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0.999999	Našli jsme další záznamy k osobě משה אברהם. משה אברהם je pohřben(a) na hřbitově New Kiryat Shmona Cemetery v místě zobrazeném na níže uvedené mapě. Tyto informace o GPS jsou k dispozici POUZE na stránkách BillionGraves. Naše technologie vám pomůže najít umístění hrobu a také další členy rodiny, pohřbené poblíž. משה אברהם was 8 years old when World War II: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state that controlled nearly all aspects of life via the Gleichschaltung legal process. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich, from German Drittes Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", the first two being the Holy Roman Empire and the German Empire. The Nazi regime ended after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe. משה אברהם was 22 years old when Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California. The Disneyland Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by the Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division. Opened on October 5, 1955, as a motor inn owned and operated by Jack Wrather under an agreement with Walt Disney, the hotel was the first to officially bear the Disney name. Under Wrather's ownership, the hotel underwent several expansions and renovations over the years before being acquired by Disney in 1988. The hotel was downsized to its present capacity in 1999 as part of the Disneyland Resort expansion. משה אברהם was 32 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. משה אברהם was 44 years old when Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star. משה אברהם was 47 years old when Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, United States, killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage. Mount St. Helens or Louwala-Clough is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon and 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle, Washington. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who made a survey of the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.
0.999997	Yarn and thread storage for crocheters and knitters. Here are some ways you can store your yarn and thread. --Use large Sterilite Plastic Drawer bins which are stackable to store yarn or thread. You can sort the yarn by color and label the front of each drawer. -- Use tall skinny drawer bins which stack on each other and have 3 or more drawers per unit to store yarns and threads. These too can be labeled and you can also sort the yarn by type or color. -- If you like to look at your yarn, you can use open milk crate type bins mounted on the wall on the diagonal to store your fresh skeins of yarn. -- If you have a bunch of small balls of thread, you can use decorative metal tins to keep them in. -- If you have an old dresser, you can store your yarn in the drawers and put cardboard dividers inside to separate the yarn by color. If you put scented liners in the bottom of the drawers, then your yarn will smell nice. -- You can store yarn in a cedar chest if you have one. -- You can store yarn in a hanging closet shoe organizer! -- One way to keep your yarns smelling fresh is to toss used dryer sheets in your stash. -*- You can use baskets to keep your yarn in. There are many types out there. You are bound to find something that will work for you.
0.942562	Context:Testing Information Systems has become a major bottleneck. Besides the evergrowing complexity of such systems, their indispensable assurance quality requirements have led to increase dramatically the verification and validation costs. Our ambition is to be able to leverage the wealth of data that can be retrieved from execution traces by using advanced machine learning and mining techniques to automate the extraction of functional workflows and automatically derive relevant tests from these workflows. This research will be done in collaboration with University of Sunshine Coast (Australia), Simula lab (Norway), U. of Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France) and 2 industry partners providing data and test automation tooling. Description: The PhD work will investigate model inference and other machine learning techniques to reverse engineer functional workflows from test execution traces, in the form of enhanced state machine models. It will combine passive inference (from recorded tests) with active inference (deriving new tests to fill the gaps and accelerate the learning process). The main challenges are: combining the various abstraction algorithms that are already available (e.g. clustering, abstraction-learning, and model-inference), and ensuring that the resulting workflows are not too abstract, so that they can still be used to generate feasible test sequences; and that they are easily understandable to be put in the context of the process.
0.91477	Based on accounts by Jordanes, Procopius, Paul the Deacon and others; linguistic evidence (see Gothic language); placename evidence; and archaeological evidence, it is believed that the East Germanic tribes, the speakers of the East Germanic languages related to the North Germanic tribes, had migrated from Scandinavia into the area lying east of the Elbe. In fact, the Scandinavian influence on Pomerania and todays northern Poland from period III onwards was so considerable that this region is sometimes included in the Nordic Bronze Age culture (Dabrowski 1989:73). De conviviis barbaris (Latin for "On banquets of barbarians") is an epigram preserved in the Codex Salmasianus (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Codex Parisinus Latinus, 10318) of the Latin Anthology, copied in Italy c. 800 AD. It is noted for containing a few terms in a Germanic language that historians believe to be Gothic or Vandalic: in either case, this makes it a rare attestation of medieval East Germanic. Friedrich Maurer (5 January 1898 – 7 November 1984) was a German linguist and medievalist. The Frisii were an ancient Germanic tribe living in the low-lying region between the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and the River Ems, and the presumed or possible ancestors of the modern-day ethnic Frisians. The Frisii were among the migrating Germanic tribes that settled along the North Sea in the 4th century BC. They came to control the area from roughly present-day Bremen to Bruges, and conquered many of the smaller offshore islands. In the 1st century BC, the Frisii halted a Roman advance and thus managed to maintain their independence. In the Germanic pre-Migration Period (i.e., before c. 300 AD) the Frisii and the related Chauci, Saxons, and Angles inhabited the Continental European coast from the Zuyder Zee to south Jutland. All of these peoples shared a common material culture, and so cannot be defined archaeologically. On the east they were originally bordered by the Ampsivarii who lived at the mouth of the Ems until AD 58, at which time the Chauci expelled them and gained a border with the Frisii. The Chauci to the east were eventually assimilated by their presumed descendants the Saxons in the 3rd century. Some or all of the Frisii may have joined into the Frankish and Saxon peoples in late Roman times, but they would retain a separate identity in Roman eyes until at least 296, when they were forcibly resettled as laeti (i.e., Roman-era serfs) and thereafter disappear from recorded history. Their tentative existence in the 4th century is confirmed by archaeological discovery of a type of earthenware unique to 4th-century Frisia, called terp Tritzum, showing that an unknown number of Frisii were resettled in Flanders and Kent, likely as laeti under the aforementioned Roman coercion. The lands of the Frisii were largely abandoned by c. 400 due to Migration wars, climatic deterioration and flooding caused by sea level rise. They lay empty for one or two centuries, when changing environmental and political conditions made the region habitable again. At that time, settlers that came to be known as 'Frisians' repopulated the coastal regions. Medieval and later accounts of 'Frisians' refer to these 'new Frisians' rather than to the ancient Frisii. The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) were an ethnolinguistic group of Northern European origin identified by Roman-era authors as distinct from neighbouring Celtic peoples, and identified in modern scholarship as speakers, at least for the most part, of early Germanic languages.A Proto-Germanic population is believed to have emerged during the Nordic Bronze Age, which developed out of the Battle Axe culture in southern Scandinavia. During the Iron Age various Germanic tribes began a southward expansion at the expense of Celtic peoples, which led to centuries of sporadic violent conflict with ancient Rome. It is from Roman authors that the term "Germanic" originated. The decisive victory of Arminius at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE is believed to have prevented the eventual Romanization of the Germanic peoples, and has therefore been considered a turning point in world history. Germanic tribes settled the entire Roman frontier along the Rhine and the Danube, and some established close relations with the Romans, often serving as royal tutors and mercenaries, sometimes even rising to the highest offices in the Roman military. Meanwhile, Germanic tribes expanded into Eastern Europe, where the Goths subdued the local Iranian nomads and came to dominate the Pontic Steppe, simultaneously launching sea expeditions into the Balkans and Anatolia as far as Cyprus.The westward expansion of the Huns into Europe in the late 4th century CE pushed many Germanic tribes into the Western Roman Empire. Their vacated lands were filled by Slavs. Much of these territories were reclaimed in following centuries. Other tribes settled Great Britain and became known as the Anglo-Saxons. With the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, a series of Germanic kingdoms emerged, of which, Francia gained a dominant position. This kingdom formed the Holy Roman Empire under the leadership of Charlemagne, who was officially recognized by Pope Leo III in 800 CE. Meanwhile, North Germanic seafarers, commonly referred to as Vikings, embarked on a massive expansion which led to the establishment of the Duchy of Normandy, Kievan Rus' and their settlement of the British Isles and the North Atlantic Ocean as far as North America. With the North Germanic abandonment of their native religion in the 11th century, nearly all Germanic peoples had been converted to Christianity. As a Germanic language, Gothic is a part of the Indo-European language family. It is the earliest Germanic language that is attested in any sizable texts, but it lacks any modern descendants. The oldest documents in Gothic date back to the fourth century. The language was in decline by the mid-sixth century, partly because of the military defeat of the Goths at the hands of the Franks, the elimination of the Goths in Italy, and geographic isolation (in Spain the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths converted to Catholicism in 589). The language survived as a domestic language in the Iberian peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) as late as the eighth century. Gothic-seeming terms are found in manuscripts subsequent to this date, but these may or may not belong to the same language. In particular, a language known as Crimean Gothic survived in the lower Danube area and in isolated mountain regions in Crimea. Lacking certain sound changes characteristic of Gothic, however, Crimean Gothic cannot be a lineal descendant of Bible Gothic.The existence of such early attested texts makes it a language of considerable interest in comparative linguistics. This is a list of ISO 639-5 codes, including the code hierarchy as given in the ISO 639-5 registry. The code und (undetermined) from ISO 639-2 can be seen as top of the hierarchy (for example, und:aav, und:euq:eu). The hierarchy is not a complete genetic hierarchy; some of the collection codes are based on geography (like nai) or category (like crp) instead. The term "North Germanic languages" is used in comparative linguistics, whereas the term "Scandinavian languages" appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia.Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries speak a Scandinavian language as their native language, including an approximately 5% minority in Finland. Languages belonging to the North Germanic language tree are also commonly spoken on Greenland and, to a lesser extent, by immigrants in North America. The Vandals, Hasdingi and Silingi established themselves in Gallaecia (northern Portugal and Galicia) and in southern Spain, following other Germanic and non-Germanic peoples (Visigoths, Alans and Suebi) in c. 410 before they moved to North Africa in the 430s. Their kingdom flourished in the early 6th century, but after their defeat in 536 they were placed under Byzantine administration and their language likely disappeared before the end of the century.
0.999997	What styles of guitar or bass guitar can I learn? I teach Rock, Blues, Funk and Indie mainly, although I'm more than happy for students to bring me a song or piece of music they would like to learn to a lesson, I can then learn it and teach it to you. This way students can be sure to learn something that is interesting and useful to themselves, rather than just generic songs from a book. I can also teach you how to start writing & composing your own songs, along with the basics of recording so you can lay them down!
0.978389	Of the eight parts of speech, adverbs tend to be the one people have the hardest time understanding or even remembering. Adverbs probably pose more problems than the other parts of speech, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections, because adverbs are fluid words, which means different words can function as adverbs depending on their location in a sentence. Adverbs are modifiers and further expound on the meaning of a sentence, and as such can modify several different parts of speech, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, whole phrases or sentences. Also, adverbs can modify other adverbs, so seeing two or more adverbs in a row is not uncommon. Adverbs are modifiers, which means they change the meaning of verbs, adjectives and even adverbs in the same sentence. For example, in the sentence "John thumbed through the book rapidly," the word "rapidly" provides the reader with more information about how John "thumbed;" thus, "rapidly" is an adverb. Change the adverb to "slowly," and the reader understands "thumbing" differently. In the sentence "John thumbed through the very thick book," the adverb "very" describes the adjective "thick." You could also place the adverb "very" in front of "rapidly" to make an adverb modify another adverb. This results in two consecutive adverbs in a sentence. Nouns and adjectives can become adverbs when used to describe other adjectives. For example, you can write "It was an eye-opening experience," with the noun "eye" functioning as an adverb because it modifies "opening." Likewise, in the sentence "The letter-opener drawer is locked," "letter" -- which we typically recognize as a noun -- functions here as an adverb describing "opener." Adverb-adjective combinations usually require a hyphen. Sentences like "John thumbed through the book very rapidly" and "She completed the work the least efficiently" contain two consecutive adverbs ("very" and "rapidly," and "least" and "efficiently") and are grammatically correct. In both cases, the first adverb in the sequence modifies the second adverb. You cannot separate the adverbs in these cases and still maintain correct sentence grammar. Sometimes placing two adverbs in a row sounds awkward. "She really accidentally tripped" or "He runs extremely rapidly" both sound like clumsy mouthfuls. This is because the adverbs all end in "ly." By contrast, the adverb combination in the following sentence flows fine: "Tom is almost always late." The differing endings are therefore easier to pronounce. Purdue Online Writing Lab: Adjective or Adverb?
0.998992	Higher cost of living & studying in the UK? Is Canada more attractive to international students? \r\n\r\nForeign spouses and common-law partners are allowed to relocate to the country using an open work permit, and students are also permitted to work both during and after their studies to help with living costs and the building of industry connections for the future. Canada’s bilingual status is also clearly a major positive factor in its attractiveness towards students, as not only can it attract both English and French native speakers, the country’s consistent use of both English and French throughout the nation makes it a great place for speakers of either tongue to pick up a second language.\r\n\r\nThere are still a number of things you must consider before going to study in Canada, but as we can see there are a multitude of reasons why studying in Canada is such an attractive prospect for international students, and as more and more students discover the rewarding experience a period of study in Canada offers, it seems the country is now perfectly placed to take advantage of the reduced opportunities found in other English-speaking nations to educate the world’s best and brightest minds.
0.944161	The German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) is best known for his innovative contribution to the study of memory through nonsense syllables. Hermann Ebbinghaus was born on Jan. 24, 1850, near Bonn. In 1867 he went to the University of Bonn and somewhat later attended the universities of Berlin and Halle. After the Franco-Prussian War he continued his philosophical studies at Bonn, completing a dissertation on Eduard von Hartmann's Philosophy of the Unconscious, and received his doctorate in 1873. Ebbinghaus's goal was to establish psychology on a quantitative and experimental basis. While professor at Berlin, he founded a psychological laboratory, and in 1890 he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane. He became full professor in Breslau in 1894, where he also founded a laboratory. In 1905 he moved to Halle, where he died on Feb. 26, 1909. In psychology Ebbinghaus found his own way. None of his instructors determined in any marked way the direction of his thinking. A major influence, however, was the combination of philosophical and scientific points of view he found in Gustav Theodor Fechner. He acknowledged his debt in the systematic treatise Die Grundzüge der Psychologie, which he dedicated to Fechner. Ebbinghaus was an unusually good lecturer. His buoyancy and humor, together with the unusual clarity and ease of his presentation, assured him of large audiences. Another valuable trait was his Jamesian tolerance, which led him as editor to publish widely diverse opinions—a policy vital to a young science. Ebbinghaus himself published relatively little. No records exist of the work he did before he published Memory (1885). In the introduction to this work, in the section on nonsense syllables, he says only, "I have hit upon the following method," and goes on to discuss the nature and mechanics of nonsense syllables. Memory, a fundamental central function, was thereby subjected to experimental investigation. In 1894 William Dilthey claimed that the new psychology could never be more than descriptive and that attempts to make it explanatory and constructive were wrong in principle, leading to nothing but confusion of opinion and fact. Since this amounted to an attack on the very keystone of Ebbinghaus's faith, he undertook, despite his reluctance for controversy, to defend psychology as he understood it. In an article in the Zeitschrift für Psychologie for 1896, he justified the use of hypothesis and causal explanation in psychology. When Ebbinghaus died, the Grundzüge that he had begun early in the 1890s was only a little more than half completed; a colleague, Ernst Dürr, finished it. The major virtues of these volumes lie in their readableness and convenient format rather than in any radical approach to psychology, but these qualities, together with their comprehensiveness and minor innovations, were sufficient to produce an enthusiastic reception. Ebbinghaus's Abriss der Psychologie (1908), an elementary textbook of psychology, also achieved considerable success. Ebbinghaus's influence on psychology, great as it was, has been mostly indirect. Memory, undoubtedly his outstanding contribution, was the starting point for practically all of the studies that have followed in this field. Ebbinghaus's Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology was reissued with a new introduction by Ernest R. Hilgard (1964). There is no biographical work on Ebbinghaus. The most complete picture of him is in Edwin G. Boring, A History of Experimental Psychology (1929; 2d ed. 1950). See also Gardner Murphy, Historical Introduction to Modern Psychology (1929; rev ed. 1948). "Hermann Ebbinghaus." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 10 April 2019. <https://biography.yourdictionary.com/hermann-ebbinghaus>.
0.931745	Input: url (string) - the URL or domain to get a login for. Run the EXE on another computer (which does not have Python installed Error! Org/ m/ rip.split n for i in range(3 host oice(hosts) try: results ip_ad(200000) if results: return results00 except: pass # Let's fifty plus discount code 2016 try another host return None Let's try it: print public_ip If you are not connected to the internet, this function will return None. OptionParser (options, args) rse_args if pitalize: print "You used the -capitalize option!" if options.Exit(1) Note that it only works under nix environments (Unix, Linux, MacOSX. That's easy.Write(data) ose If you want to zip all file in a directory recursively (all subdirectories import zipfile f startdir "c:mydirectory" for dirpath, dirnames, filenames.Make sure the script is run as bff wear promo code root If you want to make sure you program is run as root: import os if teuid!You'll thank yourself one day for having read this book.I know soap is a mess, and I'd better not touch that, but I have no choice.) So, it's 4th septembre 2007, let's see the state of soap clients in Python: First try: soapy.Here's an example of defining an exception and a class (say in class myexception(Exception pass class myclass: def _init self pass def dosomething(self, i if i 0: raise myexception, 'You made a mistake!' (myexception is a no-brainer exception: it contains nothing.Import re, urllib,urllib2 class GoogleHarvester: re_links mpile(r' a classl href? ain french Je ne sais pas si je viendrai demain. Often a bunch of string operations will do the job faster.Class myClass(myAbstractClass def _init self pass m myClass thod1 Traceback (most recent call last File line 19, in module thod1 File line 10, in method1 raise NotImplementedError Class s does not implement method1(self self._class_ NotImplementedError: Class _main_.myClass does not implement method1(self) matplotlib, PIL, transparent PNG/GIF.You create your program: #!/usr/bin/python # -- coding: iso import Tkinter class myApplication: def _init self, root ot root itializeGui def initializeGui(self ot, text"Hello, world.grid(column0,row0) def main root root.Tall) def _init self pass def harvest(self, terms 'Searchs Google for these terms.Other languages have their own API (Java or a plateform-specific API (C/C).You should implement access control (for example, using hmac and a shared secret).Unicode.org/charts/ ) To convert a standard string to Unicode, do: myUnicodeString unicode(mystring) or myUnicodeString code iso-8859-1 To convert a Unicode string to a specific charset: myString The list of charsets/encodings supported by Python are available at ml Don't forget than when you print, you use the.See t/crew/mhammond/win32 import pywintypes # to handle COM errors.DictMixin ' dbdict, a dictionnary-like object for large datasets (several Tera-bytes) ' def _init self, dictName self. 1: print 'You must specify one file to process. In some cases you should check that the type of data you're receiving is what you expected. Here is a simple webserver which say "Hello, world!" on http localhost:8088/ #!/usr/bin/python import Basehttpserver class def do_GET(self nd_response(200) self.
0.999996	Some traditional mattresses are not supportive, sturdy and flat enough except with the support of bases. One example of such bases is the box spring which I will be talking about in this article. Memory foam mattresses are one of the most supportive mattresses you can think of. But, do memory foam mattresses need box springs? Are they enough on their own? You will get answers in this article. A box spring is a bed base having a strong wooden frame with springs. It doesn't stand on its own as it is most times placed on a metal or wooden bed frame. But, a lot of people also use the mattress and box spring alone without a bed frame. Box springs are popularly called "Divan" in some countries as it is widely used. It is usually constructed with the same dimensions as the bed to be used. In addition, the box spring is the foundation of a mattress. It gives such mattress enough support to make it last for a long time. As a result, it may last for years because of what it is built for. Even when beds are already well built and strong, box springs add even more firmness and durability to them, thereby increasing their longevity. They help prevent your mattresses from wearing fast and help them absorb shock better. Do memory foam mattresses need box springs? Some bedding experts say that you do not need box springs for your memory foam mattress. Memory foams are really sturdy enough to stay solid on flat surfaces, unlike the traditional mattresses that are less stable and comfortable. Therefore, you do not need a specific support such as box springs, for memory foams since they can even work well on the floor of your home. However, using box springs for your memory foam mattress is not a bad choice at all. You can pull out your old box springs and use. The benefit of using box springs (or other mattress supports) is that they will help put your memory foam mattress up to a good height. Having your mattress away from the floor makes it easy for you to get in and out of bed. Furthermore, it adds more support to your mattress so you can rest comfortably. It also helps absorb impacts because those springs do well in that. In my opinion, memory foam mattresses really do need box springs. If you own a very good quality memory foam mattress, then you may not need box springs. However, it is perfectly fine to want them. The truth is, even though your mattress can stay on the floor firm and flat with no problems, you may still decide to use box springs for more advantages, such as sweeter dreams, better support, and longevity of your mattress.
0.973315	It is 37.7 miles according to Google Maps. How far is Santa Barbara California from Oxnard California? Answer: Santa Barbara is about a 45-50 minute drive from Oxnard.
0.999993	Ariana Grande has just smashed another record and even she seems to be a little bit taken aback about it. The diminutive pop sensation tweeted a rather brief message 'the f*** is going on' at the weekend, in response to some special news. According to Chart Data, 25-year-old Ariana Grande has just become the first female musical artist to have three albums with over 2 billion streams in music streaming app Spotify. Grande has come a long way since her big break on Broadway in New York City. The actress and pop star had her first taste of fame when she landed a stage role in the 2008 musical 13. It was after this that she got the part of Cat Valentine on Nickelodeon's TV series Victorious, which aired in 2010. For example, now in the middle of her Sweetener world tour, the Pop Princess has now had four Number 1 albums on the Billboard 200 albums chart. All 12 of the tracks on her Thank U, Next landed a spot on the Hot 100 chart. In other words, she's killing it out there. Get your hands on some Ariana Grande albums before they become collectors items.
0.997239	If you have trouble falling asleep during flights, try these basic tips for getting some slumber aboard the plane. Come prepared to sleep on the plane. That doesn't mean arriving at the airport in your pajamas or even sweat pants. But you can select clothes that are conducive for dozing off, such as breathable, cotton pants and a loose-fitting shirt (too-tight clothing can impede your circulation and be just plain uncomfortable). You may also want to dress in layers to adjust to the plane's temperature. For long-haul flights, it may be appropriate to bring pajamas to change into, and many people take off their shoes while in their seats (though it's wise to put them back on anytime you get up to walk around). While some can snooze just about anywhere at any time, people often have trouble falling asleep in new or unusual places. If that's the case with you, try making your seating area as much like your bed as possible. Bring a sweater that smells like your significant other, or pack that blanket that you use when you fall asleep on the couch for a quick afternoon nap. If you tend to fall asleep while reading a book at night, be sure to pack some reading materials in your carry-on, or listen to some soothing music that helps relax you. Coming prepared for the hectic conditions of the cabin is essential, especially if you're a light sleeper. Earplug or noise-cancelling headphones can help keep out the sounds of babies crying, passengers chatting and people walking by, while a sleeping mask can provide you with the darkness you need to drift off to dreamland. Another key to avoiding distractions is to put away your cell phone and laptop – it's all too easy to check text messages or emails when your devices are at hand. It's tempting to indulge in a glass of wine or cocktail while you're on your flight, particularly if it's complimentary, but even one drink can make it difficult to sleep. Alcohol is, after all, a stimulant. If you feel a drink will help relax you into a deep rest, be sure to stop at one – too many will keep you getting up to use the bathroom, and the dehydration can lead to a nasty headache and hangover. You may also benefit from avoiding other stimulants, such as cigarettes and coffee, prior to boarding the plane. Choosing the best seat for sleep can make all the difference. A window seat is ideal for most, because it allows you to lean to the side and rest your head, and it also means no one will be climbing over you or bumping your elbow to get to the bathroom. If possible, avoid sitting near the bathroom, as this area tends to be noisier. In fact, the front of the plane, which is generally the quietest because it's away from the bathrooms and in front of the engines (which can push noise outward toward the back of the plane), is the optimal spot for ultimate relaxation.
0.959551	Should names of people potentially liable in accidents be withheld? Why providing the names of the crew members? I doesn't add to the value of the answer, but it may hurt their families who are not responsible. I had originally referred to several crew members potentially liable for accidents by name, as well as quoted passages in reports that used their names and ranks. Should names be withheld in cases like these, if the names don't directly relate to the topic? I can understand that, especially in cases such as the ones I discussed where culpability was not completely established, families of the person(s) identified could be hurt. At the same time, though, the names could easily be found in the articles and reports I linked. It would only take a few clicks for the relevant information to be found. Should names not be mentioned in cases like this, or is it fine to use them? I suppose it comes down to etiquette, but it could be important etiquette. I agree with mins' comments there. The names don't add any value from an aviation perspective. I very much like the way you have edited your answer now. The fact that the information can be found somewhere else does not mean it has to be re-published here. Great question, and not an easy one to answer. The identity of the people involved in accidents is usually completely irrelevant to the aviation interest. I say "usually" because it seems like there are some incidents that are investigated more thoroughly than others. If Harrison Ford had died in his recent crash, would we have removed his name from the question and answers, even - or perhaps especially - if he had been shown to commit suicide? And why is the pilot's name important here? Of course, you can say that celebrities or some high-profile accidents are special cases, but then you introduce an inconsistency that's hard to resolve: "I usually wouldn't mention who it was, but in this case..." My suggestion is to leave it up to the people who post questions and answers: if they post the names that's their decision, but I don't think there should be a systematic policy to remove them. Otherwise, it will always end up in an argument about who is (in)famous enough to mention and who isn't. And finally, there's also an argument that there will always be accidents where people search by pilot's name, flight number, aircraft model, or other 'irrelevant' criteria. In those cases, we might as well help them to find a good answer, rather than the speculation that exists on many other sites but that SE is explicitly designed to avoid. The names appear in the wiki page of the accident, wiki pages you linked. It's not going to take much effort to find the names otherwise. Besides that most of the accidents you mentioned happened +10 years ago. Those families will have gone through the hate-mail phase already and know how to deal with it. They would already have expected some lash back from people that remembered these accidents. In my opinion we will not be able to significantly impact the level of harassment that they get. My verdict: let the names stand, if the families want it taken down there is a procedure for it. But if they didn't have it taken from wikipedia then I doubt they would bother with our little site. I would note that official accident reports don't name the crew, even when their actions were deemed to be the cause of the accident (see, for example, the NTSB report on Asiana Flight 214). This is presumably because the purpose of these reports is to establish what happened and to make recommendations about how it can be prevented from happening again. Accident reports are explicitly not about assigning legal liability and, in the examples I know about (the US NTSB and the UK AAIB), their reports are, by law, inadmissible as evidence in court cases. Whatever our goals are here, we're also not about establishing personal liability. As such, I don't think it's necessary to name names, in most cases. That, however, doesn't address the question of whether we should. My feeling there is that we probably shouldn't, unless the person's identity is in some way directly relevant. I'm unsure what the legal situation is. Perhaps the mods should ask the Stack Exchange staff if there's anything we should be looking out for, there. Help Otto teach people to fly! Should the “incident” or the “accidents” tag be renamed? Reception of questions with answer easy to find online? Can removing comments by a moderator on their own answer be considered a conflict of interest? Should we penalise people who vote to close questions that should not be closed? Would you avoid downvoting an answer with a factual error?
0.695387	James Wilberforce Stephen (1822-1881), politician and judge, was born on 10 April 1822 in London, son of Sir George Stephen and his wife Henrietta, née Ravenscroft. The family had many colonial connexions, including John Stephen, Sir James Stephen and Sir Alfred Stephen. His father George was born at St Christopher, West Indies, in 1794, son of James Stephen and his first wife Anne (Anna), née Stent. Destined for a medical career he entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1812 but after two years was apprenticed instead to a firm of solicitors for five years. He married in 1821 and his activity in the anti-slavery crusade from 1824 led to his knighthood in February 1838. He also turned to writing: his Adventures of a Gentleman in Search of a Horse (London, 1837) ran into six editions. About 1847 he decided to become a barrister and on 6 June 1849 was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn. In the next few years he built up an insolvency practice in Liverpool and Manchester. James Wilberforce Stephen was educated privately and at St John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1844; M.A., 1847; fellow, 1848-52). From 1844 he read at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the Bar on 30 January 1849. In 1851 in London he married Katherine Rose Vernon. About 1854 he persuaded his father to migrate with him to Victoria, and on 31 July 1855 Sir George, Lady Stephen, 'family and suite', James Wilberforce and his wife arrived in Melbourne in the Oliver Lang. Father and son were admitted to the Victorian Bar on 9 August and for the rest of their working lives shared professional chambers. Sir George practised mainly in the Insolvency Court and was appointed Q.C. in 1871; James Wilberforce soon became the acknowledged leader of the Equity Bar, built up a 'large and highly lucrative practice' and became a recognized authority on conveyancing and mining law. Sir George applied for a land grant in 1856 on the grounds that as a former deputy-lieutenant of Buckinghamshire he was eligible for grants given to military persons, but the claim was disallowed. From at least 1863 he shared a home with James Wilberforce in Glen Eira Road, Caulfield. In Victoria Sir George led a life which he described variously as 'the life of a recluse' and 'twenty years of happy existence in a small but honorable circle'. In 1856 he was a member of the Citizens' Committee that worked for the reform of the prison hulks. In 1857 he was a member of the Land Convention. As one of the colony's very few knights he was in demand as patron or president for sporting and philanthropic societies; a keen player, he was president of the Chess Club, founded in 1866. He dabbled in politics but failed to gain nomination. He claimed to be an admirer of the colony 'apart from its democratic constitution', but was very critical of secular education. A prominent Anglican, he was a member of the Church of England Assembly and taught a class of young men on Sundays. He was a leading opponent in 1857 of Bishop Charles Perry's restrictions on church music. Those outside his circle objected to his 'cantankerous spirit' and 'dogmatic style' in his defence of the legal profession in the press, although the Age admitted that 'long experience has imparted power to his pen as a correspondent'. His nephew, Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, son of Sir James of the Colonial Office, described his uncle as 'a terrible thorn in my father's side for many years', but added that he was also 'a very clever vigorous old creature'. In his later years Stephen turned from legal to religious writing and published The Life of Christ (Melbourne, 1870) for the 'use of the poor and the young'. Ailing for the last two years of his life, he died at Caulfield on 20 June 1879, predeceased by his wife in 1869 and survived by six of his seven children. His estate was valued for probate at £3722. James Wilberforce Stephen taught the new first year law course at the University of Melbourne from 1858 but resigned in 1860 because of ill health. In March 1865 he was appointed to the Council of the University of Melbourne and on 27 April 1867 was awarded the degree of M.A. (ad eund.). He was an original trustee and life member of Trinity College, Melbourne. An active Anglican layman, he was until 1877 chancellor of the diocese. In 1866 he stood against George Higinbotham for the Legislative Assembly seat of Brighton. In October 1870 he was elected unopposed for St Kilda following the retirement of Butler Cole Aspinall; despite his opposition to (Sir) James McCulloch he was made chairman of the Elections Committee. In the May 1872 election he retained his seat against vigorous opposition from (Sir) Charles Gavan Duffy's party. An accusation of venality made by a Roman Catholic priest, although quickly withdrawn when found to be false, added personal bitterness to the campaign. Stephen was appointed attorney-general on 10 June 1872 in the Francis ministry. He was also placed in charge of the important and controversial education bill. Although admitting his hesitancy in leading the debate 'in the presence of gentlemen … who know very much more about it than I can claim to do', he shepherded the bill through committee virtually unchanged. As first minister of public instruction from 2 January 1873, he vigorously brought the legislation into operation until 1 May 1874, when he was appointed to the Supreme Court and resigned from parliament. As attorney-general he had faced a censure motion against the government over the release of H. C. Mount and W. C. Morris; his opinion that they were wrongfully set free was upheld by the Privy Council. Stephen had the reputation of being a conscientious and sound lawyer, effective in court though somewhat given to diffusiveness. Of an 'eager, nervous temperament', he also had the 'infirmity of saying unhappy things that he afterwards regretted'. Not long after his appointment to the bench he became seriously ill of a disease that baffled both local and London specialists. On leave of absence from 1877, he travelled in Europe with his family before returning to the bench in early 1879. But his marasmus and anaemia had not been cured and he died suddenly at Fitzroy on 14 August 1881, survived by his wife, a son and three of his five daughters. His estate was sworn for probate at £3153. E. R. Campbell, History of the Melbourne Law School (held by author). A. G. Thomson Zainu'ddin, 'Stephen, James Wilberforce (1822–1881)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/stephen-james-wilberforce-4639/text7649, published first in hardcopy 1976, accessed online 19 April 2019.
