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Slime farming is a method of automatically spawning and killing Slimes to easily obtain Slimeballs.
Before building a slime farm, first decide whether to build it in a slime chunk or swamp biome. Every chunk that is generated in a world has a 10% chance of being a slime chunk. Within slime chunks, slimes can spawn up to Y=39 inclusive. This method requires an underground room to be dug out before the farm is constructed. Slime spawning in swamps can occur between Y=51 and Y=69 inclusive. This method has the advantage of not requiring a dug-out room prior to building the farm, and the size of the farm is not limited, unlike the slime-chunk method.
The first step in constructing either farm is the spawning place. In most farm designs, spawning platforms are created which spawn slimes that are then moved to a killing trap, usually a drowning trap to split larger slimes down and dispatch the smallest size. Spawning pads are usually constructed with a 2½-block gap using slabs, to allow all types of slimes to spawn. It is important to light the spawn platforms up, otherwise other hostile mobs can spawn too. It is also recommended to light the area in a 128-block radius around the farm, so as to keep the hostile mob cap as low as possible.
The second step in building a slime farm is transportation. In pre-1.8 traps, this is usually achieved by using 'canals' of water separated by signs. As slimes can swim in snapshot 14w06a and above, specific water placement is required in 1.8 and above.
The final step in building a slime farm is the separation and killing trap. To separate the different sizes down to the smallest, a drowning trap is usually used. The largest type of slime is split to the medium size, and medium to small. The slimes are then taken off to another trap to be killed, usually another drowning trap. For greater efficiency, the separation trap could be used as a killing trap as well, although this can be difficult in slime farm traps if the spawning room is too small.
To automatically collect the slimeballs produced by the farm, create a hole below the end of the trap. Place some hoppers (a 2×2 hole is recommended for greater efficiency) above double chests. Using both regular and trapped chests allows the chests to be placed next to each other.
Many slime farms, especially those involving iron golems and the mechanic of slimes sinking into a water pit, were broken in 1.8 release of Minecraft. Jioge has the solution with this simple trap. Slimes are now able to swim upward and on a horizontal axis, so it is important to take note of how Jioge places the water in the drowning trap.
This slime farm's design is quite different from most of the others. Indeed, it uses less spawning pads, which, due to the way the slime spawning algorithm works, increases the spawning rates (see video for more details). The slimes are then lured off of the platforms using iron golems and killed by magma blocks.
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Stručný text, shrnující možnosti a způsoby využití myšlekových map v projektovém managementu.
Mind maps help people connect information quickly. Using the mind mapping technique in project management allows a project manager to draw simple pictures that reflect complex ideas. Drawing a mind map typically starts by writing the title of a topic in the center of a whiteboard, piece of paper or software tool. The next step is to write down subtopics and draw lines out from the circle so the project manager can show the connections. He can create additional subtopics to show other important facts."
The mind mapping technique can be used as a powerful, creative and productive way to manage projects, structure and categorize complex information, and provide interesting reports that catch people’s attention. By minimizing words and focusing on relationships, mind maps allow project managers and team members to quickly see dependencies and problems, saving time and money. Using mind maps can significantly improve a project team’s productivity."
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The date: August 16-18, 2000.
Event: Warwickshire v Surrey in the Second XI Championship.
Scores: Surrey (238, Pietersen 16-3-60-1), Warwickshire (211, Pietersen 92), Surrey (293-8, Ratcliffe 77, Pietersen 4-0-11-1). Match drawn.
Context: Kevin Pietersen, playing club cricket for Cannock in the Birmingham League, was called into Warwickshire's second team for a trial. Despite top scoring, it was to be his only game for the club.
Jamie Fleet (Cannock team mate): "I wouldn't say he struck me as a world beater. He was clearly a good player and took his cricket very seriously, but most overseas players are like that.
"He was part of a good Cannock side. He scored 405 runs in 13 innings and took 16 wickets at 25 apiece in the Birmingham League. I think we recommended him for the Midland Cricket Conference side, but not to Warwickshire.
"He was recommended to us at Cannock by Doug Watson, the South African batsman we signed as our pro in the mid-90s. Nasser Hussain was keen to get him playing club cricket in Essex at the same time."
Steve Perryman (Warwickshire coach): "We were after an off-spinner really. We were looking at a long-term replacement for Neil Smith, who was coming towards the end of an excellent career. The way Kevin was sold to us, we were expecting a bowler who batted a bit."
JF: "He was always more of a batsman. He had just scored 50 (61 not out in 57 balls with four sixes) against England A (a side that included Andy Caddick, Alex Tudor, Andy Flintoff and Phil Tufnell) when we signed him.
Gareth Batty (Surrey's captain for that game): "It was the first time I had come across him. He didn't make much impression with the ball. But I remember him quite clearly with the bat."
SP: "He batted exactly the way he bats now. He put bat to ball and played very well. He was impressive."
GB: "The conditions were bowler friendly and Carl Greenidge bowled really well, and pretty quickly too. All their batsmen struggled. All except one."
Tony Frost (Warwickshire's keeper in the game): "It was the first time I had come across him. The thing I remember most was his confidence. He had a hell of a lot of belief in his own ability."
GB: "Carl dropped slightly short and KP hooked it miles over square leg. I mean it was a massive shot. It flew out of the ground, over some trees and knocked the tiles off the roof of a house. It made us all sit up. He played really well in difficult conditions. It was clear that he was one to watch."
TF: "He hit it hard and he hit it a long way. One six was massive. He batted very well. I can't remember a thing about his bowling though."
SP: "I wouldn't say we rejected him at all. We invited him to play another game for the seconds, but by then he was a long way down the road to signing with Notts. His agent basically said to us, 'Right, you either have to make him an offer now or he's going to sign for another county.' We thought about it, but weren't prepared to be rushed into a decision."
John Morris (former England and Derbyshire, Notts and Durham batsman; then KP's agent): "Warwickshire had first refusal over Kevin. That's a fact. I met with Dennis Amiss and Bob Woolmer and came away with the impression that they weren't interested in Kevin. Even before I was involved I believe television presenter Nick Owen suggested to Warwickshire that Kevin was worth a look."
Nick Owen (television presenter): "I saw him playing for Cannock in the Birmingham League. He hit 100 against my son's side, Harborne, and I remember thinking what an amazing player he was. I actually recommended him to Colin Wells at Derbyshire. They had a look at him but weren't interested. That's a shame, because he would have been great value at the time."
TF: "Not for a minute did I think he would go on to become the player he has. Nobody did. He's improved a hell of a lot."
SP: "When you see how it's worked out for him, it's fair to say he'd win a place in any team. He's a fine player. But we had several exciting young batsmen coming through - guys like Mark Wagh, Ian Bell and Jim Troughton - and had we signed Kevin, it might well have blocked their progress. Who knows?
"A bit later Jonathan Trott came along in similar circumstances. But we knew he was primarily a batsman and he forced his way onto the staff by scoring an unbeaten double century in his first second XI game."
JM: "Warwickshire are trying to cover themselves. They would, wouldn't they? They passed up the opportunity to sign a top player. But to be fair, if they were choosing between Pietersen and Bell, they made the right decision. Kevin's had five ducks this season and Bell has just hit his first Test century. You can't sign them all. Derbyshire were also offered a look, but after Kevin had seen Trent Bridge, that's where he wanted to play. He was keen to work with Clive Rice, too."
SP: "Neil Smith has been a hard guy to replace. I think in the end we signed Gavin Franklin that year. Looking at Pietersen's bowling, you couldn't really say that was a mistake. I'm not sure how seriously he takes his bowling now. He's had such success with the bat that he probably hasn't had to work on the bowling as much as he might have done."
JM: "I got the impression that it was because Neil Smith was at the club that they didn't want Kevin. Neil was an off-spinning all-rounder and so was Kevin. The club may have been looking at a long-term replacement for Smith, but I'm not sure he was thinking the same way."
SP: "Kevin was certainly a confident guy. He made his presence felt. But there were no problems in the dressing room. He was fine."
JF: "He was never a problem. He wanted to bowl more, but we had Laurie Potter in the side, and he bowled quite a few overs of left-arm spin. Kevin's bowling opportunities were a bit limited and there were a few conversations about that. But he didn't fall out with anybody. He keeps in touch with lads at the club and we're proud of the role we played in his development."
JM: "There's no animosity between me and Kevin. I was disappointed when he jumped ship - and the way he jumped ship - after I'd negotiated his first two contracts at Notts, but I guess that's the sort of character he is. But I don't think that his character had any bearing on Warwickshire's decision. He's a top player."
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"Navstar s the name of the American system, not GPS. GLONASS, Navstar and Galileo are all types of GPS."
That's exactly backwards. The American system is explicitly called the Global Positioning System; Navstar was an old name that is no longer used. GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and others are all satellite navigation systems (GNSS is the usual abbreviation for "Global Navigation Satellite System"); only one of them is called GPS.
As for the question about whether you need a new phone, it probably depends on how old your phone is. Galileo and newer GPS satellites are designed to be easily compatible so at least in the future most devices will support both by default. For now, all the separate systems require a separate receiver, so you need to check which ones they can actually use. GLONASS support is fairly common in addition to GPS, and Galileo isn't too unusual, so it's quite possible a current phone will work them all. Beidou and NAVIC are currently only regional, so you're unlikely to find support for them in phones not sold in the relevant regions.
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The federal idea evolved from Britain's desire for administrative convenience in managing her colonial empire since its beginnings in the seventeenth century. From William Stapleton's General Assembly of the Leeward Islands of 1674 to the establishment of Robert Melvill's Government of Grenada of 1763, to John Pope-Hennessy's Confederation of the Windward Islands of 1876, Britain had, throughout the centuries, sought to rationalize the administration of her possessions in the West Indies. These attempts to impose federation by imperial fiat all ended in failure.
There was, however, an unofficial but no less real sense of unity among ordinary Caribbean people, particularly in the eastern Caribbean. They impeded the advance of European colonialism for the two centuries before 1763 and participated in each other's anticolonial, antislavery, proto-nationalist struggles at the end of the eighteenth century. Close bonds of friendship, trade, and consanguinity developed among them, despite the continued insularity and parochialism of the elites of their respective colonies. Few such relationships developed between the people of the eastern Caribbean and those of Jamaica, more than a thousand miles to the northwest, despite their common history of British colonial rule.
The experiences of Afro-Caribbean soldiers during World War I, leading to the formation of a "Caribbean League," brought about some semblance of a West Indian ethos to the forefront of the collective consciousness of the ordinary people. No less important was the granting of test status to the West Indies cricket team in 1928. By then, Britain had already regarded her West Indies possessions as a single unit. By the middle 1920s the British had also begun the gradual process of dismantling colonial rule by granting increasing degrees of self-government to the colonial constitutions.
must be West Indian." He used the paper to popularize both the causes of West Indian self-government and federation. A conference of British West Indies labor leaders in Dominica in 1932 then called for a West Indies federation. The cause was strengthened in 1933 by the West Indian intellectual C. L. R. James, who argued persuasively in his essay, The Case for West Indian Self-Government, for the British West Indies to be granted self-government, even if it meant freedom to make their own mistakes.
After 1945 the federal idea was entrenched—somewhat—among ordinary West Indians, and somehow synchronized with Britain's post–World War II exhaustion and a newfound disposition to relinquish her colonial empire. In cricket, the West Indies won its first ever series victory over England in 1950. Cricket had, by then, become a major theater in which the struggle for West Indian nationhood was fought. The West Indians' mastery of this complex, quintessentially British game demonstrated their ability to manage their own affairs.
In 1948 the University College of the West Indies was established, with a single campus at Mona, Jamaica. It was in a special relationship with the University of London. This brought the region's tertiary students together at a university in the Caribbean for the first time, and also brought together some of the region's best intellectual talent for teaching and research on primarily West Indian subjects and issues. It was not an independent degree-granting institution at the time.
The 1947 Montego Bay, Jamaica, Conference of colonial leaders produced the Closer Union Committee and the Regional Economic Committee. The former produced a draft constitution for a British West Indies federation that was accepted by all British colonies except the British Virgin Islands, British Honduras, and British Guiana, which eventually opted out of membership of the proposed body. This left a body of ten member units, all island colonies.
Follow-up conferences in London in 1953, 1955, and 1956 worked out the general details. The British Parliament then passed the British Caribbean Federation Act. Britain retained powers over external affairs, defense, and general financial affairs in the colonial federation. The constitution established a bicameral legislature, with a governor-general vested with significant executive powers. The forty-five-member House of Representatives was elected by universal adult suffrage, and the Senate comprised nineteen nominated members. The executive was a "Council of State," composed of and presided over by the governor-general, prime minister, and ten ministers. A supreme court and a civil service were also established. Chaguaramas, an American World War II naval base on the northwestern peninsula of Trinidad and Tobago, was chosen as the site for the federal capital.
The British continued the gradual constitutional decolonization in the major colonies, to the extent that the 1958 federal constitution lagged behind those of Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados, all of which then possessed varying degrees of self-government. This policy was, however, not consistently followed in the eastern Caribbean. This continued after 1958, a policy that ultimately helped to undermine the federal body itself.
In the 1958 federal elections, the West Indies Federal Labour Party, an association of political parties with a socialist outlook, won twenty-six seats, with the Democratic Labour Party winning seventeen. Norman Manley and Eric Williams, two of the most prominent figures in British West Indian politics, refused to stand for election to the federal parliament. Their absence lowered the federation's legitimacy for many West Indians. This left them free to criticize the federation from the sidelines, while simultaneously pursuing their respective colony's particular interests independent of the federation's official authority.
In any event, the political arrangement after the elections left Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago underrepresented in the federal government, while the eastern Caribbean was overrepresented. Lord Hailes was appointed governor-general. The Barbadian Grantley Adams became prime minister, with most ministers from the eastern Caribbean.
The first British West Indian parliament was inaugurated by Her Royal Highness Princess Margaret at Governor General's House, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, on April 22, 1958. Marryshow's death on October 19, 1958, boded ill for the fledgling federation. A member of the federal Senate and the "Father of Federation," Marry-show may have died happy in seeing his dream realized in his lifetime, but the federation was constituted contrary to his declared wish that self-government should be granted before federation.
Outside of the West Indies Welfare Fund, the University College of the West Indies, the Federal Supreme Court, and the West India Regiment, the federation's powers did not extend very far. In addition, its revenue base was narrow, largely due to the colonial legislatures' refusal to surrender the powers of taxation to the federal parliament. It could contribute little to real development, as such matters as education and economic development remained the preserve of the individual colonies.
Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, the two largest colonies and major contributors to the federation's operating costs, prevailed upon the British to overrule the eastern Caribbean representatives' objections and revise the constitution at a conference in September 1959—well ahead of schedule—with a view to making the federal parliament more representative of these colonies' size and contribution. The membership of the House of Representatives was increased to sixty-four, with Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago allocated thirty and fifteen seats respectively. Cabinet government was granted and the governor-general's powers reduced. Overall, the federal constitution was brought on par with those of Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago.
The conference that produced these constitutional advances could not repair the serious rift that developed over the two dominant colonies' rival and opposing concepts of federation. Trinidad and Tobago, or at least Eric Williams, wanted a strong centralized federation with powers over taxation and economic development and a customs union. Jamaica, or at least Manley, wanted a loose, weak union leaving economic development to the individual territories. The Jamaican delegation all but walked out of the 1959 conference and the federation itself.
Other tensions arose, particularly when Williams successfully negotiated with the U.S. government for the return of Chaguaramas to Trinidad and Tobago, independent of the federal authorities and despite the protests of the federal officials. There were also strong disagreements, particularly between Trinidad and Tobago and the eastern Caribbean territories, over the question of freedom of movement of people in the federation. The smaller, poorer, and densely populated member colonies desired freedom of movement, particularly after Britain imposed restrictions on immigration to the United Kingdom itself. Trinidad and Tobago, however, strongly resisted this measure.
