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0.967707 | He plans the murder of Banquo in a most careful and business-like manner. He is greatly affected by the words of the witches. Her husband is sickened with regret, but then goes on to murder whoever gets in his way. Her strength motivates him at the start but after he realises what he has done it is himself that continues in his murderous, bloody path. She, who was so in control of her feelings and destiny as much as admits her guilt to a visiting physician and lady in waiting. She wants him to be less human to not feel anything as normal humans feel so he can commit the murder he would not be able to commit if he was as kind as he usually is.
His boldness and impression of personal invincibility mark him out for a tragic fall. Lady Macbeth decides that she will do everything in her power to make him king. My aim in this essay is to explain what Act 1, scene 7 tells us about the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and what troubles does Macbeth come across and how does Lady Macbeth persuade him to murder King Duncan. Banquo warns Macbeth of consequences of listening to witches. As the plot proceeds his few good qualities disappear, while the evil become more and more developed. Shakespeare describes him as a ruthless, violent but brave soldier through the mouths of admirers.
Calculated Ambition Lady Macbeth first hears of her husband's good fortune in a letter and right at its heels hears that King Duncan is arriving that very night to stay at the Macbeth home. Our first impression of Macbeth is made when we hear about his fearless fighting in the war, and we see him as a brave and loyal general, who will do anything to protect his country. After the murder, she says, 'My hands are of your color, but I shame to wear a heart so white' 2. The scheme is especially shocking because Duncan is a good, decent king. Macbeth is such an honourable man under the eyes of King Duncan and Scotland that he has been given the title of Thane of Glamis for his hard working and brave leadership skills.
In the beginning she is ambitious, controlling and strong. These five killings are different. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King. In a daze, he wanders from the scene of the crime with both bodyguards' knives still gripped in his hands. Macbeth was deceitful and dishonest, therefore following the path of the devil. Although Macbeth is ambitious and wishes to become king he is not comfortable with the idea of killing king Duncan. In this lesson, we will analyze her character and motivations.
Lady Macbeth becomes extremely irrational from the beginning of the play to the end. Macbeth because he is betraying a man who loves and trusts him strictly for ambition. There are three areas that are focused on when seeing if Macbeth was in control of what he did or if fate controlled what happened. Hamlet, once fallen into inaction, sinks deeper and deeper. Shakespeare uses the supernatural beliefs of the people during that era as it created a dramatic atmosphere and it helped indicate that the plot of the story was going to be full of conspiracies and murder. Macbeth teaches us we should not do anything for power or we will be changed and corrupted.
Lady Macbeth intentionally tries to ignore the consequences of her deeds and instead plots to make sure Macbeth is the future king of Scotland. Hamlet, though he loads himself with reproaches of cowardice, yet remains inactive, and never does justice to himself. When Duncan announces he's not born from a women Macbeth realises the witches crafty twist. At the end of the scene she takes full control of the situation, and Macbeth seems glad to let her have the responsibility. As the play progresses, Shakespeare employs Lady Macbeth's character to keep the audience constantly engaged by provoking strong emotional responses to her actions through shocking language and dramatic tension.
These intentions all determined the fate of these characters, as well as the outcome of the play. Hail to thee, Thane of Cowdor! This has showed us the moral change of the character of Macbeth dramatically from being a caring partner to careless partner; this is the second way that the character of Macbeth changes. She is willing to do whatever it took to make Macbeth king. That there were evil thoughts of an ambitious nature in Macbeth from the beginning we may be sure. On the other hand, Macbeth utilizes free will to try to rush time to reach his fate faster. Her lust for power and position drive her to manipulate her husband to murder Duncan, the noble king of Scotland, a close relative. Banquo realises that there must be a trick hidden in the witches prophecies somewhere but Macbeth refuses to accept that, and when Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches her strong desire for ambition and her cold nature leads Macbeth astray.
However once he becomes king, everyone and everything appears to turn against him which leads to his own death at the end of the play. He appears to be half determined to give up the project; but when he meets Lady Macbeth the fall soon comes. The great German authority, Gervinus, has contrasted the characters of Hamlet and Macbeth. Macbeth is a little ambitious at first, but Lady Macbeth's far exceeds his and so she. Lady Macbeth's taunts are not required now to spur him on. She will lose all prestige, power and position she has manipulated into existence. In Act one Shakespeare introduces the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth using a range of dramatic devices.
Shakespeare also uses dramatic devises to highlight Macbeths change. Macbeth says the weather is foul and the deaths of the battle are foul but the victory in the battle is fair. Lady Macbeth is ruthless; literally having blood on her hands doesn't bother her at all. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. He ponders it for a while and thinks that he could risk on having eternal damnation, but he decides not to kill Duncan because Duncan is his kin and his actions will come to harm him.
These two characters make a contrast and stick with the idea that good is bad and bad is good- here Macdonwald being good instead of bad and Macbeth being bad instead of good. Serpents are associated with evil and treachery. As the audience we are given plenty of opportunities to look at the way in which he changes and the influences that help bring about the alteration in character. This is all taking place because Macbeth is starting to feel guilty because of what he is about to do. The ambition of three characters in the play MacBeth was a key factor in the outcome of their fate, MacBeth's ambition for the throne of Scotland, Lady Macbeth's ambition for her husband to have power, and Banquo's lack of ambition for himself. The first scene is set in a battlefield which creates an eerie atmosphere as it links to the prospect of death and danger. |
0.999997 | In order to learn to speak Bosnian, one should practice saying the words. Some possible ideas of ways how to learn to speak Bosnian include: record yourself speaking the Bosnian language and listen for errors. Have a native speaker offer tips on how to improve pronunciation when speaking.
Listen to audio and repeat what you hear; if there are questions being asked then try to respond in Bosnian. Try to watch television programs where they might speak slowly and the pronunciation may be better heard.
Another idea is to listen to Bosnian audio at a slower speed and there are many audio software that allow the user to slow down or speed up the audio. Listening to a slow version might help a beginner to learn to speak Bosnian. Use a dictionary to find the meanings of words and vocabulary. Being able to look up new words is essential.
Set a schedule and practice speaking Bosnian. Stick to the schedule. If there online resources available then use them. Having live chats using the language, listening to media, watching the news in Bosnian, movies with subtitles are good ways to learn words. In addition, using language software, taking classes with a tutor, enrolling in activities where there are large number of speakers are some of the ways to consider when wanting to learn Bosnian.
Speaking with native speakers in the Bosnian language is important in order to learn the language. A native speaker can offer valuable feedback and helpful advice. |
0.999998 | 1. It's time to talk about Git and the importance of source control!
3. You've uploaded a broken file, you don't have a working copy. What do you do?
4. Git to the rescue!
5. Revert the file, upload it again, and life is great!
6. Wow! How does Git work?
7. Sounds great, but how do we use Git?
9. But I promise, using git on the command line is really easy!
11. Cloning an existing repository is just as easy: $ git clone <repo url> This pulls down the entire git history for a given project and lets you manipulate it as if you had created it.
12. Adding files to your repository: $ git add * This will add ALL files in the current directory to your repository.
13. Committing a set of changes: $ git commit -m "My commit message" This will save all staged changes to a reference point you can always restore.
14. Checking a repository's status $ git status This reports which files have been modified, added, removed, etc.
15. Un-staging some edited files: $ git reset This returns all staged files back to being unstaged. It does NOT undo any edits to those files by default.
16. Temporarily store staged edits: $ git stash Think of this as a way of saying, "I'm not ready to do anything with these edits, but I don't want to erase them."
18. Merge a branch back into master: $ git checkout master $ git merge mybranch First we switch back to the master branch, then we merge in all changes from mybranch.
19. Pushing Edits to a remote server: $ git push Yep, that's really all there is to it! |
0.999646 | Background and experience: I had previously been the head of a management consulting information center, but left primarily because they relocated the office.
What matters to me: I wanted to return to work but stay close to my children.
Why I joined: I had no idea what type of work I would find that allowed me to be home for my kids, but I submitted my resume and hoped for the best.
The work I do for them: What was first going to be a short-term assignment has now turned into a steady flow of work with a great company (Ernst & Young). Most of what I do is researching companies, their executives and boards, in order to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley rules. I went into the Boston EY office for half a day of training, and since then the work has all been from home.
How ClickNwork works for me: Because I am contracted out, I use the ClickNWork site just for invoicing. I generate a weekly timesheet that I submit via email, this is turned into an online invoice which I then submit.
Input: I work pretty much full-time. I generally start at 6:00 with work that has been assigned to me the previous evening, then plan my day around the work load once the client staff get in.
Benefits: Aside from being better able to juggle family life by working from home, the lack of commute allows me to get more into a day. The connectivity with EY has worked out very well and I have only had a couple of technical issues that have been quickly resolved. Being on the company's IM and email systems allows me to feel part of the group, and since many people combine working from home with office work, location is never an issue.
What's Next?: I hope the current arrangement will continue. |
0.946868 | China is a large nation in the world with one fifth of the world's population. Who is the father of this large country? It is Huangdi that laid the foundation of Chinese civilization and from whom everyone can find the merits of Chinese people living since ancient times. Under his leadership, prehistoric Chinese tribal life was transformed and presented a new civilized image to the world.
His family lived on Xuanyuan Hill in Xinzheng County, Henan Province, Huang's family name is Youxiong and his first name is Xuanyuan. Because he had a special attachment to the yellow earth, he was called Huangdi by the people ('Huang' in Chinese means yellow symbolizing the yellow earth and 'Di', emperor).
It is recorded that, in the Prehistoric Times, there lived many clans and tribes around the Yellow River and the Yangtze River and Huangdi was the most renowned tribal leader at that time. When the tribe lead by Yandi (Huangdi's close relative) began to decline, Huangdi's tribe was flourishing. During this period, Chiyou often lead his stronger tribe to invade other tribes, and invaded Yandi's tribe. With the help of Huangdi, Chiyou was defeated. Afterward war between Huangdi and Yandi began and when the war ended Huangdi had become the leader of many tribes.
Many outstanding achievements were made during the reign of Huangdi in architecture, science and culture. Palaces and boats were devised, and arithmetic and medicine also began to appear. He instructed his people to plant corn, and invented tools for guiding the direction of travel. With the help of his wife, people began to feed silkworms and spin thread into silk. In addition, characters and musical instruments were invented by his officials. All in all, many creations came from the Huangdi period.
Huangdi was buried on the Mt. Qiao (Bridge) in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, and nowadays Huangdi Mausoleum known as 'The First Mausoleum in China' has been visited by numerous people home and abroad especially on the day of Qingming Festival (April 4th or 5th).
As Huangdi was the first leader with the great moral and superior wisdom that developed early Chinese civilization, the people regard him as the forefather of the Chinese nation and call themselves the offspring of Huangdi.
did he invent kung kung fu? was he the real person who invented kung fu?
Surya, you should understand that there are many kinds of Kung Fu or Martial Arts. It's difficult to figure out who invented Chinese Kung Fu. However, according to the material I read, it was Fu Xi who invented Kung Fu. He was a leader of a tribe but regarded as a God later. He lived in much earlier time than Huang Di.
It was not fuxi that invented kung fu. Huangdi was the one who created kung fu. He created it because he thought it would would be great for the body. Also becuse he was a great philosopher on medicine.
May i know who is chiyou? Because it was not explained there.
Fiona, Chi You is a leader of another clan. He lived in the same period with Huang Di. It is said that he is as powerful as Huang Di. His clan members are also strong. Huang Di and Chi You had a battle in Zhuolu located in Zhangjiakou City. At last, Huang Di united Yan Di and defeated Chi You. |
0.999417 | China on Monday accused Japan's prime minister of hypocrisy and said he would not be welcome in China after he visited a shrine honoring Japan's war dead, the latest sign of worsening ties between the two nations.
Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's visit to the Yasukuni shrine in central Tokyo had seriously hurt relations between the countries and shut the door for dialogue between their leaders.
"Abe's hypocrisy in his claims of prioritizing relations with China and hopes for dialogue with the Chinese leaders has been fully revealed," Qin said at a regular briefing.
"The Chinese people do not welcome him. Now, Abe needs to admit his mistakes to the government and people of China, cut loose from the past and make a new start," he said.
Abe's war shrine visit and China's reaction escalated tensions already running high over a festering territorial dispute. Relations sank to a new low recently after China announced an air defense identification zone that covers a string of uninhabited East China Sea islands controlled by Japan but also claimed by China.
Tokyo has repeatedly called for dialogue to resolve the islands dispute. But Monday's comments show how the shrine visit has added another reason for China to reject talks between President Xi Jinping and Abe on the issue. Xi and Abe had a five-minute exchange on the sidelines of the G-20 summit in Russia in September.
Beijing's remarks add to the steady drumbeat of criticism that Beijing has kept up against Abe since the shrine visit last Thursday. China's foreign minister summoned Japan's ambassador to protest, while other spokespeople from the foreign service and the defense ministry issued scathing criticisms.
Japanese politicians' visits to Yasukuni have long caused friction with China and both Koreas, because the 2.5 million war dead enshrined there include 14 class A war criminals from World War II _ national leaders who were either executed or died in prison or during their trials. Japan colonized Korea and occupied parts of China, often brutally, before and during World War II.
"They are the people who masterminded, launched and carried out the war of aggression against China," China's Qin said of the Japanese war criminals. "Their hands are covered with the blood of the victimized peoples. They are fascists. They are the Nazis of Asia."
It was the first visit to the Shinto-style war shrine by a sitting Japanese prime minister since Junichiro Koizumi went in 2006 to mark the anniversary of the end of World War II. Abe, a nationalist who advocates revising Japan's pacifist constitution, had previously visited Yasukuni while out of office.
In Washington, Marie Harf, deputy spokeswoman for the U.S. State Department, said her government was disappointed by Abe's actions.
"Japan is of course a valued ally and friend. Nevertheless, in this case, we were disappointed that Japan's leadership has taken an action that will exacerbate tensions with Japan's neighbors," Harf said in a statement.
South Korean President Park Geun-hye on Monday also urged Japan not to impair bilateral ties by opening up past colonial wounds.
"I hope that there won't be any act of breaking down country-to-country relations ... by digging up the wounds of the past," Park said during a regular meeting with her aides, according to South Korean media pool reports posted on the website of her office.
Park didn't cite Japan by name but Park's office said she was referring to Japan.
Also Monday, North Korea's state media said that Abe's shrine visit was tantamount to a "declaration of war" against people in Asia and the rest of the world.
"Japan has now turned into a war state deviating to the right and fascism," the official Korean Central News Agency said in a commentary.
Abe has previously said criticism that visits to Yasukuni are an act of worshipping war criminals is based on a misunderstanding. He said he did not intend to hurt the Chinese and Korean people's feelings and expressed conviction that Japan must never wage war again.
Associated Press writer Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul, South Korea, and researcher Zhao Liang in Beijing contributed to this report. |
0.902173 | How to Create a MySQL database by using phpMyAdmin?
If you are unaware of creating a MySQL database by using phpMyAdmin, then you are at the right place. Read the entire article and am sure you will be able to create a MySQL database by using phpMyAdmin at the end of the article.
phpMyAdmin is the most popular web application for MySQL database management system. It is actually a free tool written in PHP scripting language. With the help of this tool, you can create, drop, alter, delete, import, and export MySQL database tables. Then you can run MySQL queries, repair and check tables, optimize, change collation, and can execute other database commands.
Using phpMyAdmin, MySQL database can easily import data and can also import an SQL or CSV dump with just a few clicks. You can even easily export your database in CSV, Excel, XML, SQL, and other popular formats. MySQL is a free open source relational database management system.
It is widely used nowadays all over the world to alternate SQL. MySQL is the modernized way to add, delete, and modify information in the database. You can install phpMyAdmin and MySQL from its official web page and install it in your system.
Step 1: Initially navigate to your phpMyAdmin homepage. It will be located under the directories, depending upon your server setup. Make sure you have logged into phpMyAdmin.
Step 2: Once you enter into the screen, you find a button “Databases” at the top of the screen. Enter the databases button in order to create a database.
Step 3: Once you clicked you will find an option to “create new database” with the text field.
Step 4: Enter the database name that you want to be used and then click the “Create” button.
Now the created database will be present in the left-hand side of the list of databases available.
Now you have set up the new user to access the created database.
Step 5: To set up the new user, click on the “Users account” tab in the main menu and choose the “Add user account” link under the list of available server users.
Step 6: In the Login Information section, type in the username, hostname, and a password in the required fields. You can even press the “Generate Password” button to randomly generate a password for you.
Step 7: Then in the Global privileges section, tick the “Check all” option and then press the “Go” button at the end of the screen.
That’s it, you have created the new user login. You can sign out and then sign in to check the new user login for the database.
It is actually very easy to create to MySQL database using phpMyAdmin. Hope with the help of this article you can create a MySQL database using phpMyAdmin. If you have any queries or suggestions please feel free to comment to us.
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0.999957 | A group of 114 House Democrats signed onto a letter calling on Senate to delay their vote on the confirmation of Judge Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court until a "thorough investigation" is conducted into an allegation he committed an act of sexual assault decades ago.
In the letter, the lawmakers argue it would be inappropriate to move forward with the confirmation without a probe due to the gravity of the accusations.
The letter was spearheaded by Rep. Lois Frankel Lois Jane FrankelDemocrats put harassment allegations against Trump on back burner GOP on defensive over Dem votes on policies geared toward women Endorsements? Biden can't count on a flood from the Senate MORE (D-Fla.), Brenda Lawrence Brenda Lulenar LawrenceHillicon Valley: Washington preps for Mueller report | Barr to hold Thursday presser | Lawmakers dive into AI ethics | FCC chair moves to block China Mobile | Dem bill targets 'digital divide' | Microsoft denies request for facial recognition tech Lawmakers, tech set for clash over AI Bipartisan group asks DHS, ICE to halt deportations of Iraqi nationals MORE (D-Mich.) and Jackie Speier Karen (Jackie) Lorraine Jacqueline SpeierLawmakers offer bipartisan resolution highlighting sexual assault prevention Democrats put harassment allegations against Trump on back burner Speaker in waiting? Rapid rise of Hakeem Jeffries fuels talk MORE (D-Calif.) and sent to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell Addison (Mitch) Mitchell McConnellSenate Republicans tested on Trump support after Mueller Anti-smoking advocates question industry motives for backing higher purchasing age Former Bush assistant: Mueller report makes Obama look 'just plain bad' MORE (R-Ky.), Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer Charles (Chuck) Ellis SchumerHillicon Valley: House Dems subpoena full Mueller report | DOJ pushes back at 'premature' subpoena | Dems reject offer to view report with fewer redactions | Trump camp runs Facebook ads about Mueller report | Uber gets B for self-driving cars Dem legal analyst says media 'overplayed' hand in Mueller coverage Former FBI official praises Barr for 'professional' press conference MORE (D-N.Y.), Judiciary Chairman Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) and ranking member Sen. Diane Feinstein (D-Calif.) on Monday.
"To hold a vote now would be an insult to women and girls, sending a powerful message that they don’t matter and will not be believed. Let’s instead set an example for our children that sexual violence should be taken seriously and emphatically denounced," they wrote.
"If the allegations of sexual assault are true, they speak to Brett Kavanaugh’s character and ability to determine right from wrong. Before giving Kavanaugh power to make decisions about women’s lives, their protection under our laws prohibiting sexual violence, and their physical autonomy, Congress has a responsibility to allow the American people to learn the truth."
The call to delay proceedings comes in the wake of Christine Blasey Ford going public with allegations that Kavanaugh attempted to assault her while they were both in high school. According to Ford, Kavanaugh held her down and sought to prevent her from screaming for help while intoxicated during a party in high school.
Kavanaugh asserts the allegations are "false."
House Democrats said they believe Ford deserves to be heard, referencing the woman who came forward with sexual harassment allegations against then-Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas in 1991.
"In the age of #MeToo, the vitriol that Anita Hill endured cannot happen again, both in our national discourse and throughout any testimony that Dr. Ford chooses to provide," they continued.
"Over this past year, survivors across the country have come forward with harrowing stories of sexual assault and harassment. Their bravery and experiences cannot be in vain," they wrote. "Dr. Ford did not want to go public with her story, knowing the hostility, retaliation, and disbelief she would face. We applaud her courage for risking it all. Now that Dr. Ford has taken the brave step to come forward, we must do all we can to treat her with decency and respect."
The Senate Judiciary Committee has invited Ford to testify before the committee Monday. Kavanaugh is also expected to testify under oath next week. |
0.999494 | Although he was only in the 10th grade, David had been in juvenile court several times.
His offense could be summed up in one sentence: He couldn't read.
The teasing, frustration and embarrassment that came from being a 10th grader unable to read led to much of David's "bad behavior" and "acting out" against teachers and classmates. Eventually, he landed in the principal's office and juvenile court.
Rather than help David read, which would help him overcome his behavioral problems, his teacher in Louisiana's Caddo Parish school system found an easier solution.
She would ask David, whose real name has been withheld to protect his identity, to read to his classmates at the start of every class.
He would struggle with the words on the page. His classmates would laugh.
He would act out, once even taking a swing at a student.
The teacher would remove him from class, allowing the day's lesson to finally begin even though the punishment for David's outbursts opened the door to alternative school and even jail time.
"A child who can't read is a fairly typical situation," said Clay Walker, a Shreveport, La., lawyer who took David's case for the Southern Poverty Law Center. "But instead of getting the help they need they're getting pushed into the juvenile court and jail."
After taking David's case, Walker was able to get David out of alternative school and into a neighborhood school. He has also received remedial reading classes and special education services.
The SPLC has filed a class action complaint against the school district to ensure students with disabilities receive the services they need.
Editor's note: David's name has been changed to protect his identity. |
0.999964 | I think my password was stolen. What should I do?
Follow the same steps described on the article "I lost my password. How do I retrieve it?" |
0.999999 | A number of people are working hard to get the neighborhood's feral cats spayed and neutered and also to keep them fed.
"Feral" traces back to the Latin word "ferus," meaning "wild." Which animal below do you think gets its name from the same Latin word?
English got the word "zebra" from Portuguese, and Portuguese likely got the word from the Latin word "equiferus," meaning "kind of wild horse." ("Equus" is the Latin word for "horse.") "Ferus" plays a role in the history or "ferocious" too. That word can mean "very fierce or violent," as in a "ferocious tiger," and also "very great, extreme," as in "a ferocious appetite." The word "fierce" itself comes from "ferus" too. It shares the first meaning of "ferocious" but can also describe something expressed with force or anger, such as a "fierce argument," or something very harsh or powerful, such as a "fierce storm." |
0.931283 | Do you know why we should be using a water softener system in Calgary?
Water hardness is caused by the presence of two main minerals- magnesium and calcium in ground or surface water. If either of these minerals are present in drinking water i n high levels, the water is considered hard. These minerals are dominantly found in limestone, which dissolves in river systems.
• The minerals can build in taps and other appliances easily.
The hardness of water in Calgary varies seasonally and by location. During spring snow-melt, hardness levels are generally low, while high levels are between December and January. The Bow and Elbow Rivers, which provide water to different parts of the city, have different hardness levels as well.
If you are receiving hard water in Calgary, here are some reasons why you should consider the services of a water softener company.
• streaks on clothes and dishes.
Softened water however, helps rinse soap residues thoroughly, leaving your items cleaner. Hard water is also not great at working with lather clothes as it creates a lot of scum.
Soft water reduces soap you need for cleaning, helping lower the expenses on these products.
• soap scum and film on bathtubs, sinks and showers.
These surfaces stay cleaner and can easily be maintained when soft water is used.
• The deposits can also be found inside appliances such as washing machines, dishwashers and coffee pots.
Over time, these deposits clog up the appliances and eventually cause them to break down.
If you want to increase the lifespan of your appliances in Calgary, then consider softening the hard water and save the money you would have used to replace a broken dishwasher.
Long lasting appliances are also beneficial to the environment as they reduce waste and conserve raw materials and energy used in manufacturing them.
• Sulfur is another mineral that can be found in hard waters. It can make someone extremely ill and in some drastic cases, may result to death. However, this is not very common, but it can happen.
• Though helpful is the magnesium and calcium, they are only needed at certain levels.
Water softeners help remove these minerals and provide good tasting drinking water.
The buildup of scaly deposits left by hard water in your home’s plumbing pipes and fixtures can cause corrosion and clogs that shorten the plumbing system.
Water softening systems reduce mineral deposits by minimizing their buildup and reduces corrosion and clog risks as well. This greatly helps in extending the life of your plumbing system and helps the fixtures operate more effectively.
Hard water can cause mineral buildup on the body, interfering with soap lathering so the skin and hair do not get clean. Soft water however, not only feels comfortable on the skin and hair, but is generally healthier.
Calgary, drinking water, health, water softener, wellness. Bookmark. |
0.999173 | Appoint OpenXcell dedicated IoT developers from the top Internet of Things Companies in India for IoT app development services.
As a prominent IoT solutions provider, OpenXcell builds next-generation IoT apps that create opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems and results in improved accuracy, efficiency, and economic benefit.
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects everything to everyone in this world and makes it a smarter place. It gives a new chance to the current and the upcoming businesses. The Internet of Things service enables organizations to modify their business needs as per the requirements of the market by obtaining unique Internet of Things solutions.
OpenXcell provides leading Internet of Things Solutions and Services, allowing businesses to get maximum benefits of IoT technology. We work with enterprises and organizations and provide entire IoT development solutions to them.
We design and develop IoT solutions and services by identifying and evaluating the software platform with rich solution architecture. IoT Solutions help in building smart devices connected to the internet and shares data.
With the emergence of smart devices and smart sensors, the internet of things has surpassed the title of the next big thing. In recent times, IoT consulting has become the key to disruptive technology has it affects all the enterprises. Our IoT consultants provide IoT consultancy services that can deal with today’s ultimate demanding business issue.
We connect the Internet Of Things solutions with your ERP, CRM, to make IoT data eagerly available across the enterprise. Our IoT integration service has a standards-based reference architecture and data is more reachable which makes it easy to oversight the IoT devices. It provides end-to-end certainty and the IoT architecture that protects hardware devices.
With our app IoT support and maintenance services, we provide solutions with endless updates and upgrades. We deliver support & maintenance services that enable the user to engage the internet of things applications smoothly.
We follow a complete QA strategy that covers the depth of IoT testing. Our Internet Of Things testing approach includes the types of testing, testing tools, and simulators. Our testing services include usability testing, compatibility testing, data integrity testing, and security testing.
Why Choose IoT Development Services Of OpenXcell?
At OpenXcell, we adopt the global delivery standards and best industry practices with the usage of modern frameworks and tools to analyze, design, develop, test, and maintain the custom IoT solutions.
Our team of expert IoT developers serves with the IoT solutions & services that are scalable and secure.
We execute the IoT app development with agile methodology approach which is ideal for effective software development.
Fill out the request form right now. You can even drop your project inquiry at [email protected] or call us at +1-(888)-777-4629. Our sales executive will get back to you to guide you through your needs and recommend the best IoT solution & services for your business. |
0.990619 | The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey have been generally peaceful since establishment of the modern states, but sometimes have also been strained. Iran and Turkey are major trade partners. Turkey has an embassy in Tehran, and consulates in Tabriz and Urmia. Iran has its embassy in Ankara, and consulates in Istanbul, Erzurum, and Trabzon.
On 22 April 1926 the First "Treaty of Friendship" between Iran and Turkey was signed in Tehran. The basic principles included friendship, neutrality and nonaggression towards each other. The agreement also included possible joint actions to groups in the territories of both countries which would try to disturb peace and security or who would try to change the government of one of the countries. This policy was indirectly aimed at the internal problems both countries had with their Kurdish minorities.
On 23 January 1932 the first definitive frontier treaty between Turkey and Iran was signed in Tehran. It should be mentioned that the border between Turkey and Iran is one of the oldest in the world and has stayed more or less the same since the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, and the Treaty of Zuhab. In other words, this 1932 treaty was basically the rubber-stamping of the centuries old status quo. On the same day the countries signed a new Treaty of Friendship, as well as a Treaty of Conciliation, Judicial Settlement and Arbitration.
Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with Reza Pahlavi I, the Shah of Iran, Ankara, June 1934.
Between 16 June and 2 July 1934, Reza Shah Pahlavi visited Turkey, together with a mission of high-ranking officials, among which General Hassan Arfa, at the invitation of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Several regions in Turkey were visited and attempts at close friendship and cooperation between the two leaders were made. Reza Shah Pahlavi was reportedly impressed by the republic''s modernization reforms and he saw this as an example for his own country.
On 8 July 1937 a Treaty of Non-aggression was signed between Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan. This treaty would become known as the Treaty of Saadabad. The purpose of this agreement was to ensure security and peace in the Middle East.
In August 1955 CENTO (Central Treaty Organization), a mutual security-pact between Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan and Britain was established.
In July 1964 the RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development), aimed at joint economic projects between Iran, Turkey and Pakistan was established.
A period of coldness passed after the 1979 Iranian Revolution which caused major changes in Iran and the Middle Eastern status quo. Today Iran and Turkey closely cooperate in a wide variety of fields that range from fighting terrorism, drug trafficking, and promoting stability in Iraq and Central Asia.
In May 2010, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan made an unscheduled trip to Tehran in coordination with Brazilian President Lula da Silva to make an agreement to outsource Iranian uranium enrichment to his country to avoid further sanctions on Iran. In supporting Iran after the agreement Erdogan turned the question back on the international community. "In fact, there is no nuclear weapon in Iran now, but Israel, which is also located in our region, possesses nuclear arms. Turkey is the same distance from both of them. What has the international community said against Israel so far? Is this the superiority of law or the law of superiors?" This comes after growing pressure from the U.S.A. and the U.K. to support sanctions against Iran.
The decision of Turkey to host a radar system to track missiles launched from Iran has been seen by the Iranians as a serious break in relations.
Turkey, the largest NATO member in the region, hosted the establishment of a NATO missile shield in September 2011. The establishment of NATO defense shield has caused a crisis between Turkey and Iran. Iran claimed that the NATO missile shield is a US ploy to protect Israel from any counter-attack should Israel target Iran''s nuclear facilities. In addition, Iranian Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stated that Turkey should rethink its policies over Syria, the NATO defense shield, and promotion of secularism over the Arab world following the Arab Spring.
Iranian Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi also expressed his opinion over the situation. "The behaviour of Turkish statesmen towards Syria and Iran is wrong and, I believe, they are acting in line with the goals of America," he told to MNA. "If Turkey does not distance itself from this unconventional political behaviour it will have both the Turkish people turning away from it domestically and the neighbouring countries of Syria, Iraq and Iran reassessing their political ties." he also added.
Turkey stated that the NATO system neither cause threat to a nation nor target any particular nation. Turkish Minister of National Defense, İsmet Yılmaz, insisted that NATO missile defense system''s aim is to secure Europe, adding that it''s also for security of Turkey.
On October 23, 2011, the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Iran over United States'' presence in Turkey. “Iran would be badly miscalculating if they did not look at the entire region and all of our presence in many countries, both in bases and in training with NATO allies, like Turkey,” Clinton said.
In November 2011, the head of the Iranian Guard''s aerospace division threatened to strike Turkey if other countries attacked Iran.
Iran''s relations with Turkey have further soured over Turkey''s growing leadership position in the region since the dawn of the Arab Spring. Iran firmly backs the Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad for decades, while Turkey supports the Syrian opposition.
Iran and Turkey also have very close trade and economic relations. Both countries are part of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). Turkey receives many Iranian tourists each year and economically benefits from Iranian tourism.
Bilateral trade between the nations is increasing. In 2005, the trade increased to $4 billion from $1 billion in 2000. Iran’s gas export to Turkey is likely to be increased. At present, the rate is at 50mm cm/d. Turkey imports about 10 billion cubic meters a year of gas from Iran, about 30 percent of its needs. Turkey plans to invest $12 billion in developing phases 22, 23 and 24 of South Pars gas field, a senior Iranian oil official told Shana.ir. Two-way trade is now in the range of $10 billion (2010), and both governments have announced that the figure should reach the $20 billion mark in the not too distant future. 50 percent of the gas from three phases of Iran’s South Pars gas field will be re-exported to Europe. Turkey has won the tender for privatization of Razi Petrochemical Complex valued at $650 million (2008). On tourism, every year one million Iranians visit Turkey.
Iranian First Vice President Mohammad-Reza Rahimi announced in October 2012 that the speed of trade exchanges between Iran and Turkey has accelerated and was close of reaching the goal of 30 billion dollars per year. He added that the growing trade relations between Tehran and Ankara indicate the two countries’ willingness to strengthen mutual ties.
Turkey and Iran vowed to collaborate in their fight against terrorists in Iraq, as thousands of Turkish troops pressed ahead with an air and ground offensive against the militants in northern Iraq. Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi claimed that the deaths of Turkish soldiers might have been avoided if the United States had informed Turkey that the terrorists were infiltrating into Turkey with heavy weaponry. The U.S. shares intelligence from surveillance drones with Turkey about movement of the PKK along the border.
The Turkish government shut down a probe that revealed connections between the Iranian Revolutionary Guard and the highest levels of the Turkish government.
The Turkish Republic''s ties with Israel have caused various minor economic and bilateral disputes between the nations. However, Turkey''s somewhat neutral stance in the disputes between Israel and Iran has caused such disputes to die down. The growing trade relations between Tehran and Ankara as analysts support indicate the two countries’ willingness to strengthen mutual ties.
In a 2012 Pew Global Attitudes American organization based in Washington, D.C. Survey, 26% of Turks viewed Iran favorably, compared to 55% which viewed it unfavorably. 54% of Turks oppose Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons, 46% consider a nuclear-armed Iran somewhat a "threat". Turks are less concerned about Iran being a threat, 37% of Turks believe that Iran is not a threat at all, which is the most between survived countries. Only 34% of Turkey population approve of "tougher sanctions" on Iran in compare with 52% of Turks disapproving sanction. While 26% support use of military force to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. 35% of Turks view President Ahmadinejad favorably, with 48% viewing him unfavorably. According to a 2013 BBC World Service poll, 17% of Turks view Iran''s influence positively whereas 57% expressing a negative view. |
0.967657 | Implement [[pooling]] in the function <tt>cnnPool</tt> in <tt>cnnPool.m</tt>.
Implement [[pooling]] in the function <tt>cnnPool</tt> in <tt>cnnPool.m</tt>. You should implement ''mean'' pooling (i.e., averaging over feature responses) for this part.
First, we want to compute σ(Wx(r,c) + b) for all valid (r,c) (valid meaning that the entire 8x8 patch is contained within the image; as opposed to a full convolution which allows the patch to extend outside the image, with the area outside the image assumed to be 0) , where W and b are the learned weights and biases from the input layer to the hidden layer, and x(r,c) is the 8x8 patch with the upper left corner at (r,c). To accomplish this, one naive method is to loop over all such patches and compute σ(Wx(r,c) + b) for each of them; while this is fine in theory, it can very slow. Hence, we usually use Matlab's built in convolution functions which are well optimized.
Observe that the convolution above can be broken down into the following three small steps. First, compute Wx(r,c) for all (r,c). Next, add b to all the computed values. Finally, apply the sigmoid function to the resultant values. This doesn't seem to buy you anything, since the first step still requires a loop. However, you can replace the loop in the first step with one of MATLAB's optimized convolution functions, conv2, speeding up the process significantly.
However, there are two important points to note in using conv2.
To each of convolvedFeatures, you should then add b, the corresponding bias for the featureNum-th feature. If you had not done any preprocessing of the patches, you could then apply the sigmoid function to obtain the convolved features. However, because you preprocessed the patches before learning features on them, you must also apply the same preprocessing steps to the convolved patches to get the correct feature activations.
Implement pooling in the function cnnPool in cnnPool.m. You should implement mean pooling (i.e., averaging over feature responses) for this part.
Now that you have a trained softmax classifier, you can see how well it performs on the test set. These pooled features for the test set will be run through the softmax classifier, and the accuracy of the predictions will be computed. You should expect to get an accuracy of around 80%. |
0.984647 | The championship week is the culminating microcycle of training for a long macrocycle of aerobic and anaerobic development. Unlike team sports, the “championship week” in cross country varies from athlete to athlete and from team to team.
For some members of the team it may be the week of the Conference Meet and for others the week of the Section Championships. For the elite teams it may be the week of the State Championships, or it may go as far as Nike Regionals or Nationals. Whatever the meet, championship week is the crucial lead-up to the biggest and most important competition of the year for the athlete or team.
All of these bio-chemical indicators would be very positive signs for a cross country runner at the brink of high-level fitness. The final steps for the coach is to have the athlete well-rested for the championship meets while maintaining the hormone, protein signalers, and enzymes that must remain present for the maintenance of top-level fitness.
The competitive period can be 3-4 weeks in length and may include up to three races. The older and more experienced the runner, the longer the competitive period may be. The championship week is one week in length and is a subset of the competitive period. This important week is seven days long where fitness and strength in the athlete will only improve due to specific rest and recovery of the body’s systems. The pitfalls in this scenario are that rest and recovery may be too great and lead to a loss in the runner’s physiological fitness, or the work level may remain too high so that rest and recovery is never really complete.
During the competitive period, a run of less than 20 minutes in duration provides an inadequate physiological stimulus to the body’s systems if done at aerobic threshold pace.
The anaerobic energy system requires a strong stimulus every three days during the competitive period to retain high-level fitness.
The aerobic energy system requires a strong stimulus every four days during the competitive period to retain high-level fitness.
This all leads to the Goldilocks Principle. Do not prescribe too much or too little work during championship week. Design a workout scheme that is “just right”.
Imagine that the state cross country championships are in seven days. Let’s work through a solid training scheme that provides adequate rest and recovery for strength gains, but stresses the aerobic and anaerobic systems enough to retain the high-level fitness that the athletes have gained over the season. The training scheme must also be designed to provide the psychological stimulus that is so important for the runners’ confidence and self-esteem at this time of the year.
Be careful not to over-coach the team during championship week and try to maintain the same coaches personality type that the team members usually see. Continue to stress the strong active warm-ups and the gentle cool-downs that are important at all times of the year.
Sunday: This day (done on there own) will focus on a five-six mile recovery day, but done more quickly than aerobic threshold pace. It should take about 40-45 minutes to accomplish the run.
Monday: Special endurance 1 is the focus. Done barefoot or shod on the grass. Place three or four cones in a grassy field or park and have the athletes run hard for 40 seconds. Do four repetitions of this with six minutes of active recovery between.
Tuesday: This day will focus on a four-five mile recovery day at aerobic threshold pace. It should take about 35-40 minutes to accomplish the run.
Wednesday: Special endurance 2 is the focus. This is the last anaerobic stimulus before the state meet. The extent of the workout is two repetitions of 600 meters done on the track with 16 minutes active recovery between the two efforts. The time goal is to replicate the time on the second attempt.
Thursday: This day will focus on about a four mile recovery day at aerobic threshold pace. It should take about 30-35 minutes to accomplish the run.
Friday: A two mile easy run and that is it. This is for psychological reasons only, so do not over coach the day.
Saturday: State Cross Country Meet.
The championship week is a very fun time of the training year. It will be the most memorable week of the season for the coach and athletes for years to come. Everybody should just enjoy the experience and get the proper rest and recovery to compete strongly in the race and do not worry about what cannot be under the control of the team. |
0.956676 | Development of an original flagship store concept – Interior design and layout, Network roll-out, Project management.
- Re-establish a balance between the quality of the Lacoste product range and the standing of the Lacoste stores.
- Incite customers to re-appropriate the flagship store on the Champs-Elysées and visit both floors, despite the lack of an escalator and the two separate street entrances.