0.999998	How is salivary gland cancer diagnosed? Once your doctor has made the diagnosis of cancer, it is important that they assess the extent (or stage) of the cancer. Staging a cancer is important because it helps your doctor to choose the best treatment for you. It also gives information about the chances of cure. The stage is based on the size of the cancer, whether it has invaded into nearby areas of the body and whether it has spread to lymph nodes in the neck (called lymph nodal metastases) or other sites in the body such as the lungs, liver or bone (called distant metastases). The TNM (Tumour, Node, Metastases) system is used to stage cancer. This system is used to summarise information about the size of the cancer and whether it has spread to lymph nodes at other parts of the body. T stands for the size of the cancer. A T value can range from 1 (small cancer) to 4 (large cancer). N indicates whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Where there is no cancer in the lymph nodes, the N value is 0. An N value can range from 1 to 3, depending on the size and number of cancerous lymph nodes. M stands for distant metastases, or whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body outside the head and neck. An M value can be either 0 (cancer has not spread to other parts of the body) or 1 (cancer has spread to other parts of the body). Once the values for T, N and M have been worked out, they are combined to give an overall score between 1 and 4. Your doctor may write these as Roman numerals: I, II, III and IV. Early stage cancer (Stage I or II cancers), which are small (less than 4cm in size) and have not spread to the lymph glands or other parts of the body. Advanced stage cancer (Stage III or IV cancers), which are more advanced due to their size (more than 4cm), have spread to nearby parts of the body, the lymph nodes or other parts othe body. It is important to know that staging of salivary gland cancer may not accurately predcit the chance of cure. This is partly because the chance of cure, often depends on the type of salivary gland cancer and its grade. One type of salivary gland cancer called adenoid cystic cancer commonly spreads to the lungs, but patients with this type of cancer may for live many years without any problems. Other high-grade salivary gland cancers are more difficult to treat once they have spread to other parts of the body. It is important that you discuss the stage of your cancer with your doctor to understand what it means for you. The chance of cure depends on both the type of cancer and the stage. It is important to know that most patients with advanced salivary gland cancer (even stage III or IV) can be cured. Staging and grading are not the same. Your doctor may also be interested in the grade of the cancer. Grading refers to the growth pattern of the cancer. The grade of the cancer is determined by a pathologist who examines the biopsy sample under a microscope. The pathologist determines the grade of the cancer by how the cells look. The grade can be used to estimate how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread. Working out the type and grade for a salivary gland cancer can be difficult. Sometimes doctors can disagree. Often, the grade and type of cancer can’t be decided upon until the whole cancer is removed. Identifying the grade of a cancer is important because it helps your cancer care team to work out the best treatment for your cancer.
0.999342	International organizations are “explicit arrangements, negotiated among international actors,that prescribe, and or authorize behaviour” Koremenos, Lipson & Snidal (2001: 762) International organizations play avital role in the global politics. In this essay the various roles of international institutions will be examined according to the neo-realism theory of international relations, by highlighting its limitations and breaking down its core assumptions. It will finally conclude with the idea that institutions are not needed. It can be argued by the neo-realist approach that international institutions are and always will be constantly ineffective, because of their inability to stop states from acting upon their own interests and taking part in power politics. Scholars, Keohane and Martin’s response, as they develop the theory that “institutions are created simply in response to state interests, and that their character is structured by the prevailing distribution of capabilities.” Keohane and Martin (1995: 47) Mearsheimer challenges this by stating that institutions can only promote peace by manipulating members of the state. They advocate cooperation in a world that is intrinsically competitive so naturally States will use this pretext to take advantage of others. (Mearsheimer (1995: 82). To this end, neo-realists assert the irrelevance of international institutions, as they believe it does not alter the self-interested anarchic system of States. This idea that institutions play a non-role in international relations is a reductionist one as the argument that States will not respond to constraints and opportunities given by these institutions is greatly flawed. This can be exemplified by the UN’s regulation on the use of military force, “many States are happy to comply with these standards as it reduces the risks and costs of engaging in conflict whilst at the same time working towards disarmament.” Newman (2007: 143). The establishment of the United Nations was focused on coordinating and aiding States’ efforts to achieve goals which were common under the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention. Given that, the primary purpose of the UN is to promote discussions and give States the platform to resolve their own disputes and to not meddle in the internal affairs. The concept was never based on establishing a ‘world government’, so the institutions of the UN should not be given such a description. An example of this is the Earth Summit, where members discussed actions to be taken regarding environmental sustainability and climate change and then world leaders would reconvene in ten-year follow-up meeting to monitor each other’s progress. Neo-realists claim the international system is built on the concept of anarchy, self-interested, increasing power struggle between States, which has resulted into a large amount of distrust within global institutions. But many have affirmed that, “in a world of multiple issues imperfectly linked, in which coalitions are formed transnationally and trans-governmentally, the potential role of international institutions is greatly increased.” Nye and Keohane (1989: 35). UN and its inability to prevent conflict is one of its failures, but realistically speaking these conflict occur as a result of political and ideological tensions which need more than just bilateral diplomatic efforts in order to be solved, “as exemplified in the Arab-Israeli conflict, Western Sahara, and the disputed region of Kashmir.” Cassese (2005: 337). This reflects unrealistic expectations of the UN as an actor. Thus, the neo-realist critique can be seen from two different angles, that of the liberal institutionalists, affirming that in fact nations do comply to standards imposed by international organizations, and the pragmatic discourse, which concerns itself with the idea of the UN as a stage providing a framework for discussions and multi-lateral agreements. One of the largest institutions involved in global governance is the United Nations. It is a veritable global bureaucracy composed of numerous arrangements which in theory regulate and represent the social, economic, and security interests of all the human race. Its main body, the Security Council with its five permanent members, the USA, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and France, is the living proof of ‘Realpolitik’ hidden purposely behind the institutional structure of the UN, a type of politics functioning according to the pragmatic terminology of “nuclear, chemical, biological weapons and ballistic missiles” Schmidt in d’Orville, (1993:18). The United Nations sets its main goal, which is achieving global peace, but so far it has repeatedly failed and proved that it’s unable to handle the security and pacification of many geographical areas. A good example is the Rwandan genocide which occurred in 1994 when Hutu government officials launched a campaign nationwide to destroy all of the inhabitants belonging to the Tootsie tribe, an outrageous event which the United Nations had failed to prevent or stop, although a considerable amount of its armed forces were deployed in the region at that given period. Another example is the crisis in Sudan which so far has remained unsolved, although suffering has affected millions of people. A more recent case of the United Nation’s inability to manage a security crisis is the 1990 massacre of Srebenica of 8000 Muslims by the Serbian army, then under the command of Serb leader Radovan Karadzic. The above given examples are prove that so far the United has failed to deliver on its task for global peace, security, mainly because of the encroachments the P5 members have so far practiced in delivering appropriate policy outputs on matters of extreme delicacy. The inflammatory situation in the Middle East between Israel and Hamas has exposed the policy driving power the US, as a world hegemon, possesses when protecting Israel from the sometimes unfriendly resolutions passing through the Security Council (Klausner, 2007). Another interesting case is the war in Iraq launched by the US and its allies against the will of the UN, a case which proves all institutionalists wrong (Gordon and Shapiro, 2004). Therefore, it is now clear that when talking about international institutions one is correct to define them as ‘arenas for acting out power relationships’ (Mearsheimer, 1994:13), arenas which are dominated by the main economic and implicitly military powers. The same thing with the International Monetary Fund, which is an establishment of the Breton Woods System, which can be said to be serving the interests of the US, as it is deductible from the higher voting quota the USA holds within this financial institution and the background of the elites governing it. With the rise of China as both an economic and military power there is already availability from US bureaucrats to accommodate China within the IMF, WTO, and WB and therefore prevent the creation, under the influence of the government in Beijing, of other international financial institutions which might not serve the West’s economic interests to the extent the Breton Woods ones do. Another interesting fact about the IMF is that although it is allegedly designed to bring about global development, countries like those in Latin-America have suffered great economic setbacks as a result of the implementation of neoliberal policies and loan policy conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund. Back in 2001, due to a historic debt towards the IMF, Argentina had become an unstable country, creating security and economic concerns throughout the whole of South America. The examples do not end with Argentina, as Brazil, Chile, and Mexico have also suffered from the financial regime the IMF has embarked them upon. These are all very good examples of how an international institution not only does not make peace more likely, but it actually deems it impossible. Another good example of how the IMF’s policies are conflict conducive is the general divide it has created between ‘core economies and peripheral ones’ (Wallerstein in Baylis, 2008:147), a divide which polarizes the international arena and creates the premises for a significant number of economically driven political conflicts. The power structure persistent within the IMF and the WTO proves right the assertion that international institutions only ‘mirror the distribution of power in the system’ (Mearsheimer, 1994:13-14) as their existence is owed to the explicit strategic will of powerful states in the international system to ‘maintain their share of world power and increase it’ (ibid). 1. Cassese, Antonio. International Law. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. 2. Navari, Cornelia. “Liberalism.” In Security Studies: An Introduction, by Paul D. Williams, 29-43. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 3. Newman, Edward. A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and international security. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. 4. Nye, Joseph S., and Robert O. Keohane. Power and Interdependence. United States of America: HarperCollins Publishers, 1989. 5. Weiss, Thomas G. What’s Wrong With the United Nations (and How to Fix It). Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. 6. Traub, James. “The Secretary-General’s Political Space.” In Secretary or General?, by Simon Chesterman, 185-201. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 7. Deitelhoff, Nicole. “The Discursive Process of Legalization: Charting Islands of Persuasion in the ICC Case.” International Organization (Cambridge Journals) 63, no. 1 (2009): 33 – 65. 8. Hopf, Ted. “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory.” International Security 23, no. 1 (1998): 171-200. 9. Keohane, Robert O., and Lisa L. Martin. “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory.” International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 39-51. 10. Mearsheimer, John J. “A Realist Reply.” International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 82-93. Baylis, J. Smith, S. Owens, P. 2008, The Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to international relations, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 147-149, pp. 314-345. Brysk, A. 2009, Global Good Samaritans: Human Rights as Foreign Policy, Oxford University Press, New York, pp.220-235. Ceadel, M. 1987, Thinking about Peace and War, Oxford University Press, New York, pp.72-100. Dobson, P.A 1998, Review of Pax Democratica: a strategy for the 21st century, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 74, No. 4, p. 917. Gilligan, J.M. 2007, The Transactions Costs Approach to International Institutions, New York University, pp. 1-26. Held, D. McGrew, G. 2002, Governing Globalization: power, authority and global governance, Polity Press and Blackwell Publishers, USA, pp.46-70.
0.950042	Are there any conditions that must be fulfilled by an adoptive parent? An adoptive parent should be medically fit and financially able to care for a child. A person wishing to adopt a child must be at least 21 years old. There is no legal upper age limit for parents but most adoptive agencies set their own benchmarks with regard to age. For a child who is less than a year old, the adoptive parents can have a maximum combined age of 90 years. Also, neither parent must be older than 45 years.
0.999999	Našli jsme další záznamy k osobě Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová). Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) je pohřben(a) na hřbitově Ondrejský cintorín v místě zobrazeném na níže uvedené mapě. Tyto informace o GPS jsou k dispozici POUZE na stránkách BillionGraves. Naše technologie vám pomůže najít umístění hrobu a také další členy rodiny, pohřbené poblíž. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 19 years old when Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 20 years old when World War II: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state that controlled nearly all aspects of life via the Gleichschaltung legal process. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich, from German Drittes Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", the first two being the Holy Roman Empire and the German Empire. The Nazi regime ended after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 37 years old when Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 44 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 52 years old when Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day. The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer. Tatjana Bíla (Zegerová) was 65 years old when Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board. The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.
0.999483	As a freelance writer, I know how important it is to have a dedicated space to work on perfecting your craft. I cannot tell you how many times I was on assignment trying to write while traveling and could not get it together to write even a solid paragraph due to messy, unorganized, loud surroundings that were too distracting to let my mind settle in and do the real work. It is hard to imagine writing anywhere else once you have set up your own little home office or writing nook. You may be hesitant to invest time and money into a project like this. However, if done right, your space can provide you with everything you need to get your write on. Here are a few tips I learned over the years as an essayist. Before you begin to design your writing nook, you should think about the pieces that will be most important to your work, as well as take up the most space. For most people, this means a laptop or desktop computer. The layout of your area and required space will be very different depending on what you choose to work on, so it is necessary that you determine these factors at the very beginning. Depending on what your set up is, you may want a different type of desk. For desktop computers you will need to make room for the tower, and might want to get a desk with a computer tray that slides out from underneath to really keep things tidy and comfortable. Speaking of comfort, setting up your space to be ergonomically correct can save you a lot of chronic pain in the future. The best way to be sure that it is ergonomically correct for your body shape and size is to review some of the information online. You can look at a variety of diagrams that may give you a better idea of what the appropriate alignment for your body is. The most important factors are a supported lower back, knees and elbows at a 90-degree angle, and wrists flat. You should also check to see if your head and eyes are appropriately aligned with your computer screen. Choosing the right chair will have a lot to do with your comfort. Some people even prefer standing desks but that is something you will have to experiment with yourself.
0.985695	The Radeon HD 4870 1GB makes use of a 55 nm design. AMD has set the core frequency at 750 MHz. The GDDR5 memory is set to run at a speed of 900 MHz on this model. It features 800(160x5) SPUs as well as 40 TAUs and 16 ROPs. Compare all that to the Radeon HD 4870 2GB, which uses a 55 nm design. AMD has set the core frequency at 750 MHz. The GDDR5 memory works at a speed of 900 MHz on this model. It features 800(160x5) SPUs along with 40 Texture Address Units and 16 ROPs. Memory Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the maximum amount of information (measured in MB per second) that can be transported past the external memory interface in one second. The number is worked out by multiplying the card's bus width by its memory clock speed. If the card has DDR type memory, it should be multiplied by 2 once again. If it uses DDR5, multiply by ANOTHER 2x. The better the memory bandwidth, the better the card will be in general. It especially helps with AA, HDR and higher screen resolutions. Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum number of texture map elements (texels) that are applied per second. This is worked out by multiplying the total texture units by the core speed of the chip. The better the texel rate, the better the video card will be at texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). It is measured in millions of texels applied in a second. Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the maximum amount of pixels that the graphics card can possibly write to its local memory in one second - measured in millions of pixels per second. Pixel rate is worked out by multiplying the amount of ROPs by the the core clock speed. ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - sometimes also referred to as Render Output Units) are responsible for drawing the pixels (image) on the screen. The actual pixel output rate also depends on many other factors, especially the memory bandwidth of the card - the lower the bandwidth is, the lower the potential to reach the maximum fill rate.
0.955316	Optimum nutrition is defined as feeding your body with the right and proper amount of nutrients it needs to stay healthy. The cells are the building blocks of the body and store the energy and oxygen supplied to them through the arteries. How do you maintain the desired level is the paramount question that is being asked? One of the most effective means of applying it is making an effort to educate yourself in order to know what and how to implement the process. You need to supply your body with the necessary vitamins, minerals, calcium, iron, zinc and all the essentials enzymes. One of the best sources are from the natural fruits and vegetable preferably organic. The organic contains basically no pesticide that possibly contains toxin. Even though we eat supposedly three meals a day that does not mean we are getting the necessary nutrients to maintain endurance and longevity. This subject is still has not been given much attention and remains on the back end. One of the factors that is probably responsive for this minimal publicity is based on the fact that each person experience different changes relating to physical activity, and as a result the body demands variate from time to time. Also, there is also no specific comprehensive nutritional requirements for each genetic variation proven my medical science. Calories play a vital role in achieving optimum nutrition by reducing the amount that is taken into the body through your diets. So in essence, it is important to reduce your calorie diet that supply the necessary nutrients to your system. Malnutrition and dietary deficiency disease can occur as a result of inadequate diets. These disease range from scurvy, anemia, rickets, and goiter. On the other hand, diets that contains large quantity of calories and inadequate amount of protein, carbohydrates, and fats can lead to obesity. The objective and application is to balance dietary nutrients and to prevent diseases that are caused by deficiencies. It is important to make sure that the foods you consume contain the adequate amount of nutrients that help to promote and prolong longevity and wellness. It is also imperative to provide the right amount of protein, vitamins, minerals, fat carbohydrates, probiotic bacteria, and fiber. These are essential for the maintenance of keeping the body healthy, and also the desired level of body activity. As a matter of general principle and rule of thumb, you should strive to maintain a balance diets each day as much as possible. A good source to help you get the nutrients and enzymes is All bout Juicing.
0.999995	"Africa is quickly regaining its past place in world affairs as a proxy battleground. Amidst a potential U.S. military drawdown in Africa, Russia seeks to maintain and expand political and economic influence on the continent through military deployments and arms deals with several states. While Russia may face potential blowback due to a ham-fisted approach, lack of U.S. presence in Africa could enable Russian success. Text: The deployment of advisers – military and civilian – and the provision of security assistance to several African states is indicative of a renewed Russian interest on the continent. Russia's speed of action in this line of effort has caught many observers off-guard, causing the issue to be an under-reported element of Russian foreign policy actions….." Wonder if they, or their proxies will go "toe-to-toe" when they run out of free space and low-cost resources to exploit there. That could certainly be interesting.
0.997238	Locate a Drug Rehabilitation Center near me in Oakhurst, CA. Someone that is being affected by addiction might want help, but denial and other things such as the simple fact that they'll have to take responsibility for their actions sometimes makes taking the initiative to go to drug and alcohol rehab in Oakhurst, California more of a challenge. The guilt that people have is often times what prevents them from getting help, and it is a factor which could throw them even deeper into their addiction. Sometimes, it can take the love and concern of family and friends to get someone out of this before the individual experiences the worst consequence of their addiction, and a lot of individuals who don't get help pay the ultimate price of their lives when they don't. In order to avoid such outcomes, an intervention is something that family members can use to change things around in the right direction and without resorting to the guilt trip method to help get an individual right into a quality alcohol and drug treatment program in Oakhurst, CA. before it's too late. An intervention may be successfully held now, so don't hold back until someone has progressed to a point where their addiction has put them at "rock bottom". This is a common misconception which has caused individuals to experience many more consequences than necessary. A good drug treatment facility in Oakhurst, CA. is one which not merely provides effective rehab, but does so in a program that allows the individual to have enough time to address anything in their lives which could make them fall back into their old behaviors. This may take a great deal of time, and it is best accomplished by having an extreme change of environment that can only be offered at inpatient and residential alcohol and drug rehab facilities. These centers are often covered through private medical insurance, and when not offer financial help for clients who need it. Household and Income Statistics in: Oakhurst, CA. Madera County Behavioral Hlth Services is a Drug and Alcohol Rehab, Outpatient Drug Rehab Program with a focus on Adolescent Treatment, Co-Occurring Mental And Substance Abuse Disorders, Drug and Alcohol Programs for Pregnant Women, Treatment for Women, Treatment for Men, Assistance For Hearing Impaired. The address is 49774 Road 426 Oakhurst, CA. 93644 and phone number is 559-683-4809. Oakhurst Counseling Center is an Outpatient Drug Rehab Program with a focus on Co-Occurring Mental And Substance Abuse Disorders, Assistance For Hearing Impaired, Spanish Speaking. The address is 49774 Road 426 Oakhurst, CA. 93644 and phone number is 559-683-4809. Payment forms accepted are Medicaid, Medicare, State Financed Insurance, Sliding Scale Payment.
0.999931	Rihanna turns down halftime Super Bowl performance! Reports suggest the artist turned down the opportunity 'in support of former NFL star Colin Kaepernick'. According to US media, Rihanna was asked to headline at next year's Super Bowl halftime show, allegedly turning it down 'in support of former NFL star Colin Kaepernick'. The Super Bowl is typically the most watched event on TV in the United States annually, with the halftime show of Super Bowl XLIX (2014), with Katy Perry as the headline, peaking at 118.5 million viewers. Colin Kaepernick was one of the first National Football League player's to kneel during the US national anthem, a controversy that first appeared within the NFL preseason in August 2016. Players who took a knee during the anthem stated they wanted to draw attention to racism and police brutality. According to reports, Rihanna was the first choice to headline next year's Super Bowl halftime performance, but she turned down the offer partly due to the issue that Kaepernick hasn't been played in the NFL since early 2017. Anonymous source within a report posted by Entertainment Weekly stated that "Rihanna was the front-runner for next year's super bowl halftime show,"but she declined due to"[standing] with the players and Colin Kaepernick". Reports also suggest that Pink was approached to be the headliner for the half time show, but also declined as negotiations went on for too long. Maroon 5 have now been confirmed as the headliners for the show, which will take place on February 3 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia. Are you for or against kneeling during the National Anthem? To be Honest Kneeling during a National anthem is both Respected and disrepectful depends on the situation. In this case regarding the Police brutality and racism i agree people should be able to kneel for the national anthem in respect.
0.993975	Mueller also detailed alleged lies told by Manafort during interviews with prosecutors and the Federal Bureau of Investigation . They said his sentence should reflect a "modest" reduction from the roughly four to five years guidelines would suggest. Pro-Brexit lawmakers say the deal keeps Britain bound too closely to the European Union, while pro-EU politicians say it erects barriers between the United Kingdom and its biggest trading partner and leaves many details of the future relationship undecided. "Weeks spent tearing ourselves apart will only create more division just as we should be standing together to serve our country". Speaking outside 10 Downing Street, Mrs May said: "I will contest that vote with everything I have got". That followed her decision to delay a vote on Brexit which she admitted she was certain to lose. There needed to be 48 MPs calling for her to go - out of 315 Conservative MPs - to trigger a confidence vote and this threshold has now been reached. U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May is fighting to keep her job as members of her Conservative Party seek to oust her in a no-confidence vote. "A new leader wouldn't have time to renegotiate a withdrawal agreement and get the legislation through Parliament by Mar 29 So one of their first acts would have to be extending or rescinding Article 50, delaying or even stopping Brexit when people want us to get on with it", she said. All other Conservative lawmakers can run. They include former Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson and former Brexit ministers David Davis and Dominic Raab, who all resigned their government positions in protest of May's Brexit strategy. The list of possible replacements is long, but there is no clear frontrunner. We wait with bated breath to see what will go wrong next. While May said that she would seek assurances from the European Union on the Northern Ireland issue, European Union officials have insisted that the deal as it stands is the final offer. "As time is running out, we will also discuss our preparedness for a no-deal scenario". Leader of the House and Tory MP Andrea Leadsom defended May on Tuesday saying she was aiming to secure "legally-binding reassurances" that Britain would not be indefinitely stuck in a backstop customs arrangement. But she returned home empty-handed - and she was briefly trapped in her own vehicle as German Chancellor Angela Merkel awaited her. In Ipsos Mori's most recent poll, less than a quarter of the respondents felt that the British Prime Minister could get a good deal with the EU However, half of the country said she shouldn't resign if Parliament rejects her deal - a sign that for many, political chaos is more worrying than a bad Brexit. "I will contest that vote with everything I've got". A day after pulling the vote in the face of ridicule from lawmakers, May rushed to The Hague for breakfast with Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and then to Berlin to meet Chancellor Merkel before a trip to Brussels. "It is very important that these have to be additional legally binding reassurances", he told reporters in Brussels, adding that what lies ahead is "a hard and complex negotiation". On Monday, reports suggested that May was planning to postpone bringing the Brexit deal before Parliament on Tuesday, as scheduled, because she could not garner sufficient support for her deal from British lawmakers. May must win the support of at least 158 Conservative MPs to continue in office, in which case she could not be challenged again for 12 months. The proposal, however, has faced a backlash from Labour and other opposition parties, and the DUP - which backs the government in a confidence-and-supply pact - but says it will not back the deal unless there is "radical surgery" to amend its terms.
0.951091	Trace the history of Marvel's premier Irish hero! Get your green on, because St. Patrick's Day has arrived! While we're celebrating all things Irish, let's turn our attention towards one Marvel hero who called Ireland his home – Sean Cassidy, a.k.a. Banshee! This Irish mutant used his sonic scream powers as a member of the X-Men, and he used his NYPD and Interpol training to protect and guide mutant teens as the headmaster of the Massachusetts Academy. Here are some of Banshee's most defining moments! Banshee first encountered the X-Men while under the influence of the evil Factor Three organization. The mind-controlled mutant assisted the group in their attempt to kidnap Professor X, but the X-Men's telepathic leader saved the day by using his powers to free Banshee of Factor Three's influence. Many years later, Professor X asked Banshee to join the next generation of X-Men. Together with fellow new recruits Wolverine, Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus, Thunderbird, and Sunfire, the all-new and all-different team of heroes rescued their predecessors from the mutant island Krakoa. The team's lineup changed immediately, as Sunfire realized he could not be a team player and Thunderbird met an early end on the next mission. Banshee became a key member of the pared down unit, and forged strong friendships with his teammates. When the team went up against the power-mad Moses Magnum, only Banshee's sonic scream could counteract the energy released by an earthquake machine. Banshee pushed his powers past their limits to contain the device, resulting in its explosion as well as the loss of Banshee's powers. Sean retired from the X-Men after the mission, and decided to stay on Muir Island with his scientist girlfriend, Moira MacTaggert. After the X-Men were seemingly killed in Dallas during the Fall of Mutants, Banshee and Forge took it upon themselves to search the world for any remaining members of the team. For a short period of time, that duo held the X-Men together while reforging alliances with X-Factor and investigating Moira’s apparent corruption at the hands of the Shadow King. Banshee stayed with the team after they brought Professor X back to Earth, but he took a supporting role and left the heroics to his teammates. Cassidy stepped up his game in a big way during the Phalanx Covenant. As one of the only X-Men left unassimilated by the techno-organic alien invaders, Banshee took control of the situation and rallied a ragtag group together to find and protect the next generation of mutants. When the dust settled, Banshee suddenly found himself in charge of these new mutants as the co-headmaster of the Massachusetts Academy. But Banshee soon faced his greatest challenge to date – running a school with the formerly evil Emma Frost! However, Banshee brought out the best of Frost, and together they led the young mutants of Generation X. Banshee and Frost represented two polar opposites of the moral spectrum, but they truly cared about each other and the mutants in their care. More refreshingly, their platonic friendship never veered into romance and they shared an unshakable bond. After Generation X went their separate way, Banshee's story came to a tragic end. Cyclops' long lost brother Vulcan, who Xavier had recruited onto a secret X-Men team that ended up being slaughtered by Krakoa, returned to Earth seeking revenge. Vulcan hijacked both the X-Men's Blackbird jet and a passenger plane carrying Banshee with the intention of causing a midair collision. To avert disaster, Banshee flew in between the two planes and attempted to use his powers to redirect one of the planes off of the collision course. This heroic act became a heroic sacrifice, as Vulcan's control proved to be too absolute. Cyclops broke the news to Banshee's daughter, Theresa, in X-FACTOR #7, and she eventually took on his Super Hero name to pay tribute to her father. But in comics, nothing truly ends and death is rarely final. Banshee was revived by the Apocalypse Twins in UNCANNY AVENGERS #9 as one of the Four Horsemen. The Twins put a Death Seed in Banshee’s body, which placed him firmly under their control. Alongside, Daken, Grim Reaper, and the Sentry, Banshee’s Four Horsemen gave the Avengers Unity Squad all they could handle. Technically, the Twins and the Horsemen won the battle and allowed the Earth to be destroyed. Only a time-travel assist from Kang allowed the heroes to reverse that outcome. In the aftermath of that narrow victor, Banshee was placed in stasis as Beast tried to syphon off his Death Seed energies. But in ASTONISHING X-MEN #13, Banshee was once again called upon to be in a makeshift X-Men team. Unfortunately, Banshee was more like a living zombie for most of his tenure with Havok, Colossus, Dazzler, Warpath, and Beast. However, Banshee regained his senses by the end of their adventure. Banshee acknowledged that the Death Seed was still within him, but he decided to confront that part of himself alone. Now, his future has yet to be written. Check out more of Banshee's adventures on Marvel Unlimited! Look back at Theresa Cassidy’s evolution from Siryn to Banshee and the Morrigan!
0.999992	What is the phone most afraid of? Do you know what the phone is most afraid of? The persecution of nature and your own negligence are the reasons for its shortened life! Here are five phones that are most afraid for your reference. Avoid using the phone in a humid environment (seaside/rain) to prevent large amounts of moisture from entering the board to form water spots, short circuits, or oxidation of the metal interface. Because if the charging hole is oxidized, there is a risk of burning when charging. The mobile phone should be used moderately to generate a certain temperature inside, and naturally evaporate the water vapor that is usually accumulated. If the mobile phone is not used for a long time, it needs to be specially protected from moisture. Soaking water: Obviously, what kind of things can still be alive after soaking in water? Sulfur: Avoid using mobile phones in places where sulfur is heavy, so as not to aggravate metal oxidation. Basic common sense, mechanical collisions are easily damaged. Squeeze: The mobile phone is forced to oppress, although the damage is not as direct as the crash, but some screens have black spots, most of which are caused by the rupture and rupture of the liquid crystal. Because the pressure on the LCD screen can be quite limited, users should pay attention! Mobile phones should be protected from heat exposure. In particular, the high temperature in the car in summer makes it easy for the board or battery to change due to high temperatures, and the screen is easily distorted due to material changes. Temperature difference: The temperature difference generated when the mobile phone enters and exits the air-conditioned room. The moisture generated by the cold air may corrode the circuit board, causing short circuit of the electronic components and affecting the life of the mobile phone! There may be loose joints and prone to momentary power outages. Charging: Do not turn on the phone while charging, so as to avoid the high temperature of the phone charging the board. The car charger should be plugged in after the car is started, so as to avoid the instantaneous peak current flowing back to the mobile phone when the car is started, causing damage to internal parts. Friends who go abroad often have to bring some spare batteries. Otherwise, they must use the original charger to avoid the voltage difference and hurt the machine. Static electricity: The human body is charged with static electricity. If the disassembly and assembly of the mobile phone is not carried out on a platform that can discharge static electricity, it may cause the electrostatic entrainment to invade the fuselage and cause a short circuit. The accumulation of dust can also interfere with current conduction between the board contacts. Grease: The long-term veneer of the mobile phone panel, the oil on the face may penetrate into the fuselage, pollute the internal lines, causing damage! But don’t charge it all the way to 100 percent . It won’t be fatal to your battery if you do a full recharge – most of us are forced to do this every now and again in emergencies. But constantly doing a full recharge will shorten the battery’s lifespan. We’ve all done it: you’re getting ready to leave the house and you realize you’ve forgotten to charge your phone. Its battery level is perilously low, but you have 15 minutes to spare, so you plug it into its charger to give the battery a boost – and it gains a measly two percent. How do you avoid this in future? Read our guide on how to charge your Android battery faster. While Android chargers have a universal fitting, that doesn’t mean they’re all the same. Connecting your charging cable to a laptop is a bad idea if you want to charge your phone quickly: a USB 2.0 port chucks out just 2.5 watts of power, while USB 3 delivers 4.5 watts. Your wall charger will deliver much more, so this is the best bet if you want the speediest charging. Many modern Android phones support fast charging, which delivers a whopping 15 watts and can therefore charge your phone much more quickly. You’ll find a good list of fast charging phones on the Qualcomm website (you don’t need to have a Qualcomm processor; just Qualcomm’s power system). Be aware that just because a phone supports fast charging, it doesn’t mean the charger that came with it is a fast charger. You may have to buy your own. For example, the LG G4 is compatible with fast charging but the stock charger isn’t a fast charger. You don’t necessarily need to buy your phone maker’s own charger – a third party one can save you a fortune – but be wary of no-name gray market cheapies, which have a tendency to set things on fire. The less your phone is trying do while it’s charging, the more quickly it will recharge. Airplane mode blocks any wireless radios on your device, reducing your phone’s capabilities and therefore stopping it from doing so much. It won’t receive calls or messages while it’s in airplane mode, but it’s worth it to have a device that will stay on for the next few hours. Every Android Lollipop device has a battery saving mode of some description, whether it’s the stock option or a manufacturer-specific feature such as Motorola’s Doze. Switch this on to conserve power while your phone recharges. This won’t actually charge your phone faster, but it will solve the problem of having a low battery and not enough time to fully charge it. Portable USB chargers come in small, lightweight packages and often can be picked up for less than US$20.
0.958148	Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 – c. April 5, 1994) was an American musician who served as lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter for the Seattle-based grunge band Nirvana. With the lead single "Smells Like Teen Spirit" from Nirvana`s second album Nevermind (1991), Cobain with Nirvana entered into the mainstream, bringing along with them a subgenre of alternative rock called grunge. Other Seattle grunge bands such as Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden also gained popularity, and, as a result, alternative rock became a dominant genre on radio and music television in the United States during the early-to-middle 1990s. As Nirvana`s frontman, Cobain found himself referred to in the media as the "spokesman of a generation", with Nirvana the "flagship band" of "Generation X". Cobain was uncomfortable with the attention and placed his focus on the band`s music, believing the band`s message and artistic vision to have been misinterpreted by the public, challenging the band`s audience with its third studio album In Utero (1993). During the last years of his life, Cobain struggled with drug addiction and the media pressures surrounding him and his wife, Courtney Love. On April 8, 1994, Cobain was found dead in his home in Seattle, the victim of what was officially ruled a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head. In ensuing years, the circumstances of his death became a topic of fascination and debate. Rolling Stone ranked Cobain the Greatest Singer of All Time, in their list of the Greatest Singers of All Time, and the 11th Greatest Guitarist of All Time, in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Kurt Cobain was born to parents Donald and Wendy Cobain on February 20, 1967 in Aberdeen, Washington and spent his first six months living in the city of Hoquiam, Washington before the family moved to Aberdeen. He began developing an interest in music early in his life. According to his Aunt Mari, "He was singing from the time he was two. He would sing Beatles songs like `Hey Jude`. He had a lot of charisma from a very young age." In the years following his death, Cobain is now often remembered as one of the most iconic rock musicians in the history of alternative music. In 2005, a sign was put up in Aberdeen, Washington that read "Welcome to Aberdeen - Come As You Are" as a tribute to Cobain. The sign was paid for and created by the Kurt Cobain Memorial Committee, a non-profit organization created in May 2004 to honor Cobain. The Committee also planned to create a Kurt Cobain Memorial Park and a youth center in Aberdeen. As Cobain has no gravesite (he was cremated, with his ashes scattered into the Wishkah River in Washington), many Nirvana fans visit Viretta Park, near Cobain`s former Lake Washington home, to pay tribute. On the anniversary of his death, fans gather in the park to celebrate his life and memory. Gus Van Sant based his 2005 movie Last Days on what might have happened in the final hours of Cobain`s life. In January 2007, Courtney Love began to shop the biography Heavier Than Heaven to various movie studios in Hollywood to turn the book into an A-list feature film about Cobain and Nirvana.