The question of the free movement of goods was another issue. Trinidad and Tobago was in favor of the free movement of goods within the free trade area created by the federation and a system of uniform tariffs outside of it. Jamaica, whose government revenues depended heavily on customs duties, strongly opposed this.
Perhaps the greatest difficulty in the federation was that of economic development. The federal parliament desired control over the economic development of the federation as a whole. Jamaica opposed this on the grounds that this might be achieved at the expense of her own development. This was a crucial factor in Jamaica's eventual withdrawal from the federation.
Both the Jamaicans and Trinidadians were convinced that in granting federation, Britain had in fact transferred her liability for the eastern Caribbean to their colonies, which they saw was adversely affecting their own development. The passage of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act by the British Parliament, enacted to control immigration from Commonwealth countries, and Britain's decision to become a member of the European Common Market seemed to vindicate their concerns.
Unless some compromise was worked out, the federation was doomed. Unofficial discussions between Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica failed to produce a satisfactory solution. In a September 1961 referendum, Jamaica voted to secede from the federation, prompting Williams's calculation that "1 from 10 leaves 0." Ignoring all entreaties to continue a rump, Jamaicaless federation composed effectively of the eastern Caribbean—virtually integrated already—Williams followed Jamaica's lead. The British Parliament dissolved the federation effective May 1962. Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago proceeded to independence in August 1962, leaving the smaller colonies to work out their future individual relationships with Britain.
From 1958 to 1962 Britain held most of her West Indian colonies under a single administration, and for a brief moment their peoples glimpsed the possibilities of a West Indian nation. Representatives of the entire Caribbean with a common history of British rule met in one place and under one authority to address the issues that concerned them. The British West Indies received diplomatic recognition from the rest of the British Commonwealth and the United States. The federation's sportsmen participated in international events as a single unit.
The collapse of the British West Indies Federation was the result of many deep-seated causes. Perhaps the most important was the intercolonial rivalries, insularity, and parochialism that have characterized British West Indian politics for three centuries. For most West Indians, the island was the unit that held the first claim to their allegiance. Whereas in the eastern Caribbean, profederation sentiment seemed to have always been strong, it was not uniformly so in the rest of the Caribbean. This was particularly so in the case of Jamaica, which had more in common with her neighbors and North America than the eastern Caribbean.
Perhaps most of all, the British West Indies Federation was still a collection of British colonies not yet granted full self-government, and for which the United Kingdom retained ultimate control. There were left too many fundamental issues to be worked out between politicians who had no significant history of working together for a common purpose and who were more inclined to place the interests of their individual territories before those of a federated whole.
The British West Indies Federation was a shattered dream to many West Indian people. In the decades that followed its collapse, the West Indies cricket team and The University of the West Indies, which received its independence in 1962, have remained the most visible manifestations of the dream of a West Indian nation.
Greenwood, R., and S. Hamber. Caribbean Certificate History: Development and Decolonisation. London and Oxford: Macmillan Education, 1981.
Grimshaw, Anna, ed. The C. L. R. James Reader. Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1992.
Meighoo, Kirk Peter. Politics in a "Half Made Society": Trinidad and Tobago 1925–2001. Kingston, Oxford, and Princeton: Ian Randle Publishers, James Currey Publishers, and Marcus Wiener Publishers, 2003.
Parry, J. H., and Philip Sherlock. A Short History of the West Indies. London and Basingstoke, N.J.: Macmillan, 1981.
Steele, Beverley A. Grenada: A History of Its People. Oxford: Macmillan Education, 2003.
Williams, Eric. Inward Hunger: The Education of a Prime Minister. London: Andre Deutsch, 1969.
"West Indies Federation." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. . Encyclopedia.com. 19 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
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If between sizes, order one size up. XS=0, S=2-4, M=6-8, L=10-12. Fit: this style fits true to size. Model's stats for sizing: - Height: 5'10" - Bust: 32" - Waist: 24" - Hips: 34" Model is wearing size M.
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Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. Since there is no general solution to the image segmentation problem, these techniques often have to be combined with domain knowledge in order to effectively solve an image segmentation problem for a problem domain.
In this case, distance is the squared or absolute difference between a pixel and a cluster center. The difference is typically based on pixel color, intensity, texture, and location, or a weighted combination of these factors.
This algorithm is guaranteed to converge, but it may not return the optimal solution. The quality of the solution depends on the initial set of clusters and the value of K.
In statistics and machine learning, the k-means algorithm is clustering algorithm to partition n objects into K clusters, where K < n. It is similar to the expectation-maximization algorithm for Gaussians mixtures in that both attempt to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. In terms of performance the algorithm is not guaranteed to return a global optimum. The quality of the final solution depends largely on the initial set of clusters. Since the algorithm is extremely fast, a common method is to run the algorithm several times and return the best clustering found. A drawback of the k-means algorithm is that the number of clusters K is an input parameter. An inappropriate choice of K may yield poor results. The algorithm also assumes that the variance is an appropriate measure of cluster scatter.
Histogram-based methods are very efficient when compared to other image segmentation methods because they typically require only one pass through the pixels. In this technique, a histogram is computed from all of the pixels in the image, and the peaks and valleys in the histogram are used to locate the clusters in the image. Color or intensity can be used as the measure.
A refinement of this technique is to recursively apply the histogram-seeking method to clusters in the image in order to divide them into smaller clusters. This is repeated with smaller and smaller clusters until no more clusters are formed.
One disadvantage of the histogram-seeking method is that it may be difficult to identify significant peaks and valleys in the image. In this technique of image classification distance metric and integrated region matching are familiar.
Histogram-based approaches can also be quickly adapted to occur over multiple frames, while maintaining their single pass efficiency. The histogram can also be applied on a per pixel basis where the information result are used to determine the most frequent color for the pixel location. This approach segments based on active objects and a static environment, resulting in a different type of segmentation useful in Video tracking.
Edge detection is a well-developed field on its own within image processing. Region boundaries and edges are closely related, since there is often a sharp adjustment in intensity at the region boundaries. Edge detection techniques have therefore been used as the base of another segmentation technique.
The challenge is, the edges identified by edge detection are often disconnected. To segment an object from an image however, one needs closed region boundaries.
The first region growing method was the seeded region growing method. This method takes a set of seeds as input along with the image. The seeds mark each of the objects to be segmented. The regions are iteratively grown by comparing all unallocated neighboring pixels to the regions. The difference between a pixel's intensity value and the region's mean, δ, is used as a measure of similarity. The pixel with the smallest difference measured this way is allocated to the respective region. This process continues until all pixels are allocated to a region.
Drawback is seeded region growing requires seeds as additional input. The segmentation results are dependent on the choice of seeds. Noise in the image can cause the seeds to be poorly placed.
Unseeded region growing is a modified algorithm that doesn't require explicit seeds. It starts off with a single region A1 – the pixel chosen here does not significantly influence final segmentation. At each iteration it considers the neighboring pixels in the same way as seeded region growing. It differs from seeded region growing in that if the minimum δ is less than a predefined threshold T then it is added to the respective region Aj. If not, then the pixel is considered significantly different from all current regions Ai and a new region An + 1 is created with this pixel.
Graph partitioning methods can effectively be used for image segmentation. In these methods, the image is modeled as a weighted, undirected graph. Usually a pixel or a group of pixels are associated with nodes and edge weights define the (dis)similarity between the neighborhood pixels. The graph (image) is then partitioned according to a criterion designed to model "good" clusters. Each partition of the nodes (pixels) output from these algorithms are considered an object segment in the image. Some popular algorithms of this category are normalized cuts, random walker, minimum cut, isoperimetric partitioning and minimum spanning tree-based segmentation.
The watershed transformation considers the gradient magnitude of an image as a topographic surface. Pixels having the highest gradient magnitude intensities (GMIs) correspond to watershed lines, which represent the region boundaries. Water placed on any pixel enclosed by a common watershed line flows downhill to a common local intensity minimum (LIM). Pixels draining to a common minimum form a catch basin, which represents a segment.
The central assumption of such an approach is that structures of interest/organs have a repetitive form of geometry. Therefore, one can seek for a probabilistic model towards explaining the variation of the shape of the organ and then when segmenting an image impose constraints using this model as prior. Such a task involves (i) registration of the training examples to a common pose, (ii) probabilistic representation of the variation of the registered samples, and (iii) statistical inference between the model and the image. State of the art methods in the literature for knowledge-based segmentation involve active shape and appearance models, active contours and deformable templates and level-set based methods.
Neural Network segmentation relies on processing small areas of an image using an artificial neural network or a set of neural networks. After such processing the decision-making mechanism marks the areas of an image accordingly to the category recognized by the neural network. A type of network designed especially for this is the Kohonen map.
Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks (PCNNs) are neural models proposed by modeling a cat's visual cortex and developed for high-performance biomimetic image processing. In 1989, Eckhorn introduced a neural model to emulate the mechanism of cat's visual cortex. The Eckhorn model provided a simple and effective tool for studying small mammal's visual cortex, and was soon recognized as having significant application potential in image processing. In 1994, the Eckhorn model was adapted to be an image processing algorithm by Johnson, who termed this algorithm as Pulse-Coupled Neural Network. Over the past decade, PCNNs have been utilized for a variety of image processing applications, including: image segmentation, feature generation, face extraction, motion detection, region growing, noise reduction, etc.
A PCNN is a two-dimensional neural network. Each neuron in the network corresponds to one pixel in an input image, receiving its corresponding pixel's color information (e.g. intensity) as an external stimulus. Each neuron also connects with its neighboring neurons, receiving local stimuli from them. The external and local stimuli are combined in an internal activation system, which accumulates the stimuli until it exceeds a dynamic threshold, resulting in a pulse output. Through iterative computation, PCNN neurons produce temporal series of pulse outputs. The temporal series of pulse outputs contain information of input images and can be utilized for various image processing applications, such as image segmentation and feature generation. Compared with conventional image processing means, PCNNs have several significant merits, including robustness against noise, independence of geometric variations in input patterns, capability of bridging minor intensity variations in input patterns, etc.
ITK-SNAP is a GUI tool that combines manual and semi-automatic segmentation with level sets.
OpenCV is a computer vision library originally developed by Intel.
Fiji - Fiji is just ImageJ, an image processing package which includes different segmentation plug-ins.
AForge.NET - an open source C# framework.
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In an ideal world, we would run a new personal record at every race we enter. Peak performance, that’s what we competitive runners train for day in and day out. That luring new PR is what makes us get up in the morning on a rainy day and run hard intervals even if we don’t feel like it. While a performance increase in a straight line is fiction, I will make a case on how to give it your best shot every time.
The ultimate goal of training – aside from its health benefits – is to reach ‘peak performance’ on race day. For world-class athletes that means being in their best shape for a few key events, such as the Olympics, World Championships, and major road races to attract sponsors and to win prize money. That requires an unrelenting focus on one particular race distance throughout the season.
The reality of most competitive runners, however, is quite different. On average, we participate in 11 road races of per year. What’s more, most of us compete in 5Ks, 10Ks, and HMs frequently, with the occasional marathon to test our limits. That necessitates a flexible approach to training with multi-pace training year-round and rather short periods of event-specific training.
The most suitable method for frequent racing is non-linear periodization. Whereas linear periodization is based on dedicated focus blocks of 1 or 2 training modes, non-linear periodization incorporates the full spectrum of intensities year-round. There is still the element of ‘periodization’, of course, with an emphasis on certain abilities. And yet, no workout mode is ever really sidelined.
The looming question is: “How long does it take to reach peak performance?” If you are running year-round, with a solid base of weekly mileage and multi-pace training, then a peak can be reached within a few weeks, depending on your race distance. In the next few paragraphs, I will outline how to peak for any of the classic road races with minor training adjustments.
5K peak performance: Minimum mileage = 20 miles (30 km)/week. Preparation time = 4 – 8 weeks. The 5K relies heavily on your maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate tolerance, and maximal speed. Since 5K race pace closely resembles VO2max pace, the macrocycle to reach peak 5K fitness can be rather short. The long run should cover at least 7 miles (12 km).
10K peak performance: Minimum mileage = 25 miles (40 km)/week. Preparation time = 6 – 10 weeks. The physiological demands of a 10K race are very similar to the 5K (high VO2max, lactate tolerance, decent speed) but requires more stamina. This can be achieved with cruise intervals at 15K pace (direct endurance support). The long run should cover at least 10 miles (16 km).
Half-marathon peak performance: Minimum mileage = 30 miles (48 km)/week. Preparation time = 8 – 12 weeks. The half-marathon necessitates a high lactate threshold (LT) because a pace at LT can only be held for an hour. Threshold runs are most beneficial when a solid VO2max has been built in the weeks before. The long run should cover at least the 12 miles (20 km) with possible add-ons.
Marathon peak performance: Minimum mileage = 40 miles (64 km)/week. Preparation time = 12 – 16 weeks. The marathon is an anomaly compared to the other race distances. It requires everything a half-marathon does, plus an incredibly high resistance to fatigue. Hence, a fairly high overall mileage and a substantial long run of at least 17 miles (27 km) in the peak week are mandatory.
In summary: Given that you train consistently, peak performance for any of the classic road races can be achieved rather quickly. The most suitable method for frequent racing is non-linear periodization, which features multiple intensities at all times. Since the physiological determinants for different race distances overlap, a few weeks of race-specific sharpening are often all that is needed.
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This paper aims to make visible a diversifying hegemony in how language and identity issues are currently being framed in the educational sciences. Furthermore, it highlights the continuing marginalization of research across global South-North settings where social practices vis-à-vis linguistic heterogeneity are centre-staged. Finally, the paper empirically illustrates how studies of “languaging” (Jorgensen 2008, Linell 2009) and “identiting” (Bagga-Gupta 2017) across time and global North-South arenas, including digital sites, can open up alternative spaces for reframing what language and identity are and can be (Bagga-Gupta 2017, Butler 1999, Finnegan 2015, Gramling 2016, Messina Dahlberg, 2015).
Concepts like Translanguaging and Nyanlända (Swedish: “newly-arrived”) have quickly been embraced in the directives and frameworks of Swedish agencies. Similarly, with the explicit aim of promoting the distribution of knowledge about increased diversity in Swedish society, the current commission of tailored courses for teachers has seen a growing mobilization of nomenclature that targets new communicative practices. The paper traces the emergence of some central concepts in the language sciences (“bi/multi/pluri/semilingualism”, “trans/languaging”) and the literature on migration studies and globalization (“super/hyper/diversity”, “im/migrants/newly-arrived”). It illuminates the ways in which nomenclature shifts and “academic branding” (Pavlenko 2017) contribute towards (or confound) communication and diversity issues in the educational sector. Here, social practices across analogue and digital settings, where the focus is on individuals interacting with one another and tools, and where locality and spatiality are not always bound to the four walls of institutional learning settings claim analytical attention.
The study focuses upon data from ethnographical projects at the CCD research group (www.ju.se/ccd). This includes naturally occurring interactional material and textual data (current scholarship inside and outside Sweden and directives from the national bodies in charge of schools and teacher education in Sweden). Theoretically framed at the crossroads of sociocultural and decolonial perspectives, the study specifically asks how a neologism like Translanguaging (including current debates on the most appropriate translations of the concept into Swedish) differs from what is “normal languaging”, and what neologisms like Nyanländaor Super/hyperdiversity offer in comparison to “normal diversity”? What, in other words, we ask is normal languaging and normal diversity?
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The Arthurian League was formed back in 1961 and is currently running with seven divisions of sixty teams. It was set up for teams of public schools old boys and is affilated to the the Amateur Football Alliance making it not part of the English Football pyramid system much like the Southern Amateur League (formed in 1907) and the Amateur Football Combination (formed in 2002 as result of the merger between the Old Boy's Football League and Southern Olympian League).
