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The 1977 Formula One season was the 31st season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the 28th World Championship of Drivers and the 20th International Cup for Formula 1 Constructors, which commenced on 9 January 1977, and ended on 23 October after seventeen races. The season also included a single non-championship race for Formula One cars, the 1977 Race of Champions.
Niki Lauda won his second championship, despite Mario Andretti winning more races. Jody Scheckter's Wolf won first time out, Shadow took their only victory, and Gunnar Nilsson achieved the only win of a career ended by cancer. Renault entered Grand Prix racing with a turbocharged car which was initially not very successful. The German ATS team took over the Penske cars and the South African Grand Prix was the last race a BRM ever qualified to start. Lauda departed Ferrari even before the season ended, so did not complete the season, having already sealed the title thanks to his consistent form. Ferrari won its third consecutive Constructors' title with new driver Carlos Reutemann having a solid season.
The season was also marred by one of the most horrific accidents in Formula One history. During the South African GP on 5 March, TV cameras captured how Tom Pryce was unable to avoid 19-year-old race marshall Frederik Jansen van Vuuren. The latter was killed by the terrifying collision, his body was hurled into the air, and his fire extinguisher killed and nearly decapitated Pryce, whose car proceeded to the end of the straight where it collided with Jacques Laffite's Ligier. There was further tragedy as Carlos Pace lost his life in an aviation accident only a couple of weeks after Pryce's accident.
The 1977 season started in Argentina, returning after a year's absence. It was reigning world champion James Hunt who started off his title defence with pole position in his McLaren. Countryman John Watson shared the front row with him in the Brabham, and Patrick Depailler in the six-wheeled Tyrrell was third on the grid. The weather was, as was very often the case in Buenos Aires, oppressively hot, which contributed to the attrition of this race – the track temperature was 51 °C (124 °F).
Watson took the lead at the start with Hunt second. Watson led for the first 10 laps until Hunt moved ahead and pulled away, with Mario Andretti's Lotus third, but soon the other McLaren of Jochen Mass took the place. Mass had to retire soon after with an engine failure which caused him to spin, and a suspension failure took teammate and race leader Hunt out three laps later. Watson took the lead again, but he also had suspension failures and let teammate Carlos Pace through. Watson eventually retired, and Pace struggled towards the end due to heat in his cockpit and was passed by Jody Scheckter's Wolf and Andretti, but the latter retired then with a wheel bearing failure. Scheckter took the first win of 1977, with Pace second, and home hero Carlos Reutemann completing the podium for Ferrari.
The second round took place at the longest circuit of the year – the very demanding and difficult 5-mile Interlagos circuit in São Paulo, Brazil. Hunt took pole again with Reutemann second and Andretti third on the grid. Home hero Pace took the lead at the start, with Hunt dropping behind Reutemann as well but soon Hunt was back behind Pace and attacking. There was contact, and Hunt took the lead whereas Pace had to pit for repairs. Hunt led Reutemann until he began to suffer from tyre troubles and was passed by Reutemann. Hunt pitted for new tyres, and rejoined fourth and soon passed Niki Lauda in the Ferrari and Watson to reclaim second. Reutemann marched on to victory, Hunt was second and Lauda third after Watson crashed out.
The race in South Africa was over a month later, but Hunt still continued his streak of poles, with Pace alongside and Lauda next. Hunt led off at the start, with Lauda and Scheckter following him after Pace struggled. The order stayed put until the seventh lap when Lauda took the lead and was never headed again, with Scheckter taking second from Hunt 11 laps later.
On lap 21, two marshals ran across the track after the Shadow of Renzo Zorzi caught fire. The second marshal, Fredrik Jansen van Vuuren, carrying a fire extinguisher was hit by the car of Tom Pryce at about 270 km/h (170 mph) and was killed instantly by the collision. His fire extinguisher struck Pryce's face, killing and nearly decapitating him.
The race continued however, and Lauda won, his first since his own horror crash last year, with home hero Scheckter second, and Depailler's six-wheeler took third from Hunt in the closing laps.
The death of Pryce had shaken the field up, and then before the next round at Long Beach, California in the western United States, there was more bad news, as Carlos Pace, who had finished second in the opening round in Argentina, was killed in a plane crash.
The field, in a somber mood, went to this relatively new street circuit near Los Angeles, and Lauda took pole ahead of home hero Andretti, with Scheckter third. At the start, it was Scheckter who got the best start, and he passed both Andretti and Lauda, with Reutemann going up an escape road and spinning as he tried to follow Scheckter through. The top three of Scheckter, Andretti and Lauda pulled away from the rest of the pack, and ran closely together but the order did not change. However, a tyre began to deflate for Scheckter, and both Andretti and Lauda passed him with two laps left, with Andretti thus taking a popular home victory ahead of Lauda and a disappointed Scheckter.
The next round was in Spain, at the Jarama circuit near Madrid, where Andretti continued his recent form with pole and Jacques Laffite's Ligier springing a surprise, beating Lauda to second, however Lauda was unable to take part in the race due to a broken rib. At the start, Andretti took the lead with Laffite following. Laffite gave chase to Andretti in the early stages but had to pit with a deflating tyre, leaving Andretti to romp to victory with Reutemann second. Hunt inherited third but retired with a misfire, giving it to Watson until he lost places due to a spin, leaving Scheckter to take the final spot on the podium.
In the elite Monaco race, Watson took his first career pole for Brabham with Scheckter also on the front row and Reutemann third. It was Scheckter who got the best start to beat Watson to the first corner, with Reutemann running third in the early stages until he was passed by his teammate Lauda. Watson ran second to Scheckter until mid-race when he had to retire with gearbox trouble, allowing Lauda to close in on Scheckter but the latter was flawless and held on to take his second win of the season. Lauda had to be satisfied with second, with Reutemann completing the podium.
Belgium was host to the seventh race of the season, and in qualifying at the Zolder circuit Andretti took a comfortable pole with Watson just beating the second Lotus of Gunnar Nilsson to second. The race was wet due to rain earlier in the day, and Watson took the lead at the first corner, but later in the first lap, Andretti ran into the back to him while attempting to retake the lead, resulting in both of them spinning out and Scheckter taking the lead.
Scheckter led the early stages ahead of Nilsson, whereas Reutemann made an early charge but spun off. The track began to dry and everyone had to pit for tyres, and those who stopped early were the ones who benefited, as now Lauda was leading from Jochen Mass and Scheckter was down to fifth. Mass spun off from second, handing it to Nilsson who then went on to catch and pass Lauda before driving away to his first career victory. Behind second-placed Lauda, Ronnie Peterson completed the podium for Team Tyrrell after Scheckter retired with an engine failure.
The Swedish race at the isolated Anderstorp Raceway was full of anticipation after Nilsson's win last time out, but once again in qualifying, it was his teammate Andretti leading the way from Watson, with Hunt heading the second row. At the start, again it was Watson who led into the first corner followed by Scheckter, but soon Andretti passed both of them and opened up a lead. Watson and Scheckter battled for second until they collided, with Scheckter having to retire and Watson pitting for repairs. Hunt took second but he began to drop back and was passed by a charging Laffite, and then by his teammate Mass. Andretti however, was dominant until he had to pit due to a fuel metering problem with two laps left, handing the lead to Laffite who went on to take his first ever win ahead of Mass and Reutemann.
The next race was staged at the newly extended Dijon-Prenois circuit in France, and once again it was Andretti on pole with Hunt second and Nilsson third on the grid. Hunt got the best start and led into the first corner from Watson and Laffite, with Andretti dropping down to fourth. However, Watson passed Hunt on the fifth lap and started to build a gap until Andretti got up to second and began to reel him in. During the final few laps, leader Watson and Andretti were running nose-to-tail but Watson held him off till the last lap when his engine missed a beat and immediately Andretti was past. Andretti thus took the win ahead of a crestfallen Watson and Hunt.
British drivers had not much luck this season, so it was a relief to the British fans at the fast Silverstone circuit to see defending champion Hunt on pole for his home race with Watson alongside, and Lauda next. Hunt did not get a good start, and so Watson lead into the first corner ahead of Lauda and Scheckter, but as the race progressed, a recovering Hunt soon passed both to get up to second behind Watson. The race was set for a grandstand British finish with Hunt slowly closing down leader Watson, but the fans were robbed of it when Watson's fuel system failed with 15 laps left. Hunt took the lead and went on to win his first race of the season, with Lauda second. Scheckter ran third until his engine failed, thus giving the place to Andretti until he too suffered a similar fate, leaving Nilsson to take the final spot on the podium.
The West German race took place in Hockenheim because the Nürburgring track was deemed to be too dangerous to race on because of the inability of the 'Ring's organizers to effectively manage such a huge circuit. In qualifying, Scheckter took his first pole of the season, ahead of Watson and then Lauda who headed the second row. Scheckter kept the lead at the first corner with both Watson and Lauda keeping their positions. Watson put pressure on Scheckter until his engine failed on the eighth lap, giving second to Lauda who passed Scheckter soon after and began to pull away. Scheckter battled for second with Hunt until the defending champion retired with an engine failure, giving third to Watson's teammate and home driver Hans-Joachim Stuck. That was how it stayed to the end; Lauda winning from Scheckter and Stuck. One notable highlight of the race involved German touring car legend Hans Heyer, who started the race despite failing to qualify.
With two-thirds of the season complete, Lauda led the championship as the drivers went to the very fast and scenic Österreichring in Austria. This circuit had been modified from the year before – a chicane had been put in to replace the ultra fast, flat out Voest-Hugel Kurve. Lauda pleased his home fans further by beating Hunt to pole, with Andretti settling for third on the grid. The race started in damp conditions, and poleman Lauda led into the first corner followed by Hunt, but Andretti passed both at one corner soon after. His teammate Nilsson was on a charge and was rapidly up to second, whereas Lauda went backwards.
Nilsson had to pit to change tyres, giving second to Hunt and this became the lead when Andretti's engine failed. The Australian Alan Jones in the Shadow was now charging up the order, passing both Scheckter and Stuck and as the race progressed, the recovering Nilsson and Lauda also passed the duo, however none of them could make an impression on Hunt. Hunt seemed to be headed for victory until his engine failed with ten laps left, giving Jones his first ever Formula One victory. Lauda took second and Stuck was third, both benefiting after Nilsson also retired with an engine failure. Jones's victory was so unexpected that the organizers did not have a copy of the Australian national anthem, so they played "Happy Birthday" instead (it was not Jones's birthday that day).
The field went to the Zandvoort circuit near Amsterdam in the Netherlands for the next round, and in qualifying Andretti took his fifth pole of the season with Laffite alongside on the front row, and Hunt third. At the start, Hunt jumped both the front row starters to lead but before the end of the first lap, Andretti tried to drive alongside him but some aggressive defending from Hunt forced him to lift, and Laffite took advantage to get second. Five laps later, Andretti had got back past Laffite and was again attacking Hunt, who defended aggressively but this time Andretti did not lift and they collided. Hunt was out on the spot, whereas Andretti spun and rejoined fourth.
This left Laffite leading from the Ferraris of Lauda and Reutemann. The latter had a long battle with Andretti for third, repeatedly exchanging places, until the Lotus driver's engine blew up. Soon after, Lauda passed Laffite to take the lead, and he went on build a gap and win comfortably. Laffite finished second. After Andretti's demise, Reutemann ran third until the second Lotus of Nilsson attacked him, and the two collided with Nilsson out and Reutemann rejoining at the back. This sensationally left Patrick Tambay in the Ensign third, but he ran out of fuel on the last lap, thus handing the place to Scheckter.
This meant that Lauda had a 21-point lead over Scheckter with four races left.
Italy was next on the calendar, but the fact that it was Ferrari's home race at the Monza Autodrome near Milan did not deter Hunt who took pole, whereas Reutemann cheered the home fans by starting second in front of Scheckter. Scheckter took the lead after a brilliant start, and in second place was Clay Regazzoni's Ensign who got an even better one. Regazzoni however did not have the pace and soon dropped down the order, whereas Andretti was on the move, passing Hunt on the second lap, and Scheckter a few laps later to take the lead. Hunt dropped back with brake troubles as the race progressed, and Scheckter retired when his engine failed, leaving Reutemann and Lauda in second and third. Lauda was soon past Reutemann, and the latter had to retire when he spun off on oil on the track, handing third to Jones. The race finished in that order; with Andretti taking a dominant victory from Lauda, who closed in on the championship, and Jones who took his second podium in three races.
The scenario going into the second race in the eastern United States at the picturesque and fast Watkins Glen circuit in upstate New York was that if Lauda had a single point or if Scheckter did not win the race, Lauda would be world champion. Scheckter's hopes looked bleak as he qualified ninth to Lauda's seventh, as Hunt took pole from the Brabhams of Stuck and Watson. Stuck got the best start and took the lead into the first corner followed by Hunt and Andretti. Scheckter was on a charge and passed many drivers, including Lauda, in the early stages to get up to fourth, which became third when leader Stuck crashed out. However, Hunt and Andretti continued to pull away from him and, with Lauda running fourth, Scheckter needed something extraordinary to happen to keep the title battle alive. That did not happen, as the rest of the race passed on without incident, with Hunt winning ahead of Andretti and Scheckter, with Lauda's fourth place enough to make him the world champion.
After the race, Lauda decided not to race in the final two races because of the declining relationship between him and Ferrari.
Canada was host to the penultimate round of the season at the fast and flowing Mosport Park near Toronto, and the field went in minus Lauda, who was unconvinced that Ferrari could prepare three cars efficiently for a Grand Prix – the third car was for Quebecoir Canadian Gilles Villeneuve in his debut race with Ferrari. In qualifying, Andretti took yet another pole ahead of Hunt, with Ronnie Peterson's six-wheeled Tyrrell in third. The safety of the Mosport Park circuit was under intense scrutiny, as the ubquitious bumps and limited safety of the circuit caused a number of nasty accidents including Briton Ian Ashley vaulting barriers and crashing into a TV tower. These accidents were dealt with badly and the severely injured Ashley was only flown out 40 minutes after he crashed. But the race went ahead anyway, and both Andretti and Hunt kept their positions at the start, with Hunt's teammate Jochen Mass charging up to third. Andretti and Hunt then proceeded to demolish the entire field, but they themselves were separated by nothing as they ran nose-to-tail. With less than 20 laps left, they came to lap third-placed Mass during which there was a misunderstanding between the McLarens who collided and spun off, Hunt retiring and Mass pitting for repairs and rejoining fifth. Andretti was left well over a lap ahead until his engine failed with three laps left, giving the win to Scheckter. Patrick Depailler finished second for Tyrrell, and Mass completed the podium.
The final round of the season was in Japan at the fast Fuji Speedway near Tokyo, and Andretti and Hunt continued their late-season battle, with the American pipping Hunt to the pole, with Watson heading the second row. Unlike the previous year, the weather conditions at the Fuji circuit near Tokyo were perfect, and Hunt took the lead at the start, and Scheckter and Mass jumped up to second and third, whereas Andretti had a terrible start and was at the tail of the top ten. On the second lap, Andretti was involved in a collision while trying to gain places, putting him out. But this race, like South Africa was marred by terrible tragedy. Peterson and Villeneuve came together at the end of the straight, and Villeneuve crashed appallingly and his Ferrari flew into a crowd that was standing in a restricted area, killing 2 photographers and injuring several others. But the race continued on, and with Andretti out, Hunt had no challengers left and he built a large gap, with teammate Mass second and Watson passing Scheckter for third. However, both Mass and Watson had to retire within one lap of each other with engine and gearbox failures, and with Scheckter dropping back, Reutemann was second until he was passed by Laffite. Hunt went on and capped off the season with a comfortable win, whereas Laffite ran of fuel on the last lap, handing over second to Reutemann and allowing Depailler to complete the podium. The Japanese Grand Prix was not held again until 1987 at the Suzuka circuit – there had been talk of moving the race from Fuji to Suzuka for 1978, but this never materialized.
Drivers' Championship points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six places in each round. The best eight results from the first nine races and the best seven results from the remaining eight races were retained.
* Hans Heyer started illegally and then retired his car after failing to qualify.
Constructors' Championship points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six places in each round with only the best placed car from each constructor eligible to score points. The best eight results from the first nine races and the best seven results from the remaining eight races were retained.
^ 1976 and 1978 Formula One results tables published in the 1977 and 1979 editions of the FIA Yearbook of Automoble Sport indicate that the FIA ranked competitors on equal points in the same championship position, regardless of race placings.
^ Constructors points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places in each race, however only the best place car from each constructor was eligible to score points. The best 8 results from the first 9 races and the best 7 results from the remaining 8 races were retained. Numbers without parentheses are retained points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
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0.940562 |
There is no question that drinking is part of American culture. Parents would be ignorant to assume their son or daughter wont be exposed to alcohol or drugs before they are 14 years old. The real issue about alcohol is it effect on each individual. Contrary to popular belief, alcohol actually effects people differently and at different stages of life. Alcohol can actually have some benefits, as many studies have come out that have proven that small amounts of alcohol can actually have health benefits. For children and teenagers, alcohol use can damage and interfere with normal brain development, which is one of the reason the drinking age has been set to 21 in all U.S. states. It's not to torture young adults, but rather to create and foster a safer development.
Many parents don't realize the important impact they have on the children's lives as it relates to their relationship with alcohol and drugs . Moreover, parenting style plays a huge part in how teens react to their parents. In general, teens raised with warmth, appropriate boundaries and discipline tend to have more respect for their parents then the ones that are overly protective or harsh.
Parenting plays a vital role in teens alcohol awareness education. It is estimated that as of 2009 adolescent alcohol consumption is actually going down, yet the number of teen drinkers is still very high. Almost 40% of teenagers report trying alcohol before 8th grade and over 55% report being drunk at least once by 12 grade. Most reports suspect these numbers are low.
Much research suggests that parenting style can actually effect the behavior of teen drinking. Parents need to better understand the impact they have on their children and recognize their parenting style makes a difference.
1. Parents who are authoritarians tend to dictate rules to their kids. They are the ones bossing their kids around and barking out rules. They will punish their kids but put little effort into rewards or show a lot of warmth.
2. Permissive parents are the ones that are not paying attention. They essentially let their kids do what they want, set poor or diffuse boundaries and lack discipline. They might think they are doing their teens a favor by being their friends, but in reality they are setting them up to fail by not showing them they care what they do.
3. Authoritative parents set appropriate boundaries, use warmth and love, and have appropriate discipline. These are the parents that are most respected by their children because they know they are loved and cared for but also know what the boundaries are in their life.
In a 2002 study, authoritative parents had children who exhibited less alcohol and drug abuse as well as better grades and peer relationships. Don't allow yourself to become the kind of parent who could have prevented a problem with alcohol. Learning skills in parenting classes or alcohol awareness classes can be a first big step.
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0.953939 |
How did the Hogwarts founders sort students?
Currently the Sorting Hat looks inside a student’s head and determines the traits that best match one of the Hogwarts houses. These may be traits the student has yet to demonstrate or even be aware they possess. So before the Sorting Hat came into being how did the founders choose students for their houses? They would have needed a way to gain the same insight the Sorting Hat can. So how was this done? Using a magical means of peering into a student’s memories won’t necessarily tell you what the student is capable of in the future. Think of Neville Longbottom for example.
When they were still alive, they each chose their house members.
When the Founders were still alive, they had all chosen the students who’d be in their house themselves - the Sorting Hat was created to keep their houses’ values intact when they were dead and couldn’t choose, but when they were alive they’d chosen their own favorites for their houses.
However they chose the students for their houses, they would have chosen them themselves. The reason Hogwarts had houses was so each Founder could teach the students they’d prefer.
It’s unclear what exactly their methods in figuring out who was worthy to join their house - but from what the Sorting Hat sings, they did the choosing, through whatever methods, themselves. It’s possible that it was a less “in-depth” Sorting than that of the Sorting Hat. From what the Hat says in his song, it may have even been as simple as the Founders just picking their favorites by choosing which students seem to be most aligned with their preferences. As Valorum suggests in the comments, they might have asked the students who wants to be in their house, to see what the students’ preferences and values are. However, it’s not truly known how they did it.
I don't see any evidence that the founders actually used magic to choose their students.
The statements enumerated in the first quote are almost all things that can be determined without using the Sorting Hat's magic. Gryffindor would know if a student had brave deeds to their name; Slytherin would know if a student's ancestry was pure; Hufflepuff simply took anyone not wanted by the other three, and Ravenclaw simply had to guess who were the most intelligence. She may have known the students from before and therefore was familiar with their intelligence levels, or she may have even given them a test.
In the second quote we have the additional description that Slytherin only took those of great cunning, so he may have either already known which students were cunning (either because he knew them personally, or because they had reputations), or there might have been a correlation between cunning and pure ancestry, or perhaps again there was some kind of test.
Even though in the other sorting ceremonies there are additional qualities associated with houses (e.g. Slytherin – ambition; Hufflepuff – hard work and loyalty) those are not mentioned in Order of the Phoenix in the explicit description of which students each of the founders took. Thus, it may have been that they ended up with the students with the qualities they valued, even if they didn't have the perfect means of guaranteeing it, or perhaps until the Sorting Hat came along the houses were not actually perfectly divided based on those qualities, precisely because there was no way foolproof way to do so.
It seems that the Sorting Hat may have taken the sorting to a different level by looking into the students' minds and personalities, and taking their own desires and values into account.
Indeed, it seems apparent that the Sorting Hat did not precisely imitate the founders, because it put Voldemort and Snape in Slytherin, and wanted to put Harry in Slytherin, despite the muggle fathers of the former two and the muggle grandparents of the latter.
My answer is not supported by canon sources, but just is my take. If I have missed something please let me know.
One assumption here is that the founders were also teachers in Hogwarts, who came into regular contact with students. But that is not too far fetched. Over time, the founders began to pick their favourites among the students (akin to the Slug Club). And it just so happened, that the students Slytherin picked were mostly purebloods, the ones Ravenclaw picked were mostly very intelligent and so on. So over a few decades, those qualities began to be associated with those groups.
Over time, as the differences among the founders grew, the groups began to be more rigidly separated. And the number of students also became sizable. That's when the Houses started and the sorting too. They probably picked the students themselves or had some tests. We cannot be sure about that. But perhaps they dispensed with that part and started using the sorting hat. That way, the sorting hat was enchanted by each founder according to their ideas, before Slytherin left.
The theory that they picked their favourites is supported by the fact that not all Slytherins were purebloods (eg. Snape; Voldemort may be a special case being Slytherin's blood). Picking favourites does not necessarily follow rigid rules. The Hat's song may just be anecdotal, especially considering this point. Also, the Hat allows you to choose your house, which also could have started according to student's preference whether they wanted to join a group. In book 6, while Slughorn did pick Harry for his Slug Club, Harry was not interested.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged harry-potter hogwarts sorting-hat .
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Why would the Sorting Hat consider Slytherin as an option for Harry?
Were all the Hogwarts Professors former Hogwarts students?
How many Hogwarts students changed House from book to film?
How wealthy were the founders of Hogwarts?
How do Hogwarts students learn about puberty?
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Do Hogwarts students learn the core subjects?
Do any of the Hogwarts founders have living descendants?
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0.999017 |
Move oven rack to lower middles position and preheat oven to 400°.
Heat the oil on the stove in a large skillet over medium heat until shimmering. Add the onion powder, salt, chili powder, garlic powder, cumin, and sauce and cook until fragrant. Slowly stir in the tomato sauce and water. Bring to a simmer and cook uncovered until slightly thickened, about 5 minutes. Add the cream and then season with salt and pepper to taste. Set aside until needed.
Mix together 2 1/2 cups of the shredded cheese, 1/2 cup of the sauce, the chillis, and the 1 tablespoon of taco seasoning.
Pour 1/2 cup of sauce into the bottom of a 13x9 inch baking dish, top with layer of tortillas (breaking up tortillas to get into corners), top with layer of cheese/chili filling. Repeat layers, ending with a layer of sauce. Top with 1/2 cup of cheese.
Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until cheese is melted and sauce is bubbling.
Serve with sour cream and any remaining sauce.
Am I missing something? I don't see any type of chilies listed in the ingredients, but it says add chilies in step 3.
1.Move oven rack to lower middles position and preheat oven to 400°.
2.Heat the oil on the stove in a large skillet over medium heat until shimmering. Add the onion powder, salt, chili powder, garlic powder, cumin, and sauce and cook until fragrant. Slowly stir in the tomato sauce and water. Bring to a simmer and cook uncovered until slightly thickened, about 5 minutes. Add the cream and then season with salt and pepper to taste. Set aside until needed.
3.Mix together 2 1/2 cups of the shredded cheese, 1/2 cup of the sauce, the chillis, and the 1 tablespoon of taco seasoning.
4.Pour 1/2 cup of sauce into the bottom of a 13x9 inch baking dish, top with layer of tortillas (breaking up tortillas to get into corners), top with layer of cheese/chili filling. Repeat layers, ending with a layer of sauce. Top with 1/2 cup of cheese.
5.Serve with sour cream and any remaining sauce.
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0.956423 |
Peters and Waterman found eight common themes which they argued were responsible for the success of the chosen corporations, which have become pointers for managers ever since.
The seminal management book In Search of Excellence, by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, was published in 1982, and remains one of the one of the biggest selling and widely read business books ever. Peters and Waterman found eight common themes which they argued were responsible for the success of the chosen corporations, which have become pointers for managers ever since. In Search of Excellence didn't start out as a book, as Tom Peters explained when interviewed in 2001 to mark the 20th anniversary of In Search of Excellence: Peters and Waterman were both consultants on the margins of McKinsey, based in the San Francisco office. In 1977 McKinsey director Ron Daniel launched two projects; the first and major one, the Business Strategy project, was allocated to top consultants at McKinsey's New York corporate HQ and was given star billing. Nothing came of it. The second 'weak-sister' project (as Peters called it) concerned Organisation - structure and people. The Organisation project was seen as less important, and was allocated to Peters and Waterman at San Francisco. Peters travelled the world on an infinite budget, with licence to talk to as many interesting business people he could find about teams and organisations in business. He had no particular aim or theory in mind. In 1979 McKinsey's Munich office requested Peters to present his findings to Siemens, which provided the spur for Peters to create a 700-slide two-day presentation. Word of the meeting reached the US and Peters was invited to present also to PepsiCo, but unlike the hyper-organised Siemens, the PepsiCo management required a tighter format than 700 slides, so Peters produced the eight themes.
Peters and Waterman examined 43 of Fortune 500's top performing companies. They started with a list of 62 of the best performing McKinsey clients and then applied performance measures to weed out what they thought to be the weaker companies. General Electric was one of the casualties which failed to make the cut. Peters says that one of his personal drivers in carrying out his research was to prove that certain established methods - particularly heavily systemised philosophies and practices - were wrong, notably those used by Xerox, and advocated by Peter Drucker and Robert McNamara. Peters says that he wanted - with a passion - to prove how crucial people are to business success , and to release business from the 'tyranny of the bean counters'.
Peters says that In Search of Excellence turned these 'soft' factors into hard ones, when previously the only 'hard factors were considered to be the 'numbers'.
Peters also said in 2001 that other than certain wrong companies highlighted - Atari and Wang for instance - In Search of Excellence 'absolutely nailed the eight points of the compass for business at that time' (1982), but that its central flaw was in suggesting that these points would apply for ever, when they most certainly have not.
Peters said finally in his 2001 interview that were he to write In Search of Excellence today, he would not tamper with any of the eight themes, but he would add to them: capabilities concerning ideas, liberation, and speed.
Here is a summary of the 'In Search of Excellence' eight themes, which also form the eight chapters of the book.
A bias for action, active decision making - 'getting on with it'.
Close to the customer - learning from the people served by the business.
Autonomy and entrepreneurship - fostering innovation and nurturing 'champions'.
Productivity through people - treating rank and file employees as a source of quality.
Hands-on, value-driven - management philosophy that guides everyday practice - management showing its commitment.
Stick to the knitting - stay with the business that you know.
Simple form, lean staff - some of the best companies have minimal HQ staff.
Simultaneous loose-tight properties - autonomy in shop-floor activities plus centralised values.
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Overwhelmed by the taste of Italian ice cream? Find out where it comes from and what makes it so different from regular ice cream.
The origins of Italian ice cream are obscure. Amongst the many stories that surface the one of Marco Polo bringing back ice cream from his adventures to China is a formidable one. He is also credited with introducing pasta to the country but there are certain ambiguities to the trustworthiness of these stories. The first thing to question is whether China had any ice cream at all during those times. Although it is generally assumed that China and ancient Persia were amongst the first nations to develop a dessert item made from fruits in the form of shaved ice or snow. The fact of the matter is that this discovery could have taken place simultaneously in many cultures.
The first known ice cream makers do seem to be originating from China. The use of rock salt to increase the hardness of the ice cream was a practice popular in the country. An important thing to remember is that the ancient ice creams were more in the form of sorbets because they did not incorporate the use of cream or milk in the making. Although the role of Marco Polo in introducing ice cream to the Italians is unclear one thing that can be said for sure is that the Italians had a huge role to play in introducing the rest of Europe to various ice cream based desserts.
All the Italian versions of ice cream were much less like the ice creams that we find today and were more like ice with flavors. It was possibly the Arabs who introduced ice cream to the Italians as they also brought sugarcane. The Arabs use of mountain snow and fruit juice to make sharbat resulted in the discovery of the sorbet as it is known worldwide and sorbetto in Italy. The slush like Granita is another item stemming from the Arab cultures and is quite close to the original sharbat drink of the Arabs.
It was not before the addition of milk to the Italian ice that the first real form of ice cream was developed in Italy. The credit for this introduction goes to the Neapolitans of the 18th century. The introduction of milk led to the patronizing of ice cream but Italy is held responsible for the flavor explosion that the world witnessed by the name of Gelato.
Gelato is known to be much richer in the taste of its flavor coming across. This is largely due to the use of milk and sometimes skimmed milk that makes the ice cream low in fat content. This way the flavor of the ice cream becomes much stronger. Italian Gelato ice cream is also much denser than regular ice cream due to the fact that it has much less air whipped into it. Even the colors of the Italian Ice cream come across as extremely vibrant and make the dessert a treat for the eye as well as the stomach.
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Wholesale NFL JerseysLU - 天天時尚 - HeliX流行部落 - Powered by Discuz!
However, it is still unclear when the five new ones will become reality. The club will be run by professionals in order to realize full potential, Wholesale NFL Football Jerseys ," Omondi said. Cheap Football Jerseys . Gor Mahia is a society, not a profitmaking venture, and therefore not supposed to pay taxes.Squirrels shot with highvelocity， highmass . But, while it can be easy to ignore the longterm health risks on a daytoday basis, what may be a little harder to sweep under the rug are the visible impacts of smoking upon oral health and the quality of your smile."Chinese naval fleet stages livefire drill in Indian OceanVideo: A quick look at the World Robot Conference 2017Death toll in Brazil's fresh shipwreck rises to 22: navy122 Chinese telecom fraud suspects repatriated from CambodiaAt least 2 died, 8 injured in knife attack in Turku, Finland13 killed, over 100 others injured in Barcelona attack: officialOver 400 killed in mudslides in Sierra LeoneQiandaohu Lake in China's Zhejiang under stricter protection<p>Mythology is about the gathered traditions of specific persons.The operations included 160 billion yuan of 14day reverse repos priced to yield 2. dollars) from the financial system through open market operations on Monday, with the volume of maturing securities exceeding new injections. Shanghai Shenxin 18 2 2 14 17 44 8STOCKHOLM, May 15 (Xinhua) The Swedish capital is planning to build a series of "green bridges" in the city in an effort to protect and extend the city's wildlife, Swedish Television reported Monday. “Unfortunately, brushing your teeth after a cigarette won’t do much good,” explains the Connecticut dental implants professional. Garage doors are extremely heavy with many parts under extreme tension and are usually operated by a mechanical garage door opener that has the potential to pull or push with a dangerous amount of force.Rachier was speaking Thursday during the launch of a pay bill number through which wellwishers can send their donations to bail out the club. Wholesale China Jerseys .
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A man complained to the Press Complaints Commission that an article headlined "Sling your hookah!" published in the Glasgow Evening Times on 7 October 2011, intruded into his privacy in breach of Clause 3 (Privacy) of the Editors' Code of Practice. He also complained that the photographer had misrepresented himself in breach of Clause 10 (Clandestine devices and subterfuge) of the Code.
The article reported that Glasgow City Council had launched a "crackdown" on shisha cafes who were flouting the UK smoking ban. The article included a number of photographs, including two showing the complainant smoking a hookah pipe in a Glasgow café. The complainant said that he had understood the photographs were being taken for the purpose of "research", rather than publication in the newspaper. Furthermore, he had been informed that everything except the hookah pipe would be out of focus. The complainant explained that his identification in this context had led members of the community to question his personality and integrity. He contended that publication represented an intrusion into his private life.
The newspaper denied that the photographer had misled the complainant. It provided a statement from the photographer, asserting that he had clearly identified himself and his purpose to the group with which the complainant was seated. As a result of his request, some individuals who did not want to be photographed had moved away from the shot; however, the complainant had remained. The photographer explained to the complainant that the main focus would be on the hookah pipe, the rest of his body being out of focus. At no point did the complainant object to his taking photographs. The newspaper also provided a statement from the owner of the café, who confirmed that the photographer had asked his permission before taking "quite a few" pictures and had made clear to him that the pictures might be published in the newspaper. It said that the story had referred entirely to the compliance by cafés with relevant legislation, and it had not cast doubt on the integrity or character of those who frequented them. It offered to remove the image from its website as a gesture of goodwill, but it did not accept any breach of the Code.
Under Clause 3(ii) (Privacy) of the Editors' Code of Practice, "Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life". In relation to photography, Clause 3(iii) stipulates that "It is unacceptable to photograph individuals in private places without their consent", and adds that "Private places are public or private property where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy".
The first question which the Commission had to consider under Clause 3 was whether the complainant would generally have "a reasonable expectation of privacy" in the café where he was photographed. The Commission has previously ruled, in relation to a photograph taken in a small café, that "Customers of a quiet café could expect to sit inside such an establishment without having to worry that surreptitious photographs would be taken of them and published in newspapers" (Tunbridge v Dorking Advertiser). Its firm view remains that an individual is likely to have a reasonable expectation of privacy in such a place, notwithstanding that other members of the public may be present.
The next consideration under Clause 3 was whether the complainant had "consented" to being photographed. Both parties agreed that the complainant had allowed himself to be photographed but had been told that the photographs would focus on the pipe and that "everything else" would be "out of true focus" or "out of focus". The complainant had understood from this that he was not to be identifiable. In the view of the Commission, when an individual has consented to be photographed in a private place on condition that he will not be identifiable, publication of a photograph in which he was identifiable would normally amount to an intrusion into his privacy.
In the event, the sharpest focus of the published photographs had been on the pipe, but the complainant's features were readily identifiable. The Commission had to decide whether the photographer's comments amounted to an assurance that the complainant would be unrecognisable in the published photographs. This was an unusual and difficult issue, but the Commission ultimately reached the conclusion that they did not, and that it was therefore not possible to establish a breach of Clause 3 in this respect. In coming to this conclusion the Commission took into account the fact that the complainant could have asked for a specific assurance that he would not be recognisable, but had not done so.
Nevertheless the Commission wished to make clear its strong view that it was regrettable that the photographer had used an expression that had given rise to this confusion. The Commission took the opportunity to note that this incident illustrated the importance of full and open communication about the taking of photographs for publication, particularly in private places. It hoped that in future this and other publications would take steps to ensure that any conditions or assurances are agreed clearly in advance. Given the ongoing dispute in this case, it was right that the newspaper had removed these images from its on line archive: that was a proper response to the complaint.
The complainant contended that he had been further informed that the photographs would only be used for "research" as opposed to publication in the newspaper; the newspaper said that the photographer had clearly identified himself and made clear that the photographs were intended for publication in the newspaper. There was a conflict of evidence about this, which the Commission was not in a position to resolve. Accordingly it was unable to come to a conclusion on this aspect of the complaint.
Finally, the Commission considered the matter under Clause 10 of the Code, which is aimed at the obtaining of material by misrepresentation or subterfuge. The Commission was unable to establish a breach of this Clause, given that it appeared that the photographer had correctly identified himself, and that it was unable to resolve the conflict of evidence as to the purpose for which the photographs were to be taken.
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World of Warcraft or more commonly known as WoW, is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). This game was released on November 23, 2004; this was the fourth game in the Warcraft line (not counting expansions). It is the first in the Warcraft line to not be a real time strategy game. This game now has a fan base of around 11.5 million people and now has two expansions that have added new areas and races that players can explore. There are 10 playable races and 10 playable classes that can be mixed and matched to the players liking.
The 10 playable races are divided between two factions, Horde and Alliance. The Alliance races are Human, Dwarf, Gnome, Night Elf and Draenei. The Horde races are Orc, Troll, Tauren, Undead and Blood Elf. The 10 classes are determined by what race you are. Some classes can only be played by certain races. The 10 classes are Death Knight, Druid, Hunter, Mage, Paladin, Priest, Rogue, Shaman, Warlock and Warrior.
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Songbird wins founder stake | City A.M.
Canary Wharf founder Paul Reichmann has dumped his stake in Canary Wharf, marking the end of his 22-year chaotic involvement with the Docklands site.<br /><br />Songbird Estates on Friday said that it had upped its shareholding from 60.8 per cent to 69.3 per cent. <br /><br />Reichmann originally owned the stake, but Songbird purchased it from Commerzbank after the Canadian entrepreneur pledged it as collateral against loans from Dresdner. Dresdner was taken over by Commerzbank earlier this year.<br /><br />Reichmann, now set for retirement, kicked off the development of the financial hub after brokering a deal with the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1987. <br /><br />But despite Reichmann betting that the Wharf could survive the 1990s slump, his firm Olympia & York, one of the largest developers of commercial real estate in the world, was dragged to its knees due to the area’s struggle to attract tenants.<br /><br />He later claimed back ownership, reacquiring Canary Wharf from the banks in 1995 and floating the business a couple of years later. In 2004 the Songbird consortium, which included entrepreneur Simon Glick, Morgan Stanley, and British Land, acquired a controlling stake in the asset for £1.9bn, effectively kicking Reichmann out.<br /><br />Songbird has been surrounded by concerns during the property slump that it may breach its covenants on a £800m Citi loan. But this week the group is set to launch a fully underwritten £825m rights issue, which will rescue the group and leave it virtually debt free.
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There are too many injuries happening to children around the holidays due to unsafe toys; one injury in particular is an eye injury from BB gun, darts, pellet guns or even paintball guns. The eye is an extremely sensitive area and can be easily damaged when a child is playing with unsafe products or toys. I would recommend avoiding these toys all together. Avoid purchasing toys with sharp or protruding or projectile parts; this includes innocent appearing toys or products like a popgun or paddle ball set. Also, minor children should have appropriate supervision by adults when playing with potentially hazardous toys or games.
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Do you know much about the Myers-Briggs test? It’s a psychology test used to classify different personality types. Many workplaces use this test to try to help manage different communication styles. Sociological research has shown, however, that many workplaces lose sight of how the test should be used. Workers can sometimes become pigeon-holed into certain roles and broader organisational issues can be excused away due to a misunderstanding of the personality types.
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Choose the right word for each sentence.
1) Once upon a time, in a (beauty) beautyfulbeautifullbeautifulbeautifullyI don't know and vast (King) KingshipKinghoodKingnessKingdomI don't know , a fair Princess was enjoying a very happy (child) childnesschildishchildhoodchildishlychildomI don't know and adolescence with her Royal parents, until her mother died (expect) inexpectedlyunexpectedlyinexpectlydisexpectedlyI don't know . The King had to remarry (quick) quicknessquickfullyquicklyI don't know for his people's good. After that event, the Princess, ironically nicknamed 'Cinderella', led a very (comfort) uncomfortingincomfortableuncomfortablecomfortableI don't know life with her new family. She suffered much (hard) hardhoodharmfulhardshiphardomI don't know : (fair) unfairdisfairnot fairinfairfairlessI don't know (treat) treatstreatmentstreatingstreatnessI don't know , (oppress) oppressivenessoppreshionoppressionoppressivityI don't know and (punish) punishingpunishionpunishedpunishmentsI don't know were her daily lot ... Her life was (bear) disbearableinbearableunbearableimbearableI don't know , but she didn't lose hope during that long stretch of (obscure) obscurenessobscurityobscuredobscurilityI don't know and (suffer) sufferssuffernesssufferedsufferingI don't know . 'Cinderella' (final) finallyfinalityfinalyfinalmentI don't know managed to get (recognize) recognizingrecognishmentrecognitionrecognizedI don't know and (happy) happylyhappilyhappinesshappynessI don't know . She could enjoy (free) freedomlyfreehoodfreenessfreedomI don't know and love with her Prince Charming. Like in most tales, they lived happily ever after.
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Following his exit from Deep Purple in August 1992, Joe Lynn Turner did not hang around long before getting back to work. He was coaxed out on the road in October 1992, to sing shows for ex-Alice Cooper guitarist Al Pitrelli's project CPR (Coven, Pitrelli, Reilly). CPR had released their eponymous album the same year, featuring a number of rock illuminati making guest cameos - including Steve Morse.
During 1993 Joe put together his own live group, 'The Joe Lynn Turner Band', who initially restricted themselves to shows within reach of home on the east coast - including a few in Ritchie Blackmore's neck of the woods. The band comprised Al Pitrelli and John (O')Reilly from CPR, ex Alice Cooper bassist Greg Smith, and ex-Kiss keyboard player Gary Corbett - who's other claim to fame was co-writing Cyndi Lauper's controversial third hit ''She Bop' in 1984. Pitrelli had been in Joe's previous solo band Jolt, which was in its beginnings when the call from Deep Purple came in 1989.
Al Pitrelli left to work with Dee Snider's Widowmaker in late 1993, and was replaced by Karl Cochran, who during 1994 also doubled as bass player in Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley's solo band.
When the band began to expand their touring beyond home turf (also taking in the US mid-west), their name was changed to accommodate the 'All Star Band' extension. In a way the shows were a template for much of Joe's live solo career right up to the present day, with a set list largely drawn from his days on stage with Rainbow and Deep Purple days, including 'Can't Happen Here', 'Highway Star' and 'Smoke On The Water'. Ironically Ritchie Blackmore poached members of the band for his reformed Rainbow in 1994, first O'Reilly (who was still able to tour with Joe before the line-up was finalised) and later Smith.
Mothers Army was a studio-project which began life as a session recording for Night Ranger guitarist Jeff Watson. When ex Rainbow bassist Bob Daisley was brought onboard the sessions became the beginnings of a new band, initially called Lone Ranger. A tour of Japan pointed to where future success lay, but on their return it was decided to replace the incumbent vocalist with Joe Lynn Turner and rename the band Mothers Army. In the face of the grunge movement it became a studio-only project.
The band recorded three albums, all of which were released in Japan only, where the market for 'hair metal' was still in some semblance of health. The first album 'Mothers Army' met with some success, but was not followed up until 1997's 'Planet Earth', which took a lurch in style from the standard heavy rock of its predecessor, into Floydian concept territory. That proved enough for Appice, who was replaced by ex-Whitesnake player Aynsley Dunbar for the third and final album 'Fire On The Moon' in 1998, which returned to the more straightforward approach of the debut.
Mothers Army was just the first of a number of side-projects which Joe has run simultaneously with his solo work, including HTP and Big Noize. A third avenue of work was his involvement with tribute albums, the first of which was 'Smoke on the Water: Tribute to Deep Purple' on which both Joe and Glenn Hughes contributed vocals. (The guitarists included future Whitesnake member Reb Beach). It was followed by 'Black Night: Deep Purple Tribute (According To New York) in 1995, and Yngwie Malmsteen's 'Inspirations' in 1996, on which Joe sang 'Pictures of Home' and 'Demon's Eye'.
In 1995 Joe Lynn Turner recorded and released his second solo album (after 1985's 'Rescue You'). 'Nothing's Changed' saw the return of CPR and Joe Lynn Turner All Star Band guitarist Al Pitrelli, who co-produced and played guitar. Joe's rhythm section returned from their Rainbow duties (though O'Reilly was just about to be be relieved of his), while keyboard duties were shared by Gary Corbett and another Alice Cooper veteran Derek Sherinian (who later joined Dream Theater, and more recently Black Country Communion).
The album did not sell well, but was the first of a long string of solo releases by Joe - all containing polished 1980s-style rock, and featuring many of the same players and contributors. Indeed his soon to be producer Bob Held helped co-write two tracks on 'Nothing's Changed'. Joe was kept busy in the recording studio fro the rest of the decade, including contributing vocals to Bulgarian guitarist Nikolo Kotzev's Brazen Abbot albums 'Eye Of The Storm' in 1996, and 'Bad Religion' in 1997. (Joe also sang on Kotzev's 'Nostradamus' rock opera in 2001).
In 1997 Joe also brought out the first of two 'Pin Ups' style solo albums which featured covers of favourite and influential tracks. The first, 'Under Cover', included 'Hush'. Positive sales in Japan prompted a follow up two years later. In 1998 Joe released an album of original compositions. 'Hurry Up And Wait' including a version of the Deep Purple 'Slaves & Masters' track 'Too Much is Not Enough', credited to Turner/Pitrelli/Held. Musicians on that track (and indeed most of the album) still included two latter day Rainbow players. Greg Smith played throughout, and while John O'Reilly's place was taken by New York based session player Kenny Kramme, Paul Morris debuted as part of Joe's studio band in place of Gary Corbett.
Joe's studio rhythm section remained intact for 1999's 'Under Cover 2', which included takes of Deep Purple's 'Lady Double Dealer', Whitesnake's 'Fool For Your Loving' and Rainbow's 'Lost In Hollywood'. Joe's old friend Tony Bruno was the main guitarist, although Japanese guitarist Akira Kajiyama also played, having been brought to Joe's attention when the two performed on Japanese Rainbow tribute album 'Niji Densetsu' in 1998.
Joe continued to release albums at a frequency not usually seen since the early 1980s. 2000 saw the release of 'Holy Man'. The title track by the way, is not the same as the song on Deep Purple's 'Stormbringer'. Kajiyama was now main guitarist, although there were a number of other contributors, including old colleagues Al Pitrelli and Karl Cochran, and future Black Country Communion player Joe Bonamassa. The bass spot was taken by Eric Czar, who later went on to play in Bonamassa's solo band.