0.999998	Decision confidence is a forecast about the probability that a decision will be correct. Confidence can be framed as an objective mathematical quantity the Bayesian posterior probability, providing a formal definition of statistical decision confidence. Here we use this definition as a starting point to develop a normative statistical framework for decision confidence. We analytically prove interrelations between statistical decision confidence and other observable decision measures. Among these is a counterintuitive property of confidence that the lowest average confidence occurs when classifiers err in the presence of the strongest evidence. These results lay the foundations for a mathematically rigorous treatment of decision confidence that can lead to a common framework for understanding confidence across different research domains, from human behavior to neural representations. Previous theoretical studies have offered a number of different approaches to understand the statistical and algorithmic issues involved in computing and deploying decision confidence. For instance, a signal detection theory framework is often employed for probing decisions under uncertainty, and can provide a strong basis for understanding decision confidence as well (Fleming and Dolan, 2010; Kepecs et al., 2008; Ma, 2010; Maniscalco and Lau, 2012; Ratcliff and Starns, 2009). Sequential sampling models have been used to understand how decisions are reached based on noisy evidence across time (Bogacz et al., 2006). These can be readily extended with a computation of confidence (Drugowitsch et al., 2014; Pleskac and Busemeyer, 2010; Schustek and Moreno-Bote, 2014; Vickers, 1979). Perhaps the most intuitive extension is within the race model framework, where the difference between decision variables for the winning and losing races provides an estimate of confidence (Kepecs et al., 2008; Merkle and Van Zandt, 2006; Moreno-Bote, 2010; Vickers, 1979; Zylberberg et al., 2012). Mechanistically, neural network models based on attractor dynamics have also been used to study how confidence can be computed by neural circuits (Insabato et al., 2010; Rolls et al., 2010). Such computational models have also helped to interpret experimental studies on the neural basis of decision confidence. However, it remains unclear how one could identify a confidence computation among mixed signals acquired from the brain, or how confidence in non-human animals can be quantified without verbal reports of their subjective feelings. What would a neural or behavioral implementation of confidence look like with respect to other observable measures of a decision? To resolve this quandary, previous studies employed quantitative models that could provide a formal prediction for what a representation of the internal variable of “confidence” would look like in terms of observable and quantifiable parameters. For instance, the orbitofrontal cortex of rats, a region implicated in the prediction of outcomes, was found to carry neural signals related to confidence (Kepecs et al., 2008). This was established by identifying unique signatures of confidence common to signal detection theory and the race model of decision-making. Similarly, signal detection theory predictions have been used to understand correlates of decision confidence in the dorsal pulvinar (Komura et al., 2013) and sequential sampling models in the parietal cortex (Kiani and Shadlen, 2009). Without such computational foundations, it would not be possible to identify and rigorously study representations of confidence in neurons. Beyond a description of how confidence could be computed, signal detection theory has also been used as a starting point for evaluating the metacognitive sensitivity of human confidence reports (Ferrell and McGoey, 1980; Higham and Arnold, 2007; Higham et al., 2009; Kunimoto et al., 2001; Lachman et al., 1979; Nelson, 1984). Here we approached the well-studied topic of decision confidence from a mathematical statistics perspective. We had two main goals. First, compared to prior studies, we attempted to make as few assumptions as possible about the structure of noise and decision rule or the algorithm used for estimating confidence. Second, we approached the question of confidence from a psychophysical perspective so it may be useful for psychological and neural studies that often use perceptual uncertainty. The premise of our framework is a normative model of confidence which relates confidence to evidence through conditional probability (Kahneman and Tversky, 1972). While this premise is widely accepted, we show that beyond calibration to outcome probabilities, it makes strong predictions about how a measure of confidence should relate to the discriminability of experimentally presented decision evidence. We began from first principles in statistics by positing that confidence is a probability estimate describing a belief (Cox, 2006). Thus confidence can be related to the available evidence supporting the same belief through a conditional probability. As such, Bayes’ rule provides a way to understand confidence in terms of quantifiable evidence (Ferrell and McGoey, 1980; Griffin and Tversky, 1992). Formally, decision confidence can be defined as a probability estimate that the chosen hypothesis is correct, given the available perceptual evidence – referred to as the percept. The difficulty with this definition of decision confidence is that it uses the percept, a variable internal to the decision maker. Therefore, it is unclear whether predictions are feasible without explicit assumptions about perception, how the internal percept is generated from the external stimulus. Such assumptions are generally used in the signal detection framework to keep the percept variable mathematically tractable. Here we show, however, that it is possible to analytically derive several novel predictions interrelating confidence with choice correctness and evidence discriminability with few or no assumptions about the percept distribution or about the transfer functions between stimulus, percept and choice. From a statistical perspective, a decision process can be viewed as a hypothesis test that evaluates the outcome of a choice against a null hypothesis representing its collective alternatives. Statistical decision confidence can then be defined as a Bayesian posterior probability, which quantifies the degree of belief in the correctness of the chosen hypothesis. In this view, both choice and confidence depend on the quality and amount of evidence informing the particular choice. Therefore we mathematically formalized evidence discriminability based on ideas from psychophysics, as a way to measure the quality of evidence presented to a decision maker. Based on these definitions, we derived four general properties of statistical decision confidence. First, confidence predicts accuracy: the level of confidence predicts the expected fraction of correct choices – as often intuitively posited. Second, confidence increases with the discriminability of presented evidence for correct choices, but counterintuitively, for incorrect choices, confidence decreases with increasing evidence-discriminability. Third, when presented with a zero-discriminability choice (i.e. an equal amount of evidence supporting each hypothesis, implying chance decision accuracy), the mean decision confidence is precisely 0.75. Fourth, while evidence discriminability itself predicts accuracy (a property referred to as the psychometric function), confidence provides further information improving the prediction of accuracy for any given level of discriminability. ), which is the decision makers estimate of a corresponding external variable (stimulus or evidence, D). Figure 1: A framework for statistical decision confidence. A stochastic framework of perceptual decision making can be formalized by introducing a small set of random variables. Random variables are denoted by capital letters, and their realizations in lower case. Thus, the choice is designated correct if the alternative hypothesis is true and incorrect otherwise. The evaluation can equivalently be defined as a binary random variable (outcome, Π) that is a probabilistic function of choice. Next, confidence (c) can be defined as the probability of the alternative hypothesis being true (i.e. Π(θ) = 1) provided the percept and the choice. . We can now define a function that determines confidence from percept and choice. denotes the range of all possible choices (i.e., the choice space). Intuitively, confidence, being defined as an estimate of choice correctness, should predict the expected outcome. We provide a formal treatment of the relationship between confidence and accuracy below. We seek to determine the following function: f: [0, 1] → [0, 1], f: c ↦ Ac, where Ac is the accuracy for choices with a given confidence. Our claim is that this function is the identity. However, I is not necessarily a countable set. We can re-write the equations in continuous form to apply to any set as follows. Here Π is a random variable that is 1 if the choice is correct and 0 otherwise (outcome, see above). . However, as this simplified version would not include stochastic decision models, we chose to adhere to the general formalization. Another notable aspect of this derivation is that there is no need for a relation to be defined on the percept space. However, if the choice is fixed (or determined by the percept, as in deterministic decision models), confidence defines a natural relation on percepts by ξ. More precisely, the order relation on confidence values can be pulled back to the percept space by taking ξ−1(c) and restricting it to a particular choice. Therefore, we can define the relative terms “low-confidence” percept and “highconfidence percept” based on the relation of confidence values the percepts map onto by the belief function; we will use this concept while proving Theorem 2. Please note that this relation always refers to fixed choices. Psychophysical studies require to measure decision performance at varying levels of decision difficulty. This necessitates the quantification of the decision difficulty axis, along which the proportion of correct choices can then be measured. Such interrelations, termed psychometric functions, provide a good handle on behavioral performance allowing the detection of subtle changes in behavior. However, there is no single way of grading choice difficulty, resulting in a broad variety of such measures, which complicates the theoretical treatment of psychometric functions. Therefore we define evidence discriminability by its property of measuring difficulty as a class of functions in order to provide a general treatment of the interrelations of choice difficulty and confidence. that is, higher discriminability should be equivalent to greater expected outcome (higher probability of correct choices). Any monotonically increasing function of expected outcome satisfies this criterion and can serve as evidence discriminability. Having defined evidence discriminability, we can now examine how confidence changes with evidence discriminability separately for correct and incorrect choices. We show below that while confidence increases with increasing evidence discriminability for correct choices, it counterintuitively decreases for incorrect choices. percept monotonicity: for any given confidence c, the relative frequency of percepts mapping to c by ξ changes monotonically with evidence discriminability for any fixed choice. Under these assumptions, confidence increases for correct choices and decreases for incorrect choices with increasing evidence discriminability. We begin with the somewhat counterintuitive claim regarding the incorrect choices. Let us first examine the two assumptions in more detail. The first assumption postulates that the function from percept-choice pairs to confidence does not change with evidence discriminability. Thus, whenever we calculate expected value of confidence over a percept distribution, only the percept distributions will depend on evidence discriminability. For incorrect choices, the second assumption means that with increasing evidence discriminability, the relative frequency of low-confidence percepts increases while the relative frequency of high-confidence percepts decreases in the percept distribution. Note that low-confidence and high-confidence percepts are defined here through the relation imposed by ξ on the percepts (see our remark at the end of the previous section). As a trivial consequence of this definition, confidence changes monotonically along low-and high-confidence percepts. where p and q denotes the probability density functions corresponding to P and Q, respectively. Note that p(c) can be thought of as the probability of the picture of c by ξ−1 restricted to incorrect choices in the percept space. The second term is positive, since c − ccrit is positive on c ∈ [ccrit, 1] and the probability density functions are evaluated on I1, where p ≥ q. Finally, the third term is also positive, because ccrit − c is positive on c ∈ [0,ccrit] and the probability density functions are evaluated on I0, where q > p. As a consequence, the sum is positive, which completes the proof for incorrect choices. For correct choices, high-confidence percepts are increasingly more likely with increasing evidence discriminability, thus present an opposite pattern compared to incorrect choices. Therefore, a symmetric derivation proves the increase of confidence with increasing evidence discriminability for correct choices. The assumption that ξ is independent of evidence discriminability is necessary for this derivation. In this framework, confidence is defined through the true distributions of correct and incorrect choices, kept fixed; therefore this assumption is met. However, if confidence values are updated based on distributions reflecting varying values of evidence discriminability, then the belief function will differ according to evidence discriminability, thus the above proof does not apply. Furthermore, the expected value of confidence cannot decrease with increasing evidence discriminability for incorrect choices: for the lowest levels of discriminability, when the outcome is at chance level, confidence will fall to its lowest possible value, reflecting equal probabilities of the null and alternative hypothesis regardless of the percept. This represents situations in which the decision-maker is provided with information about evidence discriminability, e.g. by grouping decisions of similar discriminabilities (like in a block experimental design), providing an opportunity to learn about evidence discriminability and update the distributions underlying confidence accordingly. Thus, the above theorem only applies when updating confidence based on knowledge of evidence discriminability is prevented, e.g. by randomizing the order of choices with different discriminability levels in an interleaved design. Psychometric functions reveal accuracy for any given level of evidence discriminability. While confidence also changes with evidence discriminability, it is not obvious whether it carries additional information allowing better prediction of outcome for a given level of evidence discriminability. Below we show that it does. For any given evidence discriminability, accuracy for low confidence choices is not larger than that of high confidence choices (splitting the confidence distribution at any particular value). A strict inequality holds in all cases when accuracy is dependent on the percept. Let us take the set of low-confidence percept-choice pairs corresponding to the low confidence choices by ξ−1, and similarly, the set of high-confidence percept-choice pairs corresponding to the high confidence choices. By the definition of confidence (Definition 2 in Section 2.1), low-confidence percept-choice pairs cannot have higher accuracy than the high-confidence percept-choice pairs. If all percepts are associated with the same accuracy (either when the percept does not carry information about the hypotheses of choice, or when the percept determines the correct choice with a probability of one), the two accuracies are equal. Otherwise, the two accuracies should necessarily differ, in which case the strict inequality holds. Thus, even within the same level of difficulty, the internal noise (e.g. noisy perception) can result in different percepts, some being “easier” and others “harder”. The decision maker has access to this internal variable while the experimenter does not. However, the confidence report contains at least part of this information, providing additional information to the experimenter, which makes the experimenter’s estimate of accuracy better. Next, we examine the average confidence at neutral evidence, i.e. evidence carrying no information about the correct choice, for one-dimensional variables. the average confidence for neutral evidence is precisely 0.75. We first prove the following lemma. Note that one of the critical assumptions we made is that the evidence is distributed uniformly over the evidence space. While real-life scenarios may often represent non-uniform evidence distributions, this uniformity property holds approximately true for many psychophysics experiments using interleaved evidence strength. Therefore Theorem 4 provides a quantitatively testable prediction about confidence reports in psychophysics experiments. To illustrate our theory we created a Monte Carlo simulation of the normative definition of confidence. For the simulation, we assumed that Gaussian noise (µ = 0, σ = 0.18) corrupts the external evidence, to generate an internal percept. We used a deterministic decision rule based on the sign of the percept. Thus, outcomes were correct if the sign of the evidence and percept matched. Confidence was calculated as fraction of correct trials for each percept based on Definition 2. This enabled us to explore predicted interrelationships between confidence, evidence discriminability and choice. Figure 2A shows that confidence predicts the mean choice accuracy (Theorem 1). Figure 2B demonstrates that mean confidence for a given level of evidence discriminability increases for correct and decreases for incorrect choices (Theorem 2), and that the mean confidence for neutral evidence is 0.75 (Theorem 4). Figure 2C illustrates that for each given level of evidence discriminability, accuracy for high confidence choices is greater than for low confidence choices (Theorem 3). Note that while accuracy across simulation trials with low confidence falls to chance (Figure 2A), on the converse, the average confidence for neutral evidence is at mid-range (Figure 2B). This seemingly contradictory result is explained by the fact that neutral evidence results in a mixture of percepts, most of which are associated with an above-chance average accuracy, leading to an apparent “overconfidence”. Taken together these plots illustrate four signatures of decision confidence in terms of externally quantifiable variables that can be experimentally examined. Figure 2: The normative model of confidence predicts specific interrelationships between evidence, outcome and confidence. (A-C) Monte Carlo simulations of the normative model (10 billion trials). Bins with fewer than 100 simulation data points were omitted. (A) Confidence equals accuracy. (B) Average confidence increases with evidence discriminability from 0.75 for correct choices and decreases for errors. (C) Conditioning on high or low confidence (split at c = 0.8) segregates psychometric performance. Above we derived properties of statistical confidence based on the definition of decision confidence as a Bayesian posterior probability. We next sought to demonstrate their generality by testing their validity on confidence values produced by other statistical approaches. First, we constructed a simulation to test the properties of p-values produced by a common statistical test for evaluating a choice between two hypotheses. First, we examined the one-sided, two-sample Students t-test (Figure 3A-C). Samples of 20 measurements were drawn from two Gaussian distributions on each simulation trial, where the simulated task was to identify which underlying distribution had a larger mean. To create graded discriminability, we varied the distance between the means from -0.5 to 0.5 with uniform probability. A simulation trial was designated as “correct” if the mean of the 20 samples drawn from the distribution with the higher mean was higher than the mean of the 20 samples drawn from the distribution with the lower mean. We computed the p-value for each trial using a one sided two-sample t-test to provide a measure of statistical confidence (1 − p) in the chosen response. Thus each simulation trial yielded an outcome (correct or error) and a measure of statistical confidence. Second, we also performed simulations of a bootstrap test (Efron and Tibshirani, 1993), which does not depend on a Gaussian assumption about the underlying distributions (Figure 3D-F). Exponential sample distributions were used. Offsets for the population means were uniform, ranging between 0 and 1, and the bootstrap sample size was 1000. As shown in Figure 3, the p-values derived from a t-test and a two-sample bootstrap test for difference between means reveal the same pattern of interrelationships we derived from the Bayesian confidence definition. Thus, the predictions we derived for statistical decision confidence are valid across different statistical approaches: Bayesian, frequentist and bootstrap statistics. Figure 3: Two statistical tests reproduce patterns predicted by the normative model. (A-C) A simulation of 10 million trials evaluated the one-sided, two sample Students t-test p-value with respect to accuracy and evidence discriminability. Since p indicates uncertainty, axes show 1 − p to indicate confidence. (A) 1 − p is positively correlated with accuracy. (B) 1 − p is monotonically increasing with evidence discriminability for correct trials and decreasing for error trials. (C) P-values contain information about outcome even at fixed evidence discriminability. (D-F) A simulation of the p-value in a one-sided bootstrap test for an ordinal relationship between two means, using exponential distributions. We presented a normative statistical framework that enables comparisons of statistical decision confidence with confidence measures in other domains. Unlike signal detection theory and other algorithmic frameworks that simulate confidence judgments based on assumptions about the underlying evidence distributions, we show that a strict analytical treatment is possible in a distribution-free manner. We analytically derived a set of properties of confidence defined as the Bayesian posterior probability of a chosen hypothesis being correct. First, confidence predicts accuracy: the level of confidence predicts the expected fraction of correct choices. This property corresponds most directly to the intuitive notion of confidence as a graded forecast about accuracy. Second, mean confidence for a given level of external evidence is larger for correct than incorrect choices and in fact varies with an opposite sign with evidence discriminability for correct vs. incorrect choices. Specifically, mean confidence levels increase with the ease of discriminability for correct choices, but counterintuitively, confidence decreases with increasing evidence-discriminability for incorrect choices. This surprising dissociation is a consequence of the differences in the distributions of conditional percepts between correct and incorrect choices. Third, and perhaps most surprisingly, when presented with an equal amount of evidence supporting each hypothesis, in other words a non-discriminable choice that will lead to chance accuracy, the mean decision confidence is much greater than chance – precisely 0.75. Fourth, while the psychometric function defines the average choice accuracy for a given level of external evidence, knowledge of confidence provides further information improving the prediction of accuracy for any given level of discriminability. These four properties are useful for interpreting both behavioral and physiological experiments on decision confidence. Behaviorally, our framework makes it clear that even statistically optimal confidence reports can appear to show systematic miscalibration. This mismatch between confidence reports and accuracy is most dramatically illustrated by the 0.75 mean confidence for neutral evidence that produces chance accuracy behaviorally (0.5). As our framework makes it clear this apparent miscalibration does not imply imperfect prediction of accuracy – rather it is a straightforward consequence of conditioning confidence reports on external variables of the task (e.g,. stimulus difficulty) that are not available to the decision maker. This property of statistical confidence carries important implications for the interpretation of studies demonstrating overconfidence in low discriminability and under-confidence in high discriminability conditions – a controversial phenomenon termed the “hard-easy effect” (Drugowitsch et al., 2014; Ferrell, 1995; Harvey, 1997; Juslin et al., 2000; Merkle, 2009; Moore and Healy, 2008). More generally one has to be careful when analyzing behavior or neural activity by conditioning on external variables not available to the decision maker rather than the internal representations that they are based on. When internal representations are examined as a function of external variables a computational theory is needed to understand how observables conditioned on the external variables is linked to the internal representations. Therefore, rather than revealing miscalibration, conditioning on external variables can be used to test signatures of decision confidence we derived (Figure 2) and will be valuable in interpreting putative confidence-related neural activity as well (Kepecs et al., 2008; Komura et al., 2013; Kiani and Shadlen, 2009). The framework we presented can be interpreted as a prescriptive model, describing how the computation of confidence ought to be done. In this sense it is useful for describing what a neural representation of confidence or its behavioral report should look like. Beyond this, we expect that our mathematical framework will serve as a departure point for quantitatively studying the contribution of confidence to different behaviors, and identifying confidence variables in other domains. Bogacz, R., Brown, E., Moehlis, J., Holmes, P., and Cohen, J. D. (2006). 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0.970435	Ethnography is defined as both a social science research method and its final written product. As a method, ethnographic observation involves embedding oneself deeply and over the long-term in a field site of study in order to systemically document the everyday lives, behaviors, and interactions of a community of people. As a written product, an ethnography is a richly descriptive account of the social life and culture of the group studied. Ethnography refers to the practice of conducting a long-term, detailed study of a community. A written report based on this type of detailed observation of a community is also referred to as an ethnography. Conducting an ethnography allows researchers to obtain a great detail of information about the group they are studying; however, this research method is also time- and labor-intensive. Ethnography was developed by anthropologists, most famously, by Bronislaw Malinowki in the early 20th century. But simultaneously, early sociologists in the U.S. (many affiliated with the Chicago School) adopted the method as well, as they pioneered the field of urban sociology. Since then, ethnography has been a staple of sociological research methods, and many sociologists have contributed to developing the method and formalizing it in books that offer methodological instruction. The goal of an ethnographer is to develop a rich understanding of how and why people think, behave, and interact as they do in a given community or organization (the field of study), and most importantly, to understand these things from the standpoint of those studied (known as an "emic perspective" or "insider standpoint"). Thus, the goal of ethnography is not just to develop an understanding of practices and interactions, but also what those things mean to the population studied. Importantly, the ethnographer also works to situate what they find in historical and local context, and to identify the connections between their findings and the larger social forces and structures of society. Any field site can serve as a setting for ethnographic research. For example, sociologists have conducted this kind of research in schools, churches, rural and urban communities, around particular street corners, within corporations, and even at bars, drag clubs, and strip clubs. To conduct ethnographic research and produce an ethnography, researchers typically embed themselves in their chosen field site over a long period of time. They do this so that they can develop a robust dataset composed of systematic observations, interviews, and historical and investigative research, which requires repeated, careful observations of the same people and settings. Anthropologist Clifford Geertz referred to this process as generating "thick description," which means a description that digs below the surface by asking questions that begin with the following: who, what, where, when, and how. From a methodological standpoint, one of the important goals of an ethnographer is to have as little impact on the field site and people studied as possible, so as to collect data that is as unbiased as possible. Developing trust is an important part of this process, as those observed must feel comfortable having the ethnographer present in order to behave and interact as they normally would. One advantage of ethnographic research is that it provides insight into aspects of social life, including perception and values, which other research methods are unable to capture. Ethnography can illuminate that which is taken for granted and which goes unspoken within a community. It also allows the researcher to develop a rich and valuable understanding of the cultural meaning of practices and interactions. Additionally, the detailed observations conducted in ethnographic research can also disprove negative biases or stereotypes about the population in question. One disadvantage of ethnographic research is that it can sometimes be difficult to gain access to and establish trust within a desired field site. It can also be difficult for researchers to dedicate the time required to conduct a rigorous ethnography, given limits on research funding and their other professional commitments (e.g. teaching). Ethnographic research also has the potential for bias on the part of the researcher, which could skew the data and insights gained from it. Additionally, due to the intimate nature of the research, there is the potential for ethical and interpersonal issues and conflicts to arise. Finally, the storytelling nature of an ethnography can seem to bias the interpretation of the data. Black Metropolis, St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton, Jr. You can learn more about ethnography by reading books on the method, such as Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes by Emerson et al., and Analyzing Social Settings by Lofland and Lofland, as well as by reading the latest articles in the Journal of Contemporary Ethnography.
0.999999	1896 : The Olympic Games, are reborn in Athens 1,500 years after being banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I. 1909 : Explorers Robert E. Peary and Matthew A. Henson claim to became the first men to reach the North Pole. On This Day 1909, they established "Camp Jesup" allegedly within five miles of the pole. There is a large amount of controversy over this claim for a number of reasons including no independent verification and discrepancies in his journal, and even looking at those Societies who accepted or did not accept his claim makes it difficult to know for certain. The National Geographic Society certified his claim The Royal Geographical Society of London accepted Claim. The American Geographical Society did not accept his claim Societies of semi-Arctic Scandinavia did not accept his claim What can be said is they did believe they attained their goal of reaching the North Pole and if they did or did not does not lesson the feat they accomplished. The main reason for the dispute is because of navigation techniques used and not used, and not having independent verification from other qualified navigators in his team. 1917 : Following the sinking of American liner Housatonic by a German U-boat and four more U.S. merchant ships President Wilson appeared before Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany and on This Day the United States formally declared war on Germany. 1930 : Mahatma Gandhi and his followers, in protest of the salt tax levied by the British Empire, ended their Salt March and Mahatma Gandhi manufactured salt from sea water breaking the British law establishing a monopoly on salt manufacture. 1931 : Following the growth of popularity of Radio the first late afternoon radio serial for children ( Little Orphan Annie ) is transmitted and draws a huge following. 1934 : The Ford Motor Company becomes one the first car makers to announce the option for white sidewall tires on its new cars at a cost of $11.25 per set. 1941 : Germany invades Yugoslavia resulting in the death of 17,000 civilians in a swift and brutal attack. 1950 : A train traveling from Rio de Janeiro to Victoria, Espirito Santo drops off a bridge into a fast running river in Tangua, Brazil, killing 110. 1962 : 7 Men have been arrested by Cuban Authorities and investigated for possible spying activities , the men were all frogmen diving off the coast of Cuba, American Authorities have confirmed 7 men have been reported missing who were diving for treasure. 1968 : Race Riots continue in cities throughout the US following the assassination of black civil rights leader Martin Luther King on 4 April. Curfews have put in place around the country and National Guard Soldiers have been mobilized to keep control. The death toll from arson attacks is 19 and the looting and shooting continue. The cities worst affected include Chicago, Washington DC, Pittsburgh, Detroit and at another 75 cities around the country. 1975 : Inspired by the American efforts to bring Vietnamese Children in need to the US code-named 'Operation Babylift' , A Boeing 747 chartered by the British Daily Mail carrying 99 Vietnamese orphans has landed at Heathrow airport. 1987 : Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis said on ABC's "Nightline" that blacks "may not have some of the necessities" to hold managerial jobs in major-league baseball (Campanis resigned two days later). 1989 : The British government under Mrs Thatcher has announced it is to abolish legislation which, in effect, guarantees jobs for life for more than 9,000 dockers. This is a continuation of lessening the power of trade unions in England and follows the governments battle with the miners and printers unions which the government won earlier. 1990 : Following the reunification of Germany the US and the Soviet Union met to discuss the future concerning the role to be played by the newly reunified Germany in Europe. 1993 : An explosion rocked a Russian nuclear weapons complex in the Siberian town of Tomsk-7. 1997 : NASA aborts the latest space shuttle Columbia mission after problems with defective fuel cells are found. The mission was scheduled to last over 2 weeks but has been aborted after just 4 days and has returned to Earth today. 1998 : The Dow Jones industrial average closed above 9,000 points for the first time. 1998 : Pakistan successfully tested a medium-range missile capable of striking neighboring India. Pakistan has the seventh largest armed forces in the world and is in constant conflict over the region of Kashmir with it's neighbor India. Both countries have developed nuclear weapons and Medium Range Missiles would allow them to destroy the other country. First Kashmir War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Second Kashmir War,Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Bangladesh Independence War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Kargil War (Kashmir ), Indo-Pakistani War of 1999. 2001 : Pacific Gas and Electric ( PG&E ) file Chapter 11 Bankruptcy when they are unable to sell electricity to consumers for more than they buy it on the open market. The State of California under leadership of California Governor Gray Davis bailed out the utility. 2004 : Jordan's military court convicted eight Muslim militants and sentenced them to death for the 2002 killing of U.S. aid official Laurence Foley in a terror conspiracy linked to al-Qaeda. 2005 : Prince Rainier III of Monaco dies, leaving the throne to Prince Albert II the eldest son of Rainier III of Monaco and Grace, Princess of Monaco, ( American actress Grace Kelly ). 2006 : The National Geographic Society has revealed the gospel of Judas Iscariot, even though the story's authentication, conservation, and translation cannot confirmed. The papyrus codex, which is believed to have been translated from the original Greek to the Coptic script was found in a cave near El Minya, Egypt. It has been moved from Egypt to Europe to the United States in search of a verification. Kept in a safe deposit box on Long Island, New York for many years, it was bought in 2000 by a Zurich-based antiquities dealer. Now in the Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art in Switzerland, the document will be donated to the government of Egypt, and be housed in the Coptic museum in Cairo. 2008 : Olympic Torch Relay arrives in London, England sparking huge protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters causing the route to be changed. 2009 : The 5.8 on the Richter scale L'Aquila earthquake ( central Italy ) leaves 307 dead and approximately 1,500 people injured. The Quake caused up to 10,000 buildings in L'Aquila damage. Many of the medieval churches and other buildings that are an important part of the history of the area were badly effected including the Basilica of Saint Bernardino of Siena. The earthquake left over 40,000 homeless which many believe was due to Poor building standards or construction materials. 2009 : Having arrived in Turkey from Prague, President Barack Obama has said that the United States "is not at war with Islam." This is his first visit, as President, to a mainly Muslim country. In speaking to the Turkish parliament, he called for a greater partnership with the Muslim world, and said the U.S. would be launching outreach programs. "America's relationship with the Muslim world cannot, and will not, be based on opposition to al-Qaeda," he said. He had told his audience that Washington supported Turkey's efforts to join the E.U. 2010 : The Muslim cleric that is tied to the attempted bombing of a Detroit-bound airliner has become the first U.S. citizen to be added to the list of suspected terrorists that the C.I.A. is authorized to kill. Anwar al-Aulaqi, who currently lives in Yemen, was previously placed on the target list that is maintained by the U.S. military's Joint Special Operations Command. He has survived at least one strike carried out by Yemeni forces with U.S. assistance, and said that it is god's will that he survives. 2011 : Sweden's Queen Silvia was injured when she tried to evade a photographer while visiting New York. The sixty-seven year old queen twisted her foot and was fitted with a foot brace and cane after the incident occurred. While she was shopping with her daughter Princess Madeleine, a Swedish photographer confronted them, and in the midst of trying to get away she injured herself. 2012 : A US Navy F-18 crashed in a residential area in the US state of Virginia shortly after taking off. The two crew members (a student and instructor) were ejected safely and luckily nobody was seriously injured and there were no known fatalities. The cause of the crash was unknown. 2013 : Nelson Mandela was released from the hospital after dealing with a recurring lung infection at the age of ninety-four. Mandela was South Africa's first black president and led the struggle against apartheid in the country. 2014 : Legendary Hollywood actor Mickey Rooney died at the age of ninety-three. Rooney had started his career as a child actor and began performing before he was two years old. He continued to work in film and as an actor up until his death. Rooney had suffered many ups and downs in his career, at one point being one of the highest paid stars in Hollywood to becoming bankrupt, as well as having varying degrees of success in his eight marriages. Known For : André Previn is a German Born Composer whose family fled Germany during the Nazi regime attacks on Jewish Citizens and became naturalized citizens of the United States. He is a multi award winning composer including winning four Oscars including his Scoring and arrangement of the music for the musical Gigi in 1958. His other work includes Original Music Score for the movies My Fair Lady and Porgy & Bess. In Britain he is also remembered for a single TV appearance on the Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1971 where he attempts to conduct Eric Morecambe as the comically-inept soloist of Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto. He is also a keen fan of Jazz and an accomplished jazz pianist and has composed a number of classical music pieces.
0.999947	I gave pepto bismol to my cat will it be ok? I don't recommend giving pepto bismol to a cat. Pepto contains salicylic acid which is aspirin which is toxic to cats. With that being said, a single small dose is not likely to have caused harm. If your cat received a large amount of pepto then the two main concerns would be for kidney problems and stomach ulceration. If you see that the cat is vomiting, lethargic, drinking excessively, or just not right then a vet visit is a good idea.
0.999699	Show up for the New York Liberty and enjoy an action-packed game of basketball at Madison Square Garden. The Liberty is one of the most successful basketball franchises in the WNBA, with a team that always delivers a fun-filled experience. It’s the perfect New York group activity, so come and soak up the electric atmosphere at the mecca of basketball, and show your support for incredible female athletes. The season runs from May–September, with group ticket options for both afternoon and evening games.
0.997952	Write a persuasive academic essay on one of three given topics related to management theory. The essay will be written in accordance with the guidelines for writing academic essays at Dwyer, J 2013, Communication for Business and the Professions, Strategies and Skills, 5th ed., Pearson Education, Australia pp. 627-630. (a) A strong organisational culture is essential for superior organisational performance. (b) The only thing that effects employee motivation is the level of pay. (c) In today’s turbulent environment only organic organisational structures are effective. Correct argumentative essay structure. Refer to the Academic Learning Skills handout on Essay Writing and Dwyer, J 2013 Business Communication and the Professions, Strategies and Skills, 5th ed., Pearson Education, Australia pp. 627-630. Harvard referencing for any sources you use. Refer to the Academic Learning Skills handout on Referencing. Thorough research is indicated. Professional use of sources to support ideas, well integrated, sources are credible. Very minor, if any, weaknesses with paraphrasing or integration/application. Professional work. Essay is very coherentand flows well; topic is addressed thoroughly; analyses in great depth. Very minor, if any, inconsistencies and weaknesses with flow. Topic, concepts are clearly outlined in introduction. Material in body is logically and clearly sequenced; very minor, if any, weaknesses. Conclusion effectively summarises essay; with recommendations and clear links to introduction.
