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null | Sawang is a subdistrict located in North Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia.
The capital of the Sawang subdistrict is located in the eponymous village of Sawang. The population of Sawang subdistrict based on the 2017 Population Census is around 38,396 inhabitants and the area of the sub-district is approximately 384.65 km2.
Geography
Sawang is bordered to the east by the Subdistrict of Nisam Antara and Subdistrict of Banda Baro, to the west by Bener Meriah Regency, to the south by Bireuen and Bener Meriah Regency, and to the north by the Subdistrict of Muara Batu.
Administration
Administration and governance in Sawang Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency is held by a Camat. The following is a list of Camat's who have led subdistrict Sawang, North Aceh Regency.
Villages in Sawang
Sawang Subdistrict divided into 2 settlements or Mukim, namely South Sawang and North Sawang Settlements (Kemukiman) | 47547b2f-7b6e-49e8-9d1d-1e23ecd78f20 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boechera_missouriensis"} | Species of flowering plant
Boechera missouriensis, commonly called Missouri rockcress, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, where it has a highly fragmented range localized in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, the Interior Highlands, and the Southeast. Its natural habitat is typically on rocky or sandy woodlands and bluffs, in areas of acidic soil. It is generally uncommon throughout most of its range, with exception for the Interior Highlands region.
Boechera missouriensis is an erect biennial. It produces racemes of small creamy-white flowers in the spring. It bears a resemblance to more widespread Boechera laevigata, from which Boechera missouriensis can be distinguished by the following characters: Stem leaves dense, erect, and overlapping, basal leaves persistent and pinnately lobed, petals about twice as long as sepals, and stems often red-tinged. | 691f3b38-f8b8-426f-bc36-e7d91c438202 |
null | American politician
Rufus E. (Pete) Straughter (born May 4, 1937) is an American politician. He is a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 51st District, being first elected in 1994. He is a member of the Democratic party. | 5a61fc5d-f0d1-4b61-92e7-42cafea682e1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_European_Wrestling_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Freestyle_58_kg"} | Wrestling competitions
The women's freestyle 58 kg is a competition featured at the 2014 European Wrestling Championships, and was held in Vantaa, Finland on 1 April 2014.
Medalists
Results
Legend
Bracket
Repechage | c482f49a-a575-46d1-9e84-0d09df37fb25 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anachemmis"} | Genus of spiders
Anachemmis is a genus of North American false wolf spiders that was first described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1919. It was briefly synonymized with Titiotus, but was reconfirmed as its own distinct genus in 1999.
Species
As of September 2019[update] it contains five species, found in Mexico and the United States:
Formerly included | 1d7e0a72-5bd3-4ccb-a7e2-b67fc301ba8d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malechowo,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County"} | Village in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Malechowo [malɛˈxɔvɔ] (German: Malchowbrück) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustronie Morskie, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Ustronie Morskie, 12 km (7 mi) east of Kołobrzeg, and 114 km (71 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. | b2909505-e667-4c75-81f9-afe5d8d493d9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCr%C3%BCn"} | Place in Sivas, Turkey
Gürün is a town and a district of Sivas Province of Turkey. The mayor is Nami Çiftçi (MHP).
History
Toponymy
The current name Gürün is most probably a corruption of the ancient name Tegarama, a city in Anatolia during the Bronze Age.[citation needed] In Armenian, the town is known as Gurin or Gyurin (Armenian: Կիւրին). In Kurdish the locality is known as Girîn.
Ancient history
The city was inhabited during the Old Assyrian Kingdom and Hittite Empire. Ancient rock caves dating to 2000 BC are located in the district. The caves would have been in use, possibly as a kind of apartment complex, during the Hittite period. The caves were also "used as a cold storage area, woodshed and animal feed storage area by local people until a short time ago", and are now open to visitors. Nami Çiftçi, the town's mayor, told Daily Sabah that they "don't have a precise date determined by expert engineers or by people who are well-versed in this field, so I invite our historians to Gürün. Come, bring your knowledge and your tools, study these caves so that we can have the data regarding their age, and we can announce it to the world".
Modern history
During the Armenian Genocide, a sizable portion of the city's Armenian population was deported and killed. According to the memoir Goodbye, Antoura, during the pre-genocide years the Armenian population had achieved a level of stability in Gürün, with at least one Armenian family owning large swathes of land and orchards. In 1915, the Ottoman government appropriated these lands, and the Armenian population was deported southward and westward into the Syrian desert, eventually reaching the cities of Homs and Hama.
A student association of Armenians from Gürün was founded in Boston in 1899, which later became the Compatriotic Union of Gurin. The union's initial purpose was to assist survivors of the genocide and their families, and it established chapters across the world. The compatriotic union published two periodicals, one from 1930 to 1933 in New York and another from 1976 to 1981 in New Jersey, as well as a book titled Badmakirk' Gurini ("History Book of Gurin", 1974, Beirut). The union cooperated with Armenians from Gürün in Yerevan to found the village of Nor Kyurin in Soviet Armenia. The organization was dissolved in the late 20th century, as the last Armenians born in Gürün died of old age.
In September 2018, it was announced that a dilapidated Armenian church in Gürün would be renovated.
Demographics
In his seyahatname, Evliya Çelebi claimed that the town's population then was wholly made up of Turkomans. In 1914, there were 13,874 Armenians living in the kaza of Gürün, which contained five villages that were exclusively Armenian and a few scattered settlements. Gürün, the kaza's seat, had 12,168 residents, 8,406 of whom were Armenian.
Notable people | bb16ba8b-6050-4318-a30f-dc9ab5f15e54 |
null | The African Centre for Gene Technologies (ACGT) (Pretoria) is located on the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria campus, and was established by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the University of Pretoria, the University of the Witwatersrand, the University of Johannesburg and the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). The aim is to create a collaborative network of excellence in advanced biotechnology, with specific focus on the "-omics".
History
ACGT is a product of the Southern Education and Research Alliance (SERA) and was established in 2001 as the SERA biotechnology task team. ACGT has since grown into a regional initiative. | c2e72483-6d96-43c3-a072-61ce6ecba28d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alique"} | Place in Castile-La Mancha, Spain
Alique is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 36 inhabitants. | 51fddb07-e7bb-4693-a8a5-cb105f17693a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick_Girl_(Masters_of_Horror)"} | 10th episode of the 1st season of Masters of Horror
"Sick Girl" is the 10th episode of the first season of Masters of Horror. It originally aired in North America on January 13, 2006. It was directed by Lucky McKee and based on a story written by McKee and Sean Hood.
Plot
Ida Teeter (Angela Bettis) is a shy entomologist who has a wide variety of insects all over her home, which caused her girlfriend to break up with her. Ida is introduced to the beautiful and strange girl Misty Falls (Erin Brown), and is drawn to her. A mysterious package arrives for Ida one day, containing a large unidentifiable mantis-like insect. Landlady Lana Beasley is concerned with Ida's "pets" and the effect that may be laid upon her ten-year-old granddaughter Betty, who likes to disguise herself as a ladybug. Betty in turn looks up to Ida, much to Beasley's dismay, and Ida promises to keep the insects under check. Later that night, she examines the new insect, which she fondly names "Mick", and informs her friend Max of the creature. Meanwhile, "Mick" escapes from his tank and attacks Beasley's pet dog, consuming the animal.
The next day, Ida asks Misty out. They go on a date, and Misty asks if they can watch a movie about "Texas Pixies" on Ida's DVD player, which Ida accepts. Misty is introduced to Betty and the apartment, though Ida keeps her away from the bedroom where all her insects are hidden. The two get closer until interrupted by Max. Ida returns to find Misty asleep on the couch. She returns with a pillow (that has Mick inside) to give to Misty. In gratitude for Ida allowing her to stay, Misty returns the favor by seducing Ida. Unknowingly, Mick's proboscis nips Misty's ear, which Misty dismisses.
The next morning, Ida awakens to find that Misty has discovered her secret bug stash and has a great interest in bugs. They spend more time together, although Misty becomes weak and begins displaying unusual tendencies. Misty later comes across the pillow with Mick in it, and discovers that she has strange urges to lie next to it; the insect invades her much-chewed and saliva-doused ear with its proboscis. Ida receives an almost apologetic letter from a mysterious source, which tells her that the insect could be dangerous. At home, she is pulled into a loving kiss by Misty right in front of Beasley and Betty. Disgusted, Beasley gives Ida and Misty one week to move out. Ida is horrified by Misty's strange behavior and crude remarks. Enraged, Misty yells at Ida and suddenly passes out.
Misty awakens and explains about a dream where she was a fairy and encountered Mick, who forced its proboscis into her navel, drawing blood and inserting "his juices" into her. Max calls Ida, and as she leaves, Ida notices how Misty has placed the pillow between her legs. When she arrives, Max explains the insect: It is known to inhabit the nests of birds and other small animals, where it behaves like a parasite, inserting its proboscis and drinking the animal's blood, while invading the host's reproductive DNA and making them carry out the insect's young. Ida is horrified to learn that Misty may have been bitten by Mick.
Mick inseminates Misty during another sexual intercourse. Beasley encounters Misty, who morphs two insectoid eyes and multiple tendrils, and the terrified Beasley falls down the stairway to her death. Ida arrives home to witness medics hauling away the corpse of Beasley, and Betty crying. Ida calls Max over and is convinced that the insect has infected Misty, who then reveals her own secret: Her father, Professor Malcolm Wolf and Ida's former tutor, sent the insect to Ida so it would bite her and make her repulsive to Misty, who has long been in love with Ida. Misty then undergoes metamorphosis into a bug-human monster. Responding to Ida's screams, Max breaks into the apartment, only to be killed by Misty. Mick scurries to the terrified Ida and inserts its proboscis into her ear, initiating the same insemination process with her.
Some time later, Ida and Misty are sitting with large pregnant bellies, joking about their condition, as Mick continues to inseminate them through their ears.
DVD and Blu-ray
The DVD was released by Anchor Bay Entertainment on June 27, 2006. The episode was the tenth episode and the sixth to be released on DVD. The episode appears on the second volume of the Blu-ray compilation of the series. | 05df20ed-161b-4d88-a316-f30c8ae568e0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupithecia_kobayashii"} | Species of moth
Eupithecia kobayashii is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Russia, Japan and Korea.
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The ground colour of the wings is dark grey brown. | 3e1f7914-6dfd-4d54-a159-f26afb0d1b3c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_(1986_film)"} | 1986 film by Roman Polanski
Pirates is a 1986 adventure comedy film written by Gérard Brach, John Brownjohn, and Roman Polanski and directed by Polanski. It was inspired by Polanski's love of classic pirate films, as well as Disneyland's Pirates of the Caribbean attraction. Polanski began planning the film in 1976 as a follow up to the iconic Chinatown, but production was delayed several times due to lack of funding and Polanski's fleeing the United States to avoid sentencing for his confessed rape of a minor.
It was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival, and was a box-office bomb, though the costume design was nominated for an Academy Award.
Plot
In 1659, an infamous English pirate Captain Red, and his cabin boy Jean-Baptiste, nicknamed "Frog", are lost on a raft without supplies in the ocean. They are picked up by the galleon Neptune and thrown into the brig, where they meet the ship's cook Boomako. Boomako has been imprisoned after being caught attempting to steal a golden Aztec throne that is being secretly transported in the hold. Captain Red becomes obsessed with capturing the throne for himself. Meanwhile, Frog falls in love with Maria Dolores, the niece of Maracaibo's governor, who is travelling on the Neptune as a passenger.
Captain Linares dies and the command of the ship is taken over by his ruthless and ambitious first mate, lieutenant Don Alfonso de la Torre who is also in love with Maria Dolores, though she does not reciprocate his feelings. Red and Frog, put to work along with Neptune's crew, make an attempt at instigating a mutiny. In response, Don Alfonso has them sentenced to death along with a few other mutineers. Captain Red launches an open rebellion, which proves successful.
Putting himself in command of the Neptune, Captain Red directs the ship to a pirate cove, led by his old associate Dutch. Meeting his former crewmates, Captain Red throws a party and imprisons Don Alfonso and his officers. However, one of Dutch's hostages releases them while the pirates are partying. Don Alfonso and his men return to the Neptune and retake the ship, sailing away with the golden throne in the morning. Using the money he has gained from Dutch, Captain Red purchases an old brig and pursues the Neptune to Maracaibo.
At night, Captain Red, Frog, and Boomako sneak into the governor's residence with Maria Dolores as their hostage. Red plans to use her as a bargaining chip and force her wealthy uncle to exchange her for the golden throne. Although the governor proves to be unsympathetic for his niece's fate, he becomes more cooperative after Captain Red tortures him instead, finding out that he is suffering from gout. As Red demands, the governor provides him with a document that entitles him to confiscate the golden throne, posing as the governor's secret messenger. However, Red and Frog fail to carry the throne out of the bay and are later captured by Don Alfonso, who puts them in prison. Maria Dolores visits them in their cell. She reveals her feelings toward Jean-Baptiste as the two embrace and share a kiss. Maria Dolores returns to the Neptune, which soon sets off to Spain again, with Don Alfonso promoted to captain.
The pirates, informed by Boomako of what has happened, assault the prison the following night, releasing Red and Frog. Captain Red pursues the Neptune and launches an assault on the galleon. Red sinks his own ship, making retreat impossible, and secretly orders Boomako to prepare a boat in order to make off with the golden throne. In the heat of battle, Frog finds Maria Dolores and duels with Don Alfonso over her. However, in the end, he remains loyal to Captain Red, abandoning the fight with Don Alfonso in order to aid his leader in capturing the throne. With the Neptune burning and beyond repair, her remaining crew and passengers flee on the boat, while Red, Frog, and Boomako make off in one of their own with the golden throne in their possession. With Maria Dolores out of his reach now, a furious Frog throws insults at Don Alfonso, who tries to shoot him in retaliation. However, Maria Dolores intervenes desperately, disrupting his aim, and Boomako is shot dead instead. Red and Frog then leave the scene, abandoning their surviving crewmates in the water.
Cast
Development
Riding on the success of the highly acclaimed Chinatown, Roman Polanski began to write a screenplay for a swashbuckling adventure film called Pirates alongside his regular collaborator, Gerard Brach.
"I feel like doing something entertaining", he said in 1976. "I feel like doing something I would like to see. I'm a great customer of Disneyland. Everytime I go on the pirates' ride I think I would like to do a film."
Polanski recalled that at the time "movies were very much loaded with messages and the desire to educate. Pirates was somehow a reaction to that", he said later. "I think the young audience will enjoy it more than the adults, and that's really what I intended."
Originally, Polanski intended Jack Nicholson to play the central role of Captain Thomas Bartholomew Red, a grizzled old pirate, and Polanski himself would play Red's sidekick. Then complications arose partially due to the enormous fees Nicholson was demanding. (According to Polanski, when Nicholson was asked what exactly he wanted, he replied, "I want more.")
Polanski also wanted Isabelle Adjani to play the female lead. When production was postponed, he made The Tenant instead, which he rewrote for Adjani. In 1976, he said he aimed to make Pirates the following year in England and Malta and that he would act in the film but only play a small role.
However, production was put back even further after Polanski was arrested in California in 1977 on charges including rape by use of drugs of a minor Polanski fled the United States to avoid sentencing.
While in France, Polanski made Tess. In September 1980 he announced he had signed a deal with Filmways to make Pirates. In October Arnon Milchan announced he would produce the film, which would be shot in Tel Aviv the following year at a budget of $24 million. Milchan would build a studio there at a cost of $2.5 million, which would have a marine tank. The film would have no major names, as all the money would go into special effects and the set. Polanski called the film "a comedy adventure, in the style of 'Treasure Island' or that Disneyland pirate ride, the kind of thing you dream of as a child." Co-writer Brach called it "a classical, stereotypical story, on which I worked very hard in order not to do something foolish."
Polanski's legal issues meant the film could not be made in the US. He said:
The people who finance films don't care what your personal problems are, your image, whatever. They're interested in figures. They look them up the same way an insurance company does. And they know that if they spend $5 million or $6 million, $10 million on a film by me, their risk is quite limited. But once you have a subject complicated, more ambitious, like Pirates, even if you have a delightful script and great enthusiasm, even if you promise them heaven, they are afraid. That has nothing to do with my legal problems in America. What do they care for it? Do you think that they have a moral streak in them, that they really hesitate?
Tarak Ben Ammar
Both Filmways and Milchan ultimately dropped out. Production restarted later in Paris, this time with a different production company, Carthago Films, and a new producer, Tarak Ben Ammar, who had pioneered Tunisia as a filming location.
In May 1983, Universal Studios agreed in a memo to provide two-thirds of the budget of Pirates, then estimated at $28 million. Six months later there was a studio shake up and Universal pulled out. By this stage Ben Ammar had already invested $8 million. He could not find a new distributor.
As late as January 1984 Polanski still hoped to cast Jack Nicholson. Nastassja Kinski, who had been in Polanski's Tess, was going to be the female lead.
Two months before production began, Dino de Laurentiis, who would release the film in Europe, arranged a deal with MGM/UA worth $9.5 million. Ben Ammar raised the additional funding from three other banks.
"I really feel like making a film for a young audience", said Polanski shortly before filming. "Gerard and I have got a great script. It's exciting and it's funny and I expect to have a wonderful time making it. We're using the stereotypes and cliches of old pirate movies and books such as Treasure Island to explain the whole mythology so dear to kids."
By February 1984 Michael Caine was attached as the lead. By April Caine was out and Rob Lowe was being discussed as his sidekick. Eventually Walter Matthau agreed to play the lead and Cris Campion, a French rock drummer, signed on as his sidekick.
"I didn't like the script", said Matthau. "I didn't understand the script. First it was the ship against the pirates, then the pirates against the ship, then the ship against the pirates. I didn't think it was funny or adventurous or anything. And the thought of swimming and climbing and duelling on one leg for five or six months in Tunisia didn't appeal to me. It was my youngest son Charlie who changed my mind. He said, 'You gotta take it, Poppa. You'll get to work with Roman Polanski, one of the great directors today. It's an open-air part that could change your career."
Filming
Filming began in Tunisia in November 1984.
By the time shooting began the budget had blown out to $40 million – Matthau and Polanski each commanded $1 million and the galleon built for the film cost $7–8 million, with $10 million spent on constructing two sound stages.
The full scale galleon was built in a shipyard in the port of Port El Kantaoui situated at the city of Sousse, Tunisia, adjacent to the Tarak Ben Ammar Studios, which had been constructed exclusively for this production. An accurate replica above the waterline, but sporting a steel hull and a 400 HP auxiliary engine, the Neptune was and still is entered into the Tunisian naval registry, and is currently a tourist attraction in the port of Genoa, where its interior can be visited for a 6 euro fee. The galleon was not finished until 21 April 1985, five months later than intended, and ran into a storm.
Filming was extremely problematic, the shoot cursed by poor weather and a number of accidents.
"Another producer might have torn his hair out by now, or developed an ulcer or swallowed lots of tranquilizers", said Ben Ammar during the shoot. "But it's only a movie... Sure it's important to me that Pirates be a hit, but it's also important that by building the boat in this country, where unemployment stands at around 20 percent, I gave 2,400 people work for two years. Yes, Polanski does seem to be disaster-prone, but his talent is so great that wonderful actors like Matthau and the top European technicians all wanted to work here with him. Pirates is giving my staff lessons in filmmaking money couldn't buy."
"I find Polanski riveting and fascinating", said Matthau. "He's like an orchestra conductor. He gives you a sound, but you play it as you want. If you get inspired, he leaves you alone. This is an extreme example, but if you could get a black cat to jump onto your neck, he'd put it in the movie."
Ammar and fellow producer Thom Mount were unhappy with the involvement of MGM/UA and eventually raised the funds to buy them out of the film. Cannon Films agreed to distribute.
Accusations against Roman Polanski
On 14 May 2010, actress Charlotte Lewis and her attorney Gloria Allred accused director Roman Polanski of predatory sexual conduct against her when she was 16 years old, claiming that Polanski insisted that she sleep with him in return for casting her in Pirates.
Release and reception
The film opened the 1986 Cannes Film Festival.
The film's original estimated budget, while Polanski was aligned with Paramount on the picture, was $15 million, but the final budget is estimated to have been US$40 million. The reported gross box office revenues in the United States was $1.64 million and $6.3 million worldwide.
Cannon Films outbid outside film distributors Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and De Laurentiis Entertainment Group to serve as the American distributor of the film.
"We make mistakes", said Globus of Cannon. "Pirates was one of them. . . . We will lose $1 million or $2 million. . . . It hurts. It teaches us a very big lesson that we should not even take for distribution a picture which we don't have all the rights."
"For character and atmosphere I would give it four stars", said Matthau. "I would not give it four stars for plot and action. I will say that Polanski is a genius for making an atmosphere seem real. Most films have a counterfeit quality to them."
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 27% approval rating based on eleven reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
Colin Greenland reviewed Pirates for White Dwarf #85, and stated that "Polanski being Polanski has made everything look so disgusting and filthy and diseased it's also too realistic, if anything. There's a bit where the desperado duo are forced to eat a boiled rat – oh you've heard about that bit, have you?"
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design. | a0a13c9d-f67c-4ba7-aba8-f18817456b37 |
null | English footballer
Ernest Matthews (born 8 November 1912, date of death unknown) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Bury and Sheffield Wednesday.
After joining from Kibblesworth Welfare, Matthews was the leading goalscorer for Bury for his two seasons with the club, and the third highest goalscorer in the Football League. His performances prompted Sheffield Wednesday to pay £3,700 in 1937. He spent one season with Wednesday, scoring seven goals in 16 outings, before signing for Southern League side Colchester United for £2,500 in 1938. Injury forced Matthews out of the Championship winning side, and he returned to the North East of England to play for Ashington in 1939.
Career
Born in Chester-le-Street, Matthews playing career began with nearby Kibblesworth Welfare, before he joined Football League club Bury. Between 1935 and 1937, he scored 46 goals in 73 appearances, becoming Bury's leading scorer in both the 1935–36 and 1936–37 seasons. In addition, Matthews was also the third highest goalscorer in the entire Football League.
Sheffield Wednesday signed Matthews for £3,700 in 1937. Matthews made his debut in the Second Division game with Tottenham Hotpsur on 16 September 1937, a game which Wednesday lost 3–0 at Hillsborough. He went on to make 16 appearances for the club, scoring seven goals. He played his last match on 5 March 1938, a 3–1 home defeat by Manchester United.