With the market for 1980s style AOR having retreated mainly to Japan, it was there that Joe's albums made the biggest impact. In October 2000, wIth Kajiyama on board, he enjoyed a successful Japanese tour made all the more significant by the appearance of Glenn Hughes on bass, who performed some of his own back catalogue. The tour lead to the formation of the Hughes Turner Project in 2002.. Before then, Joe managed to fit in another studio album. 'Slam' was released in 2001, and dispensed with multiple guest musicians and writers. It featured a settled band line-up of Kramme, Czar, Kajiyama and Morris. All of the tracks were collaborations between Turner and Kajiyama, who later played on the 2002 and 2004 Japanese tours by the Hughes Turner Project.
Joe Lynn Turner's first post-Deep Purple solo album, featuring ex-Rainbow players Greg Smith and John O'Reilly.
Newly recorded favourites and influences. Includes a re-working of Rainbow's 'Street Of Dreams'.
More melodic hard rock, featuring a new version of 'Too Much Is Not Enough' from Deep Purple's 'Slaves & Masters'.
Second collection of covers, including Deep Purple, Rainbow and Whitesnake tracks.
Heavier than its predecessors, and with a more Hammond sound courtesy of ex-Rainbow player Paul Morris. Other players include Joe Bonamassa, who also gets three writing credits.
Continues in the more intense vein of 'Holy Man'. Opener 'Bloodsucker' is not the Deep Purple track of the same name. The 2006 reissue includes Japanese only single 'Challenge Them All'.
Studio project featuring Turner with ex-Rainbow bassist Bob Daisley, Night Ranger guitarist Jeff Watson, and ex Vanilla Fudge drummer Carmine Appice.
While the first album was straightforward melodic rock, this one (written by Daisley and Watson) is more ethereal. Not Appice's cup of tea - he left after recording it.
Possibly the best of the three albums, a return to hard rock. Turner's first writing credits with the band. Aynsley Dunbar on drums.
© 2010 DPAS/Darker Than Blue.
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0.999836 |
What can a performer do when their song remains popular for decades? Imagine having to do tours with some forty to fifty shows per year, year after year, and the crowd is calling out for their favorite song, and you yourself have played it (and heard it) so many times that you're literally physically sick of it. Or even if it's not that bad, you're still so bored with it, you just want to move on.
For many famous artists, such as Led Zeppelin with "Stairway to Heaven" or Radiohead's "Creep," the solution was to just refuse to perform it any more. But some artists reach a compromise: they'll play the instruments and keep time, while you - the audience - sing it to them! This lets the audience hear the song and be part of the moment with the band, and rests the singer's achin' tonsils for a set. Win-win, and thus was born the "audience participation" concept.
"Hey Jude" Beatles - One of the canonical examples, Paul McCartney has been milking audience participation for all it's worth for years now. Usually he'll sing the verses, but once we get to the "Nah nah nah nah, hey Jude!" part, the audience has the floor.
"Knockin' On Heaven's Door" (Bob Dylan) Guns 'n' Roses - One example of the typical call-and-response format. Guns 'n' Roses' cover of this rock standard grew more popular at live shows, with Axl Rose goading the audience on to a louder chorus every time. Not the most original act in show-biz, but oh well, everybody has fun.
"Piano Man" Billy Joel - Joel got so tired of this song that he omitted it from performances for awhile. Now that he's on tour indefinitely, it's his closing act. Joel merely plays the piano and sings the opening words for a cue; the audience then proceeds to sing the entire song to him. Joel may join in on the last chorus if the fancy strikes him.
"We Will Rock You" Queen - Here's a case of subtle psychological manipulation. The clapping rhythm was actually put in with the intention of getting the audience to clap along. Of course, if you've ever been to a Queen concert (or even a Queen cover-band performance, or even a high school football game), you know that that's exactly what the audience does.
"My Ding-A-Ling" Chuck Berry - To this day, the version that you'll hear on oldies' radio is the live version with the audience singing the chorus. That just happens to have been recorded live during the Lanchester Arts Festival at the Locarno ballroom in Coventry, England, on February 3rd, 1972. This was also Berry's only #1 US hit.
A Lyric Mapping Of "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised"
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0.993016 |
What is a server and what does a server do? A server is a computer that serves information to other computers. These computers, called clients, can connect to a server through either a local area network or a wide area network, such as the internet. A server is a vital piece of your IT infrastructure.
Hardware wise a server is just a computer but without anyone working behind it at a monitor. In a typical business networked environment you might find a mail server which does all the mail traffic and storage, a print server that handles all printers or a database server which houses the corporate database.
There are many different types of servers, including Web servers, mail servers, and file servers. A web server serves Web pages to computers that connect to it. It can also resolve scripting languages such a PHP, ASP, and JSP. A mail server stores users’ e-mail accounts and sends and receives e-mail messages. For example, if you send an e-mail to a friend, the message gets sent by a mail server, using the SMTP protocol. A file server is a computer that stores files that can be accessed by other computers. File servers are often used within local networks and typically require a password or some sort of authorisation to connect to it.
These are a few examples for some common servers, but there are many more types that exist. Just about any computer can be used as a server if the necessary server software is installed on it and the hardware is powerful enough to process the workload. While servers typically don’t need a lot of processing power, lots of RAM and fast hard drives are helpful for dealing with heavy traffic to and from the server.
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0.989726 |
Do "aliens" exist on Earth? In a way, experts think so, and they believe that these creatures can be found thriving in massive underground oceans hidden hundreds of miles beneath the Earth's surface.
According to a report from the New York Post, these massive oceans lie 620 miles beneath our planet's surface. New Scientist notes that according to researchers, our planet's mantle could, in fact, have oceans.
“If it wasn’t down there, we would all be submerged," said Steve Jacobsen at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, who discovered a diamond in Brazil 1,000 kilometers, or one-third of the way to the Earth's core. The discovery of the diamond is vital as it reveals that the gem's imperfections could only be formed with the presence of water.
“This implies a bigger reservoir of water on the planet than previously thought,” said Jacobsen.
If oceans underneath the Earth's surface do exist, Jacobsen notes that they would not look like the oceans we currently see today. These oceans would be bounded by rocks that act like sponges, soaking up the liquid from the water forms.
The possibility of water in the mantle means that these hidden oceans could be home to other organisms and microbes unknown to present-day science.
Jacobsen also said that his discovery prompts new possibilities that water could have existed on Earth longer than previously thought.
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0.956313 |
Make it better by design.
Write a new world symphony, for the 21st century.
The dawning of the age to come.
Streamline simplicity, the renaissance of humanity.
Avenues of light to guide us home.
Discard the old regimes, failed ideologies.
Draw the lines and start again.
Build towers that pierce the sky, the figurehead of individual minds.
potential overdrive, free thought and open minds, as if beams of photons lit the night.
Electronic alchemists, in the new metropolis, enlightened living through practicality.
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0.999739 |
Thinking about an Aquarius relationship? Aquarius are famous for unconventional relationships; they are the soul of experimentation and non-conformity... but they'll neither hide them nor flaunt them as other signs might do.
They treat others, especially their friends, as equals, whether they are street musicians or rock stars.
The two planets associated with this sign are Saturn and Uranus, which are almost exact opposites of one another in terms of the effects noted by astrological researchers. Saturn is the most steadfast, patient and deliberate of the astrological planets while Uranus is the quirkiest, impatient and inspired of them all.
This is the key to understanding an Aquarius relationship; they manage to hold these opposite forces in balance with one another, and will express that balance through their friends and their behavior.
These freedom-loving people are rarely thought of as being conservative or rigid, but they tend to stick with what works for them, especially in the realm of ideas.
It's hard to change their minds; once they have the lightning flash of insight that sets them in the direction of a new adventure, it may be an exercise in futility to get them back in line with what has come before.
The typical Aquarian is a proponent of the "live and let live" philosophy; they'll never tell anyone how to think, and will never let anyone tell them what they should think either.
Most people can't help but enjoy their truth loving nature, but some become frustrated with them when they won't challenge their own convictions.
Aquarian people have a hard time learning to trust others, at least until they have the chance to put them under the microscope and analyze their every word and deed.
Some people become upset with this type of probing into their inner workings, and this is more likely to bother the potential friend of an Aquarian than their lack of punctuality or their apparent inattentiveness.
Sometimes an Aquarian will appear to be interested in everything but what you are saying to them, yet, when asked, they are likely to replay your words verbatim, maybe even two weeks later.
If you're the kind of person who gets into overly emotional confrontations with people you care about, you'll have a hard time with an Aquarius; they hate this kind of behavior and avoid it like the plague.
The typical Aquarius relationship is one that is rooted in open honesty. They don't like borrowing or lending either. They'll use credit cards when they have to, but have a fear of living beyond their means and being deep in debt.
This is a major asset in their relationships with others; they are terrific motivators and very good at working out things like payment arrangements, and will do so as quickly for a friend as they will for themselves.
They are innovators that love labor-saving devices and activities that increase their personal efficiency; your Aquarian friend may be the one who introduces you to the latest refrigerator or the most effective meditation program you'll ever experience.
They may be somewhat unpredictable and a little hard to reason with from time to time, but once you are in a relationship with an Aquarian, you couldn't hope for a better or more visionary guide to the future. Some astrologers believe that the statements they make today are the answers to questions that won't be asked until tomorrow.
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0.999774 |
The president's actions have been described as a de facto Muslim ban.
US President Donald Trump has signed an executive order that indefinitely bans Syrian refugees from entering the US and temporarily blocks entry to people from six other Muslim-majority countries.
The Republican's "extreme vetting" order is intended to fight radical Islamic terrorism, he said, as he put a 90-day block on US entry to people from Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Libya and Somalia, and a currently unlimited ban on refugees fleeing Syria.
"I'm establishing new vetting measures to keep radical Islamic terrorists out of the United States of America," Trump said when signing the executive order, The Hill reported.
"We don't want them here. We want to ensure that we are not admitting into our country the very threats our soldiers are fighting overseas. We only want to admit those into our country who support our country and love deeply our people."
The executive order, titled "Protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States" says: "Numerous foreign-born individuals have been convicted or implicated in terrorism-related crimes since September 11, 2001, including foreign nationals who entered the United States after receiving visitor, student, or employment visas, or who entered through the United States refugee resettlement program.
"Deteriorating conditions in certain countries due to war, strife, disaster, and civil unrest increase the likelihood that terrorists will use any means possible to enter the United States."
It outlined proposals including the temporary ban on individuals from six countries, the indefinite ban on Syrina refugees from entering the US, and reiterated comments made by Trump earlier in the day on the Christian Broadcasting Network that suggested priority would be given to those fleeing religious persecution.
The order stated the US would: "prioritise refugee claims made by individuals on the basis of religious-based persecution, provided that the religion of the individual is a minority religion in the individual's country of nationality".
The nature of the executive order has already faced criticism, with some viewing it as a Muslim ban, the idea for which was floated by Trump during his presidential campaign.
American Civil Liberties Union Executive Director Anthony Romero said in a statement seen by Fox News: "'Extreme vetting' is just a euphemism for discriminating against Muslims.
"Identifying specific countries with Muslim majorities and carving out exceptions for minority religions flies in the face of the constitutional principle that bans the government from either favoring or discriminating against particular religions," he added.
What is an executive order, are they legally binding and how many can a president sign?
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The accident insurance of students matriculated at the University of Bern must be covered by their own health insurance (compulsory health insurance).
Voluntary non-paid personal and guests (gueststudents, school holiday jobbers, etc.) who intend to work in the laboratory must be pre-registered with the University administration.
This compulsory registration is the responsibility of the head of the laboratory. The appropriate registration form can be obtained and filled out on Uni Intern (Dienstleistungen > Personal > Index A-Z > Unfallversicherung > Nicht besoldete Personen mit einmaliger Entschädigung – in German only).
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Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history of biomedical research. Early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle, (384 - 322 BC) and Erasistratus, (304 - 258 BC), performed experiments on living animals. Likewise, Galen (129 - 199 / 217 AD), a Greek physician who practiced in Rome and was a giant in the history of medicine, conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), an Arab physician in twelfth century Moorish Spain, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients.
In recent years, the practice of using animals for biomedical research has come under severe criticism by animal protection and animal rights groups. Laws have been passed in several countries to make the practice more 'humane'. Debates on the ethics of animal testing have raged since the seventeenth century. Theodore Roosevelt in the nineteenth century stated, "Common sense without conscience may lead to crime, but conscience without common sense may lead to folly, which is the handmaiden of crime."
Those against, contend that the benefit to humans does not justify the harm to animals. Many people also believe that animals are inferior to humans and very different from them, hence results from animals cannot be applied to humans. Those in favor of animal testing argue that experiments on animals are necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard, known as the father of physiology, stated that "experiments on animals are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. The effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree". Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method.
Drug testing using animals became important in the twentieth century. In 1937, a pharmaceutical company in the USA created a preparation of sulfanilamide, using diethylene glycol (DEG) as a solvent, and called the preparation 'Elixir Sulfanilamide'. DEG was poisonous to humans, but the company's chief pharmacist and chemist was not aware of this. He simply added raspberry flavoring to the sulfa drug, which he had dissolved in DEG, and the company marketed the product. The preparation led to mass poisoning causing the deaths of more than a hundred people. No animal testing was done. The public outcry caused by this incident and other similar disasters led to the passing of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requiring safety testing of drugs on animals before they could be marketed.
Another tragic drug fiasco occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s with thalidomide. It was found to act as an effective tranquilizer and painkiller and was proclaimed a 'wonder drug' for insomnia, coughs, colds, and headaches. It was found to have an inhibitory effect on morning sickness, and hence, thousands of pregnant women took the drug to relieve their symptoms. Consequently, more than 10,000 children in 46 countries were born with malformations or missing limbs (phocomelia, from the Greek meaning 'limb'). The drug was withdrawn in 1961 and 1968 after a long campaign.
The above-mentioned incidents and others illustrate the harm to humans from the use of substances that have not been first tested on animals and underline the importance of animal experimentation to avert or prevent human tragedy. The practice of using animals in biomedical research has led to significant advances in the treatment of various diseases.
Issues such as 'cruelty' to animals and the humane treatment of animals are valid concerns, and hence, the use of animals in experimentation is greatly regulated. This has led to the 3Rs campaign, which advocates the search (1) for the replacement of animals with non-living models; (2) reduction in the use of animals; and (3) refinement of animal use practices. However, total elimination of animal testing will significantly set back the development of essential medical devices, medicines, and treatment. By employing the 3Rs when continuing to use animals for scientific research, the scientific community can affirm its moral conscience as well as uphold its obligation to humanity to further the advancement of science for civilization and humanity.
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(CNN) - Several Russians who had been hired as paramilitary contractors were among more than 100 men killed in US airstrikes in northern Syria last week, according to their friends and families.
The men were working for a private Russian company called Wagner, which has sent hundreds of private contractors to Syria to help both the Russian military and pro-regime forces, according to people who knew them.
One of the dead was 51-year-old Vladimir Loginov. Like many contractors who have gone to Syria, he was a member of a Cossack group of ultranationalists who have also fought in eastern Ukraine.
The Baltic Cossack District said in a statement that Loginov was a Russian citizen who was killed in an "unequal battle" while "heroically defending our Fatherland in its far reaches from crazy barbarians" when he died on February 7.
"Vladimir died for the Fatherland, the Cossacks and the Orthodox faith!" the group said.
CNN has been able to confirm the names of at least three other Russians who were killed supporting pro-regime militia in a large-scale attack that day. According to US officials, a force of some 500 crossed the Euphrates River near Deir Ezzor, along with tanks, missile launchers and artillery.
Their target was a base of the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces, which came under artillery fire. A US detachment was at the base. The US responded with airstrikes that killed about 100 of the attackers, according to the coalition, with the rest retreating.
One of the Russians killed was Kirill Ananyev, according to his friend Aleksandr Averin. He said Ananyev had been in Syria "a little over a year" and that he had been killed when "American artillery smashed the Wagner unit."
Averin said he believed that casualties among the Russians present amounted to more than "the typical Wagner loss of just a couple of people."
Most of the casualties, according to local sources, appear to have been members of a pro-regime Christian militia from the town of al Suqaylabiyah. Earlier this week, there was a mass funeral for about 30 members of the militia -- which often describes itself as the "ISIS hunters" -- in the town.
Two sons of a prominent tribal leader were also killed, according to social-media posts from Syria.
Wagner, which is under US sanctions for supporting separatists in eastern Ukraine, has several hundred contractors in Syria, according to analysts. In December, Nikolay Tikhonivch from Tomsk was killed "in the area of the Hama-Idlib highway," according to a social-media post from the "Rus" patriotic group to which he belonged.
Two Wagner contractors who were captured by ISIS in November have not been heard from since appearing in a video soon after being seized. They are believed to be dead, according to Russian officials.
Wagner is registered in Hong Kong and has no public offices in Russia and no contact details. Efforts by CNN to reach the company were unsuccessful.
US Defense Secretary General James Mattis has said that the US was puzzled by the attack near Deir Ezzor last week.
"The Russians told us they had no forces there initially. I think that's still the case but we don't have full clarity on what the regime forces are doing there," Mattis said over the weekend.
The US and Russian militaries have de-confliction channels to prevent accidental clashes in Syria and alert each other to movements.
"The Russians professed that they were not aware when we called them about that force that had crossed [the Euphrates]. As it came closer they were notified when the firing began," Mattis said.
Neither the Kremlin nor the Russian Ministry of Defense talks about private military contractors in Syria. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Tuesday: "We have no information regarding other Russians who may be in Syria."
It is very difficult to estimate the number of Russians working as military contractors in Syria and the number who are killed.
For days, rumors have swept through Russian social media that far more than a handful of Wagner contractors were killed in last week's engagement. On Monday liberal presidential candidate Grigory Yavlinsky said: "If massive Russian casualties took place, then relevant officials ... must announce this to the country and find out who is responsible."
Kremlin spokesman Peskov rejected Yavlinsky's assertion, saying: "I don't think Yavlinsky has more reliable sources than this."
There were many Russian citizens overseas, Peskov said, "and it's very hard to have detailed information."
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Do you need to know, when is the best time to go to Louisiana? Then you should take a look here, what weather you can expect there during the year.
Louisiana is part of USA - United States of America. The climate of USA is very varied, as United States of America is a large country. The climate is mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. This is not all. The climate is semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest. You can expect low winter temperatures in the northwest, but they are sometimes moderated in January and February by warm winds. Winters in the south are warmer. Don? forget, that temperatures are usually significantly lower in mountains.
When speaking about the usual weather in this area, the information is relevant for example for these popular places: Abita Springs, Acadiana, Alexandria, Arcadia, Avery Island, Avondale, Baton Rouge, Bossier City, Breaux Bridge, Bridge City, Cameron, Campti, Central, Central City, Chalmette, Clarence, Colfax, Coushatta, Covington, Donaldsonville, Elmwood, Florida Parishes, Grand Isle, Greater New Orleans, Houma, Jefferson, Jefferson Parish, Kenner, Krotz Springs, LaPlace, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Lecompte, Logansport, Luling, Mandeville, Mansfield, Metairie, Minden, Monroe, Natchitoches, Natchitoches Parish, New Iberia, New Orleans, New Roads, Opelousas, Pineville, Plaquemines Parish, Rayne, Ruston, Saint Bernard Parish, Saint Rose, Shreveport, Slidell, St. Francisville, St. Martinville, St. Tammany Parish, Vacherie, Venice, Vidalia, West Feliciana Parish, Winnfield, Woodworth.
Let's look now what weather you can expect in the area around New Orleans and in many other cities. The warmest month here is July, the average maximum temperature is 33.4 ℃ (92.12 ℉). The average minimum temperature in this month is 26 ℃ (78.8 ℉). The coldest month here is January, the average maximum temperature is 15.6 ℃ (60.08 ℉). The average minimum temperature in this month is 8 ℃ (46.4 ℉). The most rainy month here is July, the average number of rainy days is 13.1. The least rainy month here is April, the average number of rainy days is 6.5.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in January is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in January is 15.6 ℃ (60.08 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 8 ℃ (46.4 ℉). At the beginning of January you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 16.45 ℃ (61.61 ℉). At the end of January you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 16.65 ℃ (61.97 ℉). The average number of rainy days in January is 10.1. The average rainfall is 127.7 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 10:14 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 10:25 and at the end of the month 10:43.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Below are average values, so you can consider them typical weather in Louisiana in these places. The sign '-' means we don't have enough data for this item.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in February is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in February is 17.7 ℃ (63.86 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 10 ℃ (50 ℉). At the beginning of February you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 16.65 ℃ (61.97 ℉). At the end of February you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 19.85 ℃ (67.73 ℉). The average number of rainy days in February is 8.9. The average rainfall is 123.9 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 10:43 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 11:06 and at the end of the month 11:32.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in March is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in March is 22 ℃ (71.6 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 13.6 ℃ (56.48 ℉). At the beginning of March you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 19.85 ℃ (67.73 ℉). At the end of March you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 23.6 ℃ (74.48 ℉). The average number of rainy days in March is 9. The average rainfall is 118.7 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 11:32 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 12:00 and at the end of the month 12:27.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in April is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in April is 25.2 ℃ (77.36 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 17.2 ℃ (62.96 ℉). At the beginning of April you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 23.6 ℃ (74.48 ℉). At the end of April you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 27.25 ℃ (81.05 ℉). The average number of rainy days in April is 6.5. The average rainfall is 103.3 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 12:27 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 12:53 and at the end of the month 13:18.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in May is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in May is 29.3 ℃ (84.74 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 21.5 ℃ (70.7 ℉). At the beginning of May you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 27.25 ℃ (81.05 ℉). At the end of May you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 30.7 ℃ (87.26 ℉). The average number of rainy days in May is 6.8. The average rainfall is 109.4 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 13:18 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 13:39 and at the end of the month 13:55.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in June is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in June is 32.1 ℃ (89.78 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 25.1 ℃ (77.18 ℉). At the beginning of June you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 30.7 ℃ (87.26 ℉). At the end of June you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 32.75 ℃ (90.95 ℉). The average number of rainy days in June is 12.5. The average rainfall is 163.6 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 13:55 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 14:03 and at the end of the month 14:03.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in July is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in July is 33.4 ℃ (92.12 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 26 ℃ (78.8 ℉). At the beginning of July you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 32.75 ℃ (90.95 ℉). At the end of July you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 33.3 ℃ (91.94 ℉). The average number of rainy days in July is 13.1. The average rainfall is 144 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 14:03 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 13:54 and at the end of the month 13:38.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in August is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in August is 33.2 ℃ (91.76 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 25.8 ℃ (78.44 ℉). At the beginning of August you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 33.3 ℃ (91.94 ℉). At the end of August you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 31.65 ℃ (88.97 ℉). The average number of rainy days in August is 11.1. The average rainfall is 131.9 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 13:38 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 13:17 and at the end of the month 12:52.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in September is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in September is 30.1 ℃ (86.18 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 24.1 ℃ (75.38 ℉). At the beginning of September you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 31.65 ℃ (88.97 ℉). At the end of September you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 27.9 ℃ (82.22 ℉). The average number of rainy days in September is 8.7. The average rainfall is 104.4 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 12:52 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 12:26 and at the end of the month 11:59.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in October is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in October is 25.7 ℃ (78.26 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 18.8 ℃ (65.84 ℉). At the beginning of October you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 27.9 ℃ (82.22 ℉). At the end of October you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 23.65 ℃ (74.57 ℉). The average number of rainy days in October is 7.5. The average rainfall is 79.7 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 11:59 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 11:33 and at the end of the month 11:07.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in November is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in November is 21.6 ℃ (70.88 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 13.6 ℃ (56.48 ℉). At the beginning of November you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 23.65 ℃ (74.57 ℉). At the end of November you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 19.45 ℃ (67.01 ℉). The average number of rainy days in November is 7.7. The average rainfall is 103.2 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 11:07 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 10:44 and at the end of the month 10:26.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
Typical (usual) weather in Louisiana in December is this: The average highest temperature in Louisiana in December is 17.3 ℃ (63.14 ℉). The average lowest temperature is 9.7 ℃ (49.46 ℉). At the beginning of December you can expect higher temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 19.45 ℃ (67.01 ℉). At the end of December you can expect lower temperatures, the average highest temperature is around 16.45 ℃ (61.61 ℉). The average number of rainy days in December is 9.4. The average rainfall is 123.9 mm (look here, what this number means). When planning your travel, please, keep in mind, that actual weather may differ from these average values. The length of the day at the beginning of this month is approximately 10:26 (hours and minutes), in the middle of the month 10:15 and at the end of the month 10:13.These numbers above are valid primarily for the capital and the area around it. It is important to say, that the weather may differ significantly in different altitudes, especially in mountains.
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US President Donald Trump previously decried former Vice President Joe Biden as a "dummy" and said former President Barack Obama "pulled him out of the trash heap," but Politico reports that Trump is concerned about a possible Biden candidacy.
Trump's allies are also reportedly concerned that Biden could give Trump fierce competition in Rust Belt states that Trump carried in 2016, including Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ohio.
But aides to the president reassure him that Biden is too centrist and friendly to Republicans to win the Democratic base in a primary.
President Donald Trump's aides are reassuring Trump that despite former Vice President Joe Biden's strong performance in early Democratic polls, he won't be progressive enough to win the nomination, according to a report from Politico.
Biden, who served as President Barack Obama's vice president and a US Senator for 36 years, has hinted at a presidential run for months.
While Trump has previously decried Biden as a "dummy" and said Obama "pulled him out of the trash heap," Politico reports that he frequently asks aides for updates on Biden's poll numbers.
Trump's allies are also concerned that Biden, who hails from Scranton, Pennsylvania, could give Trump fierce competition in Rust Belt states that Trump carried in 2016, including Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ohio, sources told Politico.
While most early primary polls have Biden in first place, polls conducted almost 11 months before the first primary contest aren't necessarily indicative of who will succeed at the ballot box.
Even though Biden has high name recognition and is widely beloved within the Democratic Party, he ideologically fits in the center of the party at a time when many candidates are leaning toward more progressive policies.
One friend of Trump told the president that he shouldn't worry about Biden being the nominee because "the Democratic base is looking for someone newer, fresher," Politico said.
Biden will have to contend with some of the controversies from his almost five decades in public service. Allies have also told Trump that Biden's previous support for the controversial 1994 crime bill that is widely credited for contributing to mass incarceration will undermine his candidacy with voters concerned about criminal justice.
Some of Biden's remarks from the 1970s in which he argued against the government playing a role in racially integrating public schools with busing have also resurfaced. And, more recently, Biden has caught heat from fellow Democrats for praising Republicans, including Vice President Mike Pence.
Biden apologized for calling Pence "a decent guy" after facing a slew of backlash from fellow Democrats over Pence's anti-LGBTQ record and has been criticized for appearing at events for a Republican congressional candidate in Michigan last fall.
One person close to Trump said Biden's walking back his praise of Pence was "indicative of the fact that this guy is going to be so beholden to the left, if he can't even make a simple statement about his successor without kowtowing a minute later," according to Politico.
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When choosing which materials to use in the design of a kitchen, it is important to consider the variouse unique challenges which this room wil subject it to. Certain types of stone, such as slate, sandstone, and quartzite, are highly resistant to damage from stains and spills, especially if properly treated when installed. Slate is particularly good at hiding dirt with its multicolored surface. We would also recommend the use of clefted stone in kitchen flooring, as it will minimize the danger from slippage.
Other stones such as marble, onyx, limestone, and travertine can and often are used in kitchens, however they will require a little more treatment to be made imperviouse to stains. They will also require regular maintenance to ensure their continued protection.
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During the "Directoire", the relationship between the United States and France deteriorated. From 1798 to 1800, a type of undeclared maritime war existed between the two countries, with harassment and capture of commercial vessels.
As soon as he came to power, Napoleon, who was a great admirer of the United States, stressed the necessity of restoring peace and friendship.
He asked President John Adams to send him some negotiators. Ellsworth, Davie and Vans Murray arrived in Paris on April 2, 1800. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, Fleurieu and Roederer to represent France.
When Napoleon had to leave Paris to go to Italy fight the battle of Marengo, the negotiations floundered. It was only after his return and under his enlightened guidance that an agreement was reached.
The "Convention of Mortefontaine" was signed on September 30, 1800.
In his memoirs, Baron C.F. de Méneval, who was Joseph Bonaparte's secretary during the negotiations, gives a detailed account of the deliberations and of the festivities that took place two days after the signing, to celebrate the renewed friendship between the two countries.
Here are some excerpts from Méneval's text : "The fête of Mortefontaine was very brilliant. The beauty of the site lent its aid to the taste and the magnificence that were displayed there. Napoleon Bonaparte was present with his family. General Lafayette and Mr. De la Rochefoucauld were kind enough to invite the Americans who happened to be in Paris, as well as acting as interpreters Ö There were a number of pretty women present, at the head of which were the two youngest sisters of the First Consul, Mesdames Leclerc (Pauline ñ 20 years old) and Murat (Caroline ñ 18 years old).
A concert was given on the first day, at which Garat and the most distinguished artists in Paris were heard. On the following day a great hunt was given. In the evening there was a display of fireworks on the lake, in front of the château. A flaming obelisk ñ the pedestal containing allegories consecrating the union on the French and American Republics ñ illuminated its approaches. At the moment when the bouquet exploded, a small flotilla appeared on the water, illuminated with coloured globes, carrying the interlaced flags of the United States and of France. The fête terminated with a magnificent ball, to which more than twelve hundred people had been invited. The First Consul and Madame Bonaparte withdrew at one o'clock.
It was at Mortefontaine that I saw Napoleon for the first time Ö Seeing him surrounded with that prestige of grandeur, which imposes respect on all those who approached him, I did not suspect that one day I should be his familiar. He was very affable to everybody. He conversed at length with M. de Lafayette, a general for whom he had a particular esteem."
French Louisiana was not the State that we know today. It consisted of all the western part of the Mississippi basin, an immense territory five times larger than France, from which thirteen States were carved : Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana. This territory, which had been occupied since the beginning of the 17th century by colonists and French Jesuit missionaries, had been named "Louisiane" by Cavalier de la Salle in honour of Louis XIV, the Sun King.
In 1762, it was transferred to Spain.
On October 1, 1800, after the battle of Marengo, Napoleon obtained its return to France by the treaty of San Ildefonso. During the golden age that France experienced in 1803, Napoleon had mixed feelings as to the proper course to follow.
General Lafayette, spoke to him enthusiastically about the rising force of the United States. He knew all about the energy, the heart, the courage of the population and the value of its leaders, among whom George Washington, who had died in 1799.
With a global viewpoint, his kindness and his humanism, Napoleon hoped to aid this young Republic with its development. He was aware that free circulation on the Mississippi river was vital to the economy of riverside populations. Furthermore, his love for peace forbade him to do anything that could rekindle war.
Public opinion in France, however, favoured developing the richness of Louisiana and reluctantly, he allowed Decrès, the Minister of Marine, to organize an expedition from Holland. It was the "Flessingue operation", which he cancelled as soon as he heard that President Jefferson was sending James Monroe to discuss the subject.
On April 10, 1803, two days before Monroe's arrival, Napoleon confided to Decrès : "I know the value of Louisiana, nevertheless I will cede it to the United States."
Monroe offered two million dollars for the city of New Orleans, namely the outlet to the sea. He wanted nothing else. He had been authorized by Jefferson and the Congress to offer as much as ten million dollars to conclude this limited transaction.
When Napoleon answered him with his kind smile and soft voice : "I don't want to cede only New Orleans to you, but all of Louisiana, your price will be mine", James Monroe was baffled. He asked to withdraw for an hour with his partner Robert Livingston who was the U.S. Ambassador in Paris, to reflect on the fantastic offer.
They had no way of communicating with their President. It was on their own initiative that they felt they could offer fifteen million dollars without running the risk of being disavowed. After all, this was only five million more that the sum authorized to acquire the outlet to the sea. They returned to Napoleon and timidly offered fifteen million. By acre this is two hundred times less than the price paid by the king Louis XV, 35 years earlier, for the purchase of Corsica.
"Perfect ! let us close the deal", said Napoleon, and they moved on to the refreshments and petits fours.
Napoleon added the following to the terms of the agreement ; "Let them know that we separate ourselves from them with regret. Let them always remember that they have been French. May the common origin, language, and customs perpetuate friendship."
The war of 1812, the so-called Second War of Independence.
On June 18, 1812, the American Congress declared War on England who had prohibited free maritime traffic, and had already seized a large number of U.S. commercial vessels.
We are not about to recount here all the events of this war. Our only purpose is to show that the English, when they waged war against a Republic, behaved just as ruthlessly in America as they did in Europe, and were far from being "Gentleman".
On August 15, 1812, Fort Dearborn (Chicago) had surrendered and its garrison had been treacherously massacred by the English during the evacuation.
In October 1812, Major General Stephan Van Rensselaer, commanding the New York's militia and a small number of regular soldiers, sent a part of his forces across the Niagara River to attack Queenstown, only to see it cut to pieces, with the survivors massacred by the English.
On January 22, 1813, at Frenchtown (now called Monroe), Michigan, Colonel Adolphe Procter, commanding six hundred British and five hundred Indians, made a surprise attack on the Kentucky's volunteers under Brigadier General James Winchester. When General Winchester was captured with most of his men, he ordered the rest to surrender under Procter's solemn promise of adequate protection.
Young Americans, between the ages of sixteen and twenty, lay wounded on the ground. Each one thought of his mother, his fiancée, his home, while awaiting to be treated and evacuated. Sons of farmers, they had enrolled enthusiastically when called by Congress in order to save their country. Perfidious Colonel Adolphe Procter gave the order to kill them all.
Yes ! On January 22, 1813, one hundred thirty-four (134) American boys, without defence, were treacherously slaughtered and scalped on the bank of the Raisin River. History records this atrocious day as the "Infamous massacre of Raisin River" and "Remember Raisin River" became an American rallying cry for the remainder of the war.
In December 1813, the British crossed the Niagara River, captured Fort Niagara, which they held until the end of the war, burned Black Rock and Buffalo, and laid waste the Niagara frontier from lake Ontario to lake Erie.
In August 1814, the British army of General Ross had landed at Chesapeake Bay, crushed the slim forces of the United States at Bladensburg, occupied Washington, D.C., burned the Capitol, the White House and all the other government buildings.
Admiral George Cockburn, who as a midshipman had taken part in the battle of Toulon (1793) ñ where the young captain Bonaparte started his rising ñ and who later will lead Napoleon to Santa Helena on board the "Northumberland", set afire the library of Congress with his own hands.
It is obvious that the British would have won this war if they had been able to commit all of their forces. The United States, which had only seven million inhabitants, would have fallen once again under the yoke of perfidious Albion, exactly like Canada. They would have lost their independence and liberty.
Napoleon prevented it by forcing Britain to retain the major portion of its forces in Europe. Therefore, let us thank Napoleon, saviour of the United States of America.
At a time when Europeans are in awe regarding the treaty of Maastricht and the European single currency, it is also interesting to read Napoleon's words dictated to Las-Cases (Memorial of Sainte-Hélène) on August 24, 1816 : "For the prosperity, the interests, the happiness and the well being of the Europeans, I wanted to establish everywhere the same principles, the same system : a European Code, a European supreme court, a single currency with distinctive markings, the same metric system, the same laws. Europe would have been one entity and everyone ñ while traveling ñ would always have been in his common country."
At the beginning of the Consulate, there were three hundred thousand beggars in France.
Napoleon said : "There is a difference between the poor deserving respect, support and friendship, and the beggar deserving anger.
There are many beggars passed on from father to son who are wealthier than honest workers. In this instance, the Church bears some responsibility. It has money-soliciting monks, promising high heavens to all those indulging in begging. In fact, they should deserve hell, because they take advantage of other people's efforts."
He established in each department, educational centres and all beggars, willingly or not, had to attend.
After selection, orientation and training, employment was proposed; particularly in the several construction sites that were growing rapidly in the country.
At the end of the Empire, France had less than ten thousand beggars. Many heads of state, who are presently aware of the problems created by beggars and homeless people, could well learn from Napoleon's example.
In the midst of misfortune, Napoleon remained gentle and charming, as was stated by Betsy Balcombe, an attractive fifteen year-old girl who met the Emperor when he arrived in St Helena in October 1815. (Napoleon stayed at the Balcombe's house during his first two months on the island).
Years later in London, Betsy wrote : "After the bright dreams and hopes of my early youth were withered and destroyed, how vividly I recollect my feeling of dread mingled with admiration, as I now first looked upon Napoleon whom I had learned to fear so much.
Boney ! the man I had once imagined as an ogre with one large flaming red eye in the middle of his forehead. When once he began to speak, his fascinating smile and kind manner removed every vestige of the fear with which I had hitherto regarded him.
The day he left for Longwood, Napoleon gave me a beautiful bonbonnière, which I had often admired. I burst into tears and ran out of the room. I stationed myself at a window from which I could see his departure, but my heart was too full to look on him as he left us, and throwing myself on the bed, I cried bitterly for a long time."
Feelings of admiration and worship towards Napoleon intensify with time. One shouldn't be surprised to see ever-growing crowds from all over the world express their veneration and respect around his magnificent tomb, beneath the dome of the Invalides.
So, Letizia's Prophecy : "It may take two or three centuries before my little boy's merits and kindness are fully acknowledged, but, believe me, this time will come", would become true.
Had Napoleon not been a man of worth, loved and respected as well as admired, King Louis-Philippe himself, supported by the entire French population, would not have given him a grand and solemn funeral on December 15, 1840, nineteen years after his death.
That day, the king, overcome with emotion, burst into tears when, at the very moment when the coffin was carried into the crypt, a veteran of the battle of Wagram broke the awesome silence and screamed at the top of his voice : "L'EMPEREUR ! ".
Neither would King Louis-Philippe have inaugurated in his memory some of the most beautiful monuments in Paris, such as : La Colonne de la Grande Armée (The Vendôme Column), on July 28 1832; the Arc de Triomphe, on July 29, 1836; the Luxor Obelisk, a present from the Egyptian government given to France in 1836, as a token of appreciation for his good deeds in the land of the Pharaohs.
Had Napoleon been able to fulfill his plans and free the European nations from the implacable yoke of their monarchs within the framework specified by the "Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen" (Bill of Rights), mankind would have been spared two world wars, fascism and communism.
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Camille Jordan (11 January 1771 in Lyon – 19 May 1821) was a French politician born in Lyon of a well-to-do mercantile family.
Jordan was educated in Lyon, and from an early age was imbued with royalist principles. He actively supported by voice, pen and musket his native town in its resistance to the Convention; and when Lyon fell, in October 1793, Jordan fled. From Switzerland he passed in six months to England, where he formed acquaintances with other French exiles and with prominent British statesmen, and imbibed a lasting admiration for the English Constitution.
In 1796 he returned to France, and next year he was sent by Lyon as a deputy to the Council of the Five Hundred. There his eloquence won him consideration. He earnestly supported what he felt to be true freedom, especially in matters of religious worship, though the energetic appeal on behalf of church bells in his Rapport sur la liberté des cultes procured him the sobriquet of "Jordan-Cloche". Proscribed at the coup d'état of the 18th Fructidor (4 September 1797) he escaped to Basel. Thence he went to Germany, where he met Goethe.
Back again in France by 1800, he boldly published in 1802 his Vrai sens du vote national pour le consulat à vie, in which he exposed the ambitious schemes of Bonaparte. He was unmolested, however, and during the First Empire lived in literary retirement at Lyon with his wife and family, producing for the Lyon academy occasional papers on the Influence réciproque de l'éloquence sur la Révolution et de la Révolution sur l'éloquence; Etudes sur Klopstock, etc.
At the restoration in 1814 he again emerged into public life. By Louis XVIII he was ennobled and named a councillor of state; and from 1816 he sat in the chamber of deputies as representative of Am. At first he supported the ministry, but when they began to show signs of reaction he separated from them, and gradually came to be at the head of the constitutional opposition. His speeches in the chamber were always eloquent and powerful. Though warned by failing health to resign, Camille Jordan remained at his post till his death at Paris, on 19 May 1821.
To his pen we owe Lettre à M. Laniourette (1791); Histoire de la conversion d'une dame parisienne (1792); La Loi et la religion vengées (1792); Adresse à ses commettants sur la Révolution du 4 Septembre 1797 (I797); Sur les troubles de Lyon (1818); La Session de 1817 (1818). His Discours were collected in 1818. The "Fragments choisis," and translations from the German, were published in L'Abeille française. Besides the histories of the time, see further details vol. x. of the Revue encyclopédique; a paper on Jordan and Madame de Staël, by Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, in the Revue des deux mondes for March 1868 and R Boubbe, "Camille Jordan à Weimar," in the Correspondance (1901), ccv. 718–738 and 948–970.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jordan, Camille". Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 508.
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The United States Supreme Court has once again limited the scope of personal jurisdiction over claims asserted against corporations. In its most recent decision, BristolMyers Squibb Co. v. Superior Court of California, San Francisco County (BMS) (decided June 19, 2017), the Court ruled that the California courts' exercise of specific personal jurisdiction over product liability claims asserted by nonresident plaintiffs violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Plaintiffs in BMS included 86 residents of California as well as 592 residents of thirty-three other states, all of whom alleged the same claims based on the same set of operative facts. In multiple complaints filed in the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco, plaintiffs asserted product liability claims arising out of injuries attributed to BMS' sale of the prescription drug Plavix. Each complaint named as defendants BMS, a biopharmaceutical company incorporated in Delaware with its principal places of business in New York and New Jersey, and McKesson Corporation, a Plavix distributor having its principal place of business in California.
BMS moved to dismiss the complaints of the plaintiffs who resided outside of California for lack of personal jurisdiction, noting the absence of any causal connection between the claims of those plaintiffs and California. First, BMS argued that the court could not exercise specific jurisdiction because there was no causal connection between the claims of the plaintiffs and California. In support of its argument, BMS noted that it did not develop or manufacture Plavix in California, nor did it promote the drug to the nonresident plaintiffs in California. Moreover, the nonresident plaintiffs did not purchase or ingest the drug in California and did not suffer any injuries or receive treatment in California.
Next, BMS argued that the court lacked general jurisdiction because BMS was not "at home" in California. In this regard, BMS' revenue from the sale of Plavix amounted to only 1.1% of its national sales revenue; California employees constituted only 3% of its total U.S. sales force; and only a small percentage of its sales force covered any part of California.
In response to BMS' jurisdiction motion, plaintiffs relied on BMS' significant ties to California, which included five research and laboratory facilities with approximately 160 employees, 250 sales representatives, and a government advocacy office. Between 20062012, BMS sold more than 180 million Plavix pills in California with sales revenue of $918 million. In addition, plaintiffs argued that jurisdiction existed because BMS had been registered to do business in California since 1936 and had a registered agent in California for service of process.
The Superior court ruled that it could assert general jurisdiction because of BMS' “wideranging, continuous, and systematic activities” in California. BMS then sought a writ of mandate, which the California Court of Appeal denied. However, on the same day that the Court of Appeal denied the writ, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Daimler AG v. Bauman, which greatly restricted a court's exercise of general jurisdiction. BMS then sought review of the Court of Appeal denial of its requested writ. The California Supreme Court vacated the denial and ordered the Court of Appeal to issue an order to show cause why the writ should not be granted in light of Daimler. On remand, the Court of Appeal agreed that Daimler prevented the courts of California from exercising general jurisdiction over BMS. However, the Court of Appeal concluded that BMS was subject to specific jurisdiction in California because BMS "has engaged in substantial, continuous economic activity in California, including the sale of more than a billion dollars of Plavix to Californians. That activity is substantially connected to the [nonresidents'] claims, which are based on the same alleged wrongs as those alleged by the California resident plaintiffs." The California Supreme Court affirmed, subjecting the jurisdiction analysis to a sliding scale test under which the “the more wide ranging the defendant’s forum contacts, the more readily is shown a connection between the forum contacts and the claim.” Under the sliding scale test, "claim need not arise directly from the defendant's forum contacts in order to be sufficiently related to the contact to warrant the exercise of specific jurisdiction."The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to determine "whether the California courts' exercise of jurisdiction in this case violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment."
The Court concluded that California courts could not exercise specific personal jurisdiction over the claims asserted against BMS because there was no affiliation between California and the claims of the nonresident plaintiffs, noting that "the nonresidents were not prescribed Plavix in California, did not purchase Plavix in California, did not ingest Plavix in California, and were not injured by Plavix in California." The fact that other plaintiffs (residents of California), who asserted the same claims, may have the requisite affiliation with California was insufficient for the California courts to exercise jurisdiction over the claims of the nonresidents because “a defendant’s relationship with a . . . third party, standing alone, is an insufficient basis for jurisdic tion,”regardless of any similarities between the claims of the resident and nonresident plaintiffs. "What is needed—and what is missing here—is a connection between the forum and the specific claims at issue."
The Court rejected the California Supreme Court's "sliding scale" analysis because it minimizes the critical importance of the connection between the forum and the asserted claims simply because the defendant has extensive contacts with the forum that are unrelated to the claim: "Our cases provide no support for this approach, which resembles a loose and spurious form of general jurisdiction. For specific jurisdiction, a defendant’s general connections with the forum are not enough."
Finally, the Court rejected the nonresident plaintiffs' argument that BMS' distribution relationship with McKesson provided a basis for the exercise of personal jurisdiction: "The bare fact that BMS contracted with a California distributor is not enough to establish personal jurisdiction in the State." In reaching this conclusion, the Court noted the absence of any allegation that McKesson and BMS acted together in committing relevant acts in California or that BMS was "derivatively liable" for McKesson's actions in California. Moreover, there was no evidence to demonstrate how Plavix reached the nonresident plaintiffs, specifically that the medication was distributed by McKesson.
At first blush, the Court's BMS decision can be viewed as encouraging or even requiring multiple lawsuits with the same substantive issues and same set of operative facts to be brought in multiple forums. Indeed, the nonresident plaintiffs advanced this scenario as a reason to affirm the California Supreme Court. But that conclusion, as the Court observed, overlooks the important role that general jurisdiction plays in assuring that all similar claims can be joined in a single proceeding, if the plaintiffs so choose: "Our straightforward application in this case of settled principles of personal jurisdiction will not result in the parade of horribles that respondents conjure up. . . .Our decision does not prevent the California and out-of-state plaintiffs from joining together in a consolidated action in the States that have general jurisdiction over BMS." Thus, all plaintiffs in BMS both California residents and nonresidents could have asserted their claims in the courts of Delaware or New York, the states in which BMS was incorporated and had its principal place of business. To be sure, BMS will force plaintiffs with similar claims to decide whether to consolidate in a single forum or go their separate ways, but it cannot be read as eliminating the option of a single forum for the resolution of all claims.