0.999996	1. When and who should file an income tax return (3-NDFL) Apart from Russian citizens, foreign nationals and stateless persons are also required by law to file their income tax returns with Russian tax authorities. In some cases, this also applies to income earned outside the Russian Federation. 2. Resident or nonresident Paragraph 2 of Article 207 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation explains who a tax resident is. A tax resident is an individual residing in the Russian Federation for at least 183 calendar days within 12 consecutive months. The specified period of 183 days is determined by adding together all the calendar days during which the individual resided in Russia and the days the individual went abroad for a short-term treatment or education for 12 consecutive months, and at the same time, at least 183 days in the tax period (in line with paragraph 2 of Article 207 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Article 207 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not stipulate that the above 183 calendar days should follow in succession. Therefore, the days required for one to become a tax resident do not necessarily have to be consecutive. They may be interrupted, for example, during holidays and business trips. Having or not having a Russian citizenship is irrelevant when determining one's status as a tax resident. In other words, a foreign national or stateless person may be considered a tax resident of the Russian Federation. In turn, a Russian citizen may not necessarily be a tax resident of the Russian Federation.
0.960022	The story of the earliest Paleozoic animals is one of life in the sea. Presumably simple fungi and related forms existed in freshwater environments. The Cambrian explosion was a sharp and sudden increase in the rate of evolution, The biota rapidly diversified throughout the Cambrian and Ordovician periods as life-forms adapted to virtually all marine environments. Several different kinds of organisms adapted independently to life on land, primarily during the middle Paleozoic. Vertebrate animals made the transition to land via the evolution of amphibians from air-breathing fish during Devonian times. Further conquest of the land became possible during the Carboniferous Period, when plants and animals evolved solutions to overcome their dependence on moist environments for reproduction: waterborne spores were replaced by seeds in plants of seed-fern origin, and shell-less eggs were replaced by amniote eggs with protective shells in animals of reptilian origin. Flight was first achieved also during the Carboniferous Period as insects evolved wings. It has been estimated that as many as 95 percent of the marine invertebrate species perished during the late Permian Period. Extinction rates were much lower among vertebrates, both aquatic and terrestrial, and among plants. Causes of this extinction event remain unclear, but they may be related to the changing climate and exceptionally low sea levels of the time. The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on Earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. Almost every metazoan phylum with hard parts, and many that lack hard parts, made its first appearance in the Cambrian. Other dominant Cambrian invertebrates with hard parts were trilobites, archaeocyathids, and problematic conical fossils known as hyolithids (like the one pictured above, right). Many Early Cambrian invertebrates are known only from "small shelly fossils" — tiny plates, scales, spines, tubes, and so on. Many of these were probably pieces of the skeletons of larger animals. The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian, probably due to the ancient continent of Gondwana covering the South Pole and cutting off polar ocean currents. There were likely polar ice caps and a series of glaciations, as the planet was still recovering from an earlier Snowball Earth. It became warmer towards the end of the period; the glaciers receded and eventually disappeared, and sea levels rose dramatically. This trend would continue into the Ordovician period. The Silurian (443.7 to 416.0 million years ago) was a time when the Earth underwent considerable changes that had important repercussions for the environment and life within it. One result of these changes was the melting of large glacial formations. This contributed to a substantial rise in the levels of the major seas. The Silurian witnessed a relative stabilization of the Earth's general climate, ending the previous pattern of erratic climatic fluctuations. The Devonian, part of the Paleozoic era, is otherwise known as the Age of Fishes, as it spawned a remarkable variety of fish. The most formidable of them were the armored placoderms, a group that first appeared during the Silurian with powerful jaws lined with bladelike plates that acted as teeth. Early placoderms fed on mollusks and other invertebrates, but later species developed into ferocious, fish-slicing monsters measuring up to 33 feet (10 meters) long. Other types of bone-plated fish that lacked jaws developed a range of bizarre forms. Fossil specimens include species with horseshoe-shaped heads and others that looked like rounded shields. During the Devonian, two major animal groups colonized the land. The first tetrapods — land-living vertebrates — appeared during the Devonian, as did the first terrestrial arthropods, including wingless insects and the earliest arachnids. In the oceans, brachiopods flourished. Crinoids and other echinoderms, tabulate and rugose corals, and ammonites were also common. Many new kinds of fish appeared. The stratigraphy of the Mississippian can be easily distinguished from that of the Pennsylvanian. The Mississippian environment of North America was heavily marine, with seas covering parts of the continent. As a result, most Mississippian rocks are limestone, which are composed of the remains of crinoids, lime-encrusted green algae, or calcium carbonate shaped by waves. The North American Pennsylvanian environment was alternately terrestrial and marine, with the transgression and regression of the seas caused by glaciation. These environmental conditions, with the vast amount of plant material provided by the extensive coal forests, allowed for the formation of coal. Plant material did not decay when the seas covered them, and pressure and heat eventually built up over millions of years to transform the plant material to coal. A trend towards aridity and an increase in terrestrial habitat led to the increasing importance of the amniotic egg for reproduction. The earliest amniote fossil was the lizard-like Hylonomus, which was lightly built with deep, strong jaws and slender limbs. The basal tetrapods became more diverse during the Carboniferous. Predators with long snouts, short sprawling limbs and flattened heads such as temnospondyls, like Amphibiamus (above) appeared. Anthracosaurs — basal tetrapods and amniotes with deep skulls and a less sprawling body plan that afforded greater agility — appeared during the Carboniferous and were quickly followed by diapsids which divided into two groups: the marine reptiles, lizards, and snakes, and the archosaurs . The synapsids also made their first appearance, and presumably the anapsids did as well, although the oldest fossils for that group are from the Lower Permian. The Permian period lasted from 299 to 251 million years ago and was the last period of the Paleozoic Era. The distinction between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic is made at the end of the Permian in recognition of the largest mass extinction recorded in the history of life on Earth. It affected many groups of organisms in many different environments, but it affected marine communities the most by far, causing the extinction of most of the marine invertebrates of the time. Some groups survived the Permian mass extinction in greatly diminished numbers, but they never again reached the ecological dominance they once had, clearing the way for another group of sea life. On land, a relatively smaller extinction of diapsids and synapsids cleared the way for other forms to dominate, and led to what has been called the "Age of Dinosaurs." Also, the great forests of fern-like plants shifted to gymnosperms, plants with their offspring enclosed within seeds. Modern conifers, the most familiar gymnosperms of today, first appear in the fossil record of the Permian. The Permian was a time of great changes and life on Earth was never the same again.
0.994896	If there is a written lease do I need to give notice about terminating tenancy at the end of the lease? If you have a written lease, you would have to give your landlord notice if he requires notice in the lease. For example, if he says in the lease that you have to give him 30 days notice before you can leave, then you would have to give the landlord 30 days notice. There’s also in the lease may require you to give written notice or oral notice. I would always recommend whether it says written or oral to give the landlord written notice, so you have proof.
0.999943	The French conductor and recorder player, Jean-Marc Andrieu, began his musical studies at CNR de Toulouse, where he quickly obtained the first prizes of recorder, chamber music and musical theory. He continued his studies of musicology in Toulouse, became impassioned for the early music and left to improve his playing of the recorder and interpretation at the Sweelinck Academy in Amsterdam by learning from the greatest world specialists in these fields. In 1986, Jean-Marc Andrieu created an instrumental Baroque ensemble in Toulouse whose notoriety would not cease growing, and who would become in 1991 the Orchestre Baroque de Montauban. He is also seen entrusting the direction of the Chorus Department of the Tarn-et-Garonne. He is titular of Certificats d'Aptitude: professor of recorder, direction of chorus and director of the Conservatoire. Jean-Marc Andrieu teaches the international training course of Baroque music of Barbaste since 1988, and set up a training course of choir singing at Monflanquin centred on the interpretation of the French Baroque music. From 1989 to 1996 he was Artistic Director of the Centre Régional d'Art Polyphonique de Midi-Pyrénées. Since 1991 he is actual Director of the Ecole Nationale de Musique et de Danse de Montauban. As an orchestra and choir conductor, he is regularly invited both in France and abroad (Spain, Holland and Hungary) to conduct programs and recordings of Baroque music. In 2003 he renamed the Orchestre Baroque de Montauban: Les Passions.
0.999916	How many Instagram followers does Priyanka Chopra Jonas have? As of 2019-04-24 , Priyanka Chopra Jonas has 39127607 followers on Instagram. They follow 429 accounts back and generally receive 897490 likes per post. On average Priyanka Chopra Jonas receives 2808 comments per upload and since joining Instagram has posted 2791 media items.
0.9992	Do you have plans to remodel your kitchen and do not know where to start? The kitchen is one of the most critical places in the home. In it we do much more than cooking food it is the center of family activity and, also, it is the place of entertainment when you have guests. Identify the users and their tastes, according to their lifestyle. Then, look for those details that can become a common denominator between the parties. Evaluate the space for the new kitchen, according to the needs of movement, storage, and equipment. Consider the expert (s) needed for your remodeling project. Depending on the complexity of the same, it may be necessary to use contractors in construction, designers, and even architects. With the advice of these, you can have the guarantee of a fascinating final result.
0.981633	The Lafayette Police Department says that several schools in North Lafayette were placed on lockdown after threats were reportedly made. The department says there was never any immediate danger to students or faculty but that the lockdowns were initiated as a precaution as police investigated the credibility of the threats. Those threats have since been deemed non-credible. No Lafayette Parish Public Schools were a part of the lockdown.
0.954531	What is a failure to warn claim? A manufacturer, distributor or retailer can be held liable for a failure to provide adequate warnings on a product, if you, as a consumer, suffer an injury as a result. In California, a defendant can be held liable for a products defect or failure to warn, regardless of whether the company or business acted negligently.
0.94421	How can we solve the problem of population growth? Population growth continue to increase in the world at a fast pace. As the population swells, many experts are not only worry about this subject, but also are they concern about its hazardous results. Famine, environmental pollution or even war are some of these threats. As a few suggestions to fight over-population, we can rely on better education, family incentives or even stricter social legislation. Education is the most important mean to control the population. Family control topics are quite matured and common in many developed countries, but on the other hand is a subject of less attention in under-developed countries. Many married women in these societies are prone to unprecedented pregnancy which eventually leads to child birth. Lack of proper education in this scope causes these sort of problems. There are many statistics in Africa for example, which show a rising number of young women have searched for a post-prevention remedy after they found out about their unwanted pregnancy. In some developing countries, governments introduce programs to encourage families for less children. These programs normally offer people incentives such as tax cut or special retirement benefits. In these societies it is proven that many families will welcome family control schemes if they receive advantages in their financial life. For example, in Turkey the number child birth dropped by 20 percent after unveiling such a program in 2003. Next alternative which is less popular among families is setting hard legislation to prevent population growth. Stopping some social benefits such as pension or having the right to vote are some of many possible rules and regulations through which governments can control the population more exclusively. This scheme is often used in highly populated countries such as India which the prior models might not work properly. In summary, handling the consequences of over-population is very difficult for many countries and as a result this subject should not be underestimated. Through education, encouragement models or by using the law we might be able to avoid the threat of population ‘explosion’. Education is the most important mean to control the population. Family control (population control?) topics are quite matured and common in many developed countries, but on the other hand is a subject of less attention in under-developed (developing) countries. Many married women in these societies are prone to unprecedented pregnancy which eventually leads to child birth. Lack of proper education in this scope causes these sort of (the oral English is not good use in essays) problems. There are many statistics in Africa for example, which show a rising number of young women have searched for a post-prevention remedy after they found out about their unwanted pregnancy. In some developing countries, governments introduce programs to encourage families for less children. These programs normally offer people incentives such as tax cut or special retirement benefits. In these societies, it is proven that many families will welcome family control schemes if they receive advantages in their financial life. For example, in Turkey the number child birth dropped by 20 percent after unveiling such a program in 2003. Next alternative which is less popular among families is setting hard legislation to prevent population growth. Stopping some social benefits such as pension or having the right to vote are some of many possible rules and regulations through which governments can control the population more exclusively. (this sentence is quite long, u lost me. I think sth is wrong in his sentence) This scheme is often used in highly populated countries such as India which the prior models might not work properly. Good essay. Tons of good words in ur essay and the opinion is clear. The grammar mistakes r few. If I m the examiner, I would give u a high score. But I wanna say that some of ur sentences r hard to understand. Maybe I m not good, however, I suggest that cut some long sentences down, coz I guess English is a language, it use for easy to understand not just long clauses used in essay. Be careful about not only, but also, perhaps u r right, but so many people make mistakes here. As the population swells, many experts are not only worry about this subject, they have also serious concerns about its hazardous results. Damien Jacobs is not only trying to learn a new defensive scheme and how to play in the Southeastern Conference, he's also trying to not become another part of Florida's trend of junior college busts. You are right; it's kinda vague. Stopping some social benefits such as having the right to vote are of many possible rules which governments can establish in hope for a slow down in population rate. I got ur point from ur rewrite. I wanna say that u r rich in luxical resources. intimidate is a good word, i have to say. I c ur comments on another essay, I hope u could achieve good result. Please be careful with the topics you find. iIf the topic is not taken from an IELTS paper, don't waste your time doing it. I don't know where the topic above came from but it's not IELTS. There is no such word as "growths" unless it is in a decaying log in a forest or you are a cancer surgeon. Population growth is a major threat to the planet. Should governments be required to control the population growth of their countries? Population growth is a major threat to the planet because of pressure on the environment and resources. Should people be free to have as many children as they want? Be careful with your topics. You can spend a lot of time on an essay but it might be wasted effort if it's not an IELTS-style question.
0.570444	An ice hockey rink is an ice rink that is specifically designed for ice hockey, a team competing sport. Alternatively it is used for other sports such as broomball, ringette and rink bandy. It is rectangular with rounded corners and surrounded by a wall approximately 1 meter (40-48 inches) high called the boards. There are two standard sizes for hockey rinks: one used primarily in North America (NHL, AHL, ECHL, etc.), the other used in the rest of the world (IIHF). The two sizes are known as NHL (for the smaller version used primarily in North America), and Olympic (for international play). Most North American rinks follow the National Hockey League (NHL) specifications of 200 feet (61 m) × 85 feet (26 m) with a corner radius of 28 feet (8.5 m). The distance from the end boards to the nearest goal line is 11 feet (3.4 m). The NHL attacking zones are expanded, with blue lines 64 feet (20 m) from the goal line and 50 feet (15 m) apart. Canadian rinks may vary from NHL ones, especially in the goal crease shape (semi-circular), and in the rink dimensions which can accept widths from 85 to 100 feet. In Finland the rink should be 60 metres (200 ft) long and between 26–30 metres (85–98 ft) wide. The rink specifications originate from the ice surface of the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, constructed in 1862, where the first indoor game was played in 1875. Its ice surface measured 204 feet (62 m) × 80 feet (24 m). The curved corners are considered to originate from the design of the Montreal Arena, also in Montreal, constructed in 1898. The centre line divides the ice in half crosswise. It is used to judge icing, meaning that if a team sends the puck across the centre line (red line), blue line and then across the goal line (that is to say, shoots or dumps the puck past the goal line from behind their own side of the centre line) it is said to be icing. It is a thick line, and in the NHL must "contain regular interval markings of a uniform distinctive design, which will readily distinguish it from the two blue lines." When discussing differences in the rules of the game, it is often said that a game is played with no red line. This simply means that there is no two-line pass violation. The centre line is still used to judge icing violations. There are 9 faceoff spots on a hockey rink. Most faceoffs take place at these spots. There are two spots in each team's defensive zone, two at each end of the neutral zone, and one in the center of the rink. Both the center faceoff spot and center faceoff circle are blue. The circle is 9 metres (30 ft) in diameter, with an outline 5 centimetres (2.0 in) thick, and the faceoff spot is a solid blue circle 30 centimetres (12 in) in diameter. All of the other faceoff spots and circles are colored red. Each spot consists of a circle 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) in diameter (as measured from the outermost edges) with an outline 5 centimetres (2.0 in) thick. Within the spot, two red vertical lines are drawn three inches (3”) from the left and right inner edges, and the area between these lines is painted red while the rest of the circle is painted white. At each end of the ice, there is a goal consisting of a metal goal frame and cloth net in which each team must place the puck to earn points. According to NHL and IIHF rules, the entire puck must cross the entire goal line in order to be counted as a goal. Under NHL rules, the opening of the goal is 72 inches (180 cm) wide by 48 inches (120 cm) tall, and the footprint of the goal is 40 inches (110 cm) deep. The crease is a special area of the ice designed to allow the goaltender to perform without interference. It is the only large area of the ice painted blue to establish its presence. In most leagues, goals are disallowed if an attacking player enters the goal crease with a stick, skate, or any body part before the puck enters the crease. Goals are also disallowed if an attacking player obstructs the goalie from attempting to make a save. For the purposes of this rule, the crease extends vertically from the painted lines to the top of the goal frame. The rule preventing goals while an attacking player is in the crease was eliminated from the NHL and other North American professional leagues beginning in the 1999–2000 season — however, an NHL skater physically obstructing a goalie's movements within the crease can be called for a "goaltender interference" penalty for such a potential infraction in NHL play. In amateur and international hockey, the goal crease is a half circle with radius of 1.8 m (6 ft). In the NHL and North American professional leagues, this goal crease is truncated along straight lines extending perpendicularly from the goal line 1 ft (30.5 cm) outside each goal post. In the NHL, there are also two red hashmarks 5 centimetres (2.0 in) thick located 4 ft from the goal line that extend 12.5 centimetres (4.9 in) into the crease from either side. During the 2004-05 American Hockey League (AHL) season, an experimental rule was implemented for the first seven weeks of the season, instituting a goaltender trap zone, more commonly called the trapezoid in reference to its shape. Under the rule, it is prohibited for the goaltender to handle the puck anywhere behind the goal line that is not within the trapezoidal area. If they do so they are assessed a minor penalty for delay of game. The motivation for the introduction of the trapezoid was to promote game flow and prolonged offensive attacks by making it more difficult for the goaltender to possess and clear the puck. The rule was aimed at reducing the effectiveness of goaltenders with good puck-handling abilities, most notably Martin Brodeur and Marty Turco. The area consists of a centred, symmetrical trapezoid. The bases of the trapezoid are formed by the goal line and the end boards. The base on the goal line measures 6.71 metres (22.0 ft) — widened from the original 5.5 metres (18 ft) for the 2014-15 NHL season onwards — and the base along the end boards measures 8.5 metres (28 ft), with the depth behind the goal line-to-boards distance specified at 3.35 metres (11.0 ft). The referee's crease is a semicircle ten feet in radius in front of the scorekeepers bench. Under USA Hockey rule 601(d)(5), any player entering or remaining in the referee's crease while the referee is reporting to or consulting with any game official may be assessed a misconduct penalty. The USA Hockey casebook specifically states that the imposition of such a penalty would be unusual, and the player would typically first be asked to leave the referee's crease before the imposition of the penalty. The NHL has a similar rule, also calling for a misconduct penalty. Traditionally, captains and alternate captains are the only players allowed to approach the referee's crease. In a hockey rink, the boards are the sides of the rink. The "side boards" are the boards along the two long sides of the rink. The half boards are the boards halfway between the goal line and blue line. The sections of the rink located behind each goal are called the "end boards." The boards that are curved (near the ends of the rink) are called the "corner boards." It is a popular misconception that the half boards are the entire section of boards on the sides of the rink. Upright bars located at the ends of the team benches.
0.976827	[ENGLISH] . The second kind of knowledge they lack is the knowledge of God's Word (you have forgotten the law of your God ). They know the Word of God some - perhaps a little - but not enough. Perhaps they felt they knew God's Word well enough already . It should not surprise us that there is a connection between knowing God and knowing His Word. Some people think that Bible knowledge is boring and brainy and not necessary for a real walk with God. But God and His Word are vitally connected . Psalm 138:2 says, You have magnified Your word above all Your name. When God sought for a term to express His nature, He calls Himself "The Word" (John 1:1 ) . When we know God for who He really is, it affects our conduct. "Where there is no knowledge of God, no conviction of his omnipresence and omniscience, private offences, such as stealing, adulteries, and so forth, will prevail." [ENGLISH] . My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: When God's people are destroyed and waste away, it isn't because God has lost either His love or strength . It's because His people lack … knowledge. It isn't that God says His people are completely ignorant. They have someknowledge, but not enough. They may have just enough to make them think they know it all . What kind of knowledge do they lack? In the context, the first answer must be they lack the knowledge of God (Hosea 4:1 ). They know God some - perhaps a little - but not enough. Perhaps they felt they knew God well enough already.
0.994486	Components: Each index follows a specific methodology to determine which commodities are part of the index. Some indexes, such as the S&P GSCI, include commodities based on their global production value. Other indexes, such as the DBLCI, include commodities based on their liquidity and representational value of a component class, such as picking gold to represent metals and choosing oil as a representative of the energy market. Weightings: Some indexes follow a production-weighted methodology, in which weights are assigned to each commodity based on its proportional production in the world. Other indexes choose component weightings based on the liquidity of the commodity’s futures contract. In addition, some weightings are fixed over a predetermined period of time, whereas others fluctuate to reflect changes in actual production values. Rolling methodology: Because the index’s purpose is to track the performance of commodities and not take actual delivery of the commodity, the futures contracts that the index tracks must be rolled over from the current-month contract to the front-month contract (the upcoming trading month). Because this rolling process provides a roll yield (a yield that results from the price differential between the current and front months), you need to examine each index’s policy on rolling. You can find this information in the index brochure. Rebalancing features: Every index reviews its components and their weightings on a regular basis to maintain an index that reflects actual values in the global commodities markets. Some indexes rebalance annually; other indexes rebalance more frequently. Before you invest in an index, find out when it’s rebalanced and what methodology it uses to rebalance. Tradability: The commodities have to be traded on a designated exchange and must have a futures contract assigned to them. Liquidity: The market for the underlying commodity has to be liquid enough to allow investors to move in and out of their positions without facing liquidity crunches, such as not being able to find a buyer or seller.
0.963826	After the poorly-received previous record It's a Man's World, Warner Bros. talked Cher into recording a dance album. Cher began working on Believe in summer 1998 in London, meeting with producers Mark Taylor and Brian Rawling, who had previously worked with Rob Dickins; Additional producers included Todd Terry ("Taxi Taxi") and Junior Vasquez (who had to originally worked on "Dov'è L'Amore" but when he sent back his version from New York, it was rejected by Dickens, who decided instead to give the production of the track to Taylor and Rawling as well); Vasquez's version can be heard in a remix form in the 1999 The Greatest Hits compilation. Cher worked also with long-time collaborator Diane Warren (who wrote "Takin' Back My Heart") and covered two songs: "The Power" and "Love Is the Groove". Furthermore she decided to introduce a remix form of her 1988 single "We All Sleep Alone" from her 1987 Cher album. The "Believe" single was originally written only by Brian Higgins, Matt Gray, Stuart McLennen and Tim Powell and circulated at Warner Bros. as an unwanted demo for months. Mark Taylor said, "Everyone loved the chorus but not the rest of the song; As we were already writing other songs for Cher, Rob asked us if we could sort it out. Two of our writers, Steve Torch and Paul Barry, got involved and eventually came up with a complete song that Rob and Cher were happy with." During early sessions Cher recorded a cover version of "Love Is in the Air" that she previously performed a cappella on the talk show The Magic Hour in 1997. The song was mixed and produced by Junior Vasquez but it did not appear in the final cut of the album. Now it is only available on file sharing networks. The album featured a new musical direction for Cher, with use of vocoder and auto-tune, most notably in the title track. The album was influenced by Sonny Bono's death in a skiing accident earlier that year. Believe is dedicated to him. The album featured a new musical direction for Cher, with use of vocoder and auto-tune, most notably in the title track. The album was influenced by Sonny Bono's death in a skiing accident earlier that year. Believe is dedicated to him. Upon release, the album received mixed responses from international music critics. Allmusic's Michael Gallucci called Believe Cher's "latest playground move" and described Cher "merely moves through the beat factory with one drab vocal range into one endless, and personality-free, thump session" and "determinedly, if not wholeheartedly, clinging to the tail end of it". In his review he gave the album two and a half out of five stars. The major criticism was the strong use of vocoder which changed Cher's voice. In 1999, the album received two Grammy Awards nominations for "Record of the Year", "Best Pop Album", as well as winning the Grammy Award for "Best Dance Recording". Throughout 1999 and 2000 Cher was nominated for, and won, many other awards for the album, including a Billboard Music Award for "Female Vocalist of the Year".
0.981971	I thought nothing could escape a black hole, so how does it evaporate to nothing? This was the surprising discovery made by Stephen Hawking. Nothing can escape a Black Hole, only if General Relativity is completely correct. It turns out that GR is not completely correct, just mostly correct. If we include quantum mechanical effects, we find that some things can escape.
0.99915	Summary: The book We Shall Overcome: The Story of a Song is about a song that represents the Civil Rights Movement and the fight for freedom, liberty and justice. This song represents individuals who fought their whole life for equality and freedom, this is their song, their story. Element 2: We Shall Overcome: The Story of a Song represents Element 2: Respect for Others because it showcases slavery, segregation and the Civil Rights Act. They show the fight for equality and why everyone should be treated the same, despite their skin color. Even though each person has a different skin color, they are still human beings. Everyone deserves the same respect, even though they may have a different skin color than their neighbor. This book talks about fighting for the right to be treated equally and even though they are not getting the respect they deserve, they know that one day they will too get that respect they seek. Activity: I would use this book by reading it to my class first, then completing an activity relating to skin color. After I read the book, I would bring out different colors of paint that the students could use to see what color their skin is. This will show each child that everyone is a different color and even though everyone is a different color, they should gain the same respect as everyone else in their classroom. I would also use this book to teach about racism and different obstacles that ethnicities faced. This would include slavery, the Holocaust, the Vietnam War, the Cold War, the Civil Rights Act and more. This book focuses mostly on Whites and Blacks and how there was It would show the children that everyone faces obstacles, not just the Whites and the Blacks. I want to be able to show my students the big picture.
0.973333	The following statements contrast two paradigms. Many people on planet Earth cling to the existing paradigm: A fear-based reality that has dominated this world for many thousands of years. A small percentage of Earth humans recognize the larger (Cosmic) reality of which all are a part: A love-based reality in which each individual is a great being of light having a physical experience. We are individuated souls living in physical bodies. Our lives are determined by a pre-birth contract. We Earth-humans are not the only conscious life forms on this planet, let alone on other worlds.The universe is teeming with life. There are trillions of other planets inhabited by otherworldly beings; some are remarkably like us. All of physical reality accounts for less then 1% of the totality of all there is. Some non-humans function from selfish motives. They have enslaved us for thousands of years. Most of our space brothers and sisters function from a core of love and are in service to others. Many of them are present to awaken us to who we really are, and to help us transition this planet. If we hold fear and paranoia as our primary thoughts and feelings, we will attract, non-human life forms with similar characteristics. If we hold love and acceptance, we will attract those who are love centered. This world and our traditional beliefs about who we are an illusion. Living within the illusion means that we do not notice the perfection of the universe, the diversity of life on this planet, the love behind the spinning of the atom, or the possibility of discovering who we truly are. The illusion was created to make us compliant. Those who would control us do it through the illusion that we are free, that we are being told the truth, that they are acting in our best interests, and that we are inferior beings. We are here at this time and place by our own choice. We are here to experience, good and bad. We have the ability to choose how we behave. Therefore, we choose the future of humanity. This planet will soon evolve to a place of higher vibration. We are invited to come along to the 4th Dimension, and then to the 5th Dimension. Some of us will become caretakers of the new Earth. In the process we will become cosmic citizens, individuals who rely on communications with our souls. We will enjoy peace, truth, love and joy. Being a victim is an illusion. We are totally responsible for our actions. By taking responsibility, we can create any experience we choose. By joining with others of a similar mind, we can change the world. Due to our misuse of technology and our addiction to violence, this planet was on a path of self-destruction. Now that the stickiness of the 3rd Dimension is evaporating, Earth will become a pristine, brilliant planet, a playground for higher conscious beings. Only our limited thinking stops us from becoming and doing all that we imagine is possible. Once we understand who we are, we will realize that we are unlimited. There is a spectrum of reality that ranges from humans and other mortal life forms to the Divine. Somewhere between these extremes is a vast hierarchy of non-human conscious life forms. There are beings inhabiting this plant and trillions of others. There are even more spiritual beings than physical. We Earth-humans are the recipients of a continuous stream of energies from extraterrestrials, celestials, and Archangels. We also benefit from starseeds and walk-ins who have come to lend their higher consciousness to our positive evolution. Our planet continuously receives energy adjustments from the center of the galaxy via the sun. We Earth-humans are blinded by a psychological construct that dictates our beliefs and behaviors. It keeps us “safe” in a protective “box,” free from harm, free from understanding reality. We must set aside this illusion to act in accordance with the larger truth, with who we really are. Everything I have has been freely given to me. I see things as tools to be used for my growth, and the growth of others. I have a duty to be a caretaker of my world. The truth about extraterrestrial visitors to our planet has been systematically hidden from the public. The truth has been the subject of both ridicule and misinformation. The national media has routinely reported a contorted picture of extraterrestrial visitation. All people of this planet are being asked to awaken. This means moving to a higher state of consciousness. Our planet will enter into an enlightened state when ordinary people awaken and take charge, to emerge in a new paradigm of peace, kindness, caring for each other, abundant living, and understanding who they really are. The time of the great transformation is now.