- Organise and promote the entire product range to the customers, presenting it in such a manner that they perceive its richness, understand its structure and discover the product offering intuitively, in a customer-friendly atmosphere that generates purchases.
- Create a concept that perpetuates the brand’s history and intangible heritage, builds on the Lacoste myth, and can easily be rolled-out world wide, including in historical buildings (forexample, in New York).
- Revitalise the customer flow in the Champs-Elysées store by redefining the zoning: create a refined, balanced and harmonious environment, whose rhythm is punctuated by strong experiential zones that draw customers in and invite them to pursue their exploration.
- Open and widen the space by doing away with as many obstacles as possible, thus creating optimal ambulatory comfort and visual impact. |
0.999539 | Politico - Intense backlash from women's groups may have pushed former Clinton Treasury Secretary Larry Summers off the short-list to lead Treasury for President-elect Barack Obama, according to widespread reports circulating in Democratic circles. The women's opposition to a possible Summers' appointment was the explanation some Democratic sources are hearing for why the Obama transition team has crossed Summers off their list. The Obama team doesn't want to kick off its administration with a controversy nor go head-to-head with an important constituency when there are other qualified candidates, political operatives speculate. . . The Summers backlash rises out of a controversial 2005 comment he made as president of Harvard University that innate differences between men and women might be one reason fewer women succeed in science and math careers. Coming on top of other tensions with faculty, the incident led to his ouster as president.
Paul Street, Z Mag - Ryan Lizza noted in The New Yorker last July, "Perhaps the greatest misconception about Barack Obama is that he is some sort of anti-establishment revolutionary. Rather, every stage of his political career has been marked by an eagerness to accommodate himself to existing institutions rather than tear them down or replace them" Obama's business-friendly centrism has helped him garner an astonishing, record-setting stash of corporate cash. He has received more than $33 million from the finance-real-estate and insurance sector. His winnings include $824,202 from the leading global investment firm Goldman Sachs. He has been consistently backed by the biggest and most powerful Wall Street firms. At the same time and by more than mere coincidence, Obama has enjoyed a remarkable windfall of favorable corporate media coverage. That media treatment is the key to Obama's success in winning support and donations from the middle-class and from non-affluent people . . .
Firedog Lake - "There was a high percentage of minority vote," [Saxby] Chambliss told Alan Colmes, "but we weren't able to get enough of our folks out on election day.". . . During the fall Senate campaign, Chambliss cautioned his followers that "the other folks" are voting. The senator added that the "rush to the polls by African-Americans" has "got our side energized early, they see what is happening."
Ballot Access News From preliminary election returns, it appears that these are the best counties for five particular presidential candidates: Nader: Morgan County, Tennessee 5.2% Barr: Esmeralda County, Nevada, 2.7% Baldwin: Millard County, Utah, 5.6% McKinney: either St. Bernard or LaFourche Parish, both in Louisiana, each 1.1% Brian Moore: Essex County, Vermont, 2.1%. . . For the major parties, McCain's best county is King County, Texas, at 93.2%; Obama's best jurisdiction is Washington, D.C., which gave him a higher percentage than any county in any state, 92.9%. Aside from D.C., Obama's best county is Prince Georges County, Maryland, 89.1%.
A study finds that if no one over 65 had voted, Prop 8 would have failed by a point or two.
Angus Crawford, Common Dreams - On 3 December, more than 100 countries, including the UK, will sign a treaty banning cluster bombs. . . Cluster bombs have been used in countries including Cambodia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Lebanon, and were used in the conflict in Lebanon in 2006. Those who ratify the convention in December will then have eight years to get rid of their stockpiles of the weapons. . . But the world's biggest users - Israel and the USA - will not sign this treaty. Nor, it's thought, will China, Russia, India and Pakistan.
Mark Schoofs, Wall Street Journal - The startling case of an AIDS patient who underwent a bone marrow transplant to treat leukemia is stirring new hope that gene-therapy strategies on the far edges of AIDS research might someday cure the disease. The patient, a 42-year-old American living in Berlin, is still recovering from his leukemia therapy, but he appears to have won his battle with AIDS. Doctors have not been able to detect the virus in his blood for more than 600 days, despite his having ceased all conventional AIDS medication. Normally when a patient stops taking AIDS drugs, the virus stampedes through the body within weeks, or days. . . . The breakthrough appears to be that Dr. Hutter, a soft-spoken hematologist who isn't an AIDS specialist, deliberately replaced the patient's bone marrow cells with those from a donor who has a naturally occurring genetic mutation that renders his cells immune to almost all strains of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. . . . While cautioning that the Berlin case could be a fluke, David Baltimore, who won a Nobel prize for his research on tumor viruses, deemed it "a very good sign" and a virtual "proof of principle" for gene-therapy approaches.
NY Times - The city may never sleep, but some of its buildings do. . . Motion sensors ensure that unoccupied offices, storerooms and canteens go dark after workers and cleaning crews leave at night. Dimmers soften overhead lights that once could burn only bright or not at all. Timers guarantee that buildings fade to black while the city sleeps. Gone are the days when cheap electricity, primitive lighting technology and landlords' desire to showcase their skyscrapers kept floor after floor of the city's highest towers glowing into the night. Now, rising energy costs, conservationism, stricter building codes and sophisticated lighting systems have conspired to slowly, often imperceptibly, transform Manhattan's venerable nightscape into one with a gentler glow. Instead of tower after tower shining at all hours - the World Trade Center stayed aglow long after its occupants went home - the skyline is becoming a patchwork of sparsely sparkling buildings decorated with ornamentally lighted tops.
Tree Hugger - For a year and a half, HP and UPS have been working together to develop a scanner/printer that prints sorting labels directly on packages. . . According to UPS's estimates, it will save about 92,456 hours year through increased productivity, save about 1,338 tons of paper, and reduce carbon emissions by 3,807 tons each year. The HP Handheld sp400 All-in-One was tested in Orlando Florida, where it was used on 40,000 packages per day with zero errors. The device scans the label, and prints sorting information directly on the package with fast-drying ink designed by HP. It replaces the previous system that included a large thermal printer, PC, monitor and scanner, which hopefully means a lot less electricity and e-waste in addition to all the other savings.
Tree Hugger - Don't adjust your monitors: Natural light has become 10 to 25 percent dimmer in cities such as Beijing, Karachi, Shanghai and New Delhi as 3-km thick "brown clouds" of pollution spread across Asia and elsewhere, according to a new UN report. The smog cloud stretches from the Arabian Peninsula to the Yellow Sea. During the spring, it sweeps across Asia past North and South Korea and Japan, and sometimes drifts as far east as California and Oregon. According to the report, India as a whole had become darker by about two percent per decade between 1960 and 2000, while China had lost its natural light by about three percent to four percent per decade from the 1950s to the 1990s.
Food and Water Watch - American consumers drink more bottled water every year, in part because they think it is somehow safer or better than tap water. Rather than buying into this myth of purity in a bottle, consumers should drink from the tap. Bottled water generally is no cleaner, or safer, or healthier than tap water. In fact, the federal government requires far more rigorous and frequent safety testing and monitoring of municipal drinking water. In some cases, beverage companies use misleading labels, including marketing bottled tap water as spring water. In fact, as much as 40 percent of bottled water is bottled tap water. Furthermore, the production of bottled water causes many equity, public health, and environmental problems. The big beverage companies often take water from municipal or underground sources that local people depend on for drinking water. Producing the plastic bottles uses energy and emits toxic chemicals. Transporting the bottled water across hundreds or thousands of miles spews carbon dioxide into the air, complicating our efforts to combat global climate change. And in the end, empty bottles are piling up in landfills.
Tree Hugger - Earth Friendly Product's 'New Wave High-Performance Auto Dishwasher Gel' held its own against Cascade in an independent study showing that these phosphate-free cleaners can perform just as well as conventional cleaners. . . Both solutions performed equally well when it came to removing dirt and grime from dishes. Then dishes were inspected for spotting and filming and both received high scores.
Osama bin Laden is alive and "putting a lot of energy into his own security," the director of the CIA, General Michael Hayden, said today. laden hayden Osama bin Laden is alive and hiding in Pakistan, said CIA chief Michael Hayden today, though the terrorism leader has little oversight of the al Qaeda daily operations.
He also claimed, without providing details, that the US intelligence community had disrupted an attack "that would have rivaled the destruction of 9/11." A senior intelligence official said Hayden was referring to the 2006 liquid bomb on airliners plot that was foiled in London.
Jeff Stein, CQ - Considerable anxiety has been expressed about the possibility of al Qaeda taking advantage of the handoff of security agencies from the Bush administration to the incoming Obama team. But according to CIA Director Michael V. Hayden, all's very quiet on the Western front. For the moment.
Hayden, who headed the eavesdropping National Security Agency before taking the CIA job, said Thursday there had been "no increased chatter" about plots picked up by U.S. intelligence, according to my CQ colleague Tim Starks, who covered Hayden's appearance at The Atlantic Council of the United States, a nonpartisan think tank in Washington. "We do not see any real or artificial spike" in that chatter as a result of the election, Hayden said in answer to a question after his speech. On the other hand, Hayden said, "We don't know what we don't know."
This Thanksgiving it is more important than ever to pay attention to what we have to be thankful for. For me, it's health, family, friends the ability to pay bills and gratitude that I have the discipline to continue to exercise and eat well and think clearly. |
0.999635 | United States federal judge strikes down Obamacare as unconstitutional There is not now a viable alternative to the law that can pass the House and Senate and get signed into law by President Trump . Nancy Pelosi, who is expected to become House speaker in January, vowed to fight what she called an "absurd ruling ".
Trump calls Michael Cohen a 'Rat' in tweetstorm In April of this year, the Federal Bureau of Investigation raided Cohen's office for documents related to the payments. In his statement ahead of his sentencing , Cohen, at times close to tears, apologized and said "blind loyalty" to Mr.
The team with the best record in their respective conferences will receive a first-round bye.
The changes were in response to criticism that the league did not do enough to reward top seeds. In past seasons, the breaks have taken place during the MLS playoffs, forcing a pause and interrupting the postseason momentum.
MLS had begun the two-legged format in 2003.
The league expands to 24 teams with the addition of Cincinnati next year, and 14 teams will make the playoffs.
The upcoming MLS season begins on March 2 and will consist of 34 matches.
Major League Soccer's playoffs are going to look quite different moving forward.
Each of the two conference winners will get first-round byes and be joined in the conference semi-finals by the winners of the three first-round series.
Recovery time between regular season and postseason: Following the regular season, playoff teams will have the October FIFA break to prepare for the playoffs, providing clubs with time to promote the postseason and sell tickets. Federation Internationale de Football Association global breaks can come at inconvenient times, notably in the middle of the MLS playoff schedule. An analysis of the league's cold-weather markets showed that there is a 10- to 17-degree (°F) difference in temperature with the new timeframe compared to playing matches in late November and early December. |
0.818965 | The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit, literally meaning "leading out", "education", "discipline") is the regulatory framework for the sangha or monastic community of Buddhism based on the canonical texts called the Vinaya Pitaka. The teachings of the Gautama Buddha can be divided into two broad categories: Dharma "doctrine" and Vinaya "discipline".
Extant vinaya texts include those of the Theravada (the only one in Pali), the Kāśyapīya, the Mahāsāṃghika, the Mahīśāsaka, the Dharmaguptaka, the Sarvāstivāda and the Mūlasarvāstivāda.
At the heart of the Vinaya is a set of rules known as Patimokkha in Pāli and Prātimokṣa in Sanskrit. The Vinaya was orally passed down from the Buddha to his disciples. Eventually, numerous different Vinayas arose in Buddhism, based upon geographical or cultural differences and the different schools of Buddhism that developed. Three of these are still in use: Theravadin (Theravada), Mulasarvastivadin (the schools of Tibetan Buddhism) and Dharmaguptakin (East Asian Buddhism). The Vinayas are the same in substance and have only minor differences.
Buddhists in China, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam follow the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (四分律), which has 253 rules for the bhikkhus and 348 rules for the bhikkhunis. Some schools in Japan technically follow this, but many monks there are married, which can be considered a violation of the rules. Other Japanese monks follow the Bodhisattva Precepts only, which was excerpted from the Mahāyāna version of Brahmajālasutra (梵網經). And the Bodhisattva Precepts contains two parts of precepts: for lay and clergy. According to Chinese Buddhist tradition, one who wants to observe the Bodhisattva Precepts for clergy, must observe the Ten Precepts and High Ordination [Bhikkhu or Bhikkhunī Precepts] first.
Tibetan Buddhists in Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia, Nepal, Ladakh and other places follow the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, which has 253 rules for the bhiksus and 364 rules for bhiksunis. In addition to these pratimokṣa rules, there are many supplementary ones.
The full nun's lineage of the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya was never transmitted to Tibet, and traditionally, Tibetan "nuns" were śramaṇerīs or simply took eight or ten Precepts, see ordination of women in Buddhism.
If he thinks or says, "A future buddha has nothing to do with learning or observing the law of the Vehicle of the Śrāvakas," he commits a sin of pollution (kliṣṭā āpatti).
From the disciplinary point of view, the Mahāyāna is not autonomous. The adherents of the Mahāyāna are monks of the Mahāsāṃghika, Dharmaguptaka, Sarvāstivādin and other traditions, who undertake the vows and rules of the bodhisattvas without abandoning the monastic vows and rules fixed by the tradition with which they are associated on the day of their Upasampad [full ordination].
The Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit of the rules that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."
Surrounding the rules is a range of texts. Some of these explain the origins of the rules - it is possible to trace the development of the rules from responses to specific situations or actions to a general codification. There are also a number of sutta-like texts that are more general statements about Buddhist doctrine, or that give biographical details of some of the great disciples and their enlightenment. Other sections detail how the rules are to be applied, how breaches are to be dealt with, and how disputes amongst the monks are handled.
It is thought that originally there were no rules and the Buddha and his disciples just lived in harmony when they were together. Most of the time they would have been wandering alone, but every year, during the monsoon season when travelling became impossible, the bhikkhus would come together for a few months. As the sangha became bigger and started accepting people of lesser ability who remained unenlightened, it became necessary to begin having rules.
It seems that initially these were quite flexible and were adapted to the situation. By the time of the Buddha's death there would have been a body of rules bhikkhus were expected to follow. In the Mahaparinibbana Sutta the Buddha, as part of his last teaching, tells the bhikkhus that they can abandon some minor rules, but that they should stick to the major ones, but there appears to have been some confusion over which was which. It was therefore decided that they would keep all of the rules. Immediately after the Buddha's death there was a council, at which all of the teachings were recited, collected, and sorted. Legend has it that the huge volume of teachings was recited from memory, with Ananda reciting the dhamma and Upali reciting the Vinaya.
^ "Bhikkhu Pāṭimokkha: The Bhikkhus' Code of Discipline". www.accesstoinsight.org. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
^ "Bhikkhunī Pāṭimokkha: The Bhikkhunīs' Code of Discipline". www.accesstoinsight.org. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
^ Thakur, Amarnath (1996). Buddha and Buddhist Synods in India and Abroad. Abhinav Publications. p. 120. ISBN 9788170173175.
Horner, I.B. (1970). The book of discipline Vol. I (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac, reprint.
Horner, I.B. (1957). The book of discipline Vol. II (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac.
Horner, I.B. (1957). The book of discipline Vol. III (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac.
Horner, I.B. (1962). The book of discipline Vol. IV (Mahāvagga), London Luzac. 1. publ., reprint, Oxford: Pali Text Society 1993.
Horner, I.B. (1966). The book of discipline Vol. VI (Parivāra), London Luzac.
Ichimura, Shōhei (2006). "The Baizhang Zen monastic regulations", Berkeley, Calif: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, ISBN 1-886439-25-7.
Pruden, Leo M. (1995). "The essentials of the Vinaya tradition", by Gyōnen, Berkeley, Calif: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, ISBN 0-9625618-9-4. |
0.93863 | Harold Harefoot was the King of England from 1035 to 1040. Harold was the son of king Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northampton. Harold assumed control after the death of his father Cnut in 1035.
Initially, it was on a temporary basis as he was ruling in place of his brother Harthacnut who was busy in Denmark as a rebellion had broken out in Norway.
Harold wanted a coronation in 1935 but Æthelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury refused, so he was finally proclaimed King in 1937 with the support of Earl Leofric and others. Harold Harefoot belonged to the House of Denmark and was Christian by faith.
Harold Harefoot was the King of England from 1035 to 1040. Harold was the son of king Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northampton.
Why King Harold was called Harefoot?
King Harold was called Harefoot because he was a very fast when he used to hunt and was a great huntsman. He was quick and speedy. But it is believed that the term harefoot was used only in the contemporary world and was not used before the late middle ages.
Although it was claimed that King Harold was the son of “Cnut the Great” and Ælfgifu of Northampton, it is believed that it was not true and he was not the legitimate son of King Cnut.
It is believed that Ælfgifu wanted to have a son by the King, but she was not able to, hence she adopted a son from unknown people and she pretended that she had given birth to Harefoot.
As per historical chronicles, Harold was the son of a cobbler. On the other hand, it is also believed that Svein Knutsson, Harold’s brother, was also an illegitimate son of a priest and Ælfgifu fooled Cnut into believing that the bothers were his sons. There is also a view that negates these claims and according to them, such myths were only created to defame Cnut.
Harthacnut who was the half-brother of Harold Harefoot was the legitimate heir to the throne of England and Denmark after the death of their father Cnut. But Harthcnut was not available in England and was busy fighting and defending the Danish kingdom against the attacks of King Magnus I of Norway and King Anund Jacob of Sweden.
So it was initially decided to install Harold as a temporary regent or joint monarch due to unavailability of Harthacnut. Although the idea was opposed by the Godwin, the Earl of Wessex, and the Queen but he was eventually crowned.
During his reign Harold with the support of Anglo-Danish nobility stopped the invasion of Ælfred and Edward and was indeed regarded as the rightful heir to the throne.
Harold Harefoot died on 17th March 1040 at Oxford. He was buried at the Westminster Abbey. The exact cause of death of Harold at such a young age is unknown and it is believed that he died of a mysterious disease. Harold’s half-brother Harthacnut succeeded him after his death. |
0.999274 | The short answer to the question what is Lean 4.0? is: the combination of well-known Lean Manufacturing / Lean Management principles and Industry 4.0 / digitalization and digital transformation.
While many organizations have started to improve the efficiency of their processes and operations with Lean – and are still far from being done with reaping all benefits from the Lean approach – the rise of Industry 4.0, digitalization and digital transformation show new and more improvement and development potentials.
It soon became obvious that there should be no choice between implementing Lean and Industry 4.0 but go for a smart combination of both, as they complement each other.
For instance, implementing high-tech automation solutions on waste-ridden processes makes no sense. Lean is therefore considered a forerunner or even a prerequisite to Industry 4.0 and digital transformation. On the other side, digitalization, smart automation and other Industry 4.0 solutions reveal new improvement potentials and opportunities to apply Lean principles and tools. Industry 4.0 enables Lean to break free from Industry 3.0 limitations and apply on a new level. Think about the limitations that additive manufacturing remove compared to traditional manufacturing, for example.
Is a robotic motion a waste? |
0.999998 | Synopsis (from Amazon): In this novel authorized by the Little House estate, Sarah Miller vividly recreates the beauty, hardship, and joys of the frontier in a dazzling work of historical fiction, a captivating story that illuminates one courageous, resilient, and loving pioneer woman as never before - Caroline Ingalls, Ma in Laura Ingalls Wilder's beloved Little House books.
In the frigid days of February 1870, Caroline Ingalls and her family leave the familiar comforts of the Big Woods of Wisconsin and the warm bosom of her family for a new life in Kansas Indian Territory. Packing what they can carry in their wagon, Caroline, her husband, Charles, and their little girls, Mary and Laura, head west to settle in a beautiful, unpredictable land full of promise and peril.
For more than 80 years, generations have been enchanted by the adventures of the American frontier's most famous child, Laura Ingalls Wilder, in the Little House books. Now that familiar story is retold in this captivating tale of family, fidelity, hardship, love, and survival that vividly reimagines our past.
One (or more) Sentence Summary: I was (and am) a HUGE fan of Little House on the Prairie books and the TV show. When I first heard about this book, I couldn't wait to read it. The books and the show never really focused on Caroline. The book Caroline: Little House, Revisited, is a wonderful tribute to Ma! We are allow to really get to know and understand her, including how important family was to her. She made so many sacrifices for her family and was a very strong and caring women.
I really enjoyed Caroline: Little House, Revisited and am hoping there will be more (at least a sequel). Please let there be more!
Would I Read Other Books by the Author: Yes. I am hoping there is a sequel to Caroline: Little House, Revisited.
Sarah Miller began writing her first novel at the age of ten, and has spent the last two decades working in libraries and bookstores. She is the author of two previous historical novels, Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller, and The Lost Crown. Her nonfiction debut, The Borden Murders: Lizzie Borden and the Trial of the Century, was hailed by the New York Times as "a historical version of Law & Order." She lives in Michigan. |
0.95958 | Source: [http://amzpbig.com/maps/2578_(1174)_Graudenz_1909.jpg Archiwum Map Zachodniej Polski]'']] Adamsdorf (also known as Rude, Ruden, Rauden, Rawden, Königlich Ruda, Adamowo, and Jadamowo; now known as Mały Rudnik; coordinates: 53.40595, 18.721733 [53° 24′ 21″ N, 18° 43′ 18″ E]; population in 1905, 427) is located approximately 9 kilometers (5.5 miles) south-west of Grudziądz ([[Graudenz (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)|Graudenz]]), 18 km. (11 miles) east of Świecie (Schwetz), and 20 km. (12 miles) north-east of Chełmno (Culm).
'']] Adamsdorf (also known as Rude, Ruden, Rauden, Rawden, Königlich Ruda, Adamowo, and Jadamowo; now known as Mały Rudnik; coordinates: 53.40595, 18.721733 [53° 24′ 21″ N, 18° 43′ 18″ E]; population in 1905, 427) is located approximately 9 kilometers (5.5 miles) south-west of Grudziądz ([[Graudenz (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)|Graudenz]]), 18 km. (11 miles) east of Świecie (Schwetz), and 20 km. (12 miles) north-east of Chełmno (Culm).
Until 1772 Adamsdorf was located in what was known as Royal Prussia (also known as Polish Prussia) in the Kingdom of [[Poland|Poland]]. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 resulted in the creation of a new province on 31 January 1773, called [[West Prussia|West Prussia]], in which Adamsdorf was located. Adamsdorf was situated in the district (Kreis) of Graudenz in Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder until the end of World War I, when it came under the jurisdiction of the Pomeranian Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic. Adamsdorf came under the control of Nazi Germany during World War II until March 1945, when it was occupied by Soviet forces and returned to Poland. In 2013 Mały Rudnik was a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Thiessen, Richard D. "Adamsdorf (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. March 2013. Web. 25 Apr 2019. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Adamsdorf_(Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship,_Poland)&oldid=94020.
Thiessen, Richard D. (March 2013). Adamsdorf (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 25 April 2019, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Adamsdorf_(Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship,_Poland)&oldid=94020. |
0.999916 | Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Measurement of Party ID for this figure is based on two questions. First, respondents were asked whether they consider themselves to be a Democrats, Republicans, independents, other, or not sure. Those who responded that they are independents or "other" were then asked if they lean toward either the Democrats or Republicans. If they indicated that they lean toward one party or the other, they are considered Democrats or Republicans for the purposes of this figure. Only "pure" independents or members of a third party who indicate that they have no preference for Democrats vis-a-vis Republicans are considered independents . Respondents who answered that they are "not sure" for either of the two aforementioned questions are not incorporated into this figure.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." The ideology measure is based on respondent self-placement in response to the following question: "On a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 is extremely liberal, 7 is extremely conservative, and 4 is exactly in the middle, where would you place yourself?" The placements are further classified such that 1 is extremely liberal, 2 is very liberal, 3 is somewhat liberal, 4 is moderate, 5 is somewhat conservative, 6 is very conservative, and 7 is extremely conservative.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Tea Party identification is based on the following question, also asked in the survey: "Suppose the Tea Party movement organized itself as a political party. When thinking about the next election for Congress, would you vote for the Republican candidate from your district, the Democratic candidate from your district, or the Tea Party candidate from your district?" Those who responded "Republican candidate" are considered Republicans (non-Tea Party movement) and those who responded "Tea Party candidate" are considered Tea Party Republicans.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Race is calculated according to the race variable.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Gender is calculated according to the GENDER variable.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Community is based on the following question, " Would you say that you live in an urban, suburban, or rural community?"
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Age is calculated according to the AGEG variable.
Respondents were asked, "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Undocumented immigrants currently living in the United States should be deported immediately." Education is calculated according to the EDUC variable. |
0.999546 | Battery life is precious. Treat it that way.
If the CPU is the brain of your mobile device, then the battery is its heart. And like your heart, there are steps you can take to keep it healthy.
Though there's a limit to how far any phone can stretch, battery life isn't written in stone. How you use your phone and how you treat it determine not only much time you get on a charge, but also how long the battery itself lasts. Here are some pro tips.
iOS: Go to Settings > General > Usage > Battery Usage. From there, you can identify all the culprits and start thinking about how to focus your battery conservation efforts.
Android: Go to Settings > Battery to reveal a similar list of apps and functions that are draining your battery.
There are a number of ways to conserve your battery and prolong its life. Depending on whether you're in a pinch, or if you just want to limit usage in general, there are some settings you can adopt to save battery life.
Whether you're using iOS or Android, your screen is almost certainly the biggest battery hog on your phone.
When you're feeling the heat, dim that screen! Not only will this save you precious battery percentage points, but it'll reduce your phone's operating temperature and contribute to a longer life span. (After all, heat is the natural enemy of electronics.) Turn up the brightness when necessary, but leave it on Auto or low the rest of the time.
iOS: Go to Control Center and drag the slider to the left. For Auto Brightness, go to Settings > Display & Brightness and toggle Auto-Brightness.
Android: In Android 4.0+, you can find a brightness slider in the notification shade quick menu. In 4.0 to 4.4.4, the slider is paired with an Auto toggle; in 5.0+, you need to go to Settings > Display and toggle Adaptive brightness.
In iOS 7, Apple introduced a whole bunch of fancy new animations to its user interface. These include the zooming effects that occur when you change apps and the parallax effect on your background image when moving the phone. They're pretty, no doubt, but they also eat up an entire CPU core, and put a strain on your battery.
iOS 7+: Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Reduce Motion and turn the setting on.
GPS is a serious battery destroyer. If you've ever had to use Google Maps for an extended period without a way to charge your phone, you know how quickly it dies. Other apps tap into GPS, too, often unnecessarily.
If there's no reason for an app to know your location, turn that battery-draining feature off! If you're really in a pinch, just turn off Location Services entirely.
iOS: Go to Settings > Privacy > Location Services.
Android: Go to Settings > General > Location.
Location Services (namely, GPS) command a lot of battery power.
Most smartphones include an option to automatically download app updates when they become available. This is a convenient out-of-sight, out-of-mind feature, but it's a drain on your battery. If you find you're consistently short on battery, turn off automatic app updates and download new versions manually (preferably over WiFi).
iOS: Go to Settings > iTunes & App Store. From there, you can toggle automatic downloads for Updates, as well as Music, Apps, and Books. While you're there, look at the "Use Cellular Data" toggle to make sure you're not using cellular data to make any of these downloads.
Android: Go to Play Store > Settings > Auto-update apps, and turn auto-update off or set it to update over WiFi only.
A lot of apps continue to run while you're not using them, sucking down data in the background. This is particularly true of email and social media apps. Sometimes this data use is necessary, but sometimes not. And every time an app activates the cellular or WiFi radio to refresh, it's draining your battery.
To keep battery use to a minimum, you can either turn off background data entirely and update information by manually accessing your apps, or customize which apps are allowed to use background data.
iOS: Go to Settings > General > Background App Refresh.
Android: Go to Settings > Data Usage.
You can save a little juice by limiting push notifications to the most necessary apps, like Twitter and messaging, which more or less depend on them to function as intended.
iOS: Go to Settings > Notifications and select which apps to include.
Android: Go to Settings > Sound & notification (or "Sound" in Android 5.0+) > App notifications.
AirDrop is a nifty, underrated iOS feature that allows you to share files with other nearby iPhone users (via Bluetooth). But there's no reason to have it on if you're not using it. In fact, it'll waste battery by searching for people you can share with.
iOS: Go to Control Center > AirDrop button. From there, you can turn off AirDrop, or make your device discoverable to "Contacts Only" or "Everyone" in a given network.
Setting your phone to vibrate has more or less entered the realm of "phone etiquette," but it actually drains more battery than a ringtone. Striking the right balance between battery conservation and annoyance is tough, but one thing's for certain: You don't need those annoying keyboard clicks when you're texting.
iOS: Go to Settings > Sounds to adjust your Vibrate settings. While you're there, scroll down to the bottom to turn off Keyboard Clicks.
Android: In Android 4.0 to 4.4.4, simply hit the Volume Down key until you feel the phone vibrate, then hit it once more to silence all notifications. In Android 5.0+, you can use the same procedure to set the phone to vibrate, then tap None to turn off all notifications (including vibration) or Priority to only allow a select group of notifications to come through.
Your phone includes a whole lot of radios, and they all drain battery. If you're not going to be using the web and don't need frequent email updates, you can disable your cellular data to save some juice. Same thing with WiFi. It's also a good habit to turn off Bluetooth connectivity when you're not using it.
If you have just a sliver of battery life left and are desperate to save it, you can just put your phone Airplane mode. This turns your phone into a 100% offline handheld computer.
Finally, pay attention to signal strength. Your phone drains battery trying to maintain a WiFi or cellular data signal, and it expends more battery when the signal is weak. For that reason, if you're going to be outside areas with good reception, it's probably best to put your phone in airplane mode.
iOS: Go to Settings and you'll find your connectivity options for WiFi, Bluetooth, Cellular, and Airplane Mode right at the top. You can also open Control Center to toggle WiFi, Bluetooth, and Airplane mode.
Android: Go to Settings and then WiFi, Bluetooth, or Data Usage. You can also access these settings (and airplane mode) from the notification shade quick settings menu.
The most recent flagship Android phones (like the Samsung Galaxy and Google Nexus series) include battery saver modes that can extend the life of your battery by automatically implementing many of the settings detailed above. Think of it like life support for when your battery is in the ICU.
Android: In Android 4.0 to 4.4.4, go to Settings > Battery and hit the Battery Saver toggle. In Android 5.0+, go to Settings > Battery > Menu > Battery saver.
iOS: In iOS 9 and newer, go to Settings > Battery and toggle Low Power Mode.
Beyond settings, there are good habits that can help you eke extra life out of your battery.
Unless you're actively managing background data settings (as we suggest above), letting apps pile up can have negative effects on your battery life. Don't cling on to stuff you don't use, like some sort of digital hoarder. Think: When was the last time you played around with that stupid virtual synth? A year ago? Delete.
iOS: Just hold your thumb on an app icon; the apps will start wiggling and reveal an "x" icon. Hit that button to delete.
Android: Go to Settings > Apps. From there, you can select individual apps and hit the "Uninstall" button.
This is a long-term consideration, but one well worth thinking about. Heat is the enemy of electronics. It can sap life out of each battery charge, and also shorten the battery's overall lifespan. As mentioned above, you can dim your screen to reduce heat, but you should also avoid leaving your phone out in the sun or close to other heat sources.
For the same reason, it's best to avoid using your phone while it's charging. Doing so stresses the CPU and jacks up the operating temperature. Leaving your phone plugged in after a charge is actually a-ok (almost all phones use intelligent charging algorithms), but using it while plugged in is bad practice.
This one's also a bit obvious. The vast majority of the time, the flash is just going to make your photos look flat, overexposed, and washed out. So even for just aesthetic reason, you should probably avoid using your camera's flash. With regards to your battery, this is even more critical, because that light is a drain on your battery.
External batteries are great for on-to-go users who also find themselves low on battery. They're fairly cheap, and many can charge an iPhone or Android flagship device several times over. And since they use USB, they can also charge lots of other devices, including cameras, eReaders, and more.
You can also find battery cases for specific (usually very popular) phone models, like the iPhone 6, Samsung Galaxy S6, and others. These build a slim external battery into a protective case, killing two birds with one stone.
This article was originally published on July 15, 2015. It has been updated with new information. |
0.995262 | Consciousness is the manifestation of Pure Being. Consciousness creates the world in which we live and have our being. Just like a mirror, Consciousness reflects things on its own surface. It would be interesting to compare the characteristics of a mirror with those of Consciousness and what is really perceived on the “mirror” of consciousness.
There is a Buddhist saying that explains Consciousness and Enlightenment. It describes Consciousness as having three levels. The first level of consciousness is about how an individual sees and understands the world as something outside of him. In other words, he himself is the subject observing objects. The second level of consciousness is about a certain degree of awakening. The individual’s consciousness realizes that the way he sees and understands what goes on around him depends on the level of awakening of his own consciousness. He knows that he is the one who projects reality and gives meaning to his world. Finally, the third level Consciousness allows one to fully understand that the only truth is that Consciousness is the Creator of Creation and that without consciousness nothing can exist.
Here is the summary of that Buddhist saying: it goes like this: In the first degree, first, mountains and rivers are seen as mountains and rivers. This statement represents an individual identifying himself as the subject and seeing an object. In this case the individual is totally involved as a subject with whatever he is perceiving and observing as an object. This is what the ordinary person does.
In the second degree of Consciousness awakening, mountains and rivers are no longer seen as mountains and rivers. Objects are seen as the mirrored projection of the subject. They are perceived as illusory objects in Consciousness and therefore unreal.
Finally, in the third degree of awakening or Enlightenment, mountains and rivers are once more seen as mountains and rivers. That is, when the individual is awakened and whatever is perceived is known as Consciousness itself manifesting as mountains and rivers. Subject and objects are not seen as being separate.
Let us try to explain the three levels of Consciousness in more detail.
In the first level of consciousness it is the ego that replaces Consciousness and is under the illusion that it is the perceiver and therefore the subject observing the world of manifestation. And therefore in this case, mountains and rivers are seen as separate realities.
In the second level of consciousness the awakening process allows the ego to realize that mountains and rivers and the whole world that exists around it is just like a dream and unreal, hence, in this case the view of the individual changes. He sees everything around him as unreal because, as the subject, his ego becomes more aware of the Presence of Consciousness within and gradually an inner transformation takes place that makes things appear to be quite different. When understanding rises to this level, there is a release of pressure generated by his own ego and a sense of freedom appears on the surface of consciousness. He wants the whole world to know about what his discovery. He wants to broadcast that everyone is a world to himself, everyone creates his own world and therefore, he is convinced and wants to communicate and convince others that the truth is that each person creates a world of illusion! There is no real world as such, since each individual will have a different view of it. Therefore, for such a person mountains and rivers do not exist, they are seen as illusions. Moreover, he feels the need to change the world and tries to convince others to see the world in the same way as he does. He advises and tells them what to do and how to change. He still hasn’t realized that no matter how illuminated he is, he cannot pass his experiences to others, he can change no one, because real change can only come from within each person. However, it is his ego that wants to change the world and therefore he goes around creating problems for himself.
In the final awakening stage, the individual realizes that everything that he sees depends on consciousness, the pure impersonal level of Consciousness that permeates everyone and everything. He realizes that as an ego he cannot perceive anything. Everything that he becomes aware of is perceived and created by Consciousness. He recognizes that everything that he perceives around him is perceived not by his thinking self, (the ego) but by Consciousness. And suddenly it dawns on him that the true perceiver in him is Impersonal Consciousness - the same Consciousness that creates and manifests everything in the Universe – the same Universal Consciousness that identifies everything created by itself. Therefore the enlightened individual realizes that the only thing that exists is Impersonal Consciousness without which nothing could exist. Since the Creator of manifestation and the Created manifestation are both the same. There is no more, subject and no more object, since Impersonal Consciousness is the creator and Consciousness is the perceiver. This level of awakening is what is sometimes referred to as Enlightenment, the ultimate realization that makes Mountains and Rivers and the whole world unreal, but, also real!
We have said that the world is real for the ego that sees itself as the subject and things as perceived as objects. However, the world is also unreal in the sense that it is dependent on Consciousness for its existence. It has no independent existence of its own. Hence the world can only exist when it is identified by Consciousness. If every human being and every animal suddenly became unconscious, who's to say that there is a world? The world not only wouldn't appear, but it wouldn't exist.
Let us take the mirror as an example…let us say that consciousness is the mirror, the quality and function of a mirror is to reflect whatever appears on its surface. In the same manner, objects appear reflect and disappear on the surface of consciousness… this is clear. However, Whatever appears on the surface of the mirror is still part of the mirror… since nothing has been added to the surface of the mirror… whatever appears on its surface is still part of the same material as the mirror. If however nothing appears on the surface of the mirror the reason is simply that there is nothing reflecting on it, but still the mirror remains the mirror. In the same manner, consciousness has two aspects, an active one on which manifestations appear all the time and a passive aspect on which nothing appears. The first aspect concerns the waking state of being, in other words it concerns our daily activities and also our dreaming activities during the night. In this state, Consciousness witnesses its own activities through the reflections of all kinds of manifestations on its own surface (just like a mirror). In its passive state, Consciousness seems to disappear because this level concerns the process of deep sleep, unconsciousness and death. In this case, Consciousness remains in the recesses of its own Nature, which is the pure essence of Being, the Source of the “I AM”. In this instance Consciousness cannot reflect itself and as a result it remains as the formless Presence of Being. In this condition, as human beings, we remain unconscious of our true Nature, since Consciousness does not reflect its own Presence and has nothing to manifest and reflect its own nature.
In the same spirit, we could add for those who have read the essays on the Perfect Mold and the Perfect Model that both represent manifestations of the Impersonal Consciousness in an individual that is about to be enlightened. Both of them represent the Impersonal level of Consciousness manifesting and recognizing itself in an individual.
So, we could ask ourselves how could we explain what is real and what is unreal? How could we explain this paradox? Here is an analogy that will explain it. During the day, the sun shines on everything and at times casts shadows, on trees for example. In this instance, could we say that the shadows of the trees are real? Yes they are, since we can see them. But what happens when the sun disappears, the shadows disappear also… Hence shadows are both real and unreal at the same time. All manifestation is dependent on Consciousness for its existence. In the same way when in deep sleep, in a coma or dead, consciousness seems to disappear and becomes unreal. However, conversely, when a child is born, or when we are conscious of being awake, active consciousness seems to be present and seems to us to be real. The truth is that the essence of Consciousness is inherent in all creation and it also transcends it, since it is also the Source of all manifestation. |
0.996302 | Why do some prescription pills come in such elaborate colors/capsules?
There’s no chemical reason for this. Sometimes pills are colored for branding purposes—Pepto-Bismol® is pink, Viagra® is blue, Cymbalta® is green—and you recognize those colors. It can also help people keep track of which pill is which, and also to remember which ones to take. |
0.914922 | Political demography is the study of how population change affects politics. Population change is driven by classic demographic mechanisms – birth, death, age structure, and migration.
However, in political demography, there is always scope for assimilation as well as boundary and identity change, which can redraw the boundaries of populations in a way that is not possible with biological populations. Typically, political-demographic projections can account for both demographic factors and transitions caused by social change. A notable leader in the area of sub-state population projection is the World Population Program of the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria.
Some of the issues which are studied in the context of political demography are: surges of young people in the developing world, significantly increasing aging in the developed world, and the impact of increasing urbanization. Political demographers study issues like population growth in a political context. A population's growth is impacted by the relative balance of variables like mortality, fertility and immigration.