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The Jewish custom of saying LeChayim (or lechaim/ lekhayim/ lekhaim/ l'chayim/ l'chaim/ l'khayim/ l'khaim) לחיים is very well known, and popularized by the song from Fiddler on the Roof "To Life. " What is the origin of the phrase?
It is common among Sefardi families (and now more and more amongst Askhenazim) that before the blessing on the wine during kiddush, the person making the blessing will say סברי מרנן "savri maranan" and those listening will respond lechayim. Some people will confuse savri with another introduction to similar blessings - b'rshut ברשות - meaning "with [your] permission". However, savri has a different meaning altogether. It comes from the root סבר, which means "to think, be of opinion". This is the also the root of the verb l'hasbir להסביר - to explain and svara סברה - logical argument. Therefore, the phrase savri maranan actually translates to "Gentlemen, what is your opinion?" What does this have to do with drinking wine?
We find the answer in Midrash Tanchuma, Parshat Pekudei (Siman 2) . It is discussing the procedure of interrogating and potentially executing someone accused of a capital crime.
וכששבין מלחקור, אומר להם, סברי מרנן. והם אומרים, אם לחיים לחיים, ואם למיתה למיתה. אם הוא מחויב סקילה, מביאין לו יין טוב וחזק ומשקין אותו, כדי שלא יצטער מן הסקילה.
"After they return from the investigation, one says to them 'savri maranan (have the gentlemen formed an opinion)?' And they say, if to life lechayim - to life, and if to death, lemavet - to death." And if he is sentenced to stoning, they bring him strong good wine to drink, and have him drink it, so he won't suffer during the stoning. "
וכן שליח צבור כשיש בידו כוס של קדוש או של הבדלה , והוא אומר סברי מרנן, ואומר הקהל לחיים, כלומר כי לחיים יהא הכוס.
"And so also the Shaliach Tsibur (= cantor) when he has a cup of kiddush or havdala in his hand and he says 'savri maranan', and the congregation says lechayim - to life, as to say that the cup will be to life."
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Write a blog to the breathing.
∟HTC J One 純正ケース（Double Flipケース：HTC J One Shell Double Dip Flip（R03C001K））人気!!
∟HTC J One + 純正Flipケース（R03C001K）は純正ならではの統一感が魅力。 人気!!
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I'd like to leave you with the title of a book you should read to better understand Japanese history, customs and society. It was written by Sumi Suye, and because she died in Ushiku this year while in her eighties, it is also a nice opportunity to pay tribute to her in this newspaper. She was one the most beloved writers for both children and grown ups. She started to write as a political vocation and also to survive during the thirties, when her husband was isolated by the military regime. She supported her family of 5 by publishing stories that have the kindness and universality of Kenji Miyazawa (if you don't know him, you don't know Japan). She and her husband loved each other to a point that she said of him: "All I did for him, he gave me back 100 times more".
Every Japanese knows her main book, "Hashi no Nai Kawa", "The river with no bridge", as it was also made into a successful movie, with the power and popularity of "Roots", the saga of blacks sold as slaves in the United States. The topic of this story is the treatment of the lowest "cast" of the society at that time, the untouchable "Burakumin".
In many societies, the great public works, from the pyramids to digging tunnels and building dams are done by the slaves (as was better expressed in a poem by Brecht). The story of Sumi Suye centers around one of the many such buraku villages strung out between Kansai and Kanto (including near Tsuchiura), and the relationship or lack of relationship it had with the neighboring villages. It takes place around the time the Meiji restoration, when samurais became common policemen, and the untouchables were supposed to be integrated (in theory, anyway) into the larger society.
Until the end of the war, there was a register to check the origin of familes in order to avoid a mixed marriage with the lower class (and this can still be done unofficially). Nowadays if you ask someone what a "buraku" is, they will tell you that it is a lobby of the "Sanya", the meat and leather treatment and trade. How this discrimation started is difficult to say, but it is enough to think that a village could become untouchable because of the kind of work done there, having some relation with "impurities", blood, bleaching, or related to death.
The story is a love story, and many asked the author to put a good end to her saga. But because it would have changed the purpose of her writing, she choose to leave the end she thought better suited this kind of story, that is, to leave the readers with a kind of bitter taste, but also making us think and not forget. My personal conclusions: the protagonists look to our eyes like ordinary, kind persons, and so it is difficult to believe that someone really could have intentionally treated them so badly. Really the "bullying", the isolation and the avoiding of "ugly" students in the schools, can be at least historically understood when you get to know how it was in the old times. This book is translated only in part, and you can find it in our public library. It reflects the deep and touching feelings of Sumi Suye, in which many people have found a way to look inside themselves. In Japan, there are many places with shrines to venerate the "kami" (gods) of the mountains, of the streams and woods, but there is one place that has the most powerful "kami" of all, the human kindness coming directly from the heart.
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The 21st century has been the age of so many technological breakthroughs and advances, technologies aimed for one function and that is to make the lives of people better by helping them turn into more efficient in their work. For example, Apple undertook a large pre-release advertising campaign for contemporary iPhone 4G and no expertise blog, laptop blog, expertise articles or expertise news was without some piece of information about it. In a nutshell, expertise websites are mutually helpful for both the readers and the manufacturers. \n\nThe Brazilian Privatization Program from 1990-2002 led to privatization of 33 firms, an estimate a hundred and five Billion in national revenue and increment in the investment opportunities, significantly throughout the expertise driven telecommunications industries which represented 31% of this movement.\n\nFeaturing the most effective expertise & tech culture publications on the planet, including TechCrunch, CNET, Engadget, The Verge, Vice and plenty of more. The Bits e-newsletter will hold you updated on the most recent from Silicon Valley and the expertise trade.\n\nHe features plenty of news and rumors largely about any Apple-related data including the most recent iPhone models to MacBooks. Campaigned a $80 robot named “mip” in opposition to a “real life large robot”, and charging an iPhone with fireplace is really an admirable and wonderful discovery.\n\nThis is one purpose why many customers who are on the lookout for the true low down on expertise products and gadgets start trying to find new expertise articles as a substitute of blogs. This is likely one of the finest ways for individuals who are considering a new gadget purchase to get all the data they need to make an informed determination.\n\nUse of easy tools corresponding to garbage cans for disposing litter and recycling of natural waste as an example using vegetable waste as manure could appear inconsequential but in the long term the benefits are left for all to see. Use of more efficient vitality techniques and means of disposal is how expertise protects the setting. \n\nIt is in this subject that a battle of growing latest technologies in laptop hardware takes place. Both the companies are participating in a neck and neck competition and repeatedly outdo each other in introducing new technologies. In the subject of laptop peripherals, the most recent expertise in laptop hardware is in growing one more version of wireless mouse and keyboard.
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A place for tourneys, competitions and other online racing events.
Pickups or No pickups for the Event?
but will that be enough in this showdown? SHOW THESE DRIVERS WHAT YOU CAN DO!
This event, as mentioned before will be Team based. It will happen on Saturday at 16 utc, with Paintjobs and times being due friday at 14utc. The teams will be tried to split in half but that's decided by the attendees.
The team of each car will select a leader to lead the drivers to victory, preferably select a color, maybe flags, and other additional accessories to create paint-jobs around such. The drivers will set their best times around the selected courses to able to gain entry to the event. To be able to qualify, drivers will need to beat 5 of the 21 following times on their selected courses.
May the better drivers Win!
I recommend that whatever car you use as a time trial competitor, you also use as your go to team car.
To clarify, a leader will be agreed on for Team AMW, and Team Cougar. Everybody that wants to join the event can dm me personally so it’s easier to track. The team leaders, need to choose a color to have paintjobs around. (Ex. Blue for amw) this means that for every paintjob that involves a good amount of blue, can be used to race in the team section, which adds personality to the mix. You can create skins, just make sure to send them to me or your team leader if otherwise. This will be due at the on friday at 14 utc, Team leaders will be selected hopefully tomorrow or Thursday.
This event will be a 6v6 across all the courses listed above, pickups are on and will be a no etiquette race. The races will be done with the same system as far as individuality but with a twist, for every team member of the same car that finishes within each other will be given 1 point as a bundle and will raise as more cars finish together by one point. (ex. If one cougar car finishes first with 12 players, they will be granted 12 points. If another cougar car finishes behind them, they as a whole with their combined scores will be given 1 point making it 12+11=23 taking the total of 23+1=24) This will happen all the way down the leader board. This will make it so that while it is important to finish in higher positions, you will also need to think about how to help your team as a whole finish higher on the scoreboards. We will have LM as team leader for Team AMW, and Shara as team leader for Team Cougar. We will be using Blue for Team AMW, as for Team Cougar, it will be revealed asap.
Last edited by L!LMexican on Fri Nov 30, 2018 11:18 pm, edited 6 times in total.
The poll will be updated to run until Friday at 14utc as well before the event.
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Virgin Atlantic Airways has stopped selling credits related to a controversial forestry project in Cambodia under its passenger carbon offsetting program, after an environmental organization raised ethical and ecological concerns about its legitimacy.
Brussels-based Fern alleged in November that a forest in Oddar Meanchey, Cambodia – which forms part of a portfolio of carbon offsetting projects used by Virgin Atlantic to allow its passengers to pay extra to offset the carbon dioxide emissions of their flights – was being “clear-cut” and local people were being “exploited and kicked off their land”.
In November 2017 we were made aware of concerns regarding the Oddar Meanchey project in Cambodia. This project was included in our portfolio in good faith, and Natural Capital Partners [the company responsible for running the airline’s offsetting program] have confirmed that these credits were generated in 2010 and validated to the Climate, Community and Biodiversity (CCB) and Verified Carbon Standards in 2013.
But things can change in the years between verifications, and because of the subsequent concerns raised we asked NCP to remove this project from our portfolio. As a result, none of our customers’ offset purchases from 2017 onwards will have included this project.
While Virgin Atlantic has taken positive action to stop selling credits from this particular project to its passengers, Fern believes this case study proves its theory that no forest carbon project can guarantee permanent emissions reductions. It is on this basis that the NGO opposes their use in ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA).
“Virgin’s statement reveals the flawed logic at the heart of the forest offset industry – and why the aviation industry’s plans to massively ramp up their use is so dangerous,” Fern’s forest campaigner Julia Christian tells Runway Girl Network.
What happened in Oddar Meanchey can happen at any point in a forest offset project, warns Christian.
“As soon as any forest is destroyed, its effect of balancing out emissions disappears. Storage of carbon in forests is highly reversible and volatile. It cannot be used to balance out airplanes’ release of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, which are permanent,” she says.
But others, including Natural Capital Partners, argue that Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) projects can benefit local communities and the environment, when done correctly.
Virgin says the Cambodian forestry project was one of a number of projects in its carbon offsetting portfolio, which also includes “credible renewable energy and resource conservation projects from different parts of the world”.
An article like this requires a description of the “buffer pool” that the certification standards use to account for forest losses in projects. FERN is quoted saying that “no forest carbon project can guarantee permanent emissions reductions” so the certification standards “cannot be trusted” – this is a strawman argument because the fact that forest carbon projects can see losses is something that the standards themselves wouldn’t dispute – which is why they have insurance pools in place to replace forest losses. If this project cannot demonstrate that it can make up for the losses itself, the standard will will use a reserve of credits in the “buffer pool” to account for the loss. FERN knows this, but it doesn’t fit their narrative.
Does VCS claim it will maintain the buffer pool for the thousands of years it will take for released aviation emissions to disappear from the atmosphere?
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With his Macedonian forces Alexander subdued and united the Greeks and reestablished the Corinthian League after almost a century of warfare between the Greek city-states following the Peloponnesian War. Thus Alexander set the stage for his conquest of the Persian Empire, motivated both by personal ambition and by the Greeks' centuries-old hatred for their perennial Asian foes since the Persian Wars. His campaigns were not only wars of liberation of Greek colonies in Asia Minor but also revenge for Persian depredations in Greece in years past. Within 11 years Alexander's empire stretched from the Balkans to the Himalayas, and it included most of the eastern Mediterranean countries, Mesopotamia, and Persia. He died in Babylon contemplating the conquest of Carthage and perhaps Rome. His legacy was a fragmented empire, but he had inspired a new Hellenistic age of cosmopolitan culture.
Alexander was born in 356 B.C. to King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias, the daughter of Neoptolemus, King of the Molossians. Alexander's sister was born the following year, and the two children grew up at the royal court in Pella. Since his paternal grandmother, Eurydice, was an Illyrian, Alexander was barely Macedonian in blood but clearly so in temperament. Of average height, he had deep-set dark eyes which shone out beneath a heavy brow, and a mass of dark, curly hair. As a youth, Alexander rarely saw his father, who was embroiled in long military campaigns and numerous love affairs. Olympias, a fierce and overly possessive mother, consequently dominated her son's early years and filled him with a deep resentment of his father and a strong dislike for women and wine, in which his father heavily indulged.
One of Alexander's first teachers was Leonidas, a relative of Olympias, who struggled to curtail the uncontrollable and defiant boy. Philip had hired Leonidas to train the youth in arithmetic, horsemanship, and archery. Alexander's favorite tutor was the Acarnian Lysimachus, who devised a game whereby Alexander impersonated the hero Achilles. This delighted Olympias, for her family claimed the hero as an ancestor. In Alexander's youthful mind, Achilles became the epitome of the aristocratic warrior, and Alexander modeled himself after this hero of Homer's Iliad.
In 343 Philip summoned the philosopher and scientist Aristotle from Lesbos to tutor Alexander. For 3 years in the rural Macedonian village of Mieza, Aristotle instructed Alexander and a small group of friends in philosophy, government, politics, poetry and drama, and the sciences. Aristotle prepared a shortened edition of the Iliad, which Alexander always kept with him. Aristotle believed in despotic control of the Persians, but Alexander agreed with the ideas expressed in Isocrates's Philip that Macedon should free the barbarians from despotism and offer them Greek protection and care.
The education at Mieza ended in 340. While Philip campaigned against Byzantium, he left the 16-year-old prince as regent in Pella. Philip's general Antipater cautiously but strongly advised Alexander, but other generals looked on Alexander as a pawn, more easily managed than Philip. Within a year Alexander undertook his first expedition against the Thracian tribes, and in 338 he led the Companion Cavalry and helped his father smash the Athenian and Theban forces at Chaeronea.
The brief relationship and military cooperation with his father ended soon after Philip had united all the Greek states except Sparta into the Corinthian League, over which Philip then governed as military leader. When Philip married Cleopatra, the daughter of his general Attalus, and expelled Olympias, Alexander with his mother and his closest friends fled Macedon and lived in Epirus with Olympias's family until Demaratus of Corinth brought about a reconciliation between father and son.
In the summer of 336 at the ancient Macedonian capital of Aegai, Alexander's sister married her uncle Alexander, the Molossian king. In the festival procession Philip was assassinated by a young Macedonian noble, Pausanias. The reason for the act was never discovered.
Alexander sought the acclamation of the Macedonian army for his bid for kingship, and the generals, Antipater, and Alexander's own troops which had fought at Chaeronea proclaimed him king. Alexander then systematically killed all possible royal claimants to the throne, and Olympias murdered the daughter of Philip and Cleopatra and forced Cleopatra to commit suicide.
Although elected feudal king of Macedon, Alexander did not thus automatically gain command of the Corinthian League. The southern Greek states rejoiced at Philip's assassination, and Athens, under the staunch democrat Demosthenes, sought to lead the League. Throughout Greece independence movements arose. Immediately Alexander led his armies southward, and Thessaly quickly recognized him as leader. Alexander summoned members of the League to Thermopylae and received their recognition of his command. At Corinth in the autumn of 336 Alexander renewed the treaties with the member states. Sparta refused to join. The League entrusted Alexander with unlimited military powers to campaign against Persia.
A spirit of Panhellenism ruled the first stages of Alexander's career. A united Greece free of petty wars would bring to the barbarian worlds the Hellenic culture. As the descendant of Achilles, Alexander would correct the ills Persia had created for Greece and remove Persian intervention in Greek affairs. Although he became a Panhellenic leader, he nevertheless remained a Macedonian king bent upon conquering new territories.
Alexander did not prepare for war with Persia immediately. In the spring of 335 he conquered the Thracian Triballians south of the Danube. He secured Macedon and its northern borders without the help of the general Parmenion, who was already in Asia Minor, and Antipater, who governed as Alexander's regent in Macedon.
In Asia, Darius III, King of Persia, had become aware of Parmenion's presence in Asia and of Alexander's future plans. Darius attempted to bribe the Greek states to revolt, but only Sparta accepted the gold. However, when a rumor spread that Alexander was dead, Demosthenes prodded the Athenian assembly to unilaterally consider the Corinthian League defunct and Athens independent. Thebes at once rejoiced and slew its Macedonian garrison. Alexander, very much alive, raced southward and besieged Thebes. In the name of the League, Alexander waged war against the rebellious members but still attempted to negotiate peace. When Thebes rejected Alexander's demands, he leveled the city, killed the soldiers, and sold the women and children into slavery, sparing only the temples and the house of the poet Pindar. Alexander destroyed the city to warn others of the price of rebellion. Athens revoked its declaration of withdrawal from the League, honored Alexander, and offered to surrender Demosthenes.
In October 335 Alexander returned to Macedon and prepared his Asiatic expedition. In numbers of troops, in ships, and in wealth, Alexander's resources were markedly inferior to those of Darius. Parmenion was recalled to Pella to be Alexander's chief aide. The army was not Panhellenic but essentially Macedonian, led by a Macedonian king, and the expedition quickly became the royal Macedonian's personal campaign for aggrandizement and empire.
In the early spring of 334 the army crossed the Hellespont (modern Dardanelles) to Abydos, and Alexander visited ancient Troy. There he sacrificed and prayed, dedicated his armor to Athena, and took an antique sacred shield for his campaign. Not far away at the Granicus River, Alexander met Darius's army in May, employed for the first time his oblique battle formation, and defeated the Persians. To commemorate the victory, Alexander sent 300 sets of Persian armor to the Parthenon in Athens with the dedicatory inscription: "Alexander the son of Philip, and the Greeks, all but the Spartans [dedicated these] from the barbarians who inhabit Asia." Alexander thus maintained the official propaganda that he was not only a king but the Panhellenic leader.
Western Asia Minor and Darius's capital at Sardis fell easily, followed by Miletus and Halicarnassus. The territories Alexander conquered retained their satrapal administrations, continued to pay the same taxes as before, and formed the foundations of his Asian empire.
By autumn Alexander had crossed the southern coast of Asia Minor, and Parmenion had entered Phrygia. Both armies spent the winter at the Phrygian capital of Gordium. Divine portents and miracles were ascribed to Alexander by the local peoples, Greeks, and barbarians. When Alexander cut the famous Gordian Knot to fulfill a prophecy, he himself started to believe the myths circulated about him.
When news reached Alexander of Greek naval victories in the Aegean, he sped eastward to the passes of the Taurus and Syria. By the late summer of 333 Alexander was in Cilicia, south of Darius and his armies. At Issus the two kings met in battle. Alexander was outnumbered, but utilizing the oblique formations he rushed the Persian center line and Darius turned his chariot and fled. The Persian line crumbled. In November, Alexander attacked the Persian royal camp, gained hoards of booty, and captured the royal family. He treated Darius's wife, mother, and three children with respect. Darius's army was beaten, and the King became a fugitive. Alexander publicly announced his personal claim to the throne of Persia and proclaimed himself king of Asia.
But before he could pursue his enemy into Persia, he needed to control the seas and the coastal territories of Phoenicia, Palestine, and Egypt to secure his chain of supply. Aradus, Byblos, and Sidon welcomed Alexander but Tyre resisted. In January 332 Alexander began his long and arduous siege of Tyre. He built moles to the island city, employed siege machines, fought off the Tyrian navy and army, and 8 months later seized the fortress.
Darius now sought to come to terms with Alexander and offered a large ransom for his family, a marriage alliance, a treaty of friendship, and the part of his empire west of the Euphrates. Alexander ignored Darius's offer, planning to conquer all.
From Tyre, Alexander marched south through Jerusalem to Gaza, besieged that city, and pushed on into Egypt. Egypt fell to Alexander without resistance, and the Egyptians hailed him as their deliverer from Persian hegemony. In every country Alexander had respected the local customs, religions, and peoples. In Jerusalem he had retained the priestly rule of the Temple, and in Egypt he sacrificed to the local gods. At Memphis the Egyptian priesthood recognized him as pharaoh, offered him the royal sacrifices, and invested him as king on the throne of Ptah. They hailed Alexander as a god. When Alexander visited the oracle of the Phoenician god Ammon at Siwa, the priest greeted him as the son of Ammon. From this time he seems to have accepted the idea of his own divinity. All across his Asian empire, oracles confirmed Alexander's divinity, and the people paid him divine honors.
Alexander promoted Greek culture in Egypt. In 331 he founded the city of Alexandria, which became the center of Hellenistic culture and commerce. Devoted to science, Alexander dispatched an expedition up the Nile to investigate the sources of the river and the true explanation for its inundations.
In September 331 Alexander defeated the Persians at Arbela (modern Erbil); the event is also called the Battle of Gaugamela. The Persian army collapsed, and Alexander pursued Darius into the Kurdish mountains.
Abandoning the chase, Alexander systematically explored Babylonia, the rich farmlands, palaces, and treasuries which Darius had abandoned. In Babylon, Alexander celebrated the New Year's Festival in honor of the god Marduk, whereby the god extended his divine pleasure and confirmed the lawful monarchy. Alexander became "King of Babylon, King of Asia, King of the Four Quarters of the World."
The royal palace of Susa and its treasuries fell to Alexander in the summer of 331, and he set out for Persepolis, the capital of the Persian Empire. To prevent a royal uprising and to exact punishment for the Persian destruction of Athens in 480, Alexander burned Persepolis, a rash but symbolic act. In the spring of 330 he marched to Darius's last capital, Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). There Alexander left Parmenion in charge of the vast confiscated treasuries and all communications and set off in pursuit of Darius.
Darius had fled beyond the Caspian Gates with his eastern satraps. When Alexander caught up with them in July 330, the satraps had assassinated Darius. Alexander ordered a royal funeral with honors for his foe. As Darius's successor and avenger, Alexander captured the assassins and punished them according to Persian law. Now Persian king, Alexander began to wear Persian royal clothing and adopted the Persian court ceremonials. As elsewhere, Alexander employed local officials in his administration. He did, however, maintain his position of leader of the Corinthian League toward the Greek ambassadors.
At the Caspian Sea, Alexander became occupied with geography, the location of the Eastern Ocean, and its relation to the Caspian Sea. Consequently, he pushed eastward and for 3 years campaigned in eastern Iran. He secured the region, founded cities, and established colonies of Macedonians. In the spring of 327 he seized the almost impregnable high rock fortress of Ariamazes and captured the Bactrian prince Oxyartes. Alexander married Oxyartes's daughter Rhoxana to bind his Eastern empire more closely to him in a political alliance.
The Macedonians began to resent Alexander's Oriental customs and dress and his demand that they prostrate themselves before him. Parmenion's son Philotas conspired against Alexander, who executed the traitor according to Macedonian law and also ordered the death of Parmenion on false charges.
In the summer of 327 Alexander marched to the Punjab and the Indus Valley. The following year his first son died in India. In northern India, Alexander defeated the armies of King Porus. Impressed with his bravery and nobility, Alexander reestablished Porus as king and gained his loyalty. Continuing his progress eastward, Alexander reached the Ganges, where his armies refused to go farther, and after 2 days of struggle Alexander turned back. The army returned westward along the Indus, but when Alexander was seriously wounded while fighting the fierce Malli warriors, his army was overwhelmed with grief. They cheered his recovery, and all animosities were forgiven.
By July 325 the army and its fleet had reached the Indus Delta. The fleet continued north in the Persian Gulf, while the army began to march along the barren and inhospitable coast. Hardship and death brought havoc to the army, which joined up with the fleet weeks later. In January 324 Alexander reached Persepolis, which he had left 5 years earlier, and in February he was in Susa. But disorder had spread throughout the empire during Alexander's campaigns in the East.
Greatly concerned with the rule of his empire and the need for soldiers, officers, and administrators, Alexander attempted to bind the Persian nobility to the Macedonians to forge a ruling class. At Susa he ordered 80 of his Macedonian companions to marry Persian princesses. Alexander, although married to Rhoxana, married Stateira, a daughter of Darius, to legitimize his sovereignty.
When Alexander incorporated 30,000 Persians into the army, his soldiers grumbled. At Opis that summer, when he decided to dismiss his aged and wounded Macedonian soldiers, the angry soldiers condemned his Persian troops and his Persian manners. Alexander arrested 13 of their leaders and executed them. He then addressed the army and movingly reminded them of their glories and honors. After 3 days the Macedonians repented, and in a thanksgiving feast the Persians joined the Macedonians as forces of Alexander—but not as brothers.
In the spring of 323 Alexander moved to Babylon and made plans to explore the Caspian Sea and Arabia and then to conquer northern Africa. On June 2 he fell ill with malaria, and 11 days later, at the age of 32, he was dead. A few months later his wife Rhoxana bore him a son, who was assassinated in 309.
Alexander's empire was little more than a vast territory improperly ruled by the king and his bureaucrats. Nations and peoples did not blend harmoniously together but were governed by Macedonians for their King. The empire collapsed at his death, and nations and generals vied for power. The Greek culture that Alexander introduced in the East had barely developed. But in time, and under the "successor" kingdoms, the Oriental and Greek cultures blended and flourished as a by-product of the empire.
The most thorough study of Alexander, and perhaps the most accurate interpretation, is Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great (1931; trans. 1932). Andrew R. Burn, Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Empire (1947; 2d ed. 1962), is a delightful brief sketch and a fine interpretation of Alexander. W. W. Tarn, Alexander the Great (2 vols., 1948-1950), misrepresents Alexander's goals. Charles A. Robinson, Jr., has compiled a good general study of Alexander, The History of Alexander the Great (2 vols., 1953-1963). See also Kurt Emmrich, Alexander the Great: Power as Destiny (1965; trans. 1968). John W. Snyder discusses Alexander's military campaigns in Alexander the Great (1966). Margarete Bieber, Alexander the Great in Greek and Roman Art (1964), considers his portraits. A well-illustrated biography is Peter Bamm, Alexander the Great (1968). See also F. A. Wright, Alexander the Great (1934); Lewis V. Cummings, Alexander the Great (1940); and J. F.C. Fuller, The Generalship of Alexander the Great (1958).
"Alexander the Great." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 10 April 2019. <https://biography.yourdictionary.com/alexander-the-great>.
How Did Alexander the Great Die?
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Some riders sit the rocking momentum of the canter with their seat glued to the saddle. Others find their seat slapping against it as each new sequence of canter footfalls begins. Why the difference? One rider is following the horse's motion, the other is not.
Following the motion means that your hips swing in rhythm with the horse's hips as your seat remains in contact with the saddle. Following the motion of the horse is a basic riding skill you must master before you can correctly apply individual aids and coordinate a group of aids as a corridor of pressures that is clear to the horse. With this skill set, you can influence your horse's speed, direction, and shape in the way you want.
In a 'neutral' position at the halt, your ear, shoulder, elbow, hip and heel should align vertically, perpendicular to the ground. Your spine should be straight and your lower back should neither arch nor round. Maintaining your upper body in this neutral position as your horse moves at the canter requires swinging your hips in rhythm with the horse's hips.
The canter is a three-beat gait followed by a moment of suspension. The horse's inside hip then outside hip first move down and forward in quick succession as the canter's sequence of footfalls begins. The hips then rise as the horse's hind feet push off the ground and 'hang' in a moment of suspension before the sequence begins again.
Many riders find the canter's rhythm easier to follow with their hips than that of the trot because the canter does not have the bounce of the trot. The swing of your hips as they follow the swing of your horse's hips absorbs the motion and follows it through the sequence of footfalls. This allows your upper body to remain in 'neutral' over the horse's center of gravity. Simply think of sweeping the saddle with your seat in order to find the forward and back swing of the hip at the canter.
You need strong core muscles to lift, swing or tip your hips. If your core muscles are weak, swinging your hips in rhythm with the horse's canter footfalls will be difficult. Do not confuse stiff or tense muscles with strong muscles. Strength is the ability to use a muscle without tension. Strong core muscles can hold your upper body in the neutral position while allowing the muscles moving your hip joints to remain relaxed and flexible so they can absorb the horse's hip movements. When your core muscles are weak, you compensate by tensing other muscles and stiffening joints in an attempt to feel secure in the saddle. Ironically, this tension makes your seat more insecure because it locks your hip joints and makes the necessary swing impossible.
Hollowing or arching your lower back may make you feel like you are swinging your hips properly but you will be unable to maintain your upper torso in its neutral position over your horse's center of gravity. If you hollow your lower back, your hips will swing—but they will swing too much. Instead of swinging forward from the starting point of the canter's footfalls then back to the starting point at the end of the sequence, your hip swing will go beyond the starting point to the arch point. You will be pushing or chasing the horse with your seat which makes a horse quicken or rush. You may wind up with lower back pain.
As an exercise to find and feel the upward and downward motion of the horse's hips at the canter, consciously relax your hip and thigh muscles enough to allow your legs to gently lift away from your horse's sides and return without muscular effort on your part. This helps unlock the hip. Go back to frog position and dog position exercises at the halt and walk to help you feel what it is like to open your hip joints. While holding your upper torso in a neutral position, you lift your knees upward into the frog position. For the dog position, lift one leg out to the side away from the saddle, then the other, then both legs. Yoga exercises can help strengthen core muscles while also stretching tight hip and thigh muscles.
When you develop strong core muscles that can hold your upper body in a neutral position while allowing your hip flexors and abductors to remain loose and relaxed so your hips can swing, you can practice regulating your horse's canter rhythm using just your seat. The swing in your hips can either maintain the gait, slow the gait or increase the gait. You use your core muscles to regulate the swing in your hips which, in turn, regulates the gait.
If you are following the horse's motion and simply want to maintain it, no adjustment is necessary. If you want your horse to slow his rhythm, you use your core muscles to reduce the swing of your hips. You can ask the horse to go faster by using your core muscles to hold the upward swing of the hips momentarily. This helps redirect the horse's energy forward and upward as he springs off the ground.
As you learn to combine your ability to regulate the horse's canter rhythm with the correct application of your aids in corridors of pressures that suggest shapes to the horse, you can eventually ask your horse for rollbacks, side passes, pirouettes, tempi changes, and other advanced movements. First, learn to follow the motion.
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Soul Sleep: Do the Dead Sleep?
Soul sleep is a common teaching in some Christian circles.
Soul sleep is the belief that the dead are not conscious or aware, but rather in a state of deep sleep.
Soul sleep is good in some respects because it properly emphasizes the future Resurrection of the Dead, and not the immediate afterlife.
However, to say that the dead are completely unaware, in a state of soul sleep, is not supported by the scriptures.
The idea of soul sleep is a common teaching in some Christian circles. Proponents of soul sleep generally do believe in the existence of human souls, but maintain that when a person dies their soul or consciousness remains in or connected to their flesh body. From there, they await the Resurrection of the Dead in a sleep-like state of suspended animation, thus the term "soul sleep".
While perhaps soul sleep is an improvement over some of the more traditional teachings about the afterlife, to say that the dead are in a state of deep sleep is not accurate. Soul sleep also works hand-in-hand with many false teachings. Most notably, it supports a physical resurrection scenario, where people's flesh bodies rise out of their graves (see ch.15 Resurrection of the Body). It is therefore worthwhile to understand why soul sleep isn't true, so as to avoid arriving at this, and other false conclusions.
Soul sleep overlooks many critical verses, which indicate that the souls of the dead remain cognizant on some level.
One of the root teachings of soul sleep is that the dead are not cognizant or aware, but unconscious. However, when the afterlife is depicted in both the Old and New Testaments the dead are basically cognizant, not asleep. They are often described as having both thoughts and feelings that they can communicate.
For example, in the Old Testament it says, "The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst of hell [Sheol] with them that help him" (Ezekiel 31.21 KJV bible), "All they (the dead) shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto us?" (Isaiah 14.10 KJV bible), "let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the grave [Sheol]" (Psalm 31.17 KJV bible). In all of these examples, the dead are described as being awake and having thoughts and feelings they can communicate.
From the New Testament, we have the detailed account of the rich man and Lazarus, where a very poignant conversation takes place in Hades, "And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame. But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented" (Luke 16.24-25 KJV bible). Clearly this passage is not an allegory, but an account, that serves as a warning to individuals about the real consequences of not having compassion for others.
Another verse relating to soul sleep is in the book of Peter, where we learn that the gospel has already been preached (or proclaimed) to the dead, "For for this cause was the gospel preached [Greek: euaggelizo - to announce good news] also to them that are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit" (1st Peter 4.6 KJV bible). On Judgment Day, the dead in Hades will be judged according to their deeds in the flesh. Therefore, while it is too late for them to be firstfruits unto Christ, they do have the comfort of knowing that Jesus defeated death, and will raise them up in the second resurrection of the dead. It would not have been possible for the dead to hear this good news, unless they were somewhat conscious.
If the dead are asleep and unconscious, it would not be possible (before the resurrection) for Moses and Elijah to appear on the Mt. of Transfiguration, "And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him" (Matthew 17.2-3 KJV bible). Also, relating to soul sleep, we have the witness of the book of Revelation. In ch. 7, a great multitude of believers (from the tribulation) gather and praise the Lord in Paradise, "After this I beheld, and lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands; And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb" (Revelation 7.9-10 KJV bible). From this passage alone, we know that the souls of the righteous are both awake, and with the Lord in heaven (see also ch.4 Souls in Heaven). Lastly, one should consider what Jesus says in John 8.56, "Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw it, and was glad" (John 8.56 KJV bible). If Abraham is in a state of soul sleep, then how could he have rejoiced at the day when Messiah was born into the world?
Soul sleep implies that a person's soul stays within, or connected to, their flesh body after death.
There are many variations of soul sleep. One widespread principle of soul sleep is that when a person dies, their soul remains in or connected to their flesh body. However, it is well established in scripture, that when a person dies their soul does not remain within their flesh body. Rather, the soul moves on, and the body is left as an empty vessel.
When God answers Elijah's prayer by resurrecting the widow's son, it is written that the child's soul returns to him. This indicates that initially when the boy dies, his soul leaves him, "And he stretched himself upon the child three times, and cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, I pray thee, let this child's soul [nephesh] come into him again. And the LORD heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into him again, and he revived" (1st Kings 17.21-22 KJV bible). Also, when Rachel dies giving birth to Benjamin it's written that her soul departs from her, "And it came to pass, as her soul [nephesh] was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Ben-oni" (Genesis 35.18 KJV bible). Job describes how at the end of his earthly struggle the Lord will long for the work of his hands, meaning Job's soul, "If a man die, shall he live again? all the days of my appointed time [Hebrew: tsebawaw - campaign or service] will I wait, till my change come. Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a desire to the work of thine hands" (Job 14.14-15 KJV bible). Clearly, the soul leaves behind the flesh body at death, which is inconsistent with many versions of soul sleep.
In the New Testament, when Stephen is about to become a martyr, is he in error to call upon Jesus to receive his spirit, "[Stephen] looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God...And they stoned Stephen, [who was] calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit [pneuma]" (Acts 7.55,59 KJV bible)? Also, the book of Acts describes how during one of Paul's sermons a young man falls down from a third story window. Then Paul says, "Trouble not yourselves; for his life [psuche] is in him" (Acts 20.10 KJV bible). This indicates that if the young man had died, his soul or person (psuche) would have left his body, which it apparently did not.
If the soul stays within the body, then why does Jesus tell the malefactor on the cross that that very day he would be with him in Paradise, "And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in paradise" (Luke 23.43 KJV bible)? Also, Peter speaks of "putting off" his earthly tent or dwelling after his time in the flesh, "Yea, I think it meet, as long as I am in this tabernacle, to stir you up by putting you in remembrance; Knowing that shortly I must put off this my tabernacle, even as our Lord Jesus Christ hath shewed me" (2nd Peter 1.14 KJV bible). While there are many variations of soul sleep, clearly the widespread idea that the soul or consciousness remains within the body after death, has no scriptural support.
quoted at the end of this article, please? The original text did not have punctuation marks so the quote above has a very different meaning if we read it as “And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee Today, thou shalt be with me in paradise” (Luke 23.43 KJV bible). And besides, didn't Yeshua at that time go to preach to the spirits in prison, not paradise?
Hi Ivor, It's true that there are no punctuation marks in the original manuscripts, but imo the translators are right to put the comma in where it is. This is because Jesus says many times "verily I say unto you,...", but nowhere does he say "verily today I say unto you,...". Also, the Greek word for today (saymeron) means this literal day but there are places where it is used to refer a time period longer than one 24 hour day (Luke 4.21, Matthew 27.8). In Luke 23.43, I believe Jesus simply means that he would soon be with him in heaven, which implies that the dead are not in a state of soul sleep.
This is very good, thanks for this. I have plagiarized it a few times now, in comments by people who believe in soul sleeping (in cases where I was able [where the word count restriction allowed me to] I have referenced you and your site). This took hard work and some intelligent application of apologetics. Kudos to you.
Thank you Michael, I don't want people copying from my site, but it sounds like you cited it properly which isn't plagiarism. I'm glad you like the section on soul sleep. Alot people read it and think I'm trying to attack people who believe in soul sleep, but I researched it because I wanted to know for sure if soul sleep was true or not.
Most churches teach either some kind of soul sleep or nonexistence until the resurrection of the dead, or that people's souls go to heaven or hell forever when they die. Neither view is correct, as the souls will take part in the resurrection of the dead.
You are one of the first persons I have ever met who correctly understands the difference between Paradise and Heaven. The first person I've met that understands that people do not go to their final place until after they are judged. Clearly you have studied to show yourself approved as the scripture states. I'm glad I found your blog, and I will follow it now with interest, thank you.
Thanks Michael, there's some scholars out there, but also alot of junk. The internet allows for sharing of ideas and debate, which is good. I've been working on some long term projects, and I send out updates when I post new writings.
Hi Tonya, we agree about some things and your comment seemed more about soul sleep so I moved it here. I have looked into the issue of soul sleep. All the verses that seem to support the dead being unconscious can be explained easily because the bible uses "sleep" as a euphemism for death. There are alot more scriptures that clearly show that people have souls that continue on awake after death, and this isn't all based on Luke 16. Revelation 5.9 and 6.9 support souls in heaven. Jesus will even reject the souls of people when he returns, and this is before they are resurrected, "And that servant, which knew his lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes. But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes” (Luke 12.47-48 KJV bible). I go where the scripture leads me.
I thank you for your clarification on the soul sleep subject,backed by holy scriptures from the Bible.
Hi Eve, thanks for your comment about soul sleep. I have nothing against people who believe in soul sleep, but alot of scriptures point to the dead being conscious before the resurrection.
I have a few questions regarding this topic about soul sleep.
In Mat 17:1-9, Jesus quoted this was a vision.
How could people be alive before Jesus Christ could be raised back to life?
Jesus slept in the grave for 3 days and 3 nights, than God raised Jesus back to life again.
By reading the above scripture, it seems the rest are sleeping.
When will that be, I see verse 23 gives us the answer.
It seems to me that we will not be made alive, wakened from that sleep, until the coming of Jesus.
Hi Gillian. It doesn't really sound like you have a question about soul sleep, as much as you believe in soul sleep. Soul sleep is a whole school of though that ties into many other biblical subjects, especially the resurrection of the dead. I respect soul sleep, though I don't accept it.
Regarding Matthew 17, let me point out that the Greek word there for "vision" does not mean a dream or hallucination, it means a sight or spectacle, implying that what they saw was real.
So the question with soul sleep is how do we explain these discrepancies, because both sides seem to have supporting verses.
I can't go through it all here, (see the chapters about the resurrection of the dead), but IMO the dead are raised to life in the sense that they are made whole or complete because they receive eternal spiritual bodies (1st Corinthians 15.44). All souls will be raised from a lower state to higher one, even if it is to face final judgment (see Revelation 20). In the end, soul sleep boils down to which side has the better explanations in the overall context of scripture.
But I still do not understand how people, like Moses could have received eternal life before Jesus.
It's clear that Jesus is the first begotten from the dead.
You quoted Rev 7:9-10, much of revelations, has still yet to be fulfilled; if you continue on reading, you will notice that these people are those that have come out from the great tribulation.
Has the ''great tribulation'' taken place or taking place or yet to take place.
In Chapter 6, the last verse.
(16) The Lord will come from heaven with a command, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet call of God. First, the dead who believed in Christ will come back to life.
(17) Then, together with them, we who are still alive will be taken in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. In this way we will always be with the Lord.
Hi Gillian, Moses and Elijah have spiritual life in heaven, but they are not resurrected yet. They are the ones that sleep in Christ. They don't sleep in the graves or the tombs because they have life in heaven and are not in Hades (spiritual death). The great tribulation hasn't happened yet, but Revelation shows that believers do go to heaven (sleep in Christ) before the resurrection of the dead. The resurrection happens at Jesus' return.
However, only Jesus has been resurrected into his eternal place and form, and this is why he is the first born from the dead. Jesus is at the right hand of God as the only begotten Son. Believers (even believers in heaven) will not be heirs with Christ until they are resurrected to him (see ch.15 on the right)(also compare Ephesians 1.14 with 1st Thess 4.13-17). The dead in heaven (those that sleep in Christ) are waiting to be made like Christ in the resurrection. They don't suffer any wrath, but are rewarded. (see ch.15 on the right for more on this).
What do you do with the text that clearly says that the dead know nothing? Also, you have misinterpreted those who believe that the dead are asleep; just because one does not believe that the dead have no knowledge (Ecclesiastes 9:5), that doesn't mean that they do not believe in the soul (which, if you were a true Biblical scholar, would know that this is equanimous with the spirit - the breath of the individual, not a knowledgeable, living thing) as as something that has knowledge. This would be like saying that every time we breath out, we are losing some of our knowledge, for it would go with that breath! What a foolish thing! No one in their right mind would believe that. But yet there are tons of people who believe that the spirit or soul has knowledge. Further, the belief that we continue to live in some form is simply a falling for the initial lie of Satan to Adam and Eve in the Garden when he told them that they would not die. It makes absolutely no sense that Jesus would have risen to Heaven upon His death, then came back down to Earth to gather His human body, and then gone back up to Heaven when he rose from the grave. It would also be so very cruel for Jesus to raise anybody from the dead, or for us to try to save people's lives, if they went to Heaven. Why would Jesus have brought someone back to this sinful Earth from the most perfect place; Heaven? The Bible doesn't support a place somewhere in which the person waits to be judged. It does, however, support that the dead are "asleep," and that when Jesus returns, He will raise those who died in the faith first from that sleep, to be joined with Him, after which those who are still alive will join with them in the clouds to ascend to Heaven (1 Thess. 4:15, 16). If they were already in Heaven, why would Jesus need to come back to retrieve their bodies? The Bible states that those bodies will be changed in the blink of an eye, so if we believe that the dead are already in Heaven, they would already have transformed bodies; it wouldn't happen at the second coming of Jesus. Those resurrected bodies would need to be changed, otherwise there would be sinful states in Heaven.
You also state a middle state...where does this exist? Are our "souls" simply flying around everywhere? Where is the Biblical support for this...not taken out of context with the verses before and after it?
In the end, all that matters is what the bible says. It makes clear that the dead people have souls, and don't literally sleep.
“But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet what I shall choose I wot not. For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better” (Philippians 1.22-23 KJV bible).
Paul clearly says he, not some lifeless spirit, desires to depart and be with Christ. He doesn't say he desires to sleep in the ground.
Demons can't prophecy of God, so how can Saul talk with the prophet Samuel if the dead have no souls? This passage contradicts what you're saying about souls.
How is that Jesus talks with Moses and Elijah before the resurrection of the dead, “...his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him” (Matthew 17.2-3 KJV bible).
This is not their unconscious breaths of life, but their souls that are talking to Jesus. How is this possible if the dead are completely asleep and have no souls?
How is it that the SOULS of the martyrs are in heaven and awake before the first resurrection, "And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the SOULS of them that were slain for the word of God, and for the testimony which they held...(Revelation 6.9 KJV). The saints go to heaven like the bible says.
ALso the word used here for soul is "psuche" which means person, not spirit or breath. The biblical word used for soul is not the same as the one used for spirit.
Speaking of context, you should read Ecclesiastes in full. The whole context of the book is flesh man, or the man under the sun. This is why it says the dead know nothing, because the overall context is the world of the living.
You make alot of accusations about what others believe, but no one here is saying any of these things. No one is saying Jesus' soul went to heaven and then came back to his body. Matthew 12.40 says he was in the heart of the earth. Not asleep in a tomb, which is nowhere near the "heart" of the earth.
In fact, Peter says he preached to the dead, which is another verse that proves that the dead have souls and aren't fully asleep,“For for this cause was the gospel preached [Greek: euaggelizo - to announce good news] also to them that are dead, that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit” (1st Peter 4.6 KJV bible).
One has to accept that people have spiritual souls in addition to a spirit of life, before moving on to understanding the resurrection of the dead.
I can only speak from my own experience. When my 21 year old son, saved and Baptized, died, he was here with me on several occasions! I know that he is not always with me, I pray that his spirit is with the Lord. But upon his death and several times since he has made himself known to me. (yes, I am certain!)He could not have done this if he was asleep.? I was and still am very confused about all this which led me to this site to began with. I do truly believe that some day we will all meet again in the air and the saved will be with the Lord! I can not wait to be with my son again! I welcome any and all comments!