0.771107	The Iraqi Security Forces have grown as a professional military force, increasing their capacity to conduct large-scale, intelligence-driven operations, and providing security to the Iraqi people. It's been our honor to contribute to this effort. In May, Iraq's first national election since the rise of ISIS was held peacefully, despite repeated warnings from ISIS of their intent to use violence to discourage Iraqis from voting. This was thanks to the extensive training and preparations made by the Iraqi Security Forces across the country that ensured all Iraqis were able to exercise their right to vote free from fear of harm. The 3rd Cavalry Regiment joined this fight in May and in June, one of the regiment's artillery units joined two Iraqi artillery units at Firebase Um Jorais (Oom Joh Ross), working side-by-side to provide cross-border fires in support of the clearance operations in Dashisha. In September, the Iraqi Security Forces planned and conducted Operation Hero's Resolve, a massive clearance operation coordinated across all of Iraq. They discovered and destroyed hundreds of IEDs, arrested dozens of ISIS fighters, and destroyed hideouts and tunnels where ISIS fighters plotted attacks against local community leaders. We're focusing our efforts on dismantling the enemy's command nodes and their financial network that funds terrorist attacks and propaganda. The Iraqi Security Forces are in the lead as they conduct terrain-focused clearance missions to disrupt ISIS and prevent its resurgence. COL. BYROM: In terms of that assessment, ISIS -- it -- it consists of many different types of individuals: foreign fighters, locals. And so, it -- what binds ISIS together is their ideology. So that, I think, is the key aspect to understand about ISIS. Q: Thank you, sir. I think there's a disagreement between you and the governor. And I will send you his interview. But then I have another question. You mentioned -- in your review of the past year that has occurred since the Iraqi announcement of the defeat of ISIS, you mentioned developments along the Kurdish coordination line. Could you provide more detail about those developments? COL. BYROM: Yes. There's been numerous developments. First, the Kurdish and Iraqi Security Forces have conducted combined operations together against ISIS, where they hunted down ISIS in -- in mountain hideaways and caves, and worked together to capture and kill ISIS. So there have been numerous combined operations between the two of them. They also have been working together to open checkpoints between the two areas that have been closed for quite -- quite a while. And they have successfully started opening those areas, by working together to ensure that there's security on both sides of that line. Their number-one concern has been ISIS moving back and forth easily between or over the Kurdish coordination line. Q: You're saying that coordination is essential for the defeat of ISIS? COL. BYROM: I do think it's essential that the two sides coordinate and work together to defeat ISIS, especially ISIS that is in the vicinity of that Kurdish coordination line. You mentioned about the -- the cooperation and the -- the efforts across the border into Syria. Are there Shia militia along the Syria-Iraqi border? And are they contributing to the counter-ISIS operations along the Syrian-Iraqi border? COL. BYROM: There are -- popular mobilization forces is the name that we use for them. And there are those forces along the border that are helping to protect the border with Syria against ISIS moving through that area. Q: Okay. As -- as we know, the -- the Iranian-backed militia forces in Syria are trying to undermine the U.S.-led efforts in Syria. And then one of the goals of the United States presence in Syria is to degrade the Iranian-backed militia's presence or influence in Syria. And those two, the Shia militias, the PMF and those Iranian-backed militias, are both aligned with Iran. COL. BYROM: Well, in Iraq, the -- the popular mobilization forces, they fall underneath the Iraqi Security Forces. It's -- it is written in the constitution, it's law. So they do take orders from the Iraqi Security Forces, and are working with the Iraqi Security Forces in the defeat of ISIS. Q: Colonel, the battle for Hajin in eastern Syria has taken close to a year longer than the battle of Mosul. Can you explain why it's taking so long? COL. BYROM: For that question, my area of operations is in Iraq, so I will defer that question to the CJTF and they'd be glad to help answer that question for you. Q: How about just -- can I get a follow-up? Can you explain the challenges of ultimately defeating ISIS in Iraq? What's it going to take? It just seems like these pockets won't go away. COL. BYROM: For the enduring defeat of ISIS, it's going to take the Iraqi Security Forces doing exactly what they are doing, which is they are conducting clearance operations continuously throughout Iraq. And then how we fit into that is we're advising, assisting and enabling them and providing them intelligence, joint fires, aerial surveillance and training. 75 attacks is a lot of attacks. 1,500 civilians killed in those attacks. So if the Iraqi Security Forces keep doing what they're doing, there's still going to be a lot of -- hundreds of civilians killed. COL. BYROM: So, the Iraqi Security Forces are continuously conducting these operations. What we're doing to coach them and to help them with this is what I said before, with the intelligence, the joint fires, we provide them aerial surveillance and training, and then also some equipment. And they -- they are having very good success. With these 75 attacks that you just discussed, there are many different attacks going on but they are very -- they are not having a significant impact on the security situation. And most importantly, the Iraqis are continuously and -- responding to those attacks and then conducting these clearance missions. And -- and ISIS itself really right now is -- is in austere conditions. They've been forced into these conditions by these Iraqi operations that are going on. So they're spending most of their time in -- in caves, underground, in -- in tunnels, in austere, tough desert terrain. And then the Iraqi Security Forces are continuing to move into those areas and hunt them down. And -- and your classification of the overall security situation in Iraq, how would you classify it? But do realize ISIS would love to have a resurgence and the Iraqis continue to prevent that. And they're doing so effectively right now. It's a good partnership that we have with them that is preventing this by ISIS. First, on the popular mobilization forces, understanding the coalition has no ties to these -- these paramilitaries whatsoever, are you -- have you tracked or are you picking up any uptick in Iranian, sort of, training, supplying or anything to these militias, as far as the way the ISF works with them? COL. BYROM: Yeah, I don't have any information that leads me to that assessment. Q: And following up on the -- the statistic about 75 attacks per month on average, how would you assess the Iraqi Security Forces are dealing with the Islamic State, now that they've, sort of, transitioned to a more, sort of, insurgent role rather than, kind of, a -- a more conventional type fighting force? Because you mentioned that they are hiding in -- in caves and -- and this sort of thing, but it all seems like the tactics that you are employing are really more focused on a conventional fight. Can you kind of square that for me? COL. BYROM: They -- they are basically using two methods in this fight. They are using these large clearance operations, where they're hunting ISIS in the various locations where they think they are based on intelligence. And they're doing this -- these operations to disrupt ISIS. And then they also have forces that are hunting the leadership of ISIS and then trying to take out the various capabilities of ISIS, whether it be, you know, their -- their media capabilities, their propaganda capabilities, their financial capabilities, which will take away -- you know, lead to the long-term enduring defeat of ISIS. Just to follow up on my colleague's point about what kind of (inaudible), we've seen some inspector general reports that have put numbers out there in terms of the number of fighters in Iraq. And I know there's been some issues with how they're -- that process assessed those numbers. COL. BYROM: Yeah, I'll tell you, I don't -- I don't focus on the number. What we're really focused on is the capability and whether they -- whether they can translate this capability into destabilizing or resurging. So that is what we focus on. It goes back to -- to the -- the capabilities such as their financial capabilities, their leadership, their propaganda, their media. We continue to focus on that and target that and then to help our partners, the Iraqi Security Forces, remove those capabilities of ISIS. Q: And if I could just add, sir, you mentioned the M777s and some of the artillery fires cross-border. Are those -- do -- do you also use HIMARS on those cross-border fires? And are those fires coordinated with the SDF or just with coalition advisers in Syria? COL. BYROM: Right now, we're using primarily 777s in those missions. And what's -- what's special about that is it also includes Iraqi guns and it also includes coalition partner guns, the -- the CAESARs that are doing that. Q: Hi, sir. Good morning. Thanks for doing this. I'm Tom Squitieri with Talk Media News. In regards to the crossfire from Iraq into Syria, what's the level -- the comparative level of the crossfire support given to the current offensive in Hajin, please? Q: -- what has happened before with crossfire actions, please. COL. BYROM: I would -- we basically have had a few different scenarios of where the Iraqis were very interested in conducting cross-border fires in order to protect their border. The -- the cross-border fires that are going on right now are fairly intense; more intense than others I've seen in the past. And they -- they are directly contributing to the protection of the border by the Iraqis. COL. BYROM: That is their primary focus. Any time we fire these guns, we have to clear it through the government of Iraq. The government of Iraq is -- they're very focused on protecting their border right now. So that is the primary purpose right now. And it -- I would -- I would argue it's complementary. Regarding the soldiers in Bravo Battery Field Artillery Squadron, 3rd Calvary Regiment, since they've been at the firebase since late October, how many rounds have they fired into Syria? COL. BYROM: I don't have an exact count of those number of rounds. It has been significant. And they're absolutely achieving the disruption effect that the Iraqi government wants them to achieve. And that is complementary to the fight. Q: Can we give a range? Could we say "several thousand"? COL. BYROM: I -- I would fall back on that there's been a large number of those rounds fired. I'm not going to put a number to it in this audience right here, just due to various considerations. One thing you said that the PMF are -- you're seeing are not taking -- sorry, are taking orders from the Iraqi Security Forces. So I'm just curious about the difference between those two assessments. Has something changed in your eyes, in GOI's ability to take command of those forces? COL. BYROM: The PMF is a broad umbrella. There's numerous entities that fall underneath that. So I -- I definitely am not going to counter one of my senior officers on something they said on that. I do know that the -- the popular mobilization forces as a whole take their orders from the government of Iraq and the Iraqi Security Forces. Q: And then just another question with regards to General McKenzie's testimony. He said that Iraq's border guards have been decimated by the ISIS fight, and would take two years to achieve capability again on the border. So I'm curious if you agree with that assessment. And if the U.S. forces in Iraq have any plan to stopgap that border in the interim. COL. BYROM: Our method of -- of dealing with the border guard forces is, we have a very robust training plan for them. And their -- they -- they're rotating their forces through that -- that training program. And -- and they're actually doing a -- a fairly decent job. Is this -- is the border porous? Most likely so. We don't -- I don't -- I'm not going to get into the -- the policy decision of, do -- are we stop-gapping the border guard force. A great example, within recent times ISIS was pushing some -- some of its fighters across that border. The border guard force identified them. And then, working with coalition forces, hunted them down and killed them. So they have shown that they are capable in this fight against ISIS. And -- and there's other examples of that. But it is a -- when we talk Iraqi Security Forces, there's border guard forces on the border, and there's also regular Iraqi army units. And so they're all working together. It is a very high priority for the Iraqi Security Forces to defend this border. Do you have any more details you could share with us in regards to the Iraqi Ministry of Defense's statement, like a while ago, an hour ago, saying that Iraqi fighter jets have targeted ISIS positions on the Syrian-Iraqi border? They're mainly exactly on -- in the Susah area. The statement says that are 30 members of ISIS were killed. If you have any details about these -- these operations that the Iraqi air force has conducted today? COL. BYROM: Yes. The -- the Iraqi air force did conduct a strike today, and effectively did so. This was their own target. Now their -- their methodology is, is they'll usually, you know, make sure and deconflict any of those targets with coalition forces. But they did strike a target today. I can't speak on behalf of any of the -- of the BEA of that or -- or what they hit. But they were effective in that strike. STAFF: Anything from anybody who hasn't -- Luis? Overall, how would you categorize the level of the fight against ISIS nationwide inside Iraq territorially? Where is ISIS the strongest, and where do you think they're the weakest right now? COL. BYROM: Well, I would say that -- that ISIS is strongest in those very austere locations where they're trying to hide right now and rebuild, you know, their capabilities. And then they're weakest, most likely where there's Iraqi Security Forces regularly stationed. So therefore, what the Iraqi Security Forces are doing to -- to combat that is they plan and -- and it's important to understand, they plan missions themselves. We coach and mentor, but a lot of the times, they come to us with these -- these planned clearance missions that they're going to do. And they then use their own intelligence, augmented by ours, and they move to these locations and attempt to hunt down ISIS where those -- where they're strongest, which is in the desert areas, especially where the terrain is the worst and it's hard to get to; in the mountainous areas; in the areas where there's deep wadis (valleys). And that's where they focus their energy and -- and then we help them in that process through the -- through the enabling effects that we discussed -- intelligence, we help them with aerial surveillance, and then joint fires. How -- how have you adjusted forces to the diminished level of contact? And do you foresee remaining at the 5,000 -- the -- at the around 5,000 level just to maintain that enduring capacity for the Iraqi forces? COL. BYROM: Yeah, so the -- the framework we use -- and it -- it all stems back to this Joint Operations Command-Iraq. A good way to think about it is that is equivalent to a combatant command as we would know it, but it's for Iraq. And that is arranged -- in the various provinces they have operational commands, and those -- each of those Iraqi operational commands is -- it -- it includes command over all the various Iraqi Security Forces that are in that area, whether it be -- whether it be the army, the Federal Police, the various militia groups, they all funnel -- fall under those operational commands. So we're focusing our energy on having relationships in those operational commands with those key leaders, and working to support them as best we can. So in terms of numbers, it's a -- it's a steady number. I'm not -- we -- we're doing okay with -- with -- with the numbers that we have right now, and I'll leave that up to the -- the policymakers to tell us, you know, what we do with that. But it's important to understand that we're here at the -- at the invitation of the Iraqis. And any of those numbers, that goes -- that goes back to the policymakers of the various nations in the coalition. But I -- I would -- it's an effective method right now that is going. A while ago, I asked about an insurgent group called either the White Flags or the White Banners in some of the areas that you had mentioned. Can you talk about -- are you -- are you and the Iraqis seeing this group expanding? Are they being taken apart? What is the current situation? COL. BYROM: I'm not seeing -- really, I'm not seeing information on this group, and I haven't seen information on this group for months. So no, we're -- we're really not -- that is something that I -- I am not following. COL. BYROM: I'm sorry. I missed that question. So there is a fight that is going on in Iraq, but it doesn't involve a -- a physical caliphate. It doesn't involve holding terrain. It's -- it -- the -- ISIS is using insurgent activities, and the Iraqi Security Forces are actively and aggressively hunting them down. And of note, yesterday the -- the Iraqis, they celebrated throughout Iraq Victory Day, which was a -- the year after they were -- they celebrated the defeat of the physical caliphate of ISIS within Iraq. So I -- I think it's important for everybody to understand that ISIS lost thousands of individuals, KIA, wounded in action, and I just want to make sure that we remember and -- and honor the fallen from -- from them, and realized that they are very, very focused on preventing ISIS from resurging. And it's been an honor for the 3rd Cavalry Regiment -- the families, the troopers of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment can be very proud of how their troopers have performed in this fight. And I'm very proud of them. They're very well-represented, the -- the 172 years of troopers that have gone before them.
0.913355	To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what his policy is on the recording in statistics on absenteeism those children who are receiving treatment, in hospital or at home, for illness or injury; and if he will make a statement. Where a child is absent from school due to illness or injury then their absence will be recorded in the school register as an authorised absence. It is good practice for schools to monitor and escalate any concerns about high levels of absence due to illness or injury. Children with long term illnesses and other medical conditions may need additional support to continue their education, such as home tuition provided by the local authority or attendance at hospital schools. This should be tailored to suit the child's individual needs. Where such an education is provided schools can record those sessions as an approved educational activity and not as an absence.
0.998717	Enumeration for the different kinds of ghost looks. DARK - dark background and light foreground. LIGHT - light background and dark foreground.
0.999898	Gamification is the concept of incorporating game-based techniques to drive engagement in non-gaming activities. Many businesses are using gamification to train employees and it is now considered an integral part of the eLearning industry and the internet in general. Gamification is not only being implemented in eLearning courses designed for the public, but big brands are also utilizing it for corporate training due to its many advantages, such as skill development, changing behaviors, an increase in innovation, and employee satisfaction. Gamification is based on the idea that human beings are competitive and enjoy games. Competing in games is common not only in childhood but also during adulthood. The popularity of sports supports this point. Companies are able to transfer this preference for competition into their training and effectively engage their employees in the process. For your gamification project to be a success, your organization must align the goals of the players with that of the business. However, you can’t just add points, leader boards, and badges onto any training and expect to see positive results. Before you initiate the process, the organization must understand who their learners are and what will keep them motivated. It is up to the company to design an experience that will put their employees on the path to achieving success. To avoid any problems in the future, it is best to test out your gamification ideas on a small focus group of your learners. This way, you will be able to see how effective the results are, and then be able to make changes accordingly before you release it to the entire organization. This will ensure you can use gamification in the best possible way. One of the simplest yet most effective ways to incorporate gamification is by offering simple rewards. Offering rewards to the top players will stir up some healthy competition. You don’t have to give out an extravagant prize. This is a simple technique and best of all, your organization will not have to put in much effort. Come up with a strategy to identify who performs the best during training sessions. Another great way to incorporate gamification in training is by keeping track of each player’s performance. While each participant will be motivated to earn the prize at the end of it all, tracking performance helps make the gaming element more effective in the long run. You can fix milestones and track how many people are able to achieve them within a certain amount of time. Handing work on time, completing the required reading, and achieving a certain grade can all be performance indicators that will help you decide who deserves the prize at the end of the training. If you are trying to implement gamified training in eLearning, you can use this method to get people to perform a variety of activities. This includes watching videos in their spare time, taking quizzes, and so on. Consider setting up a chart tracking system that will allow players to track each other’s performance. Setting up a scoreboard may encourage your team to perform better in the training sessions and bring out their best. One of the most effective ways to tackle training objectives using gamification is to set up a point system. Using a point system make things more competitive. It is up to the organization to allot points to different activities. A point system will also make it easier for the organization to identify top performers. With a little time and effort, gamification is an excellent way to train your employees and expand their knowledge and skills. It can be used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the employees, allowing the management to utilize the skills of their employees more effectively. Gamified training is a brilliant way to train employees and students. Keep the guidelines mentioned above in mind if you want to implement gamification effectively in your organization. Contact Designing Digitally today to get started on a gamified training program for your business! For security reasons, please answer this math question in the box below: 6 + 9 = ?
0.996699	CARE's Safe Water for a Healthy Life project is working to increase access to safe water as well as to improve hygiene in poor areas of Yemen. Over the last year, the Safe Water for a Healthy Life project has worked in Al-Mahweet to address the lack of clean drinking water. The goal of this phase of the project was to improve access to clean water, the cleanliness of private and communal water points, household sanitation and hygiene practices and the overall health of the community, with an emphasis on children. This report for the Blue Planet Run Foundation, which supported the project with a generous contribution of $10,000, describes activities over the past year. Mawheet and to ensure that infrastructure is maintained by residents in a sustainable manner. maintain and operate water filters. In response to this challenge, CARE launched a broad effort across three of the Yemen’s 21 governorates to improve: access to clean water; the sanitation of private and communal water points; sanitation and hygiene practices; and the overall health of the community, with an emphasis on children. The Blue Planet Run Foundation’s most recent contribution of $10,000 is supporting CARE’s Safe Water for a Healthy Life project in one community in the western governorate of Al-Mahweet. This interim report for the Blue Planet Run Foundation describes project accomplishments over the past six months. • Training community members to manage and maintain the water systems in the long-term. ? Output 1: Establishment of household distribution networks. CARE has successfully established a water distribution network connecting 42 households in the community and benefiting 482 people. The network has been implemented and financed with support from community members. ? Output 2: Rehabilitation of water supply systems. By the end of May 2008, CARE had rehabilitated the community water supply system, including a well, pump and generator. The system pumps water from the source to the water tanks that supply households. The original well was 20 meters deep, and CARE extended it down three meters further in order to guarantee enough water for 24-hour access. The generator for the water pump was replaced with a new one with the capacity to pump the water more than 150 meters above the pump itself. ? Output 3: Awareness campaign on safe water handling, public cleaning, and water hygiene. The education campaign has not yet started, but will begin shortly (see the table below for a schedule of activities over the next six months). ? Output 4: Capacity building training for the water management committee. During the reporting period, one training event has been given to community members by the project engineer about water supply system maintenance. This will be complemented by additional trainings in the coming months. CARE has successfully established a water distribution network connecting 42 households in the community and benefiting 482 people. The network has been implemented and financed with support from community members.By the end of May 2008, CARE had rehabilitated the community water supply system, including a well, pump and generator. The system pumps water from the source to the water tanks that supply households. The original well was 20 meters deep, and CARE extended it down three meters further in order to guarantee enough water for 24-hour access. The generator for the water pump was replaced with a new one with the capacity to pump the water more than 150 meters above the pump itself. distributed and recipients were trained on how to use and maintain them. The community formed a committee for follow-up activities and set a schedule for a two-day clean-up each month. A common fine was agreed upon as a penalty for anyone who did not act in accordance with the new environmental practices.
0.964765	Data transmission, digital transmission, or digital communication Networks is the electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally (as for storage and processing by computers) over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication Networks channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication Networks channels, and storage media. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radio wave, microwave, or infrared signal. Analog transmission: analog format is that in which information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal, such as amplifying a signal's strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data. For example, telephones take sound vibrations and turn them into electrical vibrations of the same shape before they are transmitted over traditional telephone lines. Radio wave transmissions work in the same way. Computers, which handle data in digital form, require modems to turn signals from digital to analog before transmitting those signals over communication lines such as telephone lines that carry only analog signals. The signals are turned back into digital form (demodulated) at the receiving end so that the computer can process the data in its digital format. Serial Transmission - In telecommunications, serial transmission is the sequential transmission of signal elements of a group representing a character or other entity of data. Digital serial transmissions are bits sent over a single wire, frequency or optical path sequentially. Because it requires less signal processing and less chances for error than parallel transmission, the transfer rate of each individual path may be faster. This can be used over longer distances as a check digit or parity bit can be sent along it easily. Parallel Transmission - In telecommunications, parallel transmission is the simultaneous transmission of the signal elements of a character or other entity of data. In digital communications, parallel transmission is the simultaneous transmission of related signal elements over two or more separate paths. Multiple electrical wires are used which can transmit multiple bits simultaneously, which allows for higher data transfer rates than can be achieved with serial transmission. This method is used internally within the computer, for example the internal buses, and sometimes externally for such things as printers, The major issue with this is "skewing" because the wires in parallel data transmission have slightly different properties (not intentionally) so some bits may arrive before others, which may corrupt the message. A parity bit can help to reduce this. However, electrical wire parallel data transmission is therefore less reliable for long distances because corrupt transmissions are far more likely. Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits. For example, "0100 0001" would become "1 0100 0001 0". The extra one (or zero, depending on parity bit) at the start and end of the transmission tells the receiver first that a character is coming and secondly that the character has ended. This method of transmission is used when data are sent intermittently as opposed to in a solid stream. In the previous example the start and stop bits are in bold. The start and stop bits must be of opposite polarity. This allows the receiver to recognize when the second packet of information is being sent. Synchronous transmission uses no start and stop bits, but instead synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end of the transmission using clock signal(s) built into each component. A continual stream of data is then sent between the two nodes.
0.945966	Although India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947, it did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead, its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935, and the country was a Dominion, withGeorge VI as head of state and Earl Mountbatten as Governor General. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar as chairman. While India'sIndependence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later, the Constitution of India became the law of all the Indian lands. The Constitution of India was passed on 26 November 1949, 10.18 AM IST, but it came into effect completely only on 26 January 1950. Following elections on 21 January 1950, Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president of India. The Indian National Congress and other parties had been celebrating 26 January as a symbol of Independence, even before India actually became independent. Thus, applying the constitution on 26 January, to mark and respect 26 January and the freedom struggle and the freedom fighters. The amending mechanism was lauded even at the time of introduction by Ambedkar in the following words: "We can therefore safely say that the Indian federation will not suffer from the faults of rigidity or legalism. Its distinguished feature is that it is a flexible federation. "The three mechanisms of the system derived by the Assembly, contrary to the predictions, have made the constitution flexible at the same time protected the rights of the states. They have worked better than the amending process in any other country where Federalism and the British Parliamentary system jointly formed the basis of the constitution." What Sir Anthony Eden, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (April 1955 to January 1957), said at the time of the emergence of Indian Republic is relevant in this context. He said, "Of all the experiments in government, which have been attempted since the beginning of time, I believe that the Indian venture into parliamentary government is the most exciting. A vast subcontinent is attempting to apply to its tens and thousands of millions a system of free democracy... It is a brave thing to try to do so. The Indian venture is not a pale imitation of our practice at home, but a magnified and multiplied reproduction on a scale we have never dreamt of. If it succeeds, its influence on Asia is incalculable for good. Whatever the outcome we must honour those who attempt it." Even more meaningful was the opinion expressed by an American Constitutional authority, Granville Austin, who wrote that what the Indian Constituent Assembly began was "perhaps the greatest political venture since that originated in Philadelphia in 1787." Austin has also described the Indian Constitution as 'first and foremost a social document.' ... "The majority of India's constitutional provisions are either directly arrived at furthering the aim of social revolution or attempt to foster this revolution by establishing conditions necessary for its achievement." To mark the importance of the occasion, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, New Delhi, from the Raisina Hill near the Rashtrapati Bhavan(President's Palace), along the Rajpath, past India Gate . Prior to its commencement, the Prime Minister lays a floral wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, a memorial to unknown soldiers at the India Gate at one end of Rajpath, which is followed by two minutes silence in the memory of unknown soldiers. Thereafter he/she reaches the main dais at Rajpath to join other dignitaries, subsequently the President arrives along with the chief guest of the occasion. First he unfurls the National flag, as the National Anthem is played, and a 21-gun salute is given. Next, important awards like the Ashok Chakra and Kirti Chakra are given away by the President, before the regiments of Armed Forces start their march past. The different regiments of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is theCommander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Floats exhibiting the cultures of the various states and regions of India are in the grand parade, which is broadcast nationwide on television and radio. Also part of the parade are children who win the National Bravery Award for the year. The parade also includes other vibrant displays and floats and traditionally ends with a flypast by the Indian Air Force jets. Celebrations are also held in state capitals, where the Governor of the state unfurls the national flag. If the Governor of the state is unwell, or is unavailable for some reason, the Chief Minister of the state assumes the honour of unfurling the National Flag of India. Today, the Republic Day is celebrated with much enthusiasm all over the country and especially in the capital, New Delhi where the celebrations start with the Presidential address to the nation. The beginning of the occasion is always a solemn reminder of the sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the country in the freedom movement and the succeeding wars for the defence of sovereignty of their country. Then, the President comes forward to award the medals of bravery to the people from the armed forces for their exceptional courage in the field and also the civilians, who have distinguished themselves by their different acts of valour in different situations. To mark the importance of this occasion, every year a grand parade is held in the capital, from the Rajghat, along the Vijaypath. The different regiments of the army, the Navy and the Air force march past in all their finery and official decorations even the horses of the cavalry are attractively caparisoned to suit the occasion. The crème of N. C. C. cadets, selected from all over the country consider it an honour to participate in this event, as do the school children from various schools in the capital. They spend many days preparing for the event and no expense is spared to see that every detail is taken care of, from their practice for the drills, the essential props and their uniforms. The parade is followed by a pageant of spectacular displays from the different states of the country. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display. Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion. The parade and the ensuing pageantry is telecast by the National Television and is watched by millions of viewers in every corner of the country. The patriotic fervor of the people on this day brings the whole country together even in her essential diversity. Every part of the country is represented in occasion, which makes the Republic Day the most popular of all the national holidays of India.
0.939458	The American League East is one of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s six divisions (An East, Central, and West division for each of the two leagues). This division was created before the start of the 1969 season along with the American League West division. Before that time the American League (AL) had existed as a single league of 10 teams. Four of its five teams are located in the Eastern United States, with the other in Central Canada. At the end of the MLB season, the team with the best record in the division earns one of the American League's five playoff spots. The most recent team to win this division was the Boston Red Sox in 2016. Writers have posited that the American League East is the toughest division in MLB; during its 46-year existence, an East division team has gone on to play in the World Series 25 times, and 14 of those teams have been crowned World Series champions. Since the 1995 season when the wild-card playoff berth was introduced, the AL East has produced the wild-card team for the American League in 13 out of the 17 years (the West division three, and the Central division just one). When the Major Leagues split into divisions for the 1969 season, the American League, unlike the National League, split its 12 teams strictly on geography. The six teams located in the Eastern Time Zone were placed in the East division, and the other six were placed in the West division. In September 1971, American League owners approved the move of the second Washington Senators franchise to Arlington, Texas to become the Texas Rangers. The owners then debated whether the Chicago White Sox or Milwaukee Brewers should move to the East division for 1972, with the Rangers moving to the West. The White Sox requested they be moved to the East, stating they were an original American League franchise and wanted to play more games against other old-line A.L. teams, five of which were in the East. The Oakland Athletics objected to moving the White Sox to the East; owner Charlie Finley was a Chicago native who wanted to continue to make three trips per season with his club to the Windy City. The Minnesota Twins went a step farther and objected to switching either the White Sox or Brewers. The Twins wanted to keep nearby Chicago and Milwaukee as division rivals, citing the National League's lack of geographic accuracy in forming its divisions as a reason why the Rangers should not have been shifted out of the East. The Twins also noted the National Football League's Dallas Cowboys played in the NFC East. The White Sox' pleas fell on deaf ears, and the Brewers, who began life as the Seattle Pilots in 1969, were moved to the East. Cleveland Indians – Founding member; moved in 1994 to the AL Central. B Washington franchise moved to Dallas/Ft. Worth, became Texas Rangers and moved into AL West. Either Milwaukee or the Chicago White Sox would have had to move to the East, eventually it was decided that Milwaukee make the switch. Total teams remains at six. D Due to 1994 realignment, Cleveland and Milwaukee were moved to newly created AL Central. Division reduced to five teams. E Tampa Bay added in 1998 expansion along with the Detroit Tigers moving to AL Central. Total teams remains at five. F Tampa Bay Devil Rays become Tampa Bay Rays. ‡ – In 1978, the New York Yankees ended up in a tie with the Boston Red Sox for the division championship, and won a 1-game playoff against Boston. * – Due to the players' strike, the season was split. New York won the first half and defeated second-half champion Milwaukee (62–45) in the postseason. § – Due to the 1994 baseball strike starting August 12, no official winner was awarded. New York was leading at the strike. †† – The Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees finished the 2005 season tied for first place with identical records. New York won the season series against Boston and was awarded the tie-breaker; Boston was awarded the wild card berth. Had a team from another division won the wild card, a one-game playoff would have decided the division champion. The Cleveland Indians were the only team to not win the AL East before the 1994 division realignment. Since the advent of the Wild Card, AL East teams have faced each other in the ALCS 5 times and the ALDS twice. * – Starting with the 2012 season, there will be two Wild Card winners in each league. The qualifiers will play a single-game playoff to determine who will face the top-seeded team in the American League Division Series. ** In 2013, the Texas Rangers and the Tampa Bay Rays finished the season with the identical records of 91–71. A one-game playoff was held and the Rays won it 5–2 over the Rangers to capture the second Wild Card berth. ↑ Leitch, Will. "MLB Preview: American League East". Sports on Earth. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
0.993084	Is it too good to be true? Not really. There is a type of chocolate that actually provides healthy support for the cardiovascular system, which helps to promote healthy weight loss. It seems the biggest debate is dark chocolate versus milk chocolate. The result is the darker the chocolate, the better it is for your health. This is because there are more flavonoids, or antioxidants, in dark chocolate. The darker the chocolate, the healthier it is. Dark chocolate contains four times as many flavonoids than milk chocolate (3). The milk found in milk chocolate inhibits the absorption of flavonoids in the intestines. White chocolate falls in the same milk chocolate category when it comes to healthy benefits. Chocolate found in candy bars contain refined sugar, corn syrup, additives, milk products, and chemical flavorings. White chocolate doesn't contain any flavonoids (3). An encouraging 18-weeek study showed that all participants who ate dark chocolate showed visible blood pressure reduction (2)! It's believed the cocoa polyphenols in dark chocolate are responsible for increased circulation in S-nitrosogluathione, a vasodilator chemical, that is responsible in widening the blood vessels to increase blood flow. Dark chocolate is also shown to lower high blood pressure when eaten on a daily basis for 18 weeks (2). The flavonoids, or antioxidants, found in cocoa is the same flavonoids and antioxidants found in bran, green tea, fruits, and vegetables. You should think about the source of your antioxidants. True, dark chocolate may be tastier, but the other choices offer the same amount of antioxidants without extra calories. And if weight loss is your goal, you've probably made your choice. The cocoa content should be at least 70% for optimal benefits (1). The fat content shouldn't contain coconut oil, palm oil, or milk fat. You want the cocoa butter because it helps neutralize cholesterol's effect. Saturated fats raise the bad cholesterol level. Omitting saturated fats will also help your weight loss attempts. The caloric content should be a reminder that even dark chocolate should be eaten in moderation.The recommended amount of 6.3 grams is widely accepted (2). Don't forget eating too much dark chocolate could possibly lead to unwanted weight gain. Excessive chocolate can neutralize potential health benefits, too. Limiting your dark chocolate consumption will make it more of a treat throughout the week. While dark chocolate may or may not actually promote weight gain, it's still better than milk chocolate or white chocolate. As with anything, moderation is always the key. Enjoy your dark chocolate treats and eat the foods that are going to promote weight loss faster for you. Dark chocolate in moderation and weight loss. It doesn't get much better than this.
0.957284	What is risk? an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a Project’s objectives. Project risk management? includes the processes concerned with conducting risk, management planning, identification, analysis, responses plan, and monitoring. Plan risk management (P): Defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project. Output: risk management plan. Analytical techniques (TT): are used to understand and define the overall risk management context of the Project. Methodology: describes the tools, methods, and source of information which will used to perform risk management. Roles and responsibilities: who performs which tasks during all risk management activities. Budgeting: the anticipated cost for the risk management activities and the associated risk response plans, including contingency reserves. Timing: how often risk management activities will be performed and when within the Project schedule they will take place. External, Internal, Technical, Unforeseeable (small portion of risks ~10%). Customer, Project management, customer’s customers, suppliers, resistance to change, lack of knowledge of Project management, cultural differences. Schedule, cost, quality, scope, resources, customer satisfaction, stakeholder satisfaction. Identify risks (P): Determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics. Output: Risk register. Document reviews (TT): Structure review of Project documentation. Look at plans, requirements, docs… form organizational process assets, and any other relevant docs that Project team can find to squeeze every possible risk out of them. Checklist analysis (TT): Creating lists of risks that previously occurred in similar projects provides a useful template for understanding risks in a current Project. Assumption analysis (TT): Analyze assumption to ensure they are valid. Identify risks to the Project caused by incompleteness or inaccuracy of assumptions. Cause and effect diagram: help Project team find the root cause of risk. System or process flowcharts: used to see how parts of your system interact – any place where they get complex or uncertain is a good source of risks. Influence diagrams:these are graphical representations of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes. Swot analysis (TT): helps examine the Project’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Expert judgment (TT): bring people who have specialized knowledge or training to the identify risk process. As potential responses arise, capture them and if applicable, use as inputs to the plan risk response. Perform qualitative risk analysis (P): Prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. Output: Project doc updates. Risk probability & impact assessment investigates the potential effect on a Project objective such as schedule, cost, quality or performance, including both negative effects for threats and positive for opportunities. Probability and impact are assessed for each identified risk by in interviews, meetings with participants selected for their familiarity with the risk categories. Risk probabilities & impact are rated according to the definitions given in the risk management plan. Risk with low ratings of probability & impact will be included within the risk register as part of the Watch list (non-critical) for future monitoring. Risk score (RS) = Probability (P) * Impact (I). The entire list of risks can be prioritized, or sorted, based on the risk score. Select a set of terms for impact (includes Threat & Opportunities) and assign values to terms indicating relative position. Information about the risk’s behavior, including the probability and impact, is well established and reliable. Information about the risk parameters is good enough to proceed in most cases. Information available concerning the risk is essentially founded on guesswork and should not be trusted. Grouping risks by common causes helps create effective risk response plans. Perform quantitative risk analysis (P): Numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives. Output: Project docs updates. Interviewing: draw on experience and historical data to quantify the probability and impact of risk on Project objectives. For instance, getting three-point estimate for each activity cost or duration. A Tornado diagram helps identify specific areas where effort should be spent to reduce uncertainty of each Project element that effects the Project objective or to improve performance. EMV is a technique for assigning a specific dollar value to a set of alternative, uncertain outcomes. The EMV of all outcomes is the sum of their individual EMVs. A common use of this type of analysis is in decision tree analysis. Use model that translates the specified detailed uncertainties of the Project into their potential impact on the Project objective. Simulations are typically performed using the Monte Carlo technique. Qualitative: Subjective evaluation; Always do; Low complexity, low dollar value. Quantitative: Objective or numerical evaluation; Not required for all projects,may be skipped, move on to risk response planning; High complexity, high dollar value. Plan risk responses (P): Developing options to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives. Output: Project Management Plan updates, Project doc updates. Risk thresholds for low, moderate, and high risks. Eliminate an adverse risk by changing the Project management plan. Change the Project Management Plan to eliminate the risk or condition to Project objectives from its impact. Change the technical activity or underlying design. Use familiar methods and resources. Shift the consequences and responsibilities of risk to a third party; this does not eliminate risk and involves paying a fee. Reduce the probability and / or impact to acceptable levels, this may include a contingency plan. Active acceptance: establish contingency reserves (amounts of time, money, or resources to deal with known or even unknown threats and opportunities). Partnering with another organization known to provide the opportunity. The team knows the opportunity exist and is aware of the positive impact to the Project, but is not actively pursuing it. May create a contingency plan (active acceptance) to implement after the opportunity occurs (active acceptance). Define and track risk triggers. Trigger is a specific indicator what will give either advance warning that a risk is about to occur or warning that a risk has already occurred. Develop a fallback plan if the risk has high impact or if the selected strategy is no fully effective. Residual risks: that remains after planned responses have been taken. As well as those that have been deliberately accepted. Secondary risks: that arise as a direct outcome of implementing a risk response. Contingency plans: planned actions will be taken if risk occurs (vs workarounds are not planned in advance). Fallback plans: actions will be taken if a risk occurs & the contingency plan is not effective. Contingency reserve: amount of time, money.. is established for active acceptance strategies. Control risks (P): Implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process, effectiveness throughout the project. Output: WPI (Work Performance Information), change requests, Project Management Plan updates, Project docs updates, OPA (Organizational Process Assets) updates. Status of Project activities – Deliverables status / Schedule progress / Costs incurred. If Project deliverables are not being completed on time, at or below planned cost, and with no more than a tolerable level of defects, a risk trigger event may already occurred or not. ETC and EAC: forecasting data. Trends in metrics related to performance should be monitored regularly. Eg: EVM (Earned Value Management) analysis produces the Project’s estimate at completion for cost and schedule. Deviations from a planned milestones schedule may imply a risk exists. Reserve analysis (TT): Compares the remaining contingency reserves with the remaining risk impacts to determine if reserves are adequate. Project Manager, or risk owner, needs to report to the Project team and Stakeholders on the progress of each risk. New risks need to be identified and analyzed and response plan need to be prepared. WPI (Work Performance Information) (O): as a Control output, provides a mechanism to communicate and report Project decision making. Request for changes may be necessary to implement contingency plans. Workaround is a response to risk /threat that has occurred, unidentified & unplanned response, and to accepted risk that have potentially larger impacts than were considered acceptable. 90% of threats that are identified & investigated in the risk management process can be eliminated. Risk Averse: someone who does not want to take risks. Risk tolerances: are the areas of risk that are acceptable or unacceptable. Eg: a risk affects our reputation will not be tolerated. Risk thresholds: is the amount of risk that is acceptable. Eg: a risk of a 2 week delay is ok, but nothing more.