The league has two clubs steeped in football history as members in Old Carthusians and Old Etonians. The former's first team have dominated the league's top division since 2006 winning the title eight times and lifting the famous Arthur Dunn Cup seven times. Old Carthsians were formed in 1876 famously winning The FA Cup in 1881 and The FA Amateur Cup in 1894 and 1897. The Old Etonians were formed five years earlier than their rivals in 1871 and winning The FA Cup in 1879 and 1882 as well reaching the final in 1875, 1876, 1881 and 1883. They have not won the Arthurian League Premier Division since 2004/05.
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Black intends to follow up with 3...Bg7 and 4...d6. The Grünfeld Defence arises when Black plays 3...d5 instead, and is considered a separate opening. White's major third move options are 3.Nc3, 3.Nf3 or 3.g3, with both the King's Indian and Grünfeld playable against these moves.
The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) classifies the King's Indian Defence under the codes E60 through E99.
The King's Indian is a hypermodern opening, where Black deliberately allows White control of the centre with his pawns, with the view to subsequently challenge it with the moves ...e5 or ...c5. Until the mid-1930s, it was generally regarded as highly suspect, but the analysis and play of three strong Ukrainian players in particular - Alexander Konstantinopolsky, Isaac Boleslavsky, and David Bronstein - helped to make the defence much more respected and popular. It is a dynamic opening, exceptionally complex, and a favourite of former world champions Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, and Mikhail Tal, with prominent grandmasters Viktor Korchnoi, Miguel Najdorf, Efim Geller, John Nunn, Svetozar Gligorić, Wolfgang Uhlmann, Ilya Smirin, Teimour Radjabov and Ding Liren having also contributed much to the theory and practice of this opening.
The Classical Variation is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5.
The Main Line or Mar del Plata Variation continues 7.0-0 Nc6 8.d5 Ne7. Now White has a wide variety of moves, including 9.b4, 9.Ne1, and 9.Nd2, among others. Typically, White will try to attack on the queenside by preparing the pawn break c4-c5, while Black will attack on the kingside by transferring his knight from f6 to d7 (usually better placed than at e8, as it helps slow White's queenside play with c4-c5), and starting a kingside pawn storm with f7-f5-f4 and g6-g5. 9.b4, introduced by Korchnoi in the 1970s, used to put top players off playing this line, but it has recently been revived by Radjabov.
7.0-0 Nbd7 is the Old Main Line, and is playable, though less common nowadays than 7...Nc6.
7.0-0 exd4 8.Nxd4 is also possible, although White's extra space usually is of greater value than Black's counterplay against White's centre. Made popular in the mid-1990s by the Russian Grandmaster Igor Glek, new ideas were found for White yet some of the best lines for White were later refuted. White still has an advantage in most lines.
8.Bg5 h6 9.Bh4 Qe8 10.Bxf6 Bxf6 11.c5!, which is not totally reliable for Black.
7.d5 is the Petrosian System, so named for the 1963-69 world champion, who often essayed the line in the 1960s, with Vladimir Kramnik playing this variation extensively in the 1990s. The plans for both sides are roughly the same as in the main variation. After 7...a5 White plays 8.Bg5 to pin the knight, making it harder for Black to achieve the f7-f5 break. In the early days of the system, Black would drive the bishop back with ...h6 and ...g5, though players subsequently switched to ideas involving ...Na6, ...Qe8 and ...Bd7, making White's c4-c5 break more difficult, only then playing for kingside activity. Joe Gallagher has recommended the flexible 7...Na6 which has similar ideas to 7...a5.
7...Na6 8.0-0 transposing into the modern.
7...h6!? is a favourite of John Nunn. The main line runs 8.0-0 Ng4 9.Bc1 Nc6 10.d5 Ne7 11.Ne1 f5 12.Bxg4 fxg4. In this subvariation, Black's kingside play is of a different type than normal KID lines, as it lacks the standard pawn breaks, so he will now play g6-g5 and Ng6-f4, often investing material in a piece attack in the f-file against the white king, while White plays for the usual queenside breakthrough with c4-c5.
7...exd4 immediately surrenders the centre, with a view to playing a quick c7-c6 and d6-d5. For example, 8.Nxd4 Re8 9.f3 c6 10.Qd2 (10.Bf2!?) 10...d5 11.exd5 cxd5 12.0-0 Nc6 13.c5 and 13...Rxe3!? (which was first seen in game 11 of the 1990 World Chess Championship between Kasparov and Karpov).
In the Exchange Variation (7.dxe5 dxe5 8.Qxd8 Rxd8), White exchanges queens and is content to play for a small, safe advantage in the relatively quiet positions which will ensue in this queenless middlegame. The line is often played by White players hoping for an early draw, but there is still a lot of play left in the position. White tries to exploit d6 with moves such as b4, c5, Nf3-d2-c4-d6, etc., while Black will play to control the hole on d4. In practice, it is easier to exploit d4, and chances are balanced. If Black is able to play ...Nd4, he will often have at least an equal position, even when this involves the sacrifice of a pawn to eliminate White's dark-squared bishop.
The Sämisch Variation is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f3. It is named after Friedrich Sämisch, who developed the system in the 1920s. This often leads to very sharp play with the players castling on opposite wings and attacking each other's kings, as in the Bagirov-Gufeld game given below, though it may also give rise to heavyweight positional struggles. Black has a variety of pawn breaks, such as ...e5, ...c5 and ...b5 (prepared by ...c6 and/or ...a6). This can transpose to the Modern Benoni after 5...0-0 6.Bg5 c5 7.d5 e6. World champions Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov have all played this variation. This line defends the e4 pawn to create a secure centre and enables White to begin an attack kingside with Be3, Qd2, Bh6, g2-g4 and h2-h4. It allows placement of a bishop on e3 without allowing ...Ng4; however, its drawback is that it deprives the knight on g1 of its most natural square, thus impeding development of the kingside. Black can strike for the centre as previously mentioned or delay with 6...Nc6, 7...a6 and 8...Rb8 so that Black can play ...b7-b5 to open lines on the queenside.
The Sämisch Gambit. Black has sacrificed a pawn for temporary advantages.
The Classical Defence to the Sämisch is 5...0-0 6.Be3 e5, when White has a choice between closing the centre with 7.d5, or maintaining the tension with 7.Nge2. Kasparov was a major proponent of this defence.
The Sämisch Gambit arises after 5...0-0 6.Be3 c5. This is a pawn sacrifice, and was once considered dubious. As Black's play has been worked out, this evaluation has changed, and the gambit now enjoys a good reputation. A practical drawback, however, is that a well-prepared but unambitious White player can often enter lines leading to a forced draw. The line where White accepts the gambit runs 5...0-0 6.Be3 c5 7.dxc5 dxc5 8.Qxd8 (8.e5 Nfd7 9.f4 f6 10.exf6 is also possible here, though less often seen) Rxd8 9.Bxc5 Nc6. Black's activity is believed to give sufficient compensation. White's most frequent play is to decline the gambit, and instead play 7.Nge2, and head for Benoni type positions after a d4-d5 advance.
5...0-0 6.Be3 Nc6 7.Nge2 a6 8.Qd2 Rb8 leads to the Panno Variation of the Sämisch. Black prepares to respond appropriately depending on White's choice of plan. If White plays 0-0-0 and goes for a kingside attack, then 7...a6 prepares ...b7-b5 with a counterattack against White's castled position. If instead White plays more cautiously, then Black challenges White's centre with ...e5.
The Averbakh Variation is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 (named for Yuri Averbakh), which prevents the immediate 6...e5. Black usually repels the bishop with ...h6 giving him the option of a later g5, though in practice this is a weakening move. White has various ways to develop, such as Qd2, Nf3, f4 or even h4. However, Black obtains good play against all of these development schemes. The old main line in this begins with 6...c5, though 6...Nbd7 and 6...Na6 (Judit Polgár's move) are also seen.
The Four Pawns Attack continues with 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Nf3. This is the most aggressive method for White, and was often seen in the 1920s. With his fifth move, White erects a massive centre at the price of falling behind in development. If Black can open the position, White may well find himself overextended. From this 6...c5 is the main line.
9...Bg4 has been a solid line for Black.
9...Re8 can be justified with solid play.
9...b5 is known to lead to sharp, dangerous play.
6...Na6 is known as the Modern Variation. This is a move anticipating playing ...Nc5 with counterplay. Has worked with success of neutral moves made from White, such as 7.Bd3. On the other hand, 7.e5 is the most aggressive plan.
6...Nbd7 with 8...exd4. Black intends to claim the centre with ...e7-e5. 7.Nc3 e5 8.e4 exd4 9.Nxd4 Re8 10.h3 a6. Preparation has been made for 11...Rb8, with ...c7-c5 and ...b7-b5, and sometimes with ...Ne5 first. This is known as the Gallagher Variation of the Fianchetto Variation.
8...c6 and 8...a6 are alternatives.
6...Nc6 7.Nc3 a6 8.d5 Na5. This variation goes against ancient dogma which states that knights are not well placed on the rim; however, extra pressure is brought to bear against the Achilles Heel of the fianchetto lines - the weakness at c4. Hundreds of master games have continued with 9.Nd2 c5 10.Qc2 Rb8 11.b3 b5 12.Bb2 bxc4 13.bxc4 Bh6 14.f4 (14.e3 Bf5 is a trap that numbers Mark Taimanov among its victims; white must now lose material, as he has no good interposition) e5!
Finally, White has other setups, such as Nf3 and h3 and Nge2 (with or without Bd3), but these are currently not as popular at the grandmaster level. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nge2 followed by 6.Ng3 is called the Hungarian Attack.
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Have you ever thought of buying a server, or what the advantage is of having one? Well, there are dozens of examples, but imagine that you are working on a long-term project such as a website with a consistent database that has to run quickly and support high traffic. Renting a VPS with good performance or a dedicated server from a web hosting company would be the best option, but unfortunately is not affordable to everyone as the hosting rates are quite high. Those with a limited budget obviously have to think of alternatives and search for cheaper solutions such as the acquisition of a sun server which can perfectly meet their need for storage space.
Of course, it is recommended to first take a look on the internet for reliable and renowned servers, then make a list of them and compare their specifications and prices. You will certainly find many well known branded models and IBM's rs 6000 is one of them. Ok, after you buy the server needed for the data storage, you might think about setting up a private internet connection or a home wireless network. In general that is done by means of routers. When it comes to networking, folks should know that Cisco is one of world's leading companies in the field. It has dominated the networking market in recent years and people rated their hardware as excellent. You can easily check out a large variety of used cisco equipment and select what suits you best. Paying attention to the installation and configuration of the networking equipment are important aspects in achieving a high rate of data transmission and reception.
Usually pre-owned and refurbished network components can significantly reduce the cost of your business as the prices can be up to 90% cheaper than the normal retail price. Therefore if you look for warranty-covered equipment whose delivery is safe and fast, then visit the site of one of these committed distributors.
When it comes to a successful business, the main rule is to create and maintain a close relationship with current and prospective customers. In order to do so, there is needed a more efficient management system which aims at dealing with the overwhelming number of client requests as well as the specific demands of each individual. Such a customer management system primarily copes with the flow of customers and their experiences, from their initial contact with your company to the delivery of the service they purchased. Additionally, feedback and opinions people provide after receiving the requested services are also analyzed.
Management software programs can help increase productivity and sales of your venture as well as reduces costs by ensuring that every customer will be directed to the right place at the right time and will be served by the most appropriate operator. Furthermore, customer and staff satisfaction are enhanced by minimizing real waiting time as well as the expected waiting times. The software can also generate data about the behavior of the clients, including the way they are treated by staff.
Hence, it is easily concluded that the support team can enjoy important benefits such as saving plenty of time required to provide support by email or other means, maintaining strict control of resources and finance, tracking the evolution of the project (time, cost, completion).
A scrum software is thought to be a powerful tool to help both project managers and teams to make consistent project plans, allocate resources and analyze workload, track project progress, estimate and manage costs.
Preliminary software application testing are a prerequisite in unveiling the effectiveness and productivity of any business development process.
Setting up a business can sometimes be a true challenge as it requires a lot of planning and budgeting. In a competitive world racked by a financial crisis, it is hard to make a space for yourself, therefore one needs to prepare careful plans and manage meticulously the cost for each step.
Any business big or small, is likely to face tough times in the first few months, however if things go smoothly, the success can only be in perspective. Everyone should know that a business is nearly impossible to start without marketing, and the sourcing has a very important role in further development. Even if you have a shop full of quality products, often people do not easily notice that, therefore you have to go the extra mile to attract their attention. A large advertising campaign relies on organizing promotional stands and filling the market with commercials, but when the budget is low, your business promotion campaign should be well planned so that not a single penny goes to waste.
There are various ways to promote a business at low cost. In order to better define a product and give a unique character to your store, one of the best options is to go for banners and posters, and there are More ideas here. What should you know? Banners and posters show very effectively when they feature an elegant design which is very easy to notice and remember, in consequence, the graphics must be extremely eye-catching, in order to maximize the visibility.
Before finalizing the poster printing you need to take into account some basic key factors such as the exposure mode, colors used, resolution and size. You also have to keep in mind that posters possess a wide range of penetration and they should be distributed in the target areas with highest population density which ensures that your message is basically viewed by most passers-by. For example, the outdoor posters have the ability to attract and retain the attention of a large audience. Virtually all people in a city or those in transit may come into contact with the message delivered by a promotional poster. The external display is a powerful and incisive media channel, able to create quick visibility and help strengthen your brand. Furthermore the best connection is made when you distribute and advertise your products in the proximity of sale points.
Last but not least, the online creation of an advertising product requires relatively low effort and poster printing is cheaper compared to other media venues.
U.S. mobile carrier Verizon Communications said it has no intention to merge or take, alone or in combination, the British group Vodafone, after Financial Times wrote, citing various sources, that Verizon and AT & T are working on a bid for the British telecom operator.
Verizon however remains interested in the 45% holding owned by Vodafone in the joint venture Verizon Wireless, the largest U.S. mobile operator, says CNBC.
Thus the company's statement rejects an article published on the blog Financial Times, in which unidentified sources claimed that the main rivals in the U.S., Verizon and AT&T are currently working on making an offer for Vodafone. According to the allegations, Verizon would allegedly take over the U.S. assets of the British group while AT&T any other operation. Vodafone Group is valued at 245 billion dollars.
"Any other option unless a fusion is not acceptable for Vodafone, which considers the wireless segment of the U.S. telecom market more attractive than the European one," said Robin Bienenstock, analyst at Bernstein.
Speculation about a possible transaction between Verizon and Vodafone have intensified since January, as the British group examines possible options for its U.S. assets, which represent about 75% of its value.
According to analysts, the 45% stake held by Vodafone in Verizon Wireless is estimated at about 115 billion dollars.
1. How does a sinkhole take shape? "Cover-collapse" sinkholes emerge when groundwater leads to underground cavities and voids that grow so large the ground above can’t sustain itself. Therefore these holes can feature tremendous sizes enough to swallow a street, home, a field or a swimming pool.
2. What extra types of sinkholes? There are 2 other different kind: "solution" and "subsidence" sinkholes, which emerge due to changes to the topography that happens slowly over time without devastating outcome.
3. Which states have sinkholes? The entire Florida is exposed to sinkholes because of sitting on top of a layer of limestone rock known as karst, which is easily dissolved by acidic groundwater.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) claims that other vulnerable states include Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, Texas, Kentucky and Pennsylvania.
4. Are sinkholes something usual? Hurricanes and quakes are tracked but sinkholes are not.
5. Can people cause sinkholes? The answer is yes. Human activities such as drilling for a well or mining, which lower water levels underground, can trigger sinkholes.
A giant sinkhole reported in Guatemala was created in 2010 most likely by human actions.