I just want to say that there is a difference between the soul and the spirit of a man. According to the bible, God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the spirit of life into him and then, and only then, did man become a living soul. Gen. 2:7. Also, the bible speaks of the word of God being able to seperate spirit from soul. Heb. 4:12 Again, in the valley of dry bones, the bodies were formed, yet they were not living until God commanded the breath to come into them (pause) from the four winds - not from some grave/state of sleep. Ezek. 37:7-10. Colossians 1:3 states, "If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above where Christ is sitting on the right hand of God." If there is no difference between the resurrection of the spirit and the resurrection of the physical body, then how is it that we have already attained unto the resurrection of the dead to seek Christ in the first place? For we know that Jesus Christ was first raised then quickened by the spirit of God. The scripture shows us that there are two transformations, that of the spirit and of the body. Remember, you must be born of water and spirit. John 3:5. Did not the dry land appear from the water and did not God form man from the dust of the dry land before it was accursed and after a mist had watered the face of it? Gen. 2:6-7 For out of the body of Jesus flowed blood and water. Is not the life /quickening power of the body in the blood? If not, how could Abel's blood have cried unto the lord from the ground? There is that resurrection of the body when death and hell will be swallowed up forever. Then we shall be incorruptible and immortal in our bodies. To corrupt means to decay. How can a spirit decay? David said in psalm 16:10 that the lord would not leave his (David's soul) in Sheol and would not allow His Holy One(Christ) to see corruption. Not corruption of the spirit but of the body. He makes it clear in the scripture as well as elsewhere, that there is a difference between he and Christ for he said the lord said to My lord sit thou on my right hand. Again, "thou will not leave MY soul in sheol (Tartarus = prison)nor allow YOUR Holy One to see corruption. He also says in the same scripture v.9, my flesh shall rest in hope. So then, if his soul is in the grave with his body, how can it be in sheol (prison) while his flesh rests/sleeps? Christ, having died once, dies no more because he has been resurrected in both spirit and body. Rom 6:4-10. Furthermore, once he gave up the ghost the scripture says that the temple veil was rent in two and the graves were opened and many of the BODIES of the saints who slept arose...and appeared unto many. Matt. 27:51-53 Again, Jesus, risen from the dead, was the firstfruit of them that slept. Notice they slept in past tense which means they no longer sleep. So, where are they and How can this be? Well, he did descend and lead captivity captive. Ephes. 4:8-9 For the spirit of the Lord was upon Him to preach deliverance to the captives. Luke 4:18 Where were these captives? According to Ephesians 4:9 they were in the lower parts of the earth. I Peter 3:19 tells us specifically that they were in prison because they were sometimes disobedient. Remember, the blood of animals could not wash away sin, only cover it; therefore, the devil had a legal right to those before Christ, regardless of how righteous they were. We know he had this legal right because Isaiah 14:17 reveals him as the man (spirit) that openeth not the house of his prisoners. He was the same one who disputed over Moses' body. Now, if these captives were fallen angelic beings as some believe, then how could they live to God in the spirit though they be judged as if they were still in the flesh? I Pet. 4:6. Peter tells us that this is the reason why the gospel was preached to them for it did not exist prior to the ministry of Christ. The scripture says that the gospel was ALSO preached to the dead. So then, this implies it was preached to the dead as well as the living - that they may be judged according to the new covenant in which the blood sacrifice was perfect.
(Act 4:10 KJV) Be it known unto you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole.
3. Now to Verse 19, after being raised back from the dead to life, did Jesus speak to the spirits in prison.
(20) But now Christ has come back from the dead. He is the very first person of those who have died to come back to life.
At death, everything goes into reverse. Eccl 12:7 "and the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it." NIV The body returns to the earth, while the spirit returns to God. There are two different entities that makes up a human being: his spirit (sometimes called the soul, see the book of Revelation) and his body. Each of these entities takes a different path at death. One goes to the ground and the other goes to God.
God's Word tells us that our body is the house in which our spirit lives.
Our body is just the dwelling place of our spirit. Just like people's houses are just temporary places to live in, and after a while they may move to another dwelling, so is the case with our bodies. On earth it is our dwelling. When we die we leave that dwelling behind and move on to our "heavenly dwelling".
Stephen's last words (the first Christian martyr) were very similar: Acts 7:59 While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." NIV He was not looking forward to an unconscious existence. He awaited the immediate fellowship with His Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ.
God is not to be mocked. He is the God of the living and Jesus promised we would never die. How? Our physical body may die, but our spirit lives on to be with Jesus in heaven!
At the present time, the immaterial side (the soul and spirit) of those who die, those who have turned to God in repentance through faith in Christ Jesus (THATS ME), and those who have died having never reached the age of accountability, go to be with the Lord in heaven (2 Corinthians 5:7). At a future date in time, their body (a glorified body which will never grow old get sick or die) will be resurrected and their body, soul and spirit will once more be reunited (1 Corinthians 15).
The immaterial side (the soul and spirit) of those who die at this time having reached the age of accountability, yet having never turned to God in repentance through faith in Christ Jesus (NOT ME), go to Hades (the area of the unrighteous dead). They (along with all of the unrighteous dead throughout time) await the resurrection of their bodies, at which time, their bodies, souls, and spirits will once more reunited. At that time, each will all stand before Christ Jesus in judgment of their sin, and their degree of punishment for all eternity, in the lake of fire, will be determined (Revelation 20:11-15). The Spirit or the soul cannot and will not die, its everylasting. This is my understanding as I read and study my Bible, and if the translation is off, it really don't matter cause only God knows my heart. Please understand God don't look at the clothes on your back are the shoes on your feet, its not what your drink or what you eat, its in your Heart where he gets his treat.
This is good but I moved it over here where its more on topic. Try to stay on topic.
Robert, you quoted Ecc 12:7.
(7) Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
Are you saying, that a person could receive eternal life before Jesus Christ came?
You also say the soul cannot die, then how do you see these verses?
(4) Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.
I agree about us being tri-part beings, but there's a lot of translation issues here. See ch.9 for a discussion about soul and spirit. There is certainly a temporary state for the dead before the resurrection, and alot of disagreement here. In many verses the dead are said to be "sleeping", but the dead are never depicted as sleeping. In the next chapter I offer an explanation that sleeping is a euphemism for death, and that the dead are asleep to us, meaning the living. They are separated until they are brought back into the world at Jesus' return.
I’m currently studying 2 Corinthians chapter 5 related to the subject of heavens vs. heaven. Up front, I believe that the dead bodies sleep awaiting the two resurrections, and the soul, awake, goes to either Hades/Sheol or Paradise. The soul exists, awake, to see things (Abraham, John 8:48-59) to speak (Able, Hebrews 11:4), (Tribulation Saints Rev 6:9-11) have conversations (Abraham, Lazarus, rich man, Luke 16:19-31), appear and talk, (Moses and Elijah, Matt 17:1-9), (Samuel and Saul, 1 Samuel 28:7-19) and to sing (Great Tribulation Saints, Rev 15:1-4). Paradise being where Paul, or someone he knew, went to and is the same place our Lord was referring to with the man at His execution (Luke 23:43). Paradise, the Bosom of Abraham (Luke 16:22) and the Sea of Glass (Rev 4:6, 15:2) seem to be the only other places we find souls inhabiting that are not in Hades/Sheol. I lean towards Paradise and the Bosom of Abraham being different but very similar or possibly they are the same place. Then the Sea of Glass seems like a new place specifically for the tribulation and great tribulation saints.
Yeshua said to his followers let the dead bury the dead so I think some are dead and some are asleep like Stephen. the ones that are asleep are part of the 1st resurrection the dead are part of the second resurrection, He will appear in his body and we will see his piercings, souls can not grind their teeth so there must be body's I think the ones that do his work are the true saints that are with him because he says he has heard their moaning and how much longer must we wait. being of low education I shake my head at some of the answers theologians give in response to these and many other questions asked of them, As if we need them to tell us, for god is my teacher, eyes that cannot see ears that can not hear if you do right in Yeshua u will see and hear more than any educated Christian will ever see or hear I love the word because when so called pastors claim things I look at the word and if it don't line up with scripture I try to show them it, mostly they go of at me and say I have been doing this most of my life what would know I've got degrees, to which I say he does not change today tomorrow or yesterday, just like the rapture if you can see its after the tibulation not before, he never done it in the past so why do people think he will do it in the future!
From an Orthodox Christian Perspective, the Orthodox Church since the time of the Apostles has consistently seen the consensus of the Church Fathers ad understanding the departed in Christ go to Paradise to consciously and joyfully await the resurrection, receiving a foretaste of their reward, while those rejecting Christ go to Hades awaiting Hell, receiving a foretaste of their punishment. This is the correct faith. soul sleep is a heresy.
Saul try if he thought samuel was unconscious or did not exist.
Athanasius, I am familiar with some of the eastern orthodox teachings and I know they take a more biblical approach to issues of the afterlife.
I personally wouldn't go as far as labeling soul sleep a heresy. As much as its true that a person has a soul that lives on, the soul is also only a vestige of the person.
When we look at how the dead are portrayed in the bible, such as with Samuel, they certainly seem conscious and know who they are, but there is some room for interpretation here. We don't know how they perceive time or the world or what their thoughts are like. Maybe they can be more stirred up at some times than others, as Samuel even chastises Saul for disturbing him.
In the case of Luke 16 I can certainly see the rich man as communicating with Abraham in a dream like state. He lifts his eyes and doesn't seem to have much freedom or strength. In the case of Lazarus, the idea of Paradise conveys a sense of comfort and relief like in a womb, without a lot of change or excitement. In Revelation 6.11 it says they should "rest" for a season.
So I'm not defending soul sleep, but there are variations of soul sleep and the idea of an immortal soul that is exactly like a living person isn't right either.
What are your thoughts regarding John 14:1-3 as to the timings of events implied? Especially verse 3.
In verse 3 Jesus is specifically telling the disciples that He is going to prepare a place for them.
He then specifically tells them that He will come again, and receive them unto Himself.
So...that where He is, they may be also.
I have always had a difficult time reconciling this (the simple, straight-forward Words of Jesus) with other passages of scripture that do seem to depict souls/spirits in Heaven with Jesus PRIOR to His return.
If we are indeed already in Heaven with Him immediately upon death then this passage does not make sense as we know Jesus has not yet returned (come again) to receive us unto Himself.
Also, let's mention the "other" Lazarus, brother of Mary and Martha who died and Jesus raised as depicted in John chapter 11. What was the state of his body, soul and spirit for those 4 days? We KNOW where his body was but what about his soul and spirit? One would think he would have quite a story to tell after that event but scripture is dead silent on Lazarus after he was raised other than that the Jews wanted to kill him because he was a walking example of one of Jesus' miracles.
I do not have a definitive answer for any of this myself but "sleep" until the big moment, "the twinkling of an eye" sure seems to fit and make more sense in MOST instances.
Also, 1st Thessalonians 4:13-17 references those that "sleep in the Lord" three times. And almost in a sense of "fairness" this passage seems to imply that no one who had died has had a head start on being with the Lord, but rather, "For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord."
So finally...NOW after this event, "So shall we ever be with the Lord".
Full circle....this 1st Thessalonian passage then fully supports and backs up the John 14:1-3 passage.
He went and prepared a place for us.
He received us unto Himself.
So...that where He is, there we may be also.
If we go to be with Jesus at death BEFORE any of this happens then these passages do not make a lick of sense logically or scripturally.
God Bless our efforts to better understand His Word and I do enjoy the "iron sharpening iron" that goes on here.
Hi JohnG, those are good tough questions relating to soul sleep. I will try to answer them as best I can.
Regarding John 14.1-3. This passage might be seem to be supporting soul sleep, or at least that the saints don't go to heaven. However its message is deeper and relates more to the nature of the resurrection.
What Jesus is talking about here is his return and the resurrection. Part of the nature of the resurrection is a coming back into the world. When Jesus returns he will gather the saints to him to reign forever. This isn't as much a literal gathering as it is a spiritual rising up to an inheritance in the Kingdom. So there are many places or houses with Jesus that the saints will occupy within the eternal Kingdom.
Here are some scriptures that help explain this, "And he said unto her, What wilt thou? She saith unto him, Grant that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right hand, and the other on the left, in thy kingdom" (Matthew 20:21 KJV).
This request doesn't relate to heaven now. Its in the future and relates to the "places" in the Kingdom when Jesus returns.
It's not that the saints are literally awakened or brought back into consciousness when Jesus returns, but that they're brought back into the world. This is why 1st Corinthians 15 says we shall not all sleep, but all will be changed, meaning alive or departed there's a change that takes place. The change involves being received as the bride, and having a new place in the world.
This is also what 1st Thess 4.13-17 is talking about, "For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep"
It says that the ones who sleep in Jesus, God will bring with him. They return with Jesus (from heaven), but are still gathered to him in the resurrection. Verse 16 says they rise up first, but this isn't a literal reanimation out of the ground. There's some deep mysteries being expressed here relating to the "receiving" of the bride, and being forever united with the Lord.
Moving on, we have the meaning of the dead being asleep. Its not implying unconsciousness, or that the soul stays in the ground. Rather it's implying that they're asleep to the world. A sleeping person still exists, they're just departed and disconnected from us, but still alive (please see the next chapter for more about why the bible describes the dead as being asleep). As 1st Thess 4 explains they're coming back into the world to reign.
Lastly, I've heard this idea before that Lazarus must have been asleep before Jesus brought him back. How do we know that people didn't ask him what it was like to be dead? Maybe Lazarus did explain it. Maybe the state of the dead wasn't as important an issue as it is nowadays?
There's tons of examples in the scripture where we are left hanging and wishing there was more explanation. This one isn't even at the top of my list. Further most people were illiterate back then and it was very expensive and time consuming to record and preserve things. It's not like nowadays where everyone gets a book deal.
We're blessed to have the New Testament. Often the things that seem at first like contradictions are deep revelations. Its also these slogans about "going to heaven forever" that make things like the resurrection harder for people to grasp. God bless.
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Mexico is an extremely dangerous country. The main challenge facing Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Mexico's new president, is to stop the killing of so many of the nation's citizens. Unfortunately, nothing has changed so far.
The number of killings in Mexico is comparable only to that found in war zones, or in Venezuela, where the government promotes violence against its opponents and controls motorcycle-riding paramilitary groups called 'colectivos.' Women in Mexico, where most female homicides go unpunished, face an astonishingly high risk of violence, particularly those living in Ecatepec or Tijuana. The country remains one of the most dangerous in the world for journalists.
Murders during the Peña Nieto administration, the deadliest in the country's modern history, surpassed the 104,089 killed during the previous presidency of Felipe Calderón. Alarmingly, even though these leaders came from different political parties, their approach to curbing violence was the same; neither had learned from the mistakes of the past. And unsurprisingly, the outcome of their policies was also the same: more death.
The violence has only continued under AMLO (as López Obrador is often known). During his first three months in office, 8,524 Mexicans have been killed - 2,875 in December, 2,853 in January and 2,796 in February.
Still it would be unfair to title this column 'AMLO's Deaths.' López Obrador isn't responsible for the mess he inherited from his predecessors. However, that doesn't change the fact that the killings haven't stopped, or that a new president with new ideas can't magically stop them.
What's particularly discouraging is that if this level of violence continues through 2019, the first year of López Obrador's presidency could be the deadliest in Mexico's modern history, surpassing any year during the Peña Nieto or Calderón administrations.
López Obrador, as we know, has plans to set up a new 'National Guard' to fight crime and drug trafficking. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, recently agreed to advise the Mexican government in this effort (though the debate continues as to whether the new guard will have an explicitly civilian or military character).
What worries me, though, is that there is neither a short-term strategy to stop the murders nor a Plan B if the National Guard doesn't work out as planned. Until the National Guard becomes fully operational in a couple of years, are Mexicans supposed to simply accept the fact that their country is one of the most violent in the Americas? What are they supposed to do in the meantime?
Not all Mexicans are lucky enough to be protected by government agents or troops, like former presidents are. I get it: Few things would destabilize the country more than an attack on a former president. Even so, the security they are granted only makes it clear that in Mexico there are still first-class citizens - and everybody else.
López Obrador has made many big promises, and his pledge to fight corruption is the most radical of all. But even if he manages to fulfill most of them, Mexicans won't forgive him if he fails to deliver on crime. That's the major issue facing Mexico's young democracy.
We don't want to be murdered. Is that too much to ask?
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The sediments of a deep-sea hypersaline and sulfidic Mediterranean basin have yielded an unexpected discovery, the first multicellular animals living entirely without oxygen. Reported by Danovaro et al. in BMC Biology, these three new species of Loricifera add a new and remarkable dimension to anoxic ecosystems previously thought to support only unicellular life.
Few environments on earth lack life in some form; microbes appear to be ubiquitous, with a presence from the atmosphere to the deep subsurface ocean . But extreme settings often lack multicelluar organisms. Some of the most extreme environments on earth can be found in the deep ocean. Excessively high salinities in brine pools, toxic sulfide levels within methane seep sediments, high metal concentrations in hydrothermal vent fluids, high pressures at the bottom of trenches, and anoxic sediments in isolated basins and midwater oxygen minimum zones are examples. Prokaryotic organisms (without nuclei) are known to inhabit all of these settings, and single-cell eukaryotic organisms (protozoa), most noticeably ciliates and foraminifera, are also recorded in most extreme deep-sea environments. Anoxic and dysoxic environments in particular host a reduced diversity of protozoans . These protozoans have a range of adaptations that often involve symbioses and the ability to store and respire nitrate, although most taxa that do this appear to be facultative anaerobes . To date, however, no one has found metazoans capable of living and reproducing entirely in the absence of oxygen. This has changed with the discovery by Danovaro et al. of viable loriciferans in a hypersaline, anoxic basin of the Mediterranean Sea.
Loricifera are small (< 1 mm), exclusively marine meiofauna that belong to a relatively recently described marine phylum. Although there are only 22 described species, they have been recorded from a broad range of depths and settings ranging from shallow, coastal waters to methane seeps and hydrothermal vents, to the Izu-Ogasawara trench off Japan [7, 8]. Loriciferans are an unlikely candidate for the honor of being the first anoxy-philic metazoan. Low-oxygen sediments have been studied extensively and loriciferans are rarely reported . Whether they were overlooked or are exceedingly rare and thus not sampled is unclear. Perhaps scientists have been looking for them in all the wrong places. In the L'Atalante Basin the loriciferans were sampled with other metazoans (copepods and nematodes) but Danovaro et al., using a protein binding stain, fluorogenic probes, and radiolabel uptake experiments, determined that only the loriciferans were alive and metabolically active at the time of collection. They found not one, but three new species of Loricifera, living at the highest densities ever reported for this group. Some of the individuals contained a single large oocyte, and empty moults were also present, providing strong evidence that these populations are reproducing in place under anoxic conditions.
Why is this finding important? These metazoans have had to cope with multiple physiological stresses - extreme salinity, toxic sulfide levels and the absence of oxygen. Evolving adaptations to any one of these would be a challenge. Clues to the success of the Loricifera found by Danovaro et al. may lie in part with the ultrastructure of their cells. Their mitochondria have been replaced with hydrogenosome-like structures, organelles that apparently evolved from mitochondria and are only previously known from protozoans inhabiting anaerobic environments. The additional presence of rod-shaped structures in close proximity to the hydrogenosome-like organelles raises questions about microbial symbioses, perhaps evolved from associations with Archaea. That Archaea might play a role in adaptation to anoxia would not be surprising. They are the masters at harnessing energy in anoxic environments and apparently act in association with hydrogenosomes inside ciliates , which themselves may be symbionts . If such an association occurred directly in the cells of marine metazoans, without a protozoan intermediary, this would be very exciting indeed!
The findings by Danovaro et al. may at first glance seem to be idiosyncratic, relevant only to an unusual set of environmental conditions. But there are major implications here that extend beyond the specifics of this study. Perhaps most apparent is that the deep sea remains full of novel ecological settings which have yet to be studied, and in some cases they have yet to be discovered. When they are found, and scientists look carefully, they nearly always find previously undescribed eukaryotic species with novel adaptations and metabolic pathways. Often these form completely new assemblages or ecosystems. Chemosynthetic communities at hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are outstanding examples . The three loriciferan species documented by Danovaro et al., representing three genera, form another unique assemblage.
What does it mean to have metazoans inhabiting anoxic environments? As exploration of low-oxygen settings has intensified, it has become apparent that metazoan life can persist at very low oxygen levels of only a few micromolar per kg. In such settings metazoans can play important functional roles in the recycling, bioturbation and burial of carbon and nitrogen [13, 14, 5]. Often the key to their success appears to be association with epibiotic or endosymbiotic bacteria [13, 15]. But the symbiotic bacteria are oxidizers that require at least some oxygen. With the discoveries of Danovaro et al. it appears that metazoans can live where oxygen is absent. The L'Atalante Basin loriciferans join a select group of foraminiferans and ciliates in achieving an obligate, anaerobic existence.
Are there more metazoan taxa out there that can live without oxygen? Almost certainly. The finding by Danovaro et al. offers the tantalizing promise of metazoan life in other anoxic settings, for example in the subsurface ocean beneath hydrothermal vents or subduction zones or in other anoxic basins. Good places to look might be the Cariaco Basin and the Black Sea, as well as the many borderland basins off southern California and Baja California. The finding of several new rotifer species, taxa rare in open water or deep marine settings, in deep sulfidic sediment layers at methane seeps points to another meiofaunal group with possible adaptations to anaerobic existence.
Are there metazoans on other planets with atmospheres different from our own? Our ability to answer this question would be strengthened considerably by more intensive studies of animal - microbe interactions in extreme settings of our own inner space - the deep ocean.
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Why the Patriarch of Alexandria Bears the Title "Judge of the Universe"
Theophilos II was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 1010 to 1020. For most of his patriarchate he lived in exile in Constantinople due to the fierce persecutions in Egypt by the Islamic Fatimid Caliph Al Hakim. During this persecution, many Christians became Muslims or sought refuge in other countries, but in the latter part of the reign of Caliph Al Hakim, he allowed unwilling Christian and Jewish converts to Islam to return to their faith and rebuild their ruined houses of worship.
While in Constantinople, Patriarch Theophilos intervened in a dispute between Emperor Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer (975-1025) and Ecumenical Patriarch Sergios II of Constantinople (999-1019). The dispute was as follows: Sergios II became patriarch during the time that the institution of charistikion was actively used within the empire. Charistikion was a practice wherein the donation (charistike dorea) of monasteries to private individuals was made supposedly to support the operation of monasteries, but in actuality was used by the wealthy gentry to gain income. This practice was strongly supported by Emperor Basil for which his law Peri ton dynaton had been enacted. The institution of charistikion was not popular among the hierarchy and was challenged by Sergios' predecessor Patriarch Sisinnios II. After he came to the see of Constantinople in 999, Patriarch Sergios continued to resist the charistike dorea. However, as Emperor Basil refused to repeal his law, Patriarch Sergios II resumed its use in 1016.
On account of this reconciliation between two ecumenical leaders that was due to the intervention of Patriarch Theophilos, the Patriarchate of Alexandria was given the title of "Judge of the Universe", with the added privilege of wearing a second stole, known as the stole of judgement (Kritato). The Patriarch of Alexandria continues to bear this title and wear two stoles till today (as seen in the photo above of the current Patriarch of Alexandria, Theodoros II).
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Here are the answer and explanation to yesterday’s practice question. As always, let us know if you have any questions!
The social psychology concept of cognitive dissonance explains many of people’s otherwise inexplicable attitudes and actions. According to this theory, people often unconsciously alter their perceptions and evaluations of “reality” to protect their preconceptions or to adjust to changing circumstances. For example, someone who believes that men have more financial aptitude than women is likely to spot more errors on a balance sheet if told it was prepared by a woman than if told it was prepared by a man. And someone worried about the dangers of radiation from a proposed nuclear power plant to be built in his community may actually become less concerned if the plant is built and he is unable to move from the area.
Which of the following would be the best example with which to continue the passage?
Someone who had opposed school integration may come to accept or even favor it after her child is forced to attend an integrated school.
A traveling salesperson who is terrified of flying may continue to subject himself to this frightening experience if his job demands it.
A brother and sister who dislike each other may disguise their feelings around their parents to avoid being punished.
Folk wisdom about sour grapes and the grass being greener on the other side of the fence provides a commonsense corollary to this theory.
Although some prisoners who tell their parole boards that they have recognized the error of their ways may be lying to gain an early release, others may have genuinely accepted their punishment and its implications.
(A) is the credited response.
Because (according to the two examples) cognitive dissonance involves an attitudinal change to adjust to existing circumstances, the correct alternative will reflect such a change, as in (A).
salesperson continues to be terrified of flying, and the brother and sister have hidden rather than changed their attitudes.
(D) is incorrect. (D) is not appropriate because, although the idea of sour grapes may correspond to the theory of cognitive dissonance, the second piece of folk wisdom does not. According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, the grass would be greener on one’s own side of the fence.
(E) is incorrect. (E) is not the best answer because it does not explain “otherwise inexplicable attitudes and actions.” Here, there are at least two explanations for the prisoner’s behavior, and neither is a result of an unconscious alteration of perceptions.
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The monarch population has declined by 90% in the last few decades. Due to this decline in their numbers, they are now almost considered an endangered species. To help combat this issue, you can follow these tips.
1. Plant host plants- host plants are where butterflies lay their eggs. After the eggs, hatch and the caterpillars emerge these host plants are their first and only food source until they complete the metamorphosis process and become butterflies.
2. Plant continuously flowering native plants- Once the metamorphosis process is complete and the adult butterflies emerge, they are going to need a food source. This food source is nectar from flowering plants. Planting a mix of flowers that bloom from spring thru the fall helps ensure there is a food source available for the butterflies. All nectar is not created equally. Area specific, native plants are preferred.
3. Discontinue the use of herbicides and pesticides- Using these chemicals puts the caterpillars and butterflies at risk. Pesticides kill the insects while the herbicides kill native plants.
4. Provide shelter- Planting shrubs or patches of taller flowers gives the butterflies a place to hide from predators and escape bad weather. Also, they can rest and bathe in the sun.
5. Puddling- Provide an area for puddling. Puddling is the process of drinking and extracting the minerals from the muddy water. Combine sand, dirt, organic compost and water to create the ideal mud, puddling pool.
Following these tips, we can help alter the fate of the monarchs and other butterflies.
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How crucial is to locate cheap domains?
One of the most crucial preconditions for establishing a successful Internet presence is the domain. It is what people will observe first when they chance upon your site and what they will associate you with. The domain should be easy to memorize, but should also be something that informs your website's visitors what the website is about.
A domain as a rule is composed of 2 fragments - a Top-Level Domain Name (TLD) and a Second-Level Domain (SLD). If you have domain.com, for example, ".com" is the Top-Level Domain Name and "domain" is the SLD. There are several categories of Top-Level Domain Names that you should consider prior to picking the domain name you want. Your pick should be built upon the intention of your web site and on its target audience. Let's scrutinize the gTLDs, or generic TLDs - these are the most common Top-Level Domain Names aimed to denote a particular purpose - .com (commercial establishments), .net (network infrastructures), .biz (corporations), .info (informational web sites), .org (organizations), .mobi (mobile devices), .asia (the Asia-Pacific region), .name (individuals or relatives), .pro (particular professions), and so on. As you can see, these Top-Level Domain Names cover most realms of life, so you should choose the one that would depict the intention of your web site best. There is no restriction as to who can register such domains, but some of them involve additional procedures to verify that you qualify to register such a Top-Level Domain Name (.mobi and .pro, for instance).
The ccTLDs, or country-code Top-Level Domain Names, are country-specific Top-Level Domains. Each country has its own ccTLD. Settling on such a domain is good if your target group of site visitors is from a given country. Many guys would elect to buy commodities or services from a local site, and if your target is Canada, for instance, opting for a .ca Top-Level Domain Name could boost the visits to your web page.
You can register a number of TLDs, which can forward your site's visitors to a certain website like domain.com, for instance. This would boost the traffic and decrease the risk of someone stealing your web page visitors by using the same SLD with a different Top-Level Domain - if you are not utilizing a trademark.
Each and every Top-Level Domain has domain records. The name server records (NS records, a.k.a. DNS records) indicate where the domain name is hosted, in other words they point to the hosting firm whose name servers (NSs, a.k.a. DNSs) it is utilizing at present. You can replace the name servers of your domain whenever you like. You can have your domain name registered with one firm and get the site hosting service itself from another. In this way, if you register your domain name and discover decent website hosting packages someplace else at a later time, you can point your domain to the current provider's name servers right away.
In general, as long as your domain uses a certain pair of NSs, all its records will point to the same web space hosting firm. Some hosting distributors, though, permit you to modify specific domain records, like the A records and the MX records of your domain. The A record is an Internet Protocol address, which details on which web hosting server your website is located, whereas the MX records reveal which hosting server tackles the e-mailbox accounts associated with your domain name. For example, if you hire a new web page designer and he develops an .ASP web site that will be situated on his private Windows web hosting server, you may desire to change solely the Internet Protocol address (the A record) but not the MX records of your domain name. Thus, www.domain.com will direct to the Windows server, but your mail address accounts or any sub-domains such as forum.domain.com or shop.domain.com will still be in your present Linux web space hosting account. The .ASP environment is designed by Microsoft and necessitates a Windows server, although a Linux web hosting server would be far more stable.
Just a few web hosting companies permit you to modify particular domain name server records and quite frequently this an additional paid service. With Free Hostia , you have a wide array of Top-Level Domains to select from and you can edit all records or redirect the domains using a forwarding tool at no added cost. Because of that, 'Free Hostia' would be your finest pick when it comes to administering your domain and to establishing a successful presence on the web.
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Portugal i/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation-state.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded western influence and established a global empire that included possessions in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America, becoming the world's major economic, political and military global power. The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history, and also the longest lived of the European colonial empires, spanning almost 600 years, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415, to the handover of Macau to China in 1999. However, the country's international status was greatly reduced during the 19th century, especially following the independence of Brazil, its largest colony.
Portugal is a developed country with a very high Human Development Index, the world's 19th-highest quality-of-life, and a strong healthcare system. Portugal is one of the world's most globalized and peaceful nations: a member of the European Union and the United Nations, and a founding member of the Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States, OECD, NATO, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Eurozone and the Schengen Agreement.
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Who goes to German Pegida 'anti-Islamisation' rallies?
Every Monday since October big "anti-Islamisation" rallies have been staged in Dresden, eastern Germany, by a new grassroots organisation Pegida.
The numbers attending have grown, but so have counter-demonstrations by Germans alarmed by what they see as Islamophobia and who want to defend tolerance and diversity.
The terror attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine in Paris may boost support for Pegida, amid fear and anger over Islamist violence.
It stands for "Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West" (in German: Patriotische Europaer Gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes).
Pegida supporters say people need to "wake up" to the threat from Islamist extremists. They want Germany to curb immigration, accusing the authorities of failing to enforce existing laws.
A record 25,000 attended the Pegida march in Dresden on 12 January.
Yet Dresden has far fewer immigrants than many other German cities.
Image caption Pegida march in Dresden: The slogan says "Saxony remains German"
Among the slogans at the rallies is "wir sind das Volk" (we are the people) - a deliberate echo of the anti-communist citizens' marches in former East Germany in 1989.
Pegida says it is defending "Judeo-Christian" values and its 19-point manifesto avoids racist language. It is against "preachers of hate, regardless of what religion" and against "radicalism, whether religiously or politically motivated".
It is against "anti-women political ideology that emphasises violence" but "not against integrated Muslims living here".
It challenges what it sees as liberal political correctness and multiculturalism in Germany - the values that dominated West German politics after World War Two.
It was launched as a Facebook group by Lutz Bachmann, 41, a chef-turned-graphic designer who insists that he is not racist. He has admitted to past criminal convictions, including for drug-dealing, and has spent time in jail.
The numbers swelled through social media, and soon the group attracted right-wing followers from some established political parties.
It has attracted a variety of right-wing and far-right groups, as well as ordinary citizens who worry about conservative Islam and its impact on German society. Supporters are generally fed up with establishment politicians.
Some neo-Nazi groups have praised Pegida. At the rallies some demonstrators have shouted "press liars!" at journalists - a phrase harking back to the Nazis.
Members of Alternative for Germany (AfD) - a new right-wing anti-euro party which also wants tougher immigration controls - support Pegida too. An AfD leader, Alexander Gauland, called Pegida supporters natural political allies.
AfD has members in some regional parliaments in Germany and may woo voters away from Chancellor Angela Merkel's ruling centre-right Christian Democrats.
Some Germans have made long journeys to attend the Dresden rallies, and Pegida has also staged smaller rallies in other cities. Football hooligans linked to the far-right scene have also joined Pegida marches.
A Pegida march was due to be held in Oslo, Norway, on 12 January. And Pegida followers plan marches in Denmark in a week's time.
German mainstream politicians have criticised Pegida and thousands of Germans have joined counter-demonstrations to show support for tolerance and multiculturalism.
About 35,000 people rallied against Pegida in Dresden on 10 January, anxious to show that the city was open and tolerant.
In her New Year address Chancellor Merkel urged citizens to shun Pegida: "Do not follow people who organise these rallies, for their hearts are cold and often full of prejudice, and even hate."
Politicians and celebrities signed a petition in Bild, Germany's biggest-selling daily, to protest against Pegida. They included ex-Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and retired footballer Oliver Bierhoff.
The petition said "no" to xenophobia and "yes" to diversity and tolerance.
On 5 January the anti-Pegida demonstrations were massive - crowds thronged the streets of Cologne, Stuttgart and Berlin.
There were dramatic gestures of support for the marchers: the lights of Cologne Cathedral were switched off, as were the lights at the Volkswagen plant in Dresden.
Why is Islam an issue in Germany now?
German politicians have long been among the most vocal in Europe in support of tolerance and diversity.
That spirit of openness was partly a reaction against the evils of Nazism.
But in the 21st Century jihadist violence and urban deprivation have provided fertile ground for anti-immigration groups.
Even before Pegida's emergence, the wearing of Muslim headscarves in schools had already become a political issue. Many German states have banned teachers from wearing headscarves.
A recent Bertelsmann Foundation survey suggested that 57% of non-Muslim Germans consider Islam a threat.
Last year Germany received more than 180,000 asylum claims - compared with 127,000 in 2013. Germany accommodates more asylum seekers than any other European country. In areas with large immigrant communities there is often more pressure on housing and social services.
Germany's ethnic Turkish community is the largest immigrant group, numbering about three million, and most are Muslims. Many have lived in Germany for decades and many are well integrated.
But among the new asylum seekers are many Muslim refugees from war-torn Syria and Iraq. Muslim Chechens and Afghans have also sought refuge in Germany.
Pegida supporters believe that immigration and national identity are issues too long neglected by politicians - so they are trying to raise public awareness.
But there is anxiety now that, in the wake of the Charlie Hebdo atrocity, such marches may stir up Islamophobia.
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Join a team of high-caliber ML engineers developing a platform to train neural networks for use in scientific fields. We are a vision AI company using deep learning to double the research output of some of the world's most important laboratories by visually understanding science experiments in real-time. Our office is in front of Victoria station. We value our engineering above all else.
At Compound, our goal is to create financial infrastructure that is used for the next hundred years. As our 1st SRE, you will own our systems and infrastructure from project idea through implementation collaborating with a small team of 4. Come help define the future of Compound’s engineering organization. Join us https://compound.finance/jobs we'd love to tell you more.
We are Contractbook, we digitalise the legal industry. Contractbook provides efficient contract management for modern businesses. We are a SaaS product allowing to create, sign and store contracts in one safe place. We are looking for a new team member with medium amount of experience building web applications using Elixir.
Experience with Elixir. Ideally, you have developed Elixir applications for production use but that is not a requirement. Knowledge about caching strategies, message queues and service-oriented architectures. Knowledge of setting up and managing Linux servers for your projects. Experience with deployment tooling, monitoring, alerting, dashboard visualisations, load testing or live system debugging.
We have a passionate and highly engaged team based mainly in East Africa and we are looking to quickly grow the Barcelona team to speed-up the growth and make sure we can build exciting verticals on the SafeBoda platform. We're searching for engineers who are looking for the opportunity to work for an international company, as well as the challenge of being an early member of our Barcelona team.
We are looking to hire a full-time Elixir developer to work on the Exthereum client (https://www.github.com/exthereum/blockchain and https://www.gitter.im/exthereum/exthereum).
We're looking for someone with expertise to help take us from our current nebulous Perl codebase with a smattering of other things in its orbit all the way to an Erlang/Elixir stateful application that will be blazing fast. Your dreams should include: Clean code that others can read and work with easily To be like Joe, Mike or Robert, from Erlang the movie.
Toyota Connected is looking for Software Engineers who will participate in the design, development, implementation, testing and documentation of large-scale, distributed software applications, systems and services. You will engineer global-scale applications and services that will enable users to engage with their vehicles in never-before-seen ways.
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Have you ever thought which jobs are the most common for athletes after they finish playing career?
The following are some of the most common post-paying careers.
Many athletes after playing career want to stay in the sport. Some of them became coaches and the sports managers. The talented and successful players mostly became the coaches.
With vast experience in the sport, moving to the front office after playing seems like a logical transition for many athletes. Many of them all around the world went one step further, not just helping run a team, but in fact, owning a piece of it.
Starting a business requires capital that depends on the magnitude of the job you intend to venture into. With savings accrued from being a pro athlete, you can start a business of your choice.
Former athletes make the best sports analysts because they see the game through a different lens than fans. They’ve been in the meeting rooms, broken down film, dissected opponents and can lend that expertise to the viewers at home.
Acting is a cool high-profile after-retirement career, but generally, only well-known athletes are able to parlay their on-field talents to the screen.
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(1981/Rockhouse) 17 tracks, studio tracks from 1981 and live tracks from 1978!
Unlike the classic rockabilly stars of Sun's Golden era, Carl Mann was a kid when he first set foot in that legendary studio at 706 Union Avenue. Elvis? He was just six months shy of his 20th birthday. Johnny Cash? An old man pushing 23. Carl Perkins? The same ancient age as Cash. Roy Orbison? A cool 20. Jerry Lee? He had just had his 21st birthday. Charlie Rich? In his 26th year. All old men. Geezers. It's a wonder they could open their guitar cases or make it to the piano without assistance. At least, compared to Carl Mann. Mann was just over 16.
Now don't get us wrong. Rock 'n' roll was supposed to be young people's music. The further away the adults stayed, the more legitimate the music sounded. Just ask Frankie Lymon and Paul Anka. Lymon was barely 13 when he and his pals from the Bronx recorded Why Do Fools Fall In Love. And Anka was no older than Carl Mann when Diana hit the charts in 1957. In fact, they were just the same age as teen idol Fabian when he scored with Turn Me Loose in early 1959.
So what's the big deal about age? Who said 16 is too young to make records? The answer can be summarized in two words: Sun Records. Sun and Sam Phillips worked differently than the rest of the industry. Or at least the part of it that was self-consciously concerned with marketing teen idols. There's two separate parts to that observation. Recording artists were becoming younger as companies strove to match the age of their artists to the age of the audience buying their records. Then there's the 'marketing' part. It hadn't happened yet, but within several years the record industry would see the era of the 'Bobbys' – best remembered today for their palatable whitebread music and squeaky-clean good looks. If the Bobbys could sing – which was debatable in the case of someone like Fabian, then so much the better. The important thing was these guys would look well-groomed and pretty on television and on picture sleeve 45s. The Bobbys were manufactured for success, a forerunner of what is today referred to as 'inauthentic' music. This has come to refer to an endless stream of fourteen-year old singers or Boy Bands on major labels, whose appearance, wardrobe and music are first tested on focus groups and then saturation-marketed like any commodity to children by multi-national corporations. Arguably, much of this movement away from 'authentic music' (that Sun used to specialize in) began with or had its most conspicuous roots in the Bobby era nearly 50 years earlier. Spend an afternoon in a record store in a middle-American mall and you'll see and hear the direct descendants of the Bobbys, two generations removed.
In any case, the point is simply that, relative to Sun Records, Carl Mann was a young artist. Maybe not young in comparison to what was happening in the industry at large, but certainly young by Sam and Sun standards. In fact, it's possible that other than the dreaded Sherry Crane, Maggie Sue Wimberly or later artists like Tony Rossine (Sun 349) and Ira Lichterman (Sun 351), nobody younger than Carl ever appeared on a Sun or Phillips International label. Sun had been a front-runner in hybridizing country and R&B, but they were admirably behind the pack in adapting to the teenage demands of the marketplace. With Dion singing Teenager In Love, Ricky Nelson singing A Teenager's Romance, it was clear who was keeping the cash registers ringing.
This was not the way Sam Phillips did business in his little Memphis-based empire – at least not around the time that Carl Mann first came to town. There was no search for marginally-talented pretty boys. When you walked into Sun for an audition, it helped if you were holding some kind of musical instrument. It didn't hurt if you also wrote your own material. Sam (or one of his honchos like Jack Clement) would be listening to you more than looking at your pretty face. They wanted something different. Unique. It's unlikely someone like Fabian Forte would have gotten through the front door at 706 Union Avenue. And most of the Bobbys could also have stayed home.
Those were the standards against which Carl Mann should be evaluated. Relative to the norms for Sun Records, Carl was indeed a kid. It's true he was a good-looking kid, but it was his unusual arrangement of Mona Lisa that got him a second look and listen. He was signed not because he was 16 and good-looking, but in spite of it. It sure didn't hurt that he could play a little guitar and piano and could also write songs. And, as we'll see in just a moment, he also walked into the studio with a couple of mighty fine sidemen.
So, yes. It's worth pointing out that 16 was mighty young by Sun Records standards. Those age differences may seem trivial today after a half-century, but back in the '50s they meant a lot. The seven years between Carl Mann and Cash or Perkins, or five years between Mann and the Killer from Ferriday – those were chasms, filled with life experience and musical development. Most of those Sun artists had it and Carl Mann didn't. At least, not yet. It was the kind of experience on which you could build confidence and bravado. Just keep that in mind when you're listening to the earliest music on this disc. Those recordings were made by a kid. True, he's a southern kid, and he was in the right place at the right time. But first and foremost, he was a kid. It's amazing he was as inspired and confident.
One of the ironies of the era of Bobbys (Vee, Vinton, Rydell and others) is that their emergence was indirectly triggered by what Sun Records had done so well just a few years earlier. It was those hip-swivelling, sneering, threatening rockabillies – guys like Presley and Jerry Lee and Gene Vincent – who had sent shock waves rippling through polite 1950s culture. Radio stations were under pressure and they were more than happy to pass that pressure along to the record companies. Quit scaring the audience! Clean up your act! Record some clean-cut looking kids. Take away the menace! Sweeten the recordings! Add some strings and voices and do something about those raw, stinging guitar solos. The message was clear: You want your records played? You want your records bought? Then tone them down.
It's true, this didn't happen overnight. And the impact wasn't total. There would always be exceptions, but by the 1960s it was easier to get your records played and sold if they went easy on the 'wildness' and emphasized the 'sweet side.' At The Hop, Get A Job and Tequila had given rise to Smoke Gets In Your Eyes, Come Softly To Me and Teen Angel. Brenda Lee had gone from Sweet Nothin's to I'm Sorry. Even Ray Charles went from What'd I Say to Georgia On My Mind. It just made good commercial sense.
It was into this musical world that Carl Mann stepped in 1959 when he set foot into 706 Union Avenue. Had he arrived three years earlier, things would undoubtedly have been different. But by the time Mann stepped up to the microphone, the Gene Lowery Singers – Sun's answer to the sweetening sweepstakes - were a regular part of the label's productions.
Violins and voices weren't the only path to making commercial recordings in the changing marketplace. Another way to calm things down and appease an older and possibly more conservative audience was to re-record songs that were already familiar to them. The songs may have sounded new to teenagers, but those older melodies and lyrics would bring nods of recognition and approval from their parents and aunts and uncles. In some cases, even their grandparents would tap their feet.
Customer evaluation for "Best Rockhouse Tracks 1978-81 (LP)"
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When it comes to purchasing skin care the motto "cheaper isn't always better" holds true. It's unfortunate that oftentimes the most expensive skin care products contain the most effective and pure ingredients - right from nature.
When you buy cheap skin care products, you risk spending money on watered down, synthetic eye creams, moisturizers and anti-cellulite creams that will have poor results. Generally the most effective skin care products contain high concentrations of quality essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals and nutrients.
We've done our best to provide some valuable information on many of your favorite skin care products, including some company history, approximate online pricing and each brand's most popular product lines.
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The Headlands Report: Chow Time!
I don't think I've ever before witnessed a bonafide humpback whale stampede. Hell, prior to a few Sundays ago I didn't even know such a thing existed! Sure do now, though.
Father's Day 2016 dawned with bright blue skies and nary a puff of wind, the San Francisco Bay a placid, shimmering expanse of gray-green glass in the rising sun. A busy Saturday night at work in the restaurant biz kept me up well past midnight, and it seemed that I had just powered down for some shuteye when the alarm startled me awake at 6:00am. Undeterred and excited (once I remembered why I had set the thing so damned early), I popped outta bed and hopped in the shower, sipped a quick cuppa Peet's Costa Rica and packed up for an 8-hour day on the Mighty Pacific, then walked over to the Marina Safeway for provisions: a coconut-almond Kind Bar (I need more coconut in my life), a hefty, freshly made turkey sando from the deli (delicious), and a bag of dried fruits and nuts (just in case). Out the door and once again toward the bay, at 7:30am sharp I found myself huddled with a group of adventurous, like minded souls by the Saint Francis Yacht Club harbormaster building, listening to our naturalist from Oceanic Society give a detailed introduction on the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, that incredibly productive and thank goodness protected patch of Pacific Ocean outside the Golden Gate. That wonderful watery world I love so much.
Five hours later we were twenty-seven miles west of the mainland, hunkered down on board the 56' Salty Lady, and had just finished a somewhat leisurely, closeup look at the craggy, desolate Farallon Islands. I write 'somewhat leisurely' because things had changed quite a bit since we cruised under the bridge; the wind was howling in from the northwest, the sea was choppy with whitecaps, the afternoon swell was building - all of it a typical spring and early summer weather pattern in northern California - and our trusty whale watching boat was a rocking! Captain Roger Thomas, a 40+ year veteran of the bay and beyond, kept us in the lee of the islands, however, where the wind and the waves were a little less fierce. Slowly he motored back and forth from Saddleback Islet to Fisherman's Bay and guano-covered Sugarloaf, allowing us a chance to observe the lay of the land, the thousands and thousands of noisy, nesting seabirds - including several colorful tufted puffins, dont'cha know - the local pinniped population of gregarious, acrobatic California sea lions, homely elephant seals and endangered Stellar sea lions, and one juvenile California gray whale that had decided to linger by the Farallones instead of up in Alaska for the summer.
By this point in the day we had already seen several humpback whales, and the trip was shaping up to be a very good, if very blustery, adventure. Our first whale sighting was a surprise, lunge-feeding adult about 4 miles west of the Golden Gate; a whale we didn't even know was there, but a whale that was astutely predicted by a 12-year old boy standing at the bow of the boat. I was up there with him, searching searching searching for a blow, a fin, anything, when he noticed a mad swirl of seabirds diving into the ocean ahead of us. "Look, dad!" he exclaimed, "There's probably a big school of fish right under those birds, right under the surface."