0.717152	1. What is the Global Muslim Brotherhood? Most observers are familiar with the pan-Islamic organization known as the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Founded in 1928 by Egyptian schoolteacher Hassan El-Banna, the Egyptian Brotherhood has been a wellspring of Islamism and political Islam since it inception. Its importance as a ‘springboard’ toward radicalization for individuals such as Al-Qaeda leader Ayman Al-Zawahiri and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed has been widely discussed. Far less known is the existence of a global network of individuals and organizations that developed as Muslim Brotherhood members dispersed to other countries while fleeing the periodic crackdowns on the organization in Egypt. Many of these Muslim Brothers (Ikhwan) settled in Europe and the United States where they went on to found what have become some of the most prominent Islamic organizations in their new home countries. Once established, these organizations began seeking legitimacy and have worked to influence and control the development of Islamic discourse and political activity in their respective countries. Less publicly, they are almost always associated with fundamentalism, anti-Semitism, and support for Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and even Hezbollah. While claiming to disavow Al-Qaeda linked terrorism, the Ikhwan are at best lukewarm in their condemnation of Islamist violence and commonly issue statements justifying and supporting such violence. When compared to the Egyptian organization, there has been relatively little scrutiny of the network that is referred to here as the Global Muslim Brotherhood. This network has become far more important to the Islamist movement worldwide than the Egyptian organization, which until recently had been largely confined to activities inside Egypt– where its members were under constant government surveillance and control until the fall of the Mubarak government in 2011. The Global Muslim Brotherhood has been organized in the United States since 1963, when the Muslim Student Association (MSA) was established by Brotherhood members fleeing their home countries. Key figures in the MSA, as well as others linked to the Muslim Brotherhood, went on to form numerous other organizations, many of which have been recently identified by the US government in court documents as part of the U.S Brotherhood. The Global Muslim Brotherhood has been present in Europe since 1960 when Said Ramadan, the son-in-law of Hassan Al-Banna, founded a mosque in Munich. Since that time, Brotherhood organizations have been established in almost all of the EU countries as well as many non-EU countries such as Russia and Turkey. Many of these organizations have banded together into an EU-level lobbying group known as the Federation of Islamic Organizations of Europe (FIOE), based in Brussels and which includes some 26 European Muslim Brotherhood organizations as well as being the parent body for other pan-European Brotherhood bodies such as the European Council For Fatwa and Research (ECFR). The Global Muslim Brotherhood also includes important Saudi institutions, many of which were founded by Muslim Brothers who settled in the Kingdom. These include the Muslim World League (MWL) and the World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY), both of which were created to propagate Saudi ‘Wahhabi’ Islam, a conservative version of Islam that teaches that the only true form of the religion is that which it is believed was practiced centuries ago. These US, European, and Saudi organizations, as well as Islamic organizations in other parts of the world, operate as a coherent network– sharing similar ideology, backgrounds, funding, and institutional links. They hold numerous conferences year after year, attended by the same core group of individuals. While much remains to be learned about how the Global Muslim Brotherhood is coordinated and led, US court documents released during the Holy Land Foundation terrorism financing trial indicate a degree of structure previously unknown. In addition, one individual holds a position of such esteem and influence within the Global Muslim Brotherhood that he is referred to here as the leader of the network. Sheikh Youssef Qaradawi is a highly influential theologian living in Qatar who also heads the European Council for Fatwa and Research and appears on a weekly Al Jazeera television program. Sheikh Qaradawi first rose to prominence through his participation on the editorial board of Al-Dawa magazine, an Egyptian publication that was allowed to circulate during the regime of Anwar Sadat and which was largely financed by money coming from Saudi Arabia. The Al-Dawa editorial board was composed largely of Muslim Brothers who had fallen out with the Brotherhood Supreme Guide over their willingness to cooperate with the Egyptian regime. 2. Is there any other evidence for the existence of a Global Muslim Brotherhood? This blessed movement founded by our martyr Imam- Allah have mercy on him- ensued a huge movement which is present in more than seventy countries all over the world, and is still spreading and bearing fruits. There are entities that exist in many countries all over the world. These entities have the same ideology, principle and objectives but they work in different circumstances and different contexts. So, it is reasonable to have decentralization in action so that every entity works according to its circumstances and according to the problems it is facing and in their framework. 3. How is the Global Muslim Brotherhood identified? In spite of these acknowledgments of the existence of the global Muslim Brotherhood, there does not appear to be a single organization outside of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan calling itself by that name. In a private conversation with intelligence officers from a European country, they denied the existence of the Muslim Brotherhood in their country, saying that “there are no organizations registered by that name in our country”. Therefore, it is left to the researcher/investigator taking up the question to identify Global Muslim Brotherhood organizations and leaders in any given circumstance. Useful criteria include the origins and founding of the organization and its leaders, contact and links to other organizations, ideology, and conferences sponsored and/or attended. 4. Why is there is a need for the Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch? As noted above, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood is already well known and since the events of the “Arab Spring”, the Egyptian Brotherhood and its Middle Eastern branches have become the subject of a great deal of media attention. Yet, the Global Muslim Brotherhood as such remains almost entirely unknown. Therefore, there exists a need for accurate information about its activities; hence the GMBDW provides a daily, chronological account, free from polemics and backed up with solid, generally public information and presented with historical and other explanatory context. 5. Who has editorial control of the Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch? The GMBDW is the creation of its editor who has sole editorial control of its content. 6. What is the connection between the Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch and the Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Report? 7. How can I support the work of the Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch? The most straightforward way of supporting the GMBDW is by making donations. Such donations can be made by clicking here or going to any GMBDW page (this one included) and clicking on the donation button in the right-hand column under the title “DONATION- ONE TIME.” Any amount will be gratefully accepted and all donations are securely handled by PayPal and can be made either with a PayPal account or with all major credit cards. Names of contributors will never be publicly disclosed nor shared with anybody else at any time nor for any reason. It is also possible to take out a paid “subscription” by going to any GMBDW page and clicking on the donate button under the title “DONATION- SUBSCRIBE.” Any amount and for any duration will also be gratefully accepted and these donations are handled by PayPal as well and with the same confidentiality. Subscribers will need a PayPal account which will also allow them to discontinue the subscription at any time and for any reason. You can also help by feeling free to send us any developments in the Global Muslim Brotherhood that you become aware of and that you would think fit into our outlook and courage. Most valued are local developments which we might never come across on our own. Please use the contact form for this purpose. Anything done to further inform the world of our existence would also be of great service. So, feel free to share our postings via email, Twitter, Facebook, or by any means you see fit. 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0.999978	If you are a parent and have been wondering if renting a limousine is a little too tacky for your kid, this article is perfect for you. I will help you understand the reasoning why or why you shouldn’t rent a limousine for your kid’s prom night. To answer the question directly, no. The answer is no, renting a prom limousine isn’t tacky.
0.947322	What exactly are zero copy techniques and how these techniques can be employed to achieve better performance in distributed system ? If you browse the Hadoop MapReduce and Spark JIRA tickets, you will find a number of tickets related to the use of zero copy techniques such as MMap memory mapped files and sendFile() to improve the system. Zero copy techniques are these techniques used to eliminate unnecessary data copy and context switches across application and kernel space. Please refer to the following excellent post for an in depth explanation of these techniques. A popular zero copy technique is called sendFile() or transferTo. Please see the following figure. (taken from the same paper). As you see in Hadoop, it has already reverted to use zero copy transferTo way back in version 0.18. In Spark, there is also plan to use the same technique in sending shuffle files, targeted for upcoming version 1.2.0. Spark-2468 : introduce the same transferTo technique in sending shuffle files. In the last few posts about Hadoop MapTask spill mechanism, we learn that Hadoop uses an in memory buffer during the map task intermediate output writing phase. As the memory soft limit exceeded, it starts spilling the data to disk. This results in multiple spill files that are eventually merged together at the end of the map task into a big file. During the spilling process, the data in the memory buffer are first sorted by the partitions (each partition corresponds to one Reduce task) and then by the keys. As of Spark 1.01 version, Spark Map Tasks write the output directly to disk on completion. There is no use of an in memory buffer. Each Map Task writes as many shuffle files as the number of Reduce Task. One shuffle file per Reduce Task. Eg. one could have 1000 Map Tasks (M) and 5000 Reduce Tasks (R), this results in 5 millions shuffle files. Spark does not however merge them into a single partitioned shuffle file as in Hadoop MapReduce. This number of file IO somehow affects the performance. You can learn more about Spark shuffling from the following report. In the above report, it also points out the potential memory issue when using compression on the Map output files. eg. In a machine with C number of cores allocated to Spark, we have C concurrent Map Tasks, each Map Task is writing out R shuffle files, one per Reduce Task. The total number of memory usage would be CR400KB. Here comes the good news. A new shuffling mechanism, called sort-based shuffling is implemented for upcoming Spark version 1.1.0. You can read the design document below and learn more about this issue in SPARK-2045 JIRA ticket. This sort-based shuffling is quite similar but not the same as Hadoop MapReduce shuffling.
0.999818	The cuisine of Sicily is uniquely different from any other Italian region, strongly influenced by it's many conquerors. From the Greeks, to the Romans, the Arabs, the Normans, the French and the Spanish, each conqueror and wayfarer have strongly left their influence on the foods of Sicily. Not only have these foreign civilizations converged on Sicily throughout it's history with conquest in mind, but they usually brought with them new ingredients, customs and food traditions that remained long after they had left. Blend these foreign techniques with simple peasant ingredients, including the fresh catch of the sea, and pick of the garden, and Sicilian cuisine was born. The basic ingredients used most commonly in Sicilian cuisine are those similar to other southern Italian regions, including olive oil, pasta, seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables, including of course the beloved tomato. The philosophy of Sicilian cooking can be found throughout Italy, where one cooks with what has on hand, or what can be found fresh at the market or in the garden, rather than starting with a recipe first, and then looking for the needed ingredients. The range of dishes found in the cuisine of Sicily is extensive, making it quite difficult to categorize it easily. A favorite Sicilian appetizer might be the traditional Caponata , which is a hearty, full bodied mixture of eggplant and other mediterranean ingredients that is delicious served with crusty bread. Another favorite eggplant appetizer is Eggplant "Sandwiches" , which consists of breaded slices of eggplant sandwiched a slice of cheese in between, which is then fried a golden brown. Arancini , or "small oranges", consist of fried rice balls stuffed with meat and cheese, and are another Sicilian delicacy which are served as an antipasto. A first course in Sicily may be a simple Pasta con le Sarde, or Pasta with Sardines , considered by many to be the national dish, or Pasta with Cauliflower . A vibrant, tasty tomato based pasta made with fried eggplant which is topped with ricotta salata cheese is also commonly served, called Pasta alla Norma . Soups may include beans, lentils, rice, fresh vegetables and many combinations of these ingredients. A Rice Timbale , or a baked casserole of rice, meats, eggs and cheese is another commonly served first course. Couscous, introduced to the Sicilians by the Arabs, can also be found on many Sicilian tables. Meat is not as popular as seafood, since Sicily is an island and has an abundance of fresh catch available. Veal however is enjoyed, such as in the recipe for Veal Marsala . Beef, when used, is commonly ground and used for meatballs or meatloaf, which are served after the pasta, as a second course. The seafood available is extensive, but swordfish and tuna are very popular. Grilled Swordfish with Orange Sauce , might be something you would find, combining both the popular fish with citrus fruit which is found across the island. Tuna With White Beans would be a recipe that typifies Sicilian cooking at it's best. Sardines are prevalent, and are used as an appetizer, first course, or even a main course. Baccala, or dried salted cod, is another seafood specialty found in Sicily. There is a vast selection of fresh vegetables and fruit available in Sicily, producing a stupendous range of dishes put together for flavor, as well as for appearance and aroma. Sicilians have perfected the art of food presentation, where even the most simple dish becomes a work of art. Favorite vegetables consist of fennel, such as in the recipe for Baked Fennel , fava beans, which might be served as Fave con Pecorino , onions, cauliflower, and artichokes which can be found prepared in a myriad of ways. Sicily exceeds all other Italian regions in it's choices of sweets, fruits and ice creams. Marzipan, or sweetened almond paste is shaped into many forms and artistically colored. Cannoli , are tubular crusts filled with sweetened ricotta. The filling is flavored with candies fruits and nuts or chocolate. A Cassata , is a rich cake filled with a similar filling to the cannoli. Granita and ice creams or every imaginable flavor can be found at shops on every corner. It's impossible to describe Sicilian cuisine properly in a few short paragraphs, although hopefully I have given you an overview of this magnificent region's foods.
0.992938	His timing of scares, however, could use some work. How many cool ways can we kill a person? Summary for the movie The photographer Leon lives with his girlfriend and waitress Maya waiting for a chance to get in the photo business. But I said before, it is never boring. I even wrote Joe Drake an email pleading that it get a regular release. I normally rate a good horror movie based on gut feeling. During the night, the upset Leon decides to wander on the streets taking pictures with his camera, and he follows three punks down to the subway station; when the gang attacks a young woman, Leon defends her and the guys move on. The time passes easily, blood flows freely, but only when it needs to, and it is a joy to look out. Leon Bradley Cooper is an up and coming photograph, who is trying to make it critically, but so far his work has been unable to break it. That said he has also been raped as a horror writer with atrocities such as Rawhead Rex. This movie missed that point at the end. Director keygen : Keywords : The Midnight Meat Train yify subs, subtitle The Midnight Meat Train, torrent The Midnight Meat Train subtitle, yify subtitles The Midnight Meat Train, The Midnight Meat Train sub, The Midnight Meat Train subs, The Midnight Meat Train yify subtitle, The Midnight Meat Train download subtitles, The Midnight Meat Train yts subtitle, The Midnight Meat Train movie subtitles. I wanted to feel like the protagonist was spiraling into a world that he should not have knowledge of, and yet he is drawn to it like a moth to a flame. Leon becomes obsessed to find what happened with the stranger and he watches the subway station. Crime Drama Horror Mystery Thriller The photographer Leon lives with his girlfriend and waitress Maya waiting for a chance to get in the photo business. That's the woman the lead needed, and keygen he got the stereotypical girly-girl. It deserved a much wider and better promoted release, and is certainly worth seeking out. It is enough to mention that his stories was the backbone of such classics as Hellraiser or Candyman. One chance session in the subway changes the direction of his life. I had the opportunity to get a real movie experience with the film. During the night, the upset Leon decides to wander on the streets taking pictures with his camera, and he follows three punks down to the subway station; when the gang attacks a young woman, Leon defends her and the guys move on. I was standing near the writer too who seemed either drunk or keygen stoned when he first walked in, but then, maybe that's just how he is on the regular. When Maya contacts their friend Jurgis, he schedules a meeting for Leon with the successful owner of arts gallery Susan Hoff; she analyzes Leon's work and asks him to improve the quality of his photos. The type that would push her man further into the pit.
0.957937	What is the best way to plan a trip? My philosophy is that there are no rules, only happy coincidences. The initial spark for my last project came from the pages of a French newspaper that mentioned the existence of Notre-Dames des Cyclistes (Our Lady of Cyclists), a chapel in Aquitaine, France dedicated by the Church to the sport. This seemingly unlikely association of church and cycling called to me. After some research, I learned that this chapel and its museum of cycling were inspired by the Madonna del Ghisallo, an Italian chapel perched at the top of a well-known pass to racers in the Giro di Lombardia. Planning a ride from one of these historic monuments to the other just seemed a natural fit. Just to give myself an idea, I quickly mapped out a bird's-eye view of the route using Route Builder, and the discovery of a third chapel in Spain transformed this pilgrimage into an ambitious project. Just as the Tour de France consists of several contests (the general and team classifications, and the stage and point winners), a bike trip can encompass many aspirations and different expectations. Some will see this ride as one long test of endurance from Lombardy, Italy to the Basque Country. Others will see it as 10 distinct challenges divided into stages. The real work for my chapel pilgrimage began when I started mapping out the stages. For this, you have to take into account the amount of time you have, the average number of miles you want to ride each day, the elevation, the passes you want to take, and in which direction you want to take them. You will also want to factor in time for sightseeing along the way. Strava facilitates this task by allowing you to easily create and compare itineraries in the “my routes” function. Here you have the option to duplicate an itinerary, make changes and then compare the two. Thanks to what we learned from Strava, we decided to take a detour which would permit us to add the Muro di Sormano to our hit list, which we compensated for the next day by taking the most direct route across the Italian flats. Then we wanted to discover the Gorges de la Bourne and la Combe Laval which forced us to give up the route to Gap: the most obvious way to join the Landes. This is how a descent to the south became an ascent, and we found ourselves in the Vercors, the natural fortress of the French pre-alps, climbing the Lautaret. Aiding our route decisions was a Michelin road map. For the uninitiated, on a Michelin map each road is color-coded. Cyclists can easily see and avoid the red-colored, high-traffic roads and give preference to the quieter white and yellow roads. The scenic routes are marked in green and offer a picturesque option to riders and motorists. However, it is difficult and tedious with a flat map like the Michelin to calculate distance and elevation. The most direct distance between two points is always a straight line, but that line doesn’t look the same when you see its profile. Unexpected variations in terrain are typically not happy surprises for the long distance rider. With this in mind, I followed one of two methods for developing routes: Either I figured out the roads and the points of interest on the paper map, then I would bring it all to life on Strava creating several versions in order to compare elevation and distance. Or, I would first create my itinerary on Strava and then consult the map. Why? I would frequently find two parallel roads both taking me where I wanted to go, one with more traffic than the other. On Strava and Google, two such roads would have seemed the same. Only on a paper map would you be able to distinguish them. During the third stage, while descending the Colle Sestriere in Italy, I crossed paths with Chris Froome who was climbing with a few of his teammates. I was not surprised that they were in the region to suss out the queen stage of the Tour de France, but that did not explain why they were on the Italian side of the border. Then it all made sense, the stage finish must have been on top of l’Izoard. Thanks to the Flyby feature, I saw that Michal Kwiatkowski was among the riders accompanying Froome – the 2014 World Champion alongside the future four-time winner of the Tour. From Kwiatkowski's activity, I saw that Team Sky’s reconnaissance ride included two more mountain passes to an already arduous day of training. Independent of this episode, uploading the results of my stages is a way for me to save my memories. I can revisit my tour and optimize my itineraries in the event that I return to the region. I can also share my favorite stages with fellow cyclists looking for an adventure. For these reasons, always give your activities a personal title so you can remember them! When I begin transforming this voyage into a book, these Strava routes will serve as a precious link weaving together the strands of my narration. Whether you are looking to discover new routes around your house or planning your next adventure to lands unknown, try Route Builder. It will enable you to identify the roads and paths most frequently taken by other Strava members as well as the most popular segments. You will also have a good idea of the elevation gain that awaits you on your next ride. Once your itineraries are registered, you have the choice to follow them directly from the mobile app or transfer them onto your favorite tracking device.
0.99992	Why was my book banned? The Lord of The Flies an extraordinary novel written by William Golding, a bildungsroman about a stranded group of boys who release their inner savagery when rules are removed. The author of this dystopian novel was openly criticized for his extensive commentary on WW2; and his use of allegories which referred to the repressed human savagery, and the violence contained in several scenes. Furthermore, the allegories towards religious groups and believed was another key point towards the book receiving such negative opinions by very conservative spiritual groups. There have been challenges towards this book since 1974 up until a 2000 incident which occurred in Bloomfield, NY in an accelerated English course. Published on September 17, 1954, this novel would face criticism throughout decades to come, parents considered some of the scenes to be excessively “graphical” or “Obscene” due to the violent nature of some chapters. Parents throughout several US high schools banded together to publicly challenge the book in order to remove the book from School libraries, and after several attempts, the book was banned and removed in certain libraries. Two of such occasions where in Dallas, Tx Independent School District (Multiple High School Libraries) and challenged at SD High School for the same reason, excessive use of violence and grotesque language and finally the graphic content. Both of these high schools retained the book within their libraries but multiple other attempts to ban this book which succeeds but was not recorded; and yet a Canadian Board of Education openly denounced the book to be removed from ALL libraries. Though the book was removed in certain school libraries, it has been reinstituted since organizations such as the ALA have fought for free literature. The Lord of the Flies is an amazing novel which warns of us the dangers of the repressed savagery and the violence we exert upon others when we are unrestricted. Free thought and unrestricted literacy are key to allow our world not to repeat previous mistakes, and to nourish enlightenment in our modern society. I utilized the propaganda technique of name calling and to a certain extent unwarranted extrapolation. The principal technique which was used during the creation of this poster was name calling, a technique focused on antagonizing and creating a negative image of an idea, individual, campaign, product, etc… I believe by utilizing this technique the poster will have a great impact upon any individual who sees it as every individual will feel a tinge of hatred due to the language and format of the poster towards book banners. A crowd is much easier to sway when they have rallied AGAINST a particular idea, and not in support of that idea. Name calling is highly effective when something needs to be seen as terrible or harmful to someone or something that is cherished. The poster above uses the following words as the key to its’ meaning, Ignorants, Illiterates, Saboteurs. These words are aimed towards those who blindly and ignorantly support book banning, and to those who are oblivious to how they are sabotaging their own future. Furthermore, as we progress down the poster we see the following text “Say NO to book banning — OR WE READERS ALL BURN.” This text is the main message of the poster, for it explains the consequences which shall be endured if those who are ignorant towards the importance of books are free to do as they please. Finally, the main four visuals of the poster can be seen which consists of a blindfolded man (a book banner blinded by his ignorance), a man and a woman warning the man of his impending doom (Those who have warned about the consequences of book banning), and to conclude a flaming pit with the remnants of burning books (all the books destroyed by the blindfolded man). It all culminates in the actions of the blindfolded man, and how his actions lead to his eventual doom and so will that of those willing to follow him. Warnings have been said, but they fell upon deaf ears. 1) Who is the target audience? What evidence suggests this? The target audience within this poster is the average reader as they make up the majority of the reading population around the world. The following text indicates that this poster is direct to the general reading population “Or WE READERS all burn.” The word which is key to his is “we readers” as it indicates people who read as a whole and not just a particular group of people. This combination of words brings in anybody who reads, regardless of what genre they read or what gender they are. However, this poster is direct towards a bit older readers as the some of the language is not going to be within the vocabulary of younger children. This poster targets all those who read and are able to comprehend the language which the poster has. 2) Examine the objects in the illustration. What other observations do you have that indicate this as an example of Name Calling propaganda? The blindfolded man is looked upon as a fool. His blind trust in himself and in his beliefs have led him down a path of destruction and cluelessness as he heads into a flaming pit. The man behind him is calling out his foolishness as he continues on his path down a slippery slope which is bound to disaster. The woman calls him out for his ignorance, for he did heed her warnings. It is the burning pit which symbolizes the destruction of intellect and enlightenment which make the blindfolded man seem so foolish to fall into, and even after so many warnings. 3) Would language enhance this advertisement? Why? Why not? Language has enhanced this poster as it states a clear message and helps the audience realize what book banning truly is, and who participates in it. The use of words such as ignorant and saboteurs point out the negative qualities in book banning. Furthermore, by placing the subject directly above a negative adjective a person will immediately link that subject to that negative connotation of the word. I believe language enhances this advertisement greatly as it helps transmit the message and the opinion which the creator of the poster wants the audience to have on the related subject, campaign, object etc… Name calling in general greatly benefits from language as it CLEARLY antagonizes and gives a demanding association to someone or something the creator of the poster opposes. 4) What is the fight? It is the struggle for liberty in literature which has lead to the creation of this poster. There are those who oppose restriction and the banning of books against those who believe that the destruction of intellectual property is justified. Tha man and the woman on the right represent those who fought for liberty in literature, and the blindfolded man represents those who believe in banning works of literature. Their struggle to compel the opposite side to agree has led one of them to their own demise through their actions and blind trust.(thus the blindfold) The struggle continues as even if one side suffers the other will have to rebuild what has been lost during this fight which has taken its toll upon literature. 5) What other observations do you have about the way the Name Calling technique is used in this advertisement? The blindfolded man is a representation of all which should never occur in our modern and developed world. He has blindly trusted and fallen for the deceptive ideas which something like book banning stand for. The man and woman are calling out the flaws of the blindfolded man, yet the remains with his original belief of which leads him to his own destruction. 6) Is this advertisement effect? I do believe this advertisement is effective, however, it could do with some more artistic output. The color scheme could change depending how the rest of the poster is assembled, and possibly some of the fault. However, I believe the message is well written out and clear to the viewer of this advertisement and they will feel swayed to support the anti-book banning campaign. The poster overall looks organized and clean and nothing seems to be covering up essential parts of the poster which makes this appealing to the eye from both close up and far away. This poster would be effective, but once again it could do with some more artistic input.
0.999986	'Can my friend,' gesturing toward his dog, 'come in, too?' the traveller asked. 'How about my friend here?' the traveller gestured to the dog. �What do you call this place?' the traveller asked.
0.99999	The driver failed to see the other car in time. I happen to know the answer to your question. The question is how to put it into practice.
0.999846	NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- The 122-year reign of the celluloid 35-millimeter film projector is about to come to an end. In just two months, digital will overtake film as the predominant movie projector technology in the world's cinemas, according to a study released this week by IHS. It will be the first time since the advent of the motion picture in 1889 that film projectors will be used to screen a minority of movies. The most amazing thing about the transition is not how long film stuck around, but just how dramatic and rapid the shift to digital projectors was. Film projectors were in more than 99% of theaters as recently as 2004 and 85% in 2009. That number slid to 68% last year, and by the end of next year, film will be present in just 37% of cinemas. In 2015, IHS says film will be relegated to "niche" status, used in just 17% of movie theaters worldwide. How did the mighty fall so quickly? In a word: Avatar. The blockbuster 3-D movie's release in late 2009 sparked a rapid increase in digital projector purchases, since its three-dimensional effects couldn't be viewed with a celluloid film projector. Not wanting to miss out on the highest-grossing movie of all time, theaters were quick to upgrade their technology. "The release of Avatar represented the pivotal moment for digital cinema," said David Hancock, head of film and cinema research at IHS. "Before Avatar, digital represented only a small portion of the market. This single film has driven up demand for digital 3-D technology at the expense of traditional 35-mm celluloid." Since then, movie theaters have been welcoming the rebirth of the 3-D movie, as they can often charge more money for the shows. The transition has been especially noticeable in the United States, where IHS predicts there will be no more mainstream 35-mm film projector usage after 2013. Western Europe will reach that point by 2014, and as pressure builds from Hollywood studios that want to ship films in just one format, most of the rest of the world will likely be forced to say goodbye to film projectors the following year. Though the majority of movies are still shown using film -- at least until January -- most Hollywood pictures have actually been shot using digital cameras for quite some time. Some traditionalists remain, of course. Star Trek director J.J. Abrams noted that he chose to shoot the movie using traditional film to capture a certain glare effect that digital cameras couldn't replicate. Even though the film wasn't shot digitally, many people around the world still watched it on a digital projector. Soon, no matter how a Hollywood movie is captured, it will have to be digitized at some point. That means demand for celluloid is rapidly declining. More than 13 billion feet of 35-mm film were sold globally in 2008, but that number is expected to sink to just 4 billion feet next year, IHS said. What's even more worrisome for celluloid producers is that the cost of making it is soaring due to the rising price of silver, a key raw material in the production of film. IHS predicts the major celluloid manufacturers -- Kodak (EK, Fortune 500) and Fuji -- could be consolidated down to just one by 2015. Of course, film will never completely go away. Art-house cinemas, particularly the roughly 3,000 publicly funded ones in Western Europe, will help keep film alive. Older films that were never digitally transferred will live on there. But they'll be relics. IHS expects those last prints to soar in value as the rest of the world moves to digital. Does Iron Man have a life after the movies?
0.997533	In addition to being classified on the basis of cell-surface markers, including CD4, CD8, and various chemokine receptors, T cells are also cataloged, based on the types of cytokines that they produce, into different functional subsets: T helper 1 (TH1), TH2, and TH17 cells, for example. Those T cells that produce multiple cytokines, so-called “polyfunctional” T cells, provide a more effective immune response to a pathogen than do cells that produce only a single cytokine (see commentary by Haining). Because most studies of T cell functionality are based on end-point analysis of populations of activated T cells, whether polyfunctional cells produce multiple cytokines sequentially or simultaneously is unclear. Thus, Han et al. devised a system to monitor the real-time secretion of cytokines by individual cells. The authors cultured human T cells individually in nanowells, analyzed their cell-surface markers, activated the cells in a T cell receptor (TCR)–independent manner, and then repeatedly sampled the culture medium to measure the concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) that the cells secreted. Most T cells that produced multiple cytokines did so sequentially rather than simultaneously. Mathematical analysis showed that the patterns of serial secretion exhibited by the cells were programmed rather than random. Furthermore, cells in different differentiation states had distinct patterns of secretion. Thus, naïve CD4+ T cells exhibited a secretion pattern that could be distinguished from that of effector memory cells, for example. Finally, to more closely model physiological T cell activation, the authors incubated cells with beads coated with TCR-activating antibodies and found that cells exhibited qualitatively similar patterns of cytokine secretion as were observed in the earlier experiments. As Haining discusses, these data suggest that to effectively characterize an immune response, one must determine how the phenotypes of individual T cells within a population change over time. Temporal analysis of individual activated T cells reveals programs of sequential secretion of multiple effector cytokines.
0.919706	The children will be bringing home a teddy bear during the next few weeks. The children will be expected to write a sentence about what they have done with the teddy on that evening.The children can draw pictures in the book but they must write a sentence. The teddy then must be returned to school the next day. An example of the sentence could be: I played with the lego and Ted built a big tower. If you have any questions please don't hesitate to come and speak to me.
0.998676	(CNN) - The brutal killing of a Florida woman has renewed debate in the state over the use of the death penalty. Gov. Rick Scott sent a letter on Tuesday to State Attorney Aramis Ayala to confirm that the death penalty was up for consideration in the killing of Janice Zengotita-Torres, a spokeswoman said. The married mother was abducted and killed on January 8 in a murder-for-hire plot gone awry, the Osceola County Sheriff's office said. Three people have been arrested on murder charges in the death of Zengotita-Torres, Sheriff Russ Gibson said. They are accused of killing her even though they realized they had wrongly identified her as the target of their plot. "Governor Scott sent the letter to confirm that every option is on the table to hold those accused of this horrific crime fully accountable," spokeswoman Kerri Wyland said in an email. This isn't the first time Scott and Ayala -- the lead prosecutor in Orange and Osceola counties -- have tangled over the death penalty. Ayala made national headlines in 2017 when she announced her office would not seek the death penalty. Scott responded by reassigning more than 30 cases from her office to another one. Ayala sued Scott, arguing the death penalty is expensive, inhumane and does not increase public safety. Florida's Supreme Court sided with Scott, saying he was within his executive right to reassign the cases. As for Ayala, the court said that by imposing a blanket prohibition of the death penalty instead of judging each case on its own, Ayala was exercising "no discretion at all." Ayala said she would follow the court's ruling. To that end, she created a panel of prosecutors in her office to review each case eligible for the death penalty. She vowed not to interfere with the panel's decisions and said she expected it to result in some death penalty cases. Ayala's office said in October that it would seek the death penalty in the case of a woman accused of robbing and killing two men in a Kissimmee hotel. Prosecutors then missed a deadline to file a notice of intent to seek the death penalty, leading Gov. Scott's general counsel to send Ayala a strongly-worded letter criticizing the misstep. The case ended in a plea deal that gave defendant Emerita Mapp a life sentence. The latest controversy stems from what law enforcement describes as a love triangle that turned into a murder-for-hire plot, leading to the murder of the wrong person. "I've seen a lot of very bizarre, heinous crimes, and this ranks in the top," Osceola County Sheriff Russ Gibson said of Zengotita-Torres' killing. According to Gibson, Ishnar Marie Lopez-Ramos, 35, moved to Florida from Puerto Rico in December and fell in love with a man already in a relationship with another woman. She enlisted the help of Alexis Ramos and his girlfriend Glorianmarie Quiñones, both 22, to kill her romantic rival, the sheriff said in a January 12 news conference. The morning of January 8, they waited outside a Ross Department Store for their intended target. Instead, they abducted Zengotita-Torres, Gibson said. They stole her ATM card and used it to withdraw money from her bank account. When they realized they had the wrong person, they decided to kill her anyway, Gibson said. The suspects bound the victim with zip ties and wrapped her head in duct tape and garbage bags, said Gibson. "The victim struggled and Alexis began beating the victim until she was unconscious," Gibson said. They dumped her body in Ormond Beach and disposed of her car, he said. Lopez-Ramos was arrested on January 12 after she tried to use the stolen ATM card, Gibson said. She gave a full confession and led police to Ramos and Quiñones, who also confessed, he said. The three suspects have been charged with two counts of murder each. Court records did not list defense attorney names or pleas. "It touches me deeply that one of our citizens was killed in such a manner over a mistaken identification and in the end it appears to be a lovers triangle," he said. "We are going to put a solid case to send to the state attorneys office to make sure it gets prosecuted to its full extent," he said. State representative Bob Cortes said the circumstances of the case make it worthy of death penalty consideration. Fearing Ayala may not pursue the death penalty, Cortes asked Gov. Scott to remove her office from the case. "She has proven her lack of objectivity in seeking appropriate justice in capital cases," he said in a letter to Scott. Cortes' letter, dated January 16, was sent before Scott sent his to Ayala. In response to Scott's letter, Ayala said in an email to CNN that her "position and process" for seeking the death penalty "has already been made clear." "If there are any changes, I will make it known publicly," she added.