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Since 2016, a famine has been ongoing in Yemen which started during the Yemeni Civil War. Over 17 million of Yemen's population are at risk; over 3.3 million children and pregnant or lactating women suffer from acute malnutrition. Over 100,000 of the affected children are in Al Hudaydah Governorate, with the city of Al Hudaydah worst affected area of the province. According to the Norwegian Refugee Council, the famine in Yemen will soon reach "biblical proportions". The famine is being compounded by an outbreak of cholera, which is resulting in 5,000 new cases daily. Devastation of Yemeni infrastructure, health, water and sanitation systems and facilities by Saudi-led coalition air strikes led to the spread of cholera. UNICEF says that Saudi-led coalition airstrikes are deliberately targeting water systems in Yemen.
After 5 November 2017, the famine in Yemen worsened because the Saudis, with the help of the United States, tightened their sea, air and land blockade. According to the manager of Al Hudaydah port, which is under the control of the Houthis, medicine and food cannot go to Al-Hudaydah, since Saudi-led airstrikes ruined the port's industrial cranes in August 2015. On 23 November, the blockade was allegedly partially but not fully lifted, and some humanitarian supplies were allowed into the country. However, the threat of the famine remains severe, and later independent sources denied the easing of blockade.
In October 2018, the United Nations warned that 13 million people face starvation in what could be "the worst famine in the world in 100 years." The following month, a report by Save the Children estimated that 85,000 children under the age of five have died from starvation. The famine has been compared by some commentators to the holodomor in Soviet Ukraine.
The famine is the direct result of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and blockade. Yemen was already the most impoverished nation in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, and Al Hudaydah one of the poorest cities of Yemen, but the war and the naval blockade by the Saudi-led coalition and the United States Navy made the situation much worse. Fishing boats, the main livelihood of Al Hudaydah's residents, were destroyed by Saudi airstrikes, leaving them without any means to provide for their families. As a result, one child dies every ten minutes on average. A UN panel of experts found that Saudi Arabia is purposefully obstructing the delivery of humanitarian aid into Yemen.
Saudi Arabia was reported to be deliberately targeting means of food production and distribution in Yemen by bombing farms, fishing boats, ports, food storages, food factories, and other businesses in order to exacerbate famine. These actions led to the UN accusing the Saudi-led coalition of committing war crimes and having a "complete disregard for human life". 1,500 schools were damaged and destroyed during Yemeni Civil War. After Saudi-backed Hadi's forces retook Mocha from Houthis they barred fishermen from working. The Union of Yemeni fishermen accused the coalition of waging war against fishermen.
U.S. Senator Chris Murphy accused the United States of complicity in Yemen's humanitarian crisis, saying: "Thousands and thousands inside Yemen today are dying. ... This horror is caused in part by our decision to facilitate a bombing campaign that is murdering children and to endorse a Saudi strategy inside Yemen that is deliberately using disease and starvation and the withdrawal of humanitarian support as a tactic."
The world’s worst since North Korea in the 1990s and the one in which Western responsibility is clearest... Britain has sold at least £4.5 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia and £500 million to the UAE since the war began. The US role is even bigger: Trump authorised arms sales to the Saudis worth $110 billion last May. Yemen will be the defining famine crime of this generation, perhaps this century.
Doctors Without Borders (MSF) has been assisting victims of the famine and the cholera outbreak, as well as providing mental health assistance to those who have been affected by the war.
Houthi rebels have been accused of unlawfully confiscating food and medicine from civilians under their control by organizations including Human Rights Watch (HRW), MSF, and the World Food Programme (WFP), with a WFP survey finding that food aid was not reaching the majority of those eligible to receive it in Houthi–held Sanaʽa and Saada.
Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi's decision to relocate the Central Bank of Yemen to Aden in September 2016, was reported have exasperated the living conditions of the population. The move "was aimed primarily at disabling the Houthi-Saleh administered bureaucracy based in Sana’a. Instead, it provoked a severe liquidity crisis that has fueled famine, as somewhere between 8.5 million and 10 million Yemenis rely on public sector salaries that have been unpaid for more than a year."
Sana'a Centre for Strategical Studies recorded that the banking crisis in fact began in early 2010 when American banks began closing the accounts of Yemeni banks, and with the start of the conflict in 2011, as Yemen came under UN Chapter 7 jurisdiction. "Large European and American banks ceased to interact with Yemeni banks completely. Yemeni banks became both unable to honor customer requests to withdraw cash – leading to further hoarding outside the banking system – and had no domestic currency to deposit at the Central Bank of Yemen. These multiple, interrelated and mutually reinforcing factors helped instigate a severe public sector cash liquidity crisis in mid-2016."
On 11 December 2017, Jamie McGoldrick, the UN's humanitarian coordinator for Yemen, affirmed that 8 million in the country are in danger of famine unless access to immediate humanitarian is allowed.
On 13 December 2017, USAID administrator, Mark Andrew Green, stated that there are no signs that blockade had been in any way eased and Yemeni ports are still fully blocked.
Since 5 November 2017, the Saudi-led coalition began blocking all fuel shipments to Yemen, causing farmers to abandon modern equipment like tractors and forcing hospitals to function without generators.
According to The Economist, another major cause of the famine is the popularity of the cultivation and consumption of khat, which requires a significant amount of water to grow in addition to being the most popular drug in Yemen. Khat cultivation is monopolised by the Houthi rebels. More than 50,000 children in Yemen died from starvation during 2017.
In July 2018, a 25% increase of severe hunger cases in Yemen compared to 2017 has been reported.
In a September 2018 column in The New York Times, Nicholas Kristof stated that the United States is supporting crimes against humanity in Yemen, adding that "America is helping to kill, maim and starve Yemeni children. At least eight million Yemenis are at risk of starvation from an approaching famine caused not by crop failures but by our actions and those of our allies. The United Nations has called it the world's worst humanitarian crisis, and we own it."
In October 2018, World Peace Foundation released a report documenting systematic targeting and destruction of food production and distribution infrastructure in Yemen by the Saudi-led coalition.
On 31 October 2018, the United States and the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia's biggest arm suppliers, called for a ceasefire in the conflict in Yemen. A press release from the United States Secretary of State, Michael Pompeo, stated "A cessation of hostilities and vigorous resumption of a political track will help ease the humanitarian crisis as well. It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction." On November 10, 2018, the U.S. announced it would no longer refuel coalition aircraft operating over Yemen. The U.S. continues its backing of the Saudi-led intervention with weapons sales and intelligence sharing.
In November 2018, according to the New York Times report, 1.8 million children in Yemen are extremely subject to malnutrition.
^ a b "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says". Associated Press.
^ a b "More than 50,000 Yemeni children are now expected to die by the end of 2017". The Independent. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ a b "50,000 children dead: UK-US-Saudi war on Yemen enters horrific new stage -- Sott.net". Sott.net.
^ a b Patrick Wintour (16 November 2017). "Saudis must lift Yemen blockade or 'untold' thousands will die, UN agencies warn". The Guardian.
^ "Parents are being forced to watch their children starve to death in Yemen". The Independent.
^ "UNICEF: One child dies every 10 minutes in Yemen". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ a b "US involvement in the Yemen war just got deeper". Public Radio International. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
^ a b c "The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; agencies (4 October 2016). "Yemen famine feared as starving children fight for lives in hospital". The Guardian.
^ "For those of us living in Yemen, life is unbearable".
^ "Yemen on brink of famine, warns UN food relief agency chief, appealing for resources and access". UN News Center. 13 March 2017.
^ "Yemen conflict: A devastating toll for children". UNICEF.
^ a b Ahmed Al-Haj (16 September 2016). "Ravaged by conflict, Yemen's coast faces rising malnutrition". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
^ "Famine of 'Biblical Proportions' Descending Upon Yemen; Child Dying Every 10 Minutes". Christian Post. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ "Yemen faces world's worst cholera outbreak - UN". BBC News. 25 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^ "Thousands in Yemen get sick in an entirely preventable cholera outbreak".
^ "U.S. Support "Vital" to Saudi Bombing of Yemen, Targeting Food Supplies as Millions Face Famine". Democracy Now!.
^ Kennedy, Jonathan (2 August 2017). "Blame the Saudis for Yemen's cholera outbreak – they are targeting the people". The Guardian.
^ "Access to water continues to be jeopardized for millions of children in war-torn Yemen". UNICEF.
^ Kristof, Nicholas (7 December 2018). "Your Tax Dollars Help Starve Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
^ "'Catastrophic' Saudi Blockade on Yemen Could Starve Millions". Time. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ Dewan, Angela. "Saudi blockade pushing Yemen to 'worst famine in decades'". CNN. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ "'Catastrophic' Yemen crisis grows as blockade cuts Red Cross and UN aid". ABC. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ "Famine survey warns of thousands dying daily in Yemen if ports stay closed". 21 November 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017 – via Reuters.
^ "Saudi Arabia is using famine as a weapon of war - Opinion". Newsweek. 28 November 2017.
^ Yemen Is Still Being Starved to Death theamericanconservative.com Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ Erickson, Amanda (1 December 2017). "Saudi Arabia lifted its blockade of Yemen. It's not nearly enough to prevent a famine". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ "Yemen could be 'worst famine in 100 years'". BBC News=. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
^ McKernan, Bethan (21 November 2018). "Yemen: up to 85,000 young children dead from starvation". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
^ Tarar, Urooj (10 November 2017). "Is Yemen Saudi Arabia's Ukraine?". Daily Pakistan. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
^ Harwood, Anthony (28 November 2017). "Saudi Arabia is using famine as a weapon of war". Newsweek. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
^ "Saudi de facto blockade starves Yemen of food and medicine". Reuters. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ "Yemen under de facto blockade". Reuters. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017). "The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See". New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ McKernan, Bethan (7 November 2018). "Battle rages in Yemen's vital port as showdown looms". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2018. The port has been blockaded by the Saudi-led coalition for the past three years, a decision aid organisations say has been the main contributing factor to the famine that threatens to engulf half of Yemen’s 28 million population.
^ Felipe Bueno (6 February 2017). "Food Crisis in Conflict-Ridden Yemen Borders on Famine". The Diplomatic Envoy. South Orange, New Jersey: School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University.
^ Stephen Snyder (14 October 2016). "US involvement in the Yemen war just got deeper". The World. PRI.
^ "Bombing of schools by Saudi Arabia-led coalition a flagrant attack on future of Yemen's children". Amnesty International.
^ "Yemen". Doctors Without Borders - USA.
^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Ahmad Algohbary (8 February 2017). "Yemen's food crisis: 'We die either from the bombing or the hunger'". The Guardian.
^ "UNICEF: One child dies every 10 minutes in Yemen". Al Jazeera. 12 December 2016.
^ "Saudi-led coalition threatens Yemen by blocking aid -U.N. report". Reuters.
^ "U.S. Fingerprints on Attacks Obliterating Yemen's Economy". New York Times. 14 November 2016.
^ MENAFN. "Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ "Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'". The Independent. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Over 100 civilians killed in a month, including fishermen, refugees, as Yemen conflict reaches two-year mark". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Saudi-led coalition strikes Yemeni port, civilians at risk". Reuters. 10 February 2017.
^ "Air strikes kill at least 16 civilians in Yemen's Hodeidah: medics, residents". Reuters.
^ "In Yemen, 34 killed in bottling factory bombing". CNN.
^ a b "Bombing Businesses - Saudi Coalition Airstrikes on Yemen's Civilian Economic Structures". Human Rights Watch. 11 July 2016.
^ "Saudi-led air strikes in Yemen killed 68 civilians in one day, UN says". The Independent. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "The UN just accused Saudi Arabia led coalition of war crimes". The Independent. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Death toll from Saudi airstrike on Yemeni wedding rises to 88: report". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Yemen Devastated by Saudi-Influenced Famine". Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain. 24 January 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Huge spike in Yemen violence as civilian deaths rise by 164% in four months". The Guardian.
^ Craig, Iona (12 December 2017). "Bombed into famine: how Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". The Guardian.
^ "Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry'". The Independent. 23 October 2016.
^ Craig, Iona (12 December 2017). "Bombed into famine: how Saudi air campaign targets Yemen's food supplies". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ "Congress Votes to Say It Hasn’t Authorized War in Yemen, Yet War in Yemen Goes On". The Intercept. 14 November 2017.
^ "Yemen". Doctors Without Borders - USA. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
^ "Yemen: Houthis Block Vital Goods into Taizz". Human Rights Watch. 31 January 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ "UN threatens to suspend aid to Yemen amid theft by Houthi rebels". The Daily Telegraph. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
^ MERIP. 30 January 2018. "Yemen Dispatch". Middle East Research and Information Project website.
^ Sana'a Centre. 4 June 2017. "Addressing Yemen’s Most Critical Challenges: Practical Short-Term Recommendations". Sana'a Centre for Strategical Studies website.
^ Al Jazeera News. (11 December 2017). "More than 8 million 'a step away' from famine in Yemen". Al Jazeera website Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^ United Nations. (11 December 2017). "UN aid official in Yemen urges lifting of blockade, says millions a ‘step away from famine’". UN News Centre website Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^ "U.S. aid chief says no sign Yemen port blockade easing to allow aid in". Reuters. 12 December 2017.
^ "US aid chief says no sign Yemen port blockade easing to allow aid in". www.worldnews.easybranches.com. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
^ "Exclusive: Saudi-led blockade cuts fuel lifeline to Yemen". Reuters. 6 December 2017.
^ "17 million in Yemen need food - now hospitals and water pumps will run out of fuel in three weeks". AFP.
^ Kanso, Heba. "Yemen close to famine after port offensive, aid groups warn". Reuters.
^ Kristof, Nicholas (26 September 2018). "Be Outraged by America's Role in Yemen's Misery". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
^ "A new report by Martha Mundy – World Peace Foundation".
^ "Ending the Conflict in Yemen". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
^ "U.N.: A Yemeni Child Dies Every 10 Min. from War-Caused Disease, Hunger". DemocracyNow!. 5 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH),3 although rare, was also a diagnostic consideration, as it can present with hepatosplenomegaly, coagulopathy, and pancytopenia, which were seen in this patient. However, the patient's pancytopenia resolved and the patient lacked additional features of HLH such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperferritinemia.
Given the patient's presentation of hepatosplenomegaly, hypoglycemia, and increased lactate and ammonia, an inborn error of metabolism was also part of the initial differential diagnosis. To screen broadly for metabolic disorders, plasma amino acids, urine organic acids, and plasma acylcarnitines were ordered stat while newborn screen results were pending. The clinical team was then called by the laboratory regarding the urine organic acid screen results and informed that although the overall urine organic acid profile was unremarkable, they noted a significant additional peak that identified as vanillylmandellic acid (VMA), and recommended quantification by a more specific method if clinically indicated. VMA and homovanillic acid (HVA) are catecholamine metabolites that are increased in patients with catecholamine-secreting tumors such as neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and other tumors of neural crest origin. Given the lack of a mass on imaging studies of this patient, a malignant process was not high on the differential. Despite this, the team proceeded with the recommendation to specifically quantify HVA and VMA given the lack of a diagnosis in this patient at the time. Specific quantification demonstrated substantial increases in both urine VMA (430 mg/g creatinine, reference interval, 0–32.8 mg/g creatinine) and HVA (432.5 mg/g creatinine, reference interval, 0–17.6 mg/g creatinine).
What is in the differential diagnosis for a newborn with hepatomegaly?
Taken together with the patient's clinical presentation, what diagnosis do the HVA and VMA results suggest?
What additional tests or procedures are needed to establish the diagnosis in this patient?