Southern League side Colchester United paid £2,500 for Matthews on 26 May 1938. He made a goalscoring debut for Colchester on 27 August, scoring the U's second goal in a 2–0 win over Gillingham at Layer Road. However, two weeks later, he suffered knee ligament damage, ruling him out until December. During this time, Arthur Pritchard had scored 17 goals at the rate of a goal a game, limiting Matthews' chances in the first-team. He made six league appearances for Colchester, scoring three times, before being released by the club at the end of the 1938–39 season. He then returned to the North East to play for Ashington. | 8745cb5a-54d5-4ba7-914e-6391b4855732 |
null | Burkov (Russian: Бурков) is a Russian male surname, its feminine counterpart is Burkova (Russian: Буркова). Notable people with the surname include: | 31f30631-f736-49c0-b712-ebf91ea1c672 |
null | American historian (born 1950)
Neil Asher Silberman (born June 19, 1950 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American archaeologist and historian with a special interest in biblical archaeology. He is the author of several books, including The Hidden Scrolls, The Message and the Kingdom: How Jesus and Paul Ignited a Revolution and Transformed the Ancient World (with Richard Horsley), The Bible Unearthed : Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts (with Israel Finkelstein), and Digging for God and Country. A graduate of Wesleyan University, he studied Near Eastern archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Awarded a 1991 Guggenheim Fellowship, he is a contributing editor to Archaeology and a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Cultural Property. He served as the president of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Interpretation and Presentation (ICIP) and was a member of the ICOMOS International Advisory Committee and Scientific Council from 2005-2015. In 2015 he was named a Fellow of US/ICOMOS.
With Israel Finkelstein, Silberman wrote The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts (2001) and David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition (2006). His other books on the themes of history, heritage, and contemporary society include Archaeology and Society in the 21st Century (2001); Heavenly Powers (1998); The Message and the Kingdom (1997); The Archaeology of Israel (1995); Invisible America (1995); The Hidden Scrolls (1994); A Prophet from Amongst You: The Life of Yigael Yadin (1993); Between Past and Present (1989); and Digging for God and Country (1982).
Since 1998 Silberman has been involved in the field of public heritage interpretation and presentation, working on various projects in Europe and the Middle East. From 2004 to 2007 he served as director of the Ename Center for Public Archaeology and Heritage Presentation in Belgium. In 2008 he was appointed to the faculty of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Massachusetts Amherst and became one of the founders of its Center for Heritage and Society. In 2012 he became a managing partner of Coherit Associates, an international heritage consultancy specializing in heritage policy and in public engagement programs. | 7697b3df-6020-4b70-b5fb-7bff685b4919 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papke"} | Look up Papke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Papke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: | 644700a0-d4ac-4364-8cfc-0ce99ec122fb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naeviology"} | Method of divination by observing moles or other bodily marks.
Naeviology is a method of divination which looks at the moles, scars, or other bodily marks on a person as a means of telling their future. It peaked in popularity between the 1700 and 1800s. Several scientific papers have tried to automate the process of mole reading.
In India this practice is called moleology or moleosophy. There is a related process called Chinese facial mole reading which links mole locations primarily on the face with personality traits or future life events; there are smartphone applications which claim to foretell the future using the phone's camera to survey moles. | d98b1bb6-ed28-4354-9ade-a5da077e6ad7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taenaris_schoenbergi"} | Species of butterfly
Taenaris schoenbergi is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to New Guinea.
Subspecies | ac7a815e-c3b5-4ff7-8d9d-918d98144965 |
null | In computer programming, run-time type information or run-time type identification (RTTI) is a feature of some programming languages (such as C++, Object Pascal, and Ada) that exposes information about an object's data type at runtime. Run-time type information may be available for all types or only to types that explicitly have it (as is the case with Ada). Run-time type information is a specialization of a more general concept called type introspection.
In the original C++ design, Bjarne Stroustrup did not include run-time type information, because he thought this mechanism was often misused.
Overview
In C++, RTTI can be used to do safe typecasts, using the dynamic_cast<> operator, and to manipulate type information at runtime, using the typeid operator and std::type_info class. In Object Pascal, RTTI can be used to perform safe type casts with the as operator, test the class to which an object belongs with the is operator, and manipulate type information at run time with classes contained in the RTTI unit (i.e. classes: TRttiContext, TRttiInstanceType, etc.). In Ada, objects of tagged types also store a type tag, which permits the identification of the type of these object at runtime. The in operator can be used to test, at runtime, if an object is of a specific type and may be safely converted to it.
RTTI is available only for classes that are polymorphic, which means they have at least one virtual method. In practice, this is not a limitation because base classes must have a virtual destructor to allow objects of derived classes to perform proper cleanup if they are deleted from a base pointer.
Some compilers have flags to disable RTTI. Using these flags may reduce the overall size of the application, making them especially useful when targeting systems with a limited amount of memory.
C++ – typeid
The typeid keyword is used to determine the class of an object at run time. It returns a reference to std::type_info object, which exists until the end of the program. The use of typeid, in a non-polymorphic context, is often preferred over dynamic_cast<class_type> in situations where just the class information is needed, because typeid is always a constant-time procedure, whereas dynamic_cast may need to traverse the class derivation lattice of its argument at runtime.[citation needed] Some aspects of the returned object are implementation-defined, such as std::type_info::name(), and cannot be relied on across compilers to be consistent.
Objects of class std::bad_typeid are thrown when the expression for typeid is the result of applying the unary * operator on a null pointer. Whether an exception is thrown for other null reference arguments is implementation-dependent. In other words, for the exception to be guaranteed, the expression must take the form typeid(*p) where p is any expression resulting in a null pointer.
Example
Output (exact output varies by system and compiler):
C++ – dynamic_cast and Java cast
The dynamic_cast operator in C++ is used for downcasting a reference or pointer to a more specific type in the class hierarchy. Unlike the static_cast, the target of the dynamic_cast must be a pointer or reference to class. Unlike static_cast and C-style typecast (where type check is made during compilation), a type safety check is performed at runtime. If the types are not compatible, an exception will be thrown (when dealing with references) or a null pointer will be returned (when dealing with pointers).
A Java typecast behaves similarly; if the object being cast is not actually an instance of the target type, and cannot be converted to one by a language-defined method, an instance of java.lang.ClassCastException will be thrown.
Example
Suppose some function takes an object of type A as its argument, and wishes to perform some additional operation if the object passed is an instance of B, a subclass of A. This can be accomplished using dynamic_cast as follows.
Console output:
A similar version of MyFunction can be written with pointers instead of references:
Delphi / Object Pascal
In Object Pascal, the operator is is used to check the type of a class at run time. It tests the belonging of an object to a given class, including classes of individual ancestors present in the inheritance hierarchy tree (e.g. Button1 is a TButton class that has ancestors: TWinControl → TControl → TComponent → TPersistent → TObject, where the latter is the ancestor of all classes). The operator as is used when an object needs to be treated at run time as if it belonged to an ancestor class.
The RTTI unit is used to manipulate object type information at run time. This unit contains a set of classes that allow you to: get information about an object's class and its ancestors, properties, methods and events, change property values and call methods. The following example shows the use of the RTTI module to obtain information about the class to which an object belongs, creating it, and to call its method. The example assumes that the TSubject class has been declared in a unit named SubjectUnit. | 060828f3-c0f7-41ed-bb96-407366eb0d4a |
null | Harnad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: | e7fb7ddd-9c45-4cb4-ba8e-061598485c1f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Sparks_(politician)"} | Alabama politician
Ronald D. Sparks (born October 29, 1952) is an American politician from the state of Alabama. He is the former Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries. Sparks is a member of the Democratic party, and was the Democratic candidate for Governor of Alabama in the state's 2010 gubernatorial election.
Sparks ran the state's Rural Development Agency from 2011 to 2017.
Early life, education and career
Sparks is a graduate of Fort Payne High School. His parents were divorced, and he was raised by his grandmother. While staying with his father in Merritt, Florida, in 1971, Sparks joined the United States Coast Guard and was Initially stationed in Puerto Rico, he transferred to work on the Tennessee River. He became a BM2 E5 Boatswain's mate and earned a Coast Guard Commendation Medal for his service. Following his discharge from the service, Sparks graduated from Northeast Alabama Community College in 1978.
In 1978, at the age of 24, Sparks became a County Commissioner for DeKalb County, Alabama, one of the youngest elected in the State of Alabama. He defeated a two-term incumbent. At first, Sparks could not find anyone to donate to his campaign; he sold his furniture and gun for initial funding.
Sparks returned to the private sector. In 1993, Sparks was appointed Director of the newly created DeKalb County 911 System. As director he was responsible for overseeing the construction of the headquarters office, procuring equipment, hiring and training staff, and field verifying street addresses for over 30,000 homes and businesses. Sparks was elected the President of the Alabama chapter of the National Emergency Number Association in 1998.
Department of Agriculture and Industries
In 1999, Sparks was appointed as Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, where he ran the day-to-day operations of the department. In 2002, Sparks was elected Commissioner, winning 54 out of 67 counties, and defeating his Republican opponent in the general election by a margin of 53%-47%. In that campaign, Sparks was briefly criticized for appearing in media produced by the department. However, he responded that the media in question was time-sensitive, and that the then-Commissioner had scaled back his involvement in the department's operations following his own defeat in the gubernatorial primary a few months earlier. In this campaign, Sparks became one of the rare Democrats to win the endorsement of the Alabama Farmers Federation.
During his first term as Commissioner, Sparks pushed for country-of-origin labeling for food and agricultural products, citing health problems and under-cost dumping associated with imports from certain countries. He also initiated the establishment of state laboratories for expanded testing of food and agricultural products. Sparks also led efforts to open the Cuban market to Alabama farm products, traveling to the nation and meeting with Cuban leader Fidel Castro, leading to Cuba's agreement to begin imports from Alabama.
He was re-elected in 2006 winning 62 of 67 counties During this campaign, even The Birmingham News, which had criticized Sparks four years earlier, spoke favorably of Sparks's handling of a mad cow disease scare that could have threatened the state's cattle industry. Sparks built on his 2002 margin, defeating his Republican opponent by a margin of 59%-41%, making Sparks the leading statewide candidate on the Democratic ticket.
During his second term, Sparks continued the expansion of the state lab system. When a salmonella outbreak linked to tomatoes occurred in the spring of 2008, Sparks acted to secure verification that tomatoes grown in Alabama were not suspected of contamination with the disease, and to facilitate marketing of those tomatoes as "safe."
Sparks is the 2007-08 President of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. He took over as President of the association at its annual meeting in September 2008.
Political involvement
It was rumored that Sparks would run for the Senate seat then held by Jeff Sessions, but he declined to run to avoid a primary contest with state Senator Vivian Davis Figures. Sparks backed the 2008 presidential effort of Hillary Clinton. Sparks, who is ineligible for a third term as Commissioner, was mentioned as a candidate for governor or lieutenant governor in 2010. He launched a website, sparks2010.com, in late 2008. The site promoted a Sparks candidacy in 2010, without initially specifying which office he might seek.
2010 candidacy for governor
On April 3, 2009, Ron Sparks announced that he would run for governor of Alabama. In what was regarded as an upset, Sparks defeated Congressman Artur Davis in a landslide in the Democratic primary on June 1, 2010. Tensions over Davis' opposition to healthcare reform legislation, along with Davis' decision to not seek the support of traditional Democratic Party groups and his ignoring the needs of his constituents in his congressional district, led voters to overwhelmingly vote for Sparks in the Democratic Primary.
Early in the 2010 campaign, Sparks voiced support for healthcare reform, opposed charter schools, supported the Stimulus, and advocated an educational lottery and gaming tax for pre-kindergarten and college scholarships.
Following Parker Griffith's switch to the Republican party, Sparks' political consultants encouraged him to run for Griffith's seat in the United States House of Representatives, however he declined and chose to remain in the running for Governor.
Robert Bentley, the Republican nominee for governor, defeated Sparks with 58% of the vote.[citation needed]
Post-gubernatorial race
After his loss in the 2010 General Election, Sparks was rumored as a possible candidate for Chairman of the Alabama Democratic Party. In a December 6, 2010 article in the Montgomery Advertiser, Sparks said he would support former State Supreme Court Justice Mark Kennedy, son-in-law of former Governor George C. Wallace, for the post of party chairman.
After Bentley's inauguration, the governor merged Alabama's Rural Action Commission and Black Belt Commission into the state's Rural Development Agency, and appointed Sparks to run it.
In April 2017 Governor Kay Ivey abolished the Office of Rural Development and fired Sparks.
On June 7, 2019, U.S. Senator Doug Jones hired Sparks as his Regional Director for the Middle District of Alabama, which includes Montgomery and Dothan. | 24e205e9-f128-44a3-973f-89b4683e8dfe |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_H._Cragin"} | American politician
Aaron Harrison Cragin (February 3, 1821 – May 10, 1898) was an American politician and a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire.
Early life
Born in Weston, Vermont, Cragin completed preparatory studies, studied law, was admitted to the bar in Albany, New York in 1847 and commenced practice in Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Career
Cragin was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1852 to 1855.
Elected by the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress, Cragin served from (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859). While in the House of Representatives, he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War (Thirty-fourth Congress).
Cragin resumed the practice of law and in 1859 was again a member of the State house of representatives. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Republican Convention in Chicago, and a delegate to the Philadelphia loyalists convention in 1866. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1864; was reelected in 1870, and served from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1877. While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills (Thirty-ninth Congress) and a member of the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expense (Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses), the Committee on Naval Affairs (Forty-first and Forty-third Congresses), and the Committee on Railroads (Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses).
Appointed by President Rutherford Hayes as one of the commissioners for the purchase of the Hot Springs Reservation in Arkansas, Cragin served as chairman from 1877 to 1879.
Death
Cragin died in Washington, D.C., on May 10, 1898 (age 77 years, 96 days). He is interred at School Street Cemetery, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Family life
Son of Aaron and Sarah Whitney, Cragin married Isabella Tuller and they had a son, Harry Wilton Cragin, who graduated from Yale University and was appointed third assistant in the United States Patent Office. | 04a61ff9-1bd5-4e52-8daf-e803daa1ab96 |
null | Hong Kong politician and businessman
Peter Woo Kwong-ching, GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese: 吳光正; born September 5, 1946) is a Hong Kong billionaire businessman. He was the chairman of Wheelock and Company Limited (SEHK: 20)and The Wharf Holdings Limited (SEHK: 4) until 19 May 2015. As of April 2021, his net worth is estimated to be $14 billion.
Education
Woo was born in Shanghai in 1946 with ancestral roots in Ningbo, Zhejiang, and moved to Hong Kong in 1949.[citation needed] He was educated at St Stephen's College, a Direct Subsidy Scheme privately owned but government-funded boarding school (which is also Hong Kong's largest secondary school), in the town of Stanley, and went on to attain his bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati, US, majoring in physics. While a student, Woo was senior class president, and became a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity, an endeavor he is still involved in today. He later obtained an MBA from Columbia Business School in New York, US.[citation needed]
Life and career
After graduating, Woo worked at Chase Manhattan Bank in New York and Hong Kong, where he met his future wife Bessie. Bessie was the sister of the woman he was arranged to be married to. His family did not approve of a non Asian marriage.
Woo's diversified interests are reflected in his businesses, focusing in real estate development in Hong Kong, China and Singapore.[citation needed] The group owns several investment properties such as Harbour City and Times Square in Hong Kong, as well as operating other businesses such as i-Cable Communications, Wharf New T&T, Modern Terminals Limited and Marco Polo Hotels.[citation needed] Woo also owns the privately held, high-end luxury retail group LCJG, which includes Lane Crawford and the premier fashion house, Joyce.[citation needed] Woo also serves on the advisory board for various Fortune 500 companies such as Chase Manhattan Bank, JPMorgan Chase and General Electric.
Political and non-profit
Woo is a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.[citation needed]
His past appointments include:
In 1996, Woo ran in the First Hong Kong Chief Executive Election just before the British colony was handed over back to Chinese rule, alongside Yang Ti-liang and Tung Chee-hwa. Tung won.[citation needed]
Achievements and honours
The Hong Kong SAR Government appointed Woo Justice of the Peace in 1993, awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star in 1998 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2012. | 78c2cc87-df99-43dc-9ee7-6529227655ee |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethe_creola"} | Species of butterfly
Lethe creola, the creole pearly-eye, is a species of brush-footed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found it the United States from North Carolina and central Georgia west to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas. Some authorities include this species in the genus Enodia as Enodia creola.
The wingspan is 59–70 mm. Males have spotted forewings. The upperside is brown with patches of dark scales along the veins. The underside is tan for both males and females. Adults feed on sap, rotting fruit, carrion and dung.
The larvae feed on the leaves of Arundinaria tecta. They only feed at night and hide at the base of the host plant during the day. The species overwinters in the larval stage.
The MONA or Hodges number for Lethe creola is 4568.2. | bfef2023-6b8e-4bbb-8bad-fda488deff2d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussobadougou"} | Village in Lacs, Ivory Coast
Moussobadougou (also known as Ouassadougou) is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bonguéra, M'Bahiakro Department, Iffou Region, Lacs District.
Moussobadougou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. | bb692de5-50f5-4d55-92be-98d423ccedb4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diongaga"} | Town in Kayes Region, Mali
Diongaga is a small town and principal settlement of the commune of Diafounou Diongaga in the Cercle of Yélimané in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali, located just south of the border with Mauritania. | bdac223f-f0e3-4d8e-8164-b6e8d9215a53 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Men%27s_EuroHockey_Nations_Challenge_II"} | The 2005 Men's EuroHockey Nations Challenge II was the first edition of the EuroHockey Nations Challenge II, the fourth level of the men's European field hockey championships organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 5 to 10 September 2005 in Kordin, Paola, Malta.
Denmark won the first edition of the EuroHockey Nations Challenge II and were promoted to the EuroHockey Nations Challenge I together with Azerbaijan.
Results
All times are local, CEST (UTC+1).
Preliminary round
Source: TheSports.org
(H) Host
First to fourth place classification
Semi-finals
Third place game
Final
Final standings
Promoted to the EuroHockey Nations Challenge I | 1c9f791b-8509-400c-9d86-a15207423a8e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Carlow_County_Council_election"} | A Carlow County Council election was held in County Carlow in Ireland on 24 May 2019 as part of that year's local elections. All 18 councillors were elected for a five-year term of office from three local electoral areas (LEAs) by single transferable vote.
The 2018 boundary review committee recommended significant changes to the LEAs used in the 2014 elections due to terms of references requiring a maximum of seven councillors in each LEA and changes in population revealed in the 2016 census. These changes were made by the Minister of State with special responsibility for Local Government and Electoral Reform John Paul Phelan.
Fianna Fáil gained an additional seat to emerge level with Fine Gael on 6 seats apiece and a higher share of the vote. Sinn Féin had a poor election losing two seats, and Cllr John Cassin was re-elected as an Independent. Labour retained two seats, while Adrienne Wallace, who contested Ireland South for Solidarity–People Before Profit in the European Parliament election held on the same day, gained a seat for the party.
Results by party
Results by local electoral area
Carlow
Muinebeag
Tullow
Results by gender
Footnotes
Sources | c502dcc6-2af4-48f5-9676-867429224e12 |
null | Knox County Courthouse may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term | 483bcc97-1973-47eb-b3e5-07a6deb4fc74 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Railcar"} | Rolling stock manufacturer
US Railcar is a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock, including passenger cars, and diesel multiple units. It was formed in 2009, and is the successor company to Colorado Railcar after that company shut down in December 2008.
History
US Railcar's predecessor, Colorado Railcar, ceased operations on 23 December 2008 because of a "major liquidity problem". The business remained closed until July 2009 when a group of investors, part of the Value Recovery Group (VRG), purchased the assets of Colorado Railcar and renamed the company US Railcar. The new company operated as a subsidiary of VRG, with the headquarters of both companies located in Columbus, Ohio.
On 18 February 2010, US Railcar announced that it had formed a joint venture with American Railcar Industries, dubbed US Railcar Company LLC, to better "design, manufacture, and sell Diesel Multiple Units." On 19 November 2010, however, the two companies announced the dissolution of the venture, citing "current market conditions" as the reason. The National Association of Railroad Passengers speculated that the cause of the failure of the joint venture was the cancellation of the proposed 3-C passenger corridor in Ohio.
Facilities
US Railcar currently operates no construction facilities; any products ordered from the company would be built by American Railcar under contract. The company plans to construct a facility in Gahanna, Ohio, near the John Glenn Columbus International Airport, which would be built with a mix of public and private funds. US Railcar applied for an $8.7 million grant from the federal government, but the application was denied. The state of Ohio has offered the company $3.6 million in financial assistance, and private investment would provide the remainder of the necessary money to build the factory, estimated to cost around $14 million. If constructed, the proposed facility would be around 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) in size and would be located on thirteen acres (5.3 ha) of land. It would employ up to 200 people.
Products
US Railcar offers diesel multiple units in both single- and bi-level versions, as well as unpowered railcars in single- and bi-level versions. The single-level DMUs have a passenger capacity of 94, while the bi-level models can carry 188 passengers. Both types are equipped with two 600-horsepower (0.45 MW) Detroit Diesel engines for propulsion. The single-level railcars have a capacity of 102 people, while the bi-level cars can seat 218. The company also offers unpowered luxury railcars, dubbed the "Ultradome." | ce4a69d2-4ee0-4585-b5d6-1f93696c2857 |
null | Frank H. Berkshire is a British mathematician, an expert on fluid dynamics, biomechanics, and the mathematics of gambling. He is also known as a coauthor of the textbook Classical Mechanics.
Education and career
Berkshire is an alumnus of St John's College, Cambridge.
He joined the faculty in the department of mathematics at Imperial College London in 1967. There he became a senior lecturer, director of undergraduate studies since 1987, and teaching fellow in 1996. In 2000, he won Imperial College's Rector's Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Teaching Excellence.
He retired in 2011 and remains principal teaching fellow in dynamics at Imperial.
Textbook
In 1997, Berkshire became a co-author on the 4th edition of Tom Kibble's textbook Classical Mechanics. The fifth edition was published by the Imperial College Press in 2004. | 01e6f6ad-544a-4e4b-9aee-a79e60792736 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_City_Duma_District_18"} | Moscow City Duma electoral constituency
Moscow City Duma District 18 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. The constituency has covered parts of Eastern Moscow since 2014. From 1993-2005 District 18 was based in South-Eastern Moscow; however, after the number of constituencies was reduced to 15 in 2005, the constituency was eliminated.
Members elected
Election results
2001
2014
2019 | bd1c333c-5755-448d-a6ff-55e351cbad78 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone"} | Chemical compound
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)4C4CO. It is a dark purple to black crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is an easily made building block for many organic and organometallic compounds.
Structure
The C5O core of the molecule is planar and conjugated, but the bonds have a definite alternating single- and double-bond nature. The C2–C3 and C4–C5 distances are 1.35 Å, while the C1–C2, C3–C4, C5–C1 are closer to single bonds with distances near 1.50 Å. The phenyl groups of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone adopt a "propeller" shape in its 3D conformation. The four phenyl rings are rotated out of the plane of the central ring because of steric repulsion with each other.
Synthesis
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone can be synthesized by a double aldol condensation involving benzil and dibenzyl ketone in the presence of a basic catalyst.
Reactions
The central ring can act as a diene in Diels–Alder reactions with various dienophiles. For example, reaction with benzyne leads to 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene and reaction with diphenylacetylene leads to hexaphenylbenzene. In this way, it is a precursor to graphene-like molecules, such as coronene.
Similarly, pentaphenylpyridine derivatives may be prepared via a Diels–Alder reaction between tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzonitrile.