I swear not 30 seconds later, right in the midst of all those birds, a gargantuan humpback came charging up from the deep, took an enormous gulp of water and whatever food it was hunting, then settled back into the ocean with a misty blow. I turned to Mikayla, a nice young woman from Dallas who was sitting next to me, and said, "I don't know about you but I'm sticking close by the amateur naturalist over there." Kudos, kid!
We were almost to the islands when Salty Lady swung hard starboard and headed south toward another whale watching boat in the distance. Based on the abrupt maneuver I figured our captain had received some good news via radio: good news meaning animals, animals meaning whales, and whales meaning...well, you never know. Ahead we could see spouts - lots of spouts, and one looked so different, so tall and vertical, I immediately thought (hoped)...blue whale? - and were soon treated to our second closeup encounter, a large humpback that sounded in front of us with a beautiful, broad fluke salute high in the air. Like he usually will when a whale dives nearby, Captain Roger slowed the boat, idled the engine, and waited for the whale to surface. We waited, too, but not for long, as smack dab right in front of us, maybe 75 feet from where we stood on deck, rocking back and forth with the motion of the ocean, the whale rocketed from the water in a full on, super spectacular breach! Amazed, shocked, in awe, hooting and hollering our delight, we waited for the humpback to breach again, as they often do, but this time to no avail. Instead, after a few more looks at some other beautiful humpbacks here and there, we turned north again, straight into the howling wind and waves and swell for a Mr. Toad's Wild Ride to the Farallones proper.
California and Steller sea lions at the SE Farallones.
The Farallon Islands, aka the Devil's Teeth, shrouded in fog.
so most trips to the islands visit just the main southeast group.
During our close up inspection of the southeast islands, while our naturalist educated us on their history and present day importance, I continued to see blows south of us, back in the area we had already been, but there seemed to be more and more of them with every passing minute. Apparently captain Roger noticed as well, and before long Salty Lady doubled back for a rendezvous. And in this case, by rendezvous I mean whale stampede.
The southeast Farallon Islands on Fathers Day 2016.
I swear it was like somewhere way up by the north Farallones someone had clanged a cetacean-sized dinner bell and a slew of hungry hungry humpbacks to our south heard the call. For 20 minutes, maybe more, we bobbed about with the wind and waves, scrambled back and forth across the boat in disbelief, as dozens of humpback whales - two, then three, then two more, then three again, then sometimes five or six together - swam around the boat, right under our boat, at times it seemed directly through the boat...and these whales were bustin' a move! We watched fluke after gorgeous fluke as they sounded one after another, glimpsed the occasional pectoral fin above and below the wind-whipped water, saw their bizarre and bumpy snouts as they hightailed it to who knows where, accompanied by blows and trumpets and quivering blubber and stinky whale breath. It was totally awesome! And each time a group passed there were more spouts to our south, heading directly our way.
In my mind I imagined an enormous neon sign suspended in the sky, pointing to the surface of the ocean above the Cordell Banks perhaps. "FREE KRILL! FREE KRILL!" it flashed, as humpback after humpback sped by the Salty Lady in pursuit of food glorious food. And then, lo and behold, amidst all the fantastic commotion, a call I have not (personally) heard out at the Farallones for several years: "Blue whale!"
The GGB, seen heading back in from the Farallones.
we're gonna pass under that bridge twice."
Yup...we were blessed with three different baleen whale species that day - one small gray at the islands, a good look at one gargantuan blue amidst the stampede (possibly two, we couldn't tell for sure), and, oh...I don't know, 50 humpbacks? More? Plus harbor porpoises and harbor seals and sea lions and sea birds by the zillions! It was, in retrospect, a very special day on the Pacific Ocean, in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. A windy and wild day for sure - several trips have been cancelled this year due to weather - but a beautiful, glorious and very memorable one to boot.
See ya' next time, landlubbers!
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imap email server imap email server Recursive MethodsJava supports recursive methods, i.e. even if you're already inside methodA() you can call methodA(). The easiest way I can think of to explain recursion is to look at a simple acronym, GNU. The GNU project, among other things, is trying to produce free versions of the Unix operating system and many Unix tools, such as lex, yacc, and cc.
imap email server One minor problem with this effort is that the name Unix is trademarked so the GNU project can't use it. Hence, instead of Unix, we have GNU, where GNU stands for "Gnu's Not Unix." The definition of GNU refers to itself; that is, it's recursive. So what is GNU? One level deeper it's "(Gnu's Not Unix)'s Not Unix." One level deeper still, it becomes "((Gnu's Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix.
imap email server " And so on, ad infinitum. It's like standing between a pair of mirrors. The images just fade off into the distance with no clear end in sight. In computer programming recursion is achieved by allowing a method to call itself.You probably already see one problem with recursion.
imap email server Where does it all end? In fact when you write recursive methods you have to be careful to include stopping conditions. Although Java doesn't put any particular limits on the depth to which you can expand a recursion, it is very possible to have a run-away recursion eat up all the memory in your computer. Let's look at an example. n! (pronounced "En-factorial") is defined as n times n-1 times n-2 times n-3 ..
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0.999651 |
Here is a list of interjections with meanings and example sentences. This list does not include all interjections but it does show the more common ones.
ah expressing pleasure Ah, that feels good.
expressing realization Ah, now I understand.
expressing resignation Ah well, it can't be helped.
expressing surprise Ah! I've won!
alas expressing grief or pity Alas, she's dead now.
dear expressing pity Oh dear! Does it hurt?
expressing surprise Dear me! That's a surprise!
eh asking for repetition It's hot today. / Eh? / I said it's hot today.
expressing enquiry What do you think of that, eh?
inviting agreement Let's go, eh?
er expressing hesitation Lima is the capital of...er...Peru.
God expressing anger, surprise, worry [some people may consider this offensive] God, what a negative attitude you have.
hello, hullo expressing greeting Hello John. How are you today?
expressing surprise Hello! My car's gone!
hey calling attention Hey! look at that!
expressing surprise, joy etc Hey! What a good idea!
hi expressing greeting Hi! What's new?
hmm expressing hesitation, doubt or disagreement Hmm. I'm not so sure.
oh, o expressing surprise Oh! You're here!
expressing pain Oh! I've got a toothache.
expressing pleading Oh, please say "yes"!
ouch expressing pain Ouch! That hurts!
uh expressing hesitation Uh...I don't know the answer to that.
uh-huh expressing agreement Shall we go? / Uh-huh.
um, umm expressing hesitation 85 divided by 5 is...um...17.
well expressing surprise Well I never!
introducing a remark Well, what did he say?
wow expressing amazement Wow! What a cool car you've got!
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0.999979 |
ON/OFF Switch Design: The power supply cable with a convenience ON/OFF control button, easy to turn on/off this cabinet lights.
Sufficient Brightness &Energy Saving: Each has 200 lumen, which perfectly meets your normal lighting needs.
Safe & Secure: By adopting an AC adapter, the output voltage is only 12V.
Versatile: You can add these delicate puck lights anywhere you desire. Say, mount them to your cabinet, closet, shelf, or even to your corridor.
Provide 2 ways to install: Use the screws to mount them to your cabinet, closet, shelf OR you can use the sticker to install them easily.
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0.974942 |
Home OMG! This Russian city has just chosen its first "Cat Chief"
This Russian city has just chosen its first "Cat Chief"
Well, I know what you think: What a glorious, imaginary position is "Cat Chief?" But who is the hero who rules the stray cats of the city?
If you think you are As a die-hard cat lover, you should take a look at the citizens of Russia! Believe it or not, Russia is the source of the most dedicated cat lover in the world. According to the Dalia Research Company, at least 59 percent of Russians own a cat, making them the best-stocked cat owner in the world. But how much do Russians value their cats?
It seems that the safety and happiness of their cats are almost as much appreciated as their citizens. In the 1700s, cats roamed Russia's royal palaces to catch mice and were pampered to the utmost as a reward. Their royal status may be somewhat belittled, but they are still seriously involved – including the stray members of their society.
In a small town called Zelenogradsk, Russia, cats are extremely praised. They even built a massive cat statue and a museum to honor them! Recently, a new position has been announced: Cat Chief. The description Provide for the over 70 stray cats of the city. Believe it or not, nearly 80 people favor this crazy, cat-loving position. In the end, a happy woman took the role and did some wonderful jobs.
Svetlana Logunova finally demanded the title "Cat Chief". To support her in her new job, she received a brand new motorcycle and a beautiful uniform. The fantastic Get Up consists of a chic hat, a bright green jacket and a chic bow tie. But even though she looks like she has everything under control, Logunova does not just care for the cats.
The city has a budget for the care of the stray cats in their sweet treasure community, Logunova receives $ 85 a month to make sure the cats are well fed. However, the kits are expected to ride, caress and ensure that they feel loved. However, everyone is welcome to pet with and play with the cats they come across. These are safe with the cat-loving population of Russia homeless kittens will get a lot of love from the citizens!
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0.999993 |
Do you have the relevant skills and experience to do the job?
Do you fit the company profile/culture?
Will you compliment or disrupt the department?
Can you, by joining the company, help the interviewer to be more successful in their job?
Drive - you are goal-orientated and want to get things done.
Motivation - you are enthusiastic in your role, willing to ask questions, take initiative and relish challenges.
Communication - effective speech and written skills.
Energy - you will work hard and give that little bit extra.
Determination - you do not give up when things get tough, and will see the job through.
Confidence - you are friendly, honest and open.
Reliability - you are able to get the job done and on time.
Honesty and integrity - you take responsibility for your actions and make decisions in the best interest of the company.
Dedication - you do whatever it takes to see a project through to completion.
Analytical skills - you can weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.
Listening skills - you listen to those around you, and respond appropriately.
Profitability - you can make the company money through your contribution.
All of these personal attributes should always be backed up with relevant work examples to contextualize your skills.
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0.999952 |
Suspected Somali pirate Abduwali Abdukhadir Muse is brought into court in New York in May.
New York (CNN) -- A Somali suspect in the hijacking of the U.S.-flagged Maersk Alabama in the Indian Ocean last April has been charged with involvement in two additional hijackings, authorities said Tuesday.
One of the hijacked vessels is still being held hostage, federal prosecutors said in announcing a 10-count indictment filed against Abduwali Abdukhadir Muse. The vessels are identified in court documents as "Ship-1" and "Ship-2."
Under the indictment, Muse faces charges including piracy; seizing a ship by force; kidnapping and hostage taking, along with charges of possessing a machine gun in the commission of other offenses. If convicted, he faces a maximum penalty of life in prison. He was to be arraigned on the additional charges Tuesday afternoon in federal court, authorities said.
Muse is accused of participating in the two hijackings before the Maersk Alabama was hijacked April 8, prosecutors said in a statement.
Ship-1 was seized by pirates in March in the Indian Ocean, according to the indictment and a criminal complaint. Authorities say Muse and others "known and unknown" boarded the vessel while armed with guns, threatened its captain and took control, holding the ship's captain and crew hostage.
While on the ship, prosecutors said, Muse aimed a gun at one of the hostages and threatened to kill him. He also showed a hostage what appeared to be an improvised explosive device, the statement said. "Muse placed the IED in the vicinity of the hostage, and indicated that if the authorities came the IED would explode and the hostage would be killed."
Modern-day pirates who wreak havoc off faraway coasts will be met with modern-day justice in the United States.
In April, Muse and the others left Ship-1 on a small boat, called "the skiff," prosecutors said. When the skiff returned, the ship and the skiff "were made to rendezvous" with another ship, Ship-2.
"The captain of Ship-1 was ordered to pull Ship-1 up to Ship-2. Ship-1 was then attached to Ship-2," according to the statement. "Muse and others held hostage, on board Ship-2, both the captain and the crew of Ship-1 and the captain and crew of Ship-2."
On April 8, Muse and three others left Ship-2 and boarded the Maersk Alabama, the indictment said. Prosecutors allege the four fired shots at the Maersk Alabama before boarding it.
The captain and crew of Ship-2 are still being held hostage, according to the documents. The indictment does not say what happened to Ship-1, its captain or crew.
The Maersk Alabama was attacked about 350 miles off the Somali coast, authorities have previously said. Muse allegedly demanded that the ship be stopped, then he and others allegedly took a life boat and held the captain of the ship -- Capt. Richard Phillips -- hostage on it.
The USS Bainbridge came to the assistance of the vessel, and in radio communications, Muse and the others threatened to kill Phillips if they were not guaranteed safe passage away from the scene, authorities have said.
On April 12, Muse boarded the Bainbridge and demanded safe passage for himself and the others in exchange for Phillips' release, according to a criminal complaint. While he was away from the lifeboat, Navy SEALs shot and killed the three remaining pirates, authorities said. Muse was taken into custody.
"Piracy on the high seas is a threat against the community of nations," Preet Bharara, U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, said in the statement Tuesday. "Today's indictment alleges criminal conduct that extends beyond the attack against the captain and crew of the American-flagged Maersk Alabama. Modern-day pirates who wreak havoc off faraway coasts will be met with modern-day justice in the United States."
The investigation is continuing, Bharara said.
A federal judge ruled in April that Muse could be tried as an adult. His father in Somalia told defense attorneys he was born November 20, 1993, meaning he would have been 15 at the time of the hijackings. However, the prosecution argued otherwise, saying Muse made statements suggesting he was older.
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0.984886 |
"My vision of aesthetic medicine"
Aesthetic medicine is enjoying significant growth due to advances in technology that have given us increasingly high-performance and reliable equipment and products that can be used within medical practices (lasers, Coolsculpting®, hyaluronic acid, Botox, etc.).
Here are some of the reasons for the success of aesthetic medicine: treatments are often easier to undergo compared to operations, do not leave scars and are less expensive, resulting in little or no down time from social and professional life.
Prevention involves gentle and regular maintenance of the skin and supporting tissues, basically maintaining tissue volumes that tend to become depleted with age (hyaluronic acid), supporting metabolic processes by stimulating cellular activity to help cells fight against their natural atrophy over time (peeling treatments), or reducing the contraction of muscles under the skin that causes wrinkles (Botox).
Prevention also involves the traditional method of good tissue hydration, limiting exposure to the sun and tobacco, eating a well-balanced diet and leading a healthy lifestyle.
Enhancing the face by increasing skin volume through injecting fillers (filling products), so the volume of lips, chin and cheekbones can be enhanced or a lump on the nose reduced. These products have made real progress: they used to be absorbed within a few months and could cause inflammatory reactions, but now give far more long-lasting results and are well tolerated by the tissues.
Enhancing the figure without surgery (Coolsculpting®).
Cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery do not need to be at loggerheads. In fact, they can be mutually complementary. Even if cosmetic medicine means surgery can be avoided in some cases or to delayed, it is a very welcome addition to surgical procedures. This is especially the case when it comes to a facelift, which has no effect on the upper lip, whereas aesthetic medicine allows you to rejuvenate the lip to blend with the face for a more harmonious and natural result.
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0.94783 |
College papers are an integral part of higher education. Learn how to write effective academic essays with five simple tips.
What does it mean to write a great college paper? Most importantly, a college-level paper should convey your knowledge in a clear, cohesive, and concise manner.
At its bare essentials, an academic essay needs to make an argument, support any claims, and lead the reader to an inevitable conclusion based on facts presented. Writing a successful college paper is a skill you can learn and here are some tips to help you hone that skill.
Your thesis statement should convey your topic and your stance in a single sentence. After doing your research, this may feel impossible. It can help to consider how you would explain it quickly to someone outside of your industry. Imagine a family member asking you about your paper over dinner. Within your thesis statement, your opinion should be clear. A strong thesis statement is a summation of an argument. The nuance will come later in the rest of your a paper.
For your argument to have merit, you need to support with solid secondary sources. Wikipedia is a great place to find citations for secondary sources, but is not a credible source on its own. Depending on the topic, you may want to look for reviews or research articles. Scholarly articles from industry journals, such as The Journal of Hotel and Business Management, are a great option. Additionally, journal articles include extensive citations where you can find original research or more in-depth discussion of a topic.
A great paper flows from paragraph to the next in a logical sequence. It's much easier to do this if you create an outline to serve as a map for your writing. Additionally, once you get started writing, you may inadvertently end up on a tangent. Comparing your written draft to your outline can help you see where you need to tighten things up and get back on track.
The first draft should never be the final draft. Give yourself enough time to complete a first draft and come back to it later. It's difficult to see errors, inconsistencies, and even typos when you are first writing something. Come back with fresh eyes a day or two later, however, and you'll be able to see opportunities for improvement more clearly.
The first paragraph of a college paper is often the hardest to write. If you write it last, when your arguments and evidence have all been laid our before you, the whole paper will feel more cohesive. Another option is to give yourself permission to throw away your introduction and rewrite it at the end.
The most difficult part of writing a college paper is to start writing. Sometimes, all you need to get the ideas flowing is to just start typing. You can always go back and edit or delete later. Just start writing.
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0.999381 |
It began with one limerick. The world would never be the same.
Write a haiku ( first line: 5 syllables, second line: 7, third line: 5) explaining why you deserve a chance to test the client before everyone else.
an example of a haiku: angry linux hordes bombard my e-mail box like zombies on crack creativity and odes to my dashing good looks score brownie points. good luck!
What's that, linux man? rsync got you down? that's sad I can has dropbox? - Adam H.
Freedom from dual boot Calls out to me from the cloud Linux soon flies, too. - David H.
The dropbox motto is incredibly simple die vile thumbdrive die - Michael N.
in lolspeak: i no has dropbox but teh lolrus he has it please to let me has?
dropbox on linux awesomeness beyond belief Snuffleupagus - Patrick W.
Guck mal! Dropbox kommt! Die Zukunft ist schon fast hier Ich sag' "Willkommen!" - David H.
Li-na-ku-su-no Ho-ru-da-ni-ki-e-yu-ku de-e-ta-ka-na - Ken N.
Dropboxed penguins cheer It's just an apt-get away What's the URL? - Drew H.
Jon Y's face is an image of pure physical perfection - 'nuf said. - Matthew W.
I'd like to thank all of our users for participating-- all of us here at the office had a blast reading your entries and I'm sure you had some fun making them too. In case you still haven't gotten your fill of haikuey goodness, Samsung just happened to have a haiku contest on the same exact day we held ours. It's okay Samsung, imitation is the greatest form of flattery, and I'll let it slide this time. Keep in mind, though, that I won't be so forgiving the next time around.
But now for the reason you're all here: Invites! Anyways, keep your eyes peeled for the next time we publish more stunning gems of Dropbox poetry.
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0.999566 |
Sort the words into the proper column. This helps us to determine if you are a person or an automated program.
Hi brian24, stress can cause slight headache. Try to relax a little bit for now. Also remember that exercise reduces stress and you should exercise regularly. You can also use the heart rate zones calculator to know your rate zone and exercise accordingly.
Hi brian24, stress can cause slight headache. Try to relax a little bit for now. Also remember that exercise reduces stress and you should exercise regularly. You can also use the [url=https://healthiack.com/heart-rate-zone-calculator]heart rate zones calculator[/url] to know your rate zone and exercise accordingly.
Hey guys, I have been having some slight headache for some days now, though I have been through a lot of stress. But I am well relaxed now. I want to know if stress can cause this?
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0.999911 |
Please text me about this 2019 PJ 32FT LOW-PRO FLATDECK WITH SINGLES (VIN: 4P5LS3238K1314241).
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Ready to drive this 2019 PJ 32FT LOW-PRO FLATDECK WITH SINGLES? Let us know below when you are coming in, and we'll get it ready for you.
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0.795656 |
The British Open is the only major played outside the USA.
The British are responsible for so many of the sports codes that the world enjoys every day. One of these is golf. The present game of golf originated in Scotland in the 15th century, although, in principle, the idea of using a curved stick to hit a leather ball was actually an old Roman game. This pastime would have been spread by the Romans during their conquests, although much of this is merely presumption and conjecture.
Golf tournaments in their current form are held in every country, and the sport is played throughout the year. The most famous golf tournaments are called the Major tournaments, and there are only 4 of these prestigious events held per year, three of which are in the USA and the fourth, the British Open, in Scotland.
The British Open Championship is the oldest of the 4 major tournaments in professional golf. The British Open occurs third in the international golfing calendar, and follows the US Masters and the US Open tournaments. First played in Scotland as long ago as 1860, the maiden tournament was purely for professional golfers, of which there were only eight. All these professionals were Scottish.
The British Open, or as it is often referred to, the Open Championship is a 72-hole stroke play golf tournament that is contested over four days. In its current format, 156 players complete the field. This total includes previous major winners, the top professionals who have achieved exemptions, and the winners of the top amateur championships, so simply making the field is an achievement of note in golfing terms. The field is cut after 36 holes, and only the leading 70 players play the final two rounds.
The British Open Golf Tournament is steeped in tradition and stories of courage, fortitude, luck and misfortune and has been a significant contributor to the overall lore of the game. In broad terms, the Open began a period of sustained public interest when in 1969 a South African, Gary Player won the tournament. Thus began the Era of the Big Three that grabbed the imagination of the worlds media. Gary Player, Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus dominated the sport headlines for several decades, and the charismatic trio drew many television viewers, popularised the sport generally, and brought all the American golfers to the British Open.
In 2016, the British Open was played at Royal Troon golf course. The victor was Hendrik Stenson, over Phil Mickelson in another duel that became part of the folklore of the British Open Championship. In true betting style the odds for the 2017 British Open have been posted, and champion Hendrick Stenson is quoted at 18/1. The current favourite is Jason Day at 8/1 and Dustin Johnson at 9/1.
Professional golfers compete in competitions all over the world, but it is especially around the time of the larger major tournaments that the levels of sports betting spikes. These major tournaments are ideal for sports betting purposes, and with the presence of online and mobile betting sites, everyone can get to enjoy the British Open with the additional excitement having some wagers riding on the event.
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0.985812 |
Will Landon Donovan continue performing beyond the 2016 MLS season?
Landon Donovan hung up his playing boots on 2014 as the American player ended his playing career which had spanned for over 15 years where he managed to make over 300 appearances with 6 different clubs.
After having made his way out of the field as he was no longer a player, Donovan would later go on to become a coach as he was appointed as the coach of the MLS Homegrown Team and the retiree also went on to become a commentator for FOX Sports.
Even though Landon was off of the pitch, he still remained having a role in the world of football and his life appeared to be going in positive way as the retiree spent more of his time with his family and just relaxing, which is something that Donovan was not able to do as much while being an active player.
In a rather surprising turn of events, after having spent around 21 months off of the pitch on September 8 of 2016 it was confirmed that Donovan had made his return to Los Angeles Galaxy as he signed a deal with the MLS which will be keeping him with the club until the end of the 2016 season.
According to the 34 year old player, one of the main reasons of why he opted to make a return to the pitch was because of the situation that LA Galaxy was going through as Nigel de Jong made his way out of the club in an unexpected manner and Gyasi Zardes sustained an injury that will be keeping out of action for a significantly long period of time and other influential players have also been sustaining injuries as well.
This is one of the main reasons of why Landon Donovan stated that he wanted to come back out of retirement and help out his former club but now rumors have been emerging stating that the veteran player is thinking about playing beyond his deal with LA Galaxy which only sees him performing until the end of the current season, this is only a rumor but it seems like Donovan is always eager to get back on the pitch and continue adding titles to his collection.
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0.960202 |
Imagine that there is a new scientific theory that warns of an impending crisis, and points to a way out. This theory quickly draws support from leading scientists, politicians, and celebrities around the world. Research is funded by distinguished philanthropies, and carried out at prestigious universities. The crisis is reported frequently in the media. The science is taught in college and high school classrooms. I don’t mean global warming. I’m talking about another theory, which rose to prominence a century ago.
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0.915576 |
"Imperial city" redirects here. For other uses, see Imperial City (disambiguation).
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet. An imperial city held the status of Imperial immediacy, and as such, was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt) which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot) or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).
Over time, the difference between Imperial Cities and Free Cities became increasingly blurred, so that they became collectively known as "Free Imperial Cities", or "Free and Imperial Cities", and by the late 15th century many cities included both "Free" and "Imperial" in their name. Like the other Imperial Estates, they could wage war, make peace, and control their own trade, and they permitted little interference from outside. In the later Middle Ages, a number of Free Cities formed City Leagues (Städtebünde), such as the Hanseatic League or the Alsatian Décapole, to promote and defend their interests.
A few, like Protestant Donauwörth, which in 1607 was annexed to the Catholic Duchy of Bavaria, were stripped by the Emperor of their status as a Free City — for genuine or trumped-up reasons. However, this rarely happened after the Reformation, and of the sixty Free Imperial Cities that remained at the Peace of Westphalia, all but the ten Alsatian cities (which were annexed by France during the late 17th century) continued to exist until the mediatization of 1803.
Unlike the Free Imperial Cities, the second category of towns and cities, now called "territorial cities"[notes 2] were subject to an ecclesiastical or lay lord, and while many of them enjoyed self-government to varying degrees, this was a precarious privilege which might be curtailed or abolished according to the will of the lord.
Reflecting the extraordinarily complex constitutional set-up of the Holy Roman Empire, a third category, composed of semi-autonomous cities that belonged to neither of those two types, is distinguished by some historians. These were cities whose size and economic strength was sufficient to sustain a substantial independence from surrounding territorial lords for a considerable time, even though no formal right to independence existed. These cities were typically located in small territories where the ruler was weak.[notes 3] They were nevertheless the exception among the multitude of territorial towns and cities. Cities of both latter categories normally had representation in territorial diets, but not in the Imperial Diet.
Despite this somewhat unequal status of the cities in the functioning of the Imperial Diet, their full admittance to that federal institution was crucial in clarifying their hitherto uncertain status and in legitimizing their permanent existence as full-fledged Imperial Estates. Constitutionally, if in no other way, the diminutive Free Imperial City of Isny was the equal of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
Having probably learned from experience that there was not much to gain from active, and costly, participation in the Imperial Diet's proceedings due to the lack of empathy of the princes, the cities made little use of their representation in that body. By about 1700, almost all the cities with the exception of Nuremberg, Ulm and Regensburg (where by then the Perpetual Imperial Diet was located), were represented by various Regensburg lawyers and officials who often represented several cities simultaneously. Instead, many cities found it more profitable to maintain agents at the Aulic Council in Vienna, where the risk of an adverse judgment posed a greater risk to city treasuries and independence.
The constitution of Free and Imperial Cities was republican in form, but in all but the smallest cities, the city government was oligarchic in nature with a governing town council composed of an elite, hereditary patrician class, the so-called town council families (Ratsverwandte). They were the most economically significant burgher families who had asserted themselves politically over time.
In the 16th and 17th century, a number of Imperial Cities were separated from the Empire due to external territorial change. Henry II of France seized the Imperial Cities connected to the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Verdun and Toul. Similarly, Louis XIV seized many cities based on claims produced by his Chambers of Reunion. That way, Strasbourg and the ten cities of the Décapole were annexed. Also, when the Old Swiss Confederacy gained its formal independence from the Empire in 1648 (it had been de facto independent since 1499), the independence of the Imperial Cities of Basel, Bern, Lucerne, St. Gallen, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, and Zürich was formally recognized.
With the rise of Revolutionary France in Europe, this trend accelerated enormously. After 1795, the areas west of the Rhine were annexed to France by the revolutionary armies, suppressing the independence of Imperial Cities as diverse as Cologne, Aachen, Speyer and Worms. Then, the Napoleonic Wars led to the reorganization of the Empire in 1803 (see German Mediatisation), where all of the free cities but six — Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, Frankfurt, Augsburg, and Nuremberg — lost their independence and were absorbed into neighboring territories. Finally, under pressure from Napoleon, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. By 1811, all of the Imperial Cities had lost their independence — Augsburg and Nuremberg had been annexed by Bavaria, Frankfurt had become the center of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, a Napoleonic puppet state, and the three Hanseatic cities had been directly annexed by France as part of its effort to enforce the Continental Blockade against Britain. Hamburg and Lübeck with surrounding territories formed the département of Bouches-de-l'Elbe, and Bremen the Bouches-du-Weser.
When the German Confederation was established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Hamburg, Lübeck, Bremen, and Frankfurt were once again made Free Cities, this time enjoying total sovereignty as all the members of the loose Confederation. Frankfurt was annexed by Prussia in consequence of the part it took in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The three other Free Cities became constituent states of the new German Empire in 1871 and consequently were no longer fully sovereign as they lost control over defence, foreign affairs and a few other fields. They retained that status in the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich, although under Hitler it became purely notional. Due to Hitler's distaste for Lübeck and its liberal tradition, the need was devised to compensate Prussia for territorial losses under the Greater Hamburg Act, and Lübeck was annexed to Prussia in 1937. In the Federal Republic of Germany which was established after the war, Bremen and Hamburg became constituent states, a status which they retain to the present day. Berlin, which had never been a Free City in its history, also received the status of a state after the war due to its special position in divided post-war Germany.
Regensburg was, apart from hosting the Imperial Diet, a most peculiar city: an officially Lutheran city that nevertheless was the seat of the Catholic prince-bishopric of Regensburg, its prince-bishop and cathedral chapter. The Imperial City also housed three Imperial abbeys: St. Emmeram, Niedermünster and Obermünster. They were five immediate entities fully independent of each other existing in the same small city.
↑ This figure does not include the ten cities of the Décapole, which, while still formally independent from 1648 to 1679, had been placed under the heavy-handed "protection" of the French king.
↑ "Territorial city" is a term used by modern historians to denote any German city or town that was not a Free Imperial City.
↑ Examples of such cities were Lemgo (county of Lippe), Gütersloh (county of Bentheim) and Emden (county of East Frisia).
↑ All the cities of Southern Germany (located in the Swabian, Franconian and Bavarian circles) belonged to the Swabian bench, while all the others belonged to Rhenish bench, even cities such as Lübeck and Hamburg that were quite far from the Rhineland.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Holland, Arthur William (1911). "Imperial Cities or Towns". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 342.
↑ Whaley, vol.1, p. 26.
↑ John G. Gagliardo, Germany under the Old Regime, 1600–1790, Longman, London and New York, 1991, p. 4.
↑ Joachim Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, Oxford University Press, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 250, 510, 532.
↑ G. Benecke, Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix III.
↑ The Reichsmatrikel contained errors. Some of the 85 cities listed were not free imperial cities (for instance Lemgo) while some cities were omitted (Bremen). Among cities on the list, Metz, Toul, Verdun, Besançon, Cambrai, Strasburg, and the 10 cities of the Alsatian Dekapolis were to be absorbed by France, while Basel, Schaffhausen and St. Gallen would join the Swiss Confederacy.
↑ G. Benecke, Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix II.
↑ Whaley, vol. 1, pp. 532–533.
↑ Whaley, vol. 2, p. 210.
↑ Whaley, vol. 2, p. 211.
↑ G. Benecke, p. 162.
↑ Franck Lafage, Les comtes Schönborn, 1642–1756, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, vol. II, p. 319.
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Subject: tubeless setup for studded tires Message text: Hi I think I saw this in the FAQ but I wanted to make sure. I just purchased a set of marathon winter studded tires for my cyclocross bike.
I have stans notubes rims and was hoping to use sealant and install them as notubes. The current tires are 700×35 which is the same as the marathons I bought. Wondering if the stans sealant is bad for these tires, I mean will it damage the rubber? Also, is it a big risk to install these tires as notubes setup? Thanks in advance for the response.
These tires are not designed for a tubeless set-up – we must advise you against this and inform you that should you choose to use the tires in a tubeless manner it will void all warranties.
Please also note that In order to ensure that spikes are permanently fixed, tires should be run in for about 25 miles (40km) on asphalt, while avoiding any fast acceleration or heavy braking.
First off, kudos to Schwalbe for responding to my question only 3 hours later, in the middle of a weekend! But I guess that settles my question. I’m still installing the Schwalbe Marathon studded tires on the Stan’s Alpha 340 rims, but I’m not going tubeless with the setup.
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\nThe last movie I watched was "Carriers" with the new Captain Kirk, Chris Pine... I think. I never heard of it before I started watching it so it was a pleasant surprise. It is a zombie type of movie and fairly good. Not a ground breaking movie or anything but if you like that genre of movie then you will definitely enjoy it.
\nI would rate it a 7.5 out of 10.
The Blind Side was the last one I saw. For some reason I didn\'t think Sandra Bullock as a blond would do it for me, but it caught on as the movie continued. Maybe it was all the tight clothes, who knows? I was, however, disappointed after the movie had ended, being a Patriots fan. I won\'t say anything about it, but if you watch the movie, you will understand.
Terminator Salvation. I\'d give it 8 out of 10 but im a huge fan of the terminator storyline.
Star Trek two days ago and Inglourious Basterds the day before that. Both I had seen before and both are good and I\'d recommend seeing. Inglourious Basterds you may want to stay away from if you have a weak stomach.
G.I. Joe. Say what you will but I liked it quite a bit. Baroness did it for me, and Scarlet definitely did too. Not up there with the Star Trek\'s of the world, but a good mindless action movie nonetheless. Snake Eyes and Stormshadow were badass. Wish the movie had a bit more of them fighting.
I really like that movie. I was expecting much but it was a fun action movie.
Forget if it was Funny People or District 9. Haven\'t seen a movie since the summer... busy with school.
\r\nI was really impressed with this film... Not a big fan of Ben Affleck but I dig most of Russell Crowe\'s movies.
\r\nNice Plot twist in this movie makes me give it an 7.5 out of 10... Not a must see but well worth the time to watch an entertaining thriller... .
\r\nThe big thing That I had a huge problem with was the Audio.. I couldnt turn it up loud enough to hear Russell Crowe... not quite sure what went wrong there..
Big red X there Kevin, I\'m assuming this is "State of Play"?
State of Play was great. Good thriller.
I really like that movie and think it ends with a nice message to it. It gets fairly serious but I think that\'s why I liked it. It doesn\'t kill you with drama but it sort of makes you think about the little things that you take for granted.
You mean you don\'t like shopping for Beyond?
\r\nI shouldn\'t have to click on anything...the picture should be visible always.
\r\nBesides I did the right click show picture thing and it still does not pop up.
anything with Kate Beckinsale gets an automatic 8.5 from me, throw in Sadler and an actual story that doesn\'t end with him farting and I am all in.
\nthe movie was good, and anything with Winona in it gets an automatic 8.0 from me, throw in Harold from White Castle and I am all in!
Burn after reading.. ha ha seriously that is the last movie in the movie theater.
I saw District 9, I must have missed out on ALL the hype for this movie... I just don\'t get it and was expecting more.
I just don\'t "get it" I had guys from work geeked to go see it, I saw it and was waiting for something amazing to happen... it never did.
\r\nof course this is my personal opinion, I have tried reading up on it to find some back story but still doesn\'t make sense.
I have to agree with you on the Kate Beckinsale always being a good thing Phoenix but as far as District 9 goes though I have to say it was by far #1 on my best movies of the year list. I\'m getting ready to watch The Hurt Locker which I\'ve heard nothing but good things about.
Definitely a good movie. I saw it awhile ago and was pleasantly surprised considering I hadn\'t heard anything about it.
\n*Warning to Parents* - Not all kids react the same to this movie. In 3D theaters the grim reapers skeleton fingers had some kids gasping in the theaters LOL .
\nON TV: Body of Lies starring Leo D. Great movie that will be part of my DVD collection whenever i get around to picking it up.
\nDVD/BL: Going to pick up Nightmare Before Christmas, Star Trek, Hangover, & District 9 on BL this week.
Watched Inglorious Basterds and absolutely loved it. Definitely one of Tarantino\'s top 3 films.
\nWhat you don\'t notice in the movie is all of the German film history that is encompassed in the film. Although the story is fictional, the dialogue discusses filmmakers like Leni Riefenstahl and G.W. Pabst which were huge factual Nazi Propaganda filmmakers. Riefenstahl directed Triumph of the Will which was technically revolutionary filmmaking at the time. (If you see any old Nazi rally footage, this was Riefenstahl\'s Triumph of the Will). Scenes copying her style can be seen in movies like The Untouchables when they are walking the courthouse steps. They also continually talk about Mountain films and climbing, which were both a huge part of German culture at the time.
\nAnyways, enough of the history nerd rant. You guys talk about computer stuff that goes way over my head most of the time, so I decided to geek out a little. Tarantino just really impressed me with his knowledge of film history and that\'s why I gave it a little bit of a higher score than what I normally would based on just the storyline.
\r\nWhat you don\'t notice in the movie is all of the German film history that is encompassed in the film. Although the story is fictional, the dialogue discusses filmmakers like Leni Riefenstahl and G.W. Pabst which were huge factual Nazi Propaganda filmmakers. Riefenstahl directed Triumph of the Will which was technically revolutionary filmmaking at the time. (If you see any old Nazi rally footage, this was Riefenstahl\'s Triumph of the Will). Scenes copying her style can be seen in movies like The Untouchables when they are walking the courthouse steps. They also continually talk about Mountain films and climbing, which were both a huge part of German culture at the time.
\r\nAnyways, enough of the history nerd rant. You guys talk about computer stuff that goes way over my head most of the time, so I decided to geek out a little. Tarantino just really impressed me with his knowledge of film history and that\'s why I gave it a little bit of a higher score than what I normally would based on just the storyline.
I saw it yesterday, thought it was his best work.
\r\nI love how he does dialog, he\'ll have 2 characters just talking for 15 minutes (like in the first scene) and it completely draws me into it.
\r\nGreat movie but not for the squeamish.
\nI thought this movie was really horrible and they ways the came up with killing the characters is really weak!
\r\nI thought this movie was really horrible and they ways the came up with killing the characters is really weak!
Didn\'t even bother seeing after the 3D movie was crap. And I really liked the first two. Got downright stupid.
I wasn\'t that big of a fan of Basterds. Not saying it was bad or anything but definitely not up there with Reservoir Dogs, Pulp Fiction or even Kill Bill in my opinion.
\nI just watched Surrogates with Bruce Willis. It is a decent sci-fi movie with a good premise. As usual they take the idea too far and try to preach a lesson to the viewer. Something I wish Hollywood would cut down on since it ruins movies a lot of time for me. Don\'t need to be slapped in the face with the underlying message, subtlety has its rewards. Still though, worth watching if you like science fiction.
I agree to an extent, but I would definitely put it up there with Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction. I just enjoyed it because he added a completely accurate background on WWII Nazi Propagandist Filmmaking, which was really cool.
\r\nPixel, tell me the truth. Did you have to look up how to spell Reservoir??
Pixel, tell me the truth. Did you have to look up how to spell Reservoir??
Pfft... give me a break. Firefox has a spell checker built right into it.
Last movie I saw was "Adventureland". After some decent hype I was a little disappointed. But I like movies like this and it had it\'s moments so I enjoyed it enough. Don\'t know what kind of rating I\'d put on it though. Maybe a 7.5 out of 10.
No I saw it. Wanted to see what all the hype was about. And of course I hated it. Just found it dull and boring. No inention of watching any of the rest of them.
\r\nAS for last movie I saw, it was The Hangover. I thought it was pretty good, well the first 75% anyway. The end I thought was just kinda blah and them just wrapping it up somehow. But overall pretty funny.
\r\nLook forward to watching District 9 Wednesday. Wasn\'t really that interested in seeing it when it was in theaters but for some reason now I think it looks pretty good.
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The truth is shocking that Grandpa June has left home for six wives in 10 years.
Recently, the old Chiang Kai-shek, who lives in Hunan Province, was in a bad mood. After his wife's death, he wanted to spend his old age looking for a wife. In the past ten years, he had also found several, but none of them shared the same roommate with him. Everyone ran away. People thought that Chiang Kai-shek was eccentric. So the reporter found several women who had lived with Chiang Kai-shek before. Who knows the answer is the same one, too big under Chiang Kai-shek. Six or seven times a night, more than forty minutes at a time, shocked reporters. At the age of sixty, Lao Chiang was in better health than the young people. So the reporter asked Lao Chiang, who answered his previous kidney deficiency, and occasionally heard from a friend that an old Chinese medicine ancestor had handed down a prescription specializing in the cultivation of testicular sperm. After returning home, Lao Jiang could not wait to start experimenting with the effect of the prescription. Less than a week later, not only was he full of spirit, but also the morning-blooming reaction that he had not had for many years appeared. And suddenly found that much bigger than before, in the past week, Lao Chiang gradually felt more and more impulsive, not only prone to physiological reactions, but also often lasted for more than an hour without fatigue, even the last wife was unable to stand Lao Chiang's "big fellow" was tossed to death.
Is it medicine that makes people desirable or festering?
The reporter doubts that this recipe is not an aphrodisiac, right? Result After analysis, we found that this prescription not only can nourish testis and fill essence, boost yang, but also regulate deficiency, improve immunity and other efficacy, and the drug is very strong, but also neutral and peaceful, not only no side effects, but also great benefits to human body.
What is the origin of mysterious old Chinese medicine?
The old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine lived in a small village in Xiashan depression of Ligongshan Mountain. Thousands of years ago, he was also a thriving town. The family of the old Chinese medicine, as a doctor in the town, is specially responsible for treating the people in the town. It is recorded in his family book that as early as the Western Han Dynasty, the ancestors had been instructed by the righteous Dowager called "Bian Que in Woman's Middle" at that time. They worshiped under his door and studied medicine wholeheartedly. Upon hearing his name, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty called Yiduo into the palace to be a waitress, specializing in the treatment of Empress Dowager and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. Before she left, she warned her disciples that the parents of doctors should never make excessive profits. Nowadays, with the decline of villages and towns, many young people have come out of the mountains and into the modern city. In order to prevent the valuable recipes from being lost, the old Chinese medicine tells those who sincerely seek medicine these methods.
Ms. Zhao of Chengdu dictated: My husband is 41 years old, and he has not been happy every time since the year before. He always protests against his stuff and does not "raise his head" for half a day. Like frosted eggplant, he can't stuff it in. Every time, it makes me hungry and thirsty. In a chat with my girlfriend, I learned the "secret recipe of the old Chinese medicine" and began to adjust my husband. In just three days, my husband was hot and hard, and the time began to prolong. There were about 10 minutes, and the following was always hard to stick in the end! This feeling of fullness and fullness is so strong that every pore of my body is open and I want to die and tremble.
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This leaves enough time to do something, assuming that "doing something" is in principle possible and desirable. So, what are the options? It hardly makes sense to react to this demographic aggression with a Hindu demographic counter-offensive, as suggested by the Puri Shankaracharya, if at all it were possible to surpass the Muslim community in this respect. A similar idea is that birth control should be made compulsory for all, e.g. by enforcing vasectomy on every father of two children.
A sinister alternative routinely imputed to the RSS is the expulsion of all Indian Muslims to Pakistan, "the state which was, after all, created for them". This kind of statement can be heard in speeches by the more extreme wing of the Hindutva organization, e.g. in the popular audio-taped speeches by Sadhvi Ritambhara propagating this position, including the slogan: "Mussalman ke do hi sthan, Pakistan ya qabrastan", "There are only two places for Muslims, Pakistan or the graveyard".
This slogan apparently dates back to the Partition and its massacres, as related to me by eyewitnesses. At that time, the evacuation of Muslims from India was, coupled with an ordered evacuation of Hindus from Pakistan, an entirely serious proposal: all Hindus would vacate Pakistan, and all Muslims would go to Pakistan, leaving only their buried ancestors behind in graveyards in India. The proposal was formulated by Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar in his Thoughts on Pakistan (1940), and meant to save millions of lives (including those yet to be lost in future clashes resulting from Hindu-Muslim co-existence in the respective countries of the subcontinent, esp. India). Today, however, it could only be done by means of extreme violence, comparable in intensity to (but a hundred times larger than) the full-scale civil war which led to the expulsion of the French inhabitants of Algeria in 1962.
A few years ago, Anwar Shaikh, a convert from Islam, offered a political solution (which he later retracted): "There is only one solution to this horrendous problem, that is, disenfranchise all Muslims of India. A vote is the right of a patriotic citizen who thinks good of his country and acts accordingly. These people lost their Indian citizenship by dividing their own motherland to create Pakistan." Apart from the questionable desirability of such a disenfranchisement, it is obviously a recipe for civil war, for how long would an ever-larger Muslim community tolerate it?
Perhaps Baljit Rai is thinking along the same lines when he offers the undefined concept Hindu Rashtra as a solution: "Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Parsis, Buddhists and others (Muslims excluded) living in India have no option but to live either in a Hindu Rashtra or Muslim India, i.e. India as Dar-ul-Islam. That is the stark reality." Unfortunately, he fails to explicitate how the declaration of India as a Hindu state would stop the Muslim increase leading to a Muslim majority. Nepal is formally a Hindu Kingdom, yet it fails completely to put up any kind of effective defence against Islamic immigration and Christian proselytization, which are fast destroying the Hindu character of the country.
Some desperate Hindus have advocated the reintroduction of polygamy, e.g. one Ashok Vashisht in Britain pleads for adoption of polygamy to counter the effects of Muslim polygamy. His argument is that Muslim polygamy, even if it does not yield a higher birth rate by itself, is nevertheless a decisive trump card in the Muslim demographic offensive, because it limits the availability of women for other Muslim men and thereby forces them to scout around for non-Muslim women. There is something demeaning about this kind of competition, and it overestimates the demographic use of polygamy vastly (polygamous households are rather few and tend to have a lower number of children per woman). But its main conceptual weakness, as also of the other options mentioned, is that it is predicated on the acceptance of the continued Islamic identity of the Muslims.
Within the above schemes, the choice seems to be one of simply letting the Muslims take over India as soon as they become numerous enough; or implementing one of the said scenarios of demographic competition or ethnic cleansing. One cannot blame anti-Hindu authors for highlighting such ideas as all too similar to certain forms of xenophobia and racism elsewhere. But rather than shrieking about the horrible plans being concocted in Hindutva backrooms, we should take a look at an established Hindu alternative for these extreme "solutions".
The alternative we mean is not to just shrug it all off and say: but why should anyone object if Muslims become the majority? That is a valid option in theory, but one which is unacceptable to every single Hindu worth his salt. After the treatment which Hindus have received in Muslim-majority states and regions, from legal discrimination in Malaysia to ethnic cleansing in Kashmir and genocide in East Pakistan, aborting any evolution which would turn India into a Muslim-majority state is an agreed policy goal.
The other alternative, the one advocated by a string of activists from Dayananda Saraswati to Abhas Chatterjee, is that Hindus challenge the Muslims' adherence to Islam. In Chatterjee's words: "We consider these alien ideologies to be enemies of our nation. The goal is to bring our minorities back into our nation after destroying the deadly intoxication of these ideologies." This was also the solution offered by Swami Shraddhananda to "save the dying race".