Neuroblastoma is a developmental tumor presenting in young children that originates from immature sympathetic ganglion cells, with the capacity to synthesize and secrete catecholamines (1). As the most common cancer in infants less than 1-year-old, about 700 new cases of neuroblastoma are reported each year in the US, with an average age of diagnosis around 1–2 years of age (www.cancer.org, 2015). Neuroblastoma, an extracranial cancer, can arise anywhere throughout the sympathetic nervous system, with the adrenal glands and abdomen/retroperitoneum being the most common primary sites of origin (2). In this patient with a distended abdomen, a primary tumor was never identified despite repeated imaging studies–the only initial evidence hinting at the potential for neuroblastoma was the increase in catecholamine metabolites HVA and VMA in urine. Thus, neuroblastoma became part of the differential and a subsequent ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination of the liver biopsy demonstrated metastatic neuroblastoma with approximately 75% of the liver parenchyma involved. It is estimated that only 1% of neuroblastoma cases have an unknown primary tumor site (3).
In neuroblastoma, neural crest cells forming the tumor mass express enzymes responsible for catecholamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) metabolism. Relevant catabolic products include HVA derived from dopamine and VMA derived from norepinephrine. Both HVA and VMA can be detected in urine in increased amounts in neuroblastoma patients. Although standard practice recommends measurement of these metabolites in 24-h urine collections, studies have demonstrated that measurement from single random urine samples provides equivalent results, and thus the challenges of obtaining 24-h collections from children can be avoided (4). As biomarkers for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma, HVA, and VMA together have a high diagnostic specificity, ranging from 96% to >99% (4). The diagnostic sensitivity of these markers is more variable (66%–100%), with lower sensitivities in part attributed to patients with early stage disease and lower catecholamine-producing tumor burden leading to an increase in false negatives (4).
Although urine catecholamines are increased in >90% of neuroblastomas, diagnostic criteria ultimately require histopathologic confirmation of tumor (1). Specifically, international criteria for diagnosis of neuroblastoma require either: a) unequivocal histologic evidence from tumor tissue with or without immunohistology, electron microscopy, or increased catecholamines or metabolites; or b) unequivocal histologic evidence from bone marrow and increases in catecholamines or their metabolites (5). Following diagnosis, CT and/or MRI scans, bilateral bone marrow aspirates, and biopsies are recommended for assessment of the primary tumor and potential metastases. Additionally, because metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) selectively concentrates in >90% of neuroblastomas, MIBG scintigraphy is also required for staging (6). Currently there are 2 published consensus staging systems for neuroblastoma patients: the more widely used INSS (International Neuroblastoma Staging System) provides postsurgical staging guidelines, whereas the INRG (International Neuroblastoma Risk Group) staging system classifies neuroblastoma patients before treatment or surgery (see Tables 1 and 2) (5, 7). Once disease stage is established, additional biological and clinical variables such as patient age, tumor histology and ploidy, and genetic abnormalities [most notably MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) amplification] are used for further risk stratification (6).
The main clinical presentation in this patient on admission was hepatomegaly. Hepatomegaly has a broad differential, with causative disorders falling into 1 of 5 primary categories: inflammation, inappropriate storage, infiltration, vascular congestion, or biliary obstruction (8). Common causes in neonates are biliary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure, drugs, maternal diabetes, malnutrition, metabolic disorders, parenteral nutrition, pseudohepatomegaly, sepsis, storage diseases, viral hepatitis, and TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) infections (8). In this case, primary consideration was given to sepsis, TORCH infections, and metabolic disorders. Ultimately, liver biopsy led to the diagnosis of an uncommon cause of hepatomegaly in a neonate–infiltration secondary to metastatic neuroblastoma. Clinical presentation in patients with neuroblastoma is highly variable but will generally fall into 1 of 3 clinical categories based on disease stage: localized tumors, metastatic disease, and 4S disease (6). Stage 4S typically has a favorable prognosis and is unique amongst metastatic tumors in that it will often spontaneously regress without therapy (6). However, infants <2 months old with stage 4S disease will often present with frank hepatomegaly secondary to rapidly progressive infiltration of the liver with neuroblastoma leading to respiratory compromise, renal dysfunction and coagulopathy (6, 9). Therefore, in this patient, although a primary tumor was never identified, it was felt the patient was best classified as stage 4S due to age, hepatomegaly secondary to metastatic neuroblastoma, and no evidence of metastases in other organs.
In this diagnostically challenging patient, the presence of increased VMA was initially noted on a urine organic acid screen, and a subsequent specific quantitative measurement recommended by the laboratory for both VMA and HVA was essential for alerting clinicians to the possibility of neuroblastoma. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma was ultimately confirmed due to the subsequent liver biopsy demonstrating extensive involvement by metastatic neuroblastoma with favorable histology and nonamplification of MYCN, and the patient was categorized as stage 4S as described previously. At the time of diagnosis, the patient was unstable and critically ill, intubated and sedated secondary to respiratory failure, with renal dysfunction, hepatic failure, and coagulopathy. Given the critical state of the patient, further staging (MIBG scan, bilateral bone marrow aspirates, and biopsies) was deferred to allow for immediate treatment of the neuroblastoma. Since there was concern that chemotherapy could worsen the patient's liver function, radiation therapy was initiated first to reduce disease burden and then chemotherapy with etoposide, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin was started shortly thereafter. While undergoing treatment, the patient's clinical course was complicated by acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, tumor lysis syndrome, worsening coagulopathy, bone marrow suppression secondary to chemotherapy, ascites, and urinary tract infection over the subsequent 3 months. Despite the difficult clinical course, measurements of urinary HVA and VMA decreased to 10.5 mg/g creatinine (reference: 0–32.8 mg/g creatinine) and 39.8 mg/g creatinine (reference: 0–17.6 mg/g creatinine), respectively, indicating a good response to radiation and chemotherapy. A second liver biopsy 3 months after diagnosis confirmed treatment efficacy, with the volume of neuroblastic cells reduced to only 2%–5% of the liver parenchyma. Additionally, a staging bone marrow biopsy demonstrated no evidence of neuroblastoma, and a MIBG scan showed no evidence of neuroblastoma outside the liver. At 5 months of age, the patient was stable enough for transfer to another care facility closer to home.
Neuroblastoma is a tumor derived from neural crest cells which synthesize and metabolize catecholamines. Specifically, dopamine is catabolized to HVA and norepinephrine to VMA, and these metabolites are increased in most patients with neuroblastoma.
Although increased VMA and/or HVA aids in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma, diagnosis is ultimately established based on histologic evidence from bone marrow biopsy or tumor tissue.
Risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients is dependent on stage, patient age, tumor histology and ploidy, and genetic abnormalities, most notably MYCN amplification.
Hepatomegaly in a neonate has a broad differential and common causes include biliary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure, drugs, maternal diabetes, malnutrition, metabolic disorders, parenteral nutrition, pseudohepatomegaly, sepsis, storage diseases, viral hepatitis, and TORCH infections.
Stage 4S is a unique metastatic malignancy, with most patients typically having spontaneous regression without therapy despite dissemination to skin, liver and/or bone marrow. However, as in this case, stage 4S patients younger than 2 months of age will often present with massive hepatomegaly leading to respiratory compromise, renal dysfunction, and coagulopathy secondary to hepatic failure, and will require treatment to reduce disease burden in the liver.
Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus.
Received for publication October 22, 2015.
Accepted for publication December 10, 2015.
. Neonatal neuroblastoma. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;17:207–15.
. Clinical, biologic, and prognostic differences on the basis of primary tumor site in neuroblastoma: a report from the international neuroblastoma risk group project. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3169–76.
. Neuroblastoma of unknown primary site with periorbital bone metastasis in a child. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:361–3.
. Urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma: report from the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem 2014;47:848–52.
. Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1466–77.
. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) staging system: an INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:298–303.
. Hepatomegaly in neonates and children. Pediatr Rev 2000;21:303–10.
. A sequential treatment algorithm for infants with stage 4S neuroblastoma and massive hepatomegaly. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:182–4.
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Should all desicions that affect society be decided by direct democracy?
I support this action because I think that all important decisions, should be decided by direct democracy since we live in this country and we are the country. If you did not know, direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. On the other hand, indirect democracy is when someone makes a decision on someone else’s account. Furthermore, the government have been taking too long with Brexit. The original date for Brexit to take place was 29th March 2019. However, Parliament has delayed this for too long now.
In addition to this, Brexit negotiations began on 29 March 2017 when the United Kingdom served the withdrawal notice under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. This started a two-year negotiation period. Still, Britain’s PM- Theresa May has not been able to negotiate on a deal. This means Britain has a very big chance not to have a deal and end up with a 'no deal Brexit'. Desperate, Theresa May has told MPs that if they vote for her next deal, she will stand down after Brexit.
Although MPs have been chosen to represent their location, it would be much fairer if the citizens of a country/location can decide what goes on there, after all, it would affect them the most! An example of direct democracy from Brexit could potentially be the referendum held in 2016, to decide if Britain should leave the European Union or not. Also, another example of direct democracy, globally, is when Switzerland had held a referendum, for workers holidays to be risen from four weeks to six. However, 67% of people had voted against; they thought it would affect business’.Moreover, an example of indirect democracy from brexit is happening now; when the MPs are deciding on deals, on our account, I believe instead of them deciding what we want let us do it ourselves!
So if we agree or disagree we all should respect others opinions and thoughts this would link to brexit because ,In my opinion, Theresa May is not taking our opinions into account! Furthermore, she has tried to convince the MPs, in parliment, to say yes on the deals she has made, but if she lets the people of the UK decide and vote on the deals she may get herself promoted worldwide and people may start to like what she is doing.
To conclude, I think that all desicions that affect society, which are most desicions, should be decide by direct democracy and that people should get a say on important decisions. Moreover, our basic human rights quote that we can have our say and that people should take it seriously. This is why I urge our Prime Minister to let the citizens of our country to decide because she is taking too long now.
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The h-index is defined as the maximum value of h such that the given author/journal has published h papers that have each been cited at least h times. The index is designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications. The index works properly only for comparing scientists working in the same field; citation conventions differ widely among different fields.
Formally, if f is the function that corresponds to the number of citations for each publication, we compute the h index as follows. First we order the values of f from the largest to the lowest value. Then, we look for the last position in which f is greater than or equal to the position (we call h this position). For example, if we have a researcher with 5 publications A, B, C, D, and E with 10, 8, 5, 4, and 3 citations, respectively, the h index is equal to 4 because the 4th publication has 4 citations and the 5th has only 3. In contrast, if the same publications have 25, 8, 5, 3, and 3 citations, then the index is 3 because the fourth paper has only 3 citations.
The Hirsch index is analogous to the Eddington number, an earlier metric used for evaluating cyclists. The h-index serves as an alternative to more traditional journal impact factor metrics in the evaluation of the impact of the work of a particular researcher. Because only the most highly cited articles contribute to the h-index, its determination is a simpler process. Hirsch has demonstrated that h has high predictive value for whether a scientist has won honors like National Academy membership or the Nobel Prize. The h-index grows as citations accumulate and thus it depends on the "academic age" of a researcher.
The h-index can be manually determined using citation databases or using automatic tools. Subscription-based databases such as Scopus and the Web of Science provide automated calculators. Harzing's Publish or Perish program calculates the h-index based on Google Scholar entries. From July 2011 Google have provided an automatically-calculated h-index and i10-index within their own Google Scholar profile. In addition, specific databases, such as the INSPIRE-HEP database can automatically calculate the h-index for researchers working in high energy physics.
Each database is likely to produce a different h for the same scholar, because of different coverage. A detailed study showed that the Web of Science has strong coverage of journal publications, but poor coverage of high impact conferences. Scopus has better coverage of conferences, but poor coverage of publications prior to 1996; Google Scholar has the best coverage of conferences and most journals (though not all), but like Scopus has limited coverage of pre-1990 publications. The exclusion of conference proceedings papers is a particular problem for scholars in computer science, where conference proceedings are considered an important part of the literature. Google Scholar has been criticized for producing "phantom citations," including gray literature in its citation counts, and failing to follow the rules of Boolean logic when combining search terms. For example, the Meho and Yang study found that Google Scholar identified 53% more citations than Web of Science and Scopus combined, but noted that because most of the additional citations reported by Google Scholar were from low-impact journals or conference proceedings, they did not significantly alter the relative ranking of the individuals. It has been suggested that in order to deal with the sometimes wide variation in h for a single academic measured across the possible citation databases, one should assume false negatives in the databases are more problematic than false positives and take the maximum h measured for an academic.
Little systematic investigation has been done on how the h-index behaves over different institutions, nations, times and academic fields. Hirsch suggested that, for physicists, a value for h of about 12 might be typical for advancement to tenure (associate professor) at major [US] research universities. A value of about 18 could mean a full professorship, 15–20 could mean a fellowship in the American Physical Society, and 45 or higher could mean membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences. Hirsch estimated that after 20 years a "successful scientist" would have an h-index of 20, an "outstanding scientist" would have an h-index of 40, and a "truly unique" individual would have an h-index of 60.
For the most highly cited scientists in the period 1983–2002, Hirsch identified the top 10 in the life sciences (in order of decreasing h): Solomon H. Snyder, h = 191; David Baltimore, h = 160; Robert C. Gallo, h = 154; Pierre Chambon, h = 153; Bert Vogelstein, h = 151; Salvador Moncada, h = 143; Charles A. Dinarello, h = 138; Tadamitsu Kishimoto, h = 134; Ronald M. Evans, h = 127; and Axel Ullrich, h = 120. Among 36 new inductees in the National Academy of Sciences in biological and biomedical sciences in 2005, the median h-index was 57. However, Hirsch noted that values of h will vary between different fields.
Among the 22 scientific disciplines listed in the Thomson Reuters Essential Science Indicators Citation Thresholds [thus excluding non-science academics], physics has the second most citations after space science. During the period January 1, 2000 – February 28, 2010, a physicist had to receive 2073 citations to be among the most cited 1% of physicists in the world. The threshold for space science is the highest (2236 citations), and physics is followed by clinical medicine (1390) and molecular biology & genetics (1229). Most disciplines, such as environment/ecology (390), have fewer scientists, fewer papers, and fewer citations. Therefore, these disciplines have lower citation thresholds in the Essential Science Indicators, with the lowest citation thresholds observed in social sciences (154), computer science (149), and multidisciplinary sciences (147).
Numbers are very different in social science disciplines: The Impact of the Social Sciences team at London School of Economics found that social scientists in the United Kingdom had lower average h-indices. The h-indices for ("full") professors, based on Google Scholar data ranged from 2.8 (in law), through 3.4 (in political science), 3.7 (in sociology), 6.5 (in geography) and 7.6 (in economics). On average across the disciplines, a professor in the social sciences had an h-index about twice that of a lecturer or a senior lecturer, though the difference was the smallest in geography.
Hirsch intended the h-index to address the main disadvantages of other bibliometric indicators, such as total number of papers or total number of citations. Total number of papers does not account for the quality of scientific publications, while total number of citations can be disproportionately affected by participation in a single publication of major influence (for instance, methodological papers proposing successful new techniques, methods or approximations, which can generate a large number of citations), or having many publications with few citations each. The h-index is intended to measure simultaneously the quality and quantity of scientific output.
There are a number of situations in which h may provide misleading information about a scientist's output: Most of these however are not exclusive to the h-index.
The h-index does not account for the typical number of citations in different fields. It has been stated that citation behavior in general is affected by field-dependent factors, which may invalidate comparisons not only across disciplines but even within different fields of research of one discipline.
The h-index discards the information contained in author placement in the authors' list, which in some scientific fields is significant.
The h-index has been found in one study to have slightly less predictive accuracy and precision than the simpler measure of mean citations per paper. However, this finding was contradicted by another study by Hirsch.
The h-index is a natural number that reduces its discriminatory power. Ruane and Tol therefore propose a rational h-index that interpolates between h and h + 1.
The h-index can be manipulated through self-citations, and if based on Google Scholar output, then even computer-generated documents can be used for that purpose, e.g. using SCIgen.