Many of the present world's most powerful nations are aging quickly, largely as a result of major decreases in fertility rates and major increases in life expectancies. As the labor pools in these nations shrink, and spending on the elderly increases, their economies are likely to slow down. By 2050, the workforce in Japan and Russia is predicted to decrease by more than 30 percent, while the German workforce is expected to decline by 25 percent by that year. The governments of these countries have made financial commitments to the elderly in their populations which will consume huge percentages of their national GDP. For example, based on current numbers, more than 25% of the national GDPs of Japan, France and Germany will be consumed by these commitments by 2040.
Differential reproductive success is the mechanism through which evolution takes place. For much of human history this occurred through migrations and wars of conquest, with disease and mortality through famine and war affecting the power of empires, tribes and city-states. Differential fertility also played a part, though typically reflected resource availability rather than cultural factors. Though culture has largely usurped this role, some claim that differential demography continues to affect cultural and political evolution.
The demographic transition from the late eighteenth century onwards opened up the possibility that significant change could occur within and between political units. Though the writings of Polybius and Cicero in classical times bemoaned the low fertility of the patrician elite as against their more fecund barbarian competitors, differential fertility has probably only recently emerged as a central aspect of political demography.
This has come about due to medical advances which have lowered infant mortality while conquest migrations have faded as a factor in world history. Differences in immunity levels to infectious diseases between populations also play no major role in our age of modern medicine and widespread exposure to a common disease pool.
It is not so much the trajectory of demographic transition that counts as the fact that it has become more intense and uneven in the late twentieth century as it has spread into the developing world. Uneven transitions lend themselves to differential growth rates between contending groups. These changes are in turn, magnified by democratization, which entrenches majority rule and privileges the power of numbers in politics as never before.
Indeed, in many new democracies riven by ethnic and religious conflicts, elections are akin to censuses while groups seek to 'win the census'. Ethnic parties struggle to increase their constituencies through pronatalism ('wombfare'), oppose family planning, and contest census and election results.
One branch of political demography examines how differences in population growth between nation-states, religions, ethnic groups and civilizations affects the balance of power between these political actors. For instance, Ethiopia is projected to have a larger population than Russia in 2020, and while there were 3.5 Europeans per African in 1900, there will be four Africans for each European in 2050. Population has always counted for national power to some degree and it is unlikely that these changes will leave the world system unaffected.
The same dynamic can be witnessed within countries due to differential ethnic population growth. Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland increased their share of the population through higher birthrates and the momentum of a youthful age structure from 35 to nearly 50 percent of the total between 1965 and 2011. Similar changes, also affected by in- and out-migration, have taken place in, amongst others, the United States (Hispanics), Israel-Palestine (Jews and Arabs), Kosovo (Albanians), Lebanon (Shia, with decline of Christians) and Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenians).
In the US, the growth of Hispanics and Asians, and Hispanics' youthful age profile as against whites, has the potential to tilt more states away from the Republican Party. On the other hand, the fertility advantage of conservative over liberal white voters is significant and rising, thus the Republicans are poised to win a larger share of the white vote - especially over the very long run of 50 to 100 years.
According to London-based scholar Eric Kaufmann, the high birth rates of religious fundamentalists as against seculars and moderates has contributed to an increase in religious fundamentalism and decrease of moderate religion within religious groups, as in Israel, the US and the Muslim Middle East. Kaufmann, armed with empirical from a number of countries, also posits that this will be further bolstered by the higher retention rates of religious fundamentalists, with individuals in religiously fundamentalist households less likely to become religiously non-observant than others. See also Religious demography § Religious demographics.
A second avenue of inquiry considers age structures: be these 'youth bulges' or aging populations. Young populations are associated with a ratio of dependents to producers: a high proportion of the population under age 16 puts pressure on resources. A 'youth bulge' of those in the 16-30 bracket creates a different set of problems.
A large population of adolescents entering the labor force and electorate strains at the seams of the economy and polity, which were designed for smaller populations. This creates unemployment and alienation unless new opportunities are created quickly enough - in which case a 'demographic dividend' accrues because productive workers outweigh young and elderly dependents. Yet the 16-30 age range is associated with risk-taking, especially among males.
In general, youth bulges in developing countries are associated with higher unemployment and, as a result, a heightened risk of violence and political instability. For Cincotta and Doces (2011), the transition to more mature age structures is almost a sine qua non for democratization.
Population aging presents the obverse effect: older populations are less risk-taking and less prone to violence and instability. However, like those under-16, they place great strain on the social safety net, especially in countries committed to old-age provision and high-quality medical care.
Some observers believe that the advent of a much older planet, courtesy of below-replacement fertility in Europe, North America, China and much of the rest of Asia and Latin America, will produce a 'geriatric peace'. Others are concerned that population aging will bankrupt the welfare state and handicap western liberal democracies' ability to project power abroad to defend their interests. A more cautious climate could also herald slower economic growth, less entrepreneurship and reduced productivity in mature democracies.
It is also possible that ageing leads to lower inflation as elderly people are both inflation averse and politically powerful. However, some argue that older people in the developed world have much higher productivity, human capital and better health than their counterparts in developing countries, so the economic effects of population aging will be largely mitigated.
The study of political demography is in its early stages and can be traced back to the works of figures such as Jack Goldstone, whom is often considered to be the father of Political Demography. Since 2000 the subject has drawn the attention of policymakers and journalists and is now emerging as an academic subfield. Panels on political demography appear at demography conferences such as the Population Association of America (PAA) and European Association for Population Studies (EAPS). There is now a political demography section at the International Studies Association. A number of important international conferences have also taken place since 2006 on the subject.
^ "Political Demography - Jack A. Goldstone; Eric P. Kaufmann - Oxford University Press". Oup.com. 2011-12-31. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ a b "The Political Demography of Ethnicity, Nationalism and Religion | Eric Kaufmann". Sneps.net. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ a b c d e f "Political Demography: How Population Changes Are Reshaping International Security and National Politics". Wilson Center. 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ Diamond, Jared. (1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton; McNeill, William Hardy. 1976. Plagues and peoples. 1st ed. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press.
^ Goldstone, Jack A., Eric Kaufmann and Monica Duffy Toft, ed. 2011. Political Demography: How Population Changes are Reshaping National Politics and International Security, ed. J. A. Goldstone, Eric Kaufmann and Monica Duffy Toft. Oxford: Oxford University Press., 'Introduction'.
^ Kaufmann, Eric. 2011. Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century. London: Profile Books. Also see www.sneps.net.
^ Huntington, Samuel P (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. ; Urdal, Henrik (2006). "A Clash of Generations? Youth Bulges and Political Violence". International Studies Quarterly. 50 (3): 607–29. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.491.4794. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00416.x.
^ Vlandas, T (2017). "Grey power and the economy: Ageing and inflation across advanced economies". Comparative Political Studies. 51 (4): 514–552. doi:10.1177/0010414017710261.
^ "Environmental Change and Security Program". Wilson Center. 2011-03-31. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ "The Political Demography & Geography Section Charter". Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2017. |
0.999885 | In this section, we'll provide some tips and best practices for your stylesheets.
To create an efficient web application, you should understand how a browser reads your web pages and renders them. When a browser reads your HTML document, it parses the HTML elements and assembles them into a document tree. The browser then matches the elements to the style rules that you specified in your stylesheets. The browser reads your style rule from right to left, starting from the rightmost selector, called the key selector, and moving left through each additional selector, or descendant selector, until it finds a match or discards the style rule. To make this matching efficient, you need to decrease the time it takes for the browser to find a matching style rule.
We'd expect to read this selector as: find the element with the id="home", then apply the color style to every anchor (<a> tag) it contains. You might think this would be quick because we are using an ID tag and ID selectors are typically fast. However, because the browser reads the selectors from right to left, here's how the browser actually reads the rule: find every anchor tag, then check that its parent element has an id="home", keep checking until a match is found or until the end of the HTML document is reached.
So, the idea is to write more specific style rules so that the browser spends less time looking to match your style.
Although there might be a performance benefit in using appropriate CSS selectors, you shouldn't take the selector rules too far because you might see a disproportionate increase in maintenance costs vs. the performance benefits you gain. As always, you should analyze the performance of your application by using the Web Inspector. For more information about the Web Inspector, see Debugging using Web Inspector.
There are four types of selectors. ID and class selectors are more efficient than tag or universal selectors.
This selector matches the unique element in the page with the specified ID.
This selector matches all elements with a class attribute contain the class name.
This selector matches every instance of the element type in the document tree.
This selector, written using *, matches every element in the document.
To improve the rendering speed of your web page, if your page has embedded images, it's a good practice to specify the dimensions of your image.
Because a browser downloads each image separately, it helps the browser to know the image's height and width. This allows the browser to create an appropriately sized placeholder so it can determine the page layout while the image downloads. Otherwise, the browser has to reflow the page after each image downloads and the image's real size becomes known. This slows the rendering of the page and negatively affects the user experience.
When you specify the dimensions of the image, it should be the actual image size. Do not scale images on the fly by specifying a different width/height than the actual image. For example, say an image file is actually 50 x 50 pixels, but you want the image to display smaller, so you set the dimensions to 20 x 20 pixels in the HTML. Rescaling images consumes CPU cycles, causes repainting which uses more memory, and slows page rendering.
Instead, create your images at the appropriate size. This will not only improve rendering speed, but also avoid downloading an unnecessarily large file. Remember that most mobile data plans are not unlimited, so you want to reduce the data usage for the user.
To set an image's size, you can use the width and height attributes of the <img> tag or the width and height CSS properties. There is no need to use both because CSS properties override HTML attributes.
You can reduce the number of HTTP requests for images on your web page by using CSS sprites. The CSS sprites technique allows you to combine all your background images into one large image and use background positions to show or hide a portion of that image in an HTML element. Not only does this technique reduce load times but it also provides cleaner markup and cleaner projects (fewer image files to manage). CSS sprites can be used in many ways but it's ideal for rollover buttons and navigation menus.
If you are using animations in your application, you can improve the user experience for your app and create smooth transitions by triggering hardware acceleration. By default, most browsers do not have hardware acceleration turned on. The browser typically uses hardware acceleration for elements that would benefit from it (for example, WebGL components, transitions, and 3D transformations). However, if you want a specific element to benefit from hardware acceleration, you can manually trigger hardware acceleration on that element by adding the -webkit-transform property to your element.
The transform property applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element. You can use the transform property to rotate, scale, skew, and translate elements.
In the following example, we animate an image by using the transform property and applying a 15 degree rotation around the Z and Y axis.
Important: You should use this technique sparingly! The GPU is not shy about using resources, including battery power and memory.
Hardware acceleration can also improve a user's interaction with any scrolling content in your app, such as lists or grids. By default, the overflow CSS property is not hardware-accelerated, and using it on a list that contains a lot of content can result in performance issues, such as sluggish scrolling or an inconsistent response to touch input.
When you make this addition, it allows for momentum and smoother scrolling, a visual bounce effect when the user reaches the top or bottom of the list, and a more responsive touch interaction. |
0.959989 | How many parents sigh or roll their eyes when they hear the words "consistent parenting"? That's because consistency is tough, and most parents don't feel like they are nearly consistent enough.
No one is consistent 100% of the time. But aiming for consistency the majority of the time is not unreasonable or impossible. Here are some top tips on how to be more consistent as a parent that should help.
1. Why Be A Consistent Parent?
What's the big deal about consistency anyway? The point of all this consistency talk is simply this: if kids know the consequences of a behavior, and there's no area of doubt, then they're probably more likely to modify their behavior. Consistency puts action behind your words; it shows your kids that you do mean what you say. It gives your words power, and prevents you from having to take action every single time (often a different action every single time, which gets exhausting). So it pays to deliver!
Planning ahead is important for consistency. Determine what your expectations are for your kids, from the broad (doing well in school) to the specific (behaving in the grocery store). Armed with your knowledge of your kids' idiosyncrasies - you know what sets them off and you know the "problem areas" so, come up with a plan of action based on their behavior and the behavior you expect. Then calmly implement your plan...consistently.
Whether you are in a traditional marriage or not, if Mom and Dad are both in the home, it's important for them to be on the same page regarding discipline and expectations. So, a good idea is to sit down with the other parent and discuss your plans of action. Having both parents on board with the plan of action, expectations, and consequences just adds to the consistency.
Really? ... Yes! Involving the kids is a healthy idea, most expert sources say. Let them have a voice in the consequences, and make sure they understand the expectations. It's not really fair to spring the consequences and your expectations on them unexpectedly. It makes more sense for kids to follow rules if they know the rules (and the consequences of breaking them) ahead of time!
There's really no need to be rigid and inflexible for fear of appearing inconsistent. Sometimes, flexibility is required, and that should not undermine your consistency if you go about it the right way. For example, explain the change to your child - if it's an exception to the usual rule, let them know why and that this is not going to be a habit. Or maybe one of the consequences does need to be adjusted; talk it over as a family and agree to make the change together.
This is not being inconsistent; it's being flexible and willing to make changes where necessary, which is likely as good a model for your children as being a consistent parent!
The video below has more excellent parenting tips and explains clearly how to be a consistent parent.
Click here to view more video parenting tips. |
0.997903 | Harlem Projections is a tribute to the cultural legacy of Harlem. Depicted in the mural are musicians Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan, as well as authors Julia de Burgos and Zora Neale Hurson. The left side of the mural is also a tribute - in style - to the artwork of Romare Bearden, who created collages of Harlem living. In fact, the name Harlem Projections was inspired by an early exhibit of Bearden's work, in which he revealed his bold new style. The theme of intergenerational learning is highlighted through the young boy, who is looking up to these iconic figures from Harlem's past. The black and white style of the portraits serves as a contrast to the liveliness of the Bearden-inspired portion (as well as the Bearden-inspired elements of the adjacent "Harlem River" mural). The mural also draws imagery from the park's natural setting, including trees, and a flower native to the area - groundel. Patterns based on African textiles help the figures stand out and link the mural to the two other murals in the park.
Harlem Projections is a tribute to the cultural legacy of Harlem. Depicted in the mural are musicians Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan, as well as authors Julia de Burgos and Zora Neale Hurson. The left side of the mural is also a tribute - in style - to the artwork of Romare Bearden, who created collages of Harlem living. In fact, the name Harlem Projections was inspired by an early exhibit of Bearden’s work, in which he revealed his bold new style. The theme of intergenerational learning is highlighted through the young boy, who is looking up to these iconic figures from Harlem’s past. The black and white style of the portraits serves as a contrast to the liveliness of the Bearden-inspired portion (as well as the Bearden-inspired elements of the adjacent “Harlem River” mural). The mural also draws imagery from the park’s natural setting, including trees, and a flower native to the area - groundel. Patterns based on African textiles help the figures stand out and link the mural to the two other murals in the park. |
0.999288 | I was walking near the National Gallery of Art and passed a garden that displayed plants which attracted birds. One of these plants was the wax myrtle. I'm particularly fond of the Northern Mockingbird and I understand they are attracted to wax myrtle berries. I have two questions: 1. Can you recommend any varieties that are 4-5' tall, and no more than 4' wide? 2. Do these varieties require a male plant to produce berries? The spot I am considering is sunny and moist. Thank you for your help.
There are some cultivars of wax myrtle (Myrica or Morella cerifera) that are shorter than the straight species. Look for 'Fairfax' (4-5'), 'Luray' (4'), or 'Tom's Dwarf' (3-6'). Myrica can be monoecious or dioecious. Plants in the nursery industry are often selected for monoecious character (that is, separate male and female flowers occur on the same plant), so that separate male and female plants (in dioecious selections) are not required for landscape plantings. |
0.999994 | Redacted Mueller Report Coming Out Within 1 Week, AG Barr Tells Congress The attorney general says work is going well in redacting the special counsel's report about the Russian interference in the 2016 election — and DOJ has at least one other report coming too.
Attorney General William Barr arrives to testify about the Justice Department's FY 2020 budget request before a subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee on Tuesday.
"I'm glad to talk to Chairman [Jerry] Nadler and Chairman [Lindsey] Graham as to whether they feel they need more information and if there's a way we can accommodate that," Barr said.
House Judiciary Committee Chairman Nadler, D-N.Y., has been unequivocal in his calls for access to the full work product from Mueller's office — not only his report but the testimony, intelligence and other material that supported his findings.
The chairman responded to Barr's comments on Tuesday in a post on Twitter that appeared to hold the view that no negotiations are required: The law grants Congress access to the material that Nadler has requested, he argues, irrespective of the views of the attorney general.
In a subsequent post, Nadler said that no discussions of any kind are now underway: "We still have not heard from the attorney general."
The attorney general also announced something else likely to please Graham: a forthcoming report about investigators' use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in the Russia investigation.
Graham has joined other Republicans in calling for answers about how authorities used material from former British intelligence officer Christopher Steele, author of the infamous Russia dossier, in the request for surveillance of Carter Page, a onetime junior Trump 2016 campaign aide.
The attorney general also said the door appears open to more investigations or reports about the conduct of the Russia investigation — music to the ears of Republicans who have followed the lead of President Trump in calling it a "witch hunt" or suggesting it is the product of a conspiracy by the FBI and the Justice Department.
"More generally I am reviewing the conduct of the investigation, trying to get my arms around all the aspects of the counterintelligence investigation that was conducted during the summer of 2016," Barr said.
The Democratic majority on the House Judiciary Committee has voted to authorize Nadler to issue a subpoena for Mueller's work product and evidence if necessary.
Barr told lawmakers later in the hearing that he isn't planning to give an unredacted copy of the Mueller report to Congress absent the negotiations he said he would be open to undertaking with Nadler.
In other words, Nadler won't get a copy without at least asking and, perhaps, a separate dispute. If Nadler tries to use his power to issue a subpoena, that could lead to a court case.
Barr also wrote that Mueller's office neither fully implicated nor exonerated Trump on the question of obstruction of justice; Barr and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein decided Mueller's findings were "not sufficient" for charges, Barr wrote.
The attorney general said on Tuesday that although he is preparing for Congress and Americans to read what they can of Mueller's full report, the conclusions of which they are already aware are clearly important.
"From a prosecutor's standpoint, the bottom line is binary, which is: charges or no charges," Barr said.
Trump welcomed that conclusion and has claimed full vindication by Mueller. Graham and others took the opportunity to go on offense for themselves by amplifying calls for inquiries into the conduct of the investigation itself.
— those that would violate the privacy of people Barr called peripheral players to the main story. |
0.999993 | A tower block, high-rise, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of flats, or office tower is a tall building or structure used as a residential and/or office building. In some areas it may be referred to as an "MDU", standing for "Multi Dwelling Unit". In the United States, such a structure is referred to as an apartment building or office building, while a group of such buildings is called an apartment complex or office complex.
High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the elevator (lift) and cheaper, more abundant building materials. The materials used for the structural system of high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most North American style skyscrapers have a steel frame, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no clear difference between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with fifty or more stories is generally considered a skyscraper.
Tower Block is a British thriller film directed by James Nunn and Ronnie Thompson and written by James Moran. The film stars Sheridan Smith, Jack O'Connell, Ralph Brown, and Russell Tovey and entails residents of a block of flats targeted by an unseen sniper after witnessing the murder of a teenager. Tower Block was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 21 September 2012 and was also the closing film at the 2012 FrightFest Film Festival.
Since the Second World War, blocks of flats emerged as places for affordable living, but fell into a breeding ground for crime and violence, leaving re-developers to demolish most of them except Tower Block 31, where only the top floor residents refuse to leave. One night in London, England, the tenants witness the murder of 15-year-old boy, Jimmy (Ralph Laurila). Only one person, Becky (Sheridan Smith), tries to help the boy from his masked attackers, but she is left unconscious. Detective DC Devlin (Steven Cree) and his partners attempt to identity the culprits, but they receive zero leads from all tenants who fear to get involved.
Is Darden Rice running for St. Pete mayor? She's raising money like she is. |
0.998664 | I regularly see patients who have experienced an ocular migraine. The patient is often unsure about what happened to their vision and think that they may have had a retinal detachment.
Ocular migraines start with an aura which can cause a wide variety of symptoms that lasts less than one hour, and sometimes followed by a headache. Most often the aura will last less than 15mins.
No one is sure exactly what causes them, but doctors speculate that the aura could be caused by spasms in the retinal blood vessels. There is usually some sort of trigger for these types of migraines. Some examples of triggers include: caffeine, certain foods, or bright lights.
The diagnosis of ocular migraines is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that your doctor will need to rule out any other cause of your visual symptoms. If it is your first time having an ocular migraine it is best to visit our office so that we can dilate your eyes and check for a retinal detachment, stoke, or other potential causes. |
0.999954 | Have you ever seen an eclipse? And do you know of the different types of eclipses that occur! Yes, there are different types of eclipses and they occur at different times, in different phases, and in different positions.
You know what the universe is right, however have you heard of the 'Observable Universe' and do you know what it means? |
0.974148 | What interpretation of this possible/makes sense?
What can be applied/learned from it?
What he is saying is that good data structures make the code very easy to design and maintain, whereas the best code can't make up for poor data structures.
If you're wondering about the git example, a lot of version control systems change their data format relatively regularly in order to support new features. When you upgrade to get the new feature, you often have to run some sort of tool to convert the database as well.
For example, when DVCS first became popular, a lot of people couldn't figure out what about the distributed model made merges so much cleaner than centralized version control. The answer is absolutely nothing, except distributed data structures had to be much better in order to have a hope of working at all. I believe centralized merge algorithms have since caught up, but it took quite a long time because their old data structures limited the kinds of algorithms they could use, and the new data structures broke a lot of existing code.
In contrast, despite an explosion of features in git, its underlying data structures have barely changed at all. Worry about the data structures first, and your code will naturally be cleaner.
Code is just the way to express the algorithms and the data structures.
From the book is the following quote that expounds on what Torvalds is saying.
Code is easy, it's the logic behind the code that is complex.
If you are worrying about code that means you don't yet get that basics and are likely lost on the complex (ie data structures and their relationships).
To expand on Morons' answer a bit, the idea is that understanding the particulars of the code (syntax, and to a lesser extent, structure/layout) is easy enough that we build tools that can do it. Compilers can understand all that needs to be known about code in order to turn it into a functioning program/library. But a compiler can't actually solve the problems that programmers do.
You could take the argument one step further and say "but we do have programs that generate code", but the code it generates is based on some sort of input that is almost always hand-constructed.
So, whatever route you take to get to code: be it via some sort of configuration or other input that then produces code via a tool or if you're writing it from scratch, it's not the code that matters. It's the critical thinking of all the pieces that are required to get to that code which matter. In Linus' world that's largely data structures and relationships, though in other domains it may be other pieces. But in this context, Linus is just saying "I don't care if you can write code, I care that you can understand the things that will solve the problems I'm dealing with".
Show me your flowcharts [code], and conceal your tables [schema], and I shall continue to be mystified; show me your tables [schema] and I won't usually need your flowcharts [code]: they'll be obvious.
-- Fred Brooks, "The Mythical Man Month", ch 9.
I think he's saying that the overall high-level design (data-structures and their relationships) is much more important than the implementation details (code). I think he values programmers who can design a system over those who can only focus on details of a system.
Both are important, but I would agree that it's generally much better to get the big picture and have issues with the details than the other way around. This is closely related to what I was trying to express about breaking up big functions into little ones.
Well, I can't entirely agree, because you have to worry about all of it. And for that matter, one of the things I love about programming is the switches through different levels of abstraction and size that jump quickly from thinking about nanoseconds to thinking about months, and back again.
However, the higher things are more important.
If I've a flaw in a couple of lines of problems that causes incorrect behaviour, it probably isn't too hard to fix. If it's causing it to under-perform, it probably doesn't even matter.
If I've a flaw in the choice of data structure in a sub-system, that causes incorrect behaviour, it's a much bigger problem and harder to fix. If it's causing it to under-perform, it could be quite serious or if bearable, still appreciably less good than a rival approach.
If I've a flaw in the relationship between the most important data structures in an application, that causes incorrect behaviour, I've a massive re-design in front of me. If it's causing it to under-perform, it might be so bad that it would almost be better if it it was behaving wrong.
And it'll be what makes finding those lower-level problems difficult (fixing low-level bugs is normally easy, it's finding them that can be hard).
The low-level stuff is important, and its remaining importance is often seriously understated, but it does pale compared to the big stuff.
Someone who knows code sees the "trees." But someone who understands data structures sees the "forest." Therefore a good programmer will focus more on data structures than on code.
Knowing how the data will flow is all important. Knowing flow requires that you design good data structures.
If you go back twenty years, this was one of the big selling points for the object oriented approach using either SmallTalk, C++, or Java. The big pitch -- at least with C++ because that's what I learned first -- was design the class and the methods, and then everything else would fall into place.
Linus undoubtedly was talking in broader terms, but poorly designed data structures often require extra rework of code, which can also lead to other problems.
If I may, my experience in the last few weeks. The preceding discussions clarified the answer to my question: "what did I learn?"
I rewrote some code and reflecting upon the results I kept seeing & saying "structure, structure..." is why there was such dramatic difference. Now I see that it was Data structure that made all the difference. And I do mean all.
Upon testing my original delivery, the business analyst told me it was not working. We said "add 30 days" but what we meant was "add a month" (the day in the resulting date doesn't change). Add discrete years, months, days; not 540 days for 18 months for example.
The fix: in the data structure replace a single integer with a class containing multiple integers, change to it's construction was limited to one method. Change the actual date arithmetic statements - all 2 of them.
The new implementation had more functionality but the algorithm code was shorter and clearly simpler.
I changed data structure, not algorithm.
NO control logic was touched anywhere in code.
The data structure factory class did not change at all.
I like to imagine a very clever team of librarians in a beautifully made library with a million random and brilliant books, it would be quite a folly.
I've seen this is numerous areas.
Think about business analysis... Let's say you're analyzing the best way to support Marketing at a consumer products company like Colgate. If you start with fancy windows, or the latest technology, you won't help the business nearly as much as if you think through the data needs of the business first, and then worry about presentation later. The data model outlasts the presentation software.
Consider doing a webpage. It's much better to think about what you want to show (the HTML) first, and worry about style (CSS) and scripting (pick your tool) after.
This isn't to say coding isn't important too. You need programming skills to get what you need in the end. It's that data is the foundation. A poor data model reflects either an overly complex or unthought business model.
I find myself writing new functions and updating existing ones a lot more often than having to add new columns or tables to my database schema. This is probably true for all well designed systems. If you need to change your schema every time you need to change your code, its a clear sign you are a very bad developer.
It seems like this idea has various interpretations in the various types of programming. It holds true for systems development and also holds true for enterprise development. For example, one could argue that the sharp shift in focus toward the domain in domain-driven design is much like the focus on data structures and relationships.
Here's my interpretation of it: You use code to create data structures, so the focus should be on the latter. It's like building a bridge - you should set out to design a solid structure rather than one that looks appealing. It just so happens that well written data structures and bridges alike look good as a result of their efficient designs.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged programming-practices quotations or ask your own question.
How did separation of code and data become a practice?
What did Linus Torvalds mean by his quotation about portability?
What does the Jamie Zawinski's quotation about regular expressions mean?
Your thoughts on Best Practices for Scientific Computing?
Project is nearly done, but procedural spaghetti code. Do I rewrite or just keep trying to ship it?
How to approach program design with respect to data strucutres and algorimths - is there an equivelant of the OO design process for d.s.'s + algs? |
0.999862 | The statistic illustrates the answers to the following survey question: ''What is the most beautiful FIFA World Cup stadium in Russia?'' As of 2018, approximately 30 percent of the respondents indicated that they think the Luzhniki stadium in Moscow is the most beautiful World Cup stadium in Russia. This stadium will host multiple games, including the opening game between Russia and Saudi Arabia and the final of the World Cup. |
0.946907 | The history of making wine spans thousands of years and is closely intertwined with the history of agriculture, cuisine, civilization and man himself. Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest wine production came from sites in Georgia and Iran, dating from 6000 to 5000 BC. The archaeological evidence becomes clearer and points to domestication of grapevine in Early Bronze Age sites of the Near East, Sumer and Egypt from around the third millennium BC.
Wine was common in classical Greece and Rome and many of the major wine producing regions of Western Europe today were established with Phoenician and later Roman plantations. Wine making technology, such as the wine press, improved considerably during the time of the Roman Empire; many grape varieties and cultivation techniques were known and barrels were developed for storing and shipping wine.
In medieval Europe, following the decline of Rome and therefore of widespread wine production, the Christian Church was a staunch supporter of the wine necessary for celebration of the Catholic Mass. Whereas wine was also forbidden in medieval Islamic cultures, Geber and other Muslim chemists pioneered the distillation of wine for medicinal purposes and its use in Christian libation was widely tolerated. Wine production gradually increased and its consumption became popularized from the 15th century onwards, surviving the devastating Phylloxera louse of the 1870s and eventually establishing growing regions throughout the world.
In Iran (Persia), mei (the Persian wine) has been a central theme of poetry for more than a thousand years, although alcohol is strictly forbidden in Islam. Little is actually known of the prehistory of wine. It is plausible that early foragers and farmers made alcoholic beverages from wild fruits, including wild grapes (Vitis silvestris). This would have become easier following the development of pottery vessels in the later Neolithic of the Near East, about 9000 years ago. However, wild grapes are small and sour, and relatively rare at archaeological sites. It is unlikely they could have been the basis of a wine industry.
Domesticated grapes were abundant in the Near East from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age, starting in 3200 BC. There is also increasingly abundant evidence for wine making in Sumer and Egypt in the third millennium BC. The ancient Chinese made wine from native wild "mountain grapes" like Vitis thunbergii for a time, until they imported domesticated grape seeds from Central Asia in the second century. Grapes were, of course, also an important food.
Exactly where wine was first made is still unclear. It could have been anywhere in the vast region, stretching from North Africa to Central/South Asia, where wild grapes grow. However, the first large-scale production of wine must have been in the region where grapes were first domesticated, Southern Caucasus and the Near East. Wild grapes grow in Georgia, northern Levant, coastal and southeastern Turkey, northern Iran or Armenia. None of these areas can, as yet, be definitively singled out, despite persistent suggestions that Georgia is the birthplace of wine.
The Roman Empire had an immense impact on the development of viticulture and oenology. Wine was an integral part of the Roman diet and wine making became a precise business. As the Roman Empire expanded, wine production in the provinces grew to the point where the provinces were competing with Roman wines. Virtually all of the major wine producing regions of Western Europe today were established by the Romans.
Wine making technology improved considerably during the time of the Roman Empire. Many grape varieties and cultivation techniques were developed and barrels and bottles began to be used for storing and shipping wine and bottles. Following the Greek invention of the screw, wine presses became common on Roman manors. The Romans also created an early form of appellation system, as certain regions gained reputations for their fine wines.
Wine, perhaps mixed with herbs and minerals, was assumed to serve medicinal purposes. During Roman times it was not uncommon to dissolve pearls in wine for better health. Cleopatra created her own legend by promising Marc Anthony she would "drink the value of a province" in one cup of wine, after which she drank an expensive pearl with a cup of wine. When the Roman Empire fell around 500 AD, Europe went into a period known as the Dark Ages. This was a period of invasions and social turmoil. The only stable social structure was the Catholic Church. Through the Church, grape growing and wine making technology was preserved during this period.
In the Middle Ages, wine was the common drink of all social classes in the south, where grapes were cultivated. In the north and east, where little or no grapes were grown, beer and ale were the common drink of both commoners and nobility. Wine was imported to the northern regions, but was expensive, and thus seldom consumed by the lower classes. Wine was necessary for the celebration of the Catholic mass, and so assuring a supply was crucial. The Benedictine monks became one of the largest producers of wine in France and Germany, followed closely by the Cistercians. Other orders, such as the Carthusians, the Templars, and the Carmelites, are also notable both historically and in modern times as wine producers. The Benedictines owned vineyards in Champagne (Dom Perignon was a Benedictine monk), Burgundy, and Bordeaux in France and in the Rheingau and Franconia in Germany. In 1435 Count John IV. of Katzenelnbogen, a very rich member of the holy roman high nobility near Frankfurt, was the first to plant Riesling, the most important grape of Germany. Nearby the winemaking monks made it into an industry, producing enough wine to ship it all over Europe for secular use. In Portugal, a country with one of the oldest wine traditions, the first appellation system in the world was created.
In the late 1800s the Phylloxera louse brought devastation to vines and wine production in Europe. It brought catastrophe for all those whose lives depended on wine. The repercussions were widespread, including the loss of many indigenous varieties. On the positive side, it led to the transformation of Europe's vineyards. Only the fittest survived. Bad vineyards were uprooted and better uses were found for the land. Some of France's best butter and cheese, for example, is now made from cows that graze on Charentais soil which was previously covered with vines. "Curvées" were also standardised. This was particularly important in creating certain wines as we now know them today - Champagne and Bordeaux finally achieved the grape mix which defines them today. In the Balkans where phylloxera did not hit, the local varieties survived but along with Ottoman occupation the transformation of vineyards has been slow. It is only now that local varieties are getting to be known beyond the "mass" wines like Retsina.
Grapes and wheat were first brought to what is now Latin America by the first Spanish conquistadores to provide the necessities of the Catholic Holy Eucharist. Planted at Spanish missions, one variety came to be known as the Mission grapes and is still planted today in small amounts. Succeeding waves of immigrants imported French, Italian and German grapes, although wine from grapes native to the Americas is also produced (though often deemed an acquired taste, since the flavors can be very different).
Wine in the Americas is most closely associated with Argentina, California and Chile, all of which produce a wide variety of wines from inexpensive jug wines to high-quality varieties and proprietary blends. While most of the wine production in the Americas is based on Old World varieties, the wine growing regions of the Americas often have "adopted" grapes that are particularly closely identified with them, such as California's Zinfandel (from Croatia), Argentina's Malbec, and Chile's Carmenère (both from France).
For wine purposes, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and other countries without a wine tradition are also considered New World. Until quite late in the 20th century, the product of these countries was not well known outside their small export markets (Australia exported largely to the United Kingdom, New Zealand kept most of its wine internally, South Africa was closed off to much of the world market because of apartheid). However, with the increase in mechanization and scientific winemaking, these countries became known for high quality wine. |
0.995036 | Federal regulators are asking for public comment and cite 'disparity rates' between state audits and AO reviews of healthcare facilities.
"We are concerned that the practice of offering both accrediting and consulting services–and the financial relationships involved in this work–may undermine the integrity of accrediting organizations and erode the public’s trust," CMS Administrator Seema Verma said in a media release.
"Our data shows that state-level audits of healthcare facilities are uncovering serious issues that AOs have missed, leading to high 'disparity rates' between the two reviews," Verma said.
"We are taking action across-the-board to ensure the quality and safety of patient care through strengthened CMS oversight of AOs, and today's RFI is a critical component of that effort."
The query likely will include an examination of The Joint Commission, the nation's largest hospital accrediting organization. In a media statement, The Joint Commission said it is reviewing CMS's requests for comment, but said it is confident in the integrity of the "firewall" between its consulting and accrediting divisions.
"The Joint Commission recognizes the importance of assuring the integrity of the accreditation process, which we accomplish by prohibiting any sharing of information about consulting services for individual organizations with anyone involved in accreditation," the statement read.
"The Joint Commission as an accrediting organization and Joint Commission Resources, Inc. as a provider of education and consulting services are two separate organizations. The Joint Commission enterprise has long-standing firewall policies, practices and procedures in place that assure that this goal is achieved," the statement read.
CMS says state audits are uncovering serious issues that that AOs have missed.