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone can provide an effective alternative to DDQ in aromatization of parts of porphyrin structures:
Ligand in organometallic chemistry
Tetraarylcyclopentadienones are a well studied class of ligands in organometallic chemistry. The Shvo catalyst, useful for certain hydrogenations, is derived from tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. | 0b46b482-7b24-4c66-8912-6f886c016720 |
null | Annual award
The Conference USA Men's Soccer Coach of the Year was an annual award given to the best soccer coach in Conference USA during the NCAA Division I men's soccer season. Since its inception, the award has been given to 18 different coaches. Chris Grassie, Tim McClements, Bob Gray, Tom McIntosh, Richie Grant, and Mike Getman have each won the award twice. Schellas Hyndman and John Hackworth have gone on to coach professionally in MLS.
Coach of the Year | a934f1ec-6b6d-483a-b7d2-b10330d77580 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Foley"} | American baseball player (1855–1916)
Baseball player
William Brown Foley (November 15, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was a Major League Baseball third baseman. He played all or part of seven seasons in the majors, playing for five different teams in three different leagues. His career began in the National Association in 1875 with the Chicago White Stockings, and ended in the Union Association in 1884 with the Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies. From 1876 until 1879, he was the starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays.
Sources | 19df3884-3d1e-4522-998e-6f44ce9a7425 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viatcheslav_Djavanian"} | Russian cyclist
Viatcheslav Djavanian (born 5 April 1969) is a Russian former professional road cyclist. He won the Tour de Pologne 1996.
Major results
1990
2nd Trofeo Matteotti U23
1991
1st Duo Normand (with Andrey Teteryuk)
2nd Mavic Trophy
4th Road race, UCI Amateur Road World Championships
1992
2nd Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
1994
1st
Overall Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay
1st Stages 2, 4, 6 & 10
1st Stage 4 GP Lacticoop
1995
1st Overall Four Days of Aisne
1st Stage 4
1st Stage 4 Bayern–Rundfahrt
1st Stage 3 GP do Minho
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
1996
1st
Tour de Pologne
1st Stages 3 & 4
3rd Millemetri del Corso di Mestre
6th Trofeo Matteotti
7th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
7th GP du canton d'Argovie
8th Japan Cup
9th Tre Valli Varesine
1997
1st
Overall Regio-Tour
1st Stages 1 & 2
3rd Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
6th Overall Giro di Sardegna
9th Veenendaal–Veenendaal
1998
2nd Grand Prix de Villers-Cotterêts
3rd Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
5th Classique des Alpes
Grand Tour general classification results timeline | f12be7c2-e8ad-4fba-99b0-fdab91f351ea |
null | Indian actor
Adi Irani is an Indian actor who has worked in Bollywood films. He also did the role of V. P. Menon in 2013 TV show Pradhanmantri. He is brother of director-producer Indra Kumar and Bollywood actress Aruna Irani. He has also acted in TV serials like Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli, Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai.
Personal life
Adi Irani's wife name is Dawn Irani and the couple has two daughters named Anaida Irani and Araaya Irani.
Filmography
Films
Television | 3d818289-7de8-4cb3-bc63-7ae53e46e443 |
null | On April 21, 2022, several separate explosions rocked different parts of Afghanistan. The first explosion occurred at the biggest Shia Muslim Seh Dokan mosque in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan. Over 31 people were killed and another 87 were injured in the mosque explosion. Another explosion targeted a vehicle exploded near a police station Kunduz city, leaving 4 dead and 18 injured. A mine planted explosion hit a van of the military in Khogiani killing four Taliban members and wounding a fifth. The roadside bomb wounded two children in the Niaz Beyk area of Kabul. Islamic State (ISIL) has claimed several attacks including the bombing of the Seh Dokan mosque.
Background
After Doha Agreement between the US and the Taliban and seizure Afghanistan by Taliban, the rival Islamic State – Khorasan Province group attacks against Afghan minorities were reported to have surged in the country, including 2022 Kabul school bombing, 2021 Kabul school bombing. Most of the victims were Hazaras (Hazaras practice Shia Islam) who had been targeted by ISIL in Afghanistan since the Taliban came to power. The Taliban also target the Hazaras for violent persecution.
Event
On April 21, 2022, several separate explosions shook different parts of Afghanistan. The first blast occurred at the biggest Shia Muslim mosque, known as Seh Dokan mosque in the Afghan city of Mazar-i-Sharif. the Sunni Islamic State which has claimed several attacks said: the explosion on the 2nd district inside of Seh Dokan mosque was carried out by booby-trapped bag while worshippers were praying in the mosque. Over 31 people were killed and another 87 were injured in the mosque explosion.
A roadside explosion blasted that targeted the minority Shia in the Niaz Beyk area of Kabul (in the same area 2022 Kabul school bombing) wounded two children.
Matiullah Rohani, Head of Information and Culture in Kunduz province reported Another explosion targeted a vehicle exploded near a police station in Kunduz, leaving 4 dead and 18 injured.
A night mine planted explosion hit a van of the military in Khogiani, a district in the eastern Nangarhar Province, killing four Taliban members and wounding a fifth.
Islamic State (ISIL) which has claimed several attacks, described the attacks as part of an ongoing global campaign to "avenge" the deaths of its former leader. | cd7559dd-a82b-4d4b-96d8-25b0c6389d41 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_C._Kuhn"} | American judge
Franz Christian Kuhn (February 8, 1872 – June 16, 1926) was an American lawyer and judge. He served as Michigan Attorney General and later as a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court in the early 20th century. Kuhn was a Republican.
Early life and education
Kuhn was born in Detroit on February 8, 1872. He was education in the Mount Clemens, Michigan public schools. He graduated from the Literary Department of the University of Michigan in 1893 and from the Law Department of the University of Michigan (later the University of Michigan Law School) in 1894.
Career
Following graduation, Kuhn began practicing law in Mount Clemens. He served as circuit court commissioner of Macomb County until 1896, when he was elected Macomb County prosecuting attorney. Kuhn was reelected in 1898 and 1900.
In 1904, Kuhn became probate judge of Macomb County, and remained in that position until 1910, when he resigned to accept an appointment as Michigan attorney general. The vacancy in the attorney general position had been caused by the resignation of John E. Bird, who had resigned to accept an appointment to the Michigan Supreme Court.
On September 6, 1912, Governor Fred M. Warner appointed Kuhn to the Michigan Supreme Court to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Justice Charles A. Blair. In November 1912, Kuhn was elected to a full term on the Supreme Court.
He resigned in 1919 and briefly returned to private practice before becoming president of the Michigan Bell Telephone Company in February 1920. Kuhn remained president of the telephone company until his death.
He died on June 16, 1926, at Harper Hospital in Detroit, at the age of 65, after a brief illness. He was buried at Mount Clemens. | 5a062afd-dd86-4e7a-b9ee-177352134b11 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Wilson"} | American playwright (1945–2005)
August Wilson (né Frederick August Kittel Jr.; April 27, 1945 – October 2, 2005) was an American playwright. He has been referred to as the "theater's poet of Black America". He is best known for a series of ten plays, collectively called The Pittsburgh Cycle (or The Century Cycle), which chronicle the experiences and heritage of the African-American community in the 20th century. Plays in the series include Fences (1987) and The Piano Lesson (1990), both of which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, as well as Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (1984) and Joe Turner's Come and Gone (1988). In 2006, Wilson was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.
His works delve into the African-American experience as well as examinations of the human condition. Other themes range from the systemic and historical exploitation of African Americans, as well as race relations, identity, migration, and racial discrimination. Viola Davis said that Wilson's writing "captures our humor, our vulnerabilities, our tragedies, our trauma. And he humanizes us. And he allows us to talk." Since Wilson's death two of his plays have been adapted into films: Fences (2016) and Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020). Denzel Washington has shepherded the films and has vowed to continue Wilson's legacy by adapting the rest of his plays into films for a wider audience. Washington said, "the greatest part of what's left of my career is making sure that August is taken care of".
Early life
Wilson was born Frederick August Kittel Jr. in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the fourth of six children. His father, Frederick August Kittel Sr., was a Sudeten German immigrant, who was a baker/pastry cook. His mother, Daisy Wilson, was an African-American woman from North Carolina who cleaned homes for a living. Wilson's anecdotal history reports that his maternal grandmother walked from North Carolina to Pennsylvania in search of a better life. Wilson's mother raised the children alone until he was five in a two-room apartment behind a grocery store at 1727 Bedford Avenue; his father was mostly absent from his childhood. Wilson later wrote under his mother's surname.
The economically depressed neighborhood where he was raised was inhabited predominantly by Black Americans and Jewish and Italian immigrants. Life was tough for the Kittel siblings as they were biracial. August struggled with finding a sense of belonging to a particular culture and did not feel that he truly fit into African-American culture or White culture until later in life. Wilson's mother divorced his father and married David Bedford in the 1950s, and the family moved from the Hill District to the then predominantly White working-class neighborhood of Hazelwood, where they encountered racial hostility; bricks were thrown through a window at their new home. They were soon forced out of their house and on to their next home.
The Hill District went on to become the setting of numerous plays in the Pittsburgh Cycle. His experiences growing up there with a strong matriarch shaped the way his plays would be written.[citation needed]
In 1959, Wilson was one of 14 African-American students at Central Catholic High School but dropped out after one year. He then attended Connelley Vocational High School, but found the curriculum unchallenging. He dropped out of Gladstone High School in the 10th grade in 1960 after his teacher accused him of plagiarizing a 20-page paper he wrote on Napoleon I of France. Wilson hid his decision from his mother because he did not want to disappoint her. At the age of 16 he began working menial jobs, where he met a wide variety of people on whom some of his later characters were based, such as Sam in The Janitor (1985).
Wilson's extensive use of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh resulted in its later awarding him an honorary high school diploma. Wilson, who said he had learned to read at the age of four, began reading Black writers at the library when he was 12 and spent the remainder of his teen years educating himself through the books of Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, and others.
Career
1960s
Wilson knew that he wanted to be a writer, but this created tension with his mother, who wanted him to become a lawyer. She forced him to leave the family home and he enlisted in the United States Army for a three-year stint in 1962, but he left after one year[clarify] and went back to working various odd jobs as a porter, short-order cook, gardener, and dishwasher.[citation needed]
Frederick August Kittel Jr. changed his name to August Wilson to honor his mother after his father's death in 1965. That same year, he discovered the blues as sung by Bessie Smith, and he bought a stolen typewriter for $10, which he often pawned when money was tight. At 20, he decided he was a poet and submitted work to such magazines as Harper's. He began to write in bars, the local cigar store, and cafes—longhand on table napkins and on yellow notepads, absorbing the voices and characters around him. He liked to write on cafe napkins because, he said, it freed him up and made him less self-conscious as a writer. He would then gather the notes and type them up at home. Gifted with a talent for catching dialect and accents, Wilson had an "astonishing memory", which he put to full use during his career. He slowly learned not to censor the language he heard when incorporating it into his work.
Malcolm X's voice influenced Wilson's life and work (such as The Ground on Which I Stand, 1996). Both the Nation of Islam (NOI) and the Black Power movement spoke to him regarding self-sufficiency, self-defense, and self-determination, and he appreciated the origin myths that Elijah Muhammad supported. In 1969 Wilson married Brenda Burton, a Muslim, and became associated with the NOI, though he reportedly did not convert. He and Brenda had one daughter, Sakina Ansari-Wilson. The couple divorced in 1972.
In 1968, along with his friend Rob Penny, Wilson co-founded the Black Horizon Theater in the Hill District of Pittsburgh. Wilson's first play, Recycling, was performed for audiences in small theaters, schools and public housing community centers for 50 cents a ticket. Among these early efforts was Jitney, which he revised more than two decades later as part of his 10-play cycle on 20th-century Pittsburgh. He had no directing experience. He recalled: "Someone had looked around and said, 'Who's going to be the director?' I said, 'I will.' I said that because I knew my way around the library. So I went to look for a book on how to direct a play. I found one called The Fundamentals of Play Directing and checked it out."
1970s
In 1976, Vernell Lillie, who had founded the Kuntu Repertory Theatre at the University of Pittsburgh two years earlier, directed Wilson's The Homecoming. That same year Wilson saw Athol Fugard's Sizwe Banzi is Dead, staged at the Pittsburgh Public Theater, the first time he attended professionally produced drama. Wilson, Penny, and poet Maisha Baton then founded the Kuntu Writers Workshop to bring African-American writers together and to assist them in publication and production. Both organizations remain active.
In 1978 Wilson moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota, at the suggestion of his friend, director Claude Purdy, who helped him secure a job writing educational scripts for the Science Museum of Minnesota. In 1980 he received a fellowship for The Playwrights' Center in Minneapolis. He quit the Museum in 1981, but continued writing plays. For three years, he was a part-time cook for the Little Brothers of the Poor. Wilson had a long association with the Penumbra Theatre Company of St. Paul, which premiered some of his plays. He wrote Fullerton Street, which has been unproduced and unpublished, in 1980. It follows the Joe Louis/Billy Conn fight in 1941 and the loss of values attendant on the Great Migration to the urban North.
1980s
Throughout the 1980s, Wilson wrote the majority of his work including Jitney (1982), Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (1984), Fences (1985), Joe Turner's Come and Gone (1986), and The Piano Lesson (1987).
In 1987, St. Paul's mayor George Latimer named May 27 "August Wilson Day". He was honored because he is the only person from Minnesota to win a Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
1990s
In 1990 Wilson left St. Paul after getting divorced and moved to Seattle. There he developed a relationship with Seattle Repertory Theatre, which produced his entire 10-play cycle and his one-man show How I Learned What I Learned.
Though he was a writer dedicated to writing for theater, a Hollywood studio proposed filming Wilson's play Fences. He insisted that a Black director be hired for the film, saying: "I declined a White director not on the basis of race but on the basis of culture. White directors are not qualified for the job. The job requires someone who shares the specifics of the culture of Black Americans." The film remained unmade until 2016, when Denzel Washington directed the film Fences, starring Washington and Viola Davis. It earned Wilson a posthumous Oscar nomination.
Wilson received many honorary degrees, including an honorary Doctor of Humanities from the University of Pittsburgh, of which he was a trustee from 1992 until 1995.
Wilson maintained a strong voice in the progress and development of the (then) contemporary Black theater, undoubtedly taking influences from the examples of his youth, such as those displayed during the Black Arts Movement. One of the most notable examples of Wilson's strong opinions and critiques of what was Black theater's state in the 1990s, was the "On Cultural Power: The August Wilson/Robert Brustein Discussion" where Wilson argued for a completely Black theater with all positions filled by Blacks. Conversely, he argued that Black actors should not play roles not specifically Black (e.g., no Black Hamlet). Brustein heatedly took an opposing view.
2000s
In 2005, Wilson's final installment in his ten-part series The Century Cycle, titled Radio Golf, opened. It was first performed in 2005 by the Yale Repertory Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut and had its Broadway premiere in 2007 at the Cort Theatre. It would become known as Wilson's final work.
Post–Black Arts Movement
While the work of August Wilson is not formally recognized within the literary canon of the Black Arts Movement, he was certainly a product of its mission, helping to co-found the Black Horizon Theatre in his hometown of Pittsburgh in 1968. Situated in Pittsburgh's Hill District, a historically and predominantly Black neighborhood, the Black Horizon Theatre became a cultural hub of Black creativity and community building. As a playwright of what is considered the Post–Black Arts Movement, August Wilson inherited the spirit of BAM, producing plays that celebrated the history and poetic sensibilities of Black people. His iconic Century Cycle successfully tracked and synthesized the experiences of Black America in the 20th Century, using each historical decade, from 1904 to 1997, to document the physical, emotional, mental, and political strivings of Black life in the wake of emancipation.
Wilson's best-known plays are Fences (1985) (which won a Pulitzer Prize and a Tony Award), The Piano Lesson (1990) (a Pulitzer Prize and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award), Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, and Joe Turner's Come and Gone.
Wilson stated that he was most influenced by "the four Bs": blues music, the Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges, the playwright Amiri Baraka and the painter Romare Bearden. He went on to add writers Ed Bullins and James Baldwin to the list. He noted:
From Borges, those wonderful gaucho stories from which I learned that you can be specific as to a time and place and culture and still have the work resonate with the universal themes of love, honor, duty, betrayal, etc. From Amiri Baraka, I learned that all art is political, although I don't write political plays. From Romare Bearden I learned that the fullness and richness of everyday life can be rendered without compromise or sentimentality.
He valued Bullins and Baldwin for their honest representations of everyday life.
Like Bearden, Wilson worked with collage techniques in writing: "I try to make my plays the equal of his canvases. In creating plays I often use the image of a stewing pot in which I toss various things that I'm going to make use of—a black cat, a garden, a bicycle, a man with a scar on his face, a pregnant woman, a man with a gun." On the meaning of his work, Wilson stated:
I once wrote this short story called "The Best Blues Singer in the World", and it went like this—"The streets that Balboa walked were his own private ocean, and Balboa was drowning." End of story. That says it all. Nothing else to say. I've been rewriting that same story over and over again. All my plays are rewriting that same story.
The Pittsburgh Cycle
Wilson's Pittsburgh Cycle, also often referred to as his Century Cycle, consists of ten plays—nine of which are set in Pittsburgh's Hill District (the other being set in Chicago), an African-American neighborhood that takes on a mythic literary significance like Thomas Hardy's Wessex, William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County, or Irish playwright Brian Friel's Ballybeg. The plays are each set in a different decade and aim to sketch the Black experience in the 20th century and "raise consciousness through theater" and echo "the poetry in the everyday language of Black America". His writing of the Black experience always featured strong female characters and sometimes included elements of the supernatural. In his book, he wrote "My mother's a very strong, principled woman. My female characters . . . come in a large part from my mother"
As for the elements of the supernatural, Wilson often featured some form of superstition or old tradition in plays that came down to supernatural roots. One of his plays well known for featuring this is The Piano Lesson. In the play, the piano is used and releases spirits of the ancestors. Wilson wanted to create such an event in the play that the audience was left to decide what was real or not. He was fascinated by the power of theater as a medium where a community at large could come together to bear witness to events and currents unfolding.
Wilson told The Paris Review:
I think my plays offer (White Americans) a different way to look at Black Americans. For instance, in Fences they see a garbageman, a person they don't really look at, although they see a garbageman every day. By looking at Troy's life, White people find out that the content of this Black garbageman's life is affected by the same things – love, honor, beauty, betrayal, duty. Recognizing that these things are as much part of his life as theirs can affect how they think about and deal with Black people in their lives.
Although the plays of the cycle are not strictly connected to the degree of a serial story, some characters appear (at various ages) in more than one of the cycle's plays. Children of characters in earlier plays may appear in later plays. The character most frequently mentioned in the cycle is Aunt Ester, a "washer of souls". She is reported to be 285 years old in Gem of the Ocean, which takes place in her home at 1839 Wylie Avenue, and 349 in Two Trains Running. She dies in 1985, during the events of King Hedley II. Much of the action of Radio Golf revolves around the plan to demolish and redevelop that house, some years after her death. Aunt Ester is a symbolic and recurring figure that represents the African-American struggle. She is "not literally three centuries old but a succession of folk priestesses... [s]he embodies a weighty history of tragedy and triumph". The plays often include an apparently mentally impaired oracular character (different in each play)—for example, Hedley Sr. in Seven Guitars, Gabriel in Fences, Stool Pigeon in King Hedley II, or Hambone in Two Trains Running.[citation needed]
Chicago's Goodman Theatre was the first theater in the world to produce the entire 10-play cycle, in productions which spanned from 1986 to 2007. Two of the Goodman's productions—Seven Guitars and Gem of the Ocean—were world premieres. Israel Hicks produced the entire 10-play cycle from 1990 to 2009 for the Denver Center Theatre Company. Geva Theatre Center produced all 10 plays in decade order from 2007 to 2011 as August Wilson's American Century. The Huntington Theatre Company of Boston has produced all 10 plays, finishing in 2012. During Wilson's life he worked closely with The Huntington to produce the later plays. Pittsburgh Public Theater was the first theater company in Pittsburgh to produce the entire Century Cycle, including the world premiere of King Hedley II to open the O'Reilly Theater in Downtown Pittsburgh.
TAG – The Actors' Group, in Honolulu, Hawaii, produced all 10 plays in the cycle starting in 2004 with Two Trains Running and culminating in 2015 with Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. All shows were Hawaii premieres, all were extremely successful at the box office and garnered many local theatre awards for the actors and the organization. The Black Rep in St. Louis and the Anthony Bean Community Theater in New Orleans have also presented the complete cycle.
In the years after Wilson's death the 10-play cycle has been referred to as The August Wilson Century Cycle and as The American Century Cycle.
Two years before his death in 2005, August Wilson wrote and performed an unpublished one-man play entitled How I Learned What I Learned about the power of art and the power of possibility. This was produced at New York's Signature Theatre and directed by Todd Kreidler, Wilson's friend and protégé. How I Learned explores his days as a struggling young writer in Pittsburgh's Hill District and how the neighborhood and its people inspired his cycle of plays about the African-American experience.
Personal life
Wilson was married three times. His first marriage was to Brenda Burton from 1969 to 1972. They had one daughter, Sakina Ansari, born 1970. In 1981, he married Judy Oliver, a social worker; they divorced in 1990. He married again in 1994 and was survived by his third wife, costume designer Constanza Romero, whom he met on the set of The Piano Lesson. They had a daughter, Azula Carmen Wilson. Wilson also was survived by siblings Freda Ellis, Linda Jean Kittel, Donna Conley, Barbara Jean Wilson, Edwin Kittel and Richard Kittel.[citation needed]
Death
Wilson reported that he had been diagnosed with liver cancer in June 2005 and been given three to five months to live. He died on October 2, 2005, at Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, and was interred at Greenwood Cemetery, Pittsburgh, on October 8, 2005, aged 60. He reportedly requested a "Black funeral" at Saint Paul Cathedral, but this was not granted by the archdiocese. A memorial service was instead held at the University of Pittsburgh.
Work
Awards and nominations
Legacy and honors
The childhood home of Wilson and his six siblings, at 1727 Bedford Avenue in Pittsburgh, was declared a historic landmark by the State of Pennsylvania on May 30, 2007. On February 26, 2008, Pittsburgh City Council placed the house on the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations. On April 30, 2013, the August Wilson House was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
In Pittsburgh, there is an August Wilson Center for African American Culture. The center includes a permanent exhibition on Wilson's life in Pittsburgh's Hill District, "August Wilson: A Writer's Landscape."
On October 16, 2005, fourteen days after Wilson's death, the Virginia Theatre in New York City's Broadway Theater District was renamed the August Wilson Theatre. It is the first Broadway theatre to bear the name of an African-American. The theatre has run many shows, including Jersey Boys, Groundhog Day, and Mean Girls.
In Seattle, Washington, along the south side of the Seattle Repertory Theatre, the vacated Republican Street between Warren Avenue N. and 2nd Avenue N. on the Seattle Center grounds has been renamed August Wilson Way.
In September 2016, an existing community park near his childhood home was renovated and renamed August Wilson Park.
In 2020, the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh acquired Wilson's literary papers and materials to establish the August Wilson Archive.