, where N is the total number of citations, which, for mathematics members of the National Academy of Sciences, turns out to provide an accurate (with errors typically within 10–20 percent) approximation of h-index in most cases.
Various proposals to modify the h-index in order to emphasize different features have been made. As the variants have proliferated, comparative studies have become possible showing that most proposals are highly correlated with the original h-index and therefore largely redundant, although alternative indexes may be important to decide between comparable CVs, as often the case in evaluation processes.
papers. It was found that the distribution of the h-index, although it depends on the field, can be normalized by a simple rescaling factor. For example, assuming as standard the hs for biology, the distribution of h for mathematics collapse with it if this h is multiplied by three, that is, a mathematician with h = 3 is equivalent to a biologist with h = 9. This method has not been readily adopted, perhaps because of its complexity. It might be simpler to divide citation counts by the number of authors before ordering the papers and obtaining the h-index, as originally suggested by Hirsch.
The m-index is defined as h/n, where n is the number of years since the first published paper of the scientist; also called m-quotient.
There are a number of models proposed to incorporate the relative contribution of each author to a paper, for instance by accounting for the rank in the sequence of authors.
A generalization of the h-index and some other indices that gives additional information about the shape of the author's citation function (heavy-tailed, flat/peaked, etc.) has been proposed.
A successive Hirsch-type-index for institutions has also been devised. A scientific institution has a successive Hirsch-type-index of i when at least i researchers from that institution have an h-index of at least i.
Three additional metrics have been proposed: h2 lower, h2 center, and h2 upper, to give a more accurate representation of the distribution shape. The three h2 metrics measure the relative area within a scientist's citation distribution in the low impact area, h2 lower, the area captured by the h-index, h2 center, and the area from publications with the highest visibility, h2 upper. Scientists with high h2 upper percentages are perfectionists, whereas scientists with high h2 lower percentages are mass producers. As these metrics are percentages, they are intended to give a qualitative description to supplement the quantitative h-index.
The g-index can be seen as the h-index for an averaged citations count.
It has been argued that "For an individual researcher, a measure such as Erdős number captures the structural properties of network whereas the h-index captures the citation impact of the publications. One can be easily convinced that ranking in coauthorship networks should take into account both measures to generate a realistic and acceptable ranking." Several author ranking systems such as eigenfactor (based on eigenvector centrality) have been proposed already, for instance the Phys Author Rank Algorithm.
The c-index accounts not only for the citations but for the quality of the citations in terms of the collaboration distance between citing and cited authors. A scientist has c-index n if n of [his/her] N citations are from authors which are at collaboration distance at least n, and the other (N − n) citations are from authors which are at collaboration distance at most n.
An s-index, accounting for the non-entropic distribution of citations, has been proposed and it has been shown to be in a very good correlation with h.
The e-index, the square root of surplus citations for the h-set beyond h2, complements the h-index for ignored citations, and therefore is especially useful for highly cited scientists and for comparing those with the same h-index (iso-h-index group).
Because the h-index was never meant to measure future publication success, recently, a group of researchers has investigated the features that are most predictive of future h-index. It is possible to try the predictions using an online tool. However, later work has shown that since h-index is a cumulative measure, it contains intrinsic auto-correlation that led to significant overestimation of its predictability. Thus, the true predictability of future h-index is much lower compared to what has been claimed before.
The h-index has been applied to Internet Media, such as YouTube channels. The h-index is defined as the number of videos with ≥ h × 105 views. When compared with a video creator's total view count, the h-index and g-index better capture both productivity and impact in a single metric.
The i10-index indicates the number of academic publications an author has written that have been cited by at least ten sources. It was introduced in July 2011 by Google as part of their work on Google Scholar.
by the average h of scholars in a discipline d is an effective way to mitigate this bias, obtaining a universal impact metric that allows comparison of scholars across different disciplines. Of course this method does not deal with academic age bias.
The h-index can be timed to analyze its evolution during one's career, employing different time windows.
The o-index corresponds to the geometric mean of the h-index and the most cited paper of a researcher.
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^ Labbé, Cyril (2010). Ike Antkare one of the great stars in the scientific firmament (PDF). Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble RR-LIG-2008 (technical report) (Report). Joseph Fourier University.
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^ Sidiropoulos, Antonis; Katsaros, Dimitrios; Manolopoulos, Yannis (2007). "Generalized Hirsch h-index for disclosing latent facts in citation networks". Scientometrics. 72 (2): 253–80. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.76.3617. doi:10.1007/s11192-007-1722-z.
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^ Egghe, Leo (2013). "Theory and practise of the g-index". Scientometrics. 69: 131–52. doi:10.1007/s11192-006-0144-7. hdl:1942/981.
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^ Zhang, Chun-Ting (2009). Joly, Etienne, ed. "The e-Index, Complementing the h-Index for Excess Citations". PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5429. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5429Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005429. PMC 2673580. PMID 19415119.
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Image via WikipediaI remember being teased in fourth game for being able to multiply 4-digit numbers in my head.
Actually, it wouldn't have helped anyway because, had I told them that I couldn't do such a ridiculous thing, they would have simply teased me for not being able to multiply 4-digit numbers in my head.
But that's all water under the bridge, including my not being able to multiply 4-digit numbers in my head. Want to learn how?
Many cases are not that difficult once you know a couple of mental math tricks related to "Vedic mathematics".
While some people like to play of the mysticism of the name, Vedic Math is just a system of mathematics that was created by the Vedas people hundreds/thousands of years ago, rediscovered on old Sanskrit manuscripts by Bharati Krsna Tirthaji in 1911 and decoded from Sanskrit into modern-day mathematical notation over the following seven years. So, while not super-mystical, it is friggin' awesome.
It would have the digits of pi on it in some cool fashion and would have the phrase "Approximation Is For Wimps" at the bottom. It would be funny for a lot of reasons: 1. Just having so many digits of pi plastered on a shirt has intrinsic humor, b. It plays off of the fact that most math nerds are seen as wimps (or they definitely don't line up with the term "jock"), and 3) It's ironic because even the 3141 digits or so on the shirt will still be an approximation.
They brought them to the table before dinner, and I was trying to think of something that we could do with them in order to teach them some principle. We decided to create mazes out of the pennies, with the pennies as the walls.
Divisible by two:If the number ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, it is divisible by 2.
Divisible by five:If the number ends in 0 or 5, it is divisible by 5.
Divisible by ten:If the number ends in 0, it is divisible by 10.
Divisible by nine: If you add all the digits in a number together and that new number is divisible by 9, then it is also divisible by 9.
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Ullrich Gnoth is a photographer based in the Stuttgart area, Germany.
What did Ansel Adams say? Twelve significant photographs in any one year is a good crop.
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LEADING OFF – I would be remiss if I didn’t tip my hat to the greatest closer and one of the most dominating pitchers in the history of baseball, Mariano Rivera, who resides in Harrison. To your health, good sir.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DROPS UNEXPECTEDLY; STAY TUNED FOR MORE DETAILS – The unemployment rate in Westchester County dropped to 6.5 percent in August – down from July’s 6.7 percent mark – despite the fact that nationally, there was zero net job gains. However, on closer inspection, the numbers of employed Westchester residents and of unemployed residents both dropped significantly from July, indicating the possibility that increasing numbers of discouraged job-seekers put their job search on hold.
We will bring you more on this as the week goes on.
KEY BANK ANNOUNCES $5 BILLION SMALL BUSINESS LENDING PROGRAM – Today, following a meeting between Vice President Joseph Biden and representatives from 17 of the country’s biggest banks, Key Bank announced that it would make $5 billion in capital available for small business loans over the next three years.
PEARSON TO MOVE 1,200 JOBS TO LOWER MANHATTAN – Pearson PLC, a London-based publisher whose products include the Financial Times, announced earlier this week that it would move 1,200 employees from northern New Jersey, White Plains, and Midtown Manhattan to offices in Hoboken, NJ, and Lower Manhattan.
Now, only 20 of the jobs reportedly on the move are coming from White Plains. However, the big news is that Pearson has been offered more than $130 MILLION in tax credits and other incentives offered by both New York and New Jersey.
MY take on this is that Pearson got a pretty sweet deal – particularly when you take into account the fact that the company ALREADY had operations in Lower Manhattan and that this move essentially bolsters the existing footprint. In other words, New Jersey and New York are paying Pearson $82 million and $49 million, respectively, to enlarge an already important location that the company would likely not have considered leaving anyhow.
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The results of 4 clinical studies conclusively proving the efficacy and safety of the HairMax LaserComb was published in a peer review medical journal in April 2014 and here is a summation of the article.
"The results of four clinical studies on the treatment of male and female pattern hair loss with the HairMax LaserComb, was just published today in a peer-review journal, The American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. The article, Efficacy and Safety of a Low-level Laser Device in the Treatment of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Multicenter, Randomized, Sham Device-controlled, Double-blind Study was co-authored by renowned experts in the field of hair disorders. The results of these studies have now provided robust and conclusive evidence that the HairMax LaserComb is both effective and safe for the treatment of pattern hair loss in men and women.
The four clinical studies were conducted under strict Good Clinical Practice Guidelines at multiple study sites, including major teaching institutions of dermatology such as the Cleveland Clinic, University of Minnesota and University of Miami. Enrolled in the study were 225 males and females diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern hair loss). Subjects received either the HairMax LaserComb or a sham (inactive) device in a randomized, blinded manner so that no one knew which device they were on. The primary efficacy analysis was based on the change in hair count after 26 weeks treatment with the HairMax LaserComb, compared to change in hair count with the sham (inactive) device.
The results of the studies showed that there was an average increase in terminal hair count of over 20 hairs per cm² (equivalent to over 139 hairs per square inch). Additionally, a higher percentage of lasercomb-treated subjects reported overall improvement in hair loss condition and thickness and fullness of hair in self-assessment, compared with sham-treated subjects. No serious adverse events were reported in any subject receiving the lasercomb in any of the studies.
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Can you kayak through the Panama Canal? If you love kayaking and you are looking for a trip that will test your skills, reveal rarely seen sceneries, and leave you satisfyingly exhausted, then you will enjoy a thorough exploration of the Chagres River, from beginning to end. And yes, the Panama Canal at Gatun Lake, from Gamboa to Gatun Locks, is nothing else than a section of the Chagres River.
This itinerary takes you to experience the essence of Panama, its history, indigenous culture, nature, and the Panama Canal.
A dam at the river's northern terminus, just before it meets the Atlantic Ocean, forms Gatun Lake, which makes up the main water body of the Panama Canal. You'll hear the roar of howler monkeys from the vast jungle on your left and spot giant ships from a safe distance on your right as you paddle the length of Gatun Lake, sleeping as a guest in the huts of indigenous Embera tribes and wilderness camps along the way.
The idea of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama was first envisioned by Charles V, the King of Spain in 1534. Spanish conquistadors at that time used the natural flow of the Chagres River to transport treasures from the New World to Spain. Mules hauled their booties over land to Gamboa where they took smaller row boats along the Chagres River from Gamboa all the way to the Atlantic. Roughly the same expedition in which you'll explore in its modern capacity on days 4, 5, and 6 of this trip.
American interest in a convenient route between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans was spurred from the gold rush of 1849 and led to the construction of the Panama Railway, finished in 1855. However, France began the first real efforts of building an inter-ocean waterway across the isthmus in 1881, but financial hardships and 22,000 deaths, largely due to disease, brought an end to the project 8 years later.
Americans picked up where the French left off and began a massive undertaking, completing the waterway in 1914, a project of great ambition that took 10 years and brought the Panama Canal to fruition. Currently, 4% of world commerce passes through the Canal annually, but a growing demand for global shipping efficiency has made necessary the construction of a thirs set of locks that will allow much larger vessels to pass through the Canal, a project completed in June 2016.
Every time a ship crosses the canal towards the Pacific Ocean at Miraflores or towards the Atlantic Ocean at the Gatun Locks, 52,000,000 gallons of fresh water are drawn from Gatun Lake, once the world's largest artificial lake. With the growing increase in traffic and with the addition of new locks, the demand for fresh water will continually rise.
Thanks to the Panama Canal, Soberania and Chagres National Parks were established to protect vast tropical forests that generate the Canal's main power source—fresh water. On this trip you'll not only explore the Canal itself, but venture into the heart of the jungle where an impressively large watershed forms the head waters of the Chagres, which is not only vital to the canal but also necessary for supplying the Panama City- Colón area with enough fresh water to support their growing populations.
You'll start off with a trek through Chagres National Park on our flagship trip, the Chagres Challenge. You'll visit a virtually unseen portion of the jungle, due to the lack of accessible roads, protection against settlers, and the previous non-existence of Adventures Panama. This part of the river, characterized by currents alternating with still waters, is considered Class II, although several rapids are considered Class III by the International Classification of River Navigation.
After this rafting portion of the trip, you'll switch into expedition kayaks and begin the real paddling as you cross Madden Lake ("Lago Alajuela"), before entering Gatun Lake alongside the Panama Canal. With the creation of Gatun Lake, many mountain tops were turned into islands. This area offers endless channel possibilities to scout. In its shores covered by dense tropical forest you will find all kinds of exotic flora and fauna. This was discovered by the Smithsonian Research Institute which has operated the famous Tropical Research Center at Barro Colorado since 1946, an Island you'll observe from your kayak as you paddle around it on your way across Gatun Lake.
At the Northern end of Gatun Lake, you'll once again enter the remnants of the Chagres, as you take the river from Gatun Dam all the way to the Caribbean, ending your time on the water with a tour of Fort Lorenzo, a fortress that once guarded Spanish conquistadors from the infamous Caribbean pirates.
We will greet you at Tocumen International Airport and shuttle you to a Panama City Hotel. At the hotel, we will hold a welcome meeting for the group at 7 p.m. in the lobby.
You will learn about the development of the Panama Canal and its economic impact at the Miraflores Locks. Here, you are able to see passing ships and you can enjoy a documentary about the creation of the canal, its economic and strategic impact, and the recent expansion of the Canal.
On the Amador Causeway you will be in awe of the beautiful sight, here 3 islands were connected with the mainland by using materials from the Panama Canal excavations. You get to choose from several gourmet restaurants and enjoy the view of ships leaving the Canal and the exciting city.
Get ready for an early start at 5 a.m. You will be picked up and taken in an all-terrain vehicle to the remote village of San Cristobal, which is past the mountains of Cerro Azul, northeast of Panama City.
After a wild 4x4 drive through our own made highway, you will hike for about 2-3 hours on a trail within Chagres National Park, up to Rio Piedras, a Chagres River tributary or all the way to Chagres River. Here you will get into rafts and float downstream (Class II-III rapids) into the untouched jungles of the upper basin of the Chagres River.
We will have lunch by the river and continue rafting further downstream passing an impressive granite canyon with some white water rapid action, and ending just before encountering Madden Lake, also known as Lake Alajuela. Along the route, you will be picked up by a “piragua” (native wooden canoe equipped with outboard motor) that will take you to the Embera Indian Village around 4-6 p.m.
These Embera Natives migrated to Chagres National Park more than 20 years ago, here they found habitat similar to the one they were familiar with in the Darien jungles, near Colombia. They are extremely friendly and will invite you into their village as honored guests. You will most likely set up camp under one of their banana roofed huts and be served their staple dinner of fried plantains and locally caught fish.
After thanking the Embera Natives for their kind hospitality, we will switch our rafts for expedition kayaks and begin paddling across Alhajuela Lake, for 3-4 hours.
You will paddle through the remains of a 'drowned forest,' where only the very tips of the tallest trees, that once thrived here, now barely break the surface of the water in this man-made lake. You will navigate through the water channels as you make your way to the public boat ramp of Nuevo Vigía, on the western coast of Alhajuela Lake. Here, the driver will meet you, and shuttle you across Madden Dam to a section of the Chagres that connects Alhajuela Lake to Gatun Lake.