This reconversion may take the form of reawakening some peripheral, superficially islamized communities to their pre-conversion Hindu identity, an approach which has worked in the case of the reconverted Malkana and Meherat Rajputs. But today these semi-Hindu Muslim communities are becoming scarce due to Tabligh campaigns and the spread of Madrassa education, making the Muslims more Muslim. In the larger picture, even the successes which have been achieved by the reconversion movement may not amount to much, for there have also been conversions of Hindus to Islam.
This leads to considerations of a second approach: educating Muslims about the less than divine basis of Islam to shake well-grounded believers in Islam out of their beliefs. The whole idea strikes modern Hindus as quite foreign to Hinduism, which has come to be seen as an entirely spineless jellyfish, tolerating everything, approving everything. In reality, Hinduism has quite a tradition of debate, including wagers in which the loser agrees to convert to the winner's school of thought; an unusually energetic Hindu may try to revive this tradition.
This polemical approach is much more difficult, not least because it necessitates a profound reformulation of Hinduism in modern terms and the shedding of a lot of superstitious deadwood which Hinduism has accumulated over the centuries. Hindu society is not in a shape to teach others lessons and tell them what is wrong with them; or so Hindus feel. That is exactly how Swami Dayananda understood the situation when he conceived the Shuddhi programme together with a reform of Hinduism: reconversion of Muslims is only possible if it is combined with thorough internal reform, both in the social and the intellectual domains.
Demanding as the project of reconversion may be, it is the only civilized solution to the looming threat of a Muslim demographic take-over of India a few decades from now. Of course, Hindus may be lucky and wake up one day to find that Islam has imploded from within, that the Ayatollahs and the Ulema of Al-Azhar and Deoband are suddenly telling their flock that the whole thing was a mistake. The Hindus were that lucky in the case of Communism, which surprised them with its implosion, so it is really possible; nonetheless, luck rarely comes to those who count and depend on it for their survival. Time has not run out yet, and if Hindus make a start today, they can comfortably organize the salvation of their country from the rising tide of Islam.
To a modernist outsider, there is something quaint and unreal about this alternative: either islamizing or hinduizing India. Perhaps this is na�ve Enlightenment optimism, but I wonder if the present worldwide revival of religious identities can at all persist once the information revolution has had its full civilizational effect. As late as the 1960s, Protestants in the Netherlands used to warn each other against the Catholics, who were allegedly planning to take over the country with their high birth rate. The suspicious Protestants were right, for today, Catholics are very slightly more numerous than Protestants in the Netherlands, a state created by a Protestant freedom struggle; only, the two communities together hardly command the loyalty of half the population anymore, for both have lost their adherents at a dramatic rate. Moreover, with the mental secularization of even the remaining Catholics, the idea of a Popish Plot to seize power has become surrealistic.
Like the Dutch Catholics, Indian Muslims should be encouraged to outgrow their religious conditioning, and to explore the spiritual sphere afresh. This will automatically bring them in closer touch with their Hindu surroundings, and help them reintegrate into the society from which they were estranged by Islam.
The Shankaracharya was quoted to this effect in India Today, 31-5-1986, with the comment: "Hindu stalwarts like him are convinced -- however ludicrous it might sound -- that a conspiracy of sociology and demography will soon render the Hindus a minority in their own country."
Not that this is so extreme, for even model secularist Khushwant Singh writes (Need for a New Religion in India and Other Essays, UBSPD, Delhi 1993, p.16): "We must disenfranchise parents who have more than two children and forbid them from holding elective offices. We must also make sterilisation of both parents on the birth of their second child compulsory."
Including Madanlal Pahwa, a refugee from West Pakistan and an accomplice in the Mahatma Gandhi murder case, whom I interviewed in Mumbai, January 1996.
Anwar Shaikh: Is India Going Islamic? -- a Review (private pamphlet reviewing Baljit Rai's book, Cardiff 1994), p.8. In his latest book (A Tale of Two Gujarati Saints, A. Ghosh, Houston 1998), he explicitly abandons this position.
A. Vashisht: "Marriage game: beat the Mussalman", Young India, July 1995.
A. Chatterjee: Hindu Nation (Voice of India, 1995), p.45.
And as late as 1976, my schoolteacher of Catholic religion told us to have many children, for this was the way to make the Catholic community stronger and more powerful. On present trends, the Catholic minority in Northern Ireland is all set to numerically overtake the Protestant majority.
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You’ve heard of rainforests, but what do you know about Costa Rica’s tropical dry forests, mountain rivers, active volcanoes, and cloud forests? The term “ecosystem” is used to describe the unique interactions between an area’s habitat and its resident plant and animal life. Costa Rica’s rich ecosystems owe their diversity to the nation’s tropical location, varying topography, climbing altitudes, and the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, which flank Costa Rica’s coasts.
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Conas a roinnt ar chealla le roinnt in Excel?
Uaireanta, b'fhéidir go gcaithfimid raon cealla a mhodhnú in Excel go tapa. Mar shampla, tá réimse cealla agam ina bhfuil praghsanna grúpa táirgí, agus ba mhaith liom na praghsanna go léir a roinnt ag 2, agus anois tá an cheist anseo, conas is féidir liom roinnt cealla a roinnt go tapa le roinnt?
1. Cuir isteach uimhir an rannáin mar 15 isteach i gcill folamh agus cóipeáil é.
2. Mínigh an raon gur mhaith leat gach uimhir a roinnt le 15 agus cliceáil ar dheis, roghnaigh Greamaigh Speisialta ón roghchlár.
3. Sa Paste Special bosca dialóg, cliceáil Gach rogha sa Greamaigh alt, roghnaigh an Divide rogha sa Oibríocht alt, agus ar deireadh cliceáil ar an OK cnaipe.
4. Scrios an uimhir 15 a chuir tú isteach roimh.
Leis an gcód VBA, is féidir leat roinnt cealla a roinnt le huimhir go huathoibríoch.
1. Roghnaigh an raon is mian leat é a roinnt le roinnt.
VBA: Roinn roinnt cealla ag roinnt.
Anois roinntear gach uimhir i réimse roghnaithe ag uimhir 15.
B'fhéidir go bhfuil an cód VBA beagán deacair duit, an bhfuil modh éasca agus tapa ann chun déileáil leis an obair seo?
nótaí: Más mian leat foirmlí a chruthú chomh maith, seiceáil le do thoil Cruthaigh foirmlí rogha. Má tá na foirmlí i gceist sna cealla roghnaithe, agus nach mian leat torthaí ríomh an fhoirmle a roinnt, seiceáil le do thoil Scipeáil cealla foirmle rogha.
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0.951501 |
Employee sent an email to co-workers condemning the company after being put on an improvement programme.
An Amazon employee has reportedly thrown himself from a 12-storey building at the company's Seattle headquarters after being threatened with redundancy. The unidentified male is reported to have sent an email to colleagues including Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos before jumping from the roof in an apparent suicide attempt.
According to Bloomberg, the employee became distressed after he requested a transfer to another department within the company but was instead put on an "employee improvement plan", which can lead to termination of employment if performance isn't improved. Before jumping from the building at approximately 8:45am local time, the man left an email message criticising the company's handling of his transfer request and suggested that he planned to harm himself.
The email was read by hundreds of Amazon co-workers, including Bezos himself, reports Bloomberg. The employee survived the fall and was taken to a hospital in Seattle, where he is being treated for critical injuries.
Amazon said in a statement: "Our thoughts are with our colleague as he continues to recover. He's receiving some of the best care possible and we will be there to support him throughout the recovery process."
Amazon's work culture has come under intense scrutiny since the publication of a scathing expose by the New York Post in 2015, which claimed employees were expected to work punishing hours and encouraged to exploit each other in order to get ahead.
The company has also been accused of treating warehouse staff poorly in the past, leading to protests over workers' rights and minimum pay.
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0.999989 |
Consituency parsing aims to extract a constituency-based parse tree from a sentence that represents its syntactic structure according to a [phrase structure grammar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar). Example: Sentence (S) | +-------------+------------+ | | Noun (N) Verb Phrase (VP) | | John +-------+--------+ | | Verb (V) Noun (N) | | sees Bill [Recent approaches](https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5635-grammar-as-a-foreign-language.pdf) convert the parse tree into a sequence following a depth-first traversal in order to be able to apply sequence-to-sequence models to it. The linearized version of the above parse tree looks as follows: (S (N) (VP V N)).
Consituency parsing aims to extract a constituency-based parse tree from a sentence that represents its syntactic structure according to a phrase structure grammar.
Recent approaches convert the parse tree into a sequence following a depth-first traversal in order to be able to apply sequence-to-sequence models to it. The linearized version of the above parse tree looks as follows: (S (N) (VP V N)).
The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks in an encoder-decoder configuration.
Syntactic constituency parsing is a fundamental problem in natural language processing and has been the subject of intensive research and engineering for decades.
We revisit the momentum SGD algorithm and show that hand-tuning a single learning rate and momentum makes it competitive with Adam.
We extend our previous work on constituency parsing (Kitaev and Klein, 2018) by incorporating pre-training for ten additional languages, and compare the benefits of no pre-training, ELMo (Peters et al., 2018), and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018).
We demonstrate that replacing an LSTM encoder with a self-attentive architecture can lead to improvements to a state-of-the-art discriminative constituency parser.
We introduce recurrent neural network grammars, probabilistic models of sentences with explicit phrase structure.
Parsing accuracy using efficient greedy transition systems has improved dramatically in recent years thanks to neural networks.
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0.999497 |
My favourite piece of information is that Branwell Brontë, brother of Emily and Charlotte, died standing up leaning against a mantle piece, in order to prove it could be done.
This is not quite true, in fact. My absolute favourite piece of information is the fact that young sloths are so inept that they frequently grab their own arms and legs instead of tree limbs, and fall out of trees.
However, this is not relevant to what is currently on my mind because it concerns sloths, whereas the Branwell Brontë piece of information concerns writers and feeling like death and doing things to prove they can be done, all of which are pertinent to my current situation to a degree that is, frankly, spooky.
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0.999617 |
There is a famous saying that gives me a kid till he is seven and I will show to you the man. The fact of this saying is that we as parents influence the way as well as the rate at which kids grow just by how we bring them up when they are young.
As a parent you will need to be well aware that but having the right behavior of parenting to the kid, then you will encourage and also nurture the development of kindness, leadership, kindness as well as intrigue. Also, in case the parenting behavior are not ones that are right, the term is a high possibility that they will stump on the emotional development of the kid and thus resulting in the unwanted characteristics in the behavior of the kid at a later life. There are some parenting behavior that will come from a family that is loving though they are crippling to the later life of the kid. In this article, you are provided with some reviews of some of the most crippling behaviors that are exhibited by parents and which have a negative impact on the life of the kid.
One of this behavior which cripples the later development of the child is when you as a parent prevent the kid from experiencing risk. It is very true that as a loving parent we all want our kids not to go through some dangers of life and thus we protect them a lot. However, our obsession to ensure that our kids are safe will at times result in us preventing them from developing a mechanism for coping which is quite essential for later life.
The next crippling parenting behavior that loving parents exhibit to their kids is by praising the kids quite quickly. Its quote essential for you as a parent to ensure that you praise your kid though you will need to make sure that you dont praise them to practice as this will lead to a deserving of your child. When you have your kid about their minor achievements, this will detract them from getting well the praise that results from their big achievements.
You will also find that there are some parents who will end up making a mistake of using isolation when they are punishing their kid for some wrong that they did commit. Some of the most non-effective forms so punishment that is presented to the kids by their parents include where they are shut on their rooms or when they are given a silent treatment.
It will also be a good idea for you a parent to ensure that that you dont spoil your kid as this is also another crippling behavior for the later development of the kid.
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0.999954 |
The following events and venues match your search for "Very-Hungry-Caterpillar". To sort the list, click on the column header. To find tickets for the given event, date & time, click the tickets link in that row. To find events taking place at a matching venue, click that venue name.
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0.999718 |
Is your Facebook account image getting a little old and also stagnant? Change it up a little bit with these actions.
- Navigate to the image you desire to make use of for your profile.
- You'll after that be able to chop the image to your taste. Select "Save", as well as the picture is established as your account image.
- Login to the Facebook mobile site.
- Touch the "Menu" Menu Button button in the upper-left edge of the display.
- Navigate to the image you want to utilize for your account.
- Select the "Make Profile Picture" link, then pick "Confirm".
- Open up the Facebook application.
- Touch the "More" switch in the lower-right corner of the display.
- Select "Photos", after that browse to the picture you want to use.
- While the image is displayed on the screen, tap the 3 dots (...) at the top-right edge of the screen.
- Crop the photo, after that pick Done.
-Select "Photos", after that navigate to the photo you desire to use.
-While the picture is shown on the screen, tap the three dots (...) at the top-right corner of of the display.
-Plant the photo to your taste, after that choose Done when you're ended up.
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0.955982 |
There is an understandable fascination that many people have for cocktails: That so many drinks can be made from so relatively few ingredients. But with literally thousands of recipes on offer it is difficult to know where to begin. It is almost certain that too many cocktails get into books or lists, more because of their "cute" names, rather than for their raison d'etre. Unfortunately, calling a drink a "Widow's Kiss" or a "Horny Toad" can not compensate for an inferior blend. This collection differs from others in that it excludes the thousands of "never-once-ordered" recipes. Instead, we present a concise selection of Cocktail Classics - drinks which have been enjoyed for decades, often inspiring the creation of new recipes, and sometimes becoming a part of popular culture.
What is essentially required to make great cocktails?
Frank Meier, the head bartender at the Cambon bar, at the Paris Ritz during the 1920's and '30's, could make about 300 sophisticated cocktails from only 13 different bottles. These primary ingredients included: Anis, White Rum, Brandy, Champagne, White Curacao, Gin, Dry Vermouth, Sweet Vermouth, Port Wine, Bourbon or Rye Whiskey, Scotch Whisky, Bitters and Sherry. Added to this list was a range of fruits and other household condiments.
Despite changes in fashion, Meier's list requires only slight modifications for the aspiring home bartender. However, as with successful cooking, the quality of the ingredients cannot be over-emphasised. Don't try to make cocktails out of cheap liquors. As one enthusiast correctly observed: "We can no more build a fine cocktail on dollar gin than Whistler could paint his mother's portrait with barn paint". While the quality of a spirit or liqueur is most obviously detectable in simple drinks where only 2-3 ingredients are called for, most base spirits will still be discernable through even heavily blended cocktails. Therefore, buy the best you can afford. The following spirits, liqueurs and flavourings are enough to produce a good number of the common Cocktail Classics well. (If you are working to a strict budget, you can start out by choosing cocktails that use few ingredients).
(In some cases, flavoured cordials can be used instead of fresh juices, but the result will be inferior).
"Cocktail Hour": An Album Cover for the Norman Paris Trio. In the U.S., the fun of Cocktails became popular after the devastation of World War II was over.
(Note: Sugar Syrup is something that professional bartenders often buy ready made at specialist trade outlets. However, it is quite simple to make your own: Put 4 tablespoons of water and 4 tablespoons of caster sugar into a small saucepan and stir over a low heat until the sugar has dissolved. Bring to the boil, then continue to boil without stirring, for 1-2 minutes. Cool, then refrigerate in a covered container and keep for no longer than 2 weeks).
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0.977359 |
Is there a more up-todate way of prevention or cure that can protect all OR users from this problem if so What is it please?
if this is a worry to you or your users it is not hard to use &#64 in the email address when putting it into the database (just not sure how the mailto tag will read it.) since there is no email format check done.
Listen; in my extensive and almost rebuild of open-realty I decided to solve this spam issue once and for-all.
I use a simple contact manager form that on EACH AND EVERY agents page is a simple form that a visitor can submit and its processed to the php script called mailer.php The agent gets an email in their email box (which some have stupid hotmail accounts) and no-one is the wiser.
Um.. if your contact form uses a hidden to field then chances are the email address is in the page source and thus just as easily harvested by spammers.
Also.. wow.. bringing back an old topici ain't we??
Actually the email address is in the php script not in the html. Users can view source all they want and not see an email address.
My sincere appologies if this is an old issue.
Is there a place in the forum that addresses this as being solved?
Not sure about solved for sure but I've seen several solutions in the past few weeks being discussed in other areas... don't have links handy but I've been following them loosely as they've developed.
After spending the evening in the forums I found several solutions.
As a note.. I am takign core of the email harvesting and spam problem in 2.0. Will all be in alpha 2.
its the last one that causes the most grief (i know its a mod) as it has the highest number of emails to farm returned from the listing db.
Will Alpha 2 have an listing view agent contact form?
I thought that an email harvester wouldn't find the addresses until the query was completed, and since they wouldn't be completing any queries, the address wouldn't be visible to them.
Is that correct? I'm curious enough to download and run one against my own site to see what can be found.
Alpha 2 will have a contact agent form. Also the email firend form will be rewritten to help stop spam. I should get this all in early next week. Wrapping up one other thing here this week, then i am back to 2.0 full bore.
As I understand it, they bots harvest email addresses from the web page itself. I could be wrong but thats what I've come to understand. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
Yes the harvesters can harvest directly from the page's source code.
Which means if you use a contact form with the address embedded in the source in a hidden field it is still suscepible to being harvested.
The way to get around this is with a database query. If you make a contact form which only specifies the userID that the email is ment for then on a database query when the form is submitted it can pull the user's email address at that point and send the email address.. all without revealing the email address.
- Customers have greater respect for companies that include full phone numbers, real address and real email address.
- Some people prefer to use their email programs so that they can maintain records of email that they have sent or maintain records of email received attached to email that was sent.
- Most forms don't allow the user to send attachments and sometimes attachments (word documents etc) are the best way to communicate.
I don't know of 100 per cent full proof way of stopping spam but the following is a multi tier approach that I use.
1) Using my hosting providers CPanel interface I am able to create multiple email addresses, each being redirected to other email address. I am able to create [email protected] and have the email redirected to my normal email address.
2) The Cpanel interface also gives me various options for spam protection.
var vtf = " the following: "
var vhr = " <a hr"
I am expecting that most email harvesters work on the source code so the above is what is seen rather than the final displayed and linked email address.
Yup thats the one I am working on for 1.1.5b, taking the userID from the database and sending on the mail.
Apart from that All the other pages in 1.1.5b I have been up dated.
see demo at ORE site.
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0.986864 |
Will it cure my arthritis forever?
No. At the present time there are no cures for arthritis. Elmore Oil is designed to relieve pain and help manage the pain so that you can live an enjoyable life. The benefits of the product become greater the longer you use it, including improved circulation and more mobility of the joints.
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0.99962 |
To ask other readers questions about Imagine Me Gone, please sign up.
Is it a good idea to read this book if you have depression?
Mary Berger I wouldn't recommend it.
As someone who has dealt with mental illness in his family, I found Imagine Me Gone so honest and redemptive. Adam Haslett confronts the tough questions that come with loving someone in pain: how much do you try to save someone before you have to let them save themselves? How do you act with compassion when it feels like everyone needs more than you had to begin with? Where do you draw the line between wanting someone to live for your own sake instead of their own? These questions and more rang through my mind as I finished this book, along with gratitude that Haslett crafted such a somber, moving story of a damaged family forever in the process of healing.
Approach this book if you can stomach sadness; avoid it if you search only for happiness in your stories. Haslett's novel follows a five-member family that begins with Margaret and John, who marry each other in 1960s London even after Margaret learns of John's secret, devastating depression. The rest of the book unfolds in decades and includes the perspectives of their children: troubled and frenetic Michael, who obsesses over music and racial justice, resolute middle-child Celia, who serves as the rational backbone of the family, and attention-seeking Alec, whose flair for drama hides a love that Margaret deems the most simple and unquestioning of the three. The family struggles and at times succeeds in caring for one another over many years, and they intensify their efforts to support Michael as his well-being deteriorates as more and more time passes.
The characters in Imagine Me Gone exemplify quiet resilience. Haslett imbues each member of the family with nuance and depth. They come most alive in their interactions with one another: how Celia listens to Michael's fanatic rambles, how Margaret pays for his bills without question, how Alec attaches himself to all their problems and cannot let go. Each family member tests how deep and how far they can extend themselves for one another. Sometimes they fail, which makes them the most human of all.
I loved Haslett's careful, genuine approach to addressing mental health and illness in this book. He avoids glamorizing any of the characters' pain and renders them three-dimensional, giving them interests and quirks alongside their battles. He tackles the complexities of mental illness from multiple angles: Michael's fraught and damaging dependency on medication, Celia's profession as a therapist, and the family's shared trauma surrounding John's depression. Imagine Me Gone raises important questions about mental illness as the topic gains more attention in public discourse. As any good therapist would treat their clients, Haslett puts his characters first, and his compassion for them shines even when the novel itself feels shrouded in darkness.
Anyone one who has any type of mental illness, or who has a family member or friend who has struggled with one knows how pervasive it is. All consuming, bigger than life itself, so it is not surprising that this book is very difficult to read, disturbing and heartbreaking. Yet, the author does a wonderful job explaining not only the inner life of the sufferer but giving voice to all family members. He treats his characters, with insight, respect and compassion.
Michaels story is the most impactf Anyone one who has any type of mental illness, or who has a family member or friend who has struggled with one knows how pervasive it is. All consuming, bigger than life itself, so it is not surprising that this book is very difficult to read, disturbing and heartbreaking. Yet, the author does a wonderful job explaining not only the inner life of the sufferer but giving voice to all family members. He treats his characters, with insight, respect and compassion.
Michaels story is the most impactful in this novel, his story like the illness itself is large, larger than the other family members who tell their stories. This family though, has suffered plenty already and it is amazing how they all care for each other, try to take care of each other. Protect their mother and try continuously to help their brother. We get a pretty clear picture of Michael's illness, his obsessiveness, through his musings, his outlandish stories but the author also tries to show Michael as a person separate from his illness, his interest in music and his record collection, black history and reparations. Although everything he does is carried to the extreme, anxiety ridden.
This is not a book for everyone. It is plenty sad but it does show family unity, family and friends caring for each other, tying their best to get on with their own lives while still being there for the person, brother, son who needs them the most.
Update: 4/20/16 I wrote this review yesterday. I'm still thinking about this family -and the challenges they lived with. After talking to a friend about a disturbing scene-- I have chosen to 'update' this review --to give a 'warning'.
I don't want to give spoilers --but I think its fair to say --that this book might not be the best choice if you are living with a loved one who is very depressed, or suffers with a mental illness.
That said....its an insightful book -well written-much compassion.. Update: 4/20/16 I wrote this review yesterday. I'm still thinking about this family -and the challenges they lived with. After talking to a friend about a disturbing scene-- I have chosen to 'update' this review --to give a 'warning'.
That said....its an insightful book -well written-much compassion....with enjoyable -bright textured characters.
I suggest reading several reviews!
This was an engrossing look at the power of mental illness ---a deeply personal story about what happens when that power overwhelms a family of five.
a serious illness from different standpoints --the family: John, Margaret, Michael, Celia, and Alec.
What I found admirable, throughout this story, is blame was never a weapon ---however...through the storytelling ....( which feels so realistic), it's clear how messy and complicated it is in trying to help a person with this illness.
Very well written--( the multiple perspectives opens our eyes to what an entire family struggles with as a unit).
This is a compelling story revealing the human impact for those who suffer directly - and for those who love the sufferer.
medications ( what works -- what doesn't ) -- depression -- denial -- feeling helpless --guilt -- shame --isolation --codependency -- feeling empty -- or manipulated --but Adam Haslett wrote a compassionate story...each of the characters warmheartedness -- and their rapport with each other cultivate an inspiring presence -- regardless to limits around bailing others out and or listening to periodic tirades.
For family members in distress....this novel is gut wrenching...yet there 'are' many moments of 'Goosie-Good-Feelings', too!
What a quietly devastating book. It's written so naturally, just following the lives of its characters over decades without seeming like it's trying to make a statement or push an agenda. Haslett does not shy away from asking some tough questions and doesn't give easy answers. He brilliantly explores the themes of the novel for which mental illness is more of a catalyst than a direct focus.
Each of the characters in the five member family who the novel revolves around is as human as 5ish stars.
Each of the characters in the five member family who the novel revolves around is as human as any fictionalized character I can think of. In a lot of ways, Haslett's character work reminds me of Anne Tyler's which is as big a compliment as I can think of. Like Tyler, Haslett's compassion for his characters shines through though he makes no attempt to glamorize or justify any of them.
Each of the characters lives their own lives, has their own ups and downs and while none of them is defined by mental illness, it is continuously affecting each of them in various ways. Though we're never even told their last name, I recognize each of them, if not necessarily in myself then in other people I know and associate with. And not because I am aware of anyone dealing with the same challenges as this family- but because they're humans just trying to make it through whatever challenges life throws their way.
Imagi e Me G ne by Adam Haslett is a 2016 Little, Brown and Company publication.
Once more I have chosen a book that is pretty far outside of my normal reading range, continuing on my quest to expand my reading habits a little.
I had NO idea what to expect, really, but this novel is truly remarkable in its unflinching portrait of a family coping with mental illness.
When Margaret marries John she is fully aware of his bouts with depression, these ‘episodes’ he has, but she is in love with him and Imagi e Me G ne by Adam Haslett is a 2016 Little, Brown and Company publication.
When Margaret marries John she is fully aware of his bouts with depression, these ‘episodes’ he has, but she is in love with him and marries him despite the adversity they will face in life.
From that point on, the family they have together will often face insurmountable challenges, hardships and incredible pain as they watch the ones they love suffer from a slippery malady that draws them further and further from the love and warmth they need, but can’t seem to digest, as they continue to slide into a dark abyss.
First of all, this story is not a sugar coated, watered down for public consumption type of novel. It is realistic and stark, and because of the subject matter, it is heavy with little or no respite.
However, the characters are rich, well drawn, and I did care very much what happened to this family. I hoped with them, suffered with them, and cried with them, and you will too. Watching them work so hard to keep their heads above water, but seeing them flail about, drowning as the tide pulls them under, is difficult to watch. But, would I do anything differently? I don’t know. How far do you go for someone you love? Where do you become resigned to their fate? How do manage to let go?
While very thought provoking, raw, and emotional, this book is pretty sad and if you are not one who handles that kind of outcome, this is not the book for you.
I admit this is certainly not the type of book I would want to read too often, and I usually do steer away for anything that suggests a less than rosy outcome, but I am glad to see someone write such an honest and bold depiction of mental illness, one that will stick with you for a long time to come. I came away with much more insight about those who struggle with this disease and for the families and love ones who suffer through that journey along with them.
The Hook Many fine reviews from my GR friends, I saw this book everywhere. When it was on sale in e-book format I jumped at the opportunity to join the fans.
The Line Interestingly I did not highlight one word in this book.
The Sinker – More was promised than delivered. This is a difficult statement for me to make about a book that has garnered such high praise. I liked it. I didn’t love it. Though well written, Imagi*e Me Go*e left me with little emotional impact. Depression and mental illness a The Hook Many fine reviews from my GR friends, I saw this book everywhere. When it was on sale in e-book format I jumped at the opportunity to join the fans.
The Sinker – More was promised than delivered. This is a difficult statement for me to make about a book that has garnered such high praise. I liked it. I didn’t love it. Though well written, Imagi*e Me Go*e left me with little emotional impact. Depression and mental illness are hard subjects to explore. Haslett captures the helplessness of a family to deal with the mental swings of a loved one. Perhaps this one hits too close to home so that decisions made in portrayal of characters and their outcome seem off. Perhaps I didn’t care enough to try to save anyone. Perhaps that was the point. A loved one who is mentally ill consumes a great deal of energy and I just didn’t have it for this book.
What kills me is I had Adam Haslett's Imagine Me Gone on my e-book queue for well over six months. Even after the announcement of its inclusion on the National Book Award shortlist, even after reading slobbery reviews of it (particularly the one in the NY Times), even after my trusted friend Julie gave Haslett's short story collection You Are Not a Stranger Here a glowing 5-star review here on Goodreads, I steadfastly kept ignoring its presence on my queue until the Pulitzer Prizes were announced two days ago, when I learned this had lost out to the terrific The Underground Railroad for the coveted honor. Curiosity won out over my aversion to dip into (what every review I've read has highlighted, sometimes pejoratively) a novel about mental health disorders and their effect on the family unit.
What a bonehead move it was to delay reading this. I was completely blown away with Haslett's spin on the overly familiar "Familial Dysfunction" genre.
It wasn't 'love at first read', though. It took me a while to really immerse myself into the travails of this family-of-five, as related in a revolving first person p.o.v. It becomes immediately apparent that something is amiss with the brood of John and Margaret, intimating something dire is about to unfold (in the present) but Haslett's going to take his sweet time dissecting (via life-long flashback) every little element of the mess intimated at the start. What starts as perfunctory turns painstakingly detailed as the siblings (the loquacious fabulist elder Michael, his younger sibs Celia and Alec), then Mom and Dad, give us pertinent clues that there's something awful brewing in this family's core. Once you think you might have a handle on the root cause, Haslett throws a subtle curveball to alter your perception ever so slightly. Yeah, most assuredly, Dad's going through some major depression issues, which inevitably affect the overall dynamic, but why? And what the hell is up with Michael? Who seems perpetually to be in la-la land, from adolescence through middle-age?? Who is stuck in a soundtrack loop of disco/house/trip-hop/acid electronica/thrash and whose thought patterns and convo are bizarrely in stasis mode obsessing over slavery and reparations White America owes blacks??
The initial slow burn smolders to a crackling inferno by book's end, with every character either being a sympathetic figure, or at very least relatable. The exhaustive exposition evidenced at the start, we end up realizing, is not wasted blah-blah. You end up figuring out early what's going to happen, but it's the whys that will (if you're anything like me and can see yourself in these finely-drawn characters) end up rattling you to the core and render you blubbering by book's end.
This book starts with a contemplative tone but is quickly plagued by pages of dragging exposition. Haslett structured his narrative from different viewpoints, with each chapter narrated by a different character from a single family. The focus in the early pages is mostly on the father, John, a reserved man who’s struggled with mental illness but seems to be managing well at this point.
Characters are mildly interesting, and Haslett gave them distinct voices. He did include dialogue to break up the large blocks of exposition and add some verve to the story, but it can be annoying to read, as it’s not set off from the paragraphs, nor is it contained within quotation marks. It’s also on the sparse side.
In some ways the story in these first 57 pages is too ruminative; the opening lacks punch to hook the reader and therefore requires patience. There’s a strong melancholy feel to all of it, a passivity that Haslett probably felt made sense given the premise but can be a real slog after a short while.
Final verdict: A story about a man with depression that starts off depressingly. Skip it.
This is a close-knit family, but not so closely knit that everything always holds together. Bits unravel here and there as individuals try to break free of the demands of caring for the people they love but who wear them out. They each have their own ways of antagonising the others . . . but also of caring deeply and looking after the others.
Each chapter is told by one member: John and Margaret, the parents of Michael, Celia and Alec.
There is a point later in the book where John has come home from work and she knows he’s worried.
And that says it all about his background. Don’t talk about it, and maybe it will go away.
But it doesn’t. It comes and goes, Margaret’s exhausted with three kids and also because John’s exhausted, since that’s what depression does. Michael is particularly trying.
He’s an articulate, difficult young teen (probably “on the spectrum” we might say today), who talks about and collects music. Insightful and bright beyond his years, he is also extremely needy. Actually they are all needy, but Michael’s seems to be a more in-your-face I-NEED-YOU-NOW-OR-ELSE kind of needy.
When they take a cruise ship back to England, Michael writes a detailed diary of the voyage, where all the passengers were greased up, chained in irons and sold as slaves at ports along the way. This fantasy introduces both his imagination and his obsessive theory that there is a universal black memory of the slave trade that haunts and affects today’s black society and music. A permanent, genetic haunting that nobody’s acknowledging except him.
He also becomes obsessed with black people and certain kinds of music, and I admit I became as exasperated with all these esoteric (to me) musical references as almost everyone in his life is. As an adult, he makes mix tapes, is a DJ, writes music reviews, but smothers the people he loves and fixates on. He catalogues his various medications, but when he’s down, he relies on his family and exes to talk him through it for hours.
Each member of the family is a strong character, and I was taken with the fact that all the voices are quite different. I don’t recall ever trying to remember whose story I was reading. We might think we know what WE would do in their circumstances, but when we see Celia, for example, as an adult in San Francisco talking on the phone to one of the others, we watching her slip back into family mode, as most of us do. Perfectly done.
John used to play “Imagine Me Gone” with his kids – get them out in a boat, stop the engine, and pretend to nap, telling them they had to figure out how to get them all home. Suddenly he is imagining - What if?
Michael is the most annoying character, but he is also so smart and sardonic and funny in his way, and the others have such strong stories of their own, that it’s a very satisfying book.
I really loved it. Many thanks to NetGalley and Little, Brown, and Company for a copy to review. All quotations are from the review copy and subject to change.
I've put off writing this review for far too long, because I just don't know what to say. It did draw me in at the beginning, but then kept me at a distance from the characters.
In the story, a fathers mental illness is passed to one of the sons, and is told through his eyes. While this gave me an inside look at the thoughts and actions of one with such an illness, it also distanced me from the deeper emotions of the family. I was left with a feeling of this is what happened. For me, I really mi I've put off writing this review for far too long, because I just don't know what to say. It did draw me in at the beginning, but then kept me at a distance from the characters.
In the story, a fathers mental illness is passed to one of the sons, and is told through his eyes. While this gave me an inside look at the thoughts and actions of one with such an illness, it also distanced me from the deeper emotions of the family. I was left with a feeling of this is what happened. For me, I really missed not having a more personal connection to the story.
On the surface, this might appear to be just another story of a middle-class American family, but this book has a lot more to recommend it than that. The core of the story is about the effects of mental illnesses and the drugs that are used to treat them. There are also a lot of musical and literary reference points, and a lot of humour.
The book opens at a crisis point involving two brothers staying in a remote cabin on the Maine coast, whose context becomes clear towards the end of the book. Th On the surface, this might appear to be just another story of a middle-class American family, but this book has a lot more to recommend it than that. The core of the story is about the effects of mental illnesses and the drugs that are used to treat them. There are also a lot of musical and literary reference points, and a lot of humour.
The book opens at a crisis point involving two brothers staying in a remote cabin on the Maine coast, whose context becomes clear towards the end of the book. The rest of the book is told chronologically over a period of over 25 years. Each chapter is told by a first person narrator (in my edition these were all named in the chapter headings, but I have heard that in others some of the chapters including the opening one were not), and different members of the family add context and variety.
There are five main characters, the parents John and Margaret and their children Michael, Celia and Alec. John is British, and has a good job as a venture capitalist, but suffers occasional episodes of debilitating mental illness. In a key chapter of this section that prefigures later events, John takes the two younger children out on a boat, and challenges them to imagine that he is dead and they have to fend for themselves. The first part of the book is largely about the effect of this on each of the children (view spoiler)[, and ends with his suicide (hide spoiler)].
The central figure in the rest of the story is Michael, who is haunted by his father and wants to protect the family, but has mental issues of his own and becomes dependent on prescription drugs which eventually make it impossible for him to lead a normal life. Much of the humour on the book comes from his writing, for example a series of letters he writes on the family's transatlantic sea voyage which gradually become a bizarre fantasy, and allows Haslett to explore his other obsessions: music, literature and the history of black America. Another major subplot is the story of Alec, the youngest child, and his struggles to reconcile the family and his gay lifestyle.
How much are we willing to sacrifice to help those we love? Are we willing to put aside our own happiness for a fleeting chance at saving another?
When Margaret learns that her fiancée John has been hospitalized for depression, it throws her completely. This is 1960s London and she is a transplanted American, in love with John's professional and public steadfastness and his emotional vulnerability when the two are alone. She knows she must make a choice: should she support John through his time o How much are we willing to sacrifice to help those we love? Are we willing to put aside our own happiness for a fleeting chance at saving another?
When Margaret learns that her fiancée John has been hospitalized for depression, it throws her completely. This is 1960s London and she is a transplanted American, in love with John's professional and public steadfastness and his emotional vulnerability when the two are alone. She knows she must make a choice: should she support John through his time of need and marry him despite not knowing whether his illness will return (as it has in the past), or should she try and find a way out, follow a steadier and more certain path?
Her decision to put her faith in John and their love seems like the right one at first. The couple raises three children, but Margaret realizes she needs to be the realistic one, the disciplinarian, while John's more mercurial moods endear him to their children. It's not long before it becomes clear that their eldest son, Michael, intense, passionate, and fiercely intelligent, is plagued by many of the same demons his father is. This manifests itself into borderline obsessive emotional attachments with women, and the same type of obsessive belief in certain social causes.
As Michael struggles with adulthood, love, employment, and simply surviving on a daily basis, it falls to Margaret and her two other children, Celia and Alec, to care for him, to endure his mood swings and his anxieties, and protect both Michael and their mother from the challenges of a life plagued by mental illness and anguish. But to do so, Celia and Alec must put their own relationships and careers at risk, which becomes a more difficult choice when having to do it time and time again.
As you'd expect from a book about a family's struggles with mental illness, Imagine Me Gone is moving and poignant. Adam Haslett, whose previous books ( You Are Not a Stranger Here and Union Atlantic ) dazzled me, is a tremendously talented writer, and he has created vivid, complex characters, none more so than Michael. My challenge with this book, however, is that in telling the book from each character's perspective, Haslett chooses to tell Michael's story through his delusions, fantasies, obsessions, and paranoia. It makes the book, particularly his chapters, difficult to read and understand, and while they give insight into Michael's mind, they don't advance the story in any way.
This is a well-told story of a family barely holding themselves together. But while the story is an emotional one, I had trouble connecting with it in many places. It almost seemed that Michael's psychological issues, told in vivid color, dulled everyone else's stories alongside his. But Haslett's writing is still something to behold.
NetGalley and Little, Brown and Company provided me an advance copy of the book in exchange for an unbiased review. Thanks for making this available!
Ο Haslett επιλέγει την πολυπρόσωπη αφήγηση, από την οπτική γωνία όλων των ηρώων της οικογένειας και μας βυθίζει στον εσωτερικό κόσμο του κάθε μέλους για να μας διηγηθεί την ιστορία της.
Η οικογένεια που αποτελείται από τον Τζον, τη Μάργκαρετ και τα τέκνα τους Άλεκ, Σίλια και Μάικλ, δεν είναι φυσιολογική.
Στην μέση βρίσκονται η μητέρα Μάργκαρετ και τα παιδιά Σίλια και Άλεκ που προσπαθούν να ισορροπήσουν τις δικές τους ανάγκες με των ανθρώπων που αγαπούν.
Η υπόθεση ακούγεται μελαγχολική, μπορεί να προκαλεί έως και δυσφορία, όμως όχι.
Η πολυφωνία της αφήγησης αυτό το υπέροχο σύμπλεγμα εσωτερικών αφηγήσεων βοηθάει την διήγηση να γίνεται ανάλαφρη. Βιώνουμε την δυσλειτουργία των ηρώων χωρίς να μας μεταφέρεται εξίσου το βάρος των καταστάσεων. Διότι η κάθε φωνή, ο κάθε ήρωας είναι ξεχωριστός. Άλλος αστεία σαρκαστικός, άλλος ρομαντικός, άλλος αφηρημένος και ξέγνοιαστος. Ο καθένας με το δικό του ύφος και λεξιλόγιο.
Το ωραιότερο όμως είναι ότι οι αδυναμίες τους δεν είναι ενοχλητικές για τον αναγνώστη. Μαθαίνουμε τα ελαττώματα τους, διαβάζουμε τα πάντα με συμπάθεια, κατανόηση και ίσως με αγάπη. Διότι ο ίδιος ο συγγραφέας αγαπά τους ήρωες του. Και αυτό μας το μεταφέρει με κάθε μέσο.
Η αφήγηση έχει χιούμορ – θα αργήσετε να ξεπεράσετε την αφήγηση του Μάικλ κατά την διάρκεια της κρουαζιέρας, πιστέψτε με- και τρυφερότητα.
Ως αναγνώστρια αυτό που εκτίμησα ιδιαίτερα είναι ότι όταν διαβάζω ένα καλογραμμένο βιβλίο, ανακαλύπτω με μία μικρή ενόχληση ένα στήσιμο, μια προσπάθεια του συγγραφέα να βρει όμορφες λέξεις και βαθιά νοήματα και έπειτα να τα κολλήσει με το τσιγκέλι στην ιστορία που διηγείται. Στο βιβλίο του Haslett αντιθέτως, η διήγηση κυλάει τόσο φυσιολογικά, όσο απλή είναι μια αυθόρμητη σκέψη. Το να τις παρουσιάσει με τόση φυσική ευκολία θέλει μεγάλο ταλέντο.
Quantas vezes somos confrontados com aquelas situações X versus Y, em que há uma balança imaginária onde pesamos X e Y em pratos opostos?!
Um confronto entre Amor e Depressão, abordado com grande complexidade e realismo.
A narrativa tem uma passada lenta, mas o seu tema cativante emerge, captando o nosso interesse.
Aguentem o primeiro terço sem desistir, pois verão a vossa resistência recompensada!
Why I am so drawn to sad stories? Of all the novels that I read, it is the ones full of tragedy that I remember - their sentences rattle around in my head for months and cause me to well up at the most random moments. Imagine Me Gone is one such book, a real heartbreaker.
At the beginning, we meet Alec, who has been staying at a Maine cabin with his older brother Michael. The details are still unclear, but it is obvious that something has gone wrong. We then flash back to when the pair were much Why I am so drawn to sad stories? Of all the novels that I read, it is the ones full of tragedy that I remember - their sentences rattle around in my head for months and cause me to well up at the most random moments. Imagine Me Gone is one such book, a real heartbreaker.
At the beginning, we meet Alec, who has been staying at a Maine cabin with his older brother Michael. The details are still unclear, but it is obvious that something has gone wrong. We then flash back to when the pair were much younger. Michael is a sarcastic teenager obsessed with music, while Alec is a mischievous kid with a flair for the dramatic. Alternate chapters are told by each family member, including their sister Celia, and parents Margaret & John. Margaret remembers her courtship with John years earlier, and the crippling depression that took hold of him following their engagement. John is still hounded by the illness and fears that he may have passed it on to his children. We follow the siblings as they navigate their lives, growing apart yet still held together by that familial bond. Michael's increasing anxiety is an obstacle that must be faced, but also a challenge that unites them all.
"There is no getting better. There is love I cannot bear, which has kept me from drifting entirely loose. There are the medicines I can take that flood my mind without discrimination, slowing the monster, moving the struggle underwater, where I then must live in the murk. But there is no killing the beast. Since I was a young man, it has hunted me. And it will hunt me until I am dead. The older I become, the closer it gets."
"For that hour and the three or four that followed, I was lifted down off a hook in the back of my skull that I hadn’t even known I’d been hanging from. Here was the world unfettered by dread. Thoughts came, lasted for whole, uninterrupted moments, and then passed away, leaving room for others. The present had somehow ceased to be an emergency. In fact, it seemed almost uneventful."
A very difficult read about mental illness. I had to skim over certain parts due to the manic dialog at times. Wonderful writing, however, for this Pulitzer Prize finalist.
Mental illness plagues two generations of an Anglo-American family in Haslett’s moving second novel. Narration duties are split between the five members: father John, mother Margaret, and siblings Alec, Michael, and Celia. By giving each main character a first-person voice, Haslett offers readers a full picture of how mental illness takes a toll not only on sufferers but also on those who love and care for them. John’s descriptions of what mental illness is like are among the most striking passa Mental illness plagues two generations of an Anglo-American family in Haslett’s moving second novel. Narration duties are split between the five members: father John, mother Margaret, and siblings Alec, Michael, and Celia. By giving each main character a first-person voice, Haslett offers readers a full picture of how mental illness takes a toll not only on sufferers but also on those who love and care for them. John’s descriptions of what mental illness is like are among the most striking passages in the book. Michael’s sections are wonderfully humorous, a nice counterbalance to some of the aching sadness. The multiple points of view fit together beautifully in this four-decade family symphony, although I sometimes felt that Celia was one main character too many – her story doesn’t contribute very much to the whole. A powerful read for fans of family stories.
I didn't finish this book, so I'm not going to give it a rating, but I really didn't like it.
It could be that I'm not smart enough for this novel. It could be I'm not dumb enough for it. It could be that I'm not sympathetic enough, or enlightened enough, or flexible enough, to enjoy this novel.
I don't know what the case is, but I got to 51% and I just couldn't take any more.
The characters are completely self-absorbed and one-note. The narrative is so convoluted I'm still not sure what was I didn't finish this book, so I'm not going to give it a rating, but I really didn't like it.
The characters are completely self-absorbed and one-note. The narrative is so convoluted I'm still not sure what was supposed to have "really" happened and what was all in their heads. The language is weird and not conducive to understanding. The breadth of the novel, the actual time-lapse span of it, is not engaging to me. The multiple points-of-view made it hard to connect with any of the characters, in and of itself.
In short, there is too much to explain, so let me sum up: I quit.
Having had the privilege of translating Haslett's book into Greek, I'd begin by saying that it is emphatically not an easy read. And not because of the seemingly obvious reason of its subject, but rather for the opposite: the fact that mental illness and suicide are not straightforward calamities, evolving (or devolving) in the rational, causal manner one unfamiliar with suffering of them might imagine.
Mental illness is a tangle of thorns within a tangle of thorns: a complex, burdensome life wi Having had the privilege of translating Haslett's book into Greek, I'd begin by saying that it is emphatically not an easy read. And not because of the seemingly obvious reason of its subject, but rather for the opposite: the fact that mental illness and suicide are not straightforward calamities, evolving (or devolving) in the rational, causal manner one unfamiliar with suffering of them might imagine.
Mental illness is a tangle of thorns within a tangle of thorns: a complex, burdensome life within the life we're given (without being asked whether we want it or not, or whether we can handle the added, lifelong burden that is mortality), it's a family of one within the family of many, the distorted reflection of a reflection - hence a situation seeming to spread ad infinitum, swallowing up everything in its course.
Haslett has written a subtle, quietly harrowing book, a polyphonic masterpiece that defies narrative norms and the usual treatment of thorny issues, and instead delves into the abovementioned chaos fearlessly, indulging its quintessential clamor and discontent. He treats suicide (especially that of a parent) as the perennial landmine it is, maiming and dismembering the survivors till there seems to be nothing left of them at all, other than the grim privilege of belonging to this private group of lifelong trauma. At the same time, he treats the lighter aspects of his characters' lives with the same uncanny precision and wisdom, like a sufferer familiar both with pain and the deliverance from it, the happiness of not having to struggle through each day in a state of constant torment.