In 2021, the United States Postal Service honored Wilson with a Forever stamp featuring him as part of the Black Heritage series of stamps. It was designed by Ethel Kessler with art from Tim O'Brien.
Other awards and honors by year: | 6ed3d55c-418e-4e9e-b97f-3df77e0d89cc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Iustin_of_Romania"} | Romanian Orthodox patriarch (1977–1986)
Iustin Moisescu (Romanian pronunciation: [jusˈtin mo.iˈsesku]; March 5, 1910 – July 31, 1986) was Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church from 1977 to 1986.
Biography
Theological preparation
Moisescu was born in Cândești, Argeș County. He studied at the war orphans’ seminary in Câmpulung-Muscel from 1922 to 1930, finishing with top honours. Patriarch Miron Cristea selected him alone, of all 1930 seminary graduates, to receive a scholarship and take his licentiate in theology at the University of Athens. In 1934, he returned to Romania, having received a degree “arista” (magna cum laude).
Cristea, following Moisescu's progress, sent him (upon the recommendation of the University of Athens and of the Romanian Embassy in Greece) to continue his advanced studies at the Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology at the Université des Sciences Humaines in Strasbourg. After two years in France (1934–36), having obtained material for his doctoral thesis, he returned to Athens in 1936. The following year he obtained his doctorate with the Greek-language thesis “Evagrius Ponticus. Life, writings and teachings”, which received an award from the Athens Academy of Sciences. He then took equivalence examinations at the University of Bucharest’s Faculty of Theology.
There followed a quick succession of professorates, with rapid promotion: Professor of Latin at Bucharest’s Nifon Seminary (1937–38); New Testament Professor at the University of Warsaw’s Faculty of Orthodox Theology (1938–39), where he replaced the celebrated professor Nicolae Arseniev. In Warsaw, he established the following Polish-language courses: “General and specific introduction to the holy books of the New Testament”; “Exegesis of Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians”; and “Exegesis of the prologue to the Gospel of John”. These courses were examined by professors Milan Șesan and Vladimir Prelipceanu, who “determined their scientific and didactic value, as well as their full harmony with the teachings of the Orthodox Church”. During this time, he was also a member of the Iron Guard.
In 1940, he was named associate professor. In 1942, after an examination, he was named Professor of New Testament Exegesis at the Cernăuţi-Suceava Faculty of Theology. At Cernăuți and Suceava he created three more courses: “Introduction to the holy books of the New Testament”, “Exegesis” and “Biblical hermeneutics”. About his Romanian-language writings, the same report notes that “The author’s form of expression in Romanian is distinguished by conciseness and clarity”. In 1946 he was transferred as professor to the same department at the Faculty of Theology in Bucharest; in 1948, he began teaching at the Bucharest Theological Institute. During his time as a theology professor, he published a number of specialised works.
Metropolitan of Transylvania
Another series of promotions followed after a turn unforeseen by many at the time, but in the best tradition of precedents not only Byzantine, but also Eastern European and even Romanian, especially Transylvanian: witness Photius’ elevation to Patriarch of Constantinople from general, Ambrose becoming Bishop of Milan from civil administrator, professor Nicolae Bălan becoming Metropolitan of Transylvania, etc. On February 23, 1956, Vicar Bishop Teoctist Arăpașu ordained him deacon; the next day, the other Patriarchal Vicar Bishop, Antim Nica, ordained him priest, and on February 26, the National Church Council, gathered in electoral college according to its statute’s provisions, elected him Archbishop of Sibiu and Metropolitan of Transylvania. He replaced the eminent and recently deceased Nicolae Bălan.
He then spent ten days in meditation before asking God to receive him into the ranks of the monks at Cernica Monastery on March 8, 1956. Already elected metropolitan, on March 15, 1956 Patriarch Justinian, Metropolitan Firmilian of Oltenia and Bishop Nicolae Colan of Cluj ordained him into the episcopate. Three days later, in the Sibiu Metropolitan Cathedral, he was given Andrei Șaguna’s crozier. During his short stay in Sibiu, among other activities, he founded the theological magazine Mitropolia Ardealului (nr. 1–2, Sep–Oct 1956) in place of the defunct Revista Teologică.
Before Moisescu’s election as Metropolitan of Transylvania, Patriarch Justinian, in a long, meaningful and well-considered speech before the electoral college, described thus the candidate who should be elected: “There we will have to send the best of today’s clerics from our Church, a vigorously well-rounded personality, with a distinguished theological preparation, thoroughly aware of all the problems that our contemporary world presents”, for “new times require new people”.
Metropolitan of Moldavia and Suceava
Metropolitan Iustin spent only a short time at Sibiu. On January 10, 1957, he was elected Metropolitan of Moldavia and Suceava, and three days later he was installed in the seat once held by Dosoftei, Varlaam, Veniamin Costache, to name only the most prominent of his predecessors at Iași.
Upon his election as Metropolitan of Moldavia and Suceava, he described his programme thus: “With all my efforts I will undertake with steadfast resolve to protect and keep the Holy places: churches, monasteries and sketes – glorious works of art – that form the diadem of the Metropolitanate of Moldavia; and for those who need these treasures of our ancient faith, I will strive to produce priests who are hard-working and devoted to the Church, the Fatherland and the good of the people. Unceasingly I shall keep watch over the direction my Diocese’s priests are taking, for the complete fulfillment of its duties toward the Church and the Fatherland. I will ensure as far as possible that the fruits of priestly work will be seen in the good administration of our places of worship, in the preaching of love among all the sons of the Fatherland and in the charitable giving for the popular good”.
On February 3, 1957, Metropolitan Iustin was first elected deputy to the Great National Assembly, representing Hârlău. He would be elected six more times, sitting until his death.
As Metropolitan of Moldavia, he undertook numerous activities. New buildings – veritable architectural monuments – were erected on the grounds of the Iași diocesan centre, while his Cathedral and residence were redone. Numerous monasteries and churches, the diocese's historic monuments, were also restored. Museums or museum collections associated with these monuments were started for many of them. New buildings were raised at the Neamț Monastery Theological Seminary, and the old ones were modernised.
In Moldavia, along with his numerous travels and external cares, he initiated, with the talent of a born architect, the radical transformation of the Metropolitan Centre from a random assortment of run-down buildings into a modern centre fit for his time. Also endowed with an unexpected practical spirit, he had constructed, under conditions of full-blown Communism, three large buildings in the diocesan centre (two administrative buildings and a dormitory for priests), over 70 new churches and chapels, 52 parish houses and five archpriests’ residences. He founded ten museums of ecclesiastical art, having obtained funds from the state and from parishioners’ donations. He restored, in full or in part, over twenty monasteries and sketes: Putna, Sucevița, Moldovița, Voroneț, Arbore, Humor, Slatina, Dobrovăț, Cetățuia, Râșca, Neamț, Sihăstria, Secu, Bistrița, Văratec.
He led several Romanian Orthodox delegations visiting other churches and countries: the Church of England (1958), the Malabar Syriac Church (1961), the United States (1970), the Danish National Church (1971) and the Ecumenical Patriarchate (1974). He took part in several synodal delegations led by Patriarch Justinian and received numerous foreign delegations at Iaşi or within the Iaşi Archdiocese. As a member of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches (1961–77), he participated in general congresses at New Delhi (1961), Uppsala (1969) and Nairobi (1975) as well as at the annual sessions of the Central Committee at Paris (1962), Geneva (1966, 1973 and 1976), Heraklion (1967), Canterbury (1969), Addis Ababa (1971), Utrecht (1972), Berlin (1974), etc.
He was part of the Presidium of the Conference of European Churches and of its Consultative Committee, participating in the Nyborg IV (1964), Nyborg V (1966), Nyborg VI (1971) and Engelberg (1974) General Assemblies, as well as at sessions of the Presidium and the Consultative Committee. He led delegations of the Romanian Orthodox Church to pan-Orthodox conferences at Rhodes (1961, 1963, 1964) and Chambesy (1968), and to the first preparatory conference of the Holy and Great Pan-Orthodox Synod (Chambesy, 1971).
As metropolitan, he published numerous articles, pastoral letters, speeches and editorials, especially in the magazine Mitropolia Moldovei și Sucevei, which appeared for twenty years under his direct supervision. In addition, the Iaşi Metropolitan Centre edited other works, among them Monumente istorice-bisericești din Mitropolia Moldovei și Sucevei (1974) and Psaltirea în versuri a lui Dosoftei, ediție critică (1975); the monographs Catedrala Mitropolitană din Iașui and Mănăstirea Cetățuia (both 1977); brochure-albums to popularise the monasteries of Moldavia, prayer books, etc.
Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church
Patriarch Justinian died in March 1977. On June 12, 1977, Metropolitan Iustin was elected Archbishop of Bucharest, Metropolitan of Ungro-Vlachia, Patriarch of All Romania. He was enthroned at the Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral, Bucharest, on June 19, 1977. Iustin remained in office until he died in Bucharest on July 31, 1986, and was buried in the Patriarchal Cathedral.
As patriarch, he led several synodal delegations to other churches: the Ecumenical Patriarchate (1978), the Orthodox Church in America Romanian Episcopate (1979), the Russian Orthodox Church (1980), the Serbian Orthodox Church (1981), the Church of Sweden (1981), the Geneva headquarters of the World Council of Churches (1981), the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (1982), the Reformed Church in Hungary (1982) and the Church of Greece (1984). In return, he was visited by a number of church leaders, as well as by numerous representatives of other churches and Christian denominations from all over the world.
Patriarch Iustin paid special attention to publishing activity. He began the great collection Părinți și scriitori bisericești (projected to span 90 volumes), as well as the six-volume set Arta creștină în România. A new synod-approved edition of the Bible appeared in 1982, a new New Testament in 1979, as well as textbooks for higher theological education and for theological seminaries, doctoral theses and devotional books. The Patriarchate's magazines continued to be published, as well as those of the metropolitanates and bulletins for Romanian Orthodox communities abroad.
He helped restore some of Romania's most important churches and monasteries, continuing the work he had begun at Iași. Among the monasteries in question are Curtea de Argeș, Cheia, Zamfira, Viforâta, Dealu, Cernica, Pasărea, Țigănești, Căldărușani, Sfântul Spiridon Nou and Sfântul Gheorghe. Moreover, he put work into his own Patriarchal Cathedral, as well as others.
Offices held
Selected works
Bibliography | dd5f5029-3aa0-420a-8424-0ad3cf7a9d39 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enos_Slaughter"} | American baseball player (1916-2002)
Baseball player
Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 – August 12, 2002), nicknamed "Country", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder. He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938 to 1942 and 1946 to 1959. He is noted primarily for his playing for the St. Louis Cardinals and famously scored the winning run in Game 7 of the 1946 World Series for the Cardinals. A ten-time All-Star, he has been elected to both the National Baseball Hall of Fame and St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame.
Early life
Slaughter was born in Roxboro, North Carolina, where he earned the nickname "Country". In 1935, scout Billy Southworth signed him for the St. Louis Cardinals.
Career
Minor leagues
The Martinsville Manufacturers were Slaughter's first professional team, in 1935. When Slaughter was a minor leaguer in Columbus, Georgia, he went running towards the dugout from his position in the outfield, slowed down near the infield, and began walking the rest of the way. Manager Eddie Dyer told him, "Son, if you're tired, we'll try to get you some help." During the remainder of his major-league career, Slaughter ran everywhere he went on a baseball field. In 1937, he had 245 hits and 147 runs scored for Columbus.
Major leagues
Slaughter batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was renowned for his smooth swing that made him a reliable "contact" hitter. Slaughter had 2,383 hits in his major league career, including 169 home runs, and 1,304 RBI in 2,380 games. Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves. During that period, he was a ten-time All-Star and played in five World Series. His 1,820 games played ranks fifth in Cardinals' history behind Yadier Molina, Ozzie Smith, Lou Brock, and Stan Musial. He presently ranks third in RBI with 1,148; sixth in ABs with 6,775; and seventh in doubles with 366.
After debuting with the Cardinals in 1938, Slaughter became an everyday outfielder for them in 1939.
Slaughter served for three years in the Army Air Corps during World War II. He was a Sergeant who taught physical education. Slaughter helped set up baseball teams in Tinian and Saipan, and their games inspired the troops while drawing upwards of 20,000 spectators. Immediately upon return from his military service in 1946, Slaughter led the National League with 130 RBI and led the Cardinals to a World Series win over the Boston Red Sox. In the decisive seventh game of that series, Slaughter, running with the pitch, made a famous "Mad Dash" for home from first base on Harry Walker's hit in the eighth inning, scoring the winning run after a delayed relay throw by the Red Sox' Johnny Pesky. The hit was ruled a double, though most observers felt it should have been ruled a single, as only the throw home allowed Walker to advance to second base. This play was named No. 10 on the Sporting News list of Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments in 1999.[citation needed]
Slaughter was known for his hustle, especially for running hard to first base on walks, a habit later imitated by Pete Rose and David Eckstein.
Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore in an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field. Sportswriter Bob Broeg, who covered the team at that time, refutes this claim and says that NL president Ford Frick considered the Cardinals fairer towards Robinson than any of the other teams. Slaughter later injured Robinson during a game by inflicting a seven-inch gash from his shoe spikes on Robinson's leg. Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was "a Southern boy", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style. None of the contemporary accounts of the spiking suggested that the incident was intentional, although the August 21, 1947 St. Louis Star and Times quoted Dodgers' second-baseman Eddie Stanky as saying, "Slaughter deliberately spiked Robinson. I always had the highest regard for Slaughter. He is one of the keenest competitors I know, and I admire him for it. But that was the first time he spiked someone deliberately. I've lost all my respect for him."
With the Yankees, Slaughter did not play as much, but he excelled as a pinch hitter for the ballclub. He batted fifth and played in left field in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series in which teammate Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2–0 Yankees win. At age 40, he was the oldest player for either team in the game.
Post-MLB career
Slaughter retired from major league baseball in 1959. He was a player-manager for the Houston Buffs of the Texas League in 1960 and for Raleigh Capitals of the Carolina League in 1961. Slaughter coached baseball for Duke University from 1971 to 1977. He provided aid to causes such as the Duke Children's Classic, the Person County Museum of History, and Piedmont Community College.
Personal life
Slaughter had five wives, each of whom he divorced. He had four daughters: Gaye, Patricia, Rhonda, and Sharon. Henry Slaughter, his cousin, was a well-known southern gospel musician. Fellow Hall of Famer Monte Irvin was good friends with Slaughter, later voting for the player when he was finally elected to the Hall of Fame. Slaughter also mentored Lou Brock when he joined the Cardinals.
Death
Slaughter died at age 86 on August 12, 2002. He had battled non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and two weeks before his death, he had undergone colon surgery to fix torn stomach ulcers. He was buried at Allensville United Methodist Church in Person County, North Carolina.
Personal honors
Slaughter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.
His jersey number 9 was retired by the Cardinals on September 6, 1996.
The Cardinals dedicated a statue depicting his famous Mad Dash in 1999. Slaughter was a fixture at statue dedications at Busch Stadium II for other Cardinal Hall of Famers during the last years of his life.
In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Slaughter as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army Air Force during World War II.
In January, 2014, the Cardinals announced Slaughter among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014. | c9425f16-4da2-4c03-96cc-0e466b9ce195 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auturus"} | Genus of millipedes
Auturus is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Euryuridae. There are about 11 described species in Auturus.
Species
These 11 species belong to the genus Auturus: | 6eabc5b5-5ec9-4028-a56c-333ea935035f |
null | Juan Espinosa may refer to: | 9b1eca72-a34d-42c5-ade6-f83c21fcd2dc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Le_Moine"} | Roger Le Moine MSRC (6 November 1933, La Malbaie – 12 July 2004, Ottawa) was an emeritus professor of Québec and French literature at the University of Ottawa.
Biography
After growing up in La Malbaie, Le Moine briefly studied law before opting for literature (doctorate in 1970). As a professor, he specialized in European exotic literature, freemasonry, and, more importantly, participated in the rediscovery of Québec's 18th and 19th century literature.
He was elected at the Société des Dix (1988) and of the Royal Society of Canada (1993).
He is the nephew of writers James MacPherson Le Moine, Arthur Buies, Félix-Antoine Savard and of the painter Edmond Le Moine.
Bibliography
Books
Text edition
Selected articles | e07e8da3-956a-4de3-a86f-4688fac561d3 |
null | Public secondary school in Glen Daniel, West Virginia
Liberty High School, alternately referred to as Liberty-Raleigh or Liberty of Raleigh, is a consolidated high school in rural Raleigh County, West Virginia, located in the town of Glen Daniel, West Virginia. The names of Liberty and its sister school and rival Independence High School reflect the fact they were both built in 1976, the U.S. Bicentennial. Liberty was always intended to incorporate the previous Trap Hill, Clear Fork, and Marsh Fork high schools, but legal wrangling kept the later two from consolidation until the 1990s. Liberty currently has over 500 students. The school nickname is Raiders and its colors are red, black, and white. | 3d420d12-5c56-4506-9b35-e8d8760cc7d9 |
null | The Hideout Golf Club is a public golf course in Monticello, Utah. Golfweek has rated it the "#24 Municipal Course in America". It was opened in 2002 after completion in 2001 by Forrest Richardson. Of note is the fact that the course was built as part of a major reclamation project involving the former site of a uranium mine and mill, dismantled in the 1960s by the United States Department of Energy. The only directive of the Department was that the reclaimed land be vegetated and protected from erosion, and a golf course fit that bill. The Hideout Golf Club occupies land across from the former mill, with the work to build the course involving restoration of the old mill site land into a natural, open space park. | a6399c75-355f-46bb-9be3-827a4f8432b4 |
null | American businessman and philanthropist
Thomas E. Leavey (1897-1980) was an American business executive, rancher, and philanthropist.
Early life
Born near Ferndale, Humboldt County, California to Irish immigrants, he attended Santa Clara University and served briefly in the U. S. Army during the final months of World War I. In 1923, he received a bachelor's degree from the Georgetown University School of Law and relocated to Los Angeles two years later.
Career
In 1928, he co-founded the company that became the Farmers Insurance Group with John C. Tyler.
Philanthropy
With his wife, Dorothy Leavey, he established the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Foundation in 1952. The Leavey Foundation has donated more than $100 million to support educational, religious, and other institutions.
Death
He died on March 29, 1980, at the age of 82. Dorothy Leavey died in January 1998 at the age of 101. | d3ec8d07-aa4c-4d9a-a968-0126b72e9547 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_Lake,_Wisconsin"} | Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States
Cranberry Lake is an unincorporated community located in the town of Worcester, Price County, Wisconsin, United States. Cranberry Lake is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southeast of Phillips. | 6dcc1694-2228-4062-b685-9a56675f2df7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORK-256"} | Hash algorithm
FORK-256 is a hash algorithm designed in response to security issues discovered in the earlier SHA-1 and MD5 algorithms. After substantial cryptanalysis, the algorithm is considered broken.
Background
In 2005, Xiaoyun Wang announced an order-
collision attack on the government's hash standard SHA-1. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the body responsible for setting cryptographic standards in the United States, concluded this was a practical attack (as previous estimates were order-
) and began encouraging additional research into hash functions and their weaknesses. As part of this effort, NIST hosted two workshops where potential new algorithms, including FORK-256, were introduced and discussed. Rather than immediately select any of these algorithms, NIST conducted a public competition from 2007–2012 which ultimately resulted in the Keccak algorithm being selected for use as the SHA-3 standard.
Algorithm and Analysis
FORK-256 was introduced at the 2005 NIST Hash workshop and published the following year. FORK-256 uses 512-bit blocks and implements preset constants that change after each repetition. Each block is hashed into a 256-bit block through four branches that divides each 512 block into sixteen 32-bit words that are further encrypted and rearranged.
The initial algorithm garnered significant cryptanalysis, summarized in (Saarinen 2007). Matusiewicz et al. (2006) discovered a collision attack with complexity of
. Mendel et al. (2006) independently derived a similar attack. The following year Matusiewicz's team improved their attack to no worse than
and (Contini 2007) demonstrated a practical implementation of the attack.
In response to these attacks, Hong and his team proposed an improved version of FORK-256. Markku-Juhani Saarinen derived a
-complexity attack again the improved algorithm. By way of comparison, the eventual SHA-3 standard withstands up to an order-
attack.[citation needed]
Deployment
FORK-256 was added to the Botan cryptographic library after its introduction. Botan developer Jack Lloyd removed the algorithm in 2010 after concluding the hash suffered from several weaknesses and had never become widely used. | b50d0954-a775-4c7a-a55b-531185ab61ce |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_early_skyscrapers"} | This list of early skyscrapers details a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1880 and the 1930s, predominantly in the United States cities of New York and Chicago, but also across the rest of the U.S. and in many other parts of the world.
The first skyscrapers (1880–1899)
United States
California
Georgia
Illinois
Iowa
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
New York
New York City
Rochester
Buffalo
Albany
Pennsylvania
Utah
Wisconsin
Washington D.C.
Rest of the world
Asia
Japan
Australia
Melbourne
Sydney
Europe
Netherlands
United Kingdom
The "First Great Age" (1900–19)
United States
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Iowa
Indiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
New York
New York City
Rochester
Buffalo
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Elsewhere in the world
United Kingdom
Argentina
Australia
Germany
Berlin
Jena
Netherlands
Poland
Russia
Moscow
South Africa
Ukraine
Inter-war period, boom and depression (1920–1939)
United States
Arizona
Connecticut
California
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Indiana
Illinois
Iowa
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Jersey
New York
New York City
Buffalo
Rochester
Syracuse
Albany
New Rochelle
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Elsewhere in the world
Australia
Melbourne
Sydney
Austria
Vienna
Argentina
Belgium
Antwerp
Brussels
Ghent
Canada
Montreal
Toronto
Vancouver
China
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Villeurbanne
Germany
Aachen
Berlin
Braunschweig
Chemnitz
Cologne
Dresden
Düsseldorf
Essen
Gera
Hamburg
Hanover
Jena
Leipzig
Magdeburg
Munich
Stuttgart
Hungary
Budapest
Italy
Brescia
Genoa
Milan
Turin
Netherlands
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
New Zealand
Poland
Warsaw
Wroclaw
Katowice
Romania
Bucharest
Russia
Serbia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Madrid
Barcelona
Sweden
Stockholm
Gothenburg
Switzerland
Ukraine
Kyiv
Kharkiv
United Kingdom
London
Manchester
Liverpool | 21c5819a-70c1-4bd2-a57f-af105b2988cf |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic_Hall_(Lynn,_Massachusetts)"} | United States historic place
The Grand Army of the Republic Hall, also known as the General Frederick W. Lander Post No. 5, Grand Army of the Republic, is an historic building located at 58 Andrew Street in Lynn, Massachusetts, in the United States.
The hall was built in 1885 by members of the Grand Army of the Republic as a meeting hall and memorial to the Union Army veterans of the Civil War. Of many such halls built in the country, the Lynn GAR Hall is the largest. Only 13 remain nationwide, and only this one in Massachusetts.
On May 7, 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
The hall is now the Grand Army of the Republic Museum.