The Joint Commission says it's confident in the integrity of the 'firewall' it has erected between its consulting and accrediting divisions. |
0.999644 | Fast carbs vs slow carbs bodybuilding tradition says that we want to eat slow carbs. Want to eat things like sweet potatoes, oatmeal, things that digest a little bit slower, so that it doesn't overwhelm our system with glucose and sugar causing insulin spike. And then therefore, a crash in our blood sugar. Afterwards, usually, bodybuilding tradition is to maintain steady influx of carbohydrates to build muscle. Without spiking insulin too much, too frequently so let's get coach trevor's opinion because i see coach trevor eating candy all the time he almost never eat slow carbohydrates. He'll order a meal and he won't touch anything that slow carbohydrates. Instead, after the meal, he'll go have a dessert that's packed full of sugar. Now, just because coach trevor does, this doesn't mean it's the best way for bodybuilding, but there's got to be something to it because i've been traveling with trevor for a year and a half. I noticed that very consistently he avoids slow carbs and he eats fast carbs. Do you do this because of any of the bodybuilding benefits ? Or does it benefit a bodybuilder, whether they're huge bodybuilder or small bodybuilder, natural or on steroids ? Let's kind of talk about each situation ? I do it for a couple reasons one is bad habit from bodybuilding too is because i don't really care anymore. I've made it a bad habit because i like it and i'm not a bodybuilder, i enjoy it. I mean the health negatives from that vs artificial sweeteners and and low fat, non fat products i would rather take the sugar, because it's one it's healthier two you can actually do something with what's inside of it rather than artificial sweetener three when we get to the gym, i'm always pumped i always like get in the gym with a pump i don't really like get outside of it, but once we get in there, i'm carved up understand that coach drivers only twenty six years old, so he has a much faster metabolism than most of us. I don't know that i could get away with the same thing. How do you not spill over into fat when you're eating sugar ? I dio and i have to watch it sometimes one of the things i always do give or take sometimes traveling, but i always tried to have my first meal with some type of complex carbohydrate since i was twelve years old, eleven years old, i've been doing that, and the reason is i found, if you can hit that meal and get those complex carbohydrates knows not really necessarily sugar that's what will spark the metabolism for the rest of the day ? And i found that for me, something like oatmeal, not granola, but oatmeal or something. Is such with a whites and some whole eggs, for whatever reason kept my hunger on track and my metabolism, no matter what i did, i was able to control it, so i would always do that. But i do still tend to spill over sometimes, and i'll let it go for a week or two before i catch it really care about doing something before he gets on a hand and all i do is just kind of clean up the fat source it maybe not by as much actual candies. I eat a ton of candy so ill maybe not buy candy for a few days until the fat goes with it. That was why coach trevor chooses fast carbs over slowed carbs, but how about your athletes that you coach ? Do you let them eat fast ? Carbs is the first question, and the second question is, if they do eat fast carbs vs slow carbs, are you worried about them crashing their insulin sensitivity ? There's four scenarios five scenarios and two given example for each is going to be their way also what they're doing, how condition they need to be, but their weight, their condition and then, if we're doing all carbohydrate diets or a mix of fats and carbohydrates together, all these things change him. And what happens is if we do an all carbohydrate diet on a large body builder. The only reason we do complex carbohydrates is for some health benefit, with vitamins and minerals and something with their metabolism. Because, as most people know, when i talk about tricking the metabolism, you could do this with the complex carbohydrates not necessarily the sugar, but the complex carbohydrates you witching either adding him or take him out, we'll do this with bigger bodybuilders and myself back then and zero, although i would have oatmeal sometimes in the morning, it was almost always ah, protein pancakes with egg whites rather than protein powder. I really only have them do fast, complex carbohydrates and the reason for this. I always talk about not giving your body everything it needs. So it's always wanting it. That's how you can do this carbohydrate diet. So what happens is you keep your glycogen stores between forty two. Ninety percent, and sometimes you can go one hundred forty percent hundred thirty five percent or so from super conversation. But if you keep that number and play with that from anywhere between forty and ninety percent and keep it doing this, it does not matter if insolence president, you're still going to burn body fat, and it goes to show when you take insulin for pre cardio and the reasoning for doing that. How bodybuilders still come in shape when there's growth hormone things evolved by taking insulin insulin, it will not matter when you're doing this carbohydrate diet now, there might be some people that have pre diabetes have to watch that, but other than that, it doesn't matter. So the things that don't bloat them give them digests, no problems, anything like that. We only do sugar, not sugar, i would say, but white bread's, anything like that, no glue in no problems with, you know, worrying about that kind of stuff for allergies. You get it when you need it, and you're eating so frequently, and you're hungry all the time. Your blood sugar really never crashes if the bodybuilders keeping on track with this diet like he should be about before bed, better to have fast carbohydrates or slow carbohydrates fast carbohydrates so that the sugar loads up into the muscles and or fat cells gets out of the bloodstream faster so that your blood sugar drops so you maybe could get fat burning zone in your sleep and natural growth hormone production if you're not injecting growth hormone for slow carbohydrates, because that way you've got a sustained fuel source for your body to feed on and be anabolic over more amount of hours during the night. It depends on the scenario. Are they trying to lose away ? Are they trying to gain weight and example for each would be what if they train that night or what ? If they trade in the morning ? They train in the morning ? Typically, you don't want any carbs before bad because you wouldn't need them. There would be no reason to give it, so you just keep it out. That fasting period is only the carbohydrates. If you have a long acting approaching like a steak before bed, your body is able to utilize the body fat take advantage regrowth home, but let's say you're on growth hormone, you still don't want those carbohydrates because you want your insulin sensitivity would be better and you want a break. From carbohydrates, one for that and two, because your glycogen stores are probably full by the end of the day, adding more to it, it's only going to spill over, make your insulin sensitivity worse, give it this break, and by morning you still have your glycogen stores, you're completely full, and your insulin sensitivity is basically refreshed by morning for each day, depending on what you've done and you start your day off new if you train, but right before bed, then take advantage of a cz much sugar as you could and i say this because you would want to compensate and store those reserves while you could tow whatever level you're supposed to be doing at that night. And then also, when you're sugar crashes, you were in bed, it puts you to sleep. I don't know if you've ever felt low blood sugar, but you'll get put to sleep and your body will regulate it and you'll wake up just fun if someone is carbohydrate depleted, so post workout or let's say they've carb cycling, and so they had a low carb day. Now they're coming into their high carb day. Does it really matter whether the fast carbs or slow carbs ? If they're depleted, is it all going to go into the muscle ? Or do you think that and it's probably different for different people ? But do you think that by taking in sugar when you're carb depleted your body, khun still only process so much into the muscle cell and you're going to spill over into fat even though you're not glycogen filled in the muscles ? Bodybuilders case it's ? Not like that, especially when drugs are involved in hormones when those air involved i don't want to say never, but it's not really plausible it's not gonna happen in a bodybuilder like it. What with regular people it's not the same. You're in an entire different environment that they've never studied before. No one's ever studied it. No one's ever put two hundred pound bodybuilder with all the hormones that we use and the training and manipulation went diet they've never once done. I mean, show me if you can find it, but it hasn't been done. The other thing is, if you're not dealing with insulin, let's say you're using insulin, it wouldn't really matter as much you would have to eat more. Of the complex carbohydrates, because if you're trying to fill up with complex carbohydrates, the reasoning that it doesn't it won't fill you out as much is because depending on your metabolism and your size, you're burning them at a faster rate than it's really breaking down and it gets to the point. That's how you trick your metabolism one of the little secrets is you feed it's all these complex carbohydrates where your body would still never get enough carbohydrates, but it things that does keeps fat burning mode on because it's, nutrient dance calories and that's what ends up happening ? So my theory about having fast carbohydrates in order to get it loaded in the muscle and then get into a fat burning state is not necessarily accurate because you're saying you could do it with slow carbohydrates, giving your body just less than what it needs. Keep your metabolism grinding along and faster at that point, it's kind of hard to give it what it needs because at once, carbohydrates and at the same time, it's burning carbohydrates. But if it doesn't have enough it's burning the fat depending on the field source and then these complex carbohydrates takes so long to break down, take so much calories to break down. All of these things are happening at once, and then your metabolism is trying to get these in there. So then that kick fires and now you just have a entire concoction for not one of those calories really are being absorbed depends how big the bodybuilder is. It just means you have to take more. And the reason why i goto more white based carbohydrates is because you will start to see it's going to take two hundred, two hundred fifty graham complex carbohydrates a meal just to start filling out. By the end of the day, you do two hundred fifty grams of carbohydrates and meal for six meals complex, especially with the fiber and glue and and all these sayings watch happens to the waste and digestion issues understand where coach trevor's mindset is on some of these questions. He's thinking about a bodybuilder, someone who's got a lot of muscle already he's saying, basically that if you have to have a ton of calories, you can't even fit all the carbs in unless you add in fast carbohydrates and he's talking about. Eating a good amount of slow carbohydrates to keep the metabolism going along fast, because you're giving your body enough to burn and keep the metabolism going. But you're not giving it enough to satisfy your total caloric requirements, so your body still has to pull from fat to bern to see. That wouldn't be the case for someone who doesn't already have appreciable amount of muscle or a very fast metabolism. So you have to understand how this information applies to you and how much muscle you have. And we're gonna keep doing videos like this so that hopefully you get the full picture so you can figure out how to apply it. Be swell in school, my friends of freedom, pioneers of human evolution. Right ? |
0.999323 | Assume you are given a data set with 500,000 observations and 200 variables and are asked to report on (a) the most useful predictive models to build (b) their specifications in terms of dependent and independent variables and (c) their business impact.
How would you use PCA/FA in answering these questions?
- How variables are correlated. Is there multi-collinerity exits?. |
0.976434 | What are the requirements to build an Indoor airPLUS home?
A home must first be designed to earn the ENERGY STAR Certified Homes label, the government-backed symbol for energy efficiency. By adding additional home design and construction features, an Indoor airPLUS home also helps protect residents from issues like radon, carbon monoxide, and mold. The home is then inspected and verified by an independent third-party to comply with the program requirements. The Indoor airPLUS verification process is integrated with ENERGY STAR processes, minimizing the need for additional inspection services. |
0.999995 | What do roofing companies in Research Triangle Park, NC do?
Your Research Triangle Park, NC roofing contractor can install a new roof or repair an old one, as well as repair and replace gutters. Good roofers in Research Triangle Park, NC should be able to promptly inspect roofs and gutters to assess damage after a natural disaster or other event, and give you an estimate for the necessary roof repair immediately. Some Research Triangle Park roofing companies specialize in specific types of roofs, such as tile or metal, so make sure the one you are interested in works with the materials you have or desire.
Find a Research Triangle Park roofer on Houzz. Narrow your search in the Professionals section of the website to roofing companies in Research Triangle Park, NC. If you’re planning a large-scale project, find other professionals on Houzz who can help get the job done. Here are some related professionals and vendors to complement the work of roofing & gutters: General Contractors, Specialty Contractors, Siding & Exteriors, Door Sales & Installation, Garage Door Sales & Installation. |
0.974064 | The Kingdom of Spain occupies the greater part of the Iberian peninsula in south-western Europe and is the continent's third largest and sixth most populous country. Spain's territory also includes two island groups, the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the Moroccan enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla.
Hispania was a province of the Roman empire until its collapse in 476 AD. After this, Germanic tribes invaded, led by the Visigoths (Western Goths), who set up a kingdom which lasted until the early 8th century. Then, in 718, Spain was conquered by the Moors (Arabs and Berbers) and nearly all of the peninsula came under Islamic rule. This was a great time for the arts, culture and technology as the Arabs led the West in these fields at that time. Their capital, Cordova, was then one of the greatest cities in the world.
In the Middle Ages, Christian states in the north started the gradual reconquest of the peninsula. The Reconquista was completed in 1492, with the capitulation of the last Moorish state, Granada. This was also the year that Christopher Columbus, a Genovan under pay of the Spanish monarchy, landed in the Bahamas, thus discovering the New World.
In 1506, Spain became the leading nation in the Habsburg Empire by marriage. This meant that the Spanish monarch had rule over large areas of Europe together with rapidly expanding parts of the Americas. In 1520, Hernán Cortés completed the conquest of Mexico, and in 1533 Francisco Pizarro destroyed the Incan Empire. Both of these conquests were brutal, with the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca in Peru being little more than a massacre.
Vast amounts of silver and gold were discovered in the Americans, and these were used to consolidate the Habsburg position in Europe, fund further conquests and compete with their main rivals, Bourbon France. However, the influx of bullion also caused inflation, and rebellion in the Low Countries and war with England and France ate away at Spanish coffers. Spain's ambitions in Europe were expensive and unrealistic. The Inquisition was also a factor, encouraging dissension and corruption, while stifling any form of independent thought.
In 1640, Portugal seceded from Spain, and in 1643, the French comprehensively defeated the Spanish army at Rocroi. Five years later, the United Provinces of the Netherlands formally achieved independence. These events marked a downturn in Spanish fortunes, and by 1700, when the Habsburg line failed, Spain was a spent force, with France overtaking it as the great power in Europe.
In the 20th century, tensions between Nationalists and Republicans led to the Civil War (1936-39), which ended in rule by the Fascist dictator Francisco Franco, who suppressed the Basques, Catalans and other minorities. After Franco died in 1975, the Spanish monarchy weas restored and the economy slowly recovered. Spain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986.
Spain’s economy has suffered hugely during the recession. After becoming part of the EU, Spain enjoyed rapid growth; over the past 40 years its tourist industry grew to be the second largest in the world and accounted for around 50% of GDP in 2006. The property boom that followed contributed almost 16% of GDP and employed 12% of the workforce. The collapse of the property boom has led to high increases in personal debt with unemployment now at the 26% mark.
Personal income tax ranges from 24% to 45%. For 2012 and 2013 tax years, a supplementary tax of between 0.7% and 7% applies.
If you are considering moving to Spain or are soon to depart, you can find helpful information and advice in the Expat Briefing dedicated Spain section including; details of immigration and visas, Spanish forums, Spanish event listings and service providers in Spain.
From your safety to shopping, living in Spain can yield great benefits as well as occasional drawbacks. Find your feet and stay abreast of the latest developments affecting expats in Spain with relevant news and up-to-date information.
Working in Spain can be rewarding as well as stressful, if you don't plan ahead and fulfill any legal requirements. Find out about visas and passports, owning and operating a company in Spain, and general Spanish culture of the labour market. |
0.926429 | Edgar Degas was a French painter, graphic artist, and sculptor. He began to paint early in his life. By eighteen, he had turned a room in his home into an artist's studio, and in 1853 he registered as a copyist in the Louvre. His father, however, expected him to go to law school. Degas duly registered at the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris in November 1853, but made little effort at his studies there. In 1855, Degas met Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, whom he revered, and whose advice he never forgot: "Draw lines, young man, and still more lines, both from life and from memory, and you will become a good artist." In April of that same year, Degas received admission to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts.
In 1854-1859 he made several trips to Italy, some of the time visiting relatives, studying the Old Masters; he painted historical pictures and realistic portraits of his relatives: Portrait of Marguerite de Gas, the Artist's Sister, Portrait of Achille de Gas in the Uniform of a Cadet, Portrait of Hilaire de Gas, Grandfather of the Artist. By 1860 Degas had drawn over 700 copies of other works, mainly early Italian Renaissance and French classical art.
In the 1860s he was introduced to Impressionism by Édouard Manet and gave up his academic aspirations, turning for his subject matter to the fast-moving city life of Paris, particularly the ballet, theatre, circus, racetrack, and cafés. Influenced by Japanese prints and the new medium of photography, he used displaced figure groupings and unfamiliar perspective to create figure groups seen informally and in movement, similar in effect to snapshots. His fascination with the ballet and the racetrack sprang from his interest in picturing people absorbed in the practiced movements of their occupations.
At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Degas enlisted in the National Guard, where his defense of Paris left him little time for painting. During rifle training his eyesight was found to be defective, and for the rest of his life his eye problems were a constant worry to him.
After the war, in 1872, Degas began an extended stay in New Orleans, Louisiana, where his brother René and a number of other relatives lived. Staying in a house on Esplanade Avenue, Degas produced a number of works, many depicting family members. One of Degas' New Orleans works, depicting a scene at The Cotton Exchange at New Orleans, garnered favorable attention back in France, and was his only work purchased by a museum (that of Pau) during his lifetime.
Although he is known to have been working in pastel as late as the end of 1907, and is believed to have continued making sculpture as late as 1910, he apparently ceased working in 1912, when the impending demolition of his longtime residence on the rue Victor Massé forced a wrenching move to quarters on the boulevard de Clichy. He never married and spent the last years of his life, nearly blind, restlessly wandering the streets of Paris before dying in 1917. |
0.997858 | Blue Star Celestial Energy is an advanced healing system which comes from the Pleiades star system and was used in ancient Egypt. It was channelled by John Williams in January 1995, through his guide, the prophet Makuan and then it was further developed with Gary Jirauch.
This healing system emphasises galactic and spiritual healing, and is said to be a transmission of spiritual ability to bridge the gap between God and man - The Rainbow Bridge - enabling the adept to utilize this potential and to function at expanded levels of awareness.
A strong sense of balance between mind and heart is the key to manifesting with the Blue Star energy, which is said to be the vehicle for bringing peace and planetary healing as fast as it is able to happen.
Once you have been attuned to this system, you will be able to use these energies for healing yourself and others. You will also be able to pass these attunements on to others.
You will receive: 2 e-mailed manuals (34 and 37 pages), 2 distance attunements, an e-mailed certificate and my full support by e-mail before, during and after your course.
What is the approximate length of each attunement? 20-30 minutes. It is advisable to leave around 2-3 days in between each attunement to give your body time to get used to the energies. |
0.961309 | In my practice as a Minneapolis licensing board lawyer I often see allegations of professional boundaries violations. Not surprisingly, boundaries violations are most prevalent in the fields of social work, counseling, and therapy. Working in a profession where clients may be struggling to have their basic needs met while also dealing with mental health diagnoses and/or chemical dependency issues often presents licensed social workers and therapists with unique challenges. Not only must you provide your clients with services, but you must do so while firmly upholding clear professional boundaries to ensure that you do not stray beyond your licensed scope of practice or inadvertently interfere with your client's right to self-determination.
When combined with the characteristic big heart and desire to help that brings most social workers and therapists to their professions, it is easy to start traveling down the slippery slope to boundaries violations without realizing it. I would like to share the five most common pitfalls for violating professional boundaries that I have witnessed in my practice to help you protect your professional license.
1) Do not give your client any gifts. Regardless of any economic hardships that your client may be suffering, you should never give any sort of gift to your client. This blurs the professional boundary between you and your client and jeopardizes your client's right to self-determination.
2) Do not buy your client a meal. This can be a very difficult pitfall to avoid, particularly if your client is struggling to put food on the table. However, it is outside your scope as a professional to provide basic needs. Instead, give your client information on local resources such as food banks or free community meals.
3) Do not give your client a ride to appointments. Again, if your client has limited resources they may have difficulty finding reliable transportation. However, it is a violation of your professional boundaries to provide transportation for your client. It is never appropriate for your client to be in your personal space, such as your home or car. It is also a violation to pay for cab or bus fare, which would be akin to a gift.
4) Do not tell inappropriate jokes or relay information that is too personal. Although humor and personal experience can be very effective in relating to a new client, it is important to be cautious about offending someone or potentially bearing too much personal information. It is important to remember that everyone comes from their own unique experiences and what's not offensive to you may be to someone else. A good rule is to only use humor and personal stories that would be appropriate for a kindergartner's ears.
5) Do not communicate with your client via text message or email. Text message and email tend to be casual forms of communication and it is easy to fall into casual communication styles that are not congruent with professionalism or professional boundaries. Additionally, text messages or emails are vulnerable to misinterpretation and are not secure means of communication. I recommend that communication with clients be solely through telephone as a best practice. If this is not possible and an alternative form of communication must be used, I recommend email. However, be sure your email address is exclusively used for professional purposes, is HIPAA compliant, and keep your message on point and brief. Never communicate with your client via text message and make this your patient policy.
These pointers apply to all types of licensed therapists, counselors, and social workers, including the following credentials: LSW, LGSW, LISW, LICSW, LMFT, LPC, LADC, LISCW, LISW, LDAC. Hopefully this has served as a good reminder for some best practices to ensure that you are upholding clear professional boundaries with your clients. If you have any questions about professional boundaries in your practice, or have received allegations from your licensing board, contact me for a free 30-minute consultation. I would be pleased to talk with you. At Lord + Heinlein, we are your powerful legal voice. |
0.979162 | To what extent are theological questions knowable? This chapter outlines some tools for addressing this question by first giving some plausible structural constraints on knowledge. These constraints include the absence of false beliefs in nearby worlds, connections to other mental states, and the relationship between knowledge and rationality and moral worth. Then it uses these constraints to explore the relationship between the possibility (or impossibility) of theological knowledge and various issues including private interpretation, faith, the problem of evil, religious diversity, and morally good action. Even with these relatively simple structural features of knowledge in hand, we can outline some potential difficulties for familiar discussions in the epistemology of theology, and point to some new considerations that bear on familiar questions. Thus we hope to show that careful thinking about the structural constraints on knowledge, especially as related to sceptical concerns, is of interest to familiar epistemological debates in theology. |
0.934073 | Civil religion stands somewhat above folk religion in its social and political status, since by definition it suffuses an entire society, or at least a segment of a society; and is often practised by leaders within that society.
Rousseau defined "civil religion" as a group of religious beliefs he believed to be universal, and which he believed governments had a right to uphold and maintain: belief in a deity, belief in an afterlife in which virtue is rewarded and vice punished; and belief in religious tolerance.
The sociology of religion is – among other elements – the study of the practices, social structures, historical backgrounds, development, universal themes, and roles of religion in society.
Sociologists of religion attempt to explain the effects that society has on religion and the effects that religion has on society; in other words, their dialectical relationship.
According to the Normal Revelations model, religions are founded when the founder interprets ordinary natural phenomena as supernatural; for instance, ascribing his or her own creativity in inventing the religion to that of the deity.
A state's civil religion has to be equally applied to all those of its citizens who see themselves as patriots to that state, and who maintain all the ideas connected with that patriotism and with the attributes of that state.
Practitioners of the American Civil Religion who fiercely uphold the principles of the American Constitution, and who by virtue thereof are liberal, will cling to America's national history and its founding fathers and will create for themselves an image of the American nation, as evidenced by their ritualistic celebration of Thanksgiving Day.
A distinguishing feature of civil religion in states whose populations originate from many different lands (like the USA, Canada and Israel), is the members' total severing of emotional ties with the history of the countries or people that they originated from before arriving in their new country.
Religion is the most organised and sophisticated form of the Totem institution- and it should be added-the Totem institution predates the institution of idol worship, from which Theistic religion originated.
As a matter of principle then, civil religion does not disapprove the existence of a Theistic religion within its borders, neither does it automatically seek to disenfranchise Theistic religions of their political status, nonetheless civil religion does have a strong tendency to seek exclusivity in the political realm.
Civil religion as a concept is mentioned in the writings of Rousseau which he associated with the religion that predominated during the French Revolution, a time when the Catholic religion lost its control over the day to day life of the state and on the laws that had prevailed in France.
Sherrill defines it this way: "American civil religion is a form of devotion, outlook and commitment that deeply and widely binds the citizens of the nation together with ideas they possess and express about the sacred nature, the sacred ideals, the sacred character, and sacred meanings of their country."
Civil religion does involve patriotism - when it is taken to mean the love and commitment to one's country.
The term "civil religion" was coined by Jean Jacques Rousseau in his treatise, "On the Social Contract" (1762), which was widely influential among America's founders.
Civil religion is an often unstudied and unacknowledged topic.
Some call it civil religion; some explain it in the terms of a "social contract"; some call it a "creed"; others say there's no such thing as any of it.
Civil religion is more easily understood though its direct expression than a dictionary-type definition.
Civil religion was the device that he hit upon to solve the dilemma by circumventing the problem of religious diversity, yet cementing man's religious allegiance to civil society.
As civil religion, however, has become an American cultural reality in the twentieth century, and since some writers have begun to insist that civil religion should be given constitutional protection, it is appropriate here to give both a basic description of American civil religion in its present form as well as its current constitutional status.
If the religion clauses do not allow for the enshrinement of a civil religion to explain their meaning, then we are essentially left to choose between the opposing paradigms of separationism and accommodationism, or some mix of the two.
Bellah suggested that Kennedy was doing exactly what his predecessors had done—referring to the unifying god of American civil religion, not any specific narrow denominational god or even the god organized religion like the Christian god, or Roman Catholic understanding of God.
Civil religion is not a state religion, but rather an expression that religionizes national values, national heroes, national history, and national ideals.
Civil religion is a cosmopolitan faith that is unifying, tolerant, and provides a banner under which all of us can pray.
Nevertheless, this idea of a natural religion of all religious institutions provides a bridge for us between the institutional religions, whether traditional or modern, and the "civil religion" that all Americans share whether they are formally religious or not.
In Beyond Belief 1 Bellah argues that the themes of American civil religion are derived from the Judeo-Christian tradition.
American civil religion is that transcendent loyalty to the values and purposes of American civilization that makes a community out of an individualistic and culturally diverse people.
I think it should be clear from the text that I conceive of the central tradition of the American civil religion not as a form of national self-worship but as the subordination of the nation to ethical principles that transcend it in terms of which it should be judged.
While the phrase “civil religion” was not used, to the best of my knowledge, by the founding fathers, and I am certainly not arguing for the particular influence of Rousseau, it is clear that similar ideas, as part of the cultural climate of the late eighteenth century, were to be found among the Americans.
Fortunately, since the American civil religion is not the worship of the American nation but an understanding of the American experience in the light of ultimate and universal reality, the reorganization entailed by such a new situation need not disrupt the American civil religion’s continuity.
Religion should not be barred from the public square, nor should religious organizations be barred from participating in government programs to provide social services.
This should include further investigation into the relationship between the practice of religion and the life of the nation, on the health of America's families and the content of its culture.
Studies show that religion is related to levels of paternal involvement in "one-on-one engagement, dinner with one's family, and volunteering for youth-related activities." In fact, "religion appears to make a unique contribution to paternal involvement" in the "specific attention that religious institutions dedicate to family life."
Civil religion instead often holds that God’s people are those who dwell in a particular nation-state and faithfully uphold their civic duties.
When the distinction between civil religion and biblical Christianity is kept clear, the former can at times serve as a helpful and even necessary source of civic virtue.
Civil religion is inseparable from history, particularly because it often bases itself on a distinctive view of the past.
It was "the religion of the republic," a vague but complex public myth whose symbolism was rooted explicitly in the biblical tradition-derivative of all biblical faiths but embodying none in particular-that served to legitimate national life.
In this sense, American civil religion is the glue, the transcendent loyalty to the values and purposes of American civilization, in an association of individualistic and culturally diverse people, that ties us into a community.
The liberal version of American civil religion, it should be noted, taps into a relatively deep reservoir of sentiment in the popular culture about the desirability of peace and justice.
"Civil religion" -- also known as "civic religion" or "ceremonial deism" -- figured prominently in the debate that swirled around a California atheist's challenge to the constitutionality of "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance recited in his daughter's public school classroom.
Souter could just as easily have used the term "civil religion," which was defined by the sociologist Robert N. Bellah in an influential 1967 essay as "a genuine apprehension of universal and transcendent religious reality as seen in or, one could almost say, as revealed through the experience of the American people."
One of the most provocative sessions at the seminar was devoted to the meaning of "civil religion" in today's religiously diverse America.
Though we don't have a governmentally enforced "civil religion" here in America, according to some, Rousseau's calls for a civil religion were instrumental in our founding era.
Yes religion can be a comfort and a guide, but we cannot take rules from our holy books and apply them to the modern world without democratic debate and due regard for the law.
Stout and Grasso demonstrate that religion constituted “the only terms out of which a national identity could be constructed and a violent war pursued.” (318-9) Religion, in other words, was not merely a rationalization, not merely ideology, but the very core of the Confederate nation.
Religion lay at the heart of who Americans were even as they killed one another in unthinkable numbers.
But if religion lies at the heart of everything from despair to exultation, from faith to doubt, from slavery to freedom, a sense of proportion may be hard to find.
Religion, considered in relation to society, which is either general or particular, may also be divided into two kinds: the religion of man, and that of the citizen.
There is a third sort of religion of a more singular kind, which gives men two codes of legislation, two rulers, and two countries, renders them subject to contradictory duties, and makes it impossible for them to be faithful both to religion and to citizenship.
Such are the religions of the Lamas and of the Japanese, and such is Roman Christianity, which may be called the religion of the priest.
The historical pitfalls which have attended the mixing of religion and politics is one of the reasons why many have sought a language for the public square that transcends religious categories.
It is left to Rouner to defend the view that American civil religion is an essential common bond which evokes peoples loyalty and provides them with a sense of being at home in a diverse, democratic society.
Though careful to distinguish it from religion, civil or otherwise, Neuhaus clearly affirms the need for this public philosophy to be attuned to the religious character of the American people.
Bellahs response clarifies what he meant by civil religion, a term he no longer uses to avoid semantic hassles and for the sake of substance.
There is a tradition of religion in our public life, which I described and called civil religion, that does assertand the central texts of that tra-dition do assertboth the higher authority of God over the nation and the fact that the nation is not absolute.
That religion, however, according to Rousseau, cannot be Christianity, for if it is "gospel" (pietistic) Christianity it is counterproductive to state interests, and if it is "pagan" (virile) Christianity it is subversive of the state.
Although all states are inescapably religious, at least the religion of the state depicted in Orwell's 1984 is obvious; by contrast, under the guise of civil religion, states can with impunity systematically subvert Christianity and rob true freedom from their citizens.
A prime stated goal of civil religion, according to Rousseau, is to defang the exclusivity of robust faiths that may compete with and supersede the statist faith.
Moreover, state support of an established religion tends to make the clergy unresponsive to their own people, and leads to corruption within religion itself.
Civil powers alone have been given to the President of the United States, and no authority to direct the religious exercises of his constituents." --Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Miller, 1808.
"The Christian religion, when divested of the rags in which they [the clergy] have enveloped it, and brought to the original purity and simplicity of it's benevolent institutor, is a religion of all others most friendly to liberty, science, and the freest expansion of the human mind." --Thomas Jefferson to Moses Robinson, 1801.
The "civic religion" of the Athenian Stranger differs from American "civil religion" in a crucial respect.
The basic notions of American civil religion--"sacrifice" "loyalty," "brotherhood" and "sisterhood," "freedom," "the American Dream"--are not clear and distinct ideas; they are all vague and cloudy.
He went on to argue that establishment of religion would violate the liberties of citizens; unbalance the equality among them; make civil magistrates judges of religious truth, which they are not competent to judge; corrupt the churches themselves; and jeopardize the multiculturalism that is fundamental to the American adventure.
By "religion" we mean a system of cosmological propositions grounded in a belief in a transcendant power expressed through a cult of divine being and giving rise to a set of ethical prescriptions.
This is true both for religions that aggressively kill the Other in the name of a deity or deities and those that pledge their devotees to self-sacrifice when confronted with violence.
Wherever religion is fervently embraced, it follows in the minds of many believers that it is entitled to glory in missions of conquest that reflect God's will.
A further preliminary is, however, important before turning to the central arguments of this article; it echoes very immediately the discussion of the term 'global civil religion' in the Plenary Session of the Association for the Sociology of Religion from which these papers emerge, more especially the contribution of George Thomas.
The paramount role of the state church in the evolution of European history is recognized by scholars of all disciplines, not least by sociologists of religion.
Incidental to this, but crucial to the argument, is the non-existence of forms of religion in Europe (not least a New Christian Right) which challenge the assumptions of the status quo. |
0.945143 | Currently, in sub-Saharan Africa 76% of primary school-aged children enroll in primary schools, of which only 53% complete primary school. Only 28% of those who complete primary school enroll in secondary schools, of which only 6% enter any tertiary education.
What is going wrong with the education system in this region? To answer this question we need to first address the following question: What does education really mean?
While there is much literature on “schooling” versus “education”, the target for MDG 2 is to “ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike are able to complete a full course of primary schooling.” Thus far, most efforts have focused on enrolling children in school, but are less concerned about completion. Simply enrolling children in school is not enough; children must gain basic competencies AND progress through the primary school system without dropping out.
In multiple countries there is a learning crisis. Despite enormous growth in enrollment rates across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian countries in recent years, several studies have shown that many children reach the final grades of primary school without having acquired the skills they are expected to achieve. This suggests that while the number of children in schools grows, the quality of education they receive remains either low or decreases. Ensuring students in early grades acquire basic literacy and mathematics skills is the foundation for further learning in later grades, is a contributing factor to reducing repetition and dropout, and to improving survival rate to the last grade of primary. This last point is one of the core indicators to track progress towards MDG2 on Universal Primary Education.
(1) Teacher Training: Are children not learning because teachers are not adequately prepared to teach? This is a factor that can be remedied. Both pre- and in-service teacher training needs to be critically reviewed. Are teachers taught to complete the syllabus, rather than ensuring that all children learn? The syllabus and its content take more of precedence in classroom teaching, rather than focusing on students being able to grasp basic competencies. This is coupled with complex textbooks that are not child friendly. Teacher education needs to be critically evaluated and should be combined with incentives based on merit (number of children learning, not the academic degree that the teacher has), community-based recognition, and teacher motivation.
There are many other ways parents can be involved, including active participation in the village councils and elected Government. Community-based meetings around student learning could be one form of community outreach.the MVP site of Bonsaaso, Ghana are responsible for coffee planting in the school compound. The funds from the sale of the coffee beans are given back to the school to supplement the school feeding program.
The Millennium Villages sites often have Community Education Workers (CEWs) who act as a bridge between the community and the schools. The CEWs conduct outreach efforts at the household level to improve enrollment and attendance. They engage with communities at community level meetings, and are involved in is monthly data collection at the school level. Basic information on attendance, performance and infrastructure is summarized in a one page ‘report card’ for each school. The MVP team can share these results at community meetings, and draw attention to the schools with lower pupil or teacher attendance, poor literacy rates, or lack of basic materials. Sharing data at the community level increases accountability and empowers them to seek change. Data are also going to be shared with local education officials, to ensure accountability and action.
(3) Establishing community-based learning: Teaching and learning should not be limited to just schools. Mwandama, Malawi presents an interesting case, where learning Community Education Workers run Village Learning Centers. Learning Centers are located within the community so children don’t have to walk from far, and classes are available free of charge.
The main purpose is to attract the out-of-school children and accelerate their learning, giving them the basic skills to enter or re-enter school. The Centers also serve as space for tutoring, homework clubs and remedial education. These after-hours approaches can be crucial in mitigating the achievement gap faced in these communities. Indeed, Pratham, the largest education NGO in the world, is already using supplemental community-based education programs to produce measurable advances in learning.
(4) Giving alternative education delivery models a chance: Since Dewey, we have been propagating the idea of organizing children in classrooms based on their abilities and not artificial grade levels. However, classes are still organized by grades rather than by circles of learning levels. Pratham-style volunteer teachers have been to be effective in improving learning as compared to a regular teacher teaching in class. These models have been well researched, however not implemented or adopted on a large scale. Traditional classroom practices with a teacher lecturing to a group of children sitting in a linear fashion far from the teacher and rote memorizing the notes simply copied from the blackboard still dominates majority classrooms settings. This traditional education should give way to tried and tested classroom management styles to facilitate learning.
Education should be relevant to the current economic needs. In many cases, completing eight years of compulsory education may or may not guarantee economic independence and families continue to make trade-offs between schooling and livelihood. There needs to be a bridge between education and livelihood that is useful for the family. In a rural setting this might end-up combining basic numeracy and literacy with farming practices, animal husbandry, working on school gardens etc. There are some unique examples from the Millennium Villages Project in Sauri, Kenya which has been able re-define education by contextualizing it the surrounding. More of these experiments should be encouraged.
For now, we need to keep asking the question: How should we promote learning and not just schooling? How can we shape education strategies based on “best practices” that have proven to be effective to improve learning levels? |
0.97705 | Why isn't your business optimised for mobile yet?
A mobile website is basically an adaptation of your website that is designed to fit within the constraints of a handheld mobile device ie. smartphone, tablet. A mobile site will allow for better functionality for your customers on the go and allow for location-sensitive information to be used.
Expand your website audience with a template designed app. Demand for apps are now huge with people eager to explore and delve into this growing phenomenon. |
0.997382 | Context. Investigating the relationship between radio and infrared emission of Hii regions may help shed light on the nature of the ionizing stars and the formation mechanism of early-type stars in general. Aims. We have taken advantage of recent unbiased surveys of the Galactic plane such as Herschel/Hi-GAL and VLA/CORNISH to study a bona fide sample of young Hii regions located in the Galactic longitude range 10°–65° by comparing the mid- and far-IR continuum emission to the radio free-free emission at 5 GHz. |
0.999995 | Trying to find out how to become a medical assistant in Delaware? Delaware medical assistants are among the most sought after in the nation due to the wide variety of medical practices available in the state and large amount of medical and clinical trial research that takes place there. Medical assistants make significantly more than home health aide workers and may even command a salary commensurate with Delaware paramedics. In most states, you can become a medical assistant immediately out of high school and begin to work in a variety of settings, including small practices and larger hospitals with outpatient care.
Medical assistants in Delaware are largely responsible for administrative tasks in a clinic or hospital setting. For example, they may handle billing, patient scheduling and other matters. Although they do not work directly in a medical capacity, many will have some basic medical training; they must be familiar with the different kinds of procedures and treatments available at their place of work. A medical assistant enjoys an entry-level position that can lead to several more advanced roles in the clerical side of the medical world. As a Delaware medical assistant, median salary approaches $30,000, while the Delaware starting salary may be between $18,000 and $20,000.
Starting salary will vary depending on the work environment that the medical assistant selects. Virtually every medical practice, no matter how large or small, will make use of a medical assistant. Because Delaware, like most other states, has few credentialing expectations for medical assistants, members of this profession can begin their career anywhere they find they fit in. In Delaware, medical assistants working for major hospitals like Kent General, Milford Memorial or Christiana Hospital will generally make more to begin and have more opportunities for on the job training. However, highly specialized small clinics may also offer a very competitive starting salary package.
To advance their careers, many medical assistants will choose to expand their skill set by enrolling in medical assistant programs in Delaware. The specific type of courses they take will depend on their ultimate career goal. For example, many a medical assistant in Delaware will choose an associate's degree aimed at becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant. This career requires intensive medical and anatomical study in Delaware, as well as a battery of tests. Others will focus on the administrative side of the job and may become medical billing specialists through any number of community college or online courses, increasing their median pay well over $32,000. Some eventually become medical sales representatives. |
0.995517 | Does human life have any meaning? Does the question even make sense today? For centuries, the question of the meaning or purpose of human life was assumed by scholars and theologians to have a religious answer: life has meaning because humans were made in the image of a good god. In the 19th century, however, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution changed everything-and the human organism was seen to be more machine than spirit. Ever since, with the rise of science and decline of religious belief, there has been growing interest - and growing doubt - about whether human life really does have meaning. If it does, where might we find it?The historian and philosopher of science Michael Ruse investigates this question, and wonders whether we can find a new meaning to life within Darwinian views of human nature. If God no longer exists-or if God no longer cares-rather than promoting a bleak nihilism, many Darwinians think we can convert Darwin into a form of secular humanism. Ruse explains that, in a tradition going back to the time of Darwin himself, and represented today by the evolutionist E. O. Wilson, evolution is seen as progress -- "from monad to man" - and that positive meaning is found in continuing and supporting this upwards path of life. In A Meaning to Life, Michael Ruse argues that this is a false turn, and there is no real progress in the evolutionary process. Rather, meaning in the Darwinian age can be found if we turn to a kind of Darwinian existentialism, seeing our evolved human nature as the source of all meaning, both in the intellectual and social worlds. Ruse argues that it is only by accepting our true nature - evolved over millennia - that humankind can truly find what is meaningful. |
0.999988 | For some, a day without chomping on a crunchy snack is incomplete. Unluckily though, most of the snacks are high in fat and in calorie content and are almost lacking different essential nutrients. One of the snacks that is a favorite of a lot of people is corn, specifically the sweetcorn. Are the corn kernels good for the health? What are the health benefits of sweetcorn? If you want to know the answers to these questions give this article a read!
The sweet corn is a certain species of maize, which vary genetically from the other species. The kernels of it are tender, delightful, and people eat it as as a vegetable in various cuisines all over the world. Contrary to the traditional field corn, the sweet corn is picked while its corn-ears have just reached the milky stage. Moreover, the cob is either frozen for the later use or be used immediately. It is frozen in order for its sugar to not turn into starch quickly.
Moreover, corn is native to Central America, which is then introduced to the world by the Spanish explorers. The sweetcorn varies genetically from the field corn through the mutation at the sugary locus. Furthermore, the crop has already achieved a huge success as one of the essential commercial cash crops in various semi-tropical and tropical countries, like the USA.
Several cultivars of the sweetcorn vary from their maturation, color, and sweetness. They are grown bearing in mind of the regional and local demands. Most of the farmers choose crops which attribute superior eating and keeping the quality and high harvests. Depending on what type of sweetcorn cultivar, the crop may be ready for harvest 65 to 90 days. The harvesting takes place when the silk end of the corn-ear is already full when the silk is already brown, and the kernels are already firm yet in the milky stage.
The sweetcorn is rich in highly essential nutrients that are useful for the body in various ways. As a matter of fact, it is beneficial in ensuring the idyllic functioning of various internal systems, including the cell generation. It is also able to prevent constipation and some other digestive issues. Sweetcorn is a blessing for those who are diabetic. This nutrient-rich starch snack is low in fat content and has zero saturated fat, cholesterol, or even sodium. It is also high in vitamin C and fiber.
Aids in digestion. The sweetcorn has an ample amount of dietary fiber. The insoluble fiber in it is beneficial in digestion, and also helps in preventing constipation. Those who experience irritable bowel condition and even diarrhea may also find relief after munching on sweetcorn.
Good for cardiovascular health. Sweetcorn is rich in omega-3 fatty acid. This is essential in the reduction of the risk of contracting heart conditions. The sweetcorn also contains oil that has good fatty acids in it.
Helps in preventing diabetes. The vitamin B content of sweetcorn is essential in regulating protein, carbs, and lipid metabolism. Not just that, the phytochemicals that are present in it also regulates the insulin release.
Helps in improving the vision. Sweetcorn kernels possess beta-carotene that is beneficial in producing vitamin A, which promotes better vision. Moreover, the carotenoid in it also helps in reducing macular degeneration that impairs the vision.
Lowers the cholesterol levels in the body. There is a soluble fiber in the sweetcorn, which is essential in lowering the levels of cholesterol in the body. Furthermore, there is also bioflavonoids and carotenoid in it, which helps in the control of the cholesterol in the blood.
Aids in anemia. There is a lot of vitamin B12 in the sweetcorn, same with folic acid and iron. Having less of these in the body may cause anemia. Therefore, eating sweetcorn is essential in preventing anemia. This is one of the best health benefits of sweetcorn, especially for those who experience anemia.
Helps in strengthening the hair strands. The lycopene, vitamin C, and other antioxidants in the sweetcorn is essential in strengthening the hair strands. this works effectively in hair loss.
There is no doubt, sweetcorn really is beneficial for the health.
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0.998728 | Find out how to get your career back on track after a long break.
1. Have realistic goals. Now that you’re starting to pick up the pieces, figure out what you’re really good at and how you can be of service to other companies. It’s better to focus on what you have to offer to find positions that will suit your expertise the most.
If you’re coming back from a long break, you have to make an effort to update your skills at some point. You don’t want your resume to end up at the bottom of the pile because you have outdated skills. Don’t let your break keep you from getting a job you truly deserve. Attend some seminars, learn a new skill related to your field, and gain more knowledge to help you compete with other applicants fairly.