0.752255	Reveal the amazing volume and brilliance of your hair! This shampoo is formulated with extremely mild surfactants for clean, healthy, shiny hair. Its light and creamy foam has a delicate honey scent. An outstanding combination of organic ingredients: Honey nourrihes hair fibers to the roots, Aloe Vera restores radiance and slow down hair loss, Glycerin moisturize, and Sugar soften. The hair is intensively nourished from the root to the scalp providing a nice calming effect with immediate results. Renew 1 to 2 times per week. Rinse well. Texture : light and creamy foam. Hair type : normal use. Using Advice : gently massage the scalp in circular movements to stimulate microcirculation. Rinse. More : Aloe Vera which limits the fall of the hair. INGREDIENTS : AQUA (WATER) - ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF JUICE**- AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE - GLYCERIN - COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE - INULIN - PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) - SODIUM CHLORIDE - CAPRYLYL/CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE - GLUCONOLACTONE - SODIUM BENZOATE - MEL (HONEY) EXTRACT - POTASSIUM SORBATE - C12-16 ALCOHOLS - AMMONIUM SULFATE - SODIUM HYDROXIDE - CITRIC ACID - CALCIUM GLUCONATE - LINALOOL - LIMONENE - GERANIOL - COUMARIN - BENZYL ALCOHOL. Shampoing doux , j'adore son parfum miellé , cheveux fins bien nourrit , brillants , volume retrouvé et chute des cheveux bien atténuée J'adore ! Parfum neutre, shampoing qui laisse les cheveux léger et brillants er permet d'espace les lavages. Très beau produit. Vivement les bouteilles en verre ou les recharges éco! Mais cheveux ont une tendance "gras" ce shampooing s'alourdit pas et répond aux attentes de brillance. Je voudrais savoir s il ne serait pas possible d avoir des recharges plutôt que des flacons à chaque fois. Merci de votre réponse.
0.993919	Veiw some of the procedures that are performed in the clinic. What to expect on your first visit to the Acupuncture Center! We commonly treat patients with conditions treated unsuccessfully by traditional Western Medicine and, in fact, receive many referrals from local medical practitioners. Conditions such as low back pain, sciatica, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, arthritis, and vertebral disc syndrome, to name a few, have been successfully treated and in many cases surgeries avoided through the use of acupuncture often combined with herbal remedies, exercise and dietary recommendations. We also work in partnership with primary care physicians to help reduce or eliminate patient medications for conditions such as fibromyalgia, depression, migraine headaches, sleep disorders, GERD, IBS, and many more. Our goal is to provide you with answers to questions and remedies to pathologies previously unanswered or unanswerable by the Western medical profession. Many of our patients have discovered that some health issues cannot be addressed by Western medicine without the use of harmful medications which offer only temporary relief. Traditional Chinese Medicine (which includes acupuncture, herbal remedies, Tui Na, and moxibustion) allows and enables the body to heal thereby eliminating the need for harmful medications or invasive procedures. Take a look at our site and, if you still have unanswered questions, please contact us. All you wanted to know about Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture!
0.999992	Mulher de sorte recebeu R$ 32 milhões dos governos Omar e Melo. A senhora que você vê na foto acima é Maria Dorotéia Gomes Pacheco da Silva. Ele pode ser considerada uma pessoa influente. Afinal, quem no Estado recebeu do Governo uma bagatela de R$ 32 milhões nos últimos cinco anos? A resposta é: ela, apenas ela. Ainda no governo Omar Aziz, em 2012, Doroteia levou para casa R$ 15 milhões, a título de desapropriação de um terreno onde se localiza o bairro Monte das Oliveiras. E o fez mediante um acordo com a Superintendência de Habitação do Amazonas, na época comandada pelo engenheiro Sidney Robertson Oliveira. Já em plena crise, durante o governo José Melo, a “Vovó do Tombo”, como ficou conhecida há alguns anos, por causa de atividades nada republicanas, faturou ainda mais: R$ 17 milhões por outro terreno, onde existe hoje o conjunto Novo Mundo. Mas o que diferencia Dorotéia de tantos outros cidadãos postados na fila dos precatórios do Estado há anos, por vezes décadas? E como ela consegue receber quantias tão vultosas? A resposta pode estar nas parcerias que ela construiu nos últimos anos, especialmente com um empresário e pecuarista com forte influência no governo, e que seria seu sócio oculto. Só ele teria a capacidade de mobilizar Suhab, Secretaria de Terras e Procuradoria Geral do Estado para, juntas, autorizarem tamanhos desembolsos. Dorotéia aumentou consideravelmente seu patrimônio sob Omar e Melo, como nenhum outro amazonense, nem o empresário mais bem sucedido, conseguiu nos últimos tempos. Vale ou não vale uma investigação rigorosa dos órgãos de fiscalização? Afinal, é dinheiro para Eike Batista ou Marcelo Odebrecht nenhum colocar defeito! It іs a clսb exclusive for badminton. 8-Week Affiliate + 12-Week Vendor Training includes Exclusive Bonuses, Crash Courses, CBU Forum, Toolkit, Future Updates Free! In between me and my partner we have owned further MP3 gamers in excess of the decades than I can count, like Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, etcetera. But, the final pair years I have settled down to 1 line of avid gamers. Why? Since I was joyful to locate how well-designed and fun in direction of seek the services of the underappreciated (and broadly mocked) Zunes are. to date knowledge towards the gamblers so that they can easily obtain access to Online Casinos. With regards to reputation, they ought to inquire whether previous players have won on such sites. Our website attempts to serve advisable to its viewers by providing up to date knowledge towards the gamblers so that they can easily obtain access to Online Casinos. Thanks for the good writeup. It in truth was once a entertainment account it. Look complex to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we be in contact? Transformers Earth Wars is actually price a download. Thanks for finally talking about >Mulher de sorte recebeu R$ 32 milhões dos governos Omar e Melo. – Observatório Manaus <Loved it! This is really fascinating, You are an excessively professional blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and stay up for in search of more of your great post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks! weblog and wished to mention that I have really loved browsing your weblog posts. your story. It’s surprising you’re not more popular since you definitely possess the gift. Yes! Finally something about canadian drugs. After looking into a number of the blog articles on your web page, I honestly like your way of blogging. the posts are too quick for novices. May just you please prolong them a little from subsequent time? Fall werden Die Kunden als Sportler einem außerordentlichen Stressfaktor ausgesetzt. I love reading through and I believe this website got some really utilitarian stuff on it! So erspart jedermann sich z. B. den Termin bei dem Doktor und die langen Wartezeiten in dem Vorzimmer der Arztpraxis. Nun treten erhebliche Qualitätsunterschiede auf. Louis Ignarro verliehen wird. Es werden keine Gesundheisproblemen berichtet. Beides dient die Durchblutung & erweitert die Blutgefäße im Schwellkörper des Penises. be fascinated until it is something to accomplish with Woman gaga! I want studying and I believe this website got some truly useful stuff on it! I visit every day some websites and websites to read articles or reviews, however this blog presents feature based writing. Vitalstoffe, mit welchen die Autoren häufig unterversorgt sind. Ein Arzneistoff habe diverse positive Besonderheiten. accounts and thus they could use the bonus amount and win the games. gestreckt. Dies muss problemfrei funktionieren, bevor du mit einer Freundin anfangen kannst. Wechsle den vorderen Fuß nach einer Weile. wechsle den Fuß vorwärts und rückwärts (3), Grundsprung (4). Probiere später ohne Grundsprung. Grundsprung (1), hohes Knie (2), Grundsprung (3), gerades Bein vor (4). Beinwechsel. Wechsle Seite und Bein.
0.999805	Is milk an option that you consider while making coffee? There are various ways you can use milk in coffee. There are those who prefer colder milk, though it is easy to change milk’s texture simply by heating or frothing it. The quantity of milk you add to your coffee can be varied for different flavors. If your kids have been bugging you for a sip of your coffee, but you do not feel that it is appropriate for them to have it, consider buying coffee flavored syrup for them to add to milk. This gives you the same great coffee flavor without worrying about caffeine. If you enjoy flavored coffee, add your flavoring syrup directly to your hot coffee. Add the syrup after you pour your coffee into your mug, then stir. Do not add milk until the flavoring has been absorbed. This allows the coffee to take on the flavor and amplifies the aroma and taste. In conclusion, there are many choices to make when it comes to coffee. Regardless of whether you’re brewing coffee from your home or going to a coffee shop for your coffee, you have many choices. This article should have given you some great new ideas to make this process easier.
0.976709	Learn the ethical obligations and code of ethics for a claims adjuster. What is a claims adjuster and what ethical obligations are they supposed to follow? Claims adjusters work for insurance companies, as such they have an inherent conflict of interest when dealing with claimants. The adjuster is there to protect the interests of their employer. Often claimants believe that the insurance adjuster has their best interests in mind, but this is simply not the case. Claims adjusters job is to limit the amount of money they pay out on claims, to pay as little as possible on each and every claim so as to maximize the profitability of the insurance company. As a lawyer, I have had many clients come to me over the years telling me the same story, that a claims adjuster contacted them after their accident and offered to give them a check the same day or the day after their accident. Often these checks are for minimal amounts like $300 and include full and final releases of all property damage and bodily injury claims against their insured. Should an adjuster be allowed to engage in this type of behavior? The Florida Administrative code would say the answer is a big NO. "An adjuster shall not attempt to negotiate with or obtain any statement from a claimant or witness at a time that the claimant or witness is, or would reasonably be expected to be, in shock or serious mental or emotional distress as a result of physical, mental, or emotional trauma associated with a loss. Further, the adjuster shall not conclude a settlement when such settlement would be disadvantageous or to the detriment of a claimant who is in the traumatic or distressed state described above". Another common claims adjuster behavior that I see is for the adjuster to do everything they can to delay paying a claim. They often will say that they did not receive records sent to them by the lawyer, even though those records were sent certified mail and the lawyer has a return receipt as proof they were received. Adjusters also will claim that they are seeking prior medical records from the injured person, and despite being provided a signed medical release, six months later the adjuster will claim that they still don’t have the prior records. This delay tactic is common and is in violation of Florida Administrative code Section 4(4)f), which states: "An adjuster, upon undertaking the handling of a claim, shall act with dispatch and due diligence in achieving a proper disposition thereof." legal advice, nor advise against the retention of counsel to protect the claimant's interest". Perhaps the biggest problem that I see as a lawyer is claims adjusters denying claims or low balling the claim in such a manner as to effectively be denying the claim. When you purchase liability insurance you have a reasonable expectation that your insurance will pay claims in the event that you are at fault in an accident. When your insurance company does not pay the claim or makes such a low offer to settle that they effectively are denying the claim, you as the insured may find yourself being sued by the injured driver. So instead of protecting you, and paying the claim as you would expect you get a knock on the door from a process server, who then serves you with a lawsuit, which could have been avoided had the adjuster paid the claim. This type of adjuster behavior violates Florida Administrative Code section (4)(4)(c) which states "An adjuster shall never approach investigations, adjustments, and settlements in a manner prejudicial to the insured". Has your adjuster has violated these rules? Report violations to the Employee Assistance Office at 850-488-5201or 1-800-342-1741 and speak to an Insurance Analyst/Advisor. Be sure to request that they fill out an official RFA (Request For Assistance) . The official paperwork must be done before any official action be taken. You can also request that they send the RFA on to the Bureau of Monitoring and Auditing. Here is the complete Florida Administrative Code Section 4 (of 68 sections) for insurance. Included in it are 4-220.201 Ethical Requirements. (1) Purpose. This rule sets forth the various ethical considerations and constraints for various classes of insurance adjusters. (2) Definitions. The following definitions shall apply for purposes of this rule. (a) "Adjuster," when used without further specification, refers to and includes all types and classes of insurance adjusters, (company, independent, and public), subject to Chapter 626, Florida Statutes, and regardless whether resident or nonresident, and whether permanent, temporary, or emergency licensees. (b) "Client" refers to and includes both clients and potential clients; and means any person who consults with or hires an adjuster to provide adjusting services. (c) "Department" refers to the Florida Department of Insurance. (d) "Person" includes natural persons and legal entities. (3) Violation. Violation of any provision of this rule shall constitute grounds for administrative action against the licensee, upon grounds, that include but are not limited to, that the violation demonstrates a lack of fitness to engage in the business of insurance. Additionally, a breach of any provision of this rule constitutes an unfair claims settlement practice. The work of adjusting insurance claims engages the public trust. An adjuster must put the duty for fair and honest treatment of the claimant above the adjuster’s own interests, in every instance. The following are standards of conduct that define ethical behavior. (a) An adjuster shall disclose all financial interest in any direct or indirect aspect of an adjusting transaction. For example: an adjuster shall not directly or indirectly refer or steer any claimant needing repairs or other services in connection with a loss to any person with whom the adjuster has an undisclosed financial interest, or which person will or is reasonably anticipated to provide the adjuster any direct or indirect compensation for the referral or for any resulting business. (b) An adjuster shall treat all claimants equally. An adjuster shall not provide favored treatment to any claimant. An adjuster shall adjust all claims strictly in accordance with the insurance contract. (c) An adjuster shall never approach investigations, adjustments, and settlements in a manner prejudicial to the insured. (e) An adjuster shall handle every adjustment and settlement with honesty and integrity and allow a fair adjustment or settlement to all parties without any remuneration to himself except that to which he is legally entitled. (f) An adjuster, upon undertaking the handling of a claim, shall act with dispatch and due diligence in achieving a proper disposition thereof. (g) An adjuster shall promptly report to the Department any conduct by any licensed insurance representative of this state, which conduct violates any insurance law or Department rule or order. (h) An adjuster shall exercise extraordinary care when dealing with elderly clients, to assure that they are not disadvantaged in their claims transactions by failing memory or impaired cognitive processes. (i) An adjuster shall not negotiate or effect settlement directly or indirectly with any third-party claimant represented by an attorney, if said adjuster has knowledge of such representation, except with the consent of the attorney. For purposes of this subsection, the term "third-party claimant" does not include the insured or the insured’s resident relatives. (j) An adjuster is permitted to interview any witness, or prospective witness, without the consent of opposing counsel or party. In doing so, however, the adjuster shall scrupulously avoid any suggestion calculated to induce a witness to suppress or deviate from the truth, or in any degree affect their appearance or testimony at the trial or on the witness stand. If any witness making or giving a signed or recorded statement so requests, the witness shall be given a copy thereof. (k) An adjuster shall not advise a claimant to refrain from seeking legal advice, nor advise against the retention of counsel to protect the claimant’s interest. (l) An adjuster shall not attempt to negotiate with or obtain any statement from a claimant or witness at a time that the claimant or witness is, or would reasonably be expected to be, in shock or serious mental or emotional distress as a result of physical, mental, or emotional trauma associated with a loss. Further, the adjuster shall not conclude a settlement when such settlement would be disadvantageous or to the detriment of a claimant who is in the traumatic or distressed state described above. (m) An adjuster shall not knowingly fail to advise a claimant of their claim rights in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract and of the applicable laws of this state. An adjuster shall exercise care not to engage in the unlicensed practice of law as prescribed by the Florida Bar. (n) A company or independent adjuster shall not draft, unless approved in writing in advance by the insurer and such written communication can be demonstrated to the Department, special releases called for by the unusual circumstances of any settlement or otherwise draft any form of release. Except as provided above, a company or independent adjuster is only permitted to fill in the blanks in a release form approved by the insurer they represent. (5) Public Adjusters, Other Ethical Constraints. In addition to considerations set out above for adjusters, the following ethical considerations are specific to public adjusters. (a) A public adjuster shall advise the insured and claimant in advance of their right to choice of counsel to represent the insured or claimant, and that such choice is to be made solely by the insured or claimant. (b) The public adjuster shall notify the insured or claimant in advance of the name and location of any proposed contractor, architect, engineer, or similar professional, before any bid or proposal by any of these persons may be used by the public adjuster in estimating the loss or negotiating settlement, and the insured or claimant may exercise veto power of any of these persons in which case that person shall not be used in estimating costs. (c) The public adjuster shall ensure that if a contractor, architect, engineer, or other licensed professional is used in formulating estimates or otherwise participates in the adjustment of the claim, the professional must be licensed by the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation. (d) A public adjuster shall not prevent, or attempt to dissuade or prevent, a claimant from speaking privately with the insurer, company or independent adjuster, attorney, or any other person, regarding the settlement of the claim. (e) A public adjuster shall not acquire any interest in salvaged property, except with the written consent and permission of the insured. (f) A public adjuster shall not accept referrals of business from any person with whom the public adjuster may conduct business where there is any form or manner of agreement to compensate the person, whether directly or indirectly, for referring business to the public adjuster. Except as between licensed public adjusters, or licensed public adjusters and members of the Florida Bar, no public adjuster may compensate any person, whether directly or indirectly, for the principal purpose of referring business to the public adjuster.
0.999399	Suppose you wish to walk across the street. To get to the other side, you must go half of the way across the street. But first, you must walk half-way to the point that is half of the way across the street. But before that, you must walk half-way to the point that is a quarter of the way across the street. And before that, you must walk half-way to the point that is one-eighth of the way across the street. And so on forever. Because there are an infinite number of steps you must take to cross the street, you cannot cross the street. It makes sense when you think about it! Zeno missed a chance to make a profound (for the time) discovery about infinite series. I'm 11 and don't understand any of that, Rom. Now you know some math I bet your friends don't! Most of my friends are doing 6th grade math, like is whats supposed to happen for me. But i'm in single subject acceleration, which put me a grade ahead in math. At my school, the double up program lets you do math for 2 periods, and I'm also in that, so we're almost done with 7th grade. here's an even more interesting fact!!! one plus one plus one.... an infinite amount of times=one divided by zero!!!!! this equation is very important, because it proves that one divided by zero is in fact defineable, and that it's value is exactly 1+1+1+1....!!!! or in other words infinity!! No. Go sit in the corner for that one. Just don't come complaining to me when all your stuff is blowed up! tanmai, here's a cool trick: go to the google calculator, and calculate "1/0". The calculator will give the answer "infinity"!!! that is technically impossible to solve, though. Google's calculator must be wrong! person A: "hey listen, I was wondering what 1/0 is" person B: "I'm glad you asked! 1/0 is in fact infinity!" person A: "ah cool thanks man" this is the beauty of math! ha ha to your scenario, though! You can't ever divide by zero. The operation is undefined. There are things called limits in calculus. You can calculate the limit as something you are dividing by goes to zero but you cannot ever actually divide by zero and get a usable answer, again the operation is undefined. Hate to be mr. pedantic but this is misused too often to just let pass. god, tan! I can't believe you fell for this guest's tricks! he clearly knows nothing about math! and to you 2nd guest, you are probably also right, but the word gullible is probably written all over me, as I am only 11 and only got my account yesterday!
0.999985	How long have you been with your first host? And why have you changed it? I was use my first host for less than a month. It was a free hosting provider, and it made me understand why no serious web owners would use free host. I was with my first host for a month - Didn't really float my boat, and them being a big provider just shocked me more. When I first got into web hosting I was with a reseller host for about 3 months. The service was so awful during the 3rd month and the support was so lacking that I was pretty much forced into a dedicated server (a pretty big move in the mid-90's!). What is the significance/importance of this question?
0.976101	Whiplash is the collective name for complaints that may arise after the head has made a sudden violent movement. This can be a movement forward, to the rear, and / or to the side. An acceleration-deceleration mechanism occurs. That is, energy transfer to the neck, causing the neck and the head to make an unexpected pendulum motion. It may be the result of head-to-tail or side impact with a motor vehicle. It can also be caused by diving or other accidents as contact sports or a fall. Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is widely regarded as a soft tissue injury of the neck with symptoms such as neck pain and stiffness, headaches, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, dizziness, visual symptoms, paresthesia (sensation disorders), and weakness. Other terms include post whiplash syndrome or neck sprain. The text in the next paragraph is the translation of a transcript of a video by Blausen. The spine consists of 33 vertebrae. There are five types of vertebrae: four vertebrae of the so-called 'coccyx' that constitute the tail bone, five sacral vertebrae that constitute the sacral bone, 5 lumbar (lumbar) vertebrae, 12 thoracic (chest) vertebrae and seven cervical (neck) vertebrae . The vertebrae provide stability to the torso. The bones of the spinal column also serve as a protection for the spinal cord and the smaller nerves that branch out from there to the different body parts. The vertebrae are connected to each other by strong bands of tissue, the ligaments. The vertebrae are connected to the surrounding muscles by tendons. In case of acute whiplash the 7 cervical vertebrae are damaged. Whiplash is often the result of car accidents in which the head is moved with great vehemence back and forward by the force of a rear impact. This causes cracks in the muscles, tendons and / or ligaments of the neck. There may also be a pinched nerve between two vertebrae. This causes pain or numbness that may radiate to the shoulder, arm or hand. Depending on the severity of the injury a whiplash can be treated in various ways, such as immobilization of the neck with a cervical collar or medicinal treatment and exercises. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. This article contains a critical evaluation on this classification. Sleeping problems, caused by pain or overstimulation. These complaints provide cognitive symptoms such as difficulty following (phone) conversations, delayed reaction, lack of overview, poor reading or problems comprehending a story. Whiplash has the problem that there is no demonstrable brain damage. The combination of cognitive problems with the increasing emotional stress caused by this fight can lead to problems. After a whiplash people may experience a disturbed sleep-wake rhythm and sleep problems. Sometimes a person is sleeping too much or cannot sleep because of the pain or tinnitus. Below you can dowload some PDFs about Whiplash.
0.980607	What brings people together in the first place? Most species with mobility tend to flock together. People are no exception. Borders created between species are a common event, also between subunits within species, and are a plague of humankind today. Our inborn need for acceptance coincides with our practical need for group survival. Clans and tribes arise from family groups and eventually coalesce and evolve into nations. People coalesce into groups for protection, sustenance and warmth. This tendency is also expressed by herbivores in general. Even carnivores, who may lead more lonely and independent lives, often stake out territories and form hunting groups. Humankind was smart enough to drive out the carnivores and domesticate the herbivores. In forming societies and claiming territories, humankind has expressed an awesome range in behavior the world over. By any measure, individual humans exhibit as much variation as societies do. Evolution served us well in bringing us into being. Developing peaceful societies is another matter. In pre-history, our inborn fierceness was countered by our herding instinct, even as each tended to preserve the other. These seemingly opposed instincts came into balance as we made our evolutionary way through the jungle and savanna. We are now locked in a battle of societies where only the "fittest" (not godliest) will survive--unless we can muster enough statespersonship. Terrorism whether religious or secular in nature is just one expression of this engagement. On the grand scale, a vague outline appears. The fierce U.S. vs the herds of Islam are societal expressions of the genetic nature of humankind. And the reverse is equally true. In either case, the herding instinct is a growing wedge of miscommunications between the societies. That the "fierce" leaders on each side have locked horns is a natural expression of our heritage. If we think about it, the herding instinct is, like fierceness, exclusionary in nature. It tends to separate societies whether they are families, neighborhoods, economic levels, religious orders, political or economic units. Although one instinct is agressive and the other defensive, the responsible genes seem to augment each other -- increasing human conflict where there is insufficient damping movements to maintain balance. Competition between and among human societies with conflict across borders is a common historical pattern; and, also, between subunits within societal borders: Bosnia, Cambodia, Uganda, Rwanda, and Northern Ireland are contemporary examples. At the same time, it appears that the European Union is blazing one trail toward peace. Not only have ancient enemies buried the hatchet, but they have become firm and fast allies, acting in concert and sharing governance as well as currency. We see Europe as a harbinger of the future. Societies can be peaceful, violent or anything in between. Compared with the US, Japan, Norway and Portugal are quite peaceful. Compared with Washington DC, Tokyo is a Garden of Eden. There are at least three contibutors: Authoritarian Personality provides the potential, Societal Values set the tone, and the matter of Montheism and Violence. Let's see how this came to be. Humankind first lifted itself out of savagery and did so by forming societies that protected the many. The first laws were likely based on unrealistic myth. But those with value were preserved. Values may not have been so perceived by tribes or individuals as being in their best personal interests. Nevertheless, as mastery over nature improved, populations grew at increasing rates, requiring ever more complex laws to maintain the public order. With liberal and broad education of its members, a society tends to become better at lawmaking as it becomes more law-abiding. And more importantly perhaps, society becomes more abiding in the spirit of the law. Borders among societies must become stable before societies can move on to transparency and peace. Transparancy is not here yet in very many places. The rule of law (governing human affairs and appropriately enabling individual choice within reasonable limits) is a singular feature that sets humanity apart from the animal world. Achieving balance between individual and group interests is a never ending issue in human society. Nature wrote the laws about survival of living organisms. Most societal attempts to form stable governance necessarily begin in savagery and must go through strongman phases before they can possibly evolve toward a governance of law recognizing, and recognized by, a democratic society embracing any of many economic systems in ongoing dialogue. Societies on this earth have not yet achieved universal dialogue, though some are much better than many others. This process is not yet complete, and terror is just one expression of that incompletness. Laws have loopholes, if not when first written then later as situations change. The wisdom inherent in a given law governs its success. Compare, for example, the huge and long-term success of the First Amendment with laws controlling marijuana, or liquor during prohibition. The latter led to over-crowded and costly new prisons, to a quagmire of our own making in our own time. Social realism in lawmaking is vital. Societies evolve in different directions. So the strength of law is an evolutionary thing and not always in tune with the times or competition among societies. Laws can be eroded, as with the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution. A "strict constructionist" in interpreting the constitution is driving the final nails in the Fourth-Amendment coffin. Ironic, comical, and tragic. Although laws, like religion, must move with the times to retain their relevance, societies can go too far or not apply them effectively. The latter happened to the Fourth Amendment. Our Constitution cannot be amended by the president alone, but just that has happened bit by bit, gradually and steadily, since Harry Truman's time. See Eroding Civil Liberties" Our genetic heritage does not serve the cause of peace well. Our innate tendencies toward aggressive behavior (in wide variation) along with our need for group approval leave many of us groping in various directions from an early age. Some of us seek secular enlightenment at the same time others go for religion and faith. In the extreme, extremism itself appears, whether in the garb of plutocratic, political, economic, or religious fundamentalism. Terrorism can spring from any such extreme sector of any society permitting conditions where alienation and humiliation are prominent among the everyday tools for individual and group "competition and survival." Nevertheless, humankind has an opportunity this century to rise above the strongman mentality. The very things that set humans apart from other animals in degree include: oral communication, inventiveness, handed-down memory, tool making, insight, abstract thinking, formal decision making/planning, and formal moral codes. Yet terrorists and the current administration alike are attempting to redefine all eight to reflect their own self-interests at the expense of the rest of us.
0.999458	I read some articles written on "ClassCastException", but I couldn't get a good idea on that. Is there a good article or what would be a brief explanation? Dog d = (Dog) a; // No problem, the type animal can be casted to a dog, because its a dog. Cat c = (Dog) a; // Raises class cast exception; you can't cast a dog to a cat. Being a little nitpicky, but the String "1" cannot be "cast" to an int, but it can be converted to an int via the Integer.parseInt(String) method. A Java ClassCastException is an Exception that can occur when you try to improperly convert a class from one type to another. The reason an exception is thrown here is that when I’m creating my list object, the object I store in the list is the String “one,” but then later when I try to get this object out I intentionally make a mistake by trying to cast it to an Integer. Because a String cannot be directly cast to an Integer — an Integer is not a type of String — a ClassCastException is thrown. You can better understand ClassCastException and casting once you realize that the JVM cannot guess the unknown. If B is an instance of A it has more class members and methods on the heap than A. The JVM cannot guess how to cast A to B since the mapping target is larger, and the JVM will not know how to fill the additional members. But if A was an instance of B, it would be possible, because A is a reference to a complete instance of B, so the mapping will be one-to-one. A class cast exception is thrown by Java when you try to cast an Object of one data type to another. Java allows us to cast variables of one type to another as long as the casting happens between compatible data types. For example you can cast a String as an Object and similarly an Object that contains String values can be cast to a String. Let us assume we have an HashMap that holds a number of ArrayList objects. it would throw a class cast exception, because the value returned by the get method of the hash map would be an Array list, but we are trying to cast it to a String. This would cause the exception. At Another t5 = (Another) new Goat(): you will get a ClassCastException because you cannot create an instance of the Another class using Goat. Note: The conversion is valid only in cases where a class extends a parent class and the child class is casted to its parent class. Be careful when trying to cast an object of a class into another class. Ensure that the new type belongs to one of its parent classes. You can prevent the ClassCastException by using Generics, because Generics provide compile time checks and can be used to develop type-safe applications. It is an Exception which occurs if you attempt to downcast a class, but in fact the class is not of that type. It will compile just fine, but at runtime you will get a ClassCastException because o was in fact an Animal, not a Dog. A very good example that I can give you for classcastException in Java is while using "Collection" This above code will give you ClassCastException on runtime. Because you are trying to cast Integer to String, that will throw the exception. It's really pretty simple: if you are trying to typecast an object of class A into an object of class B, and they aren't compatible, you get a class cast exception. Let's think of a collection of classes. You can cast any of these things to Object, because all Java classes inherit from Object. You can cast a reference to an A object to B only if the real object is a B. You can't cast a B to a C even though they're both A's. Could you please add an example code with each points? You are trying to treat an object as an instance of a class that it is not. It's roughly analogous to trying to press the damper pedal on a guitar (pianos have damper pedals, guitars don't). So, for example, when one tries to cast an Integer to a String, String is not an subclass of Integer, so a ClassCastException will be thrown. String s = (String)i; // ClassCastException thrown here. [SOLVED] When to use LinkedList over ArrayList in Java?
0.986083	Where does OPC get its timestamp from? OPC Servers always send OPC Client applications information on the Value, Quality, and Timestamp of an item. But some control systems do not provide a timestamp. In this case, the OPC Server sends the PC timestamp, which is the only timestamp it has available. When the OPC Server connects to control systems that have information on the timestamp, the OPC Server has a choice. It can either use the timestamp from the control system, or it can use the timestamp from the PC. Some OPC Servers even enable the integrator to make this choice. The ability to use the timestamp from the control system and even to select the source of the timestamp is a differentiating feature amongst OPC Servers. The OPC Training Institute recommends that System Architects investigate the timestamp requirements. For example, a high-speed data acquisition to record a Sequence of Events (SOE) typically requires the timestamp to come from the control system. However, if the OPC Server is only used in conjunction with an HMI (Human Machine Interface), the control system timestamp may not be required.
0.998485	Investment ideas: Should I buy now? I have received a query from JS (white labeled name to protect the identity). He has asked me if this is a good time to invest in equity. JS, a Chartered Accountant by qualification, is a leading professional in the field of finance. Since this answer could be of common interest, I thought to post it on the blog. The above table will help you to spread your investment. If you had used it in the previous downfall, then you would find it equally effective. e.g. in 2008, you could have accumulated 46% of stocks between the sensex level of 12600-8400 (bottom). The fact is that these levels offered the best value. However, if you have some other method to follow then you can use that as well. But have a disciplined approach in whatever you do. The success rate will be high. Now in the present case the sensex touched a high of 21000 couple of days ago. So if it goes to 18900 levels or below, which is a drop of 10%, you may invest 10% of total available funds for stocks. If it goes further down then you follow the table given above. If the Sensex goes up then also there is no problem because you have accumulated something to cheer about. - Invest in the stocks which are from long term, low debt, good growth, quality management and are offered at attractive valuations etc. - Some people have doubts that if a stock is undervalued then it is a good at all levels then why not to buy when the stock was trading at 21000? My take is that yes you can buy at any levels and do not wait for market to crash. But when the market was trading at 21000 level, there were very few (hardly any) which were available at discount. Now as you have dips you start taking exposure in those stocks which you feel are good, offering value and qualify on our parameters. Trust this is of help. It seems that your presence has got cold and snow in UK. Should I enter in stocks now or wait? One negative of following this strategy is that we will miss on the long bull runs like that happened between 2003-2008 where the market went from 5000 to 21000. I think we should invest systematically under all conditions. Lets consider a person has 10K to invest every month. When the market is moving up (its at alltime high), he can invest 5K and keep 5K in liquid fund. Thus he will have subtantial cash available with him also he has gained from the bull run. Now, when the market corrects he can use the strategy specified by you. Yes Raj, this can be another excellent strategy to invest and spread investment. In fact it was discussed in one of the last papers of Benjamin Graham and he said that if someone can follow this strategy with discipline then returns are guaranteed.