History
The hall was the meeting place of the General Frederick W. Lander Post No. 5, which was one of 210 GAR posts in Massachusetts. It was designed by Wheeler & Northend, Lynn architects.
It is now the Grand Army of the Republic Museum. | f3e86461-902f-4c70-ae8e-80dca7f57aec |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanea_calycina"} | Cyanea calycina is a flowering plant in the Campanulaceae family. The IUCN has classified the species as critically endangered. It is native to the Hawaiian Islands. An example is being monitored with a plant cam.
Description
It is a flowering perennial shrub from 1 to 3 meters tall.
Taxonomy
Flowering plant species first discovered by Ludolf Karl Adelbert von Chamisso, and described by Lammers in The Leipzig catalogue of vascular plants, in 2020. | 65aead87-8210-4824-b12f-743d0c9b9516 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Robertson"} | American media mogul and minister (born 1930)
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is an American media mogul, religious broadcaster, political commentator, former presidential candidate, and former Southern Baptist minister. Robertson advocates a conservative Christian ideology and is known for his past activities in Republican party politics. He is associated with the Charismatic Movement within Protestant evangelicalism. He serves as chancellor and CEO of Regent University and chairman of the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN).
On Robertson's own account, he originally set out to be a businessman. He graduated near the top of his class at Yale Law School in 1955 but later failed the New York bar exam, which he described as a minor setback since he never planned to practice law and he already had a career with a major corporation on Wall Street. He became a Christian while having dinner at a restaurant in Philadelphia with an author and WWII veteran, Cornelius Vanderbreggen. After his conversion, Robertson left the corporate world and went into ministry.
Spanning over five decades, Robertson is the founder of major organizations including The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), Regent University, Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, the International Family Entertainment Inc. (ABC Family Channel/Freeform), the American Center for Law & Justice (ACLJ), the Founders Inn and Conference Center, and the Christian Coalition.
Robertson is also a best-selling author and the former host of The 700 Club, a Christian News and TV program broadcast live weekdays on Freeform (formerly ABC Family) from CBN studios, as well as on channels throughout the United States, and on CBN network affiliates worldwide. Robertson announced his retirement at the age of 91 from the 700 Club in October 2021, on the sixtieth anniversary of the first telecast on October 1, 1961 of what eventually became CBN.
The son of U.S. Senator A. Willis Robertson, Robertson was a Southern Baptist and was active as an ordained minister with that denomination for many years, but holds to a charismatic theology not traditionally common among Southern Baptists. He unsuccessfully campaigned to become the Republican Party's nominee in the 1988 presidential election. As a result of his seeking political office, he no longer serves in an official role for any church. His personal influence on media and financial resources make him a recognized, influential, and controversial public voice for conservative Christianity in the United States and around the world.
Early life
Marion Gordon Robertson was born on March 22, 1930, in Lexington, Virginia, into a prominent political family, the younger of two sons. His parents were Absalom Willis Robertson (1887–1971), a conservative Democratic Senator, and Gladys Churchill (née Willis; 1897–1968), a housewife and a musician. At a young age, Robertson was nicknamed Pat by his six-year-old brother, Willis Robertson, Jr., who enjoyed patting him on the cheeks when he was a baby while saying "pat, pat, pat". Later, Robertson thought about which first name he would like people to use. He considered "Marion" to be effeminate, and "M. Gordon" to be affected, so he opted for his childhood nickname "Pat".
When he was eleven, Robertson was enrolled in the preparatory McDonogh School outside Baltimore, Maryland. From 1940 until 1946 he attended The McCallie School in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he graduated with honors. He gained admission to Washington and Lee University, where he received a B.A. in History, graduating magna cum laude. He was also a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the nation’s most prestigious academic honor society. He joined Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Robertson has said, "Although I worked hard at my studies, my real major centered around lovely young ladies who attended the nearby girls schools."
In 1948, the draft was reinstated and Robertson was given the option of joining the Marine Corps or being drafted into the Army; he opted for the first.
Robertson described his military service as follows: "We did long, grueling marches to toughen the men, plus refresher training in firearms and bayonet combat." In the same year, he transferred to Korea, "I ended up at the headquarters command of the First Marine Division," says Robertson. "The Division was in combat in the hot and dusty, then bitterly cold portion of North Korea just above the 38th Parallel later identified as the 'Punchbowl' and 'Heartbreak Ridge.'" For Robertson's service in the Korean War, the US Marines awarded him three Battle Stars.
In 1986, Former Republican Congressman Paul "Pete" McCloskey, Jr., who served with Robertson in Camp Pendleton, wrote a public letter challenging Robertson’s record in the military. Robertson filed a libel suit against McCloskey but he dropped the case in 1988 in order to devote “his full time and energies toward the successful attainment of the Republican nomination for the president of the United States.”
Robertson was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1952 upon his return to the United States. He then went on to receive a law degree from Yale Law School in 1955, near the top of his class. However, he failed his first and only attempt at the New York bar exam necessary for admission to the New York State Bar Association., which did not deter Robertson because he never intended to practice law anyway. Shortly thereafter he underwent a religious conversion and decided against pursuing a career in business. Instead, Robertson attended The Biblical Seminary in New York, where he received a Master of Divinity degree in 1959.
Christian Broadcasting Network
In 1956, Robertson met Dutch missionary Cornelius Vanderbreggen, who impressed Robertson both by his lifestyle and his message. Vanderbreggen quoted Proverbs (3:5, 6), "Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths", which Robertson considers to be the "guiding principle" of his life. He was ordained as a minister of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1961.
In 1960, Robertson established the Christian Broadcasting Network in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He started it by buying the license of a defunct UHF station in nearby Portsmouth. The station, with the call sign WYAH-TV, first broadcast on October 1, 1961. On April 29, 1977, CBN launched a religious cable network, the CBN Satellite Service, which eventually became The Family Channel.
In 1977 CBN became the first direct-to-cable, satellite-delivered television channel in America, delivering content to cable systems all over the country. The venture became so lucrative that it could not continue to be kept under a tax-exempt charity, so Robertson spun off The Family Channel into a separate commercial entity that was sold to News Corporation for $1.9 billion in 1997.
In 1994, he was an endorser of the document Evangelicals and Catholics Together.
Regent University
Robertson founded CBN University, a private Christian university, in 1977 on CBN's Virginia Beach campus. Since its founding, the university has established eight academic schools and offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in over 150 areas of study. It was renamed Regent University in 1990. According to the school's catalog, "a regent is one who represents Christ, our Sovereign, in whatever sphere of life he or she may be called to serve Him."
With more than 11,000 current students, Regent University has ranked the #1 Best Online Bachelor’s Program in Virginia for ten years in a row by U.S. News & World Report, 2022, as well as 2023 Best Graduate Schools-Law, Best Graduate Schools – Social Sciences and Humanities Doctoral Programs – Psychology, 2023 Best Graduate Schools – Public Affairs, and 2023 Best Education Schools by U.S. News & World Report. Robertson serves as its chancellor and CEO.
Robertson is also founder and president of the American Center for Law & Justice, a major public interest law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. and associated with Regent University School of Law in Virginia Beach, Virginia, that defends Constitutional freedoms and conservative Christian ideals. Critics have characterized Robertson as an advocate of dominionism.
Operation Blessing
Robertson's Operation Blessing organization sent medical teams to developing countries to help people who had no access to medical care. In 1994, in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, Robertson solicited donations to provide medical supplies to refugees in neighboring Zaire (present-day Congo), where Robertson also had exploratory diamond mining operations. According to a 1999 article in The Virginian-Pilot, two Operation Blessing pilots who were interviewed alleged that the organization's planes were used to haul diamond-mining equipment to Robertson's mines in Zaire. Robertson has denied the pilots’ accounts.
In its 2021 ranking of "100 Largest Charities,” Forbes ranked Operation Blessing/CBN at #44, with an efficiency rating of over 90%.
Other ventures
Robertson is the founder and chairman of The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) Inc., and founder of International Family Entertainment Inc., Regent University, Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, American Center for Law and Justice, The Flying Hospital, Inc. and several other organizations and broadcast entities. Robertson was the founder and co-chairman of International Family Entertainment Inc. (IFE).
Formed in 1990, IFE produced and distributed family entertainment and information programming worldwide. IFE's principal business was The Family Channel, a satellite delivered cable-television network with 63 million U.S. subscribers. IFE, a publicly held company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, was sold in 1997 to Fox Kids Worldwide, Inc. for $1.9 billion, whereupon it was renamed Fox Family Channel. Disney acquired FFC in 2001 and its name was changed again, to ABC Family. The network was renamed to Freeform on January 12, 2016, though Robertson's sale of the channel continues to require Freeform to carry four hours of CBN/700 Club programming per weekday, along with CBN's yearly telethon.
Robertson is a global businessman with media holdings in Asia, the United Kingdom, and Africa. He struck a deal with Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based General Nutrition Center to produce and market a weight-loss shake he created and promoted on The 700 Club.
In 1999, Robertson entered into a joint venture with the Bank of Scotland to provide financial services in the United States. However, the venture fell through after progressive activists protested over Robertson’s Biblical views on an array of issues.
While some have estimated his wealth to be between $200 million and $1 billion, Robertson has pointed out that these estimates are not based on any facts and are incorrect.
A June 2, 1999 article in The Virginian-Pilot alleged that Robertson had business dealings with Liberian president Charles Taylor, with whom Robertson, according to the article, negotiated a multimillion- dollar contract for gold mining operations in Liberia. Robertson has denied any business dealings with Taylor, and he also denied ever speaking to President George W. Bush about Taylor's alleged activities. On February 4, 2010, at his war crimes trial in the Hague, Taylor testified that Robertson was his main political ally in the U.S., while Robertson has denied ever meeting or speaking to Charles Taylor.
Beginning in the latter part of the 1990s, Rev. Pat Robertson raced thoroughbred horses under the nom de course, Tega Farm. His gelding named Tappat won the 1999 Walter Haight Handicap at Laurel Park and the 2000 Pennsylvania Governor's Cup Handicap at Penn National Race Course. Following this success, Robertson paid $520,000 for a colt he named Mr. Pat. Trained by John Kimmel, Mr. Pat was not a successful runner. He was nominated for, but did not run in, the 2000 Kentucky Derby.
Political service and activism
Robertson is a past president of the Council for National Policy. In 1982, he served on the Victims of Crime Task Force for President Reagan. In Virginia, he served on the Board of the Virginia Economic Development Partnership and on the Governor's Council of Economic Advisors. After his unsuccessful presidential campaign, Robertson started the Christian Coalition, a 1.7-million-member Christian right organization that campaigned mostly for conservative candidates. Billy McCormack, a Southern Baptist pastor in Shreveport, Louisiana, served as one of the four directors of the coalition as well as its vice president.The coalition was sued by the Federal Election Commission "for coordinating its activities with Republican candidates for office in 1990, 1992 and 1994 and failing to report its expenditures," yet the complaint was dismissed by a federal judge. In March 1986, he told Israeli Foreign Affairs that South Africa was a major contributor to the Reagan administration's efforts to help the anti-Sandinista forces.
In 1994, the Coalition was fined for "improperly [aiding] then Representative Newt Gingrich (R-GA) and Oliver North, who was then the Republican Senate nominee in Virginia." Robertson left the Coalition in 2001.
Robertson has been a governing member of the Council for National Policy (CNP): Board of Governors 1982, President Executive Committee 1985–86, member, 1984, 1988, 1998.
On November 7, 2007, Robertson announced that he was endorsing Rudy Giuliani to be the Republican nominee in the 2008 Presidential election. Some social conservatives criticized Robertson's endorsement of Giuliani, a pro-choice candidate who supported gay rights.
While usually associated with the political right, Robertson has endorsed environmental causes. He appeared in a commercial with Al Sharpton, joking about this, and urging people to join the We Can Solve It campaign against global warming.
In January 2009, on a broadcast of The 700 Club, Robertson stated that he is "adamantly opposed" to the division of Jerusalem between Israel and the Palestinians. He also stated that Armageddon is "not going to be fought at Megiddo" but will be the "battle of Jerusalem," when "the forces of all nations come together and try to take Jerusalem away from the Jews. Jews are not going to give up Jerusalem—they shouldn't—and the rest of the world is going to insist they give it up." Robertson added that Jerusalem is a "spiritual symbol that must not be given away" because "Jesus Christ the Messiah will come down to the part of Jerusalem that the Arabs want," and that's "not good."
Robertson has repeatedly called for the legalization of cannabis, saying that it should be treated in a manner analogous to the regulation of alcoholic beverages and tobacco. Robertson has said, "I just think it's shocking how many of these young people wind up in prison and they get turned into hard-core criminals because they had a possession of a very small amount of controlled substance. The whole thing is crazy." In 2014, he turned against the legalization of cannabis.
1988 presidential bid
In September 1986, Robertson announced his intention to seek the Republican nomination for President of the United States. Robertson said he would pursue the nomination only if three million people signed up to volunteer for his campaign by September 1987. Three million responded, and by the time Robertson announced he would be running in September 1987, he also had raised millions of dollars for his campaign fund. He surrendered his ministerial credentials and turned leadership of CBN over to his son, Tim. However, his campaign against incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush was seen as a long shot.[citation needed]
Robertson ran on a standard conservative platform, and as a candidate he embraced the same policies as Ronald Reagan: lower taxes, a balanced budget, and a strong defense.
Robertson's campaign got off to a strong second-place finish in the Iowa caucuses, ahead of Bush. He did poorly in the subsequent New Hampshire primary, however, and was unable to be competitive once the multiple-state primaries began. Robertson ended his campaign before the primaries were finished. His best finish was in Washington, winning the majority of caucus delegates. He later spoke at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans and told his remaining supporters to cast their votes for Bush, who ended up winning the nomination and the election. He then returned to CBN and remained there as a religious broadcaster.
Personal life
Marriage and family
In 1954, Robertson married Amelia "Dede" Elmer a fashion model and beauty queen in the Miss Ohio State contest, who was studying for her masters in nursing at Yale University. She had also been a nursing student at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. They remained married until her death in 2022, and had four children, among them Gordon P. Robertson.
Health
On August 11, 2017, Robertson was hospitalized after sustaining minor injuries in a fall from a horseback riding incident.
On February 2, 2018, Robertson suffered an embolic stroke at his home in Virginia Beach. A member of his family noticed his symptoms and alerted emergency medical personnel. He was then taken to the nearest stroke center where he was administered the clot-busting drug tPA. Robertson was responsive, awake, and moving all of his limbs about eighty minutes after his stroke began. He was discharged two days later and recovered at home. Following this incident, Robertson and his family thanked the paramedics and medical staff for their "extraordinary care and rapid response." They also urged people to learn about stroke, its symptoms and treatments. Robertson resumed his hosting duties on The 700 Club on February 12.
In June 2019, Robertson was absent from The 700 Club for several days after he broke three ribs in a fall. Upon his return, described the experience as very painful but said "Us old guys are tough and we try to stay in there and keep on going." He then thanked viewers for their prayers.
Controversies
As a commentator and minister, Robertson frequently generates controversy. Some of his remarks have been the subject of national and international media attention prompting responses from politicians.
Robertson's service as a minister has included the belief in the healing power of God. He has cautioned believers that some Protestant denominations may harbor the spirit of the Antichrist; prayed to deflect hurricanes; denounced Hinduism as "demonic" and Islam as "Satanic".
Robertson has denounced left-wing views of feminism, activism regarding homosexuality, abortion, and liberal college professors. Critics claim Robertson had business dealings in Africa with former president of Liberia and convicted war criminal Charles Taylor and former Zaire president Mobutu Sese Seko who both had been internationally denounced for claims of human rights violations. Robertson was criticized internationally for his call for Hugo Chávez's assassination and for his remarks concerning Ariel Sharon's ill-health as an act of God. In an interview on The 700 Club, Robertson stated: "I have said last year that Israel was entering into the most dangerous period of its entire existence as a nation. That is intensifying this year with the loss of Sharon. Sharon was personally a very likeable person. I am sad to see him in this condition. But I think we need to look at the Bible and the Book of Joel. The prophet Joel makes it very clear that God has enmity against those who, quote, 'divide my land.' God considers this land to be his. You read the Bible, he says, 'This is my land.' And for any prime minister of Israel who decides he going carve it up and give it away, God says, 'No. This is mine.' And the same thing -- I had a wonderful meeting with Yitzhak Rabin in 1974. He was tragically assassinated, and it was terrible thing that happened, but nevertheless, he was dead. And now Ariel Sharon, who was again a very likeable person, a delightful person to be with. I prayed with him personally. But here he is at the point of death. He was dividing God's land, and I would say woe unto any prime minister of Israel who takes a similar course to appease the EU, the United Nations or United States of America. God said, 'This land belongs to me, you better leave it alone.'”
During the week of September 11, 2001, Robertson interviewed Jerry Falwell, who expressed his own opinion that "the ACLU has to take a lot of blame for this" in addition to "the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays, and the lesbians [who have] helped [the terror attacks of September 11th] happen." Robertson replied, "I totally concur". Both evangelists were seriously criticized by President George W. Bush for their comments, for which Falwell later issued an apology.
Less than two weeks after Hurricane Katrina killed 1,836 people, Robertson implied on the September 12, 2005 broadcast of The 700 Club that the storm was God's punishment in response to America's abortion policy. He suggested that the September 11 attacks and the disaster in New Orleans "could ... be connected in some way".
On November 9, 2009, Robertson said that Islam is "a violent political system bent on the overthrow of the governments of the world and world domination". He went on to elaborate that "you're dealing with not a religion, you're dealing with a political system, and I think we should treat it as such, and treat its adherents as such as we would members of the communist party, members of some fascist group".
Robertson's response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake also drew international condemnation. Robertson claimed that Haiti's founders had sworn a "pact to the Devil" in order to liberate themselves from the French slave owners and indirectly attributed the earthquake to the consequences of the Haitian people being "cursed" for doing so. CBN later issued a statement saying that Robertson's comments "were based on the widely-discussed 1791 slave rebellion led by Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, where the slaves allegedly made a famous pact with the devil in exchange for victory over the French". Various figures in mainline and evangelical Christianity have on occasion disavowed some of Robertson's remarks.
In March 2015, Robertson compared Buddhism to a disease on The 700 Club. The American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), a conservative Christian watchdog group Robertson founded to promote Christian prayer in public schools, called for a multi-pronged attack on mindfulness programs because "they appear to be similar to Buddhist religious practices. Proponents of secular mindfulness say mindfulness is not a Buddhist practice; it is a contemplative practice used in religious traditions around the world by many different names."
Publications
Robertson's book The New World Order (1991) became a New York Times best seller. A review by Ephraim Radner, an Episcopalian professor of theology, stated:
In his published writings, especially his 1991 book The New World Order, Pat Robertson has propagated theories about a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. Michael Land raised the issue in February in The New York Times Book Review, and in April Jacob Heilbrun, writing in The New York Review of Books, cited chapter and verse of Robertson's borrowings from well-known anti-Semitic works.
In October 2003, Robertson was interviewed by author Joel Mowbray about his book Dangerous Diplomacy, a book critical of the State Department. Robertson said that we could change American diplomacy by ridding ourselves of a large part of the State Department.
Planned Parenthood is teaching kids to fornicate, teaching people to have adultery, every kind of bestiality, homosexuality, lesbianism—everything that the Bible condemns.
Pat Robertson, The 700 Club, 4/9/91 | 16b1f899-b2d4-4a63-90db-e26832bec47e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orna_Barbivai"} | 1st Female Maj. Gen. in Israeli Army
Orna Barbivai (Hebrew: אוֹרְנָה בַּרְבִּיבַאי; born 5 September 1962) is the former Minister of Economy, a retired major general in the Israel Defense Forces, and the former head of its Manpower Directorate. She was the first woman to be made Major-general (Aluf), the IDF's second highest rank. On 1 January 2019, she announced that she would enter politics and seek a Knesset seat on the list of Yesh Atid, which she won as part of the Blue and White slate. Her place in the Knesset was taken by Yasmin Fridman.
Biography
Growing up in a family of eight children in Afula, Israel, Barbivai is the daughter of Tzila, a Jewish immigrant from Iraq, and Eli Shochetman, a Jewish immigrant from Romania. She was drafted into the IDF in 1981, and has spent her entire career as an officer in the Manpower Directorate. Barbivai holds a bachelor's degree in Social Sciences and Humanities from Ben Gurion University, and a Master of Business Administration Degree from Haifa University. She is also the graduate of the "Turn-point" administration course for senior military officials.
She is married to Moshe Barbivai, and they have three children. They live in Tel Aviv.
Military career
Barbivai was the first female to hold the IDF positions of Chief Adjutant Officer of a Command, Chief Adjutant Officer, Head of the Ground Forces' manpower section, and head of the Individuals' Sector in the Manpower Directorate. In June 2008, she was appointed chief of staff of the Manpower Directorate (AKA).
On 26 May 2011, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak approved her appointment as head of the IDF's Manpower Directorate, replacing Maj. Gen. Avi Zamir. The promotion of Barbivai, a mother of three, to the rank of Major General was praised by Israeli opposition leader Tzipi Livni, who said that "there is no rank that is too heavy for a woman's shoulders, and there is no doubt that Brig.-Gen. Barbivai was appointed because of her talents". On 23 June, Barbivai received her Maj. Gen. ranks and the command of AKA during an official ceremony at the Chief of Staff headquarters in Camp Rabin. In October 2014, after 33 years of active military service, Barbivai retired from the IDF.
Political career
In January 2019, Barbivai announced her intention to enter politics, and she later joined Yesh Atid, where she announced that she will run for a Knesset seat in the upcoming April 2019 Knesset election. Barbivai was number four on the party's list of candidates. After Yesh Atid formed an alliance with the Israel Resilience Party and Telem, which came to be known as Blue and White, Barbivai was placed on the tenth spot of its list, and was elected to the Knesset as a result. She remained on the tenth spot on the alliance's list in both the September election and the 2020 election, and retained her seat in both instances.
In March of 2020, Yesh Atid and Telem split from Blue and White, forming their own faction. After the two parties split in January of 2021, Barbivai was given the second spot on Yesh Atid's list ahead of the March election, where Barbivai retained her seat. following the inauguration of the twenty-fourth Knesset, Barbivai was appointed to chair the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, becoming the first woman to do so. In June, following the formation of the Thirty-sixth government, Barbivai was sworn in as the Minister of Economy. | e41e544c-5ef0-4697-9af6-49276bdc8cbe |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cansel_Deniz"} | Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner
Cansel Deniz (born 26 August 1991) is a Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner.
She represented Kazakhstan at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's 67 kg.