This leg of the trip will take around 3 hours, you'll be able to spot wildlife on either side of the river, it's even possible to see small alligators. At the end of the day, around 4pm, you'll stop at another Embera village for the night, just short of Lake Gatun and the town of Gamboa. If they have ample space and resources, then you will once again indulge in their hospitality, setting up camp in a hut and eating locally sourced fish.
In the morning, Embera Natives will once again shuttle you in piraguas, this time you will travel across to the west side of the Panama Canal. From here, your exploration of the canalthrough the original locks). With the expanded Canal, you might also see larger Neopanamax that are crossing through the newly inaugurated Third Set of Locks.
Eventually, you'll make your way around Barro Colorado, a famed Smithsonian natural research island. For this you have to rely on navigational techniques, to make your way through the tropical islands that guard the western passage around Barro Colorado.
On the far side of Gatun Lake you will see ships lined up, waiting for their turn to enter the locks and continue their passage through to the Atlantic Ocean. Large families of howler monkeys are known to roam the jungle forests in this area and will no doubt applaud your completion of Gatun Lake with their signature howl.
You will be put in directly downstream of Gatun Dam just in time to watch the jungle awaken, likely encountering some morning mist. This is the final stretch of the Chagres River which flows into the Atlantic Ocean.
To get in and out of this area, by road, we will go across the Panama Canal by way of the ferry boat in our vehicle.
This land package is designed for couples, friends, or singles above 18 yrs old that enjoy to team up for paddling in the outdoors. Lodging has been chosen considering local style, comfortable and basic accommodation with out luxury.
However, any person from 12 to 65 years old, in good health, ready to walk for about two and a half hours through an irregular and muddy path could do it with slight modifications(Minors must travel with a responsible adult).
Daily items: Swimsuit or a pair of shorts for navigating, sneakers or light boots with good soles, a cap, sun-block, a light jacket or windbreaker (in case the weather turns chilly), a towel and dry sets of clothes for after the day trip. Blanket, flashlight, personal hygiene items.
Objects than can be deteriorated by water or valuables like jewels, cash, credit cards, etc.
Kayak through the Panama Canal year-round !
The rainy season in Panama starts in April-May and ends by November-December. Due to changing river water levels it can not be defined in advance where we will stay the night on river shore.
(2) Participants should become familiar and agree with Aventuras Panama Terms and Conditions.
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Why is it that your feet or toes feel cold?
Cold feet or toes can be caused by a great many things and the feeling of cold toes can sometimes be the first sign of a more widespread disease. On the flip side, you may know that you have one of the following conditions, but not realize that that condition is linked with your symptoms of cold toes.
* Poor circulation: Poor circulation is a term used frequently to describe a couple of conditions. The blood in the body circulated through the heart, arteries and veins. When coldness is felt in the toes, feet and sometimes fingertips and the cause is poor circulation it indicates that the blood from the heart is not adequately reaching the these areas. The reason that toes can feel cold before other parts of the body is because of how far the toes are from the heart. Peripheral vascular disease describes any condition such as this, where either the heart or arteries are diseases in a way that doesn't allow good perfusion of the tissues. Arteriosclerosis is another disease of the arteries when there is build up on the inside of the vessels which decreases blood flow to certain areas. In addition to physically feeling cold, severe circulation problems cause pain in the toes as the tissues are essentially suffocating without adequate amounts of oxygen reaching these areas.
* Cold Exposure Injury: This refers to frost bite or frost nip. Of course the toes will feel cold during the time of cold exposure, these symptoms can last and be re-aggravated - especially in cold whether. The small vessels in the toes may not recover completely after this type of injury and can the exposure to cold can also damage superficial nerves which then may transmit signals of cold, heat, tingling ... even if there isn't anything physically damaged on the skin.
* Metabolic Disease: There are many metabolic diseases. A very common metabolic disease is diabetes, which can be related to a cold feeling in the toes. People with diabetes and cold toes are actually experiencing this feeling due to poor circulation due to chronically elevated blood sugars causing narrowing of blood vessels and decreasing blood flow. A thyroid that has imparied function (hypothyroidism) can also cause a feeling of coldness in the toes and feet. The thyroid normally helps to warm the body. When it isn't working properly, it can may not be warming you as much as it should!
* Reynaud's Phenomenon: This one is a mouthful I know! This is a condition that is not yet completely understood, but it is believed to be caused by a relationship between the small nerves that innervate the blood vessels in the toes and fingers. In Reynaud's phenomenon, there is hypersensitivity to cold that causes pain, a feeling of cold and also color changes to the skin of the toes and fingers (white, blue, red). This typically resolves once no longer exposed to cold. However, emotional stress can also trigger this reaction.
* Other: Some people just feel like they have always had cold toes and feet. If no other diagnosis is found, this may just be how your body works. It could also be due to stress. I have also had people concerned about cold, clammy feet and toes. This may be due to hyperhydrosis, where your body sweats excessively. If you don't wear socks, you can experience this same feeling.
If you are concerned about cold toes or feet, make an appointment for evaluation today! If any of our doctors is concerned that there is more than meets the eye, we'll lead you in the right direction for treatment!
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MegaLocker is a rogue anti-spyware tool. In order to be more specific, version, which has been discovered by our security experts, can install security_cleaner.exe file. If you have received a warning that your files have been encrypted, we highly recommend resisting paying the ransom, as most likely you will not even get any decryption key. MegaLocker is no exception – it shows exaggerated lists of threats, imitates scanning of the system and does everything else with a hope of tricking users into buying the “full” MegaLocker version. reports plenty of infections and offers removing those for a certain price. We say so because of a simple thing – the appearance of MegaLocker means that you should become concerned about the state of your machine because it can be infected with rogue anti-spywares or similar cyber threats.
FBI virus Once the infection gets on the machine, it locks the entire desktop and makes users disabled from using their workstations properly. However, technical aspects are indifferent and do not offer any newfangled signs. [email protected] or [email protected]. This scam tool may also be propagated through fraudulent social engineering and other ways that leave no chances for the victim to notice the intrusion. It relies on fake alerts offering people to update their Flash Player, FLV Player, download manager or other programs that they use each day. The selected strategy is always played out the same.
HOW CAN I REMOVE Din computer er MegaLocker låst virus?
If your files have been locked by MegaLocker Ransomware, your desktop wall paper will be replaced with a message that says you must pay .5 BTC to get the encryption code. However, you must ignore all those requests and remove MegaLocker MegaLocker ransomware usually demanded a sum of money depending on the amount of the encrypted files. The only reliable way to remove MegaLocker” virus is by using special removal tools and follow instructions strictly. If you do it, you might get convinced MegaLocker purchasing questionable software which is said to fix the error.
If you are infected with Some users might have been infected after clicked on the malicious links. You never know if by clicking on some hyperlink you will not start execution of an infection. To fix it and remove MegaLocker. The following text is the ransom message in Portuguese: Cyber criminals expect users to contact that certain email address in order to get Another aspect that should create immediate suspicion is that such messages contain attachments (these files are the payloads of ransomware viruses).
How should I properly perform MegaLocker removal?
After restoring your system, it is recommended to scan your computer with an anti-malware program, like Anti-Malware Tool, Anti-Malware Tool and remove all malicious files related to MegaLocker virus. Due to technical characteristics of this malware, it is able to pass itself as a legitimate file so that not every anti-virus program detects it on time. What is more, similar PC threats often block computer security programs; www.tips2-remove.com/download. www.tips2-remove.com/download. In such case, you may try terminating the network connection or follow our expert-prepared MegaLocker removal guide provided below.
Choose Uninstall a program and uninstall MegaLocker.
Select Add or Remove programs and remove MegaLocker.
Find the undesirable application and uninstall MegaLocker.
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0.999991 |
Considering the age of Marduk and their extensive legacy it’s impressive how consistent they have been, there are few acts that emerged from the early 90’s that haven't had a radical change in their sound, whilst the Swedish black metal legends has had definite tonal differences comparing any album to another it's very easy to hear: a) that it’s a Marduk record and b) there are sonic similarities in every release from the first to the last.
The different permutations of similar albums generally shift on a scale from all-out blast-fests to more melodic and slower affairs. "Viktoria" lies generally closer to the fast and aggressive end of the spectrum with only a few songs displaying a more pedestrian pace in them. The biggest challenge I face when listening to Marduk in 'all-out fury mode' is the innumerable number of bands that are able to produce far more aggressive songs using the similar formula of frantic shifting power-chord riffs, explosive drums and tortured vocals, bands like Antaeus, Black Witchery and Revenge display a higher level of competency in this approach, creating an intense listening experience that feels like a runaway train on a one way trip to the abyss. Marduk themselves have even managed to achieve more compelling, furious catchy riffs on tracks like "Souls for Belial" and "Messianic Pestilence".
"Viktoria", unfortunately, doesn't have the steam to bring its songs to fruition, many songs bleed into the next without any real distinction between the current and the previous, the riffs are interchangeable a lot of the time offering no real hooks for the ear to retain.
The moments when the album truly shines are when things are slowed down, dynamics are introduced and more memorable lines appear, tracks like "Tiger I", "Viktoria", and "Silent Night" redeem the album, offering a reprieve from the frantic and displaying some more interesting ideas.
Overall the production of the album detracts from the feel of the more intense songs, the end product is very clean and sterile, lacking life. I believe that if the album sounded denser with thicker guitar tracks, more space through reverb and a better treatment of Mortuus’ vocals (which whilst displaying his proficiency also sound thin and lacking the bassy punch that is displayed so well on tracks like "Perish in Flames") the album would have a very different feel to it.
Summarizing all aforementioned, Marduk fans will be content, it's more of the same, better than "Frontschwein" but not as good the album prior to that "Serpent Sermon". For those that are not loyal fans, I’d recommend many more albums that have been released so far this year, for starters would be Mortuus’ own band Funeral Mist and they're great return after a number of years.
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0.999994 |
Create a workflow or set of coordinated workflows to efficiently manage development of new technology projects.
Online self-service forms allow users to request or launch new technology projects.
Forms can prompt requesters to designate team members, who are automatically notified of their inclusion, role, etc.
Primary, sequential and child workflows can be used to drive team and stakeholder collaboration in dynamic order across large projects, in multiple phases including strategy, design, testing or other development stages.
Iterative collaboration workflows can include routing of design assets, spreadsheets and other necessary data among team members.
Assets and feedback can be looped among the team so members can build on previous comments until a consensus is reached or decision is made.
Automated notifications can alert workflow participants to complete time-sensitive or required tasks.
Centralized dashboard provides visibility into all tech project workflows across the organization.
Collaborative workflows reduce need for meetings by providing a channel for enhanced input and iterative improvement.
Drives more positive engagement and morale by fostering collaboration.
Form and workflow customization means processes can be customized to any tech development process.
Improved efficiency and process acceleration reduce costs and boost agility.
Performance audits and analysis can be accomplished in detail thanks to automatic archiving of workflow records and data.
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0.999999 |
Context: Low-income seniors frequently have multiple chronic medical conditions for which they often fail to receive the recommended standard of care.
Objectives: To test the effectiveness of a geriatric care management model on improving the quality of care for low-income seniors in primary care.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Controlled clinical trial of 951 adults 65 years or older with an annual income less than 200% of the federal poverty level, whose primary care physicians were randomized from January 2002 through August 2004 to participate in the intervention (474 patients) or usual care (477 patients) in community-based health centers.
Intervention: Patients received 2 years of home-based care management by a nurse practitioner and social worker who collaborated with the primary care physician and a geriatrics interdisciplinary team and were guided by 12 care protocols for common geriatric conditions.
Main Outcome Measures: The Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) scales and summary measures; instrumental and basic activities of daily living (ADLs); and emergency department (ED) visits not resulting in hospitalization and hospitalizations. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant improvements for intervention patients compared with usual care at 24 months in 4 of 8 SF-36 scales: general health (0.2 vs -2.3, P = .045), vitality (2.6 vs -2.6, P < .001), social functioning (3.0 vs -2.3, P = .008), and mental health (3.6 vs -0.3, P = .001); and in the Mental Component Summary (2.1 vs -0.3, P < .001). No group differences were found for ADLs or death. The cumulative 2-year ED visit rate per 1000 was lower in the intervention group (1445 [n = 474] vs 1748 [n = 477], P = .03) but hospital admission rates per 1000 were not significantly different between groups (700 [n = 474] vs 740 [n = 477], P = .66). In a predefined group at high risk of hospitalization (comprising 112 intervention and 114 usual-care patients), ED visit and hospital admission rates were lower for intervention patients in the second year (848 [n = 106] vs 1314 [n = 105]; P = .03 and 396 [n = 106] vs 705 [n = 105]; P = .03, respectively).
Conclusions: Integrated and home-based geriatric care management resulted in improved quality of care and reduced acute care utilization among a high-risk group. Improvements in health-related quality of life were mixed and physical function outcomes did not differ between groups. Future studies are needed to determine whether more specific targeting will improve the program's effectiveness and whether reductions in acute care utilization will offset program costs.
Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00182962.
Counsell SR, Callahan CM, Clark DO, et al. Geriatric care management for low-income seniors: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007;298(22):2623-2633. PMID: 18073358. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.22.2623.
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0.933196 |
This article is about the ABBA song. For other uses, see Angel Eyes (disambiguation).
(1979) "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)"
"Angeleyes" (also known as "Angel Eyes") is a pop song written and recorded in 1978 by the Swedish group ABBA, and is featured on their sixth studio album, Voulez-Vous. Released as a double A-side with the title track of the album in July 1979, the lyrics and music were composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus. As one of ABBA's most popular tracks in the United Kingdom, the song was a successful hit, peaking at No. 3 on the singles chart.
5 Other cover versions, appearances in other media, etc.
"Angeleyes" (which had the working title "Katakusom") is a song in which the protagonist beseeches women to avoid the deceptively innocent looking gaze of a handsome yet deceitful man, warning them to beware of the "game he likes to play." The vocals came from Ulvaeus, Agnetha Fältskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad.
In the United Kingdom, "Angeleyes" was released as a double A-side with "Voulez-Vous", this being an unusual move for the group. ABBA and the personnel at Epic, the group's British record label, believed that with its classic ABBA arrangement, "Angeleyes" would be considerably popular with the record buying public. No promotional video for "Angeleyes" was made; as ABBA had filmed one for "Voulez-Vous", this was used to promote the double A-side single. The double A-side peaked at No. 3 in the UK in August 1979.
Coincidentally, ABBA's "Angeleyes" was in the UK Top 20 at the same time as another unrelated song called "Angel Eyes" by the British rock group Roxy Music. The latter track was composed by musicians Bryan Ferry and Andy Mackay, and although the two songs possess some lyrical similarities, Ferry and Mackay's song is more reminiscent of contemporary pop rock.
In critical terms, when the track was featured on the BBC's popular TV series Juke Box Jury, the panel (which featured Alan Freeman, Johnny Rotten, Joan Collins and Elaine Paige) unanimously voted the song a "miss", predicting that it would not be a hit for the group. Oddly enough, only "Angeleyes" was mentioned on the show, with no reference made to "Voulez-Vous". A retrospective review of the Voulez-Vous album by AllMusic critic Bruce Eder gave "Angeleyes" a citation as an 'Album Pick' while praising the work as a whole.
In the United States, the individual "Angeleyes" single failed to climb that high in the charts, reaching No. 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 in October 1979. "Voulez-Vous" fared even worse a month before, peaking at No. 80. Compared to expectations, the songs' parent album only performed modestly in the US.
In October 1979 (three months after the single release), "Angeleyes" was included on the group's compilation album Greatest Hits Vol. 2. It was not featured on ABBA's 1982 double-album compilation The Singles: The First Ten Years.