This book at times hollows you out, it destroys you. But it's a wonder of the book nonetheless, one whose brilliance stays with you.
"The beast is a projector too, every day throwing up before me pictures of what I'm incapable of."
This novel made me catch my breath. Every reader experiences a story differently, especially when the fiction is close to realities they have lived or witnessed. Anyone having dealt with mental health issues will feel a deeper pain for the characters- every single one of them. Every person in the novel has a pain that is rightfully their own. Such pain doesn't require permission, it is like another "The beast is a projector too, every day throwing up before me pictures of what I'm incapable of."
This novel made me catch my breath. Every reader experiences a story differently, especially when the fiction is close to realities they have lived or witnessed. Anyone having dealt with mental health issues will feel a deeper pain for the characters- every single one of them. Every person in the novel has a pain that is rightfully their own. Such pain doesn't require permission, it is like another family member. It all begins with a choice Margaret makes to marry John knowing that something is wrong with him. When the children come along Margaret has to deal with a balance that seems to weigh far more heavily on her side and there are signs their son Michael is different though brilliant. It isn't long before things crumble. As the children grow up, they both love their father and resent his illness. The struggle between the shame and guilt they feel is written beautifully. "I can see in his eyes how hard he's trying not to pity me. This is what I do to them. Over and over." My heart broke so much, and I am reminded of how little we really do to help those who have mental disabilities. It isn't a feel good novel where some cure or solution appears and suddenly everyone is happy and functional. This is a raw look at one family moving forward and coping the best they can, trying their hardest to support their husband, son, brother. But this story took a big bite out of my heart. It's a brave fight for anyone dealing with mental illness themselves or their loved ones. It is depressing and it doesn't have to be this way- this is a tragic tale. There are people that are finding great treatment and support, and those who aren't should be and deserve it. But this story is heavy and isn't positive, but some stories do end in tragedy.
If anything, I think this sheds light on just how much families need support as much as the person suffering through their illness (mental or otherwise). We all need someone to lean on, we can't always just be a rock. There is still a big stigma on mental illness regardless of what people lead you to believe. Much of the ignorance is fear based , and there is so much more that needs to be done because everyone deserves a fruitful life. We really should explore the human mind more.
[4+] Imagine Me Gone, about the toll of mental illness on a family, crept up on me gradually. I probably would have abandoned it after a few dozen pages if not for Haslett's wonderful writing. Page by page, I become more involved with each family member until they all felt like family to me. This is a heartbreaking and loving novel.
“Imagine Me Gone” will be on many “Best of 2016” book lists. This amazing read illustrates how mental illness is exhausting, time consuming, and financially devistatiing for the friends and families of those sufferers. Mental illness affects not just the ones who have the illness; mental illness affects the sufferer’s loved ones as well. Although the subject matter is depressing, author Adam Haslett adds laugh-out-loud humor to balance the read, to make it more readable.
The novel begins at the e “Imagine Me Gone” will be on many “Best of 2016” book lists. This amazing read illustrates how mental illness is exhausting, time consuming, and financially devistatiing for the friends and families of those sufferers. Mental illness affects not just the ones who have the illness; mental illness affects the sufferer’s loved ones as well. Although the subject matter is depressing, author Adam Haslett adds laugh-out-loud humor to balance the read, to make it more readable.
The novel begins at the end: Michael, the eldest of Margaret and John’s children has died while staying at a vacation home in Maine. His younger brother, Alec, was with him.
Haslett goes from there to the beginning. Told from Margaret’s (the mother) point of view, Margaret tells of her introduction to John (father). A few months before their wedding, Margaret discovers that John suffers from bouts of severe depression with the severity so bad that it necessitates hospitalization. This part of the story takes place in the mid 1960’s, and both the doctors and parents aren’t as forthcoming about the illness as they could have been. Margaret blindly goes into marriage with John and has three children with him. The reader learns from Margaret the difficulty living and parenting with an unstable person.
Michael, the oldest of the children provides the most entertainment in the novel. His mind is fast and it’s always churning. He’s imaginative and clever, and he has an anxiety disorder. Half of his chapters are hilarious. The other half showcases the agonizing and paralyzing thoughts of his unquiet mind.
John’s(the father) chapters are sad. He understands his flaws and the heartache it brings to his family. He is aware; he just can’t do anything about it. The reader sees how he is immobilized by his disability.
Haslett is astounding in using Michael and John to illuminate to the reader the horrific inner worlds of mental illness. Haslett is no stranger to these illnesses. In an NPR interview he revealed that his father killed himself when Haslett was 14 and his brother suffered from an anxiety disorder. Haslett used his life experiences to bring reality to this novel.
The voices of the siblings, Alec and Celia allow the reader to understand how siblings and children of the afflicted are in constant worry and frustration. Mental illness is soul-sucking and distracting. Growing up is difficult under the best family situation; this adds another layer of family dysfunction.
For me, one of the most illuminating pieces of this novel is the pharmaceutical issue. Mental illness is fluid; it’s difficult to gauge the ebb and flow, thus thereby difficult prescribing the correct type of meds in the correct doses. The body builds tolerances to some meds, which requires upping the doses. Additionally, the side effects of some of the meds out-weigh some of the benefits.
This is a novel that is brilliant on so many levels: it gives light to mental illness; it gives voices to those affected; it enlightens those who know individuals and families suffering; it questions proper treatment of those afflicted. And finally, it’s a fabulous read. This read is beautiful and insightful. It’s at times heart-wrenchingly devastating. At other times it’s witty and fun. It’s a slice of life. I highly recommend it.
I could NOT put this book down! I laughed , I cried, I sobbed. . . This story, these characters will stay with me for a very long time.
I felt Celia’s portrayal of a social worker was spot on, and I personally learned so much from her. I learned so much from this family!
4.5 stars - This is a heart breaking story of a family and their struggles to deal with mental illness. I listened to the audio and really enjoyed it.
Я не знаю, бывают ли в Америке семьи не с тремя детьми; судя по художественной литературе, нет. Авторы настойчиво сообщают миру, что там, где трое детей, дела обычно идут не очень (сюрприз!), а счастья на троих не хватает совершенно точно никогда.
Imagine Me Gone не отступает от канона: у нас есть сын-всезнайка (Майкл), дочь-спортсменка (Силия) и младшенький (Алек), которого все шпыняют. Папа - добрый и британец, но без пяти минут безработный. Мама всегда заказывает в ресторане самое дешевое блюд Я не знаю, бывают ли в Америке семьи не с тремя детьми; судя по художественной литературе, нет. Авторы настойчиво сообщают миру, что там, где трое детей, дела обычно идут не очень (сюрприз!), а счастья на троих не хватает совершенно точно никогда.
Imagine Me Gone не отступает от канона: у нас есть сын-всезнайка (Майкл), дочь-спортсменка (Силия) и младшенький (Алек), которого все шпыняют. Папа - добрый и британец, но без пяти минут безработный. Мама всегда заказывает в ресторане самое дешевое блюдо и мечтает остановить мгновение, чтобы хоть раз посмотреть на детей, а не только слушать и отвечать на их непрекращающиеся вопросы. Чтобы как-то развеяться, семья уезжает на дачу, но мы-то знаем, что в плане развеяться уединенный домик в лесу у озера - точно не самый подходящий вариант, особенно если у папы - наследственная клиническая депрессия.
Хронология романа построена нелинейно, и мы то едем с Маргарет в Англию знакомиться с будущим мужем, то бежим с Алеком на электричку, чтобы не опоздать на рождественский обед, то узнаем, почему Силия прогуливала работу прошлым летом. Дети растут, и каждый из них приятно похож на себя в детстве, но уже вооруженного граблями. Самые классные грабли - у Майкла, они ему достались от отца, и примерно всю книгу другие члены семьи пытаются понять, что же им делать с этими горе-садоводами.
Центральная тема романа, да и не только она, сильно перекликается с "Маленькой жизнью" (очень видно, что автор ее читал, у него даже есть свой Виллем!): взаимоотношения страдальца (я не паясничаю) и любящих его людей. Нужно ли спасать? Можно ли спасать? Можно ли спасти? Как поддержать, как дать не погибнуть, а если не дать, то как быть с собственной совестью? Где заканчивается любовь и начинается давление? Откуда брать силы, а также терпение, доброту и деньги на лечение?
This was an incredibly moving & vivid story! While mental illness is a very serious issue for a novel, the author somehow manages to convey the desperate intensity along with writing eloquently & beautifully about the family bonds and even making me laugh out loud at times. It is a work of art. When I wasn't reading it, I was thinking about it.
Το μυθιστόρημα "Κι αν εγώ χαθώ" του βραβευμένου Αμερικανού Adam Haslett, που κυκλοφορεί από τις εκδόσεις Μεταίχμιο, είναι ένα από εκείνα που διάβασα το καλοκαίρι και με προβλημάτισε σε πολλά επίπεδα. Θα έλεγα πως μου δημιούργησε την ίδια αμηχανία με το "Still Alice", αφού και τα δύο έχουν κοινό πυρήνα. Τι θα κάναμε αν ένας πολύ δικός μας άνθρωπος, ένας άνθρωπος που τον αγαπάμε, αντιμετώπιζε ένα πολύ δύσκολο πρόβλημα στο οποίο, ίσως, δεν μπορούσαμε να συνεισφέρουμε με τον κατάλληλο τρόπο. Ο λόγος Το μυθιστόρημα "Κι αν εγώ χαθώ" του βραβευμένου Αμερικανού Adam Haslett, που κυκλοφορεί από τις εκδόσεις Μεταίχμιο, είναι ένα από εκείνα που διάβασα το καλοκαίρι και με προβλημάτισε σε πολλά επίπεδα. Θα έλεγα πως μου δημιούργησε την ίδια αμηχανία με το "Still Alice", αφού και τα δύο έχουν κοινό πυρήνα. Τι θα κάναμε αν ένας πολύ δικός μας άνθρωπος, ένας άνθρωπος που τον αγαπάμε, αντιμετώπιζε ένα πολύ δύσκολο πρόβλημα στο οποίο, ίσως, δεν μπορούσαμε να συνεισφέρουμε με τον κατάλληλο τρόπο. Ο λόγος της αμηχανίας μου αυτής έχει να κάνει με δύο πράγματα. Πρώτον με το πως θ' αντιμετώπιζα εγώ μια παρόμοια κατάσταση, άρα με προκάλεσε ηθικά, και δεύτερον με το πως θ' αντιμετωπίσει το βιβλίο κάποιος που δεν έχει ιδέα τι σημαίνει να έχεις στην οικογένειά σου ένα άτομο με ψυχολογική διαταραχή οποιασδήποτε μορφής.
Η Μάργκαρετ είναι μια νέα γυναίκα που θα βρεθεί μπροστά σ' ένα πολύ μεγάλο δίλημμα, όταν ο αρραβωνιαστικός της διαγνωστεί και νοσηλευτεί με κατάθλιψη. Ή θα πρέπει να τον εγκαταλείψεις και να συνεχίσει τη ζωή της μακριά απ' αυτόν, ή να σταθεί στο πλευρό του και να τον στηρίξει, υλοποιώντας τα όνειρα που έχει κάνει μαζί του. Τελικά, επιλέγει το δεύτερο, με τους δυο τους να δημιουργούν οικογένεια και ν' αποκτούν τρία παιδιά. Η Μάργκαρετ, όμως, ξεχωρίζει στην καρδιά της το μεγαλύτερο εξ αυτών, τον Μάικλ, που αν και είναι ένα χαρισματικό πλάσμα, πάσχει από αγχώδη διαταραχή, μια συνθήκη που όλοι μαζί προσπαθούν να τον βοηθήσουν να την διαχειριστεί όσο καλύτερα γίνεται, δεδομένου ότι η κατάστασή του ολοένα και χειροτερεύει.
Σε μια ιστορία όπως αυτή θα ήταν δύσκολο, έτσι κι αλλιώς, να διαχειριστεί κανείς την ψυχοσύνθεση ενός και μόνο ατόμου με ψυχολογικές διαταραχές, αν κι εφόσον είναι σε θέση ν' αντιληφθεί πόσο σοβαρές είναι αυτές, αλλά και πόσο επικίνδυνη μπορεί να είναι η εξέλιξή τους. Σκεφτείτε, λοιπόν, να πρέπει ν' αντιμετωπίσουμε δύο ασθενείς οι οποίοι, μάλιστα, βρίσκονται σε δύο εκ διαμέτρου αντίθετα άκρα. Ο μεν Τζον, εξαιτίας της κατάθλιψής του, έχει ένα μόνιμο αίσθημα κενότητας, σαν κάτι να του λείπει και να μην είναι πλήρης, ώστε να μπορέσει να νιώσει πραγματικά ευτυχισμένος, ενώ ο γιος του, Μάικλ, τα βιώνει όλα τόσο έντονα και δυνατά, που το να νιώθει είναι επίπονο και οδυνηρό, οδηγώντας σε έκρυθμες συμπεριφορές και ξεσπάσματα. Και ανάμεσα σε αυτούς τους δύο πόλους, βρίσκονται τα υπόλοιπα τρία μέλη της οικογένειας, που αν και απολύτως φυσιολογικά, δεν μπορούν να έχουν μια φυσιολογική ζωή, γιατί ο άξονας αυτής είναι προβληματικός και δυσκίνητος.
Η αφήγηση δεν θα λέγαμε πως έχει ιδιαίτερο νεύρο ή ένταση, κάτι που μπορεί να κουράσει κάποιους αναγνώστες, αλλά πρέπει να έχουμε στο πίσω μέρος του μυαλού μας πως ο Haslett δεν είχε πρόθεση να δημιουργήσει ένα μυθιστόρημα που θα καθηλώσει με τις εξελίξεις του, αλλά που θα προβληματίσει, θα συγκινήσει και θα προσφέρει τροφή για σκέψη στον αναγνώστη του, πράγμα που πετυχαίνει στο μέγιστο βαθμό. Και μπορεί η αφηγηματική τεχνική του να φαντάζει κάπως επιτηδευμένη στα σημεία, με τον ίδιο να προσπαθεί να μας εντυπωσιάσει με μια γλαφυρότητα που -ίσως- είναι υπερβολική και αχρείαστη, όμως την ίδια στιγμή, έχει καταφέρει να δημιουργήσει ένα σύμπλεγμα χαρακτήρων ολότελα διαφορετικών μεταξύ τους, που ως μονάδα είναι απόλυτα ολοκληρωμένος, και που ως σύνολο, σε αλληλεπίδραση με τους άλλους, συμπληρώνει αυτό που χρειάζεται προκειμένου όλο αυτό να λειτουργήσει.
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An essential part of this pest control agreement and treatment is the cooperation of the Purchaser with Bust-A-Bug during the lifetime of this agreement and hereby agrees to maintain the premises free from any factor and/or condition contributing to continued infestation/re-infestation by insects, rodent and other vermin such as, but not limited to: proper sanitary practices or building practices as may or may not be recommended by Bust-A-Bug personnel.
The Prices listed on this agreement include labor and materials required to control the specified pest(s). Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions is hereby authorized and directed to use on or about the service premises such compounds and/or materials as it shall deem necessary to affect the treatment(s) contemplated by the execution of this agreement. Reasonable care shall be used in applying treatments(s); however, the nature of the work is such that any Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions shall not be responsible for damages to domestic animals; staining/discoloration and/or interior/exterior plants.
All work is payable C.O.D. Monthly payments on delinquent accounts are due on or before the tenth day of each month. Failure to meet any payments when due shall render the installment feature of this obligation null and void and the remaining balance immediately payable in full. The Purchaser agrees to be responsible for all reasonable and customary collection fees and charges incurred by the Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions in the collection of the past due accounts. The highest interest rate allowed by law will be imposed on balances of delinquent accounts.
Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions carries general liability insurance from accidents which may arise from operations performed under the execution of this agreement. Copies of the certificate of insurance are available to the Purchaser upon written request.
All Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions technicians are registered and/or certified with the proper governmental agencies. An entomologist is available for consultation upon request (an additional fee may be charged).
Should it become necessary to temporarily discontinue or suspend regularly scheduled service due to strikes, floods, embargoes, or cause beyond the control of Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions, it is understood that installments shall be suspended until service can be resumed. Temporary discontinuance of service will in no way breach this agreement.
Any Call Backs between visits are included in your service.
Any treatment or service frequency deviation from the reverse specifications involving extra costs of materials and labor will become an additional charge to the contract amount. No alterations or variations to the terms of this contract shall be valid unless made in writing and approved by an officer of Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions.
The Purchaser of this agreement understands that this agreement is for a specified contract period as noted on the reverse side of this document. Should the contract be cancelled by the Purchaser prior to the completion of the scheduled service, the Purchaser agrees to pay Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions, in full, at the time of cancellation the balance of the contract price.
The service agreement and accompanying documents signed at the time of purchase constitute the entire agreement between parties and no other representation or statement shall be binding upon either party, unless made in writing and approved by an Officer of Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions.
Sentricon with Always Active (Recruit HD®): This Agreement applies to the Control of Eastern Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) only. It is understood that Subterranean Termite Feeding on the Recruit HD® Bait is essential to the control of subterranean termites. Elimination of the Termite Colony shall be defined as “when Subterranean Termite Activity is absent in the Recruit HD Bait Devices®, where feeding activity is evident in the bait device, and no other cause can be determined to have interrupted the termite feeding activity, i.e. Pesticides, Lawn Care Materials, Excessive Water Sources, Weather Conditions, Disturbance of the Sentricon® Stations, etc. Once Termite Colony Elimination has been established and all existing termite damage has been repaired, the treated structure (may/will) be eligible for up to $250,000 in New Termite Damage Repairs. (Always Active Upgrade Clients: Existing Bust-A-Bug Termite Damage Warranties will run concurrently with the Sentricon Warranty until Colony Elimination has been established.) New Termite Damage is defined as damage that occurs after colony Elimination has been established and live termites are found in the structural damage.
Additions and/or Alterations: This Agreement applies only to the property identified on the inspection graphs of the date of the initial installation. In the event that the covered premise is structurally modified, altered or changed, the purchaser will immediately notify Bust-A-Bug and purchase the required additional Sentricon Installation to restore the System to its original specifications. In the event of structural modification, Bust-A-Bug reserves the right to modify and/or adjust the Annual Maintenance Agreement fee.
Water Leakage: The Customer hereby, acknowledges that water intrusion in structures is a serious matter with respect to subterranean termite control and severely impedes Bust-A-Bugs ability to achieve effect control. Water leaks and/or excessive structural moisture conditions in treated structures and leaks in interior/exterior walls areas or through the roof, walls, plumbing fixtures, windows, doors, chimneys or other areas not listed create conditions that render a structure highly susceptible to infestation from Subterranean Termites. Further, these conducive conditions allow for the development of “Aerial or Secondary Colonies” which exist independently of the original ground based colony. Therefore, the Purchaser agrees to maintain the premises free from these moisture conditions by making timely repairs to the structure. These areas are not covered by the Purchaser’s Warranty until such time as repairs are made & Bust-A-Bug has been provided the opportunity to reinspect the areas. The Purchaser also agrees to purchase any required service to restore the termite treatment to original specifications.
Notice of Claims & Access to the Property: Any claim made under this Agreement shall be made in writing to Bust-A-Bug Pest & Crawl Space Solutions. Claims being submitted after the fact will not be considered unless Bust-A-Bug was provided the opportunity to inspect the property prior to any modifications. The Purchaser agrees to allow and provide complete access to the property for any purpose contemplated by this agreement, including but not limited to, reinspections where requested by the Purchaser or considered necessary by Bust-A-Bug. Any demolition, repairs or structural modifications made prior to Bust-A-Bugs inspection will void all warranties in those areas. Additionally, the customer agrees that any repairs made without prior written approval by an officer of Bust-A-Bug will not be covered by this warranty.
Changes in Law or Economics: All services performed under this agreement shall be rendered in accordance with the requirements of the Federal, State and local laws and regulations. In the event of changes in the existing laws or regulations, as it pertains to the services promised herein, as economics dictate, Bust-A-Bug, at it’s discretion reserves the right to revise the fee structure, Annual Maintenance fee or terminate the agreement.
Damage resulting from insects other than as specified in this Agreement, moisture, fungus or Related causes.
Damage resulting from masonry failure or grade alterations, Wood or EFIS in contact with the soil.
Damages to fences, attached or detached structures, landscaping, etc., unless expressly state in the original agreement.
Any treatments rendered by other pest control companies.
Any treatment rendered by a pest control company other than Bust-A-Bug, a homeowner/tenant, within 5 feet of any Sentricon component will void all warranties stated herein and relieve Bust-A-Bug from any further liability.
Damages to structure or Sentricon Components due to flooding (tidal or other).
Non Payment/Default: In the event of non-payment or default by the Purchaser, Bust-A-Bug reserves the right to terminate this Agreement, remove all components of the Sentricon System, terminate this Agreement and demand reasonable costs associated with the installation and removal of the Sentricon® System. Additionally, Bust-A-Bug shall demand reasonable attorney’s fees (33%) and collection costs from the purchaser whether suit is filed or not. The highest interest rate allowed by law will be imposed on balances of delinquent accounts.
Annual Maintenance Agreement: Payment of the Annual Sentricon® Subterranean Termite Colony Elimination System Maintenance Fee will automatically extend this agreement for one additional year from the anniversary date. This Maintenance Agreement includes the Labor and Materials required to provide periodic monitoring and Bait new subterranean termite infestations with Recruit HD (Always Active Customers) in accordance with the Manufacturer’s treatment specifications. Prorated refunds will be given up to 90 days from the anniversary date minus Bust-A-Bugs non-refundable fees paid to DowAgrosciences by Bust-a-Bug. No refunds will be issued greater than 90 days from the anniversary date.
Transfer of Warranty to new property owner: This Agreement and/or remaining warranty or Annual Maintenance Agreement are transferable to a new property owner upon written notification to Bust-A-Bug designating the name of the new property owner and date of property transfer.
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The proposal: Significantly increase the number of votes needed to overcome a filibuster. 75 (or 3/4) seems about right… The number should be high enough to make sure that there is a strong incentive to develop a general consensus, but not so high that a very marginal group of contrarians can halt important legislation. In addition, however, the filibuster should be formalized, and there should be additional rules surrounding it, as follows: (1) Debate can be stopped and a vote called with a simple majority (51 votes). However, before the vote is taken, there is an opportunity to propose a filibuster. In order for a filibuster to start, at least 25 votes are required. (2) Once a filibuster starts, it must be actively maintained by continuous speaking (a real filibuster) or the vote will occur. (3) There should be moderately but not overwhelmingly strong incentives to avoid filibusters or limit their use. For example, congressional salaries could be reduced by 5% (for all members) every time a filibuster occurs. There could be a quota of filibusters (or hours of filibusters) in which any given senator can participate in during a year (perhaps 5). (4) If necessary, the plan can be phased in in the future so that it will be hard to predict its effects on either party’s immediate interests.
How and why it works: Currently, the filibuster serves as a means for the minority party to shut down the activity of the majority, without serving as a major tool to forge bipartisan compromises. The goal is always to peel off the support of one or two moderates from the opposing party, not to come up with solutions that involve real consensus. By increasing the number of votes needed to overcome a filibuster, you require that the legislation be broad and reflect a general consensus. If there is no consensus, nothing gets done.
In the short run, the minority party would use this to obstruct even more effectively, but the complete shutdown of the senate would soon be reported in the news as obstruction by the minority party, increasing pressure on them. A budget would need to be passed, and a compromise would eventually be reached. Because the more extreme Senators on either side could filibuster, this compromise would not likely reflect one party holding the budget hostage to its more extreme ideas. Much other legislation might be stalled in the first years, but eventually a culture of compromise would take over. Most votes would likely not be along party lines but rather excluding the most extreme members of each party.
This would work for the major pieces of legislation for which the filibuster would be used. Because the incentives or quotas–and the need to actually filibuster–would discourage the use of the filibuster willy-nilly, much of the basic work of congress could proceed unimpeded, and the minority party would be forced to choose its priorities. The tricky part about the rules is retaining enough of the filibuster to encourage compromise while at the same time limiting it enough that it could not serve as a tool of an extreme minority to completely shut down government.
For example, approval of judicial nominations is one area where compromise seems particularly important (look at how polarized and partisan appointments have become). Forcing a consensus in these cases could be particularly useful because it could force most federal judges to be from the center of the political spectrum, essentially eliminating highly politicized appointments on either side. However, minor judgeships might not be a priority for filibusters, meaning that highly politicized appointments could still occur there. One possible solution is to have different filibuster rules or quotas for judicial appointments (all can be filibustered), executive appointments (none can be filibustered), and legislation (a limited amount can be filibustered).
Caveats: The most important caveat here is that this is an untested system, and could produce unforeseen consequences. For example, the introduction of filibuster quotas could lead to clever legislative strategies in which the majority tries to draw out the minority filibusters on polarizing but inconsequential issues (Let’s fund counseling on how few long-term health consequences there are from abortion! Let’s offer a major corporate tax reduction for companies that require all employees to come to work armed!), so that they will all be used up and the majority can pass major legislation with a bare majority. Perhaps there are ways around this, but such risks need to be factored in. In all honesty, I am not saying I believe wholeheartedly in this proposal. But I do believe that consideration of how rules affect culture and culture affects rules should be critical in trying to rebuild government institutions that function in terms of policy, not just politics. This is one example of how we might begin that process.
While my feelings about the pharmaceutical (sp?) industry are too strong to entertain your attempt to be fair minded, ie. substitute Jack the Ripper, I can do better on this subject. Your discussion focusses almost entirely on proceedural issues especially the filibuster which you want to tinker with in interesting but, it seems to me, poilitically untenable ways. The real problem lies in the dramatic rise of the “new right.” I assume you know the basic contours of the story. Beginning with the Goldwater campaign the Republican party has been subject to an internal struggle in which the right wing has successfully purged it’s moderates. Each generation has moved the party further to the right. At the same time this struggle was/is going on it has been reflected in an increasingly split electorate. We have a chicken and/or egg situation here. Did this internal conflict reflect the electorate or did shifting pols move the electorate? I am not clear on this. The upheavals of the Sixties cost the Democratic party the (white) South which moved ‘en mass’ into the Republican party. The result of that shift is fundamentally important as it led to the rise of an ideologically pure party a development intensified by the current Tea Party. The result is that compromise as occured during Reagan’s presidency seems almost impossible today. It seems to me the the key here is the real difference in the country today about the role of government. At this point the analysis should go back to the Revolution which was, of course, resistance to legitimate authority. The heritage of that moment ideologically, culturally and institutionally is still with us. Friedman’s interesting column in Sunday’s News of the Week is relevant here. I fear that even if your political reforms were adopted they would make no difference.
Actually, I suspect you may be right here in saying that creating rules to decrease polarization in congress might not affect the general trends towards polarization in the US as a whole, which in turn result in a polarized congress. As you point out, it’s a chicken-egg situation. However, I think there’s at least a chance that fixing congress could change the dynamic in the country. Interesting article in the NYTimes today about how Obama has been increasing executive power in order to combat congressional obstruction. This is a foreseeable, even inevitable, consequence of increased polarization and gridlock, and congress may end up marginalizing itself in the long run.
As for the pharmaceutical industry, I would think you would support my proposal, as it essentially nationalizes most of the industry… But I’ve got an interesting response I’ll post soon from a friend who works in the industry!
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How much money do you need to be a digital nomad in these areas?
Can anyone tell me how much money is needed per day to be a digital nomad in the following areas: Europe, Asia, and New Zealand?
If you're currently making money as a digital nomad, what are you doing to afford sustained travel so you don't run out of money?
There's really no one answer! As a general rule, Asia will be cheaper than Europe, which is cheaper than New Zealand. BUT there are cheap places in Europe (Hungary, for example) and expensive places in Asia (Singapore, for example). In my experience, on average, you can live comfortably on $1500 in SE Asia and something more like $4000 per month in a lot of Europe.
My advice would be to decide on some specific cities, research their cost of living, visa costs, etc, and plan from there.
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What professions should you choose?
At levels 5 and 10 in each profession, you are given the option between two professions. Many professions make some aspect of each skill more profitable for you. While professions don't generally have a large impact on the game, they allow you to specialize in order to make parts of the game easier.
How to level farming: Harvest crops; note that planting and watering crops does not increase level. This means that vine crops are the best option for leveling, followed by the fastest growing crops in a particular season.
Quick Tip: Harvest as much parsnips as you can in your first spring, then switch to corn for the summer and fall. This isn't the most profitable option, but leveling is more important than cash (you'll get that later).
Rancher - Animal products sell for 10% more. Tiller - Crops sell for 10% more.
Coopmaster - Befriend coop animals faster; incubation time cut in half Shepard - Befriend barn animals faster; sheep produce wool faster Artisan - Artisan goods worth 50% more. Argiculturist - All crops grow 10% faster.
Farming professions have two different routes: animals or crops.
The rancher option has you specializing in animal farming. The 10% boost to animal products isn't anything special, but it opens up either coopmaster or shepard at level 10. If you like raising small animals, coopmaster is for you (and it's probably the better option); shepard makes you better with larger animals but forces you to use sheep (no cows for you).
Unfortunately, animals farming in Stardew Valley isn't so great right now; it's pretty tedious until you get set up properly with silos and deluxe buildings and isn't very rewarding without crafting. Although, duck farming with coopmaster (especially with deluxe coops) appears to be a viable alternative to crop farming.
The tiller option specializes in crop farming. Again, the 10% boost in value isn't anything great, but it gets you the level 10 skills. Artisan increases the value of certain goods by 50% and this should be an indicator that tells you that it should be your money maker (any profession that increases the value by that much should tell you that's the type of good you should plan to sell). Agriculturist makes your crops (read: crops, not tress or vines) grow 10% faster and 10% isn't necessarily enough to warrant this choice.
How to level mining: Smash rocks using the pickaxe. Clear your farmland, spend time in the mines (30s for copper, 40s for iron and coal, 110s for gold), clear the quarry once you unlock it.
Miner - +1 ore per vein. Geologist - Chance for gems to appear in pairs.
Blacksmith - Metal bars worth 50% more. Prospector - Coal find doubled. Excavator - Geode find doubled. Gemologist - Gems worth 30% more.
The mining professions are very well done; however, I wish Miner and Prospector were switched on the tree. The miner side is all about consistency, while the geologist side provides a lot of value.
Miner gives an additional ore per vein and that's a huge bonus when you stumbled upon iridium ore. Blacksmith is another 50% increase to the value of metal bars, so this is another moneymaker; if you'd rather spend your time in the mines than growing crops in your field, this is a really good choice. Prospector is great since coal is pretty rare (granted you can always buy it from the blacksmith for 150g, but that's 750g for bars and 1,200g worth of coal per preserving bin totalling 1,950g), it comes online a little late though.
On the other side of the mining profession tree is geologist, it gives you a chance at getting extra gems from nodes. Since gem nodes are fairly uncommon, this is a decent choice (but its value is greatly deminished by the crystaliarium that can just duplicate gems for you). Excavator is really nice since geode find is doubled and that allows you complete the museum quicker or give you ore and coal that you're missing from not taking miner or prospector. As for gemologist, it's hard to get enough value from this profession since gems are somewhat rare and if you're using crystalarium(s), you don't need the 30% bonus.
How to level foraging: Pick up everything you see; chop down trees, note that stumps do not increase levels.
Quick Tip: Once you get seeds, plant as many trees on your farm as you can. Chop them down once they grow up. Replant seeds with one empty space between seeds. Make snacks for extra energy.
Forester - Wood worth 50% more. Gatherer - Chance for double harvest of foraged items.
Lumberjack - Normal trees occasionally drop hardwood. Tapper - Syrup is worth 25% more. Botanist - Forged items are always gold quality. Tracker - Locations of foragable items are revealed.
Like mining, the foraging professions are in a pretty good spot. One side deals with planting and cutting down trees and the other side is all about finding more goods.
Forester unlocks lumberjack or tapper and is highly underrated. A 50% increase to wood (and hardwood!) value is an indicator that you should be selling wood; this is something a lot of people don't do and they are missing out on a lot of benefits. It's also the only substantial increased value profession that comes online early. Without cutting the stump, trees provide about 12 wood, 5 sap, and a seed; 3 seeds turns into 45 energy, 5 sap is worth 10g or 2ish fertilizer, and 12 wood is worth 36g (with the perk). That's a better return than most crops that you have to buy seeds and water every day.
Lumberjack effectively removes the need to go to the secret area in the forest everyday for hardwood (and gives you a chance to make 22-44 more gold per tree); the value of not having to leave your farm for hardwood cannot be understated. The tapper profession is okay, syrup doesn't get a bonus from Artisan for whatever reason, but 25% isn't that much even though you aren't doing any work to get the syrup.
As for gatherer, getting additional goods is always nice; this means you can craft more often for less work or make your days a little longer by getting extra energy. Botanist effectively increases the value of foraged goods by 50% (not exactly, but kind of), but more importantly it's a space saver; you're guarenteed to have items only take up one spot in your bag instead of up to three spots (and that adds up, especially in the mines).
How to level fishing: Catch fish (duh?) and use crab pots.
Fisher - Fish worth 25% more. Trapper - Resources required to craft crab pots reduced.
Angler - Fish worth 50% more. Pirate - Chance to find treasure doubled. Mariner - Crab pots never catch trash. Luremaster - Crab pots no longer need to be baited.
The fishing professions are somewhat interesting (although using the word interesting to describe something is rarely a good thing). The two choices basically comes down to if you fish or not.
Fisher increases the value of fish by 25% and that's a pretty nice perk for how early you can get it.
The level 10 options are, again, in a weird place. The 50% boost to fish value comes online a little late because by this time, the increased value of fish shouldn't matter. Pirate is nice because you get more chances to catch treasure and treasure is generally extremely rewarding; I like to think of treasure as the geodes of fishing.
As for trapper and crab pots... Well, trapper is okay, but you get three crab pots from the community center and you can buy crab pots from Willy for 1500 gold. Crab pots are relatively expensive to craft without the trapper profession, but reducing the cost to copper (from iron) doesn't make it any better than just buying the traps.
Mariner seems somewhat detrimental to crab pots because catching trash (and recycling the trash) is actually the best outcome you can get from those traps. Luremaster is nice but there's another problem with that. First of all, bait only costs 5 gold and everything you trap rewards more than 5 gold. The bigger problem is that without bait, the default option when interacting with crab pots is to pick them up and that's really annoying.
How to level combat: Kill monsters. The levels 30-50 in the mines are great place to level combat; you'll get bug meat for fishing bait, coal from monsters for smelting, and ore from mining.
Fighter - All attacks do 10% more damage; +15 HP Scout - Critical strike chance increased by 50%.
Brute - Damage increased by 15% Defender - HP is increased by 25 Acrobat - Cooldown of special moves cut in half. Desperado - Critical hits are deadly.
The combat professions aren't anything special. Fighter is more consistent, scout has a higher ceiling.
As for fighter, +15 is worth 3 levels and 10% damage is good no mater what. Brute is good for 15% more damage; nothing special, just consistent damage. Defender, increasing your HP pool by 25, is probably the least useful profession in the game; I'd just skip that one.
The scout side of things, an increased chance to crit is pretty good (and opens up more weapon options). Desperado substantially increases the damage of your critical attacks but does not guarentee one shots. Acrobat allows you to use your special move (right-click) more often; each weapon offers a different special attack.
This setup is well rounded and focuses on making your farm as useful as possible. One of the advantages to this build is that late game, it lets you eliminate certain areas of the game; you spend most of your time on your farm or using the bus stop and have no real need to go to the beach or forest.
The farming professions allow you to specialize in using preserving bins or kegs. Your greenhouse eventually becomes a brewery that grows either hops for pale ale or berries for wine. Animals aren't anything special in the game, so it's best to stick to crops.
The mining professions make you better at gathering resources to upgrade your farm. The sprinklers in your greenhouse require iridium, so miner is going to go a long ways. Almost all of your coal is going to be spent making preserving bins or kegs to take advantage of the artisan perk.
As for foraging, gatherer affects so many parts of the game that you should not pass it up. Early in the game, getting extra coral is a big money maker and getting extra foraged goods keeps your energy up; late game, gatherer gives you a chance at getting additional truffle from pigs. Botanist is extremely good for inventory management and makes winter a little less painful; you can fill your crop fields with winter seeds and be guarenteed gold quality results.
While Fisher -> Pirate offers more upside, we're specializing in crab pots for a few reasons: (1) you aren't forced to play the fishing minigame that takes up quite a bit of time; (2) trash provides cloth, coal, and refined quartz; (3) along with sap from trees, the fish you catch in your crab pots create fertilizer. There are plenty of places to put crab pots that shouldn't be out of your way between the two ponds on your farm, the lake near the mine, and the river next to the blacksmith.
The combat professions aren't anything special, consistency over intensity. Critical attacks don't always happen and this set up requires the least amount of work and keeps those ring slots open for other options.
All of these professions basically change the way the game works and ignore most perks that increase the value of goods (because eventually gold doesn't matter).
Agriculturist is chosen over artisan here because Stardew Valley often rewards quantity over quality. This allows you to harvest more crops per season (probably one extra rotation than normal) and that means more cooking options.
Gatherer is chosen purely for crafting reasons, since foraged items are somewhat rare, getting a more of those goods means you can craft more. Take the totems for example, finding coral everyday means you can craft beach totems every day that allow you to get back to the beach easier to craft more totems.
Botanist is chosen primarily as a space saver since you don't need to worry about normal or silver quality goods.
Geologist and excavator rewards you for smashing random rocks and finding mineral nodes (which are much more rare than ore). More geodes means more chance at random loot;the same goes for angler > pirate, more treasure is good.
As for combat, increasing crit chance by 50% offers a higher upside than flat damage and desperado basically makes attack speed mean more than actual damage as everything you crit is almost always one shot.
Don't restart the game just because you chose the wrong professions. In the end, most of your professions will only matter in your first year and half or so. Combat and farming professions (with the exception of artisan) have the only real long term, game breaking mechanics. For example, if you chose mariner and need trash, just use your fishing rod in the pond at your farm to consistently catch trash.
Even the recommended professions aren't necessarily the best. You could make the case for Angler > Pirate, Gatherer > Botanist, and Scout > Desperado. And honestly, I warmed up to animal farming as I researched and wrote this guide; coopmaster seems pretty solid.
All of this being said about professions, you should look into having an extra character or two in order to experience everything Stardew Valley has to offer.
Published on Sunday, March 20th, 2016 at 3:57 PM.
Last updated on Sunday, March 20th, 2016 at 5:27 PM.
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As you are communicating with others, keep in mind that there will be barriers that could determine how effective you are both verbally and non-verbally. Being aware of the following barriers that can create misunderstandings can help you become a more effective communicator.
Noises: Are there other noises in the area? Radios, traffic, and other conversations are examples of noises that could create a barrier to communication. Consider moving to another location where it will be quieter.
Is it daytime or nighttime? Depending on other factors, using non-verbal communication may be more effective during the day than at night.
Is it a typical mealtime? Hunger may create a barrier to communication.
Location: Where are you? You will likely need to make adjustments in how you communicate based on whether you are outdoors, inside a building, or elsewhere.
Secondary Language: Are you or the other person using a secondary language that could impede your ability to communicate verbally? Do both of you speak the same language?
Dialect: Is anyone involved using a regional or other type of dialect?
Is the other person a poor listener and, therefore, not paying attention to what you are saying? If so, do you need to have the person repeat what you say in order to confirm he or she understands you correctly?
Is the other person hard of hearing such that you need to speak louder or be closer to him or her to be heard? Could the person be deaf?
Sight: Does the other person have poor vision such that non-verbal communication will not be effective? Is the other person blind?
Prior Interaction: Have you and the other person dealt with each other previously such that previous issues are interfering with the current situation?
Anger: Are you or the other person so angry that one or both of you will not listen or respond no matter what is said or done?
Fear: Is the situation making you or the other person so afraid that it is impossible to overcome the fear and communicate effectively?
Eye Contact: Will making direct eye contact or avoiding direct eye contact cause the other person to not pay attention to you? It is important to realize and remember that direct eye contact is expected or acceptable in some cultures while other cultures consider it a sign of disrespect.
Personal Space: Will being too close to the other person or too far away create an unwanted barrier to communication? The amount of personal space a person wants or expects to have varies among different cultures.
Being able to communicate effectively is a valuable skill to have and can help you resolve conflicts in a non-violent manner. However, it is important to remember that miscommunication can and does occur.
Using verbal and non-verbal communication effectively and avoiding barriers to communication can help prevent what might be a minor misunderstanding between two people from potentially turning into a crisis situation.
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the "Mormon" church) was founded in New York state in 1830, and church headquarters quickly moved to Ohio, then to Missouri and Illinois due to extreme persecution. Because the Mormons faced violence in the east, they moved to the desert near the Great Salt Lake to practice their religion in peace, arriving there in 1847.
Is the Great Salt Lake a desert?
Answer . The Great Salt Lake In Utah is a highly briny remnant lake of prehistoric Lake Bonneville and is located within the Great Salt Lake Desert.
Who established the Mormon church?
How does the Great Salt Lake relate to deserts in North America?
The Great Salt lake is found in the desert. It is located in the Great Basin Desert of Utah.
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Why is plastic so popular for marine applications? Easy. It is moisture resistant meaning it will not crack, chip, peel, or warp. Not only is the material attractive and available in a variety of colors, it is easy to fabricate and install.
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The New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ended the 1954-55 season with a record of 38 wins and 34 losses, finishing second in the NBA's Eastern Division, and compiled a postseason mark of 1-2. Joe Lapchick coached the team. The 1954-55 New York Knicks lost in the division semi-finals.
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The Miami Heat is a professional basketball team based in Miami , Florida , United States . The team is a member of the Southeast Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). They play their home games at American Airlines Arena . The team is owned by Micky Arison, coached by Erik Spoelstra and are managed by Basketball Hall of Fame coach Pat Riley.
The Heat were formed in 1988 as an expansion franchise along with the Charlotte Hornets. Since then, Miami has fielded squads that have made the playoffs 13 out of the 21 seasons, captured seven division titles and won the 2006 NBA Finals against the Dallas Mavericks 4–2. Miami has been the most successful of the four expansion teams brought into the league in 1988 and 1989 in terms of winning percentage.
During the boom period of the NBA of the 1980s the league sought to expand itself from 23 teams to 27 by the end of the decade. In Florida , a state devoid of any NBA franchises, groups from Orlando , Tampa /St. Petersburg and Miami all vied to land franchises.
The Miami Sports and Exhibition Authority eventually endorsed a group led by NBA Hall of Famer Billy Cunningham and former sports agent (and lifelong friend of Cunningham's) Lewis Schaffel, who received their financial backing from Carnival Cruise Lines founder Ted Arison, who would be majority owner. Day-to-day operations would be handled by minority shareholders Cunningham and Schaffel.
In April 1987, the NBA expansion committee endorsed the bids of the cities of Charlotte and Minneapolis . However, the committee was split between awarding the third and final franchise to Miami or Orlando, causing representatives from both cities to toss barbs at the other. Finally, it was decided that the NBA would expand by 4 teams, with the Charlotte Hornets and Miami Heat debuting for the 1988–89 season and the Minnesota Timberwolves and Orlando Magic beginning for the 1989–90 season.
The Heat came into the NBA for the 1988–89 season with an unproductive first year, with a roster full of young players and journeymen. Among the players on the inaugural roster were first round picks Rony Seikaly and Kevin Edwards, fellow rookies Grant Long and Sylvester Gray as well as NBA vets Rory Sparrow, Jon Sundvold, Pat Cummings, Scott Hastings, Dwayne "Pearl" Washington and Billy Thompson. The team started out the season by losing its first 17 games, an NBA record. It did not help that the Heat were placed in the Midwest Division of the Western Conference, in defiance of all geographic reality. This forced them on the longest road trips in the NBA; their nearest divisional opponent was the Houston Rockets, over 900 miles from Miami. The team ultimately finished with a league-worst 15–67 win-loss record (second worst season in franchise history).
To help address Miami's league-low point production, the Heat picked Glen Rice from the University of Michigan in the first round of the 1989 NBA Draft, and Sherman Douglas of Syracuse University in the 2nd round. The team also moved to the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference for the 1989–90 season, where they would remain for the next 15 years. However, the Heat continued to struggle and never won more than two consecutive games, en route to an 18–64 record.
The 1989–90 season saw Miami awarded with the 3rd pick overall, only to parlay via two trades (first with the Denver Nuggets and later with the Houston Rockets) into getting the 9th and 12th picks, with which they selected Willie Burton of the University of Minnesota and Alec Kessler of the University of Georgia . Both picks flopped, as the Heat tried to turn Burton, a college small forward, into a shooting guard without much success and Kessler was bogged by injury problems and was not physical enough to be a quality NBA power forward.
While Rice, Seikaly and Douglas all showed improvement from the previous year, Miami still only went 24–58 and remained in the Atlantic Division basement.
Rothstein would resign as head coach at the end of the season, but later would return to the Heat prior to the 2004-05 season as an assistant coach, a role he still fulfills today.
In the wake of Rothstein's resignation prior to the 1991–92 season, the Heat hired Kevin Loughery, who had 29 years of experience in the NBA both as a coach and a player, to be their new head coach.
For the 1991 NBA Draft, the team selected Steve Smith from Michigan State , an agile guard, to usher in a new era of a mature Heat team. With the help of rookie Smith, Rony Seikaly, and a more experienced Glen Rice, the Heat finished in fourth place in the Atlantic Division with a 38–44 record and made the playoffs for the first time. Playing the league-best Chicago Bulls, the Heat were swept in three games. Steve Smith made the NBA All-Rookie team and Glen Rice finished 10th in the NBA in scoring.
The 1992-93 NBA season included the additions of draft choice Harold Miner of the University of Southern California as well as trading a 1st round pick (which would turn into the #10 overall pick the following season) for Detroit Pistons forward/center John Salley.
While Salley's addition was first met with hope because of the role that he played on two championship Pistons squads, it became quickly apparent that Salley was a quality role player for a good team, but not a quality player for a mediocre team like Miami was at the time. Salley would eventually have his playing time diminish, ultimately resulting in his being taken by the Toronto Raptors in the 1995 expansion draft. As for the season itself, it started off poorly, with Smith missing time with a knee injury and Burton being lost for most of the year with a wrist injury. Upon Smith's return, Miami posted a winning record in February and March, but it was not enough to dig themselves out of the 13–27 hole they began in. They finished 36–46 and would not return to the playoffs.