At the 2018 Asian Games, she clinched a silver medal in the women's +67kg event losing to South Korean Lee Da-bin. | 05632388-b38d-42df-83e8-b01878264016 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlyle_Jones"} | Australian rules footballer, born 1904
Australian rules footballer
Carlyle Thornton Jones (3 April 1904 – 2 June 1951, referred to as Tom Jones in some sources) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Death
He died on 2 June 1951 in Hamilton, Victoria, and he was buried at Box Hill Cemetery. | 930cb498-fa4f-4d2a-80e7-44dc62abbf09 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacraraju"} | Mountain in the Andes of Peru
Chacraraju or Chakraraju (possibly from Quechua chakra little farm; field, land sown with seed, rahu snow, ice, mountain with snow) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca range in the Andes of Peru. The mountain has two distinctive peaks: Chacraraju Oeste (west summit; 6,108 metres (20,039 ft)) and Chacraraju Este (east summit; 6,001 metres (19,688 ft)). Chacraraju is located in Huaylas Province, Ancash; south and southeast of Pirámide and east of Lake Parón. The peak is accessible from the Pisco base camp at Cebollapampa.
Chacraraju is considered the steepest and the most difficult-to-climb six-thousander in the Andes. A French expedition led by Lionel Terray first climbed the mountain on 31 July 1956 (Chakrarahu Oeste) and on 5 August 1962 (Chakrarahu Este) using what have since become the normal routes (northeast face and northeast ridge). Greg Mortimer was badly injured during a later attempt to climb the mountain. | dcc934d1-16bf-44e2-8bf8-1ddba9cbc263 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Monitor_(LSV-5)"} | 1943 Osage-class vehicle landing ship
USS Monitor (LSV-5/AN-1/AP-160/MCS-5) was an Osage-class vehicle landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named after the original USS Monitor (the first ironclad warship commissioned by the USN and the first U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name), and was the second U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.
Laid down on 21 October 1941 as netlayer AN-1 by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation of Pascagoula, Mississippi and launched on 29 January 1943; sponsored by Mrs. John A. Terhune. She was redesignated AP-160 on 2 August 1943, and first commissioned on 18 March 1944. Due to delays in construction, the ship was transferred under her own power to Todd Shipyards, Brooklyn, New York for completion on 2 April. Redesignated as a Landing Ship, Vehicle, on 21 April 1944, USS Monitor (LSV-5) was commissioned for service on 14 June 1944.
Service history
Philippines, 1944–1945
Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, Monitor steamed via the Panama Canal to Pearl Harbor, arriving 10 August. Loading troops, cargo and amphibious DUKWs, the ship joined the 3rd Fleet off Leyte in October, participating in the landings at Leyte Gulf on 20 October and then removing wounded for transport to Morotai. She returned to Leyte with reinforcements 14 November and then sailed for Sansapor where she reloaded troops and equipment for the invasion of Luzon. Steaming for Lingayen Gulf, under air attack much of the way, the vehicle landing ship put her assault force ashore 9 January 1945 and then stood by in support, shooting down an enemy aircraft that night with only 28 rounds of 40 mm expended.
In the closing days of January, the ship took part in two invasions in support of the Lingayen operation, the landing on San Felipe and La Paz on 29 January, and the landing of Army Rangers on Grande Island in Subic Bay on 30 January.
Okinawa, 1945
Monitor then steamed for Guadalcanal where she loaded marines for transport to Okinawa, participating in the "D-Day" landings on 1 April and then standing by off that hotly contested island until 10 May when she sailed for the United States. During May, June, and July, the LSV made several trips between Pearl Harbor and the west coast with passengers and cargo and then in August proceeded to Saipan to load medical personnel and supplies, departing on the 15th for Japan.
Occupation duties, 1945–1947
Joining the 3rd Fleet off Tokyo, Monitor took on board 1,000 sailors from battleships Missouri, Indiana, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and Alabama, conducting the first landing on the Japanese homeland on 30 August. The ship then served as a hospital ship to assist in the removal of Allied prisoners of war, over 8,000 repatriates being received on board and helped on their way before the amphibious vessel departed Japan 19 September. Returning to the United States, Monitor was assigned to "Operation Magic Carpet," the massive program to bring the troops home. She operated on this mission until decommissioning in the Reserve Fleet, Galveston, Texas 22 May 1947.[citation needed]
Reclassified MCS-5 on 18 October 1956, Monitor was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1961 and transferred to the Maritime National Defense Reserve Fleet in Beaumont, Texas.[citation needed]
Monitor earned four battle stars for World War II service.[citation needed]
Citations | 0399ad71-0895-4263-9b97-50149f0b7caf |
null | Institute of Culture was an institution of vocational education established in the Soviet Union and still existing in some post-Soviet states, aimed at training of workers in various areas of culture and organization of leisure activities.
History
The Soviet establishment paid considerable attention to planning of the organization of the activities of Soviet people in their spare time, to combat hard drinking, hooliganism and other crime, especially among younger generation. The phrase "cultural leisure" (культурный досуг) was among the Soviet cliches: supposedly the proper organization of the cultural leisure of the Soviet people was the major tool in combatting the "vestiges of capitalism" and the molding of the "New Soviet Man".
Institutes of Culture were the institutions to train the professional "organizers of the cultural leisure", such as heads of hobby groups, of dance schools and collectives, folk dance and music ensembles, managers of various sections of Palaces of Culture, managers of "culture-educational work" in various schools, Young Pioneer camps, etc. | b1a9265e-9905-438f-a953-6cf975913970 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipro"} | Nipro Corporation (ニプロ株式会社, Nipro Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese medical equipment manufacturing company. Founded in 1954, the company is headquartered in Osaka and is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Securities Exchange. As of 2013 the company has 58 subsidiaries in Japan, Asia, North and South America and Europe.
Business units and products | 1e301aa5-f865-4c11-9c47-2ebd22842678 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_(band)"} | American punk rock band
Discount was an American punk rock band based in Gainesville, Florida. The band originally formed in Vero Beach, Florida in 1995, but relocated to Gainesville in 1999. They performed their last show on August 19, 2000 at Market Street Pub in Gainesville, Florida. Members have gone on to form The Dead Weather, The Kills, The Kitchen, Black Cougar Shock Unit, Unitas, The Routineers, The Draft, Laserhead, Stolen Parts, Monikers, and Blab School.
During its span, Discount released three full-length albums, several EPs, and two b-side collections. The band toured with As Friends Rust and Dillinger Four across the United States for five weeks from June 11 to July 18, 1998. In promotion of their split CD/7" with As Friends Rust, Discount embarked on a six-week European tour, from December 3, 1998 to January 14, 1999, accompanied by Swedish hardcore group Purusam. The European tour included a stop to play at the Good Life Recordings Winter Festival, in Kortrijk, Belgium.
Discography
Albums
EPs/7 inches/splits
B-side compilations
Members
Final lineup
Former members | 69ce8542-3151-4f04-8b3f-8d08e8401f2d |
null | No Heart may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term | ce6790f8-f45e-4839-895b-a1e6128d7090 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isard"} | Look up isard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Isard may refer to:
People with the surname
Fictional | c2040cc5-e61c-43a9-b7a4-63814db62320 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphacodes_balli"} | Species of true bug
Delphacodes balli is a species of delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae. It is found in North America. | 7cfc1bb9-a274-496c-99f5-73ded3a384f1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lila_Katzen"} | American sculptor
Lila Katzen (30 December 1925, in Brooklyn, NY – 20 September 1998, in New York, NY), born Lila Pell, was an American sculptor of fluid, large-scale metal abstractions.
Education and early work
Katzen was born and raised in Brooklyn. She attended Cooper Union and later studied under Hans Hofmann in New York City and Provincetown, MA. Her first solo exhibition was held at the Baltimore Museum of Art in 1955, when she was still a painter. Later Katzen had solo exhibitions at the Montgomery Museum of Art in Alabama and the Ulrich Museum of Art in Kansas among others. In 1962, Katzen accepted a position at the Maryland Institute, College of Art, where she remained until 1980.
Lila Katzen was discouraged from continuing her study of sculpture by her professor at Cooper Union, who told her that she must be a painter because she “wanted things to happen too quickly” Katzen's paintings were abstract, semi-figurative works, in which she took certain aspects from the figure and related them to a spatial concept. As she developed her skills in painting, Katzen began to look for a challenge by experimenting with different, more sculptural kinds of painting. She progressed from collages on canvas, to staining nylon canvases. Eventually, feeling restricted by even the semi-transparent nylon, Katzen started to paint on acrylic sheets in the late 1950s.
Acrylic paintings allowed Katzen to make a transition into sculpture. She experimented with fluorescent paints and backlights, using light as a medium in itself. In The Pressure Light, Katzen discovered that light was more complex when it could interact with the environment. This led to her exploration of the duality of light as it is confined within the boundary of the piece and simultaneously exists beyond its boundaries, including the spectator in the art itself.
Monumental sculpture
Katzen's experiments and discoveries led her to construct Light Floors, exhibited at the Architectural League in New York City in 1968. Light Floors was constructed in a geometric motif and displayed across the floors of three rooms in the gallery. Both yellow and ultraviolet lights were shown in different sequences through the acrylic. A press release for the installation noted that, “Miss Katzen exercises complete control over her medium. She states that ‘light in all its aspects is employed. Reflectiveness, transparency, emission, and the transformation from spatial to temporal coordinates is situated.’ The result is that ‘arbitrariness and effect are canceled out.” Katzen continued to use light as a medium in The Universe is the Environment (1969) and Liquid Tunnel, an octagonal tunnel that featured fluorescent light shown through water, which played with the variations of optics and the similarities of liquids and solids.
In the early 1970s, completely immersed in and known for her sculptures, Katzen created some of her best-known works, such as Slip Edge Bliss (1973) and Trajho (1973). Both explore the flexibility of their materials. Katzen stretched and manipulated metals, such as steel and aluminum, to make them appear fluid and ribbon-like. The metal needed to be manipulated immediately and with full knowledge of what the artist wanted to accomplish. The artist explained, "No chance for mistakes. You can’t reroll it. It’ll lose its elasticity." Starting with thin sheets of metal foil, Katzen would manipulate and fold the material with her fingers, transforming the cold steel with human sensuality. As Donald Kuspit noted,
"the graciousness of Katzen's supple, textured stainless steel and bronze (sometimes aluminum sculptures) curve like voluptuous ribbon, often climaxing in what can only be regarded as a kind of bow.”
Many of Katzen's sculptures are large outdoor works. All are designed to relate to their environment, which references her earlier trials and discoveries with light. Katzen also designed her sculptures to relate to the site of the work while withstanding and encouraging human interaction, a direct contrast to the Minimalist aesthetic that was so prevalent in the 1960s. Many of her sculptures are rearrangeable and extend the invitation to sit, swing, lie down, or crawl under them. Katzen developed deep emotional connections to her work, considering them to be like her children. She has said that she “feels marvelous when her works find a home”
Later career
Whereas her best-known sculptural work begun in the 1970s was characterized by smooth, sinuous, rounded curves often described as "lyrical," in the early 1990s, she produced a new body of work whose pieces consisted of welded sharp and jagged pieces of steel described by one writer as "harsh and aggressive," representing a fragmented and fragile culture. Works made during this period were on view in the exhibition "Lila Katzen Quincentenary Sculpture Exhibition: Isabel, Columbus and the Statue of Liberty" at the Muscarelle Museum of Art in Spring of 1992; the works shown included "Exploration Queen," "Queen of the Five Shields," and "Alligator Queen" and created "a rich imaginary portrait" of the "ghostly female persona" of Queen Isabella of Castille. Another exhibition of later work was "Lila Katzen: Force I Sculptures and Drawings" at the Ulrich Museum of Art in the Fall of 1995. Pieces in that exhibition included Nerve Threads (1992), Muzzle Warp (1993), and Paleolithic Map (1993). In an article released in conjunction with the exhibition "Lila Katzen: Force I Sculptures and Drawings", Dana Self, Curator of Exhibitions, noted,
"The past sculptures, while stylistically and contextually aggressive, were often smooth, sinuous, gently rounded and looping steel shapes that demonstrated her adherence to canons of beauty such as the notion that is lyrical and graceful. Katzen cites Italian Baroque artist Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Theresa as one influential example of Baroque form that inspired her to develop floating masses in space that seemed to belie their weight. In her new sculpture Katzen resists art historical influences. Instead, the sculptures in this exhibition are Katzen's interpretation, in an abstract sculptural language, of current social and cultural issues...Katzen puts aside the dramatic lyricism of her former works for a harsh and aggressive style to both interrupt art history and negotiate the present."
Her work is in the collections of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, the J. Paul Getty Museum, Santa Monica, CA, the Ulrich Museum of Art, and the Georgia Museum of Art.
Feminism
Katzen was also an outspoken opponent of sexual discrimination and was known for her commitment to the feminist movement in the arts. Katzen recounted her own experiences with sexual discrimination. According to her, while her teacher, Hans Hofmann, was supportive of her work while in the studio, he became irritated when he discovered she was serious about her career as an artist. In one incident, during a dinner party that Katzen planned for Hofmann and his friends, Hofmann gave a toast to art declaring, "Only the men have the wings." Katzen was outraged and the two argued. In fact, Katzen's art was viewed differently because of her outspoken feminism: a New York Times review of a sculpture called Ruins and Constructions linked Katzen's use of Mayan motifs to her "militant feminism."
Mary Beth Edelson's feminist piece Some Living American Women Artists / Last Supper (1972) appropriated Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper, with the heads of notable women artists collaged over the heads of Christ and his apostles; Katzen was among those notable women artists. This image, addressing the role of religious and art historical iconography in the subordination of women, became "one of the most iconic images of the feminist art movement." | a8340808-c2b8-41ef-bc57-43e6bc0b9053 |
null | Finnish footballer
Jarmo Alatensiö (9 November 1963 – 23 April 2003) was a Finnish football player.
Alatensiö started his career in Porin Pallo-Toverit (later known as FC Jazz). He played three seasons in the Finnish top division Mestaruussarja and was signed by Swedish Allsvenskan club IK Brage in 1988. Two years later Alatensiö returned to Pori and played the rest of his career for PPT/FC Jazz. He won two Finnish championship titles with FC Jazz in 1993 and 1996.
Jarmo Alatensiö capped 19 times for the Finland national football team. He made his debut in September 1987 against Yugoslavia and scored his only international goal against Czechoslovakia in January 1988. After his professional years Alatensiö made a short career as a manager by coaching fourth and second tier clubs FC PoPa and MuSa at his home town Pori.
Honours
Club titles
Personal honours | 313cf075-97ac-4a16-9068-402ee91fec94 |
null | Shrugged is a comic series published by Aspen MLT, publishers of Soulfire and Fathom. It was written by Aspen founder Michael Turner. It was also contributed by then vice president Frank Mastromauro and drawn by Aspen artist Micah Gunnell.
Story
The story follows a teenager named Theo, who possesses two entities in his life, Ange and Dev, who try to influence him at every decision. They both come from an alternate dimension called Perspecta, where a citizen from each "side" is assigned to a human being in our dimension. Angelia is Theo's representative from Elysia and Devonshire is the representative from Nefario, their character designs fitting the typical stereotypes of an "Angel" and a "Devil".
Having begun in May 2006, Shrugged faced ongoing delays due to co-creator Michael Turner's struggle with cancer. Turner died in mid-2008, with Shrugged completing its eight-issue run in January 2009. It was collected in trade paperback in late February-early March 2009. | 316ed8ee-57db-475c-8a8b-f57f97eb41d2 |
null | Richmond Park is a Royal Park in London.
Richmond Park may also refer to:
Australia
United Kingdom
Elsewhere
Topics referred to by the same term | 026e69d5-0d03-4719-9546-6b6201397bfd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urs,_Ari%C3%A8ge"} | Commune in Occitanie, France
Commune in Occitania, France
Urs is a commune in the Ariège department in southern France.
Population | c57abbb6-b9b0-421e-8396-86de0123357b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirlan_Murzayev"} | Kyrgyz footballer
Mirlan Abdraimovich Murzayev (Kyrgyz: Мирлан Мурзаев; Russian: Мирлан Абдраимович Мурзаев; born 29 March 1990) is a Kyrgyz professional footballer who plays as a forward for I-League club Mohammedan and the Kyrgyzstan national team.
Club career
In January 2014, Murzayev moved to Denizlispor in the TFF First League on a six-month contract.
While playing for FC Dordoi Bishkek in May 2015, Murzayev became the 17th player to score 100 goals in Kyrgyzstan League and Cup matches.
In January 2016, Murzayev was linked with a move to Al-Ahli, a move that was blocked by his current club at the time, Afjet Afyonspor.
On 9 March 2019, Dordoi Bishkek announced the return of Murzayev. On 29 July 2019, Dordoi Bishkek announced that Murzayev was leaving the club to move the KTFF 1. Lig. On 5 August, Murzayev was announced as a new signing for Doğan Türk Birliği.
On 1 August 2021, Mirlan Murzayev joined Indian Super League side Chennaiyin FC on a one–year deal. He made his debut on 23 November against Hyderabad FC in a 1–0 win.[citation needed] He scored his first goal on 18 December in their 2–1 win against Odisha.[citation needed]
On 17 July 2022, Mirlan would join Navbahor Namangan on a free from Alga. In December, he returned to India to play in the I-League, signing with Mohammedan Sporting.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 29 March 2022
International goals
Scores and results list Kyrgyzstan's goal tally first.
Honours
Dordoi Bishkek | 0f08df01-289b-476f-9bce-7a1930ef7de4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram_P._Haring"} | American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
Abram Pye Haring (November 15, 1840 – February 22, 1915) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Haring received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Haring's medal was won for his actions at Bachelor's Creek in North Carolina. Haring and the eleven men under his command resisted an overwhelming attack from Confederate forces on February 1, 1864. He was honored with the award on June 28, 1890.
Haring was born in Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and entered service in New York City, where he was later buried.
Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Lieutenant (Infantry) Abram Pye Haring, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 1 February 1864, while serving with Company G, 132d New York Infantry, in action at Bachelor's Creek, North Carolina. With a command of 11 men, on picket, First Lieutenant Haring resisted the attack of an overwhelming force of the enemy. | 81462198-cd7b-408d-84b6-cecc5b776af6 |
null | outsider is an album released by roger taylor on the 1st of October 2021, the albums singles so far are, were all just trying to get by (with KT Tunstall) and the clapping song, in an interview roger taylor said it has a more "nastalgic feel" and "more grown up" then his other albums. | 9cad14d8-0276-4be7-a7c7-3cf9b24ce31c |
null | Timothy or Tim Carter may refer to: | 5ac98c34-52da-4f3c-a4e5-eeccbacc742d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_(disambiguation)"} | Look up walk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A walk is walking, the main form for animal locomotion on land, distinguished from running and crawling.
Walk or WALK may refer to:
Places
Persons
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Albums and EPs
Songs
Periodicals
Radio stations
Other uses | 5b4c545b-1e86-4b0d-9ad3-d1345534815e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jablanica_(mountain_range)"} | Mountain range in Albania
Jablanica (Albanian: Jabllanica or Jabllanicë pronounced [ˈjabɫa'nitsa,ˈjabɫa'nitsə]; Macedonian: Јабланица pronounced [ˈjabɫanitsa]) is a mountain range in Southern and Southeastern Europe, stretching north–south direction across the border of Albania and North Macedonia.
Geography
The long mountain ridge is higher than 2,000 m (6,562 ft) for approximately 50 km (31 mi), while the highest part, located in its very center, is Black Stone at 2,257 m (7,405 ft) high. Both countries have 50% of the mountain, Albania the west and North Macedonia the east. Jablanica Mountain contains many large mountain lakes. Shebenik mountain is located just to the west of Jablanica and give name to the Shebenik-Jabllanice National Park. The closest towns to Jablanica are Librazhd in Albania and Struga in North Macedonia.
The mountain range is one of the few places in the Balkans that hold the Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx martinoi), a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). The total number of this vulnerable species is estimated at below 100 individuals. | 902dd15c-9eb4-495b-8f2e-ffe5f913139e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Iraqi_parliamentary_election"} | Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 20 October 1984. The elections were contested by 782 candidates, and saw the Ba'ath Party win 183 of the 250 seats.
Results | ebd46672-6815-4339-b44d-ee14e6dbe9c3 |
null | Q92 may refer to:
Radio stations
Canada
United States
Other uses
Topics referred to by the same term | fd09c6fa-7d4b-48ff-982b-ca8bed1d37c1 |
null | "Oranges and Lemons" is a nursery rhyme.
Oranges and Lemons may also refer to: | 52c6fbb9-379f-4b43-a158-5c794c1a316e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-102"} | Shortened carbine version of the AK-101 rifle
The AK-102 is a shortened carbine version of the AK-101 rifle, which was derived from the original AK-47 design and its AK-74 successor. The AK-102 is chambered to fire 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, and is made exclusively for export purposes.
Design
Compared to the AK-101 and AK-103, which are full-size rifles of similar design, the AK-102, 104, and 105 feature shortened barrels that make them a middle ground between a full rifle and the more compact AKS-74U. Whereas the AK-10x rifles have longer barrels, full-length gas pistons, and solid, side-folding polymer stocks, the AKS-74U is shorter, with a skeleton stock.
The rifle's receiver is made of stamped steel. The magazine is lighter, and more durable than older models, being made out of reinforced fiberglass. The stock is made of shock-resistant polymer and folds, making it easier to use from vehicles or on the move.
The AK-102 uses an adjustable, notched, rear tangent iron sight; it is calibrated in 100 m (109 yard) increments from 100 to 500 meters (109 to 547 yards). The front sight is post-adjustable for elevation in the field if needed. Horizontal adjustment is done by the factory or armory before issue. The AK-102 has a muzzle booster derived from the AKS-74U.
The 100-series AKs are produced by the Izhmash factory in Izhevsk, Russia.
Variants
KP-102
The KP-102 is a 12.5 inch, pistol-based version of the KR-101 and KR-102 made by Kalashnikov-USA. The difference in naming, i.e. KR-102 instead of AK-102, is because "Kalashnikov-USA is unrelated in operation and sales to Kalashnikov Concern" as Kalashnikov-USA does not operate under an authorized agreement with Kalashnikov Concern.
In the United States, import of Kalashnikov rifles made by Kalashnikov Concern was banned by the Obama Administration in 2014.
Users | a2aa6dbf-a52c-4173-82aa-f2964efc99de |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmaeodera_nigrovittata"} | Species of beetle
Acmaeodera nigrovittata is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. A. Nigrovittata is found in North America. | c5ced020-d4da-43af-83dc-3469cebd6c88 |
null | Robert Poole Finch (1724-1803) was an English divine.
Life
Finch was the son of the Rev. Richard Finch. He was born at Greenwich 3 March 1723–4, entered Merchant Taylors' School in 1736, and was admitted a member of Peterhouse, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. in 1743, M.A. in 1747 and D.D. in 1772. He was ordained as a deacon in 1744, and appointed a curate at Greenwich in 1748. On becoming a priest he was chosen to be chaplain of Guy's Hospital, a position he held for 37 years. In 1755 he was appointed to the lectureship of St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange, which he continued to hold to the time of his death.
He was a preacher of some eminence. He published numerous sermons, and, in 1788, a treatise entitled Considerations upon the Use and Abuse of Oaths judicially taken, which passed through many editions and became a standard work among the publications of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. In it he insisted that oaths should be administered with solemnity, condemned common swearing, and advocated the death sentence for the crime of perjury.