"Angeleyes" has also been a part of numerous other ABBA compilations over the years, including More ABBA Gold: More ABBA Hits (1993); the four-CD box-set Thank You for the Music (1994); The Definitive Collection (2001), and The Albums (2008).
"Angel Eyes" was released on 13 July 2018, alongside the soundtrack of Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, by Capitol and Polydor Records. The song is performed by Julie Walters (Rosie), Christine Baranski (Tanya) and Amanda Seyfried (Sophie) and it was produced by Benny Andersson.
Other cover versions, appearances in other media, etc.
German Eurodance group E-Rotic covered the song for their 1997 ABBA tribute album Thank You for the Music. It was featured on Dancemania's 1998 compilation Dancemania 8.
American alternative rock band The Czars covered the song on their 2006 album Sorry I Made You Cry.
Various Eurodance cover remixes by Abbacadabra were released by Almighty Records during the late 1990s. A version was included on the 2008 compilation We Love ABBA: The Mamma Mia Dance Compilation. Audio samples can be heard on the official Almighty Records website.
^ Examples include the books The Best of ABBA (Songbook) and The Sound Of The Crowd: A Discography of the '80s among others.
^ a b c d Davis, Sharon (2012). 80s Chart-Toppers: Every Chart-Topper Tells a Story. Random House. ISBN 9781780574110.
^ a b c d e Eder, Bruce. Review of Voulez-Vous at AllMusic. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
^ The Best of ABBA (Songbook). Hal Leonard Corporation. 2009. ISBN 9781458447661.
^ http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/19790812/7501/ UK Official Singles Chart Top 75; August 1979. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
^ William Ruhlmann (6 November 2001). "The Definitive Collection - ABBA | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine (24 November 2008). "The Albums - ABBA | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 330–1. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
^ "Abbacadabra – Angeleyes – Almighty Records". Almightyrecords.com. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
This page was last edited on 7 December 2018, at 23:22 (UTC).
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0.952182 |
What is serrapeptase good for?
Serrapeptase is an extracellular metalloprotease enzyme isolated from enterobacterium Serratia marcescens Serratia sp. strain E-15 (one of the enteric bacilli in silk worm) 1). The microorganism Serratia marcescens Serratia sp. strain E-15 was originally isolated in the late 1960s from silk worm Bombyx mori L 2). Serrapeptase is presented in the silk worm intestine and allows the emerging moth to dissolve its cocoon. It is produced by purification mainly from fermentation of Serratia marcescens or Serratia sp. E 15. The Serrapeptase enzyme belongs to Serralysin group of enzymes and is known to cleave the peptides with linkages of Asn-Gln, CysSO3H-Gly, Arg-Gly, and Tyr-tyr as well as the bond between His-Leu, Gly-Ala, Ala-Leu, Tyr-leu, Gly-Gly, Phen-Tyr, and Tyr-Thr, showing broad substrate specificity 3). The Serrapeptase enzyme is absorbed through the intestine and transported directly into the blood stream 4). Serrapeptase should be enterically coated or else it may get destroyed by acid in the stomach before it gets into small intestine 5). Serrapeptase enzyme is believed to induce degradation of insoluble protein products like fibrin and inflammatory mediators. It reduces the viscosity of exudates facilitating drainage and alleviates pain by inhibiting the release of bradykinin 6).
Serrapeptase is also known as Serratiopeptidase (Serratia E-15 protease), serralysin, serratiapeptase, serratia peptidase or serrapeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme preparation used is used either alone or in combination with other drugs to treat inflammation. Serrapeptase has been used in Europe and Asia for over 30 years, but is relatively new in the United States and Canada 7). Serrapeptase has powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical studies have shown that Serrapeptase is effective in reducing swelling and edema and metabolizing scar tissues in the body 8) and particularly useful for post-traumatic swelling, breast engorgement during lactation 9) and bronchitis 10). Serrapeptase can digest dead tissue, blood clots, cysts, and arterial plaques 11). The anti-inflammatory properties of serrapeptase was first studied in Japan in 1967. Later during the 1970s these parenteral enzyme formulations were replaced by their enteric coated successors. During the 1980s and 1990s it was proposed by separate research conducted in Europe and Japan that serrapeptase is the most effective agent in reducing inflammation among all enzyme preparations.
Serrapeptase is used either alone or in combination with other drugs to treat inflammation. It is proved to be a superior alternative to traditional NSAIDS like diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen which have pronounced side effects.
Serrapeptase mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect is because of hydrolysis of histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin 12). Serrapeptase also has a proteolytic and fibrinolytic effect. This is achieved by dissolving the complement (specific proteins responsible for inflammation) and increasing the plasmin activity by inhibiting the plasmin inactivators 13). This anti-inflammatory activity of serrapeptase can be evaluated by Rat Paw Edema model, wherein edema is induced by Aerosil and the decrease in the thickness of the inflamed rat paw is measured using plethysmometer 14).
Serrapeptase contains 450 amino acids cleaved with the peptide bond having molecular weight of approximately 60 kDa. Serrapeptase is labile to heat, moisture, and pH of the environment. The enzyme has maximal activity at pH 9.0 and at temperature 40°C. Serrapeptase shows excellent stability at lower temperatures in the pH range from 5 to 10. Serrapeptase is unstable at 37°C in alkaline conditions. The enzyme is completely inactivated by heating at 55°C for 15 min.
Serrapeptase has been used to treat chronic sinusitis 15), carpal tunnel syndrome 16), sprains, torn ligaments, serous otitis media 17), osteoarthritis of the knee 18), osteoarticular infections 19), and postoperative inflammation 20). Serrapeptase was found to produce some relief in breast pain, induration and swelling, when compared to placebo in women with breast engorgement during lactation, with a fewer number of women experiencing slight to no improvement in overall breast engorgement, swelling and breast pain 21). However, the overall quality of the studies was found to be low due to limitations in study design and the small number of women in the included studies, thus there is insufficient evidence from published trials on Serrapeptase to justify widespread implementation as treatment for breast engorgement during lactation. More robust research is urgently needed on the treatment of breast engorgement during lactation.
Esch et al. 22) used serrapeptase for reduction of postoperative swelling in upper ankle joint surgery and concluded that significant reduction in swelling had been achieved post- operatively with the use of serrapeptase.
Al-Khateeb and Nusair 23) investigated the ability of serrapeptase to reduce post-operative pain, swelling and trismus after third molar surgery. There was a significant reduction in the pain intensity and extent of cheek swelling in the serrapeptase group at the 2nd, 3rd and 7th post-operative days. Another study by Chappi et al. 24) also indicated similar results in which the serrapeptase group showed significantly reduced trismus and swelling on the day 1, 3 and 5 post-operatively. However, this enzyme preparation did not exert an appreciable analgesic effect post-operatively 25). In the same study by Chappi et al. 26) showed serratiopeptidase 10 mg orally produced an appreciable anti-edema effect and had no apparent effect on rate of wound healing. Murugesan et al. 27) found that dexamethasone was more effective in reducing swelling and pain when compared with serratiopeptidase, however both had same effect on trismus.
Serrapeptase is a potent anti-inflammatory enzyme. Supplementing serrapeptase with NSAIDs has shown to have a favorable anti-inflammatory effect on the tissues of the body 28).
Other conditions e.g. weight loss.
For reducing swelling of the inside of the cheek after sinus surgery: 5-10 mg of serrapeptase 3 times on the day before surgery, once in the evening after surgery, and then 3 times daily for 5 days following surgery.
According to a review of the literature, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported as being associated exclusively with serrapeptase 29).
Serrapeptase might decrease blood clotting. Therefore, taking serrapeptase along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
4. ↵ Bhagat S, Agarwal M, Roy V. Serratiopeptidase: A systematic review of the existing evidence. International Journal of Surgery. 2013;11(3):209–17.
5. ↵ Moriya N, Nakata M, Nakamura M, Takaoka M, Iwasa S, Kato K, et al. Intestinal absorption of serrapeptase™ (TSP) in rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 1994;20(Pt1):101–08.
11. ↵ Mazzone A., Catalani M., Costanzo M. Evaluation of Serratia-peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. J. Int. Med. Res. 1990;18:379–388.
18. ↵ Klein G., Kullich W. Short-term treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with oral enzymes. A randomized, double-blind study versus diclofenac. Clin. Drug Invest. 2000;19:15–23.
28. ↵ Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, Drusian A, Mandoli A, Russo S, Guarini E, Vesperini G. J Int Med Res. 1990 Sep-Oct; 18(5):379-88.
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0.939852 |
Can alcoholics recover and drink normally again? Leading Internet search engines say yes, they can!
Try a search in a major search engine for the following "can alcoholics recover and drink normally again", it appears the search engines have an answer. The search results people are getting for issues dealing with alcoholism are very relevant to what people are needing to recover from alcoholism, apparantly. It's not just AA that is helping, search engines like Google, MSN, and Yahoo, are listing in the top results websites from people that have recovered and offering their advice on what works and what doesn't. As one of the website owners put it in the article, their website is not "treating the symptom rather than the underlying cause." I found this article a bit enlightening that what is being served in the top results is indeed helping people, and sites like the couple mentioned in the article are getting noticed for their effectiveness. Its not just traditional solutions, big companies, and government information sites taking up the top slots, its also the little guys.
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0.998671 |
What are Domestic Violence and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that’s triggered by either experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event or series of events . Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event/s.
For assistance, world wide or in certain countries please see here.
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0.945606 |
Banff Sunshine (formerly Sunshine Village) is a Canadian ski resort, located on the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies within Banff National Park in Alberta and Mt Assiniboine Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. It is one of three major ski resorts located in the Banff National Park. Because of its location straddling the Continental Divide, Sunshine receives more snow than the neighbouring ski resorts. The Sunshine base area is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) Southwest of the town of Banff, Alberta. By car, it is about a one-hour, thirty-minute drive from the city of Calgary. The Sunshine exit on the Trans Canada Highway is 8 km (5.0 mi) west of the town of Banff.
Banff Sunshine ski runs and lifts are accessed via an eight-person high-speed gondola. The gondola takes people from the parking lot (or bus terminal) to Goat's Eye mountain in 10 minutes and to the upper Village area in 18 minutes. There are 9 chairlifts and 120 trails within the alpine valley formed by the three mountains (Mount Standish, Lookout Mountain, and Goat's Eye Mountain) that constitute Banff Sunshine. In summer the resort runs a shuttle bus service to its attractive walking trails and alpine meadows.
The first explorer that passed through the Sunshine area was Governor George Simpson of Hudson's Bay Company. His party passed through the area in 1841 seeking new quicker routes into the Columbia District. His diary noted "Hole in the Wall" Goat's Eye mountain and he left a blaze in a tree that has since been preserved in the Banff Natural History Museum. The next significant exploration party was the Palliser Expedition in the late 1850s; Mt. Borgeau, is named for one of its members.
Everything changed with the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway and its arrival in Banff in the late 1880s. Bill Peyto may have been the first person to bring real tourists through the Sunshine area. The eccentric[peacock term] Peyto was a trapper and prospector. He was also a competent guide, as his rugged life[clarification needed] gave him the skills required to face the often harsh realities of nature[further explanation needed]. In the 1890s Peyto would guide tourists through the Sunshine Meadows to the base of Mt. Assiniboine, the highest peak in the Southern Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rockies.
By the 1920s, Sunshine Meadows had become a popular camping site. Pat Brewster, the youngest son of dairyman John Brewster, was the first to regularly bring tourists for overnight camping at Sunshine Meadows. This area was nicknamed Tee Pee Town on account of the many tents that overnight campers would set there. Upon reaching the top of the Tee Pee Town chair lift today[when?], one[who?] is looking over the same Sunshine Meadows that were busy with campers those many decades earlier[when?].
In 1928, the Canadian Pacific Railway built a log cabin lodge for the use of The Trail Riders of the Canadian Rockies, a club of horse enthusiasts who were sponsored by the tourist friendly railway. This cabin was certainly not the first lodge built in the region (Bill Peyto’s cabin near Simpson’s pass was built more than 30 years earlier), but it is now the oldest building at Banff Sunshine and is known as the Old Sunshine Lodge. Housing Mad Trapper's Saloon and Bruno's Bistro, the OSL is situated at the timberline above what was then known as Wheeler’s Flats and just below a vast expanse of high alpine meadows.
In March 1929, Cliff White and Cyril Paris, two local extreme sports enthusiasts, created a plan[clarification needed] to use the CPR cabin as an overnight point in their ski trek over the great divide. Unfortunately they could not find the cabin that night and were forced to sleep in a dug-out in the snow. Upon waking in the morning they discovered that they had only just missed the CPR cabin. These two men were the first to ski what is now known as Banff Sunshine.
In 1934 Jim and Pat Brewster leased the cabin from the CPR and began offering ski vacations. They bought the lodge in 1936. In 1939 they hired Swiss guide Bruno Engler as the first ski instructor. In 1941 a rope tow was built. The Brewster's owned the area until 1951 when it was sold to George Encil, who also owned nearby Mt. Norquay. He added "Village" to the name and made numerous improvements including the addition of a "Ski-Kuli" lift.
In 1981, the resort was purchased by Ralph T. Scurfield of Calgary. Since his passing in 1985, his sons, Ralph, Sergei, and John have run the resort and made many improvements. In 1988, the resort's first high speed quad opened with the construction of the Angel Express on Lookout Mountain. In 1995, the resort expanded onto Goat's Eye Mountain, constructing a Poma high speed quad to service the new terrain. A year later, the Great Divide double chairlift to the summit of Lookout Mountain was replaced with an extended high speed quad, also built by Poma. In 2000, Poma replaced the two chairlifts on the mountain in between Goat's Eye and Lookout Mountains. The Wheeler double chairlift was replaced with a high speed quad, the Wolverine Express, and the Fireweed T-Bar was replaced with a fixed-grip quad, Jackrabbit.
In 2001, the aging gondola that had brought guests up to the mountain since 1980 was replaced with a modern gondola built by Poma, reusing the same line and many of the original towers. At the same time, the WaWa T-Bar was removed and a fixed grip quad was built by Poma to replace it. In 2003, the Standish double chairlift was upgraded by Leitner Poma to a high speed quad, providing high speed lift service to Mount Standish.
In 2010, the Strawberry triple chairlift was removed and replaced with a used Doppelmayr CTEC high speed quad. The Strawberry Express had originally been built as a temporary lift at Whistler Blackcomb in 2009 for the 2010 Winter Olympics to transport spectators from the Creekside base area to the finish line on the downhill course. In 2015, the last remaining double chairlift on the mountain, Tee Pee Town, was removed and replaced by Doppelmayr with a bubble high speed quad containing heated seats.
Banff Sunshine now hosts some 500,000 skiers and snowboarders annually over a ski season that stretches from early November to late May.
Banff Sunshine has 3,358 acres (13.59 km2) of skiable terrain in Alberta and B.C. Its top elevation is at 2,730 m (8,960 ft), its base elevation is at 1,660 m (5,450 ft), and it's 1,070 m (3,510 ft) tall. The primary skiing area around Banff Sunshine is based at 2,160 m (7,090 ft), providing 570 m (1,870 ft) of vertical terrain to the top of Lookout Mountain. There are 120 named runs spreading out over three mountains (Goat Eye's Mountain, Lookout Mountain and Mount Standish) and the two provinces, (Alberta and British Columbia). Lift service includes a gondola, chairs, High-speed quad with heated seats and bubbles and magic carpet lifts. Banff Sunshine is the first ski resort in Canada to feature a High-speed quad with heated seats and bubbles. This chair was constructed in 2015 and is known as Teepee Town XL. The annual snowfall is up to thirty feet (over nine meters).
The Sunshine Mountain Lodge, an 84-room hotel is located in the "village" at tree line 7,200 feet (2,200 m) above sea level. It is the only ski-in/ski-out lodge in Banff-Lake Louise. Guests can purchase a Marmot Card to receive discounts on lift