",
"Quantitative tracking needs to be put in place for both customer experience performance and culture change. ",
"If hard data is available, great, if not, go for the good old surveys — imperfect but typically imperfect in a consistent way, which allows for delta to be measured over time.",
"\n\nLet me close out by sharing some of the pitfalls of running successful customer experience programs:\n\nN=1: customer centricity is important but needs structure. ",
"Getting hung up on isolated feedback or frontline experiences without context can drive efforts off track\n\nNo budget: customer experience mindset needs to flow into budget allocation, otherwise it will remain on the sidelines with no impact on how the business is run day-to-day\n\nNo link to commercial impact: over time, the link between customer experience metrics and commercial metrics needs to be clear and transparent across the business. ",
"The impacted business KPIs can be long term (think churn reduction, life time value) but cannot be missing. ",
"When push comes to shove, commercial initiatives tend to survive, others not so much\n\nAvoid these and you have a better chance of making sure happy customers truly mean a more successful business. ",
"And when it comes to culture change, remember: the key is in the nitty gritty details and above all, consistency."
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[
"[Historical and current concept of benign intracranial hypertension].",
"\nThe concepts of serous meningitis, pseudotumour cerebri, hypertensive meningeal state and otitic hydrocephalus have not been considered historically as synonyms nor can they be superimposed on what is currently known as Benign Intracranial Hypertension (BIH). ",
"BIH is a syndrome of intracranial hypertension with no clinical, radiological or analytical evidence for the existence of focal or general neurological lesions or hydrocephalus, and which has a self-limiting \"benign\" development. ",
"At present, the diagnostic criteria usually accepted are: 1. ",
"Symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension. ",
"2. ",
"Absence of focal neurological symptoms and signs. ",
"3. ",
"Absence of radiologically verified cerebral lesion. ",
"4. ",
"C.S.F. of normal composition and high pressure. ",
"The requirement of other criteria for the diagnosis of BIH, such as angiography, to eliminate the possibility of thrombosis of venous sinuses, or continuous monitoring of C.S.F. pressure, is controversial."
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"MRI of rectal disorders.",
"\nThe objective of this pictorial essay is to provide a review of the diseases involving the rectal wall with an emphasis on the key clinical and radiologic differentiating features. ",
"A wide spectrum of disease processes can involve the rectum in adults. ",
"MRI is the technique of choice in the definitive diagnosis of these disease conditions, mainly because of its superior tissue contrast differentiation."
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"About researchpapers.date.",
"\n\nWhy Use researchpapers.date?",
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[
"(live-pack-name \"emacs-live-bindings-pack\")\n(live-pack-version (live-version)) ; Keep in sync with Emacs Live\n(live-pack-description \"A carefully selected (and opinionated) set of bindings.\")",
"\n"
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[
"The Complete Short Stories\n\nHardcover | June 5, 2012\n\nPricing and Purchase Info\n\n$30.72 online\n\n$34.00list pricesave 9%\n\nEarn 154 plum® points\n\nIn stock online\n\nShips free on orders over $25\n\nNot available in stores\n\nabout\n\nThese sixty satirical, rollicking, uproarious tales by the greatest yarn-spinner in our literary history are as fresh and vivid as ever more than a century after their author’s death.",
"Mark Twain’s famous novels Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn have long been hailed as major achievements, but the father of American literature also made his mark as a master of the humorous short story. ",
"All the tales he wrote over the course of his lengthy career are gathered here, including such immortal classics as “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” “The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg,\" “The Diary of Adam and Eve,” and “The $30,000 Bequest.” ",
"Twain’s inimitable wit, his nimble plotting, and his unerring insight into human nature are on full display in these wonderfully entertaining stories.",
"\n\nAbout The Author\n\nMARK TWAIN was born in Missouri in 1835 and died in Connecticut in 1910.",
"\n\nEducational/Developmental Value:\n\nDurability:\n\nHours of Play:\n\nThank you. ",
"Your review has been submitted and will appear here shortly.",
"\n\nReviews\n\nExtra Content\n\nTable of Contents\n\nThe Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyTheStory of the Bad Little BoyCannibalism in the CarsA Day at NiagaraLegend of the Capitoline VenusJournalism in TennesseeA Curious DreamThe Facts in the Great Beef ContractHow I Edited an Agricultural PaperA Medieval RomanceMy WatchPolitical EconomyScience vs. LuckThe Story of the Good Little BoyBuck Fanshaw’s FuneralTheStory of the Old RamTom QuartzA TrialThe Trials of Simon EricksonA True StoryExperience of the McWilliamses with Membranous CroupSome Learned Fables for Good Old Boys and GirlsThe Canvasser’s TaleThe Loves of Alonzo Fitz Clarence and Rosannah Ethelton Edward Mills and George Benton: ATaleThe Man Who Put Up at Gadsby’sMrs. ",
"McWilliams and the LightningWhat Stumped the BluejaysA Curious ExperienceThe Invalid’s StoryThe McWilliamses and the Burglar AlarmThe Stolen White ElephantA Burning BrandA Dying Man’s ConfessionThe Professor’s YarnA Ghost StoryLuckPlayingCourierThe Californian’s TaleThe Diary of Adam and EveThe Esquimau Maiden’s RomanceIs He Living or Is He Dead?The £1,000,000 Bank-NoteCecil Rhodes and the SharkThe Joke That Made Ed’s FortuneA Story Without an EndThe Man That Corrupted HadleyburgThe Death DiskTwo Little TalesThe Belated Russian PassportA Double-Barreled Detective StoryThe Five Boons of LifeWas It Heaven? ",
"Or Hell?A Dog’s TaleThe $30,000 BequestA Horse’s TaleHunting the Deceitful TurkeyExtract from Captain Stormfield’s Visit to HeavenA FableThe Mysterious Stranger"
] |
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0.0020330052357167006,
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0.019483324140310287
] | 0.00791 | 10 |
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