In 1771 he was appointed rector of St. Michael's, Cornhill, but resigned in 1784, on becoming rector of St. John the Evangelist, Westminster. Between 1775 and 1802 he was one of the four treasurers of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. In 1781 he was made prebendary of Westminster, and retaining this appointment until his death, 18 May 1803, was buried in the abbey. | 421b9639-7079-4c8f-bb83-a1bcbc73ba79 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslamabad,_Sepidan"} | Village in Fars, Iran
Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام اباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Beyza Rural District, Beyza District, Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248, in 53 families. | 331d8b74-dd85-424e-9028-39e2570ad4bc |
null | List of accounting companies in Kenya. They are regulated by the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya: | bcf79833-a7fb-4310-a98b-cefac9ca0b1d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Hungarian_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles"} | 2019 tennis event results
Marco Cecchinato was the defending champion, but withdrew due to illness.
Matteo Berrettini won the title, defeating Filip Krajinović in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1.
Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Key
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
External Links | 400d9107-1ef9-4344-bbc3-2fd7ff535e68 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pomeroy_Stone"} | American military officer, engineer, and surveyor
Charles Pomeroy Stone (September 30, 1824 – January 24, 1887) was a career United States Army officer, civil engineer, and surveyor. He fought with distinction in the Mexican–American War, earning two brevet promotions for his performance in the conflict. After resigning and surveying for the Mexican Government, he returned to the U.S. Army to fight in the American Civil War.
Stone was reportedly the first volunteer to enter the Union Army, and during the war he served as a general officer, noted for his involvement at the Battle of Ball's Bluff in October 1861. Held responsible for the Union defeat, Stone was arrested and imprisoned for almost six months, mostly for political reasons. He never received a trial, and after his release he would not hold a significant command during the war again. Stone later served again with distinction as a general in the Egyptian Army, and is also noted for his role in constructing the base of the Statue of Liberty.
Early life
Stone was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts, a son of Alpheus Fletcher Stone, the town's doctor, and his wife Fanny Cushing. He was one of ten children in a Protestant family of Puritan descent. In 1841 he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point and graduated four years later, standing seventh out of 41 cadets. His time at the academy was shared with a number of other recruits who would go on to have important roles in the Civil War and the lead-up to it, including such ardent secessionists as William Logan Crittenden. He was appointed a brevet second lieutenant of ordnance on July 1, 1845. He and his younger sister, Fanny Cushing Parker (1827–1898), were Roman Catholic converts.
Military career, marriage and civilian career
Ordnance officer
Stone stayed at West Point, serving as an assistant professor and teaching geography, history, and also ethics from August 28, 1845, to January 13, 1846. Afterwards he was posted to the Watervliet Arsenal in New York as Assistant Ordnance Officer, and then to Fortress Monroe at Old Point Comfort, Virginia, both in 1846. While there Stone worked in the facilities arsenal and was an assistant to Capt. Benjamin Huger, whom he would serve under in the war with Mexico.
Mexican war
Fighting with Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott's army in the Mexican–American War, Stone was promoted to second lieutenant on March 3, 1847. He first saw action during the siege of Veracruz from March 9–29, then the skirmishing near Amazoque on May 14, and the Battle of Contreras on August 19–20. Stone then fought notably during the Battle of Molino del Rey on September 8, and was appointed a brevet first lieutenant from that date for "gallant and meritorious conduct" in this fight.
On September 13, 1847, Stone participated in the Battle of Chapultepec, and was appointed a brevet captain for his conduct on that day. He then fought in the Battle for Mexico City until September 15, and was part of a successful climbing party of the volcano at Popocatepetl, raising an American Flag at its summit. He was an original member of the Aztec Club of 1847, a military society formed by U.S. Army officers who had served in Mexico.
Pacific coast
After the war with Mexico ended, Stone returned to the Watervliet Arsenal in 1848, again taking up his position as Assistant Ordnance Officer. He then was granted a leave of absence from the U.S. Army, and proceeded to Europe to study military practices of the armies there for two years. In 1850 he resumed duty at the Watervliet Arsenal briefly, and then was given command of the Ft. Monroe Arsenal into 1851. Later that year Stone was appointed Chief of Ordnance for the Pacific Department, a post he held until 1855, and also began construction of the Benicia Arsenal in California that year. During this time he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, effective February 26, 1853.
Marriage
In 1853 Stone married Maria Louisa Clary, daughter of Esther Philipson and Lt. Robert Emmett Clary, a West Point classmate of Jefferson Davis; Davis served as best man at Esther's wedding on March 31, 1829.
Post-military career
On November 17, 1856, he resigned his commission in the U.S. Army, "finding the pay inadequate" for his family. He briefly became a banker in 1856 in San Francisco, but the bank failed the following year due to the "...absconding of its treasurer." Stone then went back to Mexico, where he worked in various government jobs. From 1857 to 1860 he surveyed the Mexican state of Sonora, and from 1858 to 1860 he surveyed the lower region of California. Also from 1858 to 1859 Stone served as acting consul at Guaymas, Mexico, the municipal center of Sonora. In 1860 he moved his family back to the U.S., settling in Washington, D.C. In 1861 he published his survey findings, entitled Notes on the State of Sonora.
Civil War
At the outbreak of secession, Stone found himself in Washington writing his report on Sonora. After a dinner with his former commander Winfield Scott, Stone was requested to be Inspector General of the District of Columbia Militia at the rank of colonel as of January 1, 1861, and was thus reputed to be the first volunteer officer mustered into the Union Army before the Civil War. In this role, he secured the capital for the arrival of President-elect Abraham Lincoln, and was personally responsible for security at the new president's inaugural. One of his most important acts in this role was to frustrate an attempt by southern militias and the secret society known as the Knights of the Golden Circle to carry out a coup against the nascent Lincoln administration. Stone received word that militia groups from Baltimore and surrounding areas intended to infiltrate Washington, D.C., and seize the city by force during Lincoln's inauguration. He dealt with two Milita officers (whom he knew to be succesionists) promply: First Stone maneuvered one commander ("Doctor B---" of the "National Volunteers Company") into handing Stone a full 100 men roster of his 300 men company to receive a order for arms; Stone accepted the roster and locked it into a desk drawer and wished the commander good morning; in turn the commander left his Washington D.C. home to give service to the Confederacy-his organization Broke up; the second officer ("Captain Schaeffer" of the "National Rifles" company ) was forced by Stone to give up two howitzers; as well as sabers and revolvers to the D.C. Armory on the grounds such weapons did not belong to a rifle company. Stone next offer to the man was a commission of Major. The man declined to take the Oath of Office and then found out he had lost his commission of captain as well since he had not inclosed a copy of the Oath of Office with his letter of acceptence. Schaeffer and the secession members left the "National rifles" Company which was transformed by Stone into a loyal Union company under Lt (elected Captain) Smead.Stone's prompt actions disintegrated the plot against the inaugural. Stone was appointed Colonel of the 14th U.S. Infantry Regiment on May 14, and then a brigadier general in the Union Army that August, to rank from May 17. He commanded a brigade in Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson's Army of the Shenandoah during the First Bull Run campaign in June and July. Stone then was given command of a division, called the Corps of Observation, guarding the fords along the upper Potomac River that fall.
In his efforts to carry out his orders and maintain discipline, Stone drew the attention and wrath of his home state's governor, John A. Andrew, and Charles Sumner, the senior U.S. senator from Massachusetts, both powerful and influential Radical Republican politicians. In late September Stone issued general orders that required his men "not to incite and encourage insubordination among the coloured servants in the neighbourhood." When two runaway slaves came into their lines, one of his regiments, the 20th Massachusetts Infantry, promptly caught them and returned them to their owner. This was done in compliance with Stone's orders as well as both Federal and Maryland law. However, many of the 20th Massachusetts were abolitionists, disagreed with Stone's insistence on returning runaways back into slavery, and wrote both their families and their representatives about the incident. Governor Andrew strongly reprimanded the colonel of the regiment, who gave the letter to Stone. After reading it Stone wrote back, its contents summarized by military historian Bruce Catton as follows: "this regiment was in United States service now and the governor had no business meddling with discipline, the young lieutenant and the colonel had properly done what they were told to do and were not subject to reprimand from any governor, and would the governor in future please keep his hand off?"
More heated letters passed between Andrew and Stone, and then Andrew involved Sumner, who quickly and strongly denounced Stone to the U.S. Senate. Stone's written response to this—described as "in terms so bitter that it almost seemed as if he were challenging the senator to duel"—further inflamed the situation. Stone's dealings with these two men would have tragic consequences in his near future.
Ball's Bluff
On October 20, 1861, Stone was ordered by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan to conduct a reconnaissance across the Potomac River to report on Confederate activities in Leesburg, Virginia. McClellan also hoped this action, combined with a movement by Brig. Gen. George A. McCall's division of 13,000 men toward Dranesville the day before, would encourage a Confederate withdrawal from the area without an engagement occurring. This message from McClellan's staff related the situation and outlined Stone's orders:
General McCall occupied Dranesville yesterday, and is still there. Will send out heavy reconnaissances today in all directions from that point. The general desires that you keep a good lookout upon Leesburg, to see if this movement has the effect to drive them away. Perhaps a slight demonstration on your part would have the effect to move them.
From this order Stone reasonably believed he had support nearby from McCall if needed; what he did not know was that McClellan had ordered McCall back to his previous position at Langley on October 21, putting any help for Stone further away. Stone's division numbered about 10,000 men and was posted around Poolesville, Maryland, about eight miles from Leesburg, with portions of his command at points along the Potomac shore. He moved his artillery to Edward's Ferry along the Potomac, from which he could shell the woods on the opposite side of the river, held by Confederate forces. Stone then sent three small boats with about 100 men from the 1st Minnesota Infantry across, who returned shortly without incident. Near sunset he sent out a small patrol of 20 soldiers of the 15th Massachusetts Infantry to scout toward Leesburg and see whether the Union movements had the desired effect or not. Crossing at Harrison's Island on the river, these men scaled Ball's Bluff and encountered what they believed was a Confederate camp of at least thirty men less than a mile inland. The patrol returned to Harrison's Island around 10 p.m. and reported by messenger to Stone at Edwards Ferry.
In response to this report, Stone thought the Confederate forces were indeed leaving Leesburg and decided to investigate further. While he led part of his command directly across at Edwards Ferry at 5 p.m., Stone ordered Col. Charles Devens and 300 men of his 15th Massachusetts to immediately cross over to Ball's Bluff that night. Stone's instructions were to "March silently under cover of night to the position of the camp [and] attack and destroy it at daybreak... and return rapidly to the island." Devens carried out Stone's orders and made the difficult crossing on three small 10-man boats, taking him four hours to accomplish. Stone also gave Devens discretion over what to do after the attack; either hold Leesburg or return to Harrison's Island. Stone ordered the rest of the 15th Massachusetts over and added the 20th Massachusetts Infantry, under Col. William R. Lee, to this effort as well, and ordered Colonel and U.S. Senator Edward D. Baker to take overall command. Devens found no camp since an earlier patrol apparently confused corn shocks as tents in the evening shadows; he halted and asked Stone for instructions, who responded to push closer to Leesburg. Devens determined to hold there, waiting several hours for reinforcements, when skirmishing began at 7 a.m., before Baker had arrived.
Confederate Col. Nathan G. "Shanks" Evans was in charge of the forces opposing Stone, and when he learned of the crossings he split his 2,000-man command. Three of his regiments were ordered to deal with Stone by blocking the road from Edwards Ferry to Leesburg, while the remainder fought and defeated Baker's force at Ball's Bluff. Since Baker sent no updates, Stone had no idea a battle was occurring there and, finding his path blocked by Confederates, Stone returned to Edwards Ferry. He then moved toward Harrison's Island, learned of the defeat at Ball's Bluff, and quickly asked McClellan for help from McCall, whom he thought nearby but was actually more than twenty miles away.
Stone lost about 1,000 men who were either killed, wounded, captured, or drowned during Ball's Bluff, while the Confederates lost less than 160. The Union total included Baker, the only sitting U.S. Senator killed in combat when "four bullets ripped into him, and he was dead before he hit the ground". Baker's death and the action at Ball's Bluff would have serious consequences for Stone, and also affect the way the American Civil War would be prosecuted. In his official report about the battle on October 24, McClellan did not hold Stone personally responsible for the defeat, saying "The disaster was caused by errors committed by the immediate Commander— not General Stone."
Arrest and imprisonment
Stone bore the brunt of much public criticism; the U.S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was established in the wake of Baker's congressional eulogies and anger over the defeat. This seven-man group called Stone as one of their first witnesses about the Ball's Bluff affair, and all testimony given by him and 38 others was kept secret. Before the end of October 1861, Stone's official report about Ball's Bluff had been leaked to the New York Tribune newspaper, and in it Stone praised Baker's bravery but made clear his shortcomings as a field commander. Baker's congressional allies, among them Governor Andrew and Senator Sumner, openly denounced this report and began to point accusing fingers at Stone, not at Baker. Stone's loyalty to the Union and position on slavery were more in question than his military abilities and decisions. The committee's questions accused him of improper and frequent communications with the Confederates, of not re-enforcing Baker, of using his men to protect slaveholder property in Maryland, and of returning runaway slaves to their owners—despite the last two of these following Maryland as well as Federal law. Another problem for Stone defending himself was an order from McClellan forbidding him to give testimony "regarding his [McClellan's] plans, his orders for the movement of troops, or his orders concerning the position of troops." This made it impossible for Stone to explain his movements to the committee, but kept McClellan out of the investigation as well.
If he is a traitor I am a traitor, and we are all traitors.
Winfield Scott's reaction to Stone's arrest
Under a cloud for suspected disloyalty and treason, Stone was arrested just after midnight on February 8, 1862, on orders of Maj. Gen. McClellan, who was acting under orders from Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, dated January 28. Awaiting Stone near his home in Washington were 18 soldiers led by Brig. Gen. George Sykes. When Stone approached, Sykes stated "I have now the most disagreeable duty to perform that I ever had—it is to arrest you." When Stone angrily asked why, Sykes said "I don't know. It's by order of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, general-in-chief of the army... I may as well tell you that you are to be sent to Fort Lafayette." This shocked Stone, who stated "That's where they send secessionists! I have been as true a soldier to the Government as any in service."
Under guard, Stone was ordered to be sent to the military prison at Fort Lafayette by train. When he reached the rail depot at Philadelphia, confusion as to payment for his ticket caused Stone to buy his own ticket. Upon reaching the facility he was put immediately into solitary confinement, but he managed to hire an attorney and waited for official charges to be filed. According to the Articles of War this had to be done within eight days of an arrest, but was never done in Stone's case. He sent several inquiries to McClellan, to the army's adjutant general's office, and to Stanton himself, who stated " ...the charges were being reviewed prior to being publicized...", but received no satisfactory explanation.
To hold one commander in prison untried is less harmful in times of great national distress than to withdraw several good officers from active battlefields to give him a trial.
President Abraham Lincoln
Contrary to U.S. Army regulations as well, no charges were ever filed against Stone nor did he stand trial. While he was in solitary confinement at Fort Lafayette, he could not exercise, and consequently Stone's health began to degrade. His physicians protested heavily to Stanton, who ordered him transferred to the military prison at Fort Hamilton. There Stone was allowed to exercise and his condition improved. He stayed at Fort Lafayette for fifty days, and would spend another 139 in Fort Hamilton. Stone was finally released without explanation or apology on August 16, 1862. The reason for his release was new legislation written by California Senator James A. McDougall. In a small addition to another bill, McDougall reiterated the Articles of War requirement that official charges be filed within eight days of arrest, but went on to include that any imprisoned officer must be given their trial within thirty days. McDougall also made it clear this legislation applied to those currently under arrest, which covered Stone's case. It passed the U.S. Congress and was signed into law by President Lincoln on July 17, 1862. Stanton then waited the thirty days before releasing Stone.
It may, or may not be that President Lincoln ordered the arrest of Stone. In a communication of September 30, 1862, General in Chief H. W. Halleck wrote about Stone's arrest: "I understood that it was made by the orders of the President."
Release and reassignment
After his release, Stone returned home to Washington and awaited orders, and also continued to try to clear his name. Despite the arrest and confinement, Stone's services were still in demand. In September 1862, as the Maryland Campaign developed, McClellan asked the War Department to re-instate Stone, but Stanton declined. When Maj. Gen Joseph Hooker took over command of the Army of the Potomac in early 1863, he asked for Stone as his chief of staff, but Stanton denied this request as well. On February 27, Stone was finally allowed to hear the testimony that caused him to be arrested, and with McClellan no longer his commander Stone could freely answer the accusations. He did this to the Committee's satisfaction, who soon afterwards published its revised findings, clearing Stone. With the facts now known, The New York Times newspaper editorialized:
General Stone has sustained a most flagrant wrong—a wrong which will probably stand as the very worst blot on the National side in the history of the war.
Without assignment until May, Stone was ordered to the Department of the Gulf, serving as a member of the surrender commission at Port Hudson and in the Red River Campaign as Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's chief of staff. However, on April 4, 1864, Stanton ordered Stone mustered out of his volunteer commission as a brigadier general and he reverted to his rank of colonel within the regular army. He served briefly as a brigade commander in the Army of the Potomac during the siege of Petersburg, but finally resigned from the Army on September 13, 1864, before the end of the war.
Later life
After the American Civil War ended in 1865, Stone worked as an engineer and later superintendent for Virginia's Dover Mining Company until 1869. The following year William T. Sherman, by now the U.S. Army's Commanding General, recommended Stone for service in the Egyptian Army. From 1870 to 1883 he served as chief of staff and general aide-de-camp for the khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt. While there he was given the rank of ferik, equal to a lieutenant general, and the title of Ferik Pasha. Stone's career in the Egyptian Army has been described thus:
Stone served the Khedive well, implementing a general staff, expanding Egypt's boundaries, and establishing schools for the education of Egypt's soldiers and their children. He remained in the service of Khedive Ismail (and Ismail's successor, son Tewfik) for 13 years. When the British bombarded Alexandria, and Arabi led the revolt of the Egyptian army, Stone stayed with Tewfik in Alexandria, even while his wife and daughters were trapped in Cairo.
Stone later returned to the United States, where he worked as an engineer for the Florida Ship Canal Company in 1883. In 1884, he accepted the position of Chief Engineer of the Statue of Liberty project at Bedloe's Island, New York Harbor, and planned and supervised the construction of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal, concrete foundation and the reassembly of the Statue of Liberty after its arrival from France. Stone served as the grand marshal of the dedication parade in Manhattan on October 28, 1886. He fell ill some months afterwards and died of pneumonia at his home in New York City. General Stone is buried in West Point National Cemetery.
Stone's first wife Maria died in Washington, D.C., shortly after Stone's release from Fort Hamilton. While serving in New Orleans during 1863, Stone fell in love with Jeanne Stone and they had two daughters and a son, John Stone Stone, who later became a pioneer in the field of wireless telegraphy. Stone was also an original founding member of the Aztec Club of 1847, a social organization for officers who served in the Mexican–American War.
Legacy
Military historian Ezra J. Warner held Stone's treatment following Ball's Bluff in disdain, saying in 1964:
The arrest and imprisonment of Stone is without parallel in the annals of American military and/or civil jurisprudence.... he was victim of a demonstration on the part of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War to avenge the death of one of their colleagues and to make it known that this was war to the knife, and a war to end slavery as well as to preserve the Union. | cddcc46f-14a0-4c8f-bdc3-5f964869f469 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Coimbatore"} | Coimbatore is a city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Most transportation in the city and suburbs is over its road network. Coimbatore is well connected to most cities and towns in India by road, rail, and air, but not through waterways. The city has successful transport infrastructure compared to other Indian cities, though road infrastructures are not well maintained and developed according to the growing needs of transport, making traffic congestion a major problem in the city. A comprehensive transport development plan has been made to address many traffic problems.
Roads
The Coimbatore city and metropolitan area is divided into five administrative zones (East, West, North, South and Central) which are served by major arterial roads that run in an east–west or north–south direction. Avinashi Road is one of the city's most important arterial roads, traversing most of Central and East Coimbatore. It is part of National Highway 544, which connects to Bangalore, Chennai. Other arterials include Trichy Road (Central–southeast), Mettupalayam Road (North–South), Sathy Road (South–northeast), Palakkad Road (East–West), Pollachi Road (North–South), and Thadagam Road (East–West). Maruthamalai Road starts at the intersection of Lawley Road Junction and connects to the neighbourhood of Vadavalli and the Maruthamalai foothills. Other roads include 100 feet road, Bharatiyar Road, Dr. Nanjappa Road, Balasundarum Road, Crosscut Road (in the Gandhipuram commercial district), Diwhan Bahadhur Road (DB Road), TV Swamy Road, Brooke Bond Road in RS Puram Areas, and Race Course Road. In January 2012, the Coimbatore Corporation announced that they would be laying around 10 roads by mixing plastic.
National Highways
Five major National Highways radiate outward from Coimbatore:
Ring roads
A major bypass was built by L&T[expand acronym] from Neelambur to Madukkarai on NH 47 which intersects the Trichy Road at Chintamani Pudur near Irugur and Eachanari in Pollachi Road.
The Coimbatore Corporation is undertaking the construction of six railway overpass bridges in the city.
The National Highways Authority of India has invited feasibility studies to upgrade the National Highway connecting Pollachi and Bannari passing through the city.
Public transport
Most of Coimbatore's intra-city transport requirements are met by extensive public transport, with about 1257 buses on 322 routes. This service, which is run by the government-owned TNSTC Coimbatore covers the city and its suburbs. An additional 500 buses operate on 119 inter-city routes, to major towns in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Pondicherry, and Andhra Pradesh. Bus services are generally considered efficient, but buses on some routes can get very crowded at times.
Private transport
The city is also served by a large number of private buses and auto rickshaws. The growth of call taxis is also on the rise and fixed-rate tourist taxis are available at the airport, bus terminals, and railway stations. Vans which are run like bus services are popularly called "maxi cabs". The outlying suburban areas of the city are served by private minibus company services and public buses of neighboring districts.
The city has a very high vehicle-to-population ratio. Despite a sharp increase in the number of four-wheelers in the city, motorscooters are still very prevalent, due to their affordability, fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and ease of parking.
List of Intercity (Mofussil, Omni, SECTC, Town) bus stands
List of Intracity bus stands
List of TNSTC Coimbatore depots
Air
Coimbatore International Airport (IATA: CJB, ICAO: VOCB) is a major airport serving Coimbatore and its suburbs. It is the second busiest airport in Tamil Nadu (after Chennai) and has separate domestic and international terminals. The airport lies about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the city centre and is accessible by road and rail. The airport is undergoing modernization, including the construction of a new terminal and a runway expansion to 3,800 metres (12,500 ft), which will make it the second longest runway in South India.
Other airports in the metropolitan area include Sulur Air Force Station.
Railways
Coimbatore Junction, also known as Kovai Junction, is the primary railway station serving the city, as well as the major rail junction of South India. It has six platforms and is the second busiest railway station in Tamil Nadu (after Chennai). Many trains from Kerala to other parts of the country pass through Coimbatore Junction. It is one of the top booking stations and revenue-generating stations in India according to Indian Railway.