0.996489	I am trying to find a movie that I have been looking for since I first saw it in the 90s. It’s from late 80s to mid-90s. All I can remember is that a family is looking for a teenage girl, and they find her on a stretcher covered in a sheet inside a large building full of other humans covered in sheets on stretchers. There is also a scene where people are trying to escape in a car, and there are tiny aliens in the back seat trying to attack them. The little aliens apparently can live inside the humans? This was a serious horror film and not a comedy/family type of movie.
0.999683	There are at least 25,000 places to eat in New York City. I won't attempt to rate or review all those restaurants. For that, I suggest you visit rating sites like Zagat's or reader's review sites like Trip Advisor. Instead, I will describe some of the various types of places where you can find good food in New York City. There are thousands of street vendors in New York City selling ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch and dinner at decent prices. There are probably more than a thousand street vendors selling various ready-to-eat foods in New York. They serve their snacks and meals from trucks, trailers, push carts and mobile kiosks. Since the city regulates their sanitation, the food is typically safe. The cost is usually very reasonable, and their offerings are often delicious. In the early morning, most of the vendors do a brisk business selling coffee or orange juice with bagels, muffins or pastries. The typical New Yorker buys a cup of coffee and a muffin or bagel to take to his or her workplace for breakfast. The rest of the day, these street restaurateurs offer an almost endless variety of food. Hot dogs, hamburgers, steak sandwiches, Italian sausage and pizza are the traditional fare served by some of the street vendors, but the varieties of ethnic specialties is vast and exotic. You can find: Mexican tacos, burritos and tamales, Jamaican jerked chicken, Greek gyros, Indian dosas and curry, Middle Eastern falafel and shawarma, Columbian arepa, Austrian schnitzel, Chinese pot stickers, Southern USA barbecue and many others. For those with dietary restrictions, some carts offer kosher foods, halal foods and vegetarian selections. If you want to try some of the street food delicacies in New York City, I suggest you ask a local New York resident for his or her recommendation. Everyone in the city seems to have a favorite delicacy sold by a specific vendor. Years ago, New York City had hundreds of delicatessens, each offering an array of tasty Jewish cuisine. Their daily fare included freshly made corned beef and pastrami sandwiches, hot matzo soup, fruit blintzes and cheesecakes. Today, there are only a few of these original delis remaining, but they are well worth visiting just to sample their excellent cuisine. Two traditional delis are located on Sixth Avenue just a few blocks north of Times Square. They are the Carnegie Deli and the Stage Door Deli; both are famous for their giant sandwiches which contain enough meats and cheeses to feed an entire family. Another traditional deli featuring excellent soups and sandwiches along with other Jewish foods is Katz's Deli in The Lower East Side on Houston Street. New York City's modern delis are typically a combination of convenience store, news stand, fast-food restaurant and take-out food stand. There are hundreds of modern delicatessens scattered all around Manhattan and throughout the other boroughs of New York City. They are typically a combination of convenience store, news stand, fast-food restaurant and take-out food stand. These new-style delis are good places to go for bargain priced meals. Many offer food buffets, salad bars, soup selections, sandwiches, snack foods and an array of beverages at reasonable prices. The food bars are often magnificent arrays or dishes from multiple ethnic cuisines including Japanese sushi, Chinese pot stickers, Jamaican jerked chicken, Italian pizza, African fried plantain, Indian dosas, and an entire array of typical USA foods. Normally, you must take a plastic container, fill it with an assortment of items from the food buffet or from the salad bar, and then present it to the cashier to be weighed. You pay a modest amount dependent upon the weight. Some of the delis have seating, but many people take their food and beverage back to their workplace or to a nearby park for an impromptu picnic. There are more than 25,000 restaurants in New York City. They are scattered all around Manhattan Island and into the surrounding boroughs. There are many varieties at all price ranges. It would not be possible to discuss them all on these pages, but here is a brief guide on where to find some good restaurants. The Times Square area in Central Midtown has a concentration of restaurants to serve the tourist crowds as well as the Broadway theater patrons and the local workers. As you would expect, some of these restaurants cater to the tourist trade by serving mediocre food for expensive prices, however you can also find some very nice quality restaurants if you search for them. The West Side of Midtown between approximately 34th and 59th Streets is commonly known as Hell's Kitchen. Its proximity to the Broadway Theater District makes it a favorite residential community for actors and aspiring actors. It also makes it a convenient eating place for the theater patrons. On and near Ninth Avenue, there is a good selection of fine restaurants including many featuring various ethnic cuisines. New York City's Chinatown is the largest in the United States. Amongst its overcrowded streets are hundreds of restaurants, fruit stands and fish markets. Lower Manhattan is primarily a business and finance center with many overpriced businessmen's restaurants and fast-food luncheon shops, but there are a few notable exceptions. Little Italy, the traditional center of Italian cuisine in New York, is located there; and Chinatown the original Asian-American center of the city is also there. Unfortunately, Little Italy has been squeezed down to only a few short blocks of tourist-oriented Italian restaurants. Chinatown, on the other hand, has expanded to include a large part of the Lower East Side, and contains a large number of authentic, reasonably-priced, Asian restaurants. The East Side of Midtown and the lower part of the Upper East Side has a lot of nice restaurants, but you might be forced to search for them, as they are scattered about these neighborhoods. Harlem, surrounding the upper end of Central Park, has several good Soul Food restaurants serving traditional African-American food. In the other New York City boroughs surrounding Manhattan, there are many good restaurants especially in some of the ethnic enclaves. You can find great Italian food on Arthur Avenue in the Bronx or in the older Italian neighborhoods of Brooklyn. Brighton Beach near Coney Island features many Russian and Ukrainian restaurants. The Asian neighborhood in Flushing offers a wide array of good Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Thai restaurants, while the South American enclave is in nearby Jackson Heights. If you are visiting New York City, you will likely stay in Manhattan near centrally located Times Square. I suggest you venture away from the tourist-oriented restaurants in that area to sample some of the great local cuisine in other neighborhoods. Go west to the Hell's Kitchen area near Ninth Avenue or go east to the Midtown Business District and try some of the fine dining establishments frequented by the local residents. Take a subway downtown for some authentic Asian food in Chinatown. If you have the time, venture out of Manhattan and into the surrounding boroughs to sample some of the great ethnic foods. Go to Arthur Avenue in the Bronx or to the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood for some great Italian cuisine. Go to Flushing near LaGuardia Airport for a variety of excellent Asian restaurants, or to Jackson Heights for some South American cuisine. Try some soul food in Harlem, and don't forget to sample a bit of street cuisine from one of the vendors' food carts. Photo Description: The delicatessens scattered all around Manhattan and throughout the other boroughs of New York City are typically a combination of convenience store, news stand, fast-food restaurant and take-out food stand.
0.993603	Aging is associated with preserved enhancement of emotional memory, as well as with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli, but the neural networks underlying such alterations are not clear. We used a subsequent-memory paradigm to identify brain activity predicting enhanced emotional memory in young and older adults. Activity in the amygdala predicted enhanced emotional memory, with subsequent-memory activity greater for negative stimuli than for neutral stimuli, across age groups, a finding consistent with an overall enhancement of emotional memory. However, older adults recruited greater activity in anterior regions and less activity in posterior regions in general for negative stimuli that were subsequently remembered. Functional connectivity of the amygdala with the rest of the brain was consistent with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli: Older adults showed decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus, but increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. These findings suggest that age-related differences in the enhancement of emotional memory might reflect decreased connectivity between the amygdala and typical subsequent-memory regions, as well as the engagement of regulatory processes that inhibit emotional responses.
0.996802	Enter the temperature in kelvins below to get the value converted to Fahrenheit. Do you want to convert Fahrenheit to kelvins? Insert the [K] temperature measurement in the formula and then solve to find the result. Kelvins and Fahrenheit are both units used to measure temperature. Keep reading to learn more about each unit of measure. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale that uses absolute zero as the starting point. The kelvin is defined in terms of the Boltzmann constant, which is a measure of the energy of motion corresponding to one kelvin. 0 kelvins are equal to −273.15 degrees Celsius, which is the point of absolute zero. The kelvin is the SI base unit for temperature in the metric system. Kelvins can be abbreviated as K, for example 1 kelvin can be written as 1 K. The kelvin scale is different from other temperature scales in that it is not expressed in degrees, values are expressed in kelvins. When using the Kelvin scale in writing, the "k" is capitalized, however when using the kelvin as a unit the "k" should be lower-case, even though it is named for a person.
0.944951	This article is about Nordic ships of the Viking age. For ships named "Viking", see Viking (disambiguation). For other uses, see Viking Ships (disambiguation). A modern replica of a Viking ship. This ship is of the snekkja longship type. The ship has been functioning as the centerpiece of Scandinavian culture for millennia, serving both pragmatic and religious purposes, and its importance was already deeply rooted in the Scandinavian culture when the Viking Age began. Scandinavia is a region with relatively high inland mountain ranges, dense forests and easy access to the sea with many natural ports. Consequently, trade routes were primarily operated via shipping, as inland travel was both more hazardous and cumbersome. Many stone engravings from the Nordic Stone Age and in particular the Nordic Bronze Age, depict ships in various situations and valuable ships were sacrificed as part of ceremonial votive offerings since at least the Nordic Iron Age, as evidenced by the Hjortspring and Nydam boats. The Viking kingdoms developed into coastal towns and forts, all of which were deeply dependent on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea for survival and development. Control of the waterways was of critical importance, and consequently advanced war ships were in high demand. But in fact, because of their overwhelming importance, ships became a mainstay of the Viking religion, as they evolved into symbols of power and prowess. Throughout the first millennium, respectable Viking chieftains and their relatives were commonly buried with an intact, luxurious ship to transport them in the afterlife. Furthermore, the Hedeby coins, among the earliest known Danish currency, have ships as emblems, showing the importance of naval vessels in the area. Through such cultural and practical significance, the Viking ship progressed into the most powerful, advanced naval vessel in Viking Age Europe. Knarr is the Norse term for ships that were built for Atlantic voyages. They were cargo ships averaging a length of about 54 feet (16 m), a beam of 15 feet (4.6 m), and a hull capable of carrying up to 122 tons. Overall displacement: 50 tons. This is shorter than the Gokstad type of longships, but knarrs are sturdier by design and they depended mostly on sail-power, only putting oars to use as auxiliaries, if there was no wind on the open water. Because of this, the knarr was used for longer voyages, ocean going transports and more hazardous trips than the Gokstad type. It was capable of sailing 75 miles (121 km) in one day, held a crew of about 20–30, and knarrs routinely crossed the North Atlantic in the Viking Age, carrying livestock and goods to and from Greenland and the North Atlantic islands. The design of the knarr later influenced the design of the cog, used in the Baltic Sea by the Hanseatic League. The Gokstad ship, on display at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway. With such technological improvements, the Vikings began to make more and more ocean voyages, as their ships were more seaworthy. However, in order to sail in ocean waters, the Vikings needed to develop methods of relatively precise navigation. Most commonly, a ship's pilot drew on traditional knowledge to guide the ship's path. Essentially, the Vikings simply used prior familiarity with tides, sailing times, and landmarks in order to route courses. For example, scholars contend that the sighting of a whale allowed the Vikings to determine the direction of a ship. Because whales feed in highly nutritious waters, commonly found in regions where landmasses have pushed deep-water currents towards shallower areas, the sighting of a whale functioned as a signal that land was near. On the other hand, some academics have proposed that the Vikings also developed more advanced aids to navigation, such as the use of a sun compass. A wooden half-disc found on the shores of Narsarsuaq, Greenland initially seemed to support this hypothesis. However, further investigation of the object revealed that the slits inscribed in the disc are disproportionately spaced, and so the object could not in fact function as an accurate compass. Rather it has been suggested that the instrument is instead a “confession disc” used by priests to count the number of confessions in their parish. Similarly, researchers and historians continually debate the use of the sunstone in Viking navigation. Because a sunstone is able to polarize light, it is a plausible method for determining direction. By showing which direction light waves are oscillating, the sunstone has the potential to show the sun's position even when the sun is obscured by clouds. The stone changes to a certain color, based on the direction of the waves, but only when the object is held in an area with direct sunlight. Thus, most scholars debate the reliability and the plausibility of using a navigational tool that can only determine direction in such limited conditions. Viking sagas routinely tell of voyages where Vikings suffered from being "hafvilla" (bewildered)—voyages beset by fog or bad weather, where they completely lost their sense of direction. This description suggests they did not use a sunstone when the sun was obscured. Moreover, the fact that this same bewilderment could arise when the winds died suggests that the Vikings relied on prevailing winds to navigate, as expected if their skills depended principally on traditional knowledge. One Viking custom was to bury dead chieftains in their ships. The dead man's body would be carefully prepared and dressed in his best clothes. After this preparation, the body would be transported to the burial-place in a wagon drawn by horses. The man would be placed on his ship, along with many of his most prized possessions. The chieftain's favorite horses, often a faithful hunting-dog and occasionally thralls and households, were sacrificially killed and also buried with the deceased. The Vikings firmly believed that the dead man would then sail to the after-life. An example of a Viking ship burial was excavated near the Danish village of Ladby and can be found on display here. The preserved remains of the Oseberg Ship, now located in the Viking Ship Museum (Oslo). Burial of ships is an ancient tradition in Scandinavia, stretching back to at least the Nordic Iron Age, as evidenced by the Hjortspring boat (400–300 BC) or the Nydam boats (200–450 AD), for example. Ships and bodies of water have held a major spiritual importance in the Norse cultures since at least the Nordic Bronze Age. The remains of Skuldelev ship 3 in the Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde). ^ Plural of knarr is knerrir. ^ "Fejl: Siden blev ikke fundet / adgang er ikke tilladt". Vikingeskibsmuseet Roskilde. ^ Ervan G. Garrison (1998). History of Engineering and Technology: Artful Methods. CRC Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8493-9810-0. ^ Stephen Batchelor (30 April 2010). Medieval History For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-470-66460-5. ^ Oscar Noel and Sue Ann Bowling (21 March 1988). "Polar Navigation and the Sky Compass: Article #865". Alaska Science Forum. Retrieved 24 November 2010. ^ Hafvilla: A Note on Norse Navigation, G. J. Marcus, Speculum, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct., 1955), pp. 601–05, Published by: Medieval Academy of America, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2849616 (accessed November 2, 2011). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viking ships. This page was last edited on 9 April 2019, at 19:19 (UTC).
0.999168	A network-based approach that characterizes known targets in signaling networks using topological features. TENET first computes a set of topological features and then leverages a SVM-based approach to identify predictive topological features that characterizes known targets. A characterization model is generated and it specifies which topological features are important for discriminating the targets and how these features should be combined to quantify the likelihood of a node being a target. TENET: topological feature-based target characterization in signalling networks.
0.999873	How am I supposed to answer my son's questions? My son likes to ask these weird questions and I'm not sure how to answer him. For example, the other day he asked me what I would do if he was a little gingerbread man running around in the refrigerator.
0.998638	If your coverall has a flap covering the zipper, you must gently pull it open. Then you will need to disinfect your gloves. Next, tilt your head back and reach for the zipper at the top of the suit, using a mirror to avoid touching the skin. Grasp the zipper with two fingers of one hand without using the other hand on the front of the suit and pull down. Unzip completely. The assistant may help you unzip the coverall, if necessary. The assistant will stand behind you and grasp the outside of the coverall at the shoulders, and pull it off your body in a downward motion until the coverall is off your shoulders completely. The assistant will then reposition his or her hands and roll the suit outward and down the back in a controlled fashion, removing your arms and slowly pulling it down until it's at your waist, being careful not to touch your scrubs or skin. To get the coverall off the rest of the way, you may need to sit down in the clean chair, which will be marked clearly. Grab the coverall, and pull it away from your body, one leg at a time. Once the coverall is off completely, dispose of it.
0.98357	Still scandals triggered by former US client "Edward Snowden" and who worked for years in the US National Security Agency "NSA" interact, where the media revealed a new document leaked by Edward Snowden and reveal espionage carried out by the intelligence services of the five countries size. Since the outbreak of former US client Edward Snowden issue about spyware accounted for the National Security Agency US NSA most of scandals spy on users on the Internet and international communication networks, recent document leaked by Snowden and published by the site The Intercept and Canadian radio CBC reveal greater things So. The leaked document reveals the alliance five countries (America, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and Australia) and is the Alliance, which bears the name of "the eyes of the five / Five eyes" as these countries have developed a new mechanism to enable them to spy on users from Online Shop for Google " Google Play "in addition to the mail store to Samsung. According to the information available and reported by Agence France-Presse, the goal of the Alliance of five eyes from behind the espionage program "Irritant horn" has been debated between the agencies concerned between the years 2011 and 2012 and the primary motivation is to keep piracy user connections with e-store and planting malicious software In their phone or even send false information to some of the target, and information indicates that the five countries had fears of another Arab spring and the spread of popular movements. And this spy operation focused on a number of countries from different continents but especially from Africa and from among the target countries: Sudan, Senegal, Congo, France, Morocco, Switzerland, Cuba, the Bahamas, the Netherlands as well as Russia, and sources indicate that the intelligence services The five were also collect private information about suspected terrorists. And to now have not any of the concerned parties to comment on this new information Whether it is for Google, Samsung or five intelligence agencies and led by the US National Security Agency NSA.
0.999998	HOW CAN I ENSURE MY BABY IS GETTING ENOUGH SLEEP? Every baby is different when it comes to sleep with some babies needing slightly more shut eye than others. That being said, all babies should fall within a normal range (for their age) when it comes to the number of hours they are logging at nap and nighttime. During the day try to let plenty of sunlight into the house or take your baby outside for some fresh air. Implement a soothing bedtime routine. Try putting your child to bed drowsy but awake. Should your wee one wake up at night for a feeding or diaper change keep the lights dim, speak softly, and keep your interactions to a minimum so he/she doesn't fully wake up. Schedule your baby's naps and meals at the same times each day to get him/her used to being in a routine. Late bedtime - letting your child stay up late may be tempting, but this typically leads to an overtired child who then doesn't sleep as well. Having an age appropriate bedtime is most helpful. Overstimulating sleep environment - having mobiles, light machines and entertaining toys in your child's crib/bed are not conducive to sleep. Your child will sleep best in a cool, quiet, and dark environment. Not having a bedtime routine - children benefit from having a predictable, soothing bedtime ritual that helps cue their bodies that it is time to sleep. Not allowing your baby to try to self soothe - it is very natural to want to pick up and comfort your baby the minute he/she starts to cry, but if you do so every time he/she makes a peep you are depriving him/her the opportunity to work on self soothing. Instead of rushing right over, give your baby a few moments to try to self soothe. You can always pick your baby up should he/she not calm after a minute or two. But you never know, your little one may just drift back off to sleep all by him/herself. Only using motion sleep - holding and rocking your child is a wonderful thing. And certainly there is a time and a place for a stroller or car nap (especially for babies under 4 months). But, relying on motion sleep for every nap or to fall asleep every night can be problematic as 1) it can create challenging sleep habits 2) your child will sleep more soundly in his/her crib/bed. Instead, try to use rocking as a form of soothing vs. a way to put your child to sleep. Having multiple sleep environments - consistency is key when it comes to sleep habits. Whether your child sleeps in his/her crib, you safely co-sleep or you room share, it is best to have your child sleep in the same place every night. If your child is bouncing back and forth from crib to bed it can become confusing, which can then in turn disrupt your child's sleep. Instead of sending mixed messages, pick a safe and comfortable place for your child to sleep and stick with it. Engaging in bedtime battles - toddlers and school age children love to test boundaries, which can mean bedtime battles. If you engage in these power struggles, bedtime can become a lengthy and frustrating process for everyone. To avoid the battleground it's best to stick with a consistent bedtime routine, set & enforce clear bedtime rules, and try to anticipate your little one's needs (extra hug, water before bed, etc...) ahead of time.
0.979333	How can we conceptually grasp social policies on the macro level in sub-Saharan Africa? Decommodification and defamilialisation, two key concepts of Esping-Andersen’s seminal typology, are not very helpful to distinguish welfare regimes in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, typologies that have been developed for the Global South hardly consider social stratification. In conclusion, there is no typology including African states that covers all relevant dimensions of welfare and includes education, agricultural, and housing policies. There is also more need for compara-tive research on the drivers of social policies and especially policies that are more likely to reduce inequality.
0.93415	what sherlok holmes character are you? You are Watson--a steady doctor with a love of gambling. You are an excellant fighter, and a decorated ex-army surgeon. In addition to being smart and charming, you have a strong sense of right and wrong. Be careful not to gamble away the rent money. Good luck; London needs you! You are Holmes--a quirky genius with a love of crime-fighting. You are undefeated in the fighting ring, and unsurpassed as a detective. Although you are patriotic and would die for your country, most people annoy you. Be careful not to become too depressed between cases. Good luck; London needs you!
0.999932	The idea implicit in the above paragraph is that there is a level of demand for exposure to risk. By further formalizing this concept, I will show that if we treat exposure to risk as a good, subject to the observed law of supply and demand, then credit default swaps should not create any more exposure to risk in an economy than would be present otherwise and that credit default swaps should be expected to reduce the net amount of exposure to risk. This first article is devoted to formalizing the concept of the price for exposure to risk and the expected payout of a derivative as a function of that price. Derivatives And Symmetrical Exposure To Risk As stated here, my own view is that risk is a concept that has two components: (i) the occurrence of an event and (ii) a magnitude associated with that event. This allows us to ask two questions: What is the probability of the event occurring? And if it occurs, what is the expected value of its associated magnitude? We say that P is exposed to a given risk if P expects to incur a gain/loss if the risk-event occurs. We say that P has positive exposure if P expects to incur a gain if the risk-event occurs; and that P has negative exposure if P expects to incur a loss if the risk-event occurs. Exposure to any risk assigned through a derivative contract will create positive exposure to that risk for one party and negative exposure for the other. Moreover the magnitudes of each party’s exposure will be equal in absolute value. This is a consequence of the fact that derivatives contracts cause payments to be made by one party to the other upon the occurrence of predefined events. Thus, if one party gains X, the other loses X. And so exposure under the derivative is perfectly symmetrical. Note that this is true even if a counterparty fails to pay as promised. This is because there is no initial principle “investment” in a derivative. So if one party defaults on a payment under a derivative, there is no cash “loss” to the non-defaulting party. That said, there could be substantial reliance losses. For example, you expect to receive a $100 million credit default swap payment from XYZ, and as a result, you go out and buy $1,000 alligator skin boots, only to find that XYZ is bankrupt and unable to pay as promised. So, while there would be no cash loss, you could have relied on the payments and planned around them, causing you to incur obligations you can no longer afford. Additionally, you could have reported the income in an accounting statement, and when the cash fails to appear, you would be forced to “write-down” the amount and take a paper loss. However, the derivatives market is full of very bright people who have already considered counterparty risk, and the matter is dealt with through the dynamic posting of collateral over the life of the agreement, which limits each party’s ability to simply cut and run. As a result, we will consider only cash losses and gains for the remainder of this article. The Price Of Exposure To Risk Although parties to a derivative contract do not “buy” anything in the traditional sense of exchanging cash for goods or services, they are expressing a desire to be exposed to certain risks. Since the exposure of each party to a derivative is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, one party is expressing a desire for exposure to the occurrence of an event while the other is expressing a desire for exposure to the non-occurrence of that event. There will be a price for exposure. That is, in order to convince someone to pay you $1 upon the occurrence of event E, that other person will ask for some percentage of $1, which we will call the fee. Note that as expressed, the fee is fixed. So we are considering only those derivatives for which the contingent payout amounts are fixed at the outset of the transaction. For example, a credit default swap that calls for physical delivery fits into this category. As this fee increases, the payout shrinks for the party with positive exposure to the event. For example, if the fee is $1 for every dollar of positive exposure, then even if the event occurs, the party with positive exposure’s payments will net to zero. This method of analysis makes it difficult to think in terms of a fee for positive exposure to the event not occurring (the other side of the trade). We reconcile this by assuming that only one payment is made under every contract, upon termination. For example, assume that A is positively exposed to E occurring and that B is negatively exposed to E occurring. Upon termination, either E occurred prior to termination or it did not. If E did occur, then B would pay to A, where F is the fee and N is the total amount of A’s exposure, which in the case of a swap would be the notional amount of the contract. If E did not occur, then A would pay . If E is the event “ABC defaults on its bonds,” then A and B have entered into a credit default swap where A is short on ABC bonds and B is long. Thus, we can think in terms of a unified price for both sides of the trade and consider how the expected payout for each side of the trade changes as that price changes. Expected Payout As A Function Of Price As mentioned above, the contingent payouts to the parties are a function of the fee. This fee is in turn a function of each party’s subjective valuation of the probability that E will actually occur. For example, if A thinks that E will occur with a probability of , then A will accept any fee less than .5 since A’s subjective expected payout under that assumption is . If B thinks that E will occur with a probability of , then B will accept any fee greater than .25 since his expected payout is . Thus, A and B have a bargaining range between .25 and .5. And because each perceives the trade to have a positive payout upon termination within that bargaining range, they will transact. Unfortunately for one of them, only one of them is correct. After many such transactions occur, market participants might choose to report the fees at which they transact. This allows C and D to reference the fee at which the A-B transaction occurred. This process repeats itself and eventually market prices will develop. The red line indicates the bargaining range. Thus, we can describe each participant’s expected payout in terms of the fee charged for exposure. This will allow us to compare the returns on fixed fee derivatives to other financial assets, and ultimately plot a demand curve for fixed fee derivatives as a function of their price. 5 Responses to "The Demand For Risk And A Macroeconomic Theory of Credit Default Swaps: Part 1" The presumption of linearity is simply wrong.CDSs were written by agents of corporations, whose income is only related to fees and bonuses derived from writing the CDS contracts, not in assuming the risk of those contracts. The corporation alone bears the risk — yes, the agent loses his job when the stuff hits the fan, but he has still made far more money having proceeded in these affairs than had he properly evaluated the risks and sold a tenth of what was actually sold.An economist might want to balance out the risks and rewards, they would certainly propose that those who profited should have all their income returned to the corporation, but even then, the risk-to-reward ratio still favors burdening the corporation with as much risk as possible before the bottom falls out.I am reminded of a job offer I once received in 1980. It was my choice, be paid $5/hour, or $200 a week whether I worked 20 or 80 hours until the weeks work was complete. It took me a millisecond to figure out that if the job exceeded 40 hours, I would simply quit — and I accepted the $200 and never worked more than 20 hours a week.My point is this, this model presumes complete linearity of a perfect spring, but there is no such thing. Consider compression of air, at some point the air is turned into a liquid and stops compressing, in the other extreme, you no longer have a volume that will contain the air. Those who sold the CDS (which should be illegal) behaved in a completely rational way, and I’m a bit jealous, I wish I had the means to ignore an obvious Ponzi scheme as they did and reap the benefits.There is no easy means for economics forecasting, formulas only work in the linear — you should emulate physicists and use computer models that emulate all the transactions and motivations of real people and corporations (as do physicists with individual particles). Whatever these synthetic instruments are, I haven’t seen much evidence that they are socially useful “investments.” Derivatives purport to spread and/or hedge against risk, but given the recent history of them, they appear to concentrate and magnify risk. Regardless of what libertarian wonks like you believe (and I have plenty of libertarian beliefs myself), the political rules dealing with wealth, at best, require positive externalities to society. So far, the negative externalities have been far more evident. Anonymous,What evidence? The news? Some lose connection you have made in your mind between the financial crisis and derivatives? Nonsense. This is a sound theoretical argument that derivatives made the crisis less severe. This is in contrast to your conclusory statement above. To poster number 2, all I would like to say is that the definition of wonk is “a student who studies excessively; a grind.” Either you’re saying that the poster of the article is more on top the economics than you are, or you’re admitting that you don’t know the definition of the word before you use it. Either way – not an impressive showing.Further, what political rules require positive externalities? We live in a free-market democracy. And even if such a rule existed, the argument for positive externalities was well-argued by the wonk that wrote the article. The ability to extract risk and sell it independently allows the market to trade more precise securities – precise in the nature of the risks that you’re exposed to. If you can sell bonds that have significantly lower risk through the use of CDS, then risk-intolerant companies can be secure in their purchase and the riskier investment houses can purchase them. It makes owning and trading securities easier for everyone. How is that not a positive externality? Or, like the word “wonk,” did you also not know what the word “externality” meant? HAHA! I win! Post number 4 is the champion!
0.998557	What do you find interesting about the way Miller presents the character of Abigail in act 1 of the crucible? What I find interesting about Abigail is the power of her conviction; she is after all only seventeen. Whilst all the time knowing she is a fraud. As an audience we are aware of everything that goes on in the play. We see the lengths that Abigail is prepared to go to in order to protect herself. She is prepared to sacrifice the lives of those around her in order to ensure that her own position is not marred. We learn that Abigail is an orphan, which allows Miller to create an opening through which he can draw upon sympathies from the audience. Before Abigail even speaks Miller has created a character with a very appealing set of attributes. She is strikingly beautiful which gives her the ability to ensnare any man as John Proctor finds out. We know from the text that he has fallen victim to Abigail's deadly charm before, and is still tempted by her even now, "I'll cut off my hand before I ever reach for you again". She is young only seventeen so she has all the ways of a woman and yet maintains the vulnerability of a child. This alone is a deadly combination as she can control how your response by playing upon each of these attributes to her advantage. ...read more. Until Abigail gets angry with Parris doubting that, "Her name is not entirely white amongst the village" she responds in a temper, "My name is good in the village!" it is obviously important therefore, for Abigail to have an untarnished name in the village. So when Mary warren threatens to tell the village that they were dancing in the forest, Abigail forces it upon Mary that it will not be taken lightly by the village. Abigail continually enforces the fact that the punishment will be collective, and not received individually. Mary obviously played a lesser part in the activities in the forest than Abigail did. Mary says to Abigail "you'll be whipped" Mary understandably could get away with a much lesser punishment. However, the dominant and persuasive Abigail denies Mary the thought of confessing when she says, "We'll be whipped." With emphasis on the "we". Miller does this, as it is a good way for him to express Abigail's ascendancy over the other characters. Mercy then "moves menacingly toward Mary" this in light of Abigail's actions makes her seem less vindictive as Mercy assumes the role of bully. However I think that it is Abigail who is the real bully toward Mary as she forces her to suffer using psychological means rather than physical means. She lies to Mary saying that she'll be punished just as harshly as all the others when all Mary did was look. ...read more. The reason, I believe, that Miller is showing all these different aspects of Abigail's character is to dispel any doubt in the audiences mind that she appears as she seems. We know that Abigail has succeeded in convincing Reverend Hale (or more likely given him an excuse to accuse Tituba) that it was in fact Tituba who drank blood and forced the others to drink blood because Hale says to Tituba, "when did you compact with the devil?" not even giving her the option to argue that it wasn't her. Whilst all the time we know that it was Abigail who drank blood and forced the others to drink blood as well because Tituba says, "you beg me to conjure! She beg me to drink blood!" as an audience we don't for a second doubt Tituba's words, we believe her to be telling the truth. In the final "crescendo" of the scene where Abigail and Betty both report about seeing the devil it is difficult to see whether Abigail is genuine about wanting to free herself from sin or if she is just acting to make herself seem less guilty and more worthy of sympathy. Her and Betty's accusations free themselves from most of the speculation but not all of it. During this crescendo we see the most interesting aspect of Abigail's character. We can never really be sure if she is genuine or if she is appearing to be genuine. Therefore we may never really see Abigail as such. ...read more. He does not confess to the court he confesses to God, alone which should be enough if Danforth genuinely wants to save his soul. But that is not what Danforth wants he wants to parade the power of theocracy around the village by having John give the piece of paper that he has signed to the court. At his funeral, we see that Willy died a forgotten man because no one except his family came. Character Analysis Willy Lowman The main conflict in Death of a Salesman deals with the confusion and frustration of Willy Lowman. These feelings are caused by his inability to face the realities of modern society. of his play, we encourage an in-depth study of the play's vocabulary. You may wish to have your students: � Look up the definitions of some or all of these words. � Write sentences using some or all of these words. happened in the past, and why things are how they are, now in the present day. An example of this is Biff having not got on with Willy. We understand why, when we see a 'daydream' in Willy's mind of what happened in Boston. Biff found out about Willy's affair. Eddie has been brought up with the strong, passionate Italian/Sicilian codes of honour and loyalty. He thought he had to let Marco and Rodolfo stay because it was the right thing to do ''then what the hell. It's an honour' B., I mean it. Act 1 is very different to act two because in act 2 Eddie begins his downfall and his change from a noble character to a tragic hero. Most of the confrontations and outbursts of action was from Eddie to Rodolfo as he becomes more and more jealous as the play goes on. This effectively controls the distribution of major events in the play and in turn increases the sense of tension felt in the audience awaiting them. The scene that follows these words is further appropriate content to demonstrate the element of suspense employed by Miller.

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