2. Use the best tools. Make sure your resume and LinkedIn profile are updated in order to attract employers. If you haven’t been getting calls or interviews, it’s possible that you’re profile isn’t that appealing. Check your information for errors, including typos, misspellings, grammar issues, and other problems like formatting.
Don’t create a LinkedIn profile for the sake of having one. LinkedIn is an important tool if you want to be scouted by professionals in your field. Don’t have a carelessly created profile that waves red flags.
3. Be proactive. It’s okay to follow up on your applications whenever you’re a candidate for a position. Feel free to ask for advice and reach out to companies that are aligned with your goals. And whenever you can, attend different corporate events to help build your network. Take action to put yourself ahead of other applicants. Managers prefer hiring someone who has the initiative to solve problems from the get-go. |
0.999993 | What is the difference between appeals and actions?
An appeal is a solicitation to raise funds. An action is used to track communication with a constituent that is not associated with a specific request for funding. |
0.999993 | Hey, um... @Unionhawk? I just removed the suspension for an fbomb earlier. I know we're painfully inconstant for those things but do refrain from language like that. Stuff happens, and not all folks go "eh, did that affect anyone?" and think of a polite talking to as a way to deal with issues.
They're like "Oh but he was a terrorist bomb maker!" and like, okay? Y'all had him in custody, if that was the case he was already set to be punished, no extrajudicial murder involved!
CTV News: Yellow vest protests spread to Canada, criticizing illegal immigration, taxes.
@GodEmperorDune Yuuuuuup. Biggest of whew.
@TimStone does rick Scott have crabs?
Uhhhhhh I mean I'm gladly not sure about that but his typically Republican environmental policies did help encourage the formation of the red tide that killed the crabs!
The follow up question should have been "Okay so do you have values?" but was not because the answer would have been "no" or "money" |
0.997235 | Are you looking for a financial channel for your network's website's business and finance section?
We work with several national and local radio and television networks and provide them with solutions allowing them to display stock market information on their websites. Highlight your news and videos with quality content by using our widgets and financial channel. We offer a reliable and customizable platform that is easy to integrate and has excellent monetization capabilities. We provide media networks with white-label solutions that allows them to keep their branding and increase viewership on their websites. |
0.966172 | What flowers have seen a rise and fall in popularity?
60s - chrysanthemums were the first flowers grown on mass and put into cold storage. They were long-lasting and bred in colours appealing to the era (such as yellow). They had an 'earth mother' feel. Now, the chrysanthemum is relegated to cemeteries, supermarkets and, unfortunately, mother's day.
70s - carnations were cheap, big, fluffy, bold and brassy. It was a zany time and carnations fitted the era perfectly. However, the carnation was overused and often paired with babies breath. People tired of this flower and now you can only find it sold in supermarkets.
80s - the 80s "Me Me" generation wanted everything big - hair, shoulder pads and even flowers. So lilies, oriental and casablancas came to the fore. Big, expensive, over-the-top arrangements were the rage. Flowers were no exception in this, the era of excess.
90s - suddenly minimalism and the one leaf, one stem became popular. We are still in this era of floral zen.
There will be less use of flowers, if any. Simpler pieces like succulents will be used, focusing more on what would now be considered the' back-drop', such as leaves. There will be more permanent pieces and less use of vases in favour of pieces that stand on their own. People will stick to classic lines while bringing a lot more colour into the home. |
0.999717 | Fill the blanks in the nicknames of these NFL teams.
How much do you have to pay them to show up?
Or, how much do you have to pay the players on the field?
Rumor has it that Johnny Manziel had to take a pay cut to turn pro.
As a Redskins fan, I couldn't bring myself to answer the Cowboys question. If you want to read something logical and unbiased, stop reading now. I have never seen a more inappropriate nickname. A large number of teams have been around longer. Bob Ryan was referring to the popularity of the team during a snapshot in history (1978). America tends to root for excellence, which has been absent from the Cowboy's organization since 1995. Tony Romo? Really? The perennial underachiever is my favorite player in the NFL because he always breaks Texas hearts, but is guaranteed to remain. America is a democratic republic. Jerry Jones is a totalitarian tyrant. Maybe they should be North Korea's Team. Hey Jerry - have any minions clean your glasses lately? The Packers are older, have more people, and are owned by the fans - much more deserving of the nickname. Go Skins - I'm out!
There's no such thing as America's Team. It's a meaningless term with no defined metric by which it can be defended. By my reckoning, if you had to define a metric (one for which data can actually be looked up), it would probably be the team that draws the biggest crowds for their road games. Higher percentage of butts in seats = higher degree of fans scattered to the four winds across the country. Evaluating that metric back through 2006 (the first year ESPN has good road attendance data for all teams), the rankings would be: 1. Chicago 2. Dallas 3. Pittsburgh 4. NY Giants 5. Green Bay 6. Philadelphia. But keep in mind, we're talking about less than 1% of difference between Chicago and Philadelphia. So take that FWIW.
I agree. many other teams like the Packers or the Steelers are much more deserving of this title.
you are right, the Packers are America's team.
Seahawks fans should be called "Fans since 2011."
The list to the right of of the individual games used to include Random games, but now only has new and popular games. Why change it?
An oversight on my part which has now been fixed.
I agree with the long list of commenters above who believe Twelfth Man should be an acceptable answer. Was only trying it on a hunch & figured I had it wrong, so never even attempted 12th Man.
You could maybe add the Legion of Boom and No Fly Zone. The Seahawks' and Broncos' secondaries deserve some credit with their nicknames.
And then there's the Fearsome Foursome (LA Rams defensive line of the late 60s), the Over the Hill Gang (1972 Redskins defense), Air Coryell (late 70s SD Chargers offense), Ground Chuck (LA Rams/Bills/Seahawks running attacks under coach Chuck Knox), Doomsday Defense (1970s Cowboys defense), Killer B's (1982 Miami Dolphins defense), the Ain'ts (woeful 1980 NO Saints), Kardiac Kids (1980 Browns), and my favorite, the Electric Company (1970s Buffalo Bills offensive line, who blocked for OJ Simpson, in effect, turning on the Juice).
Raider Nation?? Please... that's probably the easiest one on their. Change it to "The Black Hole," the more appropriate name for the team, since the Raiders are falling into a hole of sadness. Yes, the Black Hole is an actual thing, look it up.
I live in Chicago, and the only reason I know the one for the Bears is because there's a bad comic in the Chicago Tribune called that nickname. |
0.968755 | How to make homemade candles. Making your own candles at home can be an inexpensive, enjoyable way to spend a day with your family. The art of candle making offers many options and you’re only limited by your imagination.
WHAT YOU’LL NEED: Although there are literally hundreds of products you can purchase to make a wide variety of candles styles, we’ll begin with a basic candle, and you can build your expertise from there.
1. WAX: A good, general all-purpose wax is plain old Paraffin Wax, often found in the canning section of your local grocery store and also available in craft and hardware stores.
2. SCENT: Herbs, cooking ingredients like Peppermint and Vanilla and spices work well.
3. COLOR: Food coloring, inks or dyes.
4. WICK: You’ll need something to insert into the candle that will allow it to burn. You can purchase wicks from any craft store or make your own by dipping cords or heavy string into warm wax and allowing to dry on a sheet of wax paper.
5. MOLD: This is what you will pour the hot wax into. Do you want your candle to be free standing or sit in a decorative container? Cans, glass and hard plastics work great for simple molds.
6. WAX CARRIER: A wax carrier is what you will use to heat the wax in as it melts. A double boiler is excellent, but you can use a saucepan filled with water as an alternative, placing the actual wax into an old coffee tin and then into the water for heating.
7. ADDITIVES: Though not necessary, you can add things to your wax for decorative purposes. Leaves, herbs, plastics and even jewelry can add pizzazz to your creation.
8. THERMOMETER: A candy thermometer will be fine.
9. MOLD RELEASE: You’ll need this to ensure that you can safely remove the hard wax from your mold without damaging your candle. Silicone spray, peanut oil or cooking spray oil will all work.
10. PENCILS/DOWELS: You’ll need one of these for each candle you’re constructing as a wick holder.
11. WOODEN SPOON: For stirring wax.
12. WICK CUTTER: Scissors work great.
Once you have your supplies in order, create a working space that will allow you to heat and transport warm or hot wax without too much difficulty. It’s good to clear off a fairly large amount of counter or table space so that your containers and candles can sit freely, without fear of tipping or being knocked over.
2. Always use a double boiler or the coffee cup in a can method to heat wax. Never place wax directly into a saucepan or heating device on it’s own.
4. Never overheat wax. Fumes from overheated wax can cause severe illness.
material, it’s time to make your candle.
2. As the wax is in the beginning stages of melting, spray the inside of your molds with peanut oil, cooking spray or silicone spray and set them aside in an area where it’s safe to pour the wax.
4. Once the wax has completely melted, you can add to it anything that you’d like. This is the proper time to add scents (a little goes a long way! No more than one teaspoon of oil or herbs is usually necessary.) and coloring. Gently stir the wax for a few moments, allowing the color to blend and the scent to mix.
6. As your wax is hardening, get your wicks, tying one end to the middle of a pencil. Slowly drop the free end of the wick into the wax, and rest the pencil on top of the mold. This will prevent your wick from falling into the wax as it’s hardening.
It will take several hours for your wax to harden to the proper consistency. Many experts recommend allowing your wax to harden overnight before attempting to remove your candles from their molds, but this may not always be necessary, depending on the size of your candle. Once the wax has hardened, you should be able to tip your mold upside down, allowing your new candle to slide out freely.
You can add decorations such as ribbons or flowers to the outside of your candle for gift giving, or place it in a decorative tray or box. Remember, you’re only limited by your imagination!
We Supply all the Materials that you need to start up your own candle making business. From Paraffin wax, wax additives, and other candle raw materials… candle wick, anchor, glass containers, coloring, scents, molds, machines, etc. just give us a call at # 09278792029 / 09193188318. You can also call us at (02)584-4525 / (046) 489-8609. or visit us at 139 Buhay na Tubig, Imus, Cavite. We Are open from Mon – Fri 8am-5pm. Look for Jan or Bernadette. |
0.999941 | The Harlingen Waterproof Steel Toe is an 8-inch tall TLX® Western Work Men's lace-up work boot features a golden brown leather exterior that utilizes high-tech construction of fully-waterproof shells and linings that will carry you through even the harshest conditions. It guarantees comfort with the TLX Performance® Comfort Package insole has multi-density foam to give you extra softness and shock absorption and its round steel toe provides maximum protection and exceeds ASTM F 2413-11, I75, C75 standards so you can confidently step in to any job. The rubber outsole shields you against open circuits of 18,000 volts or less under dry conditions and allows for stability and traction on various surfaces.
I've had these boots for awhile now and they have has no issues and really durable also. one other great thing about them is they are pretty water resistant when working in the rain.
4-5 years ago I picked a pair of these in Texas working a jobsite for the airforce. They have since then been put through the ringer in scrap yards, jobsites, and the outdoors all throughout the south eastern US.After all these years theyre aesthetically cut up and worn, but they are still comfortable, keep my feet dry, and have years of left of life left in them.The rubber on the bottom is also much higher quality than your average workboot. Roofing nails would occasionaly puncture through my old boots like they were made of butter. With the tony lamas that is no issue. I can actually feel im stepping on a nail before it punctures the boot from the resistance it gives.Its not something I thought about until after the purchase and experiencing the difference first hand.TL;DR great pair of work boots, have lasted me a number of years so far. |
0.999947 | A customer in a support email wrote the following.
I have a few questions but I want to say how much I really like your product. I am new to using the software but navigating fairly easily. |
0.945344 | The Prague Unitarian Congregation is the place where the Flower Communion came to life. How did it happen? In 1923, shortly after the Czech Unitarian movement was founded, Norbert Fabian Čapek felt the need to emphasize the difference of people and at the same time what they have in common. As he said, this celebration should not be a cheap substitute of the traditional Christian communion, it should, in a sense, mean more and reach further and not connect people through a certain ideology but provide space to unite each and one person, all people of good will. The main motive should be to emphasize human identity and unifying presence of life principle. |
0.955229 | This article is about the planet. You may be looking for the ship or Mrisst.
Mrlsst was a planet located in the Tapani sector's Freeworlds Territory on the Shapani Bypass. It was the homeworld of the Mrlssi and a voting member of the League of Tapani Freeworlds.
Mrlsst was the only planet in the sector with an indigenous alien race. It was a moist and humid world, with terrain dominated by marshes and sandy swamps. Nearly everywhere, one could find the towering greenstalk plants that grew all over the planet, except the poles.
Mrlsst Landscape (around Academy Main Hall).
A thick asteroid field surrounded the planet, which was used for raw materials and was the location of several research stations.
Mrlsst was the home of the famous Mrlsst Trade and Science Academy, the best university in the sector, and one of the best beyond the Core Worlds.
The first contact between the Mrlssi and Humans occurred sometime before 7000 BBY. Mrlsst joined the Galactic Republic shortly thereafter. Canny Mandary Bertar represented the planet in the Galactic Senate, and after the Republic was reorganized into the first Galactic Empire, the Imperial Senate.
Thousands of years ago, the planet's continents were unstable, resulting in frequent groundquakes and tidal waves; the natives became used to losing possessions amidst such disasters, and came to appreciate knowledge as a result. The planet had grown much more stable by the time of the Galactic Civil War, but the tradition of learning endured among the Mrlssi.
It was while en route to Mrlssi that the Margrave Octan's colonial transport from the Darpa sector, the Sun Runner, vanished c. 4000 BBY, when it attempted to make a supply run from the nearby jungle-moon Nallastia only a week after the colonists arrived on the Fondor satellite. The ship and its three precious power gems—known thereafter as the Lost Stars of Nallastia—were not found in subsequent searches until 23 BBY, when, in fulfillment of an ancient deathbed prophecy, they were discovered by Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi, with the help of the Margravine Quenelle, a descendant of the Royal Octans of the Darpa sector.
Jedi Master Daakman Barrek hailed from Mrlsst.
Shortly after the Battle of Endor, the planet was the site of a battle between Rogue Squadron and Imperial Captain Loka Hask for the control of Phantom Project, a new cloaking device technology. Hask was eventually defeated, but the planet suffered heavy casualities.
Alien Anthology places Mrlsst in the Expansion Region. |
0.949735 | Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a developmental process in which a single cell is converted into four haploid spores. GIP1, encoding a developmentally regulated protein phosphatase 1 interacting protein, is required for spore formation. Here we show that GIP1 and the protein phosphatase 1 encoded by GLC7 play essential roles in spore development. The gip1Δ mutant undergoes meiosis and prospore membrane formation normally, but is specifically defective in spore wall synthesis. We demonstrate that in wild-type cells, distinct layers of the spore wall are deposited in a specific temporal order, and that gip1Δ cells display a discrete arrest at the onset of spore wall deposition. Localization studies revealed that Gip1p and Glc7p colocalize with the septins in structures underlying the growing prospore membranes. Interestingly, in the gip1Δ mutant, not only is Glc7p localization altered, but septins are also delocalized. Similar phenotypes were observed in a glc7–136 mutant, which expresses a Glc7p defective in interacting with Gip1p. These results indicate that a Gip1p–Glc7p phosphatase complex is required for proper septin organization and initiation of spore wall formation during sporulation.
Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a developmental process in which a single diploid cell is converted into an ascus containing four haploid spores. Diploid cells subjected to nitrogen starvation in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source undergo two meiotic nuclear divisions, meiosis I and II, and packaging of the four resulting haploid nuclei into spores. Spore formation occurs in a series of well-defined steps (Lynn and Magee, 1970; Moens, 1971; Moens and Rapport, 1971; Neiman, 1998; Kupiec et al., 1997). Late in meiosis I, the spindle pole body (SPB)* undergoes a structural change and its outer plaque becomes enlarged. As cells enter meiosis II, secretory vesicles coalesce on the cytoplasmic surface of each outer plaque to form a novel intracellular membrane, termed the prospore membrane. The prospore membranes extend out as double membranes from the SPBs and engulf the adjacent nuclear lobes. After the completion of meiosis II, nuclear division gives rise to four haploid nuclei. At the same time, the ends of each double membrane meet and fuse with themselves, encapsulating the haploid nuclei to form prospores. Membrane closure triggers the final step of spore morphogenesis, spore wall formation. Spore wall materials are deposited in the luminal space between the two membranes derived from the prospore membrane.
The spore wall consists of four layers. The two inner layers are composed of glucan and mannan, components of the vegetative cell wall (Klis, 1994). The third layer is composed largely of chitosan, a glucosamine polymer, produced by the combined action of the chitin synthetase, Chs3p, and chitin deacetylases (Briza et al., 1988; Pammer et al., 1992; Christodoulidou et al., 1996; Mishra et al., 1997). The outermost layer consists largely of cross-linked dityrosine molecules (Briza et al., 1986). Dityrosine precursors are synthesized in the spore cytosol by the enzymes encoded by DIT1 and DIT2 (Briza et al., 1990, 1994). These genes are induced specifically around the time of prospore membrane closure. The chitosan and dityrosine layers are specific to spores, and provide much of the spore's resistance to environmental stress. Several mutants and genes related to spore wall formation have been isolated and characterized. Among these are genes coding for protein kinases, SPS1, SMK1, CAK1, and MPS1, and a gene encoding a nuclear protein, SWM1, raising the possibility that signal transduction pathways might regulate the spore wall formation (Friesen et al., 1994; Krisak et al., 1994; Wagner et al., 1997; Ufano et al., 1999; Straight et al., 2000).
Septins are a conserved family of proteins characterized by a central core domain and P-loop nucleotide-binding motif (Longtine et al., 1996; Kartmann and Roth, 2001). Most of them also contain a coiled-coil domain that could be involved in their assembly into filaments. In vegetatively growing yeast cells, septins localize to the bud neck and function as a scaffold interacting with a variety of proteins (DeMarini et al., 1997; Longtine et al., 2000). There are seven septin genes in S. cerevisiae, four of which are transcriptionally upregulated during sporulation: SPR3 and SPR28 are sporulation specific, and CDC3 and CDC10 are induced more than tenfold (Kaback and Feldberg, 1985; Chu et al., 1998; De Virgilio et al., 1996; Fares et al., 1996; Primig et al., 2000). During spore development, septin localization is different than that seen in vegetative cells (Fares et al., 1996). No septin localization to the cell periphery is seen. Rather, the septins appear in early meiosis II as four ring-like structures around each SPB. As the prospore membrane extends, septins disappear from the SPB region and display an extended band-like pattern underlying the prospore membrane. After closure of the prospore membrane, the septins become diffusely localized in the spore periphery (Fares et al., 1996). Surprisingly, disruption studies have revealed only modest sporulation defects in septin mutants; spr3Δ spr28Δ homozygous diploids and cdc10Δ diploids sporulate well (De Virgilio et al., 1996; Fares et al., 1996). Although no strong sporulation phenotype has been observed in septin mutants, their expression profile and specific localization suggest that they have some function in sporulation.
Protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) is a highly conserved phosphoserine-/phosphothreonine-specific protein phosphatase that plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, glycogen metabolism, glucose repression, and sporulation (Mumby and Walter, 1993; Depaoli-Roach et al., 1994; Shenolikar, 1994). In S. cerevisiae, PP1 is encoded by the essential gene GLC7 (Feng et al., 1991). Consistent with the multiple functions of Glc7p, the localization of this protein is dynamic throughout the cell cycle. In addition to a predominant nuclear localization, it is also observed at the SPB, bud neck, and actomyosin ring at distinct times in the cell cycle (Bloecher and Tatchell, 2000). The localization and substrate specificity of Glc7p are thought to be regulated by interaction with different targeting or regulatory subunits. For instance, bud neck localization of Glc7p requires the septin-binding protein Bni4p (unpublished data), and Gac1p is required to localize Glc7p to glycogen particles (Francois et al., 1992; Stuart et al., 1994). As in vegetative cells, there are multiple points at which GLC7 is required during sporulation, including premeiotic DNA synthesis and passage through meiosis I (Ramaswamy et al., 1998; Bailis and Roeder, 2000).
GIP1 encodes a potential developmentally regulated targeting subunit of Glc7p. GIP1 was isolated as a GLC7 interacting gene in a two-hybrid screen (Tu et al., 1996). This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation (Tu et al., 1996). GIP1 is a sporulation-specific gene and diploid strains homozygous for a deletion of this gene are blocked in sporulation and fail to induce SPS100, one of the very late sporulation genes (Tu et al., 1996). Additionally, several glc7 mutant alleles defective in sporulation have been isolated, and in most instances sporulation efficiency correlates with the strength of the two-hybrid interaction between the glc7 mutant protein and Gip1p (Baker et al., 1997; Ramaswamy et al., 1998). These previous reports raise the possibility that GIP1 dependent regulation of Glc7p might be important for sporulation.
In this study, we examine the roles of GIP1 and GLC7 in sporulation. Cytological analyses of mutant strains revealed that GIP1 and GLC7 are required for spore wall formation. Both proteins are found to colocalize with septins and are required for septin assembly during sporulation. These results suggest that GIP1 and GLC7, and perhaps the septins, participate in a signal transduction pathway necessary to monitor prospore membrane growth and initiate the synthesis of the spore wall.
To investigate the essential role of GIP1 during sporulation, we examined where in the process of sporulation gip1Δ cells are defective. First, a homozygous gip1Δ mutant strain, NY501 (Table I) , was constructed in the rapidly sporulating SK1 background (Kane and Roth, 1974), and the progression of meiosis was monitored using the DNA-binding dye DAPI. In wild-type and gip1Δ mutant cells, the number of nuclei seen in each cell increased from one to two, then to four, with nearly identical kinetics (Fig. 1). This indicates that meiosis I and II proceed normally in the gip1Δ mutant, and suggests that the sporulation defect in gip1Δ mutants must be due to a failure in some aspect of spore packaging.
Meiotic progression is normal in the gip1Δ mutant. At each time point, aliquots of strains AN120 (GIP1/GIP1, thin line) and NY501(gip1Δ/gip1Δ, thick line) were removed from sporulation medium, stained with DAPI, and analyzed for meiotic progression. Percentage of mononucleate (▪), binucleate (▴), and tetranucleate (•) cells are shown. At least 200 cells were counted at each time point.
To examine this possibility, EM analysis of sporulating wild-type and the gip1Δ mutant cells was performed. In wild-type cells, prospore membranes capturing each nucleus were observed (Fig. 2 A), and at later stages, spore walls were seen between each of the inner and outer membrane surrounding the spore nucleus (Fig. 2 B). In gip1Δ cells, prospore membranes resembling those in wild-type cells were also observed capturing nuclei (Fig. 2, C and D). Yet strikingly, no spore walls were observed in the mutant cells. The inner and outer membranes derived from each prospore membrane remained closely apposed, suggesting that no spore wall material was deposited. The gip1Δ cells also displayed a proliferation of darkly staining material around the ascal surface (*, Fig. 2, C and D). Accumulation of similar material has been observed in some spore wall defective mutants (Christodoulidou et al., 1999; Wagner et al., 1999). These data suggest that GIP1 is required to initiate spore wall formation.
Thegip1Δ mutant fails to form spore walls. EM analysis of GIP1 (NH144, A and B) and homozygous gip1Δ mutant (AN103, C and D) cells at a late stage of sporulation. Prospore membranes (PrM); spore walls (SW); and nuclei (N) are indicated. *, Darkly staining material formed in the ascal cytoplasm of gip1 mutants. Bar, 500 nm.
Although the EM study indicated a lack of spore wall material in the gip1 mutant, we could not rule out the possibility that there are some components or layers of spore wall deposited that are not clearly visible by EM. Dityrosine-containing macromolecules can be observed by their natural fluorescence (Briza et al., 1990). Thus, to examine whether the dityrosine layer is formed in gip1Δ mutant, we assayed the sporulated gip1Δ mutant for dityrosine fluorescence. Dityrosine fluorescence was absent in the gip1Δ mutant (unpublished data), indicating that no dityrosine is produced in this mutant.
The DIT1 gene is required for the synthesis of dityrosine and expression of DIT1 is induced in sporulation before SPS100, but after middle genes such as GIP1 or SPR3 (Briza et al., 1990; Chu et al., 1998; Primig et al., 2000). GIP1 is required for expression of the late gene SPS100 (Tu et al., 1996). This previously described effect of gip1Δ mutation on SPS100 expression, as well as the lack of dityrosine fluorescence, led us to examine DIT1 expression in the gip1Δ mutant. A DIT1–lacZ fusion gene was introduced into wild-type and gip1Δ mutant strains. As a control, a lacZ fusion to SPR3 was used. Whereas SPR3–lacZ was induced with the same kinetics in the isogenic wild-type and gip1Δ diploids, no induction of DIT1–lacZ was observed when GIP1 was absent (Fig. 3). Thus, the absence of dityrosine staining in the gip1Δ mutant can be explained by the failure to transcribe DIT1.
DIT1–lacZ is not induced in gip1Δ cells. Sporulating cultures of AN120 (GIP1/GIP1, ▵) and NY501 (gip1Δ/gip1Δ, □) carrying either (A) SPR3–lacZ or (B) DIT1–lacZ were analyzed at various time points for β-galactosidase activity. β-galactosidase activity is given in Miller Units.
To examine the formation of spore wall layers other than the dityrosine layer, a series of fluorescent markers was used. The mannan layer was visualized using the mannose-binding lectin concanavalin A coupled to FITC. A monoclonal antibody directed against β1–3Glucan was used to identify the glucan layer, and the chitin-binding dye Calcofluor white was used to visualize the chitosan layer. The use of secondary antibodies conjugated to a red fluor to localize the glucan antibodies allowed all three markers to be used simultaneously. As shown in Fig. 4, the staining patterns of wild-type asci varied according to the stage of spore development. After counting and classifying these asci, we ordered the patterns as follows (Table II) : when cells are in the stage of the prospore membrane formation and extension, those membranes are stained only with FITC-ConA (Class 2). Approximately 30% of cells showed this pattern at the seven hour time point. Subsequently, a population of cells appears that is positive for both FITC-ConA and anti-β1–3Glucan (Class 3). At the 7- and 8-h time points, ∼20% of the cells showed staining with anti-β1–3Glucan in the spore precursors. After a transient period of triply positive staining (Class 4), the ascus loses anti-β1–3Glucan staining (Class 5). At this point, the FITC-conA staining pattern changes to stain only the spore periphery. Finally, Calcofluor white no longer stains the spore wall (Class 6). Therefore, these markers allow all the major spore wall polysaccharides to be visualized during the course of spore wall formation and suggest that these components are deposited in a specific sequence: mannan before glucan before chitosan.
Analysis of spore wall formation in wild type and gip1Δ mutant. (A–O) Samples were removed from sporulating culture of AN120 (GIP1/GIP1) at 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-h time points, subjected to the immunofluorescence analysis of spore walls as described in Materials and methods. Classification of the cells are described in Results. (A, D, G, J, and M) FITC-ConA staining; (B, E, H, K, and N) Anti-β-glucan staining; (C, F, I, L, and O) Calcofluor white staining. (P–R) NY501 (gip1Δ / gip1Δ) was sporulated and subjected to the immunofluorescence analysis of spore walls. (P) FITC-ConA staining; (Q) Anti–β-glucan staining; (R) Calcofluor white staining.
To examine the spore wall defect of gip1Δ, we applied this method to gip1Δ mutant cells. As in wild-type cells, the developing prospore membranes stained with FITC-ConA (Fig. 4, P–R). However, the gip1Δ mutant cells never progressed to show anti-β1–3Glucan or Calcofluor white staining. Taken together with the lack of the dityrosine layer, these results indicate that the prospore wall in gip1Δ mutants contains only those mannoproteins present during prospore membrane formation. No additional spore wall material is deposited at the completion of prospore membrane synthesis.
To examine where in the cell Gip1p functions, the Gip1 protein was localized by immunofluorescence analysis. COOH-terminal–tagged versions of Gip1p were nonfunctional (unpublished data). Therefore, targeted integration was used to fuse the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope to the 5′ end of the GIP1 gene. To preserve the sporulation-specific expression of GIP1, the fusion gene was under the control of SPO20 promoter. SPO20 is a sporulation specific gene (Neiman, 1998) with a similar expression profile to GIP1 (Chu et al., 1998). When NY509 (in which both copies of the genomic GIP1 genes are replaced with the fusion gene) was sporulated, the efficiency of sporulation was similar to wild-type cells (82% asci). However, only 26% of the asci were tetrads, with the remainder predominantly dyads and triads, suggesting that the fusion gene is not completely functional. When the fusion gene was cloned into a multicopy vector and introduced into the homozygous gip1 deletion strain, NY501, NY501 produced tetrads at a comparable level (>60%) to the wild-type strain. This strain carrying multicopy HA-GIP1 was therefore used for examination of Gip1p localization.
Gip1p localization during sporulation was examined by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-HA antibodies. HA–Gip1p appears initially in sporulating cells as four rings during meiosis II, and then localizes to the region of extending prospore membranes following the leading edge (Fig. 5). At this stage, parallel bar-like structures were observed. After completion of meiosis II, round structures surrounding the four nuclei were seen. Identical results were obtained when the integrated HA–GIP1 was examined, indicating that the localization is not a consequence of overexpression (unpublished data). This localization pattern of Gip1p resembles the reported localization of septins during sporulation. Therefore, we examined whether Gip1p colocalizes with septins. Gip1p–HA and Spr28p–green fluorescent protein (GFP) were expressed in wild type cells and their localization during sporulation was compared. The distribution of the two proteins overlapped extensively with each other (Fig. 6, A–D). These results indicate that Gip1p colocalizes with septins during spore formation.
Localization of HA-Gip1p in sporulating cells. NY501 (gip1Δ / gip1Δ) carrying 2 μ HA-GIP1 was sporulated and analyzed by immunofluorescence. (A–E) Anti-HA antibody staining is shown. (F–J) Staining of the same cells with DAPI.
HA-Gip1p colocalizes with septins and GFP-Glc7p. (A to D) AN120 carrying both pCEN-SPR28-GFP and 2μ HA-GIP1 was sporulated for 7 h and analyzed by staining with anti-HA antibodies. (A) GFP fluorescence. (B) Anti-HA staining. (C) Merge of A and B. (D) DAPI staining of the same cell. (E to H) AN120 carrying both GFP-GLC7 and 2 μ HA-GIP1 was sporulated for 7 h and analyzed by staining with anti-HA antibodies. (E) GFP fluorescence; (F) Anti-HA staining; (G) Merge of E and F; (H) DAPI staining of the same cell.
To determine if the bar-like pattern of Gip1p represents a section through a more complicated structure, image stacks were collected and three dimensional renderings made. Quicktime movies displaying the resulting images are available at http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/jcb.200107008/DC1. The results indicate that the Gip1p-containing structures are actually pairs of parallel sheets that appear as bars when optically sectioned.
Because GIP1 encodes a potential Glc7p targeting protein, we examined Glc7p localization in sporulating cells. GFP–GLC7 was introduced into the wild-type strain and the localization of the fusion protein was observed by GFP fluorescence (Fig. 7). Early in sporulation, cells displayed a predominant nuclear staining with a bright nucleolar dot as observed in vegetative cells (Bloecher and Tatchell, 2000). In early meiosis II, in addition to the nuclear staining, four dots were observed near the nuclear periphery suggesting some Glc7p is localized to the SPB. At later stages of meiosis II, Glc7p clearly displayed a bar-like pattern that resembles those of Spr28p and Gip1p. Finally, in postmeiotic cells, Glc7p was again found predominantly in the spore nucleus. These observations indicate that the localization of Glc7p is dynamic during sporulation, and that Glc7p displays a similar localization pattern to Gip1p and Spr28p during meiosis II.
Localization of GFP-Glc7p during sporulation. AN120 carrying GFP-GLC7 was sporulated and GFP fluorescence was observed. (A–F) GFP fluorescence; (G–L) DAPI staining of corresponding cells in A–F.
To confirm this last point, colocalization of Gip1p and Glc7p was examined directly. GIP1–HA and GFP-GLC7 were expressed in AN120 and the localization of the proteins was analyzed. The distribution of the two proteins showed extensive overlap (Fig. 6, E–H), indicating that Glc7p colocalizes with Gip1p. Taken together with the immunofluorescence analysis of Gip1p and Spr28p, these results demonstrate that Gip1p and Glc7p colocalize with septins during meiosis II.
By analogy to other Glc7p targeting proteins, Gip1p might be a targeting subunit that recruits Glc7p to the septins at the prospore membrane. To test this hypothesis, we examined the localization of Glc7p in the gip1Δ mutant. In this strain, Glc7p did not show a septin-like staining pattern in meiosis II. Instead, it often showed cytosolic staining with four discrete dots, which may indicate SPB localization (Fig. 8 C). Thus, localization of Glc7p to the prospore membrane is dependent on GIP1.
Localization pattern of GFP-Glc7p and Spr28p-GFP are altered in the gip1 mutant. AN120 (GIP1/GIP1) and NY501 (gip1Δ / gip1Δ) carrying either GFP-GLC7 or pCEN-SPR28-GFP were sporulated and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. (A) GFP-Glc7p localization in AN120. (B) DAPI staining of cell in A. (C) GFP-Glc7p localization in NY501. (D) DAPI staining of cells in C. (E) Spr28p-GFP localization in AN120. (F) DAPI staining of cells in E. (G and I) Spr28p-GFP localization in NY501 (H and J) DAPI staining of cells in G and I, respectively.
Similar to their function at the bud neck of vegetative cells, the septins may serve as a scaffold to which Gip1p recruits Glc7p. Alternatively, recruitment of Glc7p might be important for the organization of the septins themselves. To address these possibilities, we examined Spr28p localization in the gip1Δ mutant. We found that Spr28p is delocalized in many of the mutant cells (Fig. 8, G and I). In postmeiotic cells, ∼20% of the mutant cells showed a ring-like pattern surrounding four nuclei, indicating localization to the periphery of the prospore. The majority of cells showed only a uniform cytosolic staining pattern. Importantly, in cells in meiosis II, a pattern of bars like those in wild-type cells was only rarely observed (<1%). Similar results were obtained using antibodies to a second sporulation-specific septin Spr3p (unpublished data). Thus, Gip1p does not serve simply as a targeting subunit to connect Glc7p to the septins; rather, GIP1 is required for proper septin organization and the failure of Glc7p to localize to the prospore membrane in gip1Δ cells may reflect the absence of septin structures.
DON1 encodes a coiled-coil protein that localizes to a ring-like structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane, and this structure is distinct from the septin bars that underlie the prospore membrane (Knop and Strasser, 2000). To examine whether the effect of gip1 deletion is specific to septins or is perhaps a more general effect on prospore membrane–associated structures, we examined the localization of Don1p in the gip1Δ mutant. DON1-GFP was introduced into wild type and gip1Δ cells, and the localization of the fusion protein was observed using anti-GFP antibodies. In both wild-type and gip1Δ cells, ring-like structures were observed at the lip of the prospore membranes (Fig. 9). Thus, assembly of the Don1p ring is not affected by gip1 deletion, suggesting that the effects of gip1Δ are specific to assembly of the septin complex.
Don1p ring is formed normally in the gip1Δ mutant. AN120 (GIP1/GIP1) and NY501 (gip1Δ / gip1Δ) carrying DON1-GFP were sporulated and analyzed by immunofluorescence using anti-GFP antibodies. (A) Don1p-GFP localization in AN120. (B) DAPI staining of cell in A. (C) Don1p-GFP localization in NY501. (D) DAPI staining of cell in C.
To determine whether the phenotypes of the gip1Δ mutant are caused by a failure to properly localize Glc7p or a second function of the Gip1 protein, we examined the sporulation phenotype of a strain carrying the glc7–136 allele. The glc7–136 mutant causes a sporulation defect (Baker et al., 1997), and the protein is defective in interaction with Gip1p (unpublished data). Thus, if the sporulation defect of the gip1Δ mutant is due to altered localization of Glc7p, the glc7–136 mutant should display similar phenotypes. EM analysis of SB247, a glc7–136 mutant in the JC482 background (Baker et al., 1997), was performed. The cytological phenotype of glc7–136 was more heterogeneous than gip1Δ, probably due to the leaky sporulation defect of the mutant (2% asci). Nonetheless, a significant fraction of the cells (50%) displayed prospores with no apparent deposition of spore wall material (Fig. 10 A), similar to the gip1Δ mutant (Fig. 2). Thus, glc7–136 mutant cells display a block to spore wall deposition similar to that seen in the gip1 deletion strain.
glc7–136 mutants show a similar phenotype to the gip1Δ mutant. (A) SB247 (glc7–136/glc7–136) at a late stage of sporulation was analyzed by transmission EM. Prospore membranes (PrM) and nucleus (N) are indicated. (B–I) NY527 (glc7–136/glc7–136) harboring either pCEN-SPR28-GFP or 2 μ HA-GIP1 was sporulated and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. (B and D) anti-GFP staining; (C and E) DAPI staining of cells in B and D, respectively; (F and H) Anti-HA staining; (G and I) DAPI staining of cells in F and H, respectively. Bar, 500 nm.
To examine the localization of Spr28p and Gip1p in the glc7–136 strain, the glc7–136 mutation was introduced into the same SK1 strains used for the gip1 analysis. As in the JC482 background, the glc7–136 mutant is leaky in SK1, giving 5% asci. SPR28-GFP and HA–GIP1 were introduced into NY527, and the proteins were localized by immunofluorescence. Most of the cells expressing SPR28-GFP displayed uniform cytosolic staining. In ∼30% of the cells, staining of the spore periphery was observed, as is the case with septin localization in the gip1Δ mutant (Fig. 10, B and D). HA–Gip1p displayed similar localization defects to Spr28p-GFP in the glc7–136 strain (Fig. 10, F and H). Thus, as with the spore wall, the glc7–136 mutant shows similar septin organization defects to the gip1Δ mutant. Further, Gip1p and Glc7p are interdependent for localization; interaction of the two proteins is required for either to localize to the prospore membrane. Taken together, these data indicate that Gip1p and Glc7p function together to promote both organization of the septins and spore wall formation.
Strains deleted for GIP1 display two clear phenotypes, a block to spore wall formation and delocalization of the septins from the forming prospore membrane. The spore wall phenotype of GIP1 mutants is a discrete arrest at the initiation of spore wall formation. In wild-type cells, deposition of spore wall material is never seen until after the closure of the prospore membrane (Lynn and Magee, 1970). Consistent with this cytological observation, expression of the DIT1 gene appears to occur after prospore closure (Briza et al., 1990). These observations suggest that the cell must have some mechanism to trigger spore wall formation in response to prospore membrane closure. Given their colocalization with septins, the Gip1p–Glc7p holoenzyme would be ideally located to participate in this process. Though we favor the idea that this phosphatase complex acts as a monitor to signal the closure of the prospore membrane, we cannot at present rule out the possibility that the Gip1p–Glc7p phosphatase is required for membrane closure itself. A defect in either membrane closure or the ability to sense that the membrane has closed would result in a failure to initiate spore wall formation.
CHS3 encodes the chitin synthase responsible for the synthesis of the chitosan layer. In contrast to DIT1, the CHS3 gene is not transcriptionally induced during sporulation (Pammer et al., 1992). Therefore, the failure of gip1Δ mutants to produce chitosan suggests that GIP1 may be required for posttranslational regulation of this enzyme. In vegetative cells, Chs3p activity is controlled in part by regulated recycling through an endosomal compartment (Ziman et al., 1998). It will be of interest to examine the localization of Chs3p in sporulating wild-type and gip1Δ cells.
Previous studies have shown that Calcofluor white transiently stains the chitosan layer of the developing spore (Briza et al., 1990). The loss of Calcoflour white staining in mature asci is due to maturation of the overlying dityrosine layer blocking access of the dye to its ligand (Briza et al., 1988, 1990). We interpret the transient staining of spores with the anti–β-glucan antibody in the same way. That is, spores are positive for staining until the overlying chitosan layer forms and obscures access of the antibody to the glucan layer. Surprisingly, staining with FITC-ConA is not lost as spores mature, even though the inner mannan layer should also be obscured as the outer layers form. However, at the same time that β-glucan staining is lost, the appearance of the FITC-ConA staining changes markedly. This change probably reflects a loss of access to the mannan layer of the inner spore wall, but residual staining of mannoproteins present in the outer prospore membrane or ascal cytoplasm condensed around the spores. Thus, our immunofluorescence assay of spore wall formation suggests a definitive order of spore wall assembly. Mannoproteins are deposited as the prospore membrane forms. After prospore membrane closure, the glucan layer forms, followed by the chitosan layer and finally the dityrosine layer.
Surprisingly, the layers are deposited from innermost to outermost, with respect to the spore cytoplasm. This suggests that precursors to the chitosan and dityrosine layer must be able to pass through the glucan and mannan layers before assembling. Alternatively, some of the spore wall layers may be constructed from precursors introduced from the ascal cytoplasm rather than the spore cytosol. This possibility has been suggested previously based on specific localization of some sporulation-induced transcripts to the ascal cytoplasm (Kurtz and Lindquist, 1986), and is also consistent with the accumulation of darkly staining vesicles in the region of the ascal cytoplasm surrounding the prospores that is seen in gip1Δ (Fig. 2) and other spore wall–defective mutants (Christodoulidou et al., 1999; Wagner et al., 1999).
Relationship of GIP1 to other spore wall synthesis genes.
Our data indicate that not only is spore wall deposition coordinated with respect to prospore membrane closure, but also a temporal order of deposition, glucan before chitosan before dityrosine, must be maintained. Previously reported spore wall–defective mutants fall broadly into one of two categories: those such as dit1 or chs3 that remove specific spore wall layers (Briza et al., 1990; Pammer et al., 1992), or those such as smk1 and swm1 in which individual spores within an ascus display heterogeneous wall defects (Krisak et al., 1994; Ufano et al., 1999). The heterogeneous spore wall defects seen in these latter mutants could result from an inability to coordinate the timing of deposition within individual spores.
SMK1 is particularly interesting in this regard. Though deletion of SMK1 causes a heterogeneous spore wall phenotype, point mutations produce more homogeneous arrests (Wagner et al., 1999). In the most severe allele, smk1–4, this arrest appears similar to gip1Δ. Further, it has been reported that formation of the glucan, chitosan, and dityrosine layers requires increasing levels of Smk1p activity, respectively (Wagner et al., 1999). As this matches the temporal order of deposition of these layers, SMK1 activity might provide a mechanism to control the timing of synthesis of the different layers. Gip1p–Glc7p phosphatase could control the initiation of spore wall synthesis, at least in part, by regulating the activation of Smk1p.
The Gip1p–Glc7p complex colocalizes with the septins during prospore membrane growth and the first evident phenotype of the gip1Δ mutation is not the spore wall defect, but a failure to organize the septins onto the prospore membrane. However, at times after prospore closure, in a fraction of the gip1Δ mutant cells the septins can be found in the spore periphery as in wild-type cells. These results indicate a specific requirement for the Gip1p–Glc7p phosphatase to organize the septins into structures associated with the growing prospore membrane. Whether this effect is mediated by direct dephosphorylation of the septin proteins or some other modifier of septin organization is not yet known. In vegetative cells, mutation of several different protein kinases has effects on organization of the septin ring (Bouquin et al., 2000; Longtine et al., 2000). For instance, mutation of GIN4 leads to the arrangement of the septins as a series of parallel bars (Longtine et al., 1998a). It has not yet been reported whether any of the septin proteins are direct substrates of any of these kinases. Nonetheless, taken together with our results, it seems likely that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation regulate septin architecture.
The fact that septins are lost from the prospore membrane in the gip1Δ mutant but that the prospore membrane nonetheless forms, indicates that the septins are not required for membrane assembly or growth. One possibility is that the septins function to keep Gip1p–Glc7p associated with the prospore membrane. In this instance, mutation of the septin genes might cause a similar spore wall phenotype to the gip1Δ mutation. However, no significant sporulation phenotype has been reported in septin mutants (De Virgilio et al., 1996; Fares et al., 1996). Therefore, it remains to be determined whether the spore wall and septin phenotypes of the gip1Δ mutant are linked, or whether they represent two independent aspects of Gip1p–Glc7p function.
In higher cells, as in yeast, septins are found at sites of cytokinesis (Neufeld and Rubin, 1994; Kinoshita et al., 1997). However, in contrast to mitotic yeast cells, the septins of higher cells exhibit dynamic localization and are often found in association with regions of active membrane growth (Fares et al., 1995; Kinoshita et al., 1997; Hsu et al., 1998). Thus, the behavior of septins during sporulation is similar to that in higher cells. Our results indicate that the Gip1p–Glc7p complex is required to organize the septins onto the prospore membrane. Given the high degree of conservation of PP1, it will be of interest to learn if septin organization is also regulated by this enzyme in higher cells.
Bailis and Roeder (2000) have reported that GLC7-dependent dephosphorylation of the synaptonemal complex component Red1p is required for progression through the meiotic pachytene checkpoint. In contrast to our findings, this study reported that gip1Δ mutants arrest in pachytene. Further, GIP1 was required for the localization of Glc7p to meiotic chromosomes and overexpression of GLC7 suppressed the gip1Δ sporulation defect. From these results it was suggested that the function of Gip1p is to target Glc7p to meiotic chromosomes. We found no evidence of a meiotic arrest in gip1Δ in two different strain backgrounds, SK1 (Fig. 1) and JC482. Additionally, overexpression of GLC7 does not relieve the spore formation defect of gip1Δ mutants in our strains (unpublished data), as was observed in the BR strain background (Bailis and Roeder, 2000). The reason for the differing phenotypes of gip1Δ in different strain backgrounds remains unclear; however, our results clearly demonstrate roles for GIP1 and GLC7 in postmeiotic events.
In sum, our data suggest a model in which Gip1p is induced during sporulation, binds to Glc7p, and the Gip1p–Glc7p complex then organizes the septins onto the prospore membrane. The Gip1p–Glc7p complex remains associated with the septins during meiosis II, and this places the phosphatase in a position to act as a monitor of prospore membrane growth. Upon closure of the prospore membrane, we propose that Gip1p and Glc7p initiate a signaling cascade that triggers events leading to the synthesis of the spore wall. This includes the induction of DIT1 as well as the activation of chitin and β-glucan synthases. Further work will be necessary to elucidate the nature of this intracellular signaling pathway.
S. cerevisiae strains used in this work are listed in Table I. AN103 was created by selection of 5-fluoroorotic acid–resistant derivatives of MCY3259 (Tu et al., 1996). To construct NY501, AN117–4B and AN117–16D (Neiman et al., 2000) were transformed with PvuII-digested pJT26-HIS3 (Tu et al., 1996) to produce NY1 and NY2, respectively. For this and all other integrations, proper arrangement of the genomic locus was confirmed by PCR. These strains are mated to create diploid NY501. To create a strain carrying NH2 terminally HA-tagged GIP1 under control of the SPO20 promoter, pFA6a-His3MX6-prSPO20-HA was subjected to PCR with HT1 (5′-CTATTTTCTTCCTCCTTGCCTATTCGTTTGGTGGCTTTCTTTATAATTCGGAATTCGAGCTC-GTTTAAAC-3′) and HT2 (5′-CTTTTCAAAGACTCAAATGGTCTAGCCTTTGGCTGCAAAATAGTTTCCATTTTGTATAGTTCATCCATGC-3′), and the product was used to transform AN117–4B and AN117–16D to obtain NY13 and NY14, respectively. These strains were mated to create diploid NY509. To create the DON1–GFP fusion gene in yeast, pFA6a-GFP (S65T)-His3MX6 (Longtine et al., 1998b) was amplified with HT15 (5′-AAGATGAAAAAAAGCAGGTTCATCCATCTAGCAAGAATTAAGTTTTACGCGGATCCCCGGGT-TAATTAA-3′) and HT16 (5′-AAAGGCAAATAAGCGCAGAAGAAGCAATGGTGGTGTCTGTTCATTGCGAGGAATTCGAGCTCGTTTAAAC-3′), and the product was used to transform AN117–4B to create NY17. To construct NY527, the his5+ gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was amplified from pFA6a-His3MX6 (Longtine et al., 1998b) with HT28 (5′-AACTGGGGAGAGGAAAGCAGATTACCACAATATACATTCAAATTAAAGAACGGAT-CCCCGGGTTAATTAA-3′) and HT29 (5′-TAATAAGTATTTTCCTTTTTAAACTTTGATTTAGGACGTGAATCTATTTAGAATTCGAGCTCGTTTAAAC-3′), and the product was used to transform AN120 to create the glc7 heterozygous deletion strain, NY523. NY523 was then transformed with pSB14 to create NY525, which has glc7–136 integrated at the ura3 locus. NY525 was sporulated and dissected. Progeny that had both the glc7 deletion and the glc7–136 integration were identified and mated to produce NY527. Unless otherwise noted, standard media and growth conditions were used (Rose et al., 1990).
To create pFA6a-His3MX6-prSPO20-HA, the promoter sequence of the SPO20 gene was amplified directly from yeast genome using ANO195 (5′-CCTTGAGATCTAAGTCTAGGCGCTTTCAAC-3′) and ANO201 (5′-CCTTGTTAATTAAAGACATTATATATCTAAAAATGGC-3′). The PCR product was then digested with PacI and BglII and used to replace GAL1 promoter region of pFA6a-His3MX6-PGAL1-3HA (Longtine et al., 1998b). To clone the prSPO20-HA-GIP1 fusion gene, genomic DNA from NY13 was subjected to PCR with ANO195 and HT6 (5′-CAGTTGCCTACCAATGTTTC-3′). The product was cloned into SmaI sites of pRS424 and pRS426 (Christianson et al., 1992) to create pSB5 and pSB6, respectively. pNC160-GFP-GLC7 (Bloecher and Tatchell, 2000) was used to express GFP-tagged version of Glc7p. pSB7 was created by excising the SPR28–GFP fusion gene from YEplac181-SPR28-GFP (De Virgilio et al., 1996) with EcoRI and BamHI and cloning it into pRS314 (Sikorski and Hieter, 1989). To clone DON1–GFP into plasmid, genomic DNA prepared from NY17 was subjected to PCR using HT10 (5′-AAACAGATCTATATTACCCTG-3′) and HT19 (5′-GAAGAATTCGATATAGCTCTGAACAATTC-3′). The product was digested with EcoRI and BglII and ligated into similarly digested pRS314 to create pSB8. To integrate glc7–136 at the ura3 locus, the glc7–136 gene was cut out from pSB56 (Baker et al., 1997) with HindIII and SacI, and cloned into pRS306, creating pSB14. pSB14 was linearized with PstI before transformation to target integration to the ura3 locus. The plasmids pHindIII-DIT1-lacZ, a gift of J. Segall (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada), and pGK16 (Holaway et al., 1987) carrying the DIT1–lacZ and SPR3–lacZ reporters, respectively, were used to monitor gene induction.
For analysis of meiotic progression, cells were sporulated as described (Neiman, 1998). At intervals, aliquots were removed and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde at 4°C overnight. Cells were collected and mounted in medium containing DAPI (Molecular Probes). EM was performed as described (Neiman, 1998). Samples were analyzed using a JEOL 1200EX transmission electron microscope at the Stony Brook University Microscopy Imaging Center (Stony Brook, NY).
For immunofluorescence analysis, cells were sporulated and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 2 h, collected, resuspended in SHA buffer (1 M Sorbitol, 0.1 M Hepes, pH 7.5, 5 mM NaN3) and stored at 4°C. Immunofluorescence analysis of proteins was performed as described previously (Gao and Dean, 2000). Monoclonal anti-HA antibodies (12CA5) were provided by N. Dean (SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY), and affinity-purified anti-GFP antibodies, a gift of N. Davis (Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA), were used at a 1:10 and 1:200 dilution, respectively. Anti-Spr3p antibodies (Fares et al., 1996) were used at a 1:10 dilution. Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti–mouse IgG conjugate, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti–rabbit IgG conjugate, Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti–rabbit IgG conjugate, and Texas red goat anti–rabbit IgG conjugate (Molecular Probes) were used as secondary antibodies at a 1:400 dilution.
Immunofluorescence analysis of spore walls was performed as follows. Fixed sporulating cells were suspended in Zymolyase solution (27 μg/ml Zymolyase and 0.2% β-mercaptoethanol in SHA buffer) and incubated at 30° for 1 h. Cells were then treated 5 min with SHA buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100, and 10 min with SHA buffer containing 0.2 mg/ml Calcofluor white (Sigma-Aldrich), washed twice with SHA buffer, and adhered to wells of a polylysine-coated slide. Cells on the slide were treated with methanol for 6 min, followed by acetone for 30 s, and then dried. After blocking with WT buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Milk, 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin), cells were incubated with a monoclonal anti–β-1,3 glucan antibody (Biosupplies) (Humbel et al., 2001) at a 1:300 dilution in WT buffer overnight. Wells were washed with PBS-BSA (7 mM Na2HPO4, 3 mM NaH2PO4, 130 mM NaCl, 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin) and incubated with PBS-BSA containing 1:400 diluted Alexa Fluor 546 goat anti–mouse IgG and 0.1 mg/ml FITC-ConA (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h. Finally, wells were washed with PBS-BSA and covered with mounting media. For detection of native GFP fluorescence, cells were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde for 10 min, washed once with PBS, and mounted with mounting media containing DAPI or processed for immunofluorescence.
Immunofluorescence images were acquired using a Zeiss Axioskop with attached SPOT camera (Diagnostic Instruments) and Adobe Photoshop 5.0, or on a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope with a Zeiss Axiocam and Zeiss Axiovision 3.0.6 software. Figures were prepared using Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and Canvas 5.0 (Deneba Software).
Natural fluorescence of the dityrosine molecules was observed as described previously (Briza et al., 1990). DIT1–lacZ and SPR3–lacZ were separately introduced into both AN120 and NY501. The resulting cells were sporulated and aliquots were collected at each time point and subjected to β-galactosidase assay as described (Stern et al., 1984).
To create three-dimensional projections of Gip1 immunofluorescence, cells carrying HA–GIP1 were prepared after 7 h in sporulation medium, and stacks of images were collected with a Bio-Rad Radiance 2000 confocal microscroscope (25mW Arlaser, Nikon TE300, 100 X Plan Apo objective 1.4 NA). Images were collected at 0.2-μm intervals in the Z-axis at 1.5% laser power, pinhole aperture at 2.6, Kalman filtration of four images. Three-dimensional projections were created using Bio-Rad Lasersharp2000 software. Projected images were tilted at angles of −45°–45° at 1°-intervals.
The authors are grateful to J. Pringle (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC), N. Dean (SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY), and N. David (Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA) for antibodies, and to H. Friesen and J. Segall (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) and N. Hollingsworth (SUNY Stony Brook) for reagents. A.M. Neiman is grateful to R. Sternglanz (SUNY Stony Brook) for material support during the early phases of this work. The authors are also grateful to N. Hollingsworth and J. Engebrecht for comments on the manuscript, and to members of the Neiman Lab for discussions during the course of this work.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants GM62184 to A.M. Neiman and GM47789 to K. Tatchell.
↵* Abbreviations used in this paper: GFP, green fluorescent protein; HA, hemagglutinin; PP1, protein phosphatase type 1; SPB, spindle pole body.
A. Bloecher's present address is Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA 98109.
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0.993808 | Call or email to schedule now, click the class for more information.
Check back, we will be adding many more class options soon!
Puppies aged 10 weeks up to 5 months welcome, this class is half proper socialization, half early education and puppy foundation to set you and your new puppy on a good start!
We will be answering all your new puppy questions, give you guidance based on your new puppy’s personality and temperament, and teach basic foundation for important obedience cues like sit, down, and understanding leash walking.
Only $200 for 8 punches on your class card, open series class, every Thursday at 7p. Please stay tuned to our Class Schedule & Events Calendar for any class cancellations or reschedules!
Basic Obedience Class taught in Spanish!
Introduciendo clases en español para entrenamiento de perro con The Driven Dog. Inscripción abierta. El cobro será $200 por 8 clases. Clases tomará acabo los Sábados a las 11 de la mañana. Enséñele a su perro como caminar con usted, sentarse, acostarse, venir, y que se vaya a su cama.
This is an excellent Basic Obedience Class for all puppies (and dogs who act like puppies) aged 5 months and up!
Learn all the basic foundations that can help shape your puppy into a model dog citizen. Sit, Down, Wait, Loose Leash Walk and maybe even some fun stuff inbetween!
Only $200 for 8 punches on your class card, open series class, every Wednesday at 7p. Please stay tuned to our Class Schedule & Events Calendar for any class cancellations or reschedules!
All breeds welcome, wether you are interested in personal protection, competition sport, or just have a dog that has the drive and desire to work!
Open Protection $40/session per dog.
SouthBay Working Dog Club is an invite only PSA club, please come chat with us about it!
NOT AVAILABLE FOR SIGN UP.
Open to all Board and Train clients and invitees only! |
0.937445 | why cant we be the only living things in the universe ? ,,it has to start somewhere ..
Well, just thinking on how many different life forms that have sprung up on our planet alone would lead us to believe there or more lifeforms elsewhere.
But, they all sprang from the same very fundamental and primitive single cells. Life spent a VERY long time on earth, relatively, stuck in the single-cell stage before the first plants appeared, and a long time after that before the first fish appeared.
You have to get from non-living molecules to prokaryotes to have life. Then, you have to get past that nasty single-cell stage.
Life on earth is astounding.
Even if you get to tissues and complex organisms, plants, animals, the jump to actual sapience / consciousness is such a random direction to take.
I'll stand on my assumption that there is some form of complex (multi-cellular, multi-organ) life out there. That doesn't have to be life with what we consider a "brain." And I'll say the development of consciousness is unique in this universe. The next form of life is being created by humans.
Could be but probably not.
Just because there are so many trillions of suns doesn't mean that the law of averages means anything......that's like sayin that you'll be able to find a grain of sand that can speak.
Has to be. It sounds silly to suggest we are the only living organisms in an ever expanding universe.
That is possible and there is no evidence that suggests otherwise however there is places within our solar system that could support life based on what we know. Life is found at every extreme on earth whether it's at the very bottom of the oceans, deserts, Antarctica, volcanoes etc.
Keeping that in mind consider a beach and how many grains of sands there are as far as the eye can see, that's a lot but now consider how many grains of sand there are on every beach on earth. This is what is often used to describe how many stars there are in the unviverse, it's an incomprehensible number. The possibilities for other planets and moons that could support life as we know it is immense, there is most likely world's with identical conditions to here on earth.
The fundamental question is what triggers life and if it happened here why not somewhere else?
It's much larger number than trillions of stars, the largest known galaxy has an estimated 100 trillion stars. There is an estimated 200 billion galaxies with an estimated 72 sextillion stars in the observable universe. that's 72 followed by 21 zeroes.
Roughly speaking if you had one trillion dollar bills you would have a stack the size of one of the WTC towers. You would need 72 billion of those stacks to represent the stars in the universe, that would be a 100 story stack of bills more than half the size of the US. No matter which way you try and describe it he numbers are incomprehensible.
What's beyond the observable universe we'll never know unless you can break the speed of light, galaxies beyond that point are moving away faster than the speed of light..... The reason that is possible is because the combined speeds moving in opposite directions.
Last edited by thecoalman; 12-23-2014 at 02:40 AM..
The reason that is possible is because the combined speeds moving in opposite directions.
Why should that mean we can't observe them? Not enough time for their light to reach us?
Correct. Suppose light speed was 50 MPH. If you had car on either side of you and they both started going 50MPH you can look right and left and see each car, the driver of that car can look in the rear view mirror and see you. What they can't see is the other car becsue the combined speed of both cars moving away from each other is 100mph.
Fascinating, yes? This expansion is accelerating and the further away galaxies get from each other the faster they are moving away. Billions of years from now(or whatever it is) if an intelligent life developed they will look out at the Universe and see nothing.
Are you saying "Horton Hears a Who" isn't real? |
0.944218 | Movie Review: "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone"
Am I the only person in the world that is going to highly criticize the new "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" movie? Perhaps. But what I can tell you is that I enjoyed the movie more than I disliked it. There were good things, bad things and great things about this film. But all in all, they all seemed to cancel each other out and I left the theater feeling that a little something was missing.
My biggest complaint about the movie, and this goes for all movies as of late, was some of the special effects. I can't stand the way most movie makers are making use of special effects nowadays. Most effects look cheesy and just don't look real. It's almost as if the film makers are trying to say, "See, look what I can do!" George Lucas was one of the first ones to take this approach with the "Phantom Menace" especially with the use of Jar Jar Binks. Did we really need to see Jar Jar's ears flap in front of Ewan MacGregor's face? I think it was George's way of telling the audience, "See, look what I can do!"
I felt sort of the same way when watching Harry Potter. Some of the effects were amazing. The scenes when all of these letters were arriving at Harry's home and when you saw the bricks on a particular wall move out of the way were incredible. Others, like the unnatural flight of Harry's owl and the three headed dog just seemed a little over done. I know it is fantasy but let's be real, an owl is an owl to call a spade a spade. Harry's owl could not make the twists and turns that were shown on the screen. Even the most casual watcher of a nature program could tell you that. And shouldn't a three headed dog look like a real dog only with three heads?
My other major complaint about the picture was the fact that it was called "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone." I mean, we never hear a word about the stone until perhaps the beginning of the third hour of the movie! They should have titled the movie Harry Potter and the Phantom Stone.
But there were other things about this film that I did like. The acting for instance was top notch especially Daniel Radcliffe who played Harry. He played the part perfectly and seemed very comfortable playing the world's most famous wizard. My only regret is that he probably won't be in the next movie due to his age.
I also liked the bad guy in this film but I wish we saw more of him. One scene, which to me was wonderful and used very little if any special effects, was when the cloaked dark bad guy was bearing down on Harry in the forest. The villain was nothing more than a person in a black cloak. You never saw his face but the feeling of doom and danger was incredible. It reminded me of a scene from "It's A Wonderful Life" where George Bailey goes to see Mister Potter. George sits down in a chair in front of Potter's desk and is practically sitting on the floor as Potter, who is sitting in a big chair seems to dwarf George. You can feel the power of Mister Potter in that scene as you can in this one without anyone in the film saying a word. I wish more movie makers would use this approach in story telling.
I also liked the use of sets in this film especially the secret alleyway where Harry buys all of his school supplies. The alley is crowded with all sorts of creatures selling wands, cauldrons and every other item that a wizard could need. This was a fascinating part of the film. I especially love the way the banking system in this world worked and of the complexity of the vault locks used in the bank. An incredible amount of detail was used and it did not go unnoticed.
Although I found many faults with this film, it was very entertaining and seemed to tell a decent enough story even though it was told at a snail's pace. For me, who hasn't read any of the Harry books, this was my first introduction to the boy wizard. The film, unlike other movies, did not make me want to read the books. But I would go see the sequel just for the hope that the next film, in what could ultimately be a seven movie series, moves at a faster pace.
Like I said, I left the theater feeling like something was missing with this movie. Maybe it is not a problem with the film but with me. Maybe I am too old for this film. Or maybe I'm just a Muggle with no affinity for boy wizards. |
0.925253 | The German physicist and physiologist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894) made the first mathematical analysis of the principle of the conservation of energy and invented the ophthalmoscope. He also investigated the physics of tone and color perception.
Born on Aug. 31, 1821, in Potsdam, Hermann von Helmholtz was the eldest of six children of August Helmholtz, a teacher of philosophy and classics in the local gymnasium, and Caroline Penne Helmholtz, a descendant of the family which took prominent part in the founding of Pennsylvania. At the age of 17 he entered the Friedrich Wilhelm Institute as a scholarship student of medicine. Happily for science, Helmholtz had the genius to absorb medical and physiological training with the mind of a physicist. A great help in this respect was a teacher of his at the institute, Johannes Müller, the foremost German physiologist at that time, who insisted on carrying as far as possible the physical and chemical explanation in all problems of physiology. For Helmholtz this also meant the utmost use of mathematics, which he learned on his own to a very advanced degree by studying in his free time such mathematical classics as the works of Euler, Bernoulli, D'Alembert, and Lagrange. His doctoral dissertation (1842) described and analyzed the connections between nerve fibers and nerve cells, a discovery which he made by skillful use of the microscope and which forms the histological basis of the physiology and pathology of the nervous system.
Helmholtz's scholarship status implied the obligation to serve for 8 years as army doctor. His first post (1842-1843) was that of a house surgeon at the Charité Hospital in Berlin, followed by a stint of 5 years as assistant surgeon to the Royal Hussars at Potsdam. Despite time-consuming duties, Helmholtz found ways of developing his scientific interests. While at the Charité, he published a demonstration of the strictly chemical nature of fermentation and noted that a vitalistic account would be equivalent to assuming a perpetual-motion process. His papers on metabolism during muscular activity (1845) and on physiological and animal heat (1846, 1847) clearly indicated the great goal toward which his creative mind inevitably tended. In February 1847 he sent the first draft of the introduction of "The Conservation of Force" to Emil Du Bois-Reymond, who immediately declared that it was "an historical document of great scientific import for all time." The 26-year-old Helmholtz read the paper on July 23 before the Physical Society of Berlin. He was not the first to enunciate the idea that physical force (energy) was conserved in its various transformations, but his originality consisted in giving the principle a generalized mathematical form, which readily yielded expressions for kinetic and potential energy in mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism.
The impact of the lecture and the availability of a teaching post in anatomy at the Academy of Arts in Berlin made it possible for Helmholtz to transfer to the academic world. In 1849 he accepted the invitation to serve as professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg, where he married Olga von Velten the same year. Among his first papers at Königsberg was "On the Method of Measuring Very Small Intervals of Time and Their Application to Physiological Purposes" (1851). The purpose was the determination of the rate of transmission of sense impressions along the nerves. The value he found shortly afterward was approximately 30 meters per second, in good agreement with subsequent determinations. The next year Helmholtz wrote of a marvelous new device to investigate the eye, the ophthalmoscope, which made its inventor world famous almost overnight.
In 1855 Helmholtz went to Bonn as professor of physiology and anatomy. During the following 3 years he started his incisive analysis of the mathematical relationships underlying tone perception and the esthetical judgment about various tonalities. At the same time he began publishing in a mature form his previous studies of the physiology of vision. The first volume of his famous Handbook of Physiological Optics appeared in 1856. The massive volume was a systematic application of physics to the phenomenon of vision. "On the Integrals of the Hydrodynamic Equations Which Express Vortex Motions" (1858) represented not only a brilliant solution of seemingly insoluble equations, but it also became the foundation for late-19th-century physicists who tried to devise a so-called vortex model of the ether.
Helmholtz spent the next 13 years at the University of Heidelberg. During his first year there his wife died. In 1861 Helmholtz married Anna von Mohl, who became mother of three children. He spent 13 years at Heidelberg, officially a physiologist but in reality a physicist.
The second part of Helmholtz's Handbook of Physiological Optics was published in 1862. The next year saw the publication of another systematic application of physics in physiology, Theory of the Sensations of Tone as Physiological Basis of the Theory of Music. In 1867 followed the third, and final, volume of the Handbook. Helmholtz's last 3 years at Heidelberg were marked by portentous investigations in theoretical physics. His interest was now in fluid mechanics, the foundations of geometry and electricity. Characteristically enough, when the chair of physics became vacant in Bonn, the university tried to get Helmholtz back as professor of physics. Helmholtz declined the opportunity, but in his reply he made no secret of his lifelong ambition: "Physics was really from the outset the science which principally attracted my interests. I was mainly led to medicine and thereby to physiology by the force of external circumstances. What I have accomplished in physiology rests mainly upon a physical foundation."
The same letter also gives a clue to the inspiration that animated Helmholtz during the last two major assignments of his life. The first of these was the professorship of physics at the University of Berlin (1871-1888). Following the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871, Berlin emerged as the capital of the First Reich, and as a professor of physics at the University of Berlin Helmholtz could be most influential in promoting the cause of scientific instruction in German schools and universities. There was much to be done if, in a predominantly humanistic and classical educational system, science courses were to gain a rightful place. It was the professorship of physics at the University of Berlin which he finally found most promising to reward him "for taking the new work of a new post" upon himself. His request was immediately granted that a chair in physics be complemented by an Institute of Physics reserved exclusively for advanced research. Shortly after his arrival in Berlin, Helmholtz gave evidence of the high level in physical research which he had in mind. His memoir read in 1872 before the Berlin Academy of Sciences, "On the Theory of Electrodynamics," represented a remarkable effort to provide a generalized form of electrodynamics, of which even James Clerk Maxwell's theory was but a particular case. In 1873 he was invited to lecture in the United States, but he felt that acceptance would hinder his researches at his institute, which had begun to attract the most promising young physicists in Germany. The foremost among them was Heinrich Hertz, who developed under Helmholtz's guidance the interest to test experimentally a chief consequence of Maxwell's theory, the propagation of electromagnetic oscillations in space. A high point in Helmholtz's own reflections on the problems of electricity was his Faraday lecture in 1881, in which he emphasized the essentially atomic structure of electricity, a contention fully confirmed a few years later by J. J. Thomson's work with cathode rays.
During this period Helmholtz began to achieve the status of a chief adviser to the state in scientific matters. He played a prominent part in the establishment of the Imperial Physico-Technical Institute (Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt), of which he became the first director in 1888. Although a chief aim of the new institute was to carry out high-precision measurements, Helmholtz wanted the new institute to serve pure science as well as technology. During his last years acclaim and honors poured in from every side. His seventieth birthday became an occasion for nationwide celebrations. He died on Sept. 8, 1894, after months of struggle with paralysis. In no small measure, through his inspiration physics in Germany rose to unparalleled heights by the end of the 19th century, a position which remained unchallenged for another generation.
Leo Koenigsberger's classic three-volume biography is available in English in a one-volume abridgment by Frances A. Welby as Hermann von Helmholtz (1906). It covers equally well the personal and scientific aspects of Helmholtz's career and discusses his influence on science in the second half of the 19th century. A specialized study of Helmholtz is Richard M. Warren and Roslyn P. Warren, Helmholtz on Perception, Its Physiology and Development (1968). A detailed biographical account of Helmholtz's life is in Bessie Zaban Jones, ed., The Golden Age of Science: Thirty Portraits of the Giants of 19th-Century Science by Their Scientific Contemporaries (1966). Good discussions of Helmholtz are also in Henry Ernst Sigerist, The Great Doctors: A Biographical History of Medicine (1933), and Ralph Hermon Major, A History of Medicine (vol. 2, 1954).
"Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 09 April 2019. <https://biography.yourdictionary.com/hermann-ludwig-ferdinand-von-helmholtz>. |
0.999646 | What are the effects of losing a loved one?
What are the causes and risk factors ofprolonged grief?
How do health care professionals assess grief?
What are the legal issues associated with dying and death?
Where can people get help?
Grief is quite common and is the normal internal feeling one experiences in reaction to a loss, while bereavement is the state of having experienced that loss.
Although most commonly discussed in reference to the death of a loved one, any major loss (for example, breakup of a relationship, job loss, or loss of living situation) can result in a grief reaction.
Prolonged grief is a reaction to loss that lasts more than one year with the grief reaction affecting the sufferer's close relationships, disrupting his or her beliefs, and resulting in the bereaved experiencing an ongoing longing for their deceased loved one.
Mourning is the outward expression of the loss of a loved one and usually involves culturally determined rituals that help mourners make sense of the end of their loved one's life and gives structure to what can feel like a very confusing time. It is influenced by personal, familial, cultural, religious, and societal beliefs and customs.
The potential negative effects of a grief reaction can be significant and are often aggravated by grief triggers, events that remind the griever of their loved one, or the circumstances surrounding their loss.
The risk factors for experiencing more serious symptoms of grief for a longer period of time are related to the survivor's own physical and emotional health before the loss, the relationship between the bereaved and their family member or other loved one, as well as the nature of the death.
Grief-stricken individuals who feel the death of their loved one is unexpected or violent may be at greater risk for suffering from major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or prolonged grief.
The seven emotional stages of grief are usually understood to be shock or disbelief, denial, bargaining, guilt, anger, depression, and acceptance/hope.
Symptoms of grief can be emotional, physical, social, or religious in nature.
For children and adolescents, their reactions to the death of a loved one usually reflect the particular developmental stage of the child or adolescent.
To assess grief, a health caregiver usually asks questions to assess what symptoms the individual is suffering from, then considers whether he or she is suffering from normal grief, prolonged grief, or some other issue.
Coping tips for grieving include the bereaved individual's caring for his or herself through continuing nutritious and regular eating habits, getting extra rest, and communicating with surviving loved ones.
Bereavement sometimes ultimately leads to enhanced personal development.
Consulting with an attorney or other legal expert is advisable when either planning for or managing the legal matters associated with a death.
Some of the major legal issues involved with dying include the person's right to have informed consent to receive or refuse treatment, advance directives, establishing a living will, and making funeral arrangements.
Grief is the normal internal feeling one experiences in reaction to a loss, while bereavement is the state of experiencing that loss. Although people often suffer emotional pain in response to loss of anything that is very important to them (for example, a job, a friendship or other relationship, one's sense of safety, a home), grief usually refers to the loss of a loved one through death. Grief is quite common, in that three out of four women outlive their spouse, with the average age of becoming a widow being 59 years. More than half of women in the United States are widowed by the time they reach age 65. Every year in the United States, 4% of children under the age of 15 experience the loss of a parent through death.
Although not a formal medical diagnosis, prolonged grief, formerly called complicated grief, refers to a reaction to loss that lasts more than one year. It is characterized by the grief reaction intensifying to affect the sufferer's close relationships, disrupting his or her beliefs, and it tends to result in the bereaved experiencing ongoing longing for their deceased loved one. About 15% of bereaved individuals will suffer from complicated grief, and one-third of people already getting mental-health services have been found to suffer from this extended grief reaction.
Anticipatory grief is defined as the feelings loved ones have in reaction to knowing that someone they care about is terminally ill. It occurs before the death of the afflicted loved one and can be an important part of the grieving process since this allows time for loved ones to say goodbye to the terminally ill individual, begin to settle affairs, and plan for the funeral or other rituals on behalf of the person who is dying.
Move on with life. The grieving process is over only when a person completes the four steps.
As opposed to grief, which refers to how someone may feel the loss of a loved one, mourning is the outward expression of that loss. Mourning usually involves culturally determined rituals that help mourners make sense of the end of their loved one's life and give structure to what can feel like a very confusing time. Therefore, while the internal pain of grief is a more universal phenomenon, how people mourn is influenced by their personal, familial, cultural, religious, and societal beliefs and customs. Everything from how families prepare themselves and their loved ones for death, and understand and react to the passing to the practices for preserving memories of the deceased, their funeral or memorial, burial, cremation, or other ways of handling the remains of the deceased is influenced by internal and external factors.
The length of time for a formal mourning period and sometimes the amount of bereavement leave people are allowed to take from work is determined by a combination of personal, familial, cultural, religious, and societal factors. Mourning customs also affect how bereaved individuals may feel comfortable seeking support from others as well as the appropriate ways for their friends and family to express sympathy during this time. For example, cultures may differ greatly in how much or how little the aggrieved individual may talk about their loss with friends, family members, and coworkers and may determine whether or not participating in a bereavement support group or psychotherapy is acceptable.
The potential negative effects of a grief reaction can be significant. For example, research shows that about 40% of bereaved people will suffer from some form of anxiety disorder in the first year after the death of a loved one, and there can be up to a 70% increase in death risk of the surviving spouse within the first six months after the death of his or her partner. For these reasons, questionnaires that assess how much stress a person is experiencing usually place the loss of a loved one at the top of the list of the most serious stresses to endure. When considering the death of a loved one, the effects of losing a pet should not be minimized. Pets are often considered another member of the family, and therefore their loss is grieved as well. Making the decision to euthanize (painlessly put to death) the family pet once a family works with their veterinarian to determine that the pet is suffering as a result of their age, specific illness, and/or general declining health can add stress to the bereavement process by leaving family members feeling guilty initially, but if done properly, can help families understand that they spared their beloved pet unnecessary suffering.
In addition to grief as an initial reaction to loss, the process can be aggravated by events that remind the bereaved individual of their loved one or the circumstances surrounding their loss. Such events are often referred to as grief triggers. Father's Day or the beginning of the school year may cause the parent who has lost a child (or a child who has lost a parent) to feel distraught. A shared song, television show, or activity can cause anguish by reminding the widower of the wife he lost or the child of the grandparent who is no longer living. Watching another child play with a pet may reduce a child whose pet has died to tears.
The risk factors for experiencing more serious symptoms of grief for a longer period of time can be related to the physical and emotional health of the survivor before the loss, the relationship between the bereaved and their loved one, as well as to the nature of the death. For example, it is not uncommon for surviving loved ones who had a contentious or strained relationship, or otherwise unresolved issues with the deceased to suffer severe feelings of sorrow. Parents who have lost their child are at a significantly higher risk of divorce compared to couples that have not. They are also at increased risk for a decline in emotional health, including being psychiatrically hospitalized following the loss. This is a particular risk for mothers who have lost a child.
Bereaved individuals who have experienced an unexpected or violent death of a loved one may be at greater risk for suffering from mental disorders like major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or complicated grief. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the accepted diagnostic reference for mental health afflictions, major depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by sadness and/or irritability that lasts at least two weeks in a row and is accompanied by a number of other symptoms, like problems with sleep, appetite, weight, concentration, or energy level and may also lead to the sufferer experiencing unjustified guilt, losing interest in activities he or she used to enjoy, or thoughts of wanting to kill themselves or someone else. PTSD refers to a condition that involves the sufferer enduring an experience that significantly threatened their sense of safety or well-being (for example, the suicide or homicide of a loved one), then re-experiencing the event through intrusive memories, physical or emotional reactions, nightmares or flashbacks (feeling as if the trauma is happening again at times when the sufferer is awake); developing a hypersensitivity to events that are normal (for example, being quite irritable, getting startled very easily, having trouble sleeping, or difficulty trusting others); avoiding things that remind the person of the traumatic event (for example, people, places, or things that the sufferer may associate with the death of their loved one) and developing or worsening negative moods or ways of thinking after the traumatic event (for example, trouble recalling an important aspect of the trauma, persistent negative beliefs, blaming oneself or others for the trauma, feeling detached from others, or persistent trouble experiencing positive emotions). Being able to care for a dying loved one tends to promote the healing process for those who are left behind. That care can either be provided at home, in the hospital, or in hospice care. Hospice is a program or facility that provides special care for people whose health has declined to the point that they are near the end of their life. Such programs or facilities also provide special care for their families.
These stages also apply to the stages of dying, the grief associated with one's own death. She described the stage of denial as the bereaved having difficulty believing what has happened, the anger phase as the survivor questioning the fairness of the loss, the bargaining stage as wishing to make a deal with fate to gain more time with the one who was or will be lost, the depression stage as the period when the bereaved person gets in touch with how very sad they are about losing their loved one, and acceptance as feeling some resolution to their grief and more ability to go on with their own life.