Proposed rapid transit
Metro
Coimbatore Metro, also known as Kovai Metro or CMRL, is a proposed metro rail system. The plan was shelved in 2011 in favor of a monorail system. In January 2017, a Coimbatore District Administration official told The Hindu that there was no mass rapid transit system presently under consideration for the city. The government again announced a plan to construct metro rail in 2017. Railway Minister Suresh Prabu announced a metro rail facility for Coimbatore, and mentioned that the central government is ready to implement metro rail in Coimbatore. The state government has also approved metro rail. The proposed works were anticipated to begin by fiscal year 2017–18.[needs update] The government announced that DPR[expand acronym] for Coimbatore metro rail will be prepared by CMRL[expand acronym] and it will be funded by a German-based company. The feasibility report has been submitted by Systra to CMRL and sent for government approval. DPR to be prepared after Approval of Feasibility study.
Suburban railway
Coimbatore railways have unique infrastructure to host a circular rail system as it has similar bus services within the city limits. One proposal would link Coimbatore, Coimbatore North, Peelamedu, Irugur, and Podanur before returning to Coimbatore junction. Another infrastructure that can be utilized are the four radiating rail routes from Coimbatore Junction to towns 40 kilometres (25 mi) away. The other junctions are located at Coimbatore North Junction (2.6 km away from CBE[expand acronym] on the northern side), Podanur Junction (5.8 km away from CBE on the southern side) and Irugur (16 km from CBE on eastern side).
Bus rapid transit
The Coimbatore BRTS (bus rapid transit system) was proposed under the JNNURM scheme. The project calls for a 18.6-kilometre (11.6 mi) corridor starting at Avinashi Road and ending at Mettupalayam Road. After Avinashi Road, the route turns left from Stanes School and passes along Dr. Nanjappa Road and joins at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road. Avinashi Road, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, and Mettupalyam Road would have an exclusive lane reserved for buses.
A dedicated two-lane 7-metre (23 ft) carriageway is provided for the BRTS corridor. A dual lane for mixed traffic is provided on either side of the BRTS corridor, separated by 250-millimetre-wide (9.8 in) CC[expand acronym] blocks on both sides. A 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) cycle track and 2-metre footpath is proposed on either side of the mixed traffic lane, also separated by CC blocks. It is proposed to have 14 at-grade bus stops and 3 bus stops in the route's 6.87 km (4.27 mi) elevated section. | c65c6f1d-39ef-42a1-af46-54abf86d6523 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Nielsen_Pro_Tennis_Championship_%E2%80%93_Doubles"} | 2011 tennis event results
Ryler DeHeart and Pierre-Ludovic Duclos were the defending champions and only Duclos decided to participate. He played with Alex Kuznetsov, but they lost to Jordan Kerr and Travis Parrott in the first round. The Australian/American pair reached the final, where Treat Conrad Huey and Bobby Reynolds defeated them 7–6(9–7), 6–4.
Seeds
Draw
Key
Draw | 050ddc5d-166d-4d0f-b38b-d9997ebf2189 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behkaleh"} | Village in Mazandaran, Iran
Behkaleh (Persian: بهكله) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 222, in 64 families. | 2f622e96-85dc-4b3e-9062-dae4f5106957 |
null | Italian motorcycle racer
Mario Lega (born 20 February 1949 in Lugo) is an Italian former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He won the FIM 250cc world championship in 1977 as a member of the Morbidelli factory racing team.
Grand Prix motorcycle racing results
Points system from 1969 onwards:
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) | 618b8ef6-ef0b-43db-9173-490335fa0c82 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Japan"} | Pandemic
The 2009 Japan flu pandemic was an outbreak of the H1N1 and the Influenza A viruses across Japan. The World Health Organization raised the pandemic alert for influenza to level 4 in April 2009 following a worldwide outbreak of the H1N1 influenza strain. The first Japanese infections of H1N1 and Influenza A were both recorded early in May 2009. In August 2009, the government estimated that the virus strains had infected about 760,000 people. At the height of the pandemic in October 2009, it was estimated that 20% of the Japanese population had been infected and that there were on average more than 20 infected people in each Japanese medical facility. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare reported 198 Deaths as of March 30, 2010. Japan put several measures in place to attempt to control the spread of infection including quarantining air travellers entering Japan who were suspected of having the virus and closing schools in areas of Japan with high numbers of infection. The pandemic ended in August 2010 when the World Health Organization announced that worldwide influenza infection number were back to the seasonal average before the outbreak occurred.
Government reaction
In April, Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries instructed animal quarantine offices across the country to examine any live pigs being brought into the country to double-check for infection by the H1N1 strain of influenza. Japanese Agriculture Minister Shigeru Ishiba appeared on TV to reassure consumers regarding the safety of pork. The Japanese farm ministry said that it would not ask for restrictions on pork imports because pork was unlikely to be contaminated with the virus, and any virus would be killed in the cooking process anyway.
Timeline
April
April 28
April 30
May
May 1
May 8
May 10
May 16
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May 23
May 24
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May 29
May 30
June
July
July 2
July 24
August
August 15
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August 21
August 26
August 27
August 28
August 29
August 30
September
September 1
September 2
September 6
September 9
September 10
September 15
September 17
September 20
September 21
September 23
September 25
September 30
October
October 4
October 6
October 7
October 9
October 13
October 14
October 15
October 18
October 20
October 21
October 22
October 23
October 25
October 26
October 26
October 27
October 29
October 30
November 1
December 2
151 young flu patients have exhibited abnormal behavior such as depression and uttering gibberish.
Footnotes | a973920f-170a-4084-be87-2bbd19ae730b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_White"} | American archaeologist
Joyce C. White is an American archaeologist, an adjunct professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, and executive director of the new Institute for Southeast Asian Archaeology. Her research primarily concerns decades-long multidisciplinary archaeological investigations in Thailand and Laos covering the prehistoric human occupation of the middle reaches of the Mekong River Basin. She is considered the world's leading expert on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ban Chiang, Thailand, and directs an archaeological fieldwork program in the Luang Prabang Province of Laos. She has become a strong advocate of cultural heritage preservation and has served as an expert witness in an antiquities trafficking case for the U.S. Department of Justice.
Early life
Joyce White initially settled on a career in archaeology when she observed an excavation at a medieval church and cemetery in England at the age of 15. While this initial incident inclined her towards a focus on Europe, this changed when she saw a photograph of Thailand during a professor's presentation on his excavation there in graduate school. She notes that "it was a vivid experience. I saw myself in that slide." Despite discouragement from professors, she changed her focus to Southeast Asian archaeology.
Research and career
White is a senior Southeast Asian archaeologist in the Greater Philadelphia area. She received her MA and PhD in Anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania and holds the position of Consulting Scholar at the University's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. While working on her dissertation, she lived in Thailand doing field work for 20 months from 1979 to 1981. White founded the Institute for Southeast Asian Archaeology (ISEAA) in October 2013 in order to build upon the decades-long archaeological research programs in Thailand and Laos undertaken by the University of Pennsylvania. White is the current director of the Middle Mekong Archaeological Project and of the Ban Chiang Project (since 1982) at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. In 2021, the Office of Science and Technology of the Royal Thai Embassy, Washington D.C. selected White for their Friend of Thai Science award for her contributions to Thai archaeology.
Ban Chiang Project
White’s investigation of Southeast Asian prehistory began in the mid-1970s when, as a PhD student under the supervision of the late Chester Gorman, she ran the labs conducting post-excavation analysis of artifacts from Gorman’s excavations in northern and northeast Thailand. From 1976 she focused on the analysis of the metal age site of Ban Chiang, a site subsequently named in 1992 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1978 she initiated an ethnoecological research program in the Ban Chiang area studying the local understanding of indigenous natural resources with a special emphasis on native plants. While there, she compiled an ethnographic collection of everyday traditional material culture items (e.g., baskets, tools, pottery, etc.) for the Penn Museum. After conducting this field project in Ban Chiang village for nearly two years in 1979-1981, she returned to Philadelphia where, following Gorman’s premature death in June 1981, she curated the Smithsonian-produced traveling exhibition “Ban Chiang: Discovery of a Lost Bronze Age” and authored its catalog. The exhibition was later installed in a branch of Thailand’s National Museum in Ban Chiang village and parts of it are still on display. In 1986, White completed her PhD thesis at Penn that revised the Gorman chronology for Ban Chiang. Since that time White’s career has centered on the multi-disciplinary investigation of the human past in Thailand and Laos. She continued with the analysis of the Ban Chiang site at Penn Museum as a Senior Research Scientist and later as an Associate Curator. In 1993 she founded the Friends of Ban Chiang to facilitate fund-raising to continue the post-excavation analysis and publication program. In the mid-1990s she was co-principal investigator of the Thailand Palaeoenvironment Project, which cored sediments from lakes in northeast, north, and south Thailand that for the first time in that country retrieved vegetation evidence from the terminal Pleistocene to the Late Holocene from each area. The first Ban Chiang monograph published in 2002 was on the human remains from the site and was authored by Michael Pietrusewsky and Michele Douglas. On February 9, 2010, White was honored by Her Royal Highness of Thailand Crown Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn at the opening of the new National Museum at Ban Chiang, Thailand.
Middle Mekong Archaeological Project (MMAP)
In 2001, White initiated what was to become the first and so far only archaeological research program in Laos led by an American, the Middle Mekong Archaeological Project (MMAP). White has pursued larger Mekong regional questions raised by the original Ban Chiang excavations in Thailand and her work on the Thailand Palaeoenvironment Project. With seed funding from the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society in 2005, the Middle Mekong Archaeological Project (MMAP) has excavated and surveyed numerous sites along the Mekong and its tributaries in Luang Prabang province in northern Laos, with the goal of investigating early human settlement of the Mekong Valley.
From 2008-2013, during White’s tenure as Associate Curator for Asia at University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, she directed the Museum’s program to Strengthen Southeast Asian Archaeology, funded by the Henry Luce Foundation. In addition to surveys and cave excavations, a variety of scientific and capacity-building endeavors sought to enhance knowledge and skills among Asian and western archaeologists to lay the foundation for future development of archaeological research in the Middle Mekong Basin. By early 2010, 85 historic and prehistoric sites had been recorded by MMAP in Luang Prabang and four cave sites have been excavated, including Tham An Mah. In 2013 several ancillary scientific studies were undertaken, including palaeoenvironmental research using speleothems led by a team from the University of California at Irvine, and population history research using modern human DNA led by a team from Oxford University. The Luce Program also included a year of intensive analysis of hundreds of pottery vessels excavated from Ban Chiang on loan to the Penn Museum as well as extensive development of a regional archaeological database that contains data from both the Ban Chiang and Lao research programs.
Institute for Southeast Asian Archaeology (ISEAA)
In 2013 White founded the ISEAA, which is dedicated to the multi-disciplinary investigation of Southeast Asia’s archaeological past in order to advance that knowledge for the benefit of scholars as well as the public. Due to strategic decisions to downsize its research staff, Penn Museum ended funding for its research program for Southeast Asian Archaeology in 2013. The new non-profit Institute was then created by White with initial support from several founding donors. The Institute’s objective is to continue the internationally renowned research and publication programs of the Ban Chiang Project and the Middle Mekong Archaeological Project (MMAP), in order to preserve for posterity the knowledge of the human past revealed by those pioneering research programs. ISEAA can also serve as a center for future research projects in Southeast Asian archaeology.
Recent scholarship
White’s scholarship has significantly influenced the scholarly discourse concerning the place of Southeast Asia in world prehistory, as well as public appreciation for Southeast Asian archaeology generally and for Ban Chiang in particular. A 2009 publication she co-authored with Dr. Elizabeth Hamilton has been described as providing an “innovative model of cultural transmission of metal technology [that is] a significant intellectual landmark in archaeometallurgy.”
White, along with Elizabeth Hamilton, has completed a four-volume Ban Chiang and Northeast Thailand metals monograph. The work presents metals and related evidence from four sites in northeast Thailand: Ban Chiang, Ban Tong, Ban Phak Top, and Don Klang. It is the second installment in the Thai Archaeology Monograph Series, published by the University of Pennsylvania Press and distributed for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. The first volume of the metals monograph, published in 2018, discusses different viewpoints used to assess the materials at Ban Chiang and other Northeast Thai sites and reviews and critiques the current archaeological paradigm. It also introduces new archaeometallurgical paradigms for analyzing the materials found at these sites and their relation to ancient society, economics, and culture. The second volume, published in early 2019, explains the methodological and technical analyses for the metals, presents evidence from the four archaeological sites, and applies the paradigms from the first volume to support new insights for this evidence. The third volume, published in late 2019, presents the Ban Chiang metallurgical evidence in a regional context and examines the site's interactions with others throughout central and northeast Thailand. The fourth volume, 2D, was published in 2022 and contains the detailed catalog of all the metal and crucible remains, along with the results of the laboratory analyses and photomicrographs.
Her most recent publication, co-authored with Elizabeth Hamilton, appeared in the journal Archaeological Research in Asia.This open-access article, entitled “The metal age of Thailand and Ricardo’s Law of Comparative Advantage” argues that, contrary to established theory in Southeast Asia that ties the appearance of copper-base technology to the appearance of elites and top-down control of production, in prehistoric Thailand metal production and metal artifact production emerged in decentralized communities, without elite control. This system fits a scenario termed ‘heterarchical’ rather than ‘hierarchical’. The evidence for this hypothesis is based on the extensive and detailed analysis of metal remains from Ban Chiang, Ban Pak Top, Ban Tong, and Don Klang extensively laid out in the Metals Monographs, as well as the results of analytical work at 21 additional consumer sites and lead-isotope analysis from three metal production sites.
Expert witness
In the US federal investigation Operation Antiquity, which investigated an artifact smuggling ring especially dealing with Ban Chiang artifacts, White acted as an expert witness for the U.S. Department of Justice. In January 2008, 500 federal agents served warrants at 13 locations including several museums tied to the extensive ring.
White was responsible for "authenticating more than 10,000 prehistoric Thai artifacts that had been smuggled from Thailand since about 2003." Her testimony in the case argued the seized artifacts represented more than 150 times what had been scientifically excavated at Ban Chiang and similar sites. The case led to several convictions, fines, plea deals, and prison time for some smugglers. Some of the museums have returned to Thailand artifacts seized in the case.
Awards
In 2016, White was given an award by the United States Attorney's Office of Central California for her service as an expert witness in the US Federal investigation Operation Antiquity.
Every year, the Office of Science and Technology of the Royal Thai Embassy in Washington, D.C. selects two recipients for their Friend of Thai Science award. For 2020, the Office gave this award to Joyce White for her accomplishments in Thai archaeology and scholarship. These include the publication of the Ban Chiang Metals Monograph, fostering Thai-Lao collaboration in local archaeological investigations through the Middle Mekong Archaeological Project (MMAP) that she initiated, and the development of digital resources for Southeast Asian Archaeology.
Selected publications | dad4bca2-3ec1-43bf-9eca-e962b12b2d05 |
null | Jeannette Henry Costo (1908–2001) was an American activist, author, editor, and journalist. She co-founded the American Indian Historical Society (AIHS), and the Indian Historian Press publishing company.
Background
Jeannette Henry was born on June 27, 1908.[non-primary source needed] She identified as being "born to the Turtle clan of the Carolina Cherokee," as Gretchan Bataille and Laurie Lisa wrote in the Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary.
She ran away from home as a teenager, and was a police reporter for the Detroit Free Press as a young woman.
Marriage and activism
In the 1950s Jeanette married Rupert Costo (Cauhilla) with whom she co-founded the American Indian Historical Society (AIHS) in 1962. The AIHS was a cultural and activist organization. Its headquarters were named Chautauqua House and was located at 1451 Masonic Avenue in the Ashbury Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The organization dissolved in 1986. At that time the couple donated many of the organization's library holdings to the University of California, Riverside (UC Riverside), and established an endowed chair in American Indian Studies at UC Riverside.
In 1988, the Costos, both Roman Catholic, were vocal in protesting the beatification of Christian missionary Junípero Serra.
Writing and publishing
The couple also published several periodicals including Wassaja and the Indian Historian. Additionally they had a publishing company similarly named the Indian Historian Press, which published some 59 book titles.
Jeannette Henry Costo wrote Textbooks and the American Indian. She edited Indian Voices: The Native American Today and The American Indian Reader. She also co-wrote a number of books with Rupert Costo, including The Missions of California: A Legacy of Genocide (1987).
Death
Costo died on January 31, 2001, in San Francisco, California.
Publications | d02e4ede-ae02-48de-b266-2cbfe649f1e6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%99bniak,_Opole_Lubelskie_County"} | Village in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
Dębniak [ˈdɛmbɲak] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Józefów nad Wisłą, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Opole Lubelskie and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Lublin.
The village has a population of 60. | beb07c20-4586-471c-a012-f257b0161a39 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimarron"} | Look up cimarrón in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Cimarron (and similar spellings) may refer to:
Film and television
Music
Places in the United States
Populated places
Other geographical places
Other uses
Topics referred to by the same term | 12f6672a-3874-491f-bd6a-580902e28806 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sutton_(Shardlow)"} | English boatbuilder
James Sutton (1799 - 21 January 1868) was an English boatbuilder, canal boat carrier and owner of salt works. He became High Sheriff of Derbyshire.
Sutton was born at Aston on Trent, the son of James Sutton and his wife Mary Crane. His father is said to have begun as a boatman but was successful in business in the salt trade, canal carrying and boatbuilding. The Suttons had a salt works at Rode Heath Cheshire and Shirleywich, Staffordshire. The Trent and Mersey Canal, linking with the River Trent near Shardlow, made the town a significant trans-shipment point. Sutton helped his father in the business and inherited it on his father's death in 1830. He was in partnership in a canal carrying company with James Clifford of Shardlow, and Charles Atkins of Etruria, Staffordshire in the Shardlow Boat Company. His business conveyed by water to Derby, Hull, Sleaford, Lincoln, Nottingham, Gainsborough, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, The Potteries, Cheshire Salt Works, Stourport, Wolverhampton, Dudley and Coventry. Sutton had two wharves at Shardlow. He lived at Shardlow Hall, Derbyshire, which either he or his father purchased in 1826. In 1843 Sutton was High Sheriff of Derbyshire. With the coming of the railways, the canal business was in decline, and by 1850 Sutton had stopped building boats and by 1858 had closed the wharf in Derby.
Sutton died at Shardlow at the age of 68.
Sutton married Sophia Hoskins, the daughter of Abraham Hoskins who built Bladon Castle at Newton Solney. Three of her sisters married members of the Wilders family who founded the Burton Brewery Company and her aunt married Michael Thomas Bass of the brewery company. Their son Sir Henry Sutton, a High Court judge, had daughters who married Julius Bertram and Herbert Warrington Smyth. Their son Rev. Alfred Sutton was the father of Air Marshall Sir Bertine Sutton. | a2e50ff9-c68f-4d3e-9efe-326d1711bf5c |
null | Patrick Walker is the CEO at Rightster, a London-based Multi Channel Network. Formally he worked at Base79 as Chief Content Officer after serving 8 years with Google and YouTube as the Senior Director of Content Partnerships, where he was responsible for launching and managing YouTube in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Walker has also worked at RealNetworks, IMG, Intel, and the BBC as a foreign news journalist in Japan and Southeast Asia. He began his career in media and technology as a TV producer and director with NHK in Tokyo, Japan. | 2b801448-71b8-438a-9fbc-9dce2fbfd484 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_toch_van_mij"} | "Hou toch van mij" ("Do love me") was the Belgian representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959, performed in Dutch by Bob Benny.
The song was performed eleventh and last on the night, following the United Kingdom's Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson with "Sing Little Birdie". At the close of voting, it had received 9 points, placing 6th in a field of 11.
The song is a plea from Benny to his lover to "love me as much as I love you", comparing the degree of his love to various other things as well.
It was succeeded as Belgian representative at the 1960 contest by Fud Leclerc performing "Mon amour pour toi". | 7cba39f5-1e9e-4176-90fa-bd185f551978 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orobitis_cyaneus"} | Species of beetle
Orobitis cyaneus is a species of weevil native to Europe. | 5c4e5ea0-e6b7-4abf-9cda-c438c0caf19d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Shelton"} | American tennis player and coach
Bryan Shelton (born December 22, 1965) is an American college tennis coach and former professional tennis player. Shelton played collegiately for Georgia Tech from 1985 to 1988, and then played professionally from 1989 to 1997. He subsequently returned to his alma mater to coach the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's tennis team, which won the NCAA Women's Tennis Championship in 2007. He is currently the head coach of the Florida Gators men's tennis team of the University of Florida, where he coached the Gators to winning the 2021 NCAA Championship. He is the only head coach to have won a national championship in both men and women's NCAA Division I Tennis.
Early years
Shelton was born in Huntsville, Alabama. For high school, he attended Randolph School in Huntsville. He played for the Randolph Raiders boy's tennis team, and won the Alabama high school singles championship as a senior in 1984.
Personal life
He is the father of tennis player Ben Shelton.
College career
Shelton accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, where he played for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's tennis team from 1985 to 1988. Shelton was the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) champion in singles in 1985, and he and teammate Richy Gilbert were the ACC champions in doubles 1986. He was recognized as an All-ACC selection during each of his four seasons as a Yellow Jacket, and was named an All-American in 1988. Shelton won the United States Amateur Championships in 1985. He graduated from Georgia Tech with a Bachelor of Science degree in industrial engineering in 1989, and was inducted into the Georgia Tech Athletics Hall of Fame in 1993.
Professional career
Shelton won two singles titles (Newport, 1991 and 1992) during his professional career. He also reached the mixed doubles final at the 1992 French Open, partnering Lori McNeil. The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on March 23, 1992, when he became number 55 in the world; his highest doubles ranking, 52, occurred on February 28, 1994. He was inducted to the Huntsville-Madison County Athletic Hall of Fame in 2006.
Coaching
Shelton officially retired from the professional tour in 1997, and was named a United States Tennis Association (USTA) National Coach, a position he held from January 1998 until June 1999. Shelton coached MaliVai Washington, a 1996 Wimbledon finalist.
Shelton became head coach of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's tennis team in July 1999. In his first season as coach at Georgia Tech, his team went to the second round of the NCAA tournament, upsetting the No. 25 Washington Huskies before falling to the No. 9 UCLA Bruins. He was named ACC Coach of the Year in 2002, 2005, and 2007. His 2007 team won the Yellow Jackets' third-straight ACC Championship. They then won Georgia Tech's first NCAA-recognized team championship on May 22, 2007, by defeating UCLA in the finals of the NCAA Women's Tennis Championship. Prior to his coaching tenure, the Georgia tech women's tennis team had never qualified for the NCAA tournament. Shelton was named the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Coach of the Year in 2007.
On June 8, 2012, the University of Florida announced that Shelton had been hired as the new head coach of the Florida Gators men's tennis team.
Head coaching record
ATP career finals
Singles (2 titles, 1 runner-up)
Doubles (2 titles, 1 runner-up)
Singles performance timeline
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record. | 2387670a-cb66-4f7d-83e0-b549fabc93a8 |
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