A healthier squad fared better in 1993–94, posting the franchise's first-ever winning record at 42–40 and returning to the playoffs as the #8 seed versus the Atlanta Hawks. After Miami had a 2-1 series lead, Atlanta rallied from the deficit to win the best-of-5 series. After that season, Steve Smith would be selected as a member of the 2nd Dream Team, the collection of NBA All-Stars who were selected to compete in the 1994 FIBA World Championship in Toronto as Team USA.
Dream Team II, also made up of future Heat players Shaquille O'Neal, Alonzo Mourning, Dan Majerle and Tim Hardaway, would go on to win the tournament.
In 1994–95, the team overhauled their roster, trading away Seikaly, Smith, and Grant Long. In return, the Heat obtained Kevin Willis and Billy Owens.
Also, at this time came a changing of ownership in Heat's front office. On February 13, 1995 Cunningham and Lew Schaffel were bought out by the Arison family of Carnival Cruise Lines fame, who to that point in time had been silent partners in the day-to-day operations of the franchise. Ted Arison's son, Micky Arison, was named Managing General Partner. He immediately fired Loughery and replaced him with Alvin Gentry on an interim basis to try and shake up the 17–29 Heat. Gentry went 15–21 for the remaining 36 games of the season for a 32–50 record overall, 10 games off the previous year's mark.
From 1994 to 1997, the Miami Heat sought relocation plans in case the city of Miami resisted a standard facility for the team. Alternative cities were discussed: Las Vegas, Nevada , Memphis, Tennessee (now the home of the Memphis Grizzlies), St. Louis and San Diego . Just when the Miami Heat was struggling to win and stay put, a new era arrived to take them to a new decade of possibilities.
In the 1995 offseason, the Heat hired Pat Riley from the 1980s Los Angeles Lakers and the 1990s New York Knicks to be the team's new president and head coach after he resigned immediately following the 1994-1995 season. Riley dropped a bombshell the night before the season began, sending Glen Rice and Matt Geiger (among others) to the Hornets in exchange for All-Star center Alonzo Mourning. In a flurry of midseason deals, Riley acquired several players including Tim Hardaway, Chris Gatling and Walt Williams. The Heat finished with a winning record with Mourning among the league leaders in scoring and rebounding, but lost in the playoffs in a 3-game sweep against the 72–10 Bulls.
The following season, the Heat made a 19-game improvement in the standings, winning their first-ever Atlantic Division title with a 61–21 record. Playing a key role were new additions Dan Majerle, P.J. Brown, Jamal Mashburn, and Voshon Lenard. They took out Riley's former team in seven games, rallying from a 3–1 series deficit, partly due to several Knicks players leaving the bench (leading to several suspensions) during a fight that occurred between P.J. Brown and Charlie Ward after Ward was body-slammed by the usually mild-mannered Brown, leading to a brawl. The Heat were however ousted from the playoffs in five games (after falling into a 3–0 series deficit) by the Bulls for the second consecutive year, this time in the Eastern Conference Finals.
The Heat celebrated their 10-year anniversary in the 1997–98 season and captured their second straight Atlantic Division title. However, in what would become a heated rivalry, the Heat lost in the first round against coach Riley's former team, the New York Knicks after Mourning would miss the deciding Game 5 via suspension after getting into a Game 4 altercation with Larry Johnson and with Knicks coach Jeff Van Gundy hanging onto Mourning's leg in an attempt to intervene.
1998-99 was a lockout-shortened season, although Miami would have a conference-best 33-17 record to claim their first-ever #1 seed in the NBA Playoffs. In spite of their seeding, the Heat would lose to the Knicks again after Allan Houston hit a rim-bouncing game-winning jumper in Game 5 to decide the series. The Cinderella story Knicks would go on to play in the 1999 NBA Finals, losing to the San Antonio Spurs.
As a result of their success on the court, the Heat moved into the American Airlines Arena in 1999, with seats for over 20,500 fans. The Heat again lost in a deciding Game 7 to the Knicks by a single point.
During the summer of 2000, the Heat felt it finally needed a change. After losing out to the Orlando Magic to get Raptors swingman Tracy McGrady, Miami decided to trade P.J. Brown and Jamal Mashburn to the Charlotte Hornets (among others) in exchange for Eddie Jones, Anthony Mason and Ricky Davis. Miami also picked up Brian Grant to go along with the core of Mourning, Hardaway, Majerle, Bowen and Carter. The Heat was widely expected to be the favorites in the Eastern Conference until franchise-centerpiece Alonzo Mourning returned from the 2000 Olympics to announce he would miss the entire season due to a rare kidney disorder, known as focal glomerulosclerosis.
The Heat missed Mourning for 69 games in 2000-01, yet found success with Anthony Mason, who was named to his first All-Star game as a reserve. Brian Grant, Eddie Jones and Tim Hardaway also played well for the Heat. Alonzo Mourning returned with 13 games remaining. He was a shell of his former, MVP-candidate self and Miami was swept by the Charlotte Hornets in the first round, the same team that Miami acquired Eddie Jones and Anthony Mason from the previous summer, and Alonzo Mourning in that same year.
The following two seasons were two of the darkest in Heat history. Pat Riley missed the playoffs for the first time in his coaching career, and much of the remaining core from the division-title winning Heat teams of the late 1990s departed (Tim Hardaway, Bruce Bowen and Dan Majerle).
Miami rounded out its 2001-02 season roster with players well past their prime such as Rod Strickland, Chris Gatling, Jim Jackson, LaPhonso Ellis and Kendall Gill to along with Mourning, Jones, Grant and Carter, whom the Heat signed to a controversial three-year deal that many said was far too much for the young guard. And to acquire Gatling, Riley and the Heat traded away Ricky Davis, a young, promising player. The trade drew a lot of criticism at the time. The Heat also signed two young, undrafted players in Malik Allen and Mike James to make up for not having a first-round pick in the draft. Miami also signed Vladimir Stepania to back up Alonzo Mourning at center. The aging, veteran team narrowly missed out on the playoffs, despite having a losing record.
Unlike the 2001-02 season, Miami began to rebuild in 2002-03. The Heat drafted Caron Butler in the first round and Rasual Butler in the second round of the 2002 NBA Draft. Miami supposedly missed out on potentially selecting Yao Ming by one ping-pong ball during the draft lottery . Alonzo Mourning missed the entire season due to his condition worsening and Eddie Jones also missed a huge portion of the season with an ankle injury. Miami signed Travis Best to be the starting point guard. The Heat was led by Caron Butler and many of the youthful players that have filled out the Heat's roster since 2000 including Eddie House, Carter, Stepania, Allen and James.
Alonzo Mourning's huge contract expired the following summer, giving the Heat some much-needed cap room to rebuild. However, Miami was still a few million dollars away from signing a max contract player. On July 1, 2003, Miami was expecting to hear from Bill Duffy, agent for Anthony Carter, who was expected to make $4.1 million the upcoming season provided he exercised his option. Duffy's agency never informed the team and Miami was free from the contract. In addition, the season earlier, forward LaPhonso Ellis honorably rescinded a clause in his contract which would have forced the Heat to pay Ellis the following season, a burden the Heat could not afford to deal with in the rebuilding process.
With the cap space, Miami signed forward Lamar Odom and guard T. J. Moncrieffe. Riley and the Heat also opted to draft Dwyane Wade out of Marquette University with the 5th overall pick instead of signing a large-scale free agent point guard such as Gilbert Arenas. The pick was somewhat surprising at the time, since it was expected that Miami would draft a true point guard rather than the shooting guard Wade. Miami also signed Udonis Haslem out of the University of Florida , who went undrafted a season earlier and had spent the previous season playing overseas in France. Odom, Alston, Haslem and Wade teamed up with Grant, Jones, Allen and both Butlers to form one of the most surprising teams of the season.
A few days before the start of the 2003-04 season, Pat Riley shocked the basketball world when he stepped down as head coach to focus more on his role as team president and promoted longtime assistant coach Stan Van Gundy to the head coaching position. The team was expected to be among the league's worst by NBA prognosticators. After dealing with early injury problems to Odom, Wade and both Butlers, the team quickly jelled and formed what most members of that team consider to be the most fun season of their careers. The Heat newcomers brought youth and energy to the team. Wade broke several rookie records while other Heat players, such as Odom, revived their careers. Wade began to catch the eye of scouts and fans across the league, especially during the playoffs where Wade led the Heat in toppling the New Orleans Hornets(which had relocated from Charlotte at the end of the 2001-2002 season), the same team that swept the Heat into rebuilding mode just three seasons prior; Miami had returned the favor according to some people. Miami lost to the Indiana Pacers 4–2 in a very entertaining conference semifinals. The Pacers had finished with the best record in the league and saw a young and up-and-coming 42–40 Heat team give them a much tougher series than expected.
After the promising 2003–04 season, Miami again took major steps forward to becoming a championship caliber franchise again. The Heat acquired superstar center Shaquille O'Neal on July 14, 2004 in a historic trade with the Los Angeles Lakers in which Miami shipped Lamar Odom, Caron Butler and Brian Grant out west. Dwyane Wade and O'Neal worked well as a pair and each solidified their position as NBA elites with both averaging over 20 points per game. The season also reunited several former club members. Ron Rothstein, the Heat's inaugural head coach, became an assistant coach, Steve Smith rejoined the club and Alonzo Mourning was re-signed after being released from the Toronto Raptors following the Vince Carter trade in December.
The Heat had its second best record in franchise history: 59–23. They were seeded first in the playoffs, and swept through the first two rounds by winning eight consecutive games against New Jersey and Washington and advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals against defending champion Detroit. The teams split the first four games before Miami pushed the Pistons to the brink of elimination with an easy 88–76 victory in Game 5, but in the process lost Dwyane Wade to a strained rib muscle suffered in an attempt to take a charge against Pistons forward Rasheed Wallace. Without Wade, the Heat were decimated 91–66 in Game 6 at Detroit, setting up a deciding Game 7 in Miami. In that game, Wade returned, and the Heat held a 6-point lead with 3 minutes remaining before a series of missed shots and turnovers down the stretch that ultimately cost the Heat the game and a 1st ever trip to the finals in the gut wrenching 88-82 Game 7 loss . Wade apparently struggled to breathe throughout the game due to the rib injury, forcing the Heat's star to play in a limited capacity, although he remarkably managed to score 20 points.
In the offseason, the Heat were drastically retooled. In what was to be the largest trade in NBA history, in a 5-team, 13-player transaction the Heat traded away Eddie Jones, Rasual Butler and Qyntel Woods and in exchange received former NBA All-Star Antoine Walker, Jason Williams, and James Posey. Miami also signed future Hall of Fame guard Gary Payton, former UCLA star Jason Kapono in addition to first round pick and NCAA All American Wayne Simien. Free agent Damon Jones opted for a bigger contract offered by the Cleveland Cavaliers. Critics were quick to debate whether a reformed Heat team would have chemistry issues and whether or not the team was too old (O'Neal, Mourning and Payton were all in their mid-thirties) or had too many underachievers (Walker had a reputation of miserable shot selection, and Williams, one of turnover-prone playmaking). After an 11–10 start, O'Neal already hurt, and the fate of the season hanging in the balance these critics seemed to have been proven right.
Then on December 12, 2005 Pat Riley announced that he would become coach of the Heat for the second time, after Van Gundy unexpectedly stepped down due to personal and family reasons. The team responded and went on to win its first three games under Riley until losing to the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Cleveland loss encouraged the Heat to finish up the month of December strong. They concluded the month with 4 wins and 2 losses. The Heat though were still criticized, however, for being unable to beat the top caliber teams of the NBA. This criticism though would just grow more and more on the Heat come the month of January and into February. Although they finished January with 10 wins and 5 losses, there was still and some would argue proof that they could not beat the best in the NBA. They had already lost to the defending NBA champion San Antonio Spurs twice, twice to the Phoenix Suns, and were decimated in a nationally televised broadcast by 36 points to their eventual NBA Finals opponents the Dallas Mavericks in Dallas. The months of February and March were very successful for the Heat, including a stretch of 15 wins in 16 games which began with a crucial comeback victory over the Perennial Eastern Conference powerhouse Detroit Pistons. Dwyane Wade was electric and Shaquille O'Neal stepped up his game up in a tremendous fashion, helping the Heat resurge and finish with a 52-30 record, good enough for a 2nd seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs. Their record was respectable but was viewed as somewhat underachieved compared to the 2004-2005 59 win and 1st place playoff seeded season.
Earning the second seed in the 2006 playoffs, the Miami Heat drew the seventh seed Chicago Bulls as their first-round opponent. The Heat won the first two games of the series at home, despite Udonis Haslem being ejected in the first game and suspended for the second for throwing his mouthpiece in the direction of the referee. The team lost games three and four in Chicago but bounced back to win game five at home. By winning game six in Chicago, the Heat eliminated the Bulls from the playoffs and went on to face the New Jersey Nets in the second round. The Heat lost Game 1 at home, 100–88, but won the next four to oust the Nets from the playoffs for the second year in a row, taking Game 5 at home 106–105. The Heat subsequently advanced to their second Eastern Conference Finals in as many years. The Heat opened up the 2006 Eastern Conference Finals in Detroit, facing the Pistons in a rematch of the previous year's Eastern Conference Finals, in which the top-seeded Heat lost Game 7 in heartbreaking fashion. The Heat immediately stole home court advantage by winning Game 1. Although Miami lost the second game 92–88 (despite a near comeback after trailing by eighteen at one point), they maintained home court advantage. Home for the next two games, they won both Game 3 (98–83) and Game 4 (89–78) to take a 3–1 series lead. The Detroit Pistons then won Game 5 in The Palace of Auburn Hills 91–78, but the Heat answered back, winning game 6 (95–78) and with it the series (4–2) in Miami.
After defeating the Detroit Pistons, the Heat advanced to their first NBA Finals in franchise history against the Dallas Mavericks. For the Mavericks, like the Heat, this was also their first NBA Finals appearance.
The Heat were outplayed by the Mavericks in the first two games in Dallas, with the second game being an embarrassing blowout. Things looked worse in Game 3 when the Heat faced a 13-point gap in the last six minutes of the fourth quarter, with Dallas looking to take a 3–0 lead in the series. Led by Dwyane Wade, who single handedly dismantled the Mavericks after falling 0-2 by leading the Heat to a 98-96 comeback in game 3 and after that he never looked back, the Heat were able to make an incredible comeback victory to salvage the series. Similar success came in Game 4, when the Miami Heat once again beat the Mavericks with a combined team effort. The Miami Heat were able to establish their ability to play under pressure in Game 5, which went into overtime. Nevertheless, the effort of Wade with his 43 points, including the game tying basket and clutch overtime free throws, propelled the Heat to within one victory of their first championship in franchise history.
The third consecutive victory at home placed the Heat in the rare company of home teams who have swept the middle three games since the NBA switched to the 2–3–2 format for the finals in 1985 (Major League Baseball also uses the 2-3-2 format for the championship series). The only team to have previously accomplished that feat were the Detroit Pistons in the 2004 NBA Finals.
On June 20, Game 6, the Heat took the NBA title in Dallas, winning the series four games to two. In winning the series, the Heat became only the third team in NBA history to win the final series after being down 0–2, following the 1969 Boston Celtics and the 1977 Portland Trail Blazers. The Heat overcame a miserable start with a 14-point gap to wear down the Mavericks, and lead by one point (49–48) at the halftime horn. Again, Wade played a vital role, powering the Heat to a late lead. He was helped by an impressive five blocks by Alonzo Mourning (the Heat had over 10 team blocks in the game even though they were averaging a little over 2 blocks in the series) and clutch shooting by James Posey, who drained a cold-blooded three pointer which put the Heat ahead by six with 3 minutes to go. Surprisingly, the Mavericks were down only three with a few seconds to go after a pair of missed free-throws by Dwyane Wade. However, Dallas would be put to rest after Wade captured the rebound, fittingly ending the game by tossing the ball in the air after a missed three-point shot attempt by Jason Terry. Wade would go on to win the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award.
The championship proved all the more poignant for Miami's veteran superstars Alonzo Mourning, Gary Payton, and Antoine Walker who had never before won an NBA championship. Mourning and Payton both re-signed with the Heat for the 2006-07 season, wanting to win another championship.The championship marked the seventh win for Coach Pat Riley (fifth as a head coach), and fourth title to Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom fulfilled their promise to the citizens of Miami in 1995 (when Riley first came to Miami and said he "envisioned a parade on Biscayne Boulevard") and in July 2004 (when Shaq first came to Miami and vowed to "bring the title home"). Shaq also promised after the win to win the NBA championship again in 2007, if and only if Dwyane Wade were present and healthy for the ride through the playoffs.
The Heat got off to a poor start in the 2007 season, losing to the Chicago Bulls by 42 points (66-108), the worst home loss in team history and worst margin of defeat for a defending champion on opening day in NBA history. Shaquille O'Neal played the first few games for the Heat then missed over thirty games with a right knee injury. Key members of the Heat's championship run last season, particularly Antoine Walker and Gary Payton, were finding themselves on the bench more often at the expense of the Heat's questionable, at best, duo of Jason Kapono and Dorell Wright.
The first half of the Heat's season was full of misfortune. Coach Riley took an indefinite leave, Dwyane Wade briefly injured his right wrist, and James Posey and Antoine Walker were delisted after failing a body mass exam.
Matters improved for the team. Rothstein, the Heat's original head coach, returned on an interim basis. Both Posey and Walker were reinstated. Former Heat star Eddie Jones re-signed with the team after being released by the Memphis Grizzlies. O'Neal returned to play in January. Riley resumed his duties as head coach at the start of the second half of the season.
After thinking everything was going to turn around for the Heat, on February 21, in a game against the Houston Rockets, Wade dislocated his left shoulder and had to leave in a wheelchair. Shortly after the injury, Wade announced that he would opt for rehabilitation instead of surgery, with the hope of returning to the lineup for the playoffs. The rehab was successful enough that Wade returned to the Heat on April 9, 2007, for a game against the Charlotte Bobcats. Wade was visibly rusty, and said that he didn't have his "legs back yet."
After Wade's injury, many predicted the Heat would fail even to make the playoffs. Those predictions were quickly dismissed as the Heat surged, winning 11 out of 14 games at one point. In that time, Miami posted a nine-game winning streak (defeating such teams as the Pistons, Wizards, Bulls and Jazz), in addition to extending a home winning streak to 14. Shaquille O'Neal was a primary cause for the Heat's resurgence, playing his best basketball of the season and serving as a focal point of the offense. Having a roster full of veterans and former All-Stars also had a notable benefit in dealing with the loss of Dwyane Wade. Miami was able to post a 16-7 record without its star guard and, in the process, the Heat were able to win a third consecutive Southeast Division title.
Shortly after Wade returned, Shaquille O' Neal's grandfather had died, causing him to miss two games. Additionally, Udonis Haslem and Gary Payton were bit by the injury bug; Haslem with a groin aggravation and Payton with a calf injury that will sideline him for two to three weeks. The Heat finished the regular season with a 44-38 record and faced the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 2007 NBA Playoffs, to whom they lost 4-0 in the best of seven series. Miami Heat became the first defending champion since 1957 to get swept in the first round in the following season. It was also the first four-game playoff series sweep suffered in Miami Heat history.
After a disappointing 2006-07 season, the Heat looked to move forward. Miami retained the 20th and 39th pick in the 2007 NBA Draft. On June 28, 2007, the Miami Heat selected Colorado State forward Jason Smith with the 20th overall selection then traded him to the Philadelphia 76ers for the draft rights to 21st overall selection, guard Daequan Cook from Ohio State and cash considerations. With the 39th overall selection, the Miami Heat drafted Stanko Barac, a center from Bosnia, but later traded his rights to the Indiana Pacers for a future second round pick. The Heat lost Jason Kapono to the Toronto Raptors and James Posey to the Boston Celtics. The Heat got a much-needed point guard when they picked up Smush Parker from free agency and signed him to a 3-year deal and veteran guard Penny Hardaway reuniting the Shaq-Penny duo. Hardaway was later waived in December. Also in the 2007 Offseason, the Miami Heat made a 5 player trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves, bringing back Ricky Davis and Mark Blount. Leaving the Heat was Antoine Walker, Wayne Simien, Michael Doleac, and a conditional 1st round pick. Davis was on the Heat in August 2000 but fell out of favor with Riley. When the trade occurred he was seen as a more polished scorer and was projected to have been third option for the Heat to compliment Dwyane Wade and Shaquille O'Neal, had the circumstances of the season turned out differently.
On December 19, 2007, during the 1st quarter of the game versus the Atlanta Hawks while getting back on a fast-break, Alonzo Mourning tore the right patellar tendon in his right knee and was required to undergo a season-ending—some even say career-ending knee surgery, although Mourning maintains that he has not, nor has he made plans for retirement.
On Tuesday, February 5, 2008, ESPN reported that the Heat were interested in trading center Shaquille O'Neal, contrary to reports by Pat Riley one month earlier that the Heat was not interested in trading the 13 time all-star. The next day however, the Heat agreed to trade O'Neal to the Phoenix Suns for Shawn Marion and Marcus Banks, effectively ending the Wade-Shaq era.
As of April 16, 2008 the Heat clinched the worst record in the NBA at 15-67. Despite the recent losing funk the Heat have fallen into, they have re-committed themselves to rebuild and turn the franchise around and get it back to the level it was just 2 years ago when they won the 2006 championship, and are projected by many to possibly have a busy 2008 offseason due to the fact that they could possibly have plenty of free salary cap room with the departure of O'Neal and now that they are looking towards the future and to build around superstar Dwyane Wade. Wade has also adamantly committed himself to the rebuilding plan and has said in a public statement that he's in Miami for the longhaul and wants to be part of the rebuilding process currently taking place, since it was his drafting in the 2003 draft that helped turn the franchise around at that time. Late in the season with the Heat well out of any type of realistic playoff contention, head coach Pat Riley missed two games because he went to scout certain NCAA basketball conference tournament games, to prepare in the likely event that the Heat receive the number 1 or 2 lottery pick in the 2008 draft. It was announced on March 10, 2008, that Heat guard Dwyane Wade would be inactive for the rest of the season to help him rehabilitate his ailing knee and shoulder that he has re-aggravated, in hopes of starting in the 2008 Olympic games in Beijing. It was announced on March 10 that the Heat have finally waived guard Smush Parker, opening the opportunity to add a player signed to a 10-day contract. Parker has not seen action in a Heat uniform and has been in Pat Riley's "doghouse" since the first few games of the 07-08 season after he got into a dispute and altercation with a Valet Parking attendant who accused him of not paying the parking fee, Miami Police are still looking into the matter. On March 12, 2008, they signed Bobby Jones to a 10-day contract, looking for help at the shooting guard and small forward positions. At the end of March 2008, as if the season had not gone bad enough, the Miami Heat posted the third lowest point total in the history of the NBA during the shot clock era during a 96-54 loss to the Toronto Raptors on March 19, followed by a new record for the fewest made baskets (17) in another lost game against the Boston Celtics on March 30. The Heat finished the season on a positive note on April 16 to close out the season with a 113-99 victory over the playoff bound Atlanta Hawks. The win ties for the worst franchise record set by the 1988-89 heatOn April 28, 2008, Pat Riley stepped down as the head coach of the Heat but remained Team President. He replaced himself with longtime Assistant Coach Erik Spoelstra, who at 37, became the youngest coach in the NBA. Riley finished his career with 1,210 victories, third all-time behind Lenny Wilkens and Don Nelson.
On May 20, 2008, the Heat obtained the number 2 pick in the 2008 NBA draft as a result of the 2008 NBA Draft Lottery. They were expected to select power forward Michael Beasley, point guard Derrick Rose or guard O. J. Mayo. Immediately following the draft lottery, Pat Riley suggested the team would listen to any trade offers for the second overall pick. However, he did stress the right offer would have to be made in order for the Heat to even consider such a trade (e.g., the Kevin Garnett trade to Boston from the 2007 offseason).
On June 26, 2008, the Bulls selected Rose as expected, leaving the Heat to select Beasley. In the second round, with the 52nd overall pick, the Heat chose Kansas forward Darnell Jackson. Somewhat unexpectedly, it was announced that the Heat agreed to trade the lesser two of their three 2009 second-round draft picks to the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for the draft rights of talented Kansas guard Mario Chalmers, who helped lead Kansas to the NCAA championship, including making a three-point shot that sent the game to overtime. It was also later announced that Darnell Jackson's draft rights were traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for the lesser of their two second-round picks in 2009.
In early July, the free agent period began and with limited cap space the Heat signed local James Jones as the team's three-point specialist. Along with the acquisition of Yakhouba Diawara and Jamaal Magloire the Heat added depth and experience to their roster.
On September 29, 2008, Randy Pfund stepped down as General Manager, elevating Pat Riley to that position. Four days later, the Miami Heat signed point guard Shaun Livingston, a former L.A Clipper.
On November 5, 2008, 2nd-round draft pick and rookie Mario Chalmers of the Heat set a new franchise record of 9 steals in the game against the Philadelphia 76ers. That exceeded the old record set by Tim Hardaway for the most steals by a rookie in the Heat's 21 year history.
On February 13, 2009, the Heat traded Shawn Marion and Marcus Banks to the Toronto Raptors for center Jermaine O'Neal and forward Jamario Moon. Miami had been rumored to be pursuing O'Neal, as well as Amare Stoudemire and Carlos Boozer. The trade was meant to address the team's lack of a low post presence.
On April 3, 2009, the Miami Heat clinched a playoff spot with a win over the Charlotte Bobcats. The Heat became the first team since the 1968-69 San Diego Rockets to go from 15 wins to the playoffs in one year. They were eliminated in seven games by the Atlanta Hawks in the first round.
For the complete list of Miami Heat players see: Miami Heat all-time roster.
Tim Hardaway (1996–2001) — Hardaway led the Heat to some of the franchise's best seasons and is their all-time leader in three point field goals (806). His jersey #10 was retired at American Airlines Arena on October 28, 2009.
Jamal Mashburn (1997–2000) — Mashburn was a key member of the Heat's four consecutive Atlantic Division championship teams.
Alonzo Mourning (1995–2001, 2004–2007) — Mourning is the holder of several franchise records, including games (538), rebounds (4807), and blocks (1625). His 9459 points were the most in franchise history until Dwyane Wade passed him on March 14, 2009. Mourning made five all-star games as member of the team and won two Defensive Player of The Year awards (1999, 2000).
Shaquille O'Neal (2004–2008) — The future Hall of Famer was with the Heat from 2004–2008, leading the Heat to their first championship. Injuries kept him from 123 games in the four years.
Glen Rice (1989–1995) — After averaging 13.6 points per game his rookie season Rice averaged more than 20 ppg for his remaining five seasons in Miami. The team made two trips to the playoffs during Rice's tenure. Rice was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in the deal that brought Alonzo Mourning to the Heat.
Dwyane Wade (2003–present) — Picked fifth overall in the 2003 NBA Draft, Wade has been an All-Star since 2005. The Heat won their first NBA Championship in his third pro campaign and Wade was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP as he led the Heat to a 4–2 series win over the Dallas Mavericks. He is the Heat's all-time leader with over 10,000 points and over 2,600 assists.
The Heat have retired 4 numbers, only 2 of which played for the franchise, and only 3 of which actually played basketball. Pat Riley retired Michael Jordan's signature #23 before his final game in Miami during the 2002–03 season as a tribute to his career. Miami retired Mourning's #33 during a halftime ceremony on March 30, 2009. During the 2005–06 season the organization honored Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Dan Marino #13 in respect of his contributions to the Miami Dolphins.On October 28, 2009, Tim Hardaway's #10 Jersey was retired during the Heat's 2009-2010 season opener vs. the New York Knicks.
The 20th Anniversary list compiled by the Miami Heat to celebrate the players.
Pat Riley coached the Heat to the NBA championship in the 2006 NBA Finals.
Stan Van Gundy coached for three seasons between the terms of Pat Riley.
There have been six head coaches for the Heat franchise. The franchise's first head coach was Ron Rothstein, who served for three seasons with the Heat. Pat Riley, having coached the Heat for eleven seasons, is the franchise's all-time leader for the most regular-season games coached (849), the most regular-season game wins (454), the most playoff games coached (50), and the most playoff-game wins (26); Stan Van Gundy is the franchise's all-time leader for the highest winning percentage in the regular season (.605). Riley is the only Heat head coach to be named one of the top 10 coaches in NBA history, to have won the NBA Coach of the Year Award, having won it in the 1996–97 season, to have won the NBA championship with the Miami Heat (2006), and to have been elected into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach, having been elected into the Hall of Fame in 2008. Erik Spoelstra is the only Heat head coach to have spent his entire NBA coaching career with the Heat, and has been the head coach of the Heat since 2008.
These are the Miami Heat uniforms worn since the 1999–00 season. The alternate red jersey was introduced during the 2001–02 NBA season and is the unofficial Heat road uniform during the NBA Playoffs. They are also the only team in the NBA to have the NBA logo on the right shoulder instead of the left. Similar to the Utah Jazz,Chicago Bulls and the Orlando Magic, the Heat have a dress code that prohibits players from wearing headbands on the court. However, they gave an exemption to Jermaine O'Neal.
The flagship radio stations of the Miami HEAT are WINZ (940 AM) in English, with Mike Inglis and John Crotty calling games, and WQBA (1140 AM) in Spanish, with Jose Paneda and Joe Pujala on the call.
The Heat games are televised primary by Sun Sports with Eric Reid and Tony Fiorentino. Previously, WBFS-TV , WFOR-TV , and WAMI-TV have all aired some games. Games are occasionally televised by TNT, ESPN, or ABC.
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Do mangoes share any history?
The name ‘Mango’ is derived from the Tamil word ‘mangkay’ or ‘man-gay’. After settling in Western India, the Portuguese traders adopted the name as ‘manga’. The English singular form ‘Mango’ comes from the Latin Mangifera Indica meaning mango bearing plant from India.
In Hinduism, the perfectly ripe mango is seen in the hand of Lord Ganesha as a symbol of fulfillment. The Jain Goddess Ambika is also represented as sitting under a mango tree. As per Hindu texts, when a ripened mango falls from the tree, it turns into a beautiful princess. There are more stories and incidents across scriptures that depict the importance of the fruit across the history of our land.
Many believe that Buddha actually chose the shade of a mango tree to meditate. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have planted a mango orchard having 100,000 trees in Darbhanga with the hope of having prosperity.
Rabindranath Tagore was so fond of mangoes that few of his famous verses are dedicated to the fruit and its flowers, including the very famous aamer monjori. Legendary Urdu poet Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib was very attracted towards mangoes. There are funny anecdotes about how he despised people who didn’t share his addiction for the fruit.
Mango seeds have travelled with humans from Asia to the Middle East, South America and East Africa in 300 A.D. Mangoes are popular not only in eastern countries, but western countries as well. In US and UK, the varieties of mangoes include Atkins, Haden, Kent etc. while in India the popular varieties include Alphonso, Chaunsa, Kesar etc.
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How do you protect a smaller business from fraud? It might surprise you, but start-up ventures and smaller businesses are often the target of scams and fraudsters. Annually, smaller businesses with less than a 100 employees loose approximately $155,000 as a result of fraud. One of the most frequent cases of fraud is credit card abuse.
With so many online transactions being conducted by companies of all size, it becomes increasingly difficult to not be a victim of fraud. Here are some tips to better protect your business from some common ways of cyber crime and fraud. After all, it is difficult enough to grow a business successfully; fraud is not something that any business wants to go through.
All credit cards and bank accounts must be protected.
This is a very common area of fraud for a business of all sizes. For starters, a business should separate all personal accounts from business accounts. This will also help with taxes and other areas of the business, but it mainly puts a separation between personal assets and business assets. Next, use business credit cards wisely. Not all vendors are to be trusted right away with credit card information and statements should be send to a secure mail box.
Secure website and hosting account including emails.
This is a big issue with any size of company. These days, hackers can quickly take a company website down or infect it with male ware, which does often tremendous amount of damage to a business. Often these hacker attacks are random but nevertheless still as damaging. Emails can be also hijacked and used for spam, including unprotected hosting accounts with file directories left writable. To protect a company’s online infrastructure, a business should take necessary precautions to secure website, hosting account and service, including email access.
Change passwords and improve them for security.
Passwords should never be simple anymore. The days that a password could be someone’s cat name, dog, or birthday are long gone. Passwords these days must be much more complex, including capital and lower case, numbers, symbols and so on. Most accounts show the strength of a password when it is created. Company staff and entrepreneurs should ensure proper password security and change them every so often for better protection.
Be aware of getting contacted by scammers.
Regardless of what is being sold, if the business has a website that is visible online, it can be found by scammers that will try to take advantage of the business through some sort of scam. There are so many scams out there these days, especially for e-commerce website operators, but also for business-to-business service companies. Fraudsters pretend to be interested in services or products offered and they try to get them with stolen or fake credit cards. Companies have to be very careful with these scams and most credit card merchant services will have further information on this.
Sometimes, it cannot be helped. The website will be hacked, an account hijacked, it is just something that the business will have to deal with. Nevertheless, it is best to prepare as much as possible to avoid these circumstances that can be very stressful for a small business and start-up venture. At times, common sense is a great tool to use.
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A human being needs patience in every aspect of life in order to attain his religious and worldly interests. Earning a livelihood requires patience, dealing with people requires patience, fulfilling religious duties requires patience, refraining from sin requires patience, jihad for Allah's cause requires patience, confronting life's hardships, resisting its mishaps and enduring its burdens all require patience(1), supplementing oneself with useful knowledge and good deeds requires patience. As is the rest of a human being's chores, they all require patience.
1. Attaining high statuses and great rewards.
2. Attaining completeness in faith.
3. Marching on the path of victory over enemies, and ridding oneself from the effects of ordeals and disasters. According to Ibn Abbas: The prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: (… and know that victory is [attained] with patience)(2).
4. It is a way for the human being to gain his needs and attain his requirements.
5. Entering the accompaniment of Allah the Exalted for those with patience, as Allah Almighty said: (for Allah is with those who patiently persevere)(3). Which is the special accompaniment that calls for victory, support, assistance and success.
The polytheists have used various ways of harm and persecution with the prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) to deter him from his [mission of] calling [to Islam]. They accused him of poetry, witchcraft, predictions and madness, and have tempted their fools so the fools discredited and harmed him. Eventually they ended up plotting to kill him, but Allah saved him from them. After his migration (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), they waged war on him and sought to destroy his mission [of calling to Islam], but he remained patient, [awaiting his reward from Allah] and seeking to reveal Allah's religion, until victory from Allah arrived and people in great numbers entered into Allah's religion.
Next to the prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), his companions were the greatest in patience among the people. They followed [the prophet's] path in patience over the polytheists' annoyances. According to Saeed ibn Jubair, he said: (I said to Abdullah ibn Abbas: In torturing the companions of the messenger (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), did the polytheists reach the point which justified for the companions to abandon their religion? He said: By Allah, yes; They used to beat, starve and force thirst upon one of them until he is no longer able to sit straight because of the severity of the harm that has afflicted him, until he gives them what they have demanded from him out of turmoil, until they would say to him: Are the Lat and Uzzaa [(Deities of the polytheists before Islam)] your deity instead of Allah? He would say: Yes. And even when a creeper insect passes by them, they would say to him: Is this creeper insect your deity instead of Allah? He would say: Yes, just to keep them from further straining him)(4).
1) See al-Akhlag al-Islamiah 2/306.
2) Produced by Ahmad 1/293.
3) Translation of meaning: Holy Quran, chapter al-Anfal, verse 46.
4) Narrated by Ibn Is'hag in Seerat Ibn Hisham 1/396, and conveyed by Ibn Katheer in al-Bedayah 3/65.
as well am an aspiring bloց blogger but I'm still new to everything.
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There's a saying you should know: When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors.
That's because there is no safe place outside when thunderstorms are in the area.
If you hear thunder, you are within striking distance of a storm, so get inside as quickly as possible, the safest place is a building. If you can't get inside a building, a car is a safer option than being outdoors.
If you can't get inside a building or vehicle, you need to get as low to the ground as possible, in a ditch or depression. You don't want to be near a tree, you don't want to be on a sports field. Over the past ten years, lightning has been the number one sports-related killer on soccer fields.
It's important to know that the storm doesn't have to be on top of you.
Lightning can strike 10 to 15 miles in either direction of an approaching or departing storm.
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Who is affected by psoriatic arthritis?
There is no cure for PsA, as once joint damage has occurred it cannot be reversed. However, there are ways symptoms can be managed to slow progression, such as medical treatment and physical activity.
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The Book of Amos is a prophetic book of the Hebrew Bible, one of the Twelve Minor Prophets. Amos, an older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah, was active c. 750 BC during the reign of Jeroboam II, (786–746 BC) making the Book of Amos the first biblical prophetic book written. Amos lived in the kingdom of Judah but preached in the northern kingdom of Israel. His major themes of social justice, God's omnipotence, and divine judgment became staples of prophecy.
Amos was a prophet during the reign of Jeroboam ben Joash (Jeroboam II), ruler of Israel from 793 BC to 753 BC, and the reign of Uzziah, King of Judah, at a time when both kingdoms (Israel in the North and Judah in the South) were peaking in prosperity. He was a contemporary of the prophet Hosea, but likely preceded him. Many of the earlier accounts of prophets found in the Tanakh are found within the context of other accounts of Israel's history. Amos, however, is the first prophet whose name also serves as the title of the corresponding biblical book in which his story is found.
Amos made it a point that before his calling he was a simple husbandman and that he was not a "professional" prophet of the prophetic guild, but modern scholarship points out that he was educated, literate and likely an affluent land owner rather than a small shepherd.
The book was probably updated by later editors, who added material concerning the fall of Judah to the Neo-Babylonian Empire, which had not yet happened in Amos's lifetime; the passages concerning this event can be distinguished stylistically from the older parts of the text.
Amos prophesied in "the days of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam son of Joash, king of Israel". This would place his ministry between 767 and 753 BC. but a historically verifiable earthquake happened two years after he began to preach, and so it is possible to place Amos's ministry more precisely between about 765 and 760 BC.
Leading up to this time, Assyrian armies battled against Damascus for a number of years, which greatly diminished Syria's threat to Israel. As a result of the fighting amongst its neighbors, Israel had the benefit of increasing its borders almost to those of the time of David and Solomon.
It should also be noted that Amos preached about two years before a very large earthquake, and made reference to it twice in his book. Zechariah (Zechariah 14:5b) remembers this earthquake over 200 years later.
Some scholars believe that Amos' message was recorded after he delivered it to the Northern Kingdom, upon returning to his southern homeland of Tekoa, a town eight kilometres south of Bethlehem. It is mentioned many times in the Tanakh (Joshua 15:39, 2 Samuel 14:9 and 23:26, and 1 Chronicles 11:28). Rehoboam is reported to have fortified Tekoa along with other cities in Judah in 2 Chronicles 11:5–6.
There are some differing opinions as to the location of the Tekoa Amos was presumably from. It is believed by most that Amos was a southern farmer who chose to deliver his prophetic message in the North. However, some believe that Amos was actually from a Tekoa in the North, near Galilee. They believe that it is more probable that Amos was from the North because it has conditions more suitable for the cultivation of sycamore figs than the Tekoa of the South. Sycamore figs grow at a low elevation, lower than the Tekoa of Judah, which is at a relatively high elevation of 850 metres (overlooking both Jerusalem and Bethlehem). Others have discredited the theory about the Galilean Tekoa, citing that the difference in elevation between the two locations is not significant. Scholars in support of the idea of Amos being from the North also say it makes more sense because of Amaziah's accusation of conspiracy found in chapter seven, verse 10. A conspirator, they argue, is more likely to be a national.
Two other opinions of where Amos' writings were recorded deserve mention. They are that 1) disciples of Amos followed him and recorded his message and 2) that someone in his audience in the North recorded his message.
Amos prophesies in a dramatic tone against common crimes and injustices such as bribery and greed. The wealthy elite, Amos laments, are becoming rich at the expense of others. Peasant farmers who once practiced subsistence farming are being forced to farm what is best for foreign trade, mostly wine and oil. (Amos 6:6) As Y. Kaufmann has observed, the book elevates social justice and morality above cultic practice and ritual observance, but unlike later prophets, Amos does not fully reject the Yahwistic cult, meaning that his views are similar to those of the Priestly source.
God speaks to Amos, a farmer and herder, and tells him to go to Samaria, the capital of the Northern kingdom. Through Amos, God tells the people that he is going to judge Israel for its sins, and it will be a foreign nation that will enact his judgment.
The people understand judgment as the coming of "the Day of the LORD." "The Day of the LORD" was widely celebrated and highly anticipated by the followers of God. However, Amos came to tell the people that "the Day of the LORD" was coming soon and that it meant divine judgment and justice for their own iniquity.
Amos is the first prophet to use the term "the Day of the LORD". This phrase becomes important within future prophetic and apocalyptic literature. For the people of Israel "the day of the LORD" is the day when God will fight against his and their enemies, and it will be a day of victory for Israel. However, Amos and other prophets include Israel as an enemy of God, as Israel is guilty of injustice toward the innocent, poor, and young women. To Amos "the day of the lord" will be a day of doom.
The book of Amos has three major sections plus an epilogue. Chapters one and two look at the nations surrounding Israel and then Israel itself through an ethical lens. Chapters three to six are a collection of verses that look more specifically at Israel's transgressions. Chapters seven to nine include visions that Yahweh gave Amos as well as Amaziah's rebuke of the prophet. The last section of the book (7:1 to 9:8), commonly referred to as the Book of Visions, contains the only narrative section. In the first two visions, Amos is able to convince God not to act out the scenes of discipline presented to him. The ideas of discipline and justice, although not enacted here, correspond to the central message in what some refer to as the Book of Woes (5:1 to 6:14). This message can be seen most clearly in verse 24 of chapter five. The plagues in the preceding chapter, chapter four, were supposed to be seen as acts of discipline that turned Israel back to God. However, the people did not interpret the acts this way, and the discipline turned into judgment for the people's disobedience. In the second set of visions (7:7–9) there is no intercession by Amos, and God says that he "will never pass by them again." The plight of Israel has become hopeless. God will not hold back judgment because Israel refuses to listen to the prophets and even goes so far as to try to silence them (2:12, 3:8, 7:10–17).
The central idea of the book of Amos is that God puts his people on the same level as the surrounding nations – God expects the same purity of them all. As it is with all nations that rise up against the kingdom of God, even Israel and Judah will not be exempt from the judgment of God because of their idolatry and unjust ways. The nation that represents YHWH must be made pure of anything or anyone that profanes the name of God. God's name must be exalted.
Other major ideas in the book of Amos include: social justice and concern for the disadvantaged; the idea that Israel's covenant with God did not exempt them from accountability for sin; God is God of all nations; God is judge of all nations; God is God of moral righteousness; God made all people; God elected Israel and then liberated Israel so that He would be known throughout the world; election by God means that those elected are responsible to live according to the purposes clearly outlined to them in the covenant; if God destroys the unjust, a remnant will remain; and God is free to judge whether to redeem Israel.
Scholars have long recognized that Amos utilized an ancient hymn within his prophecy, verses of which are found at 4.13; 5.8–9; 8.8; 9.5–6. This hymn is best understood as praising YHWH for His judgment, demonstrated in His destructive power, rather than praise for creation. Scholarship has also identified 'Sumerian City Lament' (SCL) motifs within Amos and particularly the hymn, offering the possibility that Amos used SCL as a literary template for his prophecy of Jerusalem's destruction. The Amos hymn has also been discussed in terms of a 'covenant curse' which was used to warn Israel of the consequences of breaking the covenant, and in particular a 'Flood covenant-curse' motif, first identified by D.R. Hillers. Recent scholarship has shown Amos' hymn is an ancient narrative text, has identified a new verse at 7.4; and has compared the hymn to the Genesis Flood account, and Job 9:5–10.
1 2 3 4 Hayes, Christine (2006). "Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) — Lecture 16 - Literary Prophecy: Amos". Open Yale Courses. Yale University.
↑ Coogan, M. A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2009. pp. 258–259.
↑ Anderson, Francis I. & David Noel Freedman, Amos The Anchor Yale Bible, vol. 24A, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Pages xxv–xlii.
Paul, Shalom M. Amos: A Commentary on the Book of Amos. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.
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There are a few larger holiday parks included in the list below, and several smaller parks with lodges - some of which have their own private hot tub. The park and lodges in question are "Balmaha Lodges near Loch Lomond, Scotland".
Balmaha Lodges near Loch Lomond, Scotland - Balmaha Lodges are on the shores of Loch Lomond in Scotland. Balmaha Lodges has a small collection of lodges, sleeping up to 8 people, with most lodges having their own hot tub.
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A reminder for the times when you need it most.
"How ironic, your permanent ink tattoo says, "This too shall pass!"
Yes, so ironic, so hilarious. I've never heard that joke before.
So, why did I get these four words tattooed on my arm?
In order to understand the importance of the quote, you should understand where it originally came from.
Many say that "This Too Shall Pass" comes from a Jewish wisdom folklore. In the folklore, King Solomon wanted to humble Benaiah Ben Yahoyada. He gave Benaiah a task to find the ring that, when worn, will make the happy man sad and the sad man happy. King Solomon told Benaiah to be back by Sukkot so he could wear the ring and show it off to all of the Ministers, even though no such ring really existed. Benaiah searched for the ring, but could not find it anywhere. On the night before Sukkot, Benaiah stopped and asked a merchant if he knew of said ring. The merchant gave to Benaiah a gold ring, with which there were three Hebrew letters inscribed: a gimel, zayin, and yud. The letters abbreviated "Gam Zeh Ya'avor." Translate that to English and it says "This Too Shall Pass". When Benaiah returned to King Solomon with the ring, King Solomon was in awe. He sent Benaiah out on an impossible task, but Benaiah completed it anyways. When he was given the ring, Solomon realized that all of the wealth, wisdom, and power would not last forever, and one day he will be nothing more than dust, just like everybody else.
So the quote stands as a reminder that it doesn't matter how bad things are, it's only temporary; stay positive. It doesn't matter how great things are, it's not going to last forever; stay humble. A reminder for the times when you're feeling a little extra anxious that you're going to get through it and everything is going to be okay.
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