For children and adolescents, reactions to the death of a parent or other loved one tend to be consistent with their reaction to any severe stress. Such reactions usually reflect the particular developmental stage of the child or adolescent. For example, since infants up to about 2 years of age cannot yet talk, their reaction to the loss of a loved one tends to involve crying and being more irritable or clingy. They further show physical symptoms of sleep or appetite problems, changes in activity level, and being more watchful of (vigilant toward) their surroundings.
Early school-aged children, from 6 to 8 years of age, more likely understand that death is permanent compared to younger children, often feel guilt about the death of the loved one, become preoccupied with memories about the departed, and try to master the loss they have suffered by talking about it frequently. While symptoms of grief in school-aged children from 9 to 11 years of age are quite similar to those of early school-aged children, this older group is more vulnerable to a decrease in self-esteem because they feel different from their peers if they have experienced the loss of a loved one. They are also more prone to defend against their feelings of sorrow by becoming engrossed in school, social, and/or extracurricular activities.
Symptoms of complicated grief include intense emotion and longings for the deceased, severely intrusive thoughts about the lost loved one, extreme feelings of isolation and emptiness, avoiding doing things that bring back memories of the departed, new or worsened sleeping problems, and having no interest in activities that the sufferer used to enjoy. Teens tend to react to the loss of a loved one that died through suicide similarly to the ways in which adults experience complicated grief but it is noteworthy that their lack of life experience to draw strength from and high level of involvement with their peers may make teens more vulnerable to contemplating suicide themselves when a loved one commits suicide. Mental health professionals often refer to this type of vulnerability as contagion.
Although practitioners sometimes use paper and pencil survey tests to determine if a person is suffering from grief, the assessment is usually made by the health-care professional asking questions to assess what symptoms an individual is experiencing, then considering whether he or she is suffering from normal grief, complicated grief, or some other issue. Those questions tend to explore whether there are emotional, physical, and/or social symptoms of grief, and if so, how severe and how long the symptoms have been present. The practitioner may also try to determine what stages of the grief process the person has experienced and what stage currently dominates their feelings at the time of the assessment.
There remains some controversy about how to best help people survive the loss of a loved one. While many forms of support are available and do help certain individuals, little scientific research has shown clear benefits for any particular approach for grief reactions in general. That is thought to be because each approach to support is so different that it is hard to scientifically compare one to another, intervention procedures are not consistently reported in publications, and the ways these interventions have been studied are flawed. Although there has been some concern that grief counseling for uncomplicated grief sufferers works against bereavement recovery, there is research to the contrary. One approach to treating grief is the dual process model, which endorses the bereavement process as being the dynamic struggle between the pain of the death of the loved one (loss-oriented) and recovery (restoration-oriented). This model of treatment recommends that bereaved individuals alternate between directly working on their loss (confrontation) and taking a break from (avoidance) that process when appropriate. For couples that are grieving the occurrence of a miscarriage, brief professional counseling has been found to be helpful.
Quite valuable tips for journaling as an effective way of managing bereavement rather than just stirring up painful feelings are provided by the Center for Journal Therapy. While encouraging those who choose to write a journal to apply no strict rules to the process, some of the ideas encouraged include limiting the time journaling to 15 minutes per day or less to decrease the likelihood of worsening grief, writing how one imagines his or her life will be a year from the date of the loss, and clearly identifying feelings to allow for easier tracking of the individual's grieving process.
To help children and adolescents cope emotionally with the death of a friend or family member, it is important to ensure they receive consistent caretaking and frequent interaction with supportive adults. For children of school age and older, appropriate participation in school, social, and extracurricular activities is necessary to a successful resolution of grief. For adolescents, maintaining positive relationships with peers becomes important in helping teens figure out how to deal with grief. Depending on the adolescent, they even may find interactions with peers and family more helpful than formal sources of support like their school counselor. All children and teens can benefit from being reassured that they did not cause their loved one to die, and such reassurance can go a long way toward lessening the developmentally appropriate tendency children and adolescents have for blaming themselves and any angry feelings they may have harbored against their lost loved one for the death.
Effective coping tips for grieving are nearly as different and numerous as there are bereaved individuals. The bereaved individual's caring for him/herself through continuing nutritious and regular eating habits, getting extra rest, and communicating with surviving friends and families are some ways for grief sufferers to ease the grief process. The use of supportive structure can also go a long way to helping the aggrieved individual come to terms with their loss. Anything from reciting comforting prayers or affirmations, to returning to established meal and bedtimes, as well as returning to work or school routines can help grieving individuals regain a sense of normalcy in their lives. As death involves the loss of an imperfect relationship involving imperfect individuals, forgiveness of the faults of the lost loved one and of the inherently imperfect relationship between the bereaved and the deceased can go a long way toward healing for the bereaved. While the painful aspects of dealing with death are clear, bereavement sometimes also leads to enhanced personal development.
In order to appreciate the legal aspects of death and dying, it may help to understanding death and the process of dying. In order to declare (pronounce) a person as having died, a physician performs a physical examination to assess that the person shows signs of death, such as the absence of breathing and heartbeat, and the individual does not respond in any way to pain. The doctor then completes a death certificate, which indicates the name, date of birth, and date of death, as well as the location of death and its immediate cause, like stopped breathing (respiration) or heart (cardiac) functioning and the medical condition that is thought to have resulted in the cause of death (for example, infection, cancer, diabetes, bleeding from being shot).
Consulting with a legal expert, such as an attorney, is advisable when either planning for or managing the legal matters associated with a death. Some of the major legal issues involved with dying include the person's right to have informed consent to receive or refuse treatment, advance directives, establishing a living will, and making funeral arrangements, if desired. Informed consent, which is required by law for every patient or patient's guardian to give, is the responsibility of treating practitioners to provide that opportunity to patients. It involves the doctor or other health professional explaining to the patient and/or patient's legal guardian the options for treatment of whatever condition from which the individual suffers, the possible benefits as well as risks for each treatment, and why the health professional may be recommending one treatment over another. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the professional to let their patient know that they have the right to choose whatever treatment they want or to choose to refuse treatment. Particularly when discussing chronic or terminal illness, conditions over which there is little control over the ultimate outcome of care provided, having the individual and his or her family feel as much control over their treatment options as possible is of great importance.
Advance directives are those decisions an individual would like to express to his or her family and treating professionals prior to potentially becoming no longer able to communicate their wishes prior to death. Examples of advance directives include what, if any, forms of life support the individual would like to receive to maintain their life, as well as what "heroic" or aggressive interventions, if any, they would like made immediately should their heart or breathing stop. Getting food and liquids through a tube, having their breathing or heart rate performed by a machine, and opting for palliative care (care that will address pain and otherwise make them comfortable rather than try to cure them) are choices a person often considers in terms of what they want done or not done to maintain their life. In the event that the individual expresses a desire to have no heroic or aggressive medical interventions made should their heart beat or breathing stop, a do not resuscitate order (DNR) is indicated in his or her medical chart. Opting for such an order is by no means a request to stop all medical treatment. In other words, managing any condition other than actual loss of life (for example, infections, anemia) will continue. Another important example of an advanced directive is whether or not the dying individual would like to be considered as a possible organ donor.
In order to have their medical and financial wishes carried out, it is important for individuals to name a health proxy, someone trusted to make decisions that are in keeping with the individual's in the event that those wishes are unknown and the person can no longer express his or her wishes. In order to formally appoint a health proxy, an attorney must write a durable power of attorney, the legal document appointing the health proxy. In addition to having that document signed, witnessed and notarized, a copy of it must be placed in the individual's medical chart. Similar to the medical power of attorney, a durable power of attorney of finances can be helpful to establish who would be in charge of the person's finances if she or he were living but unable to be in charge of their own financial matters. Last but not least, if the individual has any strong preferences regarding a funeral or whether his or her remains are buried or cremated, making those wishes known in writing can prevent placing the burden of those decisions on surviving family members, who may struggle with agreeing on these issues, particularly as they grieve the loss of their loved one. As painful as it is to watch a loved one die and as difficult as it may be to talk about their death with them before it happens, many are the families who suffer even more than need be because steps are not taken to address these important legal issues.
As researchers continue to examine the management of grief, the level of clarity about what is helpful and not helpful in helping the bereaved needs to be improved. Although hospital personnel have tended over the past decades to address the medical, legal, and emotional issues associated with the loss of a loved one, health-care professionals who work in clinics and private offices would serve their patients better if those issues were addressed long before a crisis of health or loss takes place.
Adams, K. Managing grief through journal writing. Center for Journal Therapy. 2006.
Barry, L. C., Kasl, S. V., Prigerson, H. G. The role of perceived circumstances of death and preparedness for death. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10: 447-457, August 2002.
Center for Suicide Prevention. Grief after suicide: notes from the literature on qualitative differences and stigma. SIEC Alert #46, November 2001.
Demmer, C. "Caring for a Loved One With AIDS: A South African Perspective." Journal of Loss and Trauma 11 (2006): 439-455.
Forte, A. L., Hill, M., Pazder, R., Feudtner, C. Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review. Biomedical Central Limited Palliative Care, 3: 3, July 26, 2004.
Freedman, S, Chang, WCR. An analysis of a sample of the general population's understanding of forgiveness: implications for mental health counselors. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 2010 January; 32(1): 5-34.
Goldsmith B, et al. Elevated rates of prolonged grief disorder in African Americans. Death Studies 2008; 32: 352-365.
Kersting, K. A new approach to complicated grief. American Psychological Association Online. Vol 35 (10) page 51. November 2004.
Koop, P. M., Strang, V. R. The bereavement experience following home-based family caregiving for persons with advanced cancer. Clinical Nursing Research 12(2), 127-144, 2003.
Kramlinger, M. If you are over 65 and a widow. Helpful tips for the newly bereaved. One widow's perspective. Bereavement Poems and Articles, 2007.
Kristen M, et al. Resolution of depression and grief during the first year after miscarriage: a randomized controlled clinical trial of couples-focused interventions. Journal of Women's Health 2009; 18(8).
Larson, D. G., Hoyt, W. T. What has become of grief counseling? An evaluation of the empirical foundations of the new pessimism. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 38(4): 347-355, 2007.
Li, J., Laursen, T. M., Precht, D. H., Olsen, J., Mortensen, P. T. Hospitalization for mental illness among parents after the death of a child. New England Journal of Medicine 352: 1190-1196, March 2005.
Lowenstein, T. Life stress Test. Conscious Living Foundation, 1997.
Melhem, N. M., Day, N., Shear, K., Day, R., Reynolds, C. F., Brent, D. Traumatic grief among adolescents exposed to a peer's suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry 161: 1411-1416, August 2004.
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What helped you through your loss, grief, and bereavement?
How long did your grief last? |
0.99998 | Is it okay to water the grass when the temperature is around 90 degrees.
It can be fine, as long as the ground is dry. There will be no need to water if the rains are keeping the ground moist. Otherwise, it will be ok to water during dry spells. |
0.85841 | Will my husband be able to stay in the hospital with me after I give birth?
We're being sent to a hospital very far from our house and it's hard with the economy now to pay for a cab, (50 bucks if not more back and forth) especially since we could use the extra money for the baby. Plus, I hate hospitals to begin with and hoping I wont stay for too long but afraid to stay on my own. Being that the hospital is far not even my mom would be able to come and stay with me. Does anyone know if my husband will be able to stay with me? |
0.999709 | Fill in the below information, and a brief description of what we can help you with. We will get back with you as soon as possible, and we look forward to working with you!
If you would prefer to give us a call or text, we can be reached at (214) 998-0996. If we do not answer, we will get back with you as soon as possible! |
0.985244 | How do I get the leaves back on my grapefruit tree? It must be lacking something.
Other than those issues, drought, overwatering, or poorly drained soil can cause citrus leaves to drop off. |
0.933931 | Download "Philippine Law School Admission Test Practice Items"
6 5 Test B. Critical Thinking Section 1. Logical Reasoning DIRECTIONS: In this section, brief conversations or short passages are given followed by one or two questions. These questions ask for the analysis and evaluation of the reasoning in the conversation or passage. It is conceivable that all of the four choices given for each question may be correct answers. The task is to select the best answer for each question. The best answer is the one which does not require assumptions that are irrelevant or inconsistent with the statements. An advertisement in a travel magazine: Take your family to a cozy beach holiday at Sun and Sand Resorts! For just 2,000.00, you can already avail of a floating cottage for a unique bonding experience. You can also feast on seafood fresh from the ocean. If you re feeling adventurous, you can rent a surf board and ride the waves, or get into one of our diving gears to explore wonders under the sea. So, what are you waiting for? Beat the heat this summer at Sun and Sand! 1. Based on the passage above, which of the following statements can be said as ABSOLUTELY FALSE? Sun and Sand guests are adventurous. Sun and Sand is open during summer time. Sun and Sand does not host underwater activities. Sun and Sand is a beach destination. 2. Cats are pets because they are tame. All of the following are possible meanings of the statement EXCEPT Cats are tame. All pets are tame. Tamed cats are easy to look after. Cats become pets as a result of their being tame.
8 7 Section 2. Analytical Reasoning DIRECTIONS: In this section, some sets of conditions or propositions are given. Each set is followed by questions based on the conditions or propositions. Drawing a diagram to visually establish linkages or relationships stated in the conditions may help in answering some of the questions. Select the best answer to each question from the choices given. For items 6 7, refer to the following situation: Below is the enrolment procedure followed by University XYZ: I. Aspiring students are expected to take the university entrance examination to qualify for a slot. II. The university has three colleges: College of Science, College of Arts, and College of Social Sciences. College of Science requires a mark of 700; the College of Arts requires 650; and the College of Social Sciences requires 600. III. After the student has passed the entrance examination, he or she is to obtain an enrolment form from the College of his or her choice, provided that he or she meets the qualifying mark. IV. The new student is to proceed to the Registrar s Desk for assessment of fees. V. Once the student secures the list of payables, he or she is to proceed to the University Cashier for payment. VI. The last step is to obtain the University I.D. by presenting the receipt to the Associate Dean for Student Affairs. 6. Which of the following may NOT be done prior to paying university fees? Inquire if slots are available in the desired College. Consult the Registrar for possible alterations in the enrolment form. Show the University I.D. to the guard to gain access to campus grounds. Prepare pertinent documents to gain eligibility to take the university entrance exam. 7. What most likely happens to a student who loses his or her receipt? The student will not be able to get a University I.D. The student will not be officially included in the enrolment list. The student s subjects will not be credited for succeeding enrolment. The student is not allowed to attend classes in the College of his choice.
16 15 BAT POPULATION IN AN ISLAND OFF PALAWAN FROM 1960 TO When was the decrease in bat population at its lowest? Approximately, what percent of the bat population in 1960 is the bat population in 1995? 17% 80% 20% 83% STOP! WAIT FOR FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS.
It is the man who owns the house where she lives. His name is Mr. Campbell. Amanda calls him the Rent Man.
ReadTheory.Org 2010 EnglishForEveryone.Org 2008 Name Date The Rent Man Reading Comprehension Short Stories Directions: Read the story. Then answer the questions below. Someone is knocking on Amanda s door.
Home Tutor Scheme Lesson Plan Topic: BEACH CULTURE Level 1 2007 is the Year of the Surf Lifesaver 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Look at the pictures. Discuss: Who are the people? Where are they? What are they doing?
1 1. Why I Chose to Study in Troyes I decided early to study abroad, so I did a little research of possible destinations. The University of Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen has a wide range of partner universities.
Math Opportunities Valuable Experiences Innovative Teaching. MOVE IT with manipulatives! MOVE IT through the curriculum! MOVE IT in the 21st century!
Summer Homework Goals for Summer Homework Get the Book! Assignments Need Help?
How to Study for Chapter 3 The Law of Demand Chapter 3 introduces the law of demand and the principle of elasticity. |
0.996759 | The times of various events, particularly astronomical and weather phenomena, are often given in "Universal Time" (abbreviated UT) which is sometimes referred to, now colloquially, as "Greenwich Mean Time" (abbreviated GMT). The two terms are often used loosely to refer to time kept on the Greenwich meridian (longitude zero), five hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time. Times given in UT are almost always given in terms of a 24-hour clock. Thus, 14:42 (often written simply 1442) is 2:42 p.m., and 21:17 (2117) is 9:17 p.m. Sometimes a Z is appended to a time to indicate UT, as in 0935Z.
When a precision of one second or better is needed, however, it is necessary to be more specific about the exact meaning of UT. For that purpose different designations of Universal Time have been adopted. In astronomical and navigational usage, UT often refers to a specific time called UT1, which is a measure of the rotation angle of the Earth as observed astronomically. It is affected by small variations in the rotation of the Earth. UT1 is a modern form of mean solar time on the Greenwich meridian. Times which may be labeled "Universal Time" or "UT" in data provided by the Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory (for example, in the annual almanacs) conform to this definition.
However, in the most common civil usage, UT refers to a time scale called "Coordinated Universal Time" (abbreviated UTC), which is the basis for the worldwide system of civil time. This time scale is kept by time laboratories around the world, including the U.S. Naval Observatory, and is determined using highly precise atomic clocks. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures makes use of data from the timing laboratories to provide the international standard UTC which is accurate to approximately a nanosecond (billionth of a second) per day. The length of a UTC second is defined in terms of an atomic transition of the element cesium under specific conditions, and is not directly related to any astronomical phenomena.
UTC is the time distributed by standard radio stations that broadcast time, such as WWV and WWVH. It can also be obtained readily from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The difference between UTC and UT1 is made available electronically and broadcast so that navigators can obtain UT1. UTC is the basis for civil standard time in the U.S. and its territories. Standard time within U.S. time zones is an integral number of hours offset from UTC.
UTC is equivalent to the civil time for Iceland, Liberia, Morocco, Senegal, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, and several other countries. During the winter months, UTC is also the civil time scale for the United Kingdom and Ireland.
One can think of UT1 as being a time determined by the rotation of the Earth, over which we have no control, whereas UTC is a human invention. It is relatively easy to manufacture highly precise clocks that keep UTC, while the only "clock" keeping UT1 precisely is the Earth itself. Nevertheless, it is desirable that our civil time scale not be very different from the Earth's time, so, by international agreement, UTC is not permitted to differ from UT1 by more than 0.9 second. When it appears that the difference between the two kinds of time may approach this limit, a one-second change called a "leap second" is introduced into UTC. This occurs on average about once every year to a year and a half.
For more information on time, time scales, and accurate clocks, see the U.S. Naval Observatory Time Service Department web pages. Related information can be found on the pages of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Greenwich Mean Time is a widely used historical term, but one that has been used in several ways. Because of the ambiguity, its use is no longer recommended in technical contexts.
Prior to 1925, in astronomical and nautical almanacs, a day of Greenwich Mean Time began at noon. This reckoning of Greenwich Mean Time is now called Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time, and is no longer used. Persons using old editions of the almanacs for historical research should be aware of the previous convention. |
0.983188 | Vinyl LP Store for bandnames starting with the letter "B"
This album "BARON ROJO - Volumen Brutal" is the second album by the Spanish Heavy Metal Band: "Baron Rojo"
Abbey Road is the eleventh released studio album by English rock band The Beatles and their last recorded. Though "Let It Be" was the last album released before the band's dissolution in 1970, work on Abbey Road began in April 1969. Abbey Road was released on 26 September 1969 in the United Kingdom, and 1 October 1969 in the United States. It was produced and orchestrated by George Martin for Apple Records. Geoff Emerick was engineer, Alan Parsons was assistant engineer, and Tony Banks was tape operator.
"Abbey Road" is regarded as one of The Beatles' most tightly constructed albums, although the band was barely operating as a functioning unit at the time. Rolling Stone placed it at number 14 on its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In 2009, readers of the magazine also named Abbey Road the greatest Beatles album.
"Black Angels" is a Swiss (see also: Celtic Frost , Coroner ) Heavy Metal band coming from Schaffhausen.
This album is a compilation album with Black Sabbath songs from the 1970's and includes some classic songs like: "Rat Salad" and "War Pigs".
3 pressings of 1000 each. 3rd press label is fade blue, 1st and 2nd are dark blue.
The album cover illustration was drawn by Igor Dint and heavily influenced by artwork by the Swiss Graphics artist (H.R. Giger) best known for the ALIEN movies.
"Out Of Reach" is the first and only album released by this British Heavy Metal ( NWOBHM ) from London, which was formed in 1983 by members of the Angel Witch band complemented with Kevin Heybourne and Lou Taylor. After dismantling "Blind Fury" this band will continue ( without Lou Taylor ) continue as Satan and Pariah.
"The Blue Diamonds" were a Dutch duet with Indonesian background , who recorded very popular pop-rock songs during the 1960s. This LP is a compilation of their greatest hits, including: Ramona, Hey Ba-Ba-Re-Bop, Sukiyaki and many others.
Bodine was a Heavy Metal from The Hague, Netherlands and was active from the year 1978 until 1983. "Three Times Running" is their third and final official full-length album.
"Hard Dog" is "Bow Wow's" first album produced by Touru Yazawa , who also produced the band Alice. "Hard Dog" sets the future musical direction for "Bow Wow"
is the fifth studio album by British musician Brian Eno. Produced by Eno and Rhett Davies, it was originally released by Polydor Records in December 1977. Guest musicians from the United Kingdom and Germany helped with the album, including members of Roxy Music, Free, Fairport Convention, Can and Cluster.
Rare Swiss Heavy Meta l . |
0.904904 | Tajikistan shares a 1,200 kilometer border with Afghanistan and is one of the countries identified by military planners as a possible base of U.S. military and humanitarian operations in the region. Tajikistan has been a low priority for U.S. foreign policy makers since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Suddenly, it has become a strategic partner in the U.S. government's counter-terrorism campaign following the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, D.C.. It is also a potential haven for tens of thousands of displaced people seeking to flee Afghanistan.
Tajikistan was embroiled in a civil war from 1992 to 1997 that took a disastrous toll on the civilian population and crippled its economy. Four years after a U.N.-brokered peace accord, high-profile political assassinations and other forms of political violence remain common, and discord reigns among government military and political leaders.
Tajikistan has serious human rights problems. The government has obstructed political opposition, severely restricted the media, and arrested people on religious grounds. Police and security forces are notorious for brutal torture and ill-treatment.
Tajikistan is the poorest of the post- Soviet republics. United Nations agencies estimate that 80 percent of the population of 6.5 million live below the poverty line. Two years of severe drought have resulted in catastrophic food shortages, and humanitarian organizations have predicted the starvation of one million people in upcoming months should emergency food supplies not become available.
The country's four major geographic regions are home to distinct regional and ethnic groups, which play a critical role in internal politics and were crucial in determining loyalty in the civil war. These regions are Sugd (formerly Leninabad) province in the north, bordering Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan; the northeast, including the Gharm and Karetegin valleys; Khatlon province in the south, bordering Afghanistan; and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, in the Pamir mountain range, bordering Afghanistan to the south and China to the east.
The civil war in Tajikistan broke out in May 1992. While its most active phase lasted a mere six months, hostilities continued through December 1996, claiming as many as 50,000 lives and displacing more than 800,000 people. The conflict was the culmination of a power struggle between a communist-led government that was dominated by people from Leninabad (known as "Leninabadis"), and an opposition coalition that drew support primarily from people whose origins were from the northeast ("Gharmis") and Gorno-Badakhshan ("Pamiris"). The government was supported in the civil war by people from Kuliab ("Kuliabis)," a district in the southern Khatlon province. The United Tajik Opposition (UTO) was an amalgam of nationalist and Islamist parties and movements. The war's greatest destruction and toll in civilian deaths was in the south, where Kuliabis and their allies conducted campaigns of "ethnic cleansing" against local residents of Gharmi and Pamiri origin.
At the height of the war as many as 150,000 Tajiks fled to northern Afghanistan, to regions dominated by ethnic Tajiks and Uzbeks; all were repatriated by 1997. Until 1998 the UTO enjoyed the support of the pre-Taliban government in Afghanistan, in particular President Burhanuddin Rabbani and his defense minister, the late Gen. Ahmad Shah Massoud, both ethnic Tajiks. The UTO established military bases and training camps in northern Afghanistan, from which they conducted regular cross-border raids into Tajikistan.
Emomali Rakhmonov, a Kuliabi, led the government that emerged victorious in December 1992; in subsequent years it gradually came to be dominated by Kuliabis. In September 1994, the government and the UTO agreed to a ceasefire brokered by the U.N. The U.N. Mission of Observers to Tajikistan (UNMOT) was established to monitor the ceasefire.
A breakthrough in negotiations followed the Taliban capture of Kabul in 1996, which alarmed all Central Asian governments and, significantly, Russia, a key actor in Tajikistan and mediator in the peace negotiations. Many observers of the region believe that the prospect of the UTO remaining in a Taliban-controlled Afghanistan convinced Russia of the need to accept the integration of the UTO into the Tajik government, which had been a key UTO demand.
A peace accord signed by the UTO and the government in June 1997 provided for, among other things, UTO representatives to be appointed to 30 percent of all government posts. In the four years since the peace agreement, this and other major elements of the accords have not been implemented, including the demobilization of UTO troops and reform of government security and law enforcement institutions. Small-scale fighting between former opposition members and government troops, and between rival government groups, has broken out repeatedly. Parts of northeastern Tajikistan remain largely under the control of former UTO fighters who have rejected the terms of the peace settlement. Also, as political and criminal violence worsened, the country became increasingly impoverished, and corruption, drug-trafficking and hostage-taking rose sharply.
The U.N. mission, UNMOT, which at one time had at least 150 military observers and civilian personnel, withdrew from Tajikistan in May 2000, even though major provisions of the peace accord remained unimplemented. A small, Dushanbe-based U.N. peace-building office replaced it.
Assassinations of high-level political figures in 2001 reflected persistent internal power struggles among political leaders and regional groups, in a pattern persistent since the June 1997 peace accords. Three high-ranking political figures have been assassinated in 2001 alone, including Deputy Interior Minister Habib Sanginov, presidential foreign policy advisor Karim Yuldashev and, on September 8, Minister of Culture Abdurahim Rahimov.
Renewed fighting between former UTO members and government forces in 2001 highlighted shortcomings in the demobilization process and continuing distrust between the government and former UTO fighters. In June, former UTO field commanders based in the northeast took hostage at least four policemen in Teppa Samarkandi and fifteen members of a German humanitarian aid organization in Tavil-Dara. The kidnappers protested the arrest of former UTO members in connection with the murder of Habib Sanginov. All hostages were released unharmed. A military operation against the rebel fighters ensued. Local legal experts and journalists reported that government forces' indiscriminate fire killed and injured up to eighty civilians, and that Tajik law enforcement agencies beat and looted civilians in the operation and the sweep that followed. Authorities acknowledged six civilian deaths.
In addition, government-led military units and law enforcement agencies operate independently of the central government. Police and security forces often extort, kidnap, torture, and inflict wanton violence against civilians with impunity.
The Rakhmonov government has remained in power as a result of flagrantly fraudulent presidential and parliamentary elections in 1994, 1999, and 2000. President Rakhmonov was essentially the sole candidate to contest the 1999 presidential elections. Two of three opposition presidential candidates were denied registration on spurious grounds of having violated registration procedures, while a third candidate from the Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP) was registered against his will by authorities in an attempt to preserve a veneer of the democratic process.
A joint U.N.-Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observer mission that monitored the February 2000 parliamentary vote documented state interference that included the obstruction or exclusion of opposition parties, a wholly arbitrary candidate registration process, grossly biased coverage by the state media, and numerous grave irregularities on election day. The ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP) gained thirty of sixty-three seats in the parliament, while eighteen other seats went to ostensibly independent candidates who were either also PDP members or widely acknowledged to be solidly pro-government. The IRP gained two seats. Largely uncontested elections to the upper chamber of parliament resulted in the election of an overwhelming majority of presidential party members.
Former UTO members occupy senior positions in the government, and the IRP enjoys parliamentary representation, but in practice these officials and parliamentary deputies support official policy and the president on almost all points. In 2001 the government moved to consolidate its de facto one-party control by continuing to ban, deny registration to, or suspend those opposition parties blocked from participation in the presidential and parliamentary elections, and by harassing current and former UTO members. During May parliamentary by-elections the field was left open to candidates supporting the ruling party and the president because opposition candidates were denied registration on questionable charges of violating administrative procedure.
Tajikistan is the only Central Asian republic that permits political parties of a religious character. Legalizing religion-based political parties was one of the major concessions made by the government in the peace negotiations, and the IRP plays a role, though marginal, in the nation's political life. The government has arrested scores of members of Hizb ut-Tahrir (Party of Liberation), an Islamic group that supports the reestablishment of the Caliphate, or Islamic state, for Muslims by peaceful means. Like in Uzbekistan, Tajik courts convict Hizb ut-Tahrir members convicted on charges of inciting religious hatred, distributing anti-state literature, and membership in banned organizations. Whereas in previous years Tajik courts handed down sentences of between five and twelve years for such charges, they now hand down sentences of up to fourteen years imprisonment.
The government severely restricts freedom of expression. The sole publishing house for publishing newspapers is owned by the state and denies access to government critics. The government monitors and "counsels" all news media, enforces pre-publication censorship, and imposes burdensome licensing procedures. Electronic media is either state-owned or is dominated by the state through the measures outlined above.
The authorities threaten or harass journalists and editors who publish views directly critical of President Rakhmonov or of certain government policies. A dramatic example was the July 2001 arrest in Moscow of Dodojon Atovullo, exiled editor-in-chief of the independent opposition newspaper Charogi Ruz (Light of Day). Atovullo has in recent years published articles accusing Tajik authorities of corruption and involvement in narcotics trafficking activities. Threatened with extradition back to Tajikistan to face charges of sedition and publicly slandering the president, he was released after six days after pressure from other governments and international organizations.
Approximately 10,000 Afghans who fled fighting in northern Afghanistan in 2000 have remained trapped in the border area. Tajik authorities have refused them entry, claiming that the presence of armed combatants among the refugees poses too great a security risk to Tajikistan, and that the country lacks the necessary economic and social resources to accommodate them. The displaced continue to live in squalid conditions in various points along on the border between the two countries-the majority are on islands in the Pianj River-and are frequently caught in crossfire between United Front and Taliban forces. The United Nations High Commission on Refugees has stated that up to 50,000 people could flee towards Tajikistan in the event of U.S.-led military operations against the Taliban; others put this estimate at 120,000. Refugees are fleeing the threat of military action following the September 11 attacks; forced conscription by the Taliban; politically motivated attacks by the Taliban against ethnic groups believed to be sympathetic to the opposition; fighting between Taliban and United Front forces; as well as the growing humanitarian disaster in Afghanistan, exacerbated by the onset of winter.
In September 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush linked the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) to Osama bin Laden. The Bush statement suggested that the IMU might be a target of U.S. counterterrorism efforts in the wake of the September 11 attacks. The IMU is an armed group of fighters from Central Asian states that seeks the establishment of Shar=ia (Islamic law) in Uzbekistan. It is based primarily in Afghanistan and is closely connected with the Taliban. In August 1999 the IMU launched armed incursions into Kyrgyzstan from bases it then held in northeast Tajikistan, and in August 2000 passed through Tajikistan to launch incursions into Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
The IMU's military commander, Jumaboi Khojiev (known as Namangani), and many IMU fighters, have reportedly trained in northeastern Tajikistan-in areas where Tajik government control is weak-and have held bases there sporadically since at least 1997. They reportedly enjoy the support of former UTO field commanders, with whom they fought as allies during the civil war. Former UTO combatants who were not integrated into Tajikistan's security forces were reported to have participated in the IMU=s incursions into Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
The presence of IMU fighters on Tajik territory has exacerbated already hostile Uzbek-Tajik relations. In April 2000 IRP leader Said Abdullo Nuri, at the behest of President Rakhmonov, persuaded the IMU to leave Tajikistan, but Uzbekistan has regularly accused Tajikistan of continuing to harbor IMU militants. In January 2001, Namangani, under pressure from Tajik authorities who themselves were under pressure from other Central Asian governments, was believed to have again quit bases in Tajikistan for Afghanistan.
Uzbek forces bombed Tajik territory during joint Kyrgyz-Uzbek military operations against the IMU in 1999, and in 2000 took unilateral action to lay antipersonnel landmines along the Tajik-Uzbek and Uzbek-Kyrgyz borders. Tajik authorities have said some thirty civilians have been killed and dozens wounded by landmines. A visa regime between the two countries took effect in 2000, making the already tense border controls more arduous.
Tajikistan is closely tied to Russia in the area of national defense. It is the only Central Asian country with Russian military units on its territory: more than 10,000 Russian border guards are stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border, and at least 10,000 troops of the 201st Motorized Rifle Division are headquartered in the capital and stationed in detachments throughout the country. More than 1,500 additional Russian troops have recently been sent to Tajikistan.
The Russian military presence in independent Tajikistan predates the civil war. The border guards and the 201st Motorized Rifle Division made up the majority of a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) peacekeeping force in Tajikistan in 1997; a small number of troops from Uzbekistan's army also took part. CIS forces also helped provided security to UNMOT, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and personnel of other international organizations. Further, the 201st Motorized Rifle Division played a strategic role in the civil war by providing material support to the Kuliabi-based paramilitary groups.
Tajikistan has since at least 1997 facilitated the transport of Russian and Iranian military supplies to the United Front opposition in Afghanistan, in particular via airports in Dushanbe and Kuliab. Since September 11, Russia has increased its material support for the United Front delivered via the Dushanbe airport.
Russia�s consent was undoubtedly needed for any possible deployment of U.S. forces in Tajikistan. Soon after the September 11 attacks President Rakhmonov announced that Tajikistan would consider all means of cooperation with the U.S., but these comments were subsequently retracted. It was not until September 25, after Russian President Vladimir Putin announced Russia's cooperation in the anti-terrorist campaign that Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov stated that Dushanbe airport could be used by U.S. forces should the need arise. |
0.925347 | The Estádio Municipal Zinho de Oliveira, known as Zinho de Oliveira, is a football stadium located in Marabá, Pará state. It is the home stadium of Águia de Marabá and Gavião Kyikatejê and holds 5,000 people.
Andrade and Zinho are the only Brazilian players who have won the National League 5 times, in 1987, together.
Team Final: Jefferson, Givaldo, Adriano, Sandro and Dedé, Dário, Chiquinho (Joca) and Juninho Pernambucano, Leonardo (Saulo), Fábio and Zinho. Coach: Givanildo Oliveira.
Águia de Marabá play their home games at Estádio Municipal Zinho de Oliveira. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 4,500 people.
Zinho Gano (born 13 October 1993) is a Belgian footballer who currently plays for Waasland-Beveren in the Belgian Pro League.
Gavião Kyikatejê Futebol Clube play their home games at Estádio Municipal Zinho de Oliveira, located in Marabá, Pará state. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 4,000 people.
Born in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Zinho played club football in Brazil with Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Cruzeiro Esporte Clube and Nova Iguaçu Futebol Clube. He also had spells abroad with Yokohama Flügels and Miami FC. Zinho won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A five times (twice with Flamengo, twice with Palmeiras and once with Cruzeiro) and won the Campeonato Carioca three times (all with Flamengo).
Crizam César de Oliveira Filho, better known as Zinho (; born June 17, 1967), is a retired Brazilian footballer, and currently a professional football manager, who is the current assistant coach at Vasco da Gama.
In the beginning of 2006 Romário joined Miami FC along with former 1994 FIFA World Cup teammate Zinho. He helped Miami FC reach their first ever USL-1 Playoffs, scoring 19 league goals in 25 appearances for the team.
After a brief stint with Volta Redonda in 2009, he signed with Miami FC of the USL First Division, which is coached by his former Brazilian national team teammate Zinho.
The Esporte Clube Água Santa ever had wearing its true shirt icons of Brazilian football as Claudecir, Zinho Capixaba, Capitão, Dinei and most importantly, has formed, while not having the training club classification, several athletes on their base ranks as Lelê who served in Fortaleza, Romarinho at Porto, Fernando in the Internacional, Neílton in Botafogo and Fábio Ferreira in Ponte Preta.
After Major League Soccer side Miami Fusion were folded in 2001, professional soccer returned to South Florida in the form of a United Soccer Leagues team in 2006 when Traffic Sports USA founded Miami FC. The club made headlines when former World Cup winners Romario and Zinho signed for the team.
In the following campaign, Ibson became one of the team's most important players: under the guidance of Abel Braga and playing alongside the likes of Felipe, Jean and Zinho, he won the Taça Guanabara and the Campeonato Carioca, and also finished as runner-up in the Copa do Brasil; that season, he scored six goals while playing 44 matches.
Nova Iguaçu Futebol Clube was founded on April 1, 1990, by the initiative of 25 self-employed persons, led by Jânio Moraes. The foundation project was idealized in 1988/1989, by Jânio Moraes, and supported by the 25 self-employed people. 1994 World Cup champion Zinho is one of the founders of the club and was a director-partner of the club. |
0.943381 | I am getting below error while trying to start Weblogic Server.
####<27-Feb-2017 14:49:06 o'clock GMT> <Info> <RJVM> <CZC3482TJT> <AdminServer> <[ACTIVE] ExecuteThread: '0' for queue: 'weblogic.kernel.Default (self-tuning)'> <<WLS Kernel>> <> <> <1488206946954> <BEA-000570> <Network Configuration for Channel "AdminServer"
####<27-Feb-2017 14:49:09 o'clock GMT> <Error> <Security> <CZC3482TJT> <AdminServer> <[ACTIVE] ExecuteThread: '0' for queue: 'weblogic.kernel.Default (self-tuning)'> <<WLS Kernel>> <> <> <1488206949655> <BEA-090870> <The realm "myrealm" failed to be loaded: weblogic.security.service.SecurityServiceException: com.bea.common.engine.ServiceInitializationException: weblogic.security.spi.ProviderInitializationException: A failure occurred attempting to load LDIF for provider Authorizer from file C:\Oracle\MIDDLE~1\WLSERV~1.3\server\lib\XACMLAuthorizerInit.ldift..
weblogic.security.service.SecurityServiceException: com.bea.common.engine.ServiceInitializationException: weblogic.security.spi.ProviderInitializationException: A failure occurred attempting to load LDIF for provider Authorizer from file C:\Oracle\MIDDLE~1\WLSERV~1.3\server\lib\XACMLAuthorizerInit.ldift.
Caused By: com.bea.common.engine.ServiceInitializationException: weblogic.security.spi.ProviderInitializationException: A failure occurred attempting to load LDIF for provider Authorizer from file C:\Oracle\MIDDLE~1\WLSERV~1.3\server\lib\XACMLAuthorizerInit.ldift.
Caused By: weblogic.security.spi.ProviderInitializationException: A failure occurred attempting to load LDIF for provider Authorizer from file C:\Oracle\MIDDLE~1\WLSERV~1.3\server\lib\XACMLAuthorizerInit.ldift.
Caused By: <openjpa-1.1.1-SNAPSHOT-r422266:1172209 fatal store error> kodo.jdo.FatalDataStoreException: The transaction has been rolled back. See the nested exceptions for details on the errors that occurred.
I have tried to delete the LDAP folder as per various suggestions on various websites but unfortunately this hasn't worked. Can somebody please advise me on this?
Thank you for your response. I am able to understand that BEAXACMLAP is not getting created. In Fact, rdbms_security_store_oracle.sql is not running at all. I tried to run that SQL separately but it says Right parenthesis missing. I am providing you its screenshot for further reference.
it seems sql command issue. |
0.992617 | It sounds like the plot of a Hollywood science-fiction movie. An alien species is dying. Their only hope is for a brood of artificially fertilised eggs created from the preserved DNA of some of the last survivors to be brought back to life in a future world where (hopefully) conditions are better suited to them.
Crazy? Not really: this is the only hope remaining for the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). The death of Nola, a 41-year-old female who had to be euthanised at San Diego Zoo following a routine operation to treat an abscess, leaves just three individuals remaining in the world. Two are infertile females, the solitary male has low fertility; all are elderly.
After being decimated by poaching, the subspecies appears to have no chance of natural recovery. The three remaining rhino, Najin, Fatu, and Sudan, are living under 24-hour guard at Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, and are effectively "walking dead".
The only possible (and highly optimistic) route to non-extinction is for frozen eggs and sperm from these last rhino to be combined with DNA from the last few to die, and the resulting embryos implanted into surrogate mothers for gestation. These surrogates would be southern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum), a closely-related and much more populous subspecies.
Nola, who recently died following surgery to drain a hip abscess.
The northern white rhino's precipitous decline is due to poaching. It was last sighted in the wild back in 2006 and drastic action, when it was taken, was too little, too late. In 2009, four of the dwindling captive population were moved to Kenya to encourage breeding. But the animals were too old, and all attempts at reproduction, including controversial inter-breeding with southern relatives, failed.
Can we bring an (effectively) dead species back to life? Enter the Jurassic Park scenario. For those unfamiliar with the story, scientists facilitate the rebirth of extinct dinosaurs using DNA from long-dead animals in a process known as de-extinction.
We know that it is possible: back in 1996 Dolly the sheep was produced using similar technology (gene insertion into an egg, and development in a surrogate mother). And, whenever a well-preserved woolly mammoth is found frozen in ice, we hear whispers of the potential to produce a living mammoth using its DNA. The technique works in cattle, sheep, and mice. However, we have not yet brought an extinct species back to life or even saved a nearly extinct species using such technology.
Fortunately, San Diego Zoo had the foresight to collect samples in recent years via skin biopsy and post-mortem from 13 individual northern white rhino. In theory, their stem cells could be inserted into eggs and sperm from the remaining northern whites to maximise the genetic diversity of the "re-born" population.
Frozen sperm from recently deceased male Angalifu is in storage at San Diego's Frozen Zoo, but sadly the project remains egg-less as Nola's eggs, harvested immediately upon her death, proved infertile. The situation is desperate as all three remaining northern white rhino have reproductive concerns.
We're entering uncharted territory here. It may be possible to proceed with stem cell development via in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and the implantation of eggs (embryo transfer) to surrogate southern white rhino, but it's never been done before and there's lots we still don't know about rhino reproduction. The uterus is deep within the body, for instance, and the zoo will need to develop special instruments to reach it.
What does the future hold for the white rhino?
Researchers are currently looking to raise £500,000 (US$750,000) via GoFundMe campaign Make a Rhino, Save a Species, and scientists and conservationists associated with the project estimate that they may produce a calf in eight years time. By that time, the remaining three northern white rhino will likely be dead, and the subspecies formally extinct.
But a question remains. Even if it is possible to bring back the northern white rhino, from a founder population of 13 or so individuals, will the resurrected population be genetically viable? And how will we save them post-resurrection when we failed with our best chance pre-extinction?
Some would argue that, as a subspecies, the northern white rhino is of limited importance. After all, the southern whites are still going, with fears over their long-term future countered by hope in more likely technology, and they could be moved northwards to fill the same ecological role. However, any adaptive (genetic) differences unique to the northern white rhino are currently lost to the species as a whole.
If we accept that conservation resources are limited, should we not be prioritising species that we are more likely to save, such as Africa's remaining southern white and black rhino, or the various endangered Asian species, rather than trying to resurrect a subspecies that is already functionally extinct? |
0.999954 | Is it reasonable for an author to withdraw an accepted paper because they have since done better work?
I submitted a paper to a good journal, it was refereed, and after a year it got accepted for publication.
But now that a year has passed, I no longer find the results or methods of that paper to be that great (novel?). And much of my more recent work, which has been submitted to other good journals but has not yet been published, is of greater quality and improves on the earlier methods.
If the paper is published, then the readers may perceive the author to be shallow or inferior in some ways. Also, if the more recent work is published then people may think I'm over-using a particular method, or "salami slicing". Of course, the latter would not be accurate, as the most recent work was begun several months after the first paper was submitted.
If the paper is withdrawn, then the referee and editor (whom are very respected) may hold a grudge, or simply have a lesser opinion. That could impact future submissions and my reputation.
Although, if I formed a habit of submitting and withdrawing because of better and better results... my work would eventually be so wonderful that nobody would know about it!
No, this is not reasonable. It's up to you to determine that your paper meets an acceptable standard before you submit it, and stand by that determination unless you find a critical error in the work. Maybe it's not as good as what you're working on now, or maybe you're just overthinking things out of perfectionism, but it doesn't matter. Not every paper is a breakthrough, and that's alright.
Practically speaking, one less-than-exciting paper isn't going to give you a reputation as a salami slicer, and even if it did, this is much less bad (think several orders of magnitude less bad) than having a reputation for wasting editors' and referees' time because you won't stand behind your own work.
I'm not sure about the legal fine points, but you might not even be able to retract the paper at this stage without the editor's agreement (and why would the editor agree if there's nothing wrong with the paper?).
The work obviously will be less novel (particularly to its author) a year later, but that does not seem like a good reason to withdraw it. If the paper contains good and useful work, withdrawing it at that point is just wasting everyone's time: the authors', the editor's and the reviewers'. Unless there are substantial errors in the paper, or the journal demands too taxing changes before publication, I'd say go ahead and have it published.
And much of your more recent work, which has been submitted to other good journals but has not yet been published, is of greater quality and improves on the earlier methods.
There is no guarantee that the more recent work will be published in good journals, so why risk the old work as well?
Also, if the more recent work is published then people may think the author is over-using a particular method, or "salami slicing". Of course, the latter would not be accurate, as the most recent work was begun several months after the first paper was submitted.
Usually the submission date is included in the published version of the paper, so it should be easy to disprove this.
It would also be a good way to annoy editors (and possibly reviewers) making it harder to publish those eventual, wonderful results. Not to mention that never publishing is rather bad for future funding opportunities.
I doubt that reviewers hold grudges. Many won't even know whether a paper they reviewed was ever published. Editors may be a different story, if they expect the paper for an upcoming publication.
On reason your older work seems "shallow" is that you have advanced in the art since you wrote it. You would feel the same if it had been published long ago. Celebrate your growth. Poets and other writers often feel the same way about early work, though that isn't universal.
But if you don't think your newer work is an improvement over the old, then you haven't grown much.
My advice is to publish it. One important reason, in my view, is that the ideas in it may inspire some future student to advance along similar lines. The journal editor will be happier, as you note.
I doubt that most academics are judged by their earliest work, or by the work they have grown beyond, but rather by their overall contribution to the field and by their best work.
Of course, if you find errors in a paper that were missed by the reviewers it is a different story. The editor should be informed, at least.
It is completely normal for papers to describe work that's at least a year old by the time they're finally published. It is completely normal for the authors of papers to continue working on the topic and obtain new results. Of course your work today on this topic is better than the work you did a year ago.
No reasonable person is going to accuse you of salami slicing if you produce multiple papers on a topic over a period of years. Salami slicing is dividing a single piece of completed work into more papers than it needs to be. That's not what you did: you took a finished piece of work, published it and then extended it. If everybody waited until all possible consequences of their work had been fully determined before publishing then, for example, the entirety of physics would consist of a single (as-yet-unwritten) paper called "How the universe works. No, really, we figured it out." Meanwhile, you'll find it hard to get your next job if you never publish anything because there's always some way of extending the work.
It would be completely inappropriate to withdraw your paper, unless you've found that it's incorrect. The referees have spent considerable time reading it; they and the editor have decided that it is interesting and novel enough to publish. Good luck with your next paper; it sounds like you've already made a lot of progress on it.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged publications withdraw or ask your own question.
Can one prevent a co-author from publishing on arXiv without consent?
Will a master student publishing several short papers come across in a bad way? |
0.946646 | Згідно теорії даосизму всі явища та речі у нашому житті взаємозалежні та „виростають одне з одного”. Так реалізується усім відома світоглядна стратегія - нічого випадкового не буває. Якщо зірки запалюються, значить це комусь потрібно, пам’ятаєте? Давні філософи стверджували, що випадковість - то неусвідомлена закономірність. Усе наше життя підпорядковується обставинам та умовам, в яких ми знаходимося, які є об’єктивними, незалежними від нашої волі.
...Якщо ціна на автомобілі буде встановлена вище від точки рівноваги, попит на них зменшиться, пропозиція перевищить попит, запас непроданих автомобілів зростатиме, що змусить виробників знизити ціни і скоротити виробництво цього товару. Це призведе до зростання попиту й ….
Закони природи, економіки безперервно втручаються у наше життя і змушують нас жити за своїм принципом. Це все одно, що грати в комп’ютерні ігри з різними рівнями. На кожному рівні живуть люди: на першому – малозабезпечені, на другому вони мають свої будинки та недорогі автомобілі, на третьому – будинки та автомобілі вже дорожчі.
Ми граємо, іноді переходимо на вищий рівень, іноді падаємо вниз, і весь час відчуваємо що ніяк не можемо виграти. Переходячи з одного соціального прошарку до іншого, ми все одно залишаємося в тій самій площині. That’s what we call objective conditions (all the things that affect the way something happens) and circumstances (facts or events that make a situation the way it is).
This time we’ll learn about the way we can talk about different conditions in English. And this way is called CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. They play an important role in English grammar and they are actually some of the most useful structures in English and are commonly included in daily conversations.
All conditional sentences contain a dependent clause and an independent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with if; it expresses a condition. The independent clause expresses a result of the condition.
There are two kinds of conditional sentences: real and unreal. Real Conditional (Zero and First Conditionals) describes real-life situations. It expresses an idea which is probably true, or at least very possible. Unreal Conditional (Second and Third Conditionals) describes unreal, imaginary situations. We use Unreal conditionals when the idea expressed in the if-clause is impossible or unlikely.
Let us have a close look at Real Conditionals.
Look at the sentence: If it is a public holiday, the banks do not open.
Is there anything unreal about it? Of course, not. Moreover, it shows us the situation that everybody knows about.
The Zero Conditional is a structure which is used for talking about general truths, or scientific facts – things which happen under certain conditions. In structures like this, if means the same as when or every time, because we’re talking in general, not about one particular case.
E.g.: If you save up money, you’re less worried about your future.
Zero conditional is easy to form because all the verbs are in present tense.
NOTE! Modal verbs are also widely used in the Zero Conditional sentences.
E.g.: If you get wet, you can catch a cold.
If you work in an office, you have to wear official clothes.
I get angry if people are late for meetings.
If I cook soup, I add different spices.
We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You’re planning to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition (NOT WILL). Modal verbs, Present Continuous and Present Perfect are also possible in the if-clause.
If I can finish work early, I’ll come and help you.
If you’re going shopping, will you buy me some milk?
If he has had enough, he’ll stop.
We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen.
E.g.: If I go to my friend's house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers. (I AM STILL NOT SURE WHETHER I WILL GO TO HIS HOUSE OR NOT, BUT THERE’S A REAL POSSIBILITY).
If I pass my exam, we can/could celebrate (We can celebrate if we want to).
You should take his advice if he gives you one.
If I have free time, I must go to see my granny.
Imperative (instruction, advice) is also widely used in the result clause.
If she comes, tell her to wait for me.
“be going to” is used in the result clause to talk about plans and intentions.
If Helen passes all her exams, we are going to buy her a big present.
In the table below you can see some particular uses of Real Conditionals.
If you cut your finger, you bleed.
If you exercise regularly, you feel better.
If I order coffee, I ask for milk and sugar.
You will get good marks if you study hard.
If you touch that switch, you’ll hurt yourself.
If you stop eating fat food, you’ll lose weight.
Have you ever heard of Murphy´s Law? This is various sarcastical statements like ‘If many things can go wrong, they will all go wrong at the same time’. Let us see... All you need is just match the sentences in A with those in B.
If your looking for more than one thing,.
a close friend will grab their attention.
her boyfriend will always be there to confirm it.
it´ll fall on the buttered side.
the room lights won't work.
How would you complete the following sentences using the same manner like in Murphy´s Law?
1) If you go behind a girl……….
2) If you're having difficulties choosing between potential two girls/boys……..
4) If a girl tells you "let's stay friends"………….
5) If you are given a take home exam………………..
For more information about Murphy´s Law visit this page - http://www.murphys-laws.com/murphy/murphy-true.html. |
0.999788 | Do you make resolutions each year? If you are like me, I usually make a few but rarely keep them. What's interesting is that I often find myself making the same resolutions that I tried to keep the year before. Change takes time, especially big changes. Here are a few tips on how to make changes for life rather than new years resolutions.
1. Involve your people. Whether your tell your friends, family, or co workers, make sure that your community knows what you are working on. Feeling a sense of accountability often helps keep you on track.
2. Be realistic. Think about what your current "normal" is and take that into account. Don't set your self up to fail. For example: I have a goal of walking 10,000 steps daily but in general my daily average is more like 4,000. My life goal will be to be active for 1 hour (aka 10,000 steps) 3 times a week. Once I get to a place where that is my normal, then I can adjust to make it more of a challenge and say maybe 5 days a week until I work up to 10,000 steps daily. Focus on small steps to create a change of lifestyle over time that's sustainable.
3. Figure out your motives. If I have a goal of losing weight or of eating differently, it's important that I understand why I have that goal. Do I believe that I will be more loved or admired if I attain this? Am I doing this because I feel pressured by someone else or by a physical problem? Am I searching for happiness or fulfillment? I've found that my motives usually make or break a change.
4. Come up with reminders for the life changes that are hard to remember on a daily basis. One of mine is to drink at least 64oz of water every day. I am doing a few things as reminders or as motivation. I bought a water bottle that has measurements on the outside, I track my intake through an app on my phone, and I must always accept when someone offers me water. These little things help me stay on track.
5. Schedule a monthly check in with yourself. Make a list of your daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly commitments and re evaluate whether or not you are able to fully commit in a way that is meaningful. If not, start eliminating. When your schedule is maxed out you are less likely to be able to add new changes into your routine.
6. Make a plan for how you will accomplish your life goals. For example, if I want to begin the habit of storing my clothes in my closet or dresser rather than all over my bedroom floor/furniture, then I first have to purge my closet and storage space until all of my clothing fits into the designated area in a manageable and comfortable way. Once I have a spot for my clothes I'm much more likely to hang them back up or fold them to store in my dresser. Often times our bad habits make sense. If my closet is jam packed and has no room or order, then I'm likely to leave my clothes on a chair where I can easily find them BUT if my closet it organized, I'm much more likely to make use of it.
Did you make resolutions this year? How are they going? Any tips or ideas you would like to share?
Well it's officially getting cool enough to pull out some long sleeves. I won't lie, I've enjoyed the lingering warm weather but I'm really excited about sweaters and boots.
My summer capsule worked really well for me. My mornings are so much simpler and I don't spend nearly as much time getting ready. I did notice that there were a handful of things that I really didn't wear more than once or twice and that I want more variety in my next capsule.
Excuse this extremely unflattering picture of me but it had to be included. This is proof that I do understand what it's like for all of you amazing clients who give up things that you have sentimental attachments to but just don't make sense anymore. I've had this plaid shirt since high school. It doesn't button. It hasn't buttoned for 5years. I let it go this week. It was hard but I'm not regretting it.
I pulled out all my cool weather clothing from storage and tried on everything earlier this week. The quick try on eliminated about 15 items. Onto the hard part; narrowing down the things that I still like and wear. Again, it always helps to have a second opinion so I called in my trusty business partner. With Taryn's help I was able to narrow down even further and came up with 40 items. (The technical number is supposed to be 37 but I'm extending grace for myself-I'm also not including work wear in this number) I also know that there are a number of items that I would like to replace but don't want to get rid of until I have replacements. My mindset going into the fall is that if I purchase items, I have to trade them out for items in my current capsule. If you need incentive to purge, we are hosting a pretty amazing Fall/Winter Clothing Boutique and you will want to make room I assure you!
Sidenote: When I packed up my summer items to store I filled only one large tub instead of the two I filled last year. This is great news because we have fairly limited storage at our house.
Have any of you tried out capsule wardrobing? What do you think? If not, what's holding you back? I'm super curious to know if some people just don't like the concept or if it seems daunting etc. |
0.999985 | Why is "price elasticity of demand" important for determining whether or not a good has a stable market?
"Price elasticity of demand" is an important characteristic for determining how a product will react to changes in its price. If a product is determined to be "elastic" it is because it's quantity demanded changes drastically given small changes in its price. The inverse is true when a product is deemed "inelastic", which is to say that large changes in its price result in small changes in quantity demanded. An example of an "elastic" goods could be articles of clothing. Clothes are goods that are priced specifically to both reflect the quality and be affordable, cheap clothing is presumed to be low-quality, and expensive clothing is imprudent. An example of an "inelastic" good would be water. Water is a necessary good, and will be demanded regardless of its price or the availability of alternatives.
Why is a "S.W.O.T." analysis important if a company has already completed thorough internal and external analyses?
A "S.W.O.T." analysis is a simple means of assessing the potential of a company given its environmental factors. A "S.W.O.T." analysis compares and contrasts the Strengths and Weaknesses of a company with the Opportunities and Threats of its environment. Although a "S.W.O.T." analysis requires no additional information, it can provide key insights, and positively influence overall strategy.
What is the difference between a "bull" and "bear" market?
"Bull" and "bear" are antonyms. Both are associated with predictions about the future state of a market value. To be "bullish" means to believe, regardless of evidence, that market value will increase. To be "bearish" means to believe, regardless of evidence, that market value will decrease. Despite that fact that either prediction is merely an estimation, the terms are typically used with vigor, and it is important to remain rational and resolved amidst this challenging emotional manipulation by wordplay. |
0.999959 | How do I prune the roots of a rootbound plant?
This answer talks about pruning the roots of a plant when it has become rootbound.
How easy is it and how do you go about it?
Root pruning is typically done when the roots of the plant are all entangled and have begun growing around in circles. Pruning is necessary for the continued growth and health of the plant.
Pruning approaches can vary wildly, depending on how badly the plant is root bound, but the essential goal in each case is the same: free the roots! I'll describe two ways of doing it, depending on the severity of root boundedness.
Here (see examples below), the plant is just starting to get root bound and the roots outside are mostly whitish (new roots) or thin. This is perhaps the best stage to diagnose root boundedness and do the pruning, as most of the roots can be retained without very heavy pruning.
You can start by gently trying to separate out the roots. Try to squeeze and separate or use a tool to shake the soil off. You can also use your fingers to tickle the soil out of the gaps and free the roots. You might not be able to separate individual fibers in the left image, and that's ok. For the picture on the right, you might be able to separate out each of the root fibers.
Snip away any tips of the roots that are bunched up together and cannot be untangled. You needn't try to save each and every fiber. The plant can take some pruning and that's perfectly fine. Usually, these spots are around where the pot has protrusions/ridges (see bottom of both images).
The picture in the question and the following examples fall under this category. If not pruned immediately, the plant will have serious issues.
In these cases, the pruning is generally harsher, as the goal is to first free the plant from being suffocated. For the plant in the question and the first one in the right image, I would take a sharp knife and make several vertical slits (every quarter or an eighth around the base) to cut out the roots that bind it from the outside and be able to pry it open. This is necessary, because the roots have become extremely tangled and have begun going in circles.
Once you do that and start freeing up the roots, you'd actually be amazed to see that some of them are a foot to a foot-and-a-half long! After you've freed them and dislodged the soil, take a pruning scissors and go to town on the roots. Trim them down by cutting off the excess length from the mature, thick roots and keeping as much as possible, of the newer roots (these won't be that long, and you can trim the ends). Do this till you bring the root clump down to a reasonable size, with free roots, ready to be transplanted.
Although you aren't explicitly cutting the roots in the first approach, as you do in the second, you will hear the thin, young, white roots snap as you pry the root ball open. Do not worry about this; it's bound to happen and the plant will be fine. Remember, some roots have to be sacrificed for the rest of them and the plant to survive.
While you can prune the roots aggressively in the second case, do not over do it. In other words, do not leave a plant with just 2 roots fibers, when it had 30 to start with.
Scheduled root pruning (to maintain the size) is best done in the dormant season. However, if a plant is failing because of the roots, then it's best done immediately (except perhaps, in the harsh winter).
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged roots root-pruning or ask your own question.
How to deal with very packed Spathiphyllum roots when repotting?
Why has my mint plant gone all woody/sparse/stringy?
What's the next action I should take with this rootbound plant?
How do I manage roots in a multi-plant planter?
Should I remove the tree roots coming from the neighbouring garden?
Why should I prune roots of bare root blackberries before planting?
Will shaving the top of a Red Maple's roots hurt the tree?
If the tree roots must be reduced, is it wise to reduce the crown too? |
0.977644 | In the months before John Lennon was tragically gunned down outside The Dakota in New York City on December 8, 1980, by deranged killer Mark David Chapman, life for the ex Beatle and his bride Yoko Ono was full of 'unclouded happiness'.
And those moments, during the creation of what would be their last album together, are captured in the collection of photographs of the couple, published for the first time in the book, Double Fantasy.
The photographs were taken by Kishin Shinoyama, who has now written about them in a book by him and Yoko Ono, published by Taschen Books in multiple international editions.
The touching and beautiful collection of never-before-seen photographs were shot while they were making their last album together: the Double Fantasy Album.
Cozy: John and Yoko schmooze in the outdoor patio of a Manhattan restaurant.
The Beatles had broken up a decade before.
John had embraced a new life he described as 'househusband' and he was now focused on creative, political and musical projects. The couple had made international news in 1969 with their Vietnam War protest, the Bed-In in Amsterdam and Montreal.
The Double Fantasy album was going to be John's comeback at age forty, reflecting his personal growth in music and self that he attributed to Yoko, now 82, the first woman who told him that his previous lifestyle of wantonly pursuing women, alcohol and drugs was meaningless.
Paul McCartney and John had finally resolved a bitter rift that dissolved when both men bonded over fatherhood and baking bread. They were once again 'good friends', McCartney told Jonathan Ross on his show last December.
McCartney was one of three people that Yoko called when she returned home from the hospital that fateful night to say that John had not survived the five hollow-point bullets Mark David Chapman fired at the singer just outside their apartment at The Dakota, across the street from Central Park.
George Harrison was deeply shocked by his bandmate's murder but had had little contact with him in the years prior to the murder.
Broken up emotionally, Ringo Starr and his wife, Barbara Bach, immediately flew to New York to offer comfort to Yoko.
'They were two people in one,' Ringo said.
Lennon was the unofficial leader of the Beatles, 'the cheeky wit and sardonic soul of the Beatles', Newsweek wrote in 2014. His death was the end of an era.
Yoko remembers the last time the couple went into the studio together in 1978, the Hit Factory in New York.
Yoko introduces the collection of photos in the book.
'When John and I decided to make the album Double Fantasy, breaking a five-year silence, we wondered whom we should ask to take the photographs. As the two of us thought about it, suddenly the face of Kishin Shinoyama came to mind.
'I said, "For once, I'd really like to have a Japanese photographer." John quickly agreed, saying, "Right, that sounds good." I never expected that "for once" would turn out to be the last album John and I made together, and that "for once" would live on forever'.
Kishin Shinoyama remembers that last recording session: 'I checked in at the Hotel Lexington, and by early afternoon I was down the street at the door of The Hit Factory on West 48th Street, the recording studio where John and Yoko were working on the final parts of the record, inserting choruses and other additional layers of sounds.
'The two had been working intensely for over a month, recording 28 songs — 14 of John's and 14 of Yoko's. The concept of Double Fantasy was a back-and-forth dialogue, a kind of musical conversation between them.
'As I entered the studio, the atmosphere was of creativity and concentration. Yoko greeted me and immediatelyintroduced me to John. He was slim and dressed all in black. His demeanor was very sweet, gentle . . . almost tender. He welcomed me warmly and then returned his attention to four backup singers, directing them as they laid down the chorus to a song he had written called "Woman".
'Throughout the sessions, I noticed that John always spoke with the staff and the studio musicians in a quiet, clear manner, remaining calm and focused, despite the seemingly endless days and nights of work. Overall, there was a feeling of both relief and exhaustion in the air, a sense that this important and cathartic project was finally nearing completion'.
While dining later at Mr Chow's, Kishin learned that he and John were both 40 years old.John revealed 'he was at a turning point, that he wanted to forget everything that had come before and start again', Kishin writes.'He was trying to clear away those feelings — of fame, of the past — in order to become a new person.
'He explained to me that without Yoko, he wouldn't be there now - that the first part of his life he had been obsessed with alcohol and women and drugs, and that Yoko had been the first woman to tell him that what he was obsessed with was meaningless.
'He felt that those words had changed him, and this new album was going to celebrate that change'.
A month after Kishin returned to Japan, John was shot and killed.
'I look back at these photos, so many years later, and I feel that I captured John and Yoko at their happiest moment. They were doing creative work, working on the album, recording together. And they were raising their son and loving each other and living a full life together,' Kishin offers. |
0.97259 | In 2006, there were 4.5 million American Indians/Alaska Natives in the United States, representing 1.5 percent of the total U.S. population.
In 2006, almost half (49 percent) of all American Indians/Alaska Natives alone, including those of Hispanic ethnicity, resided in western states.
In 2003, there were more than 560 federally recognized American Indian/Alaska Native tribes, with the largest tribes being Cherokee and Navajo.
Since 1990, the median age of American Indians/Alaska Natives, including those of Hispanic ethnicity, increased by 5 years, from 26 to 31.
In 2006, the median age for the general population was 36 years.
In 2006, 27 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native individuals lived in poverty compared to 13 percent of the general population. At 36 percent, the American Indian/Alaska Native poverty rate was higher among families on reservations than among families in other American Indian/Alaska Native areas in 1999.
In 2005, the overall fertility rate for American Indian/Alaska Native women (ages 15 to 44 years) was 60 births per 1,000 women, which was lower than that for women in general (67 per 1,000); however, birth rates for young American Indian/Alaska Native women (ages 15 to 24 years) were higher than among young women overall (53 per 1,000 compared to 41 per 1,000 for 15- to 19-year-olds and 109 per 1,000 compared to 102 per 1,000 for 20- to 24- year-olds).
Infant and child mortality rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives were higher than those for all infants and children under age 20.
For example, the child mortality rate for 15- to 19-year-olds was higher for American Indians/Alaska Natives (94 per 100,000) than compared to the general population (65 per 100,000). |
0.725441 | Tost's racing career began at an early age when he competed in Formula Ford and Formula Three, before working as a team manager at the Austrian based Walter Lechner Racing School. In 1993, he joined Willi Weber Management, best known for managing Michael Schumacher, where he looked after Ralf Schumacher's early career in Japan.
His first foray into F1 was in 2001 when he moved to BMW, where he worked as track operations manager until he moved to the newly-formed Toro Rosso (previously Minardi) in 2006. The team finished their first season with a single point, but they finished the following year with eight points, meriting a respectable sixth place.
However, the season was not without controversy, as American Scott Speed was dismissed in July 2007 after his third successive retirement. After spinning out in heavy rain at the Nürburgring, the American was reportedly involved in a physical altercation with Tost, which the Toro Rosso boss denied. Speed subsequently launched a verbal attack on him, claiming he was "out of control".
At the end of the 2007 season he was accused by David Coulthard of circulating rumours of a move to Red Bull for two-time world champion Fernando Alonso. Coulthard, who had already signed a contract with Red Bull for the 2008 season, claimed it was inappropriate of him to comment on the team owned by the same parent company.
His greatest moment in the sport came at the 2008 Italian Grand Prix when Red Bull protégé Sebastian Vettel qualified on pole and went on to take a lights to flag victory. However, the other teams were not as impressed and demanded that Toro Rosso constructed its own chassis rather than using a Red Bull. The FIA agreed and from 2010 onwards Toro Rosso have been on their own.
Never a stranger to controversy, Tost changed his driver line-up mid-season again in 2009. After a string of disappointing results, Toro Rosso released veteran ChampCar driver Sebastien Bourdais and replaced him with 19-year-old Jaime Alguersuari, who became the youngest driver in the history of F1. Bourdais threatened legal proceedings for unfair dismissal, and he also alleged he was sacked via text message, but this was strenuously denied by Tost.
His decision to introduce Alguersuari - the Spaniard never having driven a single lap in an F1 car - sparked further outrage, with drivers claiming Alguersuari threatened the safety of other competitors. In 2010 he kept Alguersuari and Buemi but the car was nothing special and the team lacked the resources to develop it.
2011 brought more success and 41 points, meaning Toro Rosso finished comfortably ahead of Williams in the constructors' championship. However, Alguersuari's and Buemi's opportunity to impress had run its course and both were dropped in favour of the next generation of Red Bull proteges, Daniel Ricciardo and Jean-Eric Vergne. |
0.928657 | Who’s nominated at the 2018 BMA’S?
On May 20, the 2018 Billboard Music Awards is scheduled to air on NBC, 7 nP.M. CT. As of April 23rd, the lineup of performers include, Cardi B, Ed Sheeran, Taylor Swift, and Camila Cabello. Nine-time BMA nominee, Kelly Clarkson is hosting the 2018 music special. Unlike the Grammys, all awards are entirely based on fan interaction, as well as digital sales, radio airplay, streaming, and other key factors.
Below is every single nomination and the corresponding artist and or piece of music. |
0.999341 | When at home, how will the service dog behave with our cat?
We will give the dog exposure to cats, but we highly recommend introducing the dog to your pet cat in a specific way, which we will supervise. It's best if the cat has claws because then the cat can communicate to the dog that he/she doesn't want to play. We will usually introduce them with the dog unleashed, but under our (and your) close supervision. The goal is to introduce the animals together in such a way that the dog won't chase the cat like a squirrel, but rather, the cat will stare down the dog (and worst case, the cat has its claws for protection). The cat should have a safe space (like a tall cat-tree or a room with a cat-door) where the cat can always go to feel completely safe from the dog. In this way, the cat has “agency” and can devise its own long-term strategy for living with the dog. |
0.999999 | Is catfish a good source of nutrients during pregnancy?
Catfish is a freshwater fish and is eaten widely around the world. Pregnant women are generally told to stay away from fish because of the mercury in their bodies that are harmful for their health. However, due to the low mercury level in catfish, they are completely safe for eating.
The fish is an excellent source of protein and several vitamins and minerals. Catfish are rich in Vitamin B12 that helps to maintain neurological health and increase red blood cell formation. The minerals thiamine and niacin aid in maintaining a healthy appetite, energy production, and skin and nerve growth. Furthermore, the iron and folate prevents anemia in the mother and neural tube defects in the baby. If you’re craving seafood during pregnancy, look no further than catfish which is a safe and delectable option for consumption. |
0.999996 | What Is Long Run Incremental Cost?
Long run incremental cost (LRIC) is a forward-looking cost that a company needs to include in its accounting. Long run incremental costs are gradual costs a company is able to predict and plan for over the long term.
Long run incremental cost (LRIC) refers to the changing costs that a company can somewhat foresee. Examples of long-run incremental costs include energy and oil price increases, rent increases, expansion costs and maintenance expenses.
Long run incremental costs often refer to the changes affiliated with making a product, such as the cost of raw materials. For example, say production for a certain manufactured good requires a significant amount of oil. If oil prices are expected to decline, then the long run incremental cost of producing the good is also likely to decline. There is no guarantee that long run incremental costs will change in the exact amount predicted, but attempting to calculate such costs help a company make future investment decisions.
Accurate cost prediction and measurement is critical to properly pricing goods and services. Companies with the most accurate cost measurement can adequately define whether or not they are making a profit, and know how to gauge potential new products and investments. Using an accurate method to determine costs is a primary focus of cost accounting and financial control. Incremental and marginal costs are two fundamental tools to evaluate future production and investment opportunities.
Previously made purchases or investments, such as the cost of a plot of land or the cost of building a factory, are referred to as sunk costs and are not included in long run incremental cost predictions. Incremental costs can include several different direct or indirect costs, however only costs that will change are to be included. For example, say a factory production line is at full capacity and therefore the company would like to add another production line. Incremental costs might include the cost of new equipment, the people to staff the line, electricity to run the line and additional human resources and benefits.
Conversely, marginal costs refer to the cost of production for one or more unit of a service or product. Goods or services with high marginal costs tend to be unique and labor intensive, whereas low marginal cost items are usually very price competitive.
The marginal cost is the change in total cost that comes from making or producing one additional item. The purpose of analyzing marginal cost is to determine at what point an organization can achieve economies of scale, which refers to the reduced costs per unit that arise from an increased total output of a product.
Marginal cost of production is the change in total cost that comes from making or producing one additional item.
Long-run average total cost is a calculation that shows the average cost per unit of output for production over a lengthy period.
The cost of labor is the total of all employee wages plus the cost of benefits and payroll taxes paid by an employer. |
0.997709 | Where to find zombies and Mystery Boxes in Blackout mode.
Black Ops 4 Blackout Zombies and Mystery Boxes are some of the mode's secrets you can uncover.
In something different for a Battle Royale mode, there are non-player characters on the map to battle - zombies. Their presence is also tied to Blackout Mystery Box locations. Find them both, and you could be get your hands on some valuable loot.
Unlike character unlocks, which are one-time only challenges, these could become part of your strategy to get you kitted up in advance for the final stages of a match - so learning these zombie locations will come in handy.
Within certain specific locations of the map, zombies and Mystery Boxes will spawn. These Mystery Boxes and the zombies themselves can hold any loot in the game, though tend to have rare and valuable items - such as level three armour - through to exclusive drops such as a Raygun, a Cymbal Monkey and Zweihänder.
Once you arrive there, you have to wait a certain amount of time and kill zombies until it opens. Hunt them down or let them come to you, and soon a sound will play to let you know it's been opened.
There will only ever be two present at once, at five preset locations, so you know exactly where they will be. More can get added when others are opened or expire over the course of a match, indicated by a rumble of thunder. If you hear it, look around to see if one of the locations is near you, then make a decision whether you want to go for it.
Remember, they will only be 'active' if the beam of light above them is present. You can see these very far away - from any corner of the map, in fact - so they won't be easily missed.
Mystery Box locations are added about a minute after the match begins, and if you want to go after them first, then you can either try and predict them (maybe by deciding on one side of the map or another) using the Mystery Box and zombie spawn locations map above, or by slowing your descent as long as possible. Unlike Fortnite, where you can pretty much travel the span of the map if you pull your parachute as soon as you drop from the Battlebus, you'll fall fairly quickly from the chopper in Blackout, but you can pull back and glide your way across some of the map at least make some headway.
Zombies are pretty hardy, but can be taken down with a few punches if you arrive with no weaponry. Try not to get overwhelmed, and make sure you have an exit behind or near you in case things get a little heated.
It'll be interesting to see whether the meta lies in Blackout over time. Will those particularly skilled in looting Mystery Boxes give certain players a real advantage, or is it something that can boost the fortunes of those who go out of their way to find them?
Either way, they're out of Blackout's more unique and novel features - and every visit should have decent loot to make it worth your while. If you can survive the zombie hordes, obviously. |
0.997765 | How do I find out if a company name is available in a given state?
Most states and territories, as well as the District of Columbia, offer a similar search service at the links below. Note that many services do not operate 24/7. Some states or territories may provide basic information at no cost and more detailed information for a fee. |
0.998296 | Tips to help you stand out at work!
It always feels good to do your best at work. Praise, acknowledgment, and other positive reinforcements may help reinvigorate your work ethic and dedication to your job. If you’re a healthcare worker, you can build a sense of pride in a career where you help take care of people with injuries, disabilities, illnesses, or age-related issues.
Do you wish to develop ways to build a more productive work environment for your coworkers and your patients? Taking steps to maintain a safe, efficient, and positive workplace for yourself and others can help you reach your professional and personal goals. Not only could you help provide more effective care for others, but you may also standout to your supervisors!
If you want to show your dedication to your healthcare job, arrive to work at least 15 minutes early. When you get to work, give yourself time to put away your belongings, hang up your coat, and arrange supplies and paperwork for the upcoming day. Sometimes traffic can be bad or public transportation can be late, so plan accordingly! Allow yourself enough time to shower, change, and eat breakfast during the morning. When you arrive early, you may focus on which steps you need to take to prepare exam rooms, medical equipment, and essential paperwork. You can check your email and the schedule to see how you should manage your time. When you arrive early, you can exhibit a calmer attitude and feel more focused! You could come off as more responsive and confident when speaking with the boss at the beginning of your shift.
Dressing professionally is one way that you can present yourself as responsible in the workplace. On a subconscious level, people who appear clean and professionally dressed are thought of as hard workers. Stick to the dress code of the healthcare facility and make sure you adhere to proper hygiene roles each day. Your boss may notice that effort you put into looking approachable for patients and staff members since you represent the healthcare facility where you work. Plus, you can feel more comfortable during the busy day.
Try not to bring your personal baggage to work. Unnecessary drama won’t be tolerated in the workplace. Instead, keep it professional. Show a positive attitude towards your patients and coworkers. Staying kind and courteous to your coworkers will help build a cooperative environment. Another way to stay positive and professional is to avoid complaining. If you think workplace procedures could operate more efficiently, then try coming up with ways that could make the workplace more productive.
Are there any tools or technological devices that could help during the work day? If you can’t think of any, research some apps or ways other healthcare workers make their day more efficient.
What ways can your department do to improve patient care?
Do you and your coworkers need a better communication system in order to complete tasks more efficiently?
Think of ways to improve group morale and strengthen the dedication of your healthcare team. Maybe you can come up with some team building exercises or socialize with them more during breaks.
As with any job, problems or issues may occasionally arise. If the supervisor is busy, some healthcare workers are given clearance to solve problems on their own. Think about ways you can solve the issue first. If you can’t come up with a solution, consult your supervisor or boss.
Step #1: First think if you’re legally allowed to solve the problem. Sometimes there are ethical situations where a healthcare worker needs to have the go-ahead from a nurse or doctor. If you are allowed to solve the problem–but are apprehensive—always consult your boss. If you have the authority to help fix an error or issue then it’s time to come up with solutions to solve it!
Step #2: Next, think of solutions to the problem. Consult your boss and offer several suggestions that could solve the issue while maintaining the integrity of patient care. Many supervisors may appreciate that you took the time to think of different ways to approach the problem. It shows that you care and are dedicated to your patients! Your boss may even use one of your suggestions, saving time and effort on their part.
Stay focused on your job and make proactive decisions that can help lead you and your healthcare team to success and positive improvements. It’s necessary that you anticipate the needs of patients. When you conduct your rounds, make sure you communicate and listen carefully with patients about their needs. For example, if you are administering medication, make sure your patients has a glass of water to swallow their pills. You should also help coworkers when you’re available. If you see that coworkers need help or another hand, make sure to offer assistance if you’re able. Staying sensitive to the needs and problems of both patients and coworkers will make you a valuable team player and caregiver. As you are more perceptive to others, your skill for anticipating needs may improve. You can also stay productive by checking and reordering supplies. Your supervisor may value your work ethic, reliability, and go-getter attitude.
Following these five tips may help you display your determination and dedication to your healthcare career. Going the extra mile to help others and focus on solutions may benefit your caregiving skills while impressing the boss. When you show that you’re responsible, proactive, and positive, it can help everyone take notice and help you advance your career. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a veteran healthcare worker or a newcomer; putting in extra effort in can improve the workplace for everyone!
This article was provided by The American College for Medical Careers (ACMC). We offer career advice, student tips, and program-related articles in our weekly blog. If you’d like more information on our healthcare training programs, contact us today or schedule a tour of our Orlando, Florida campus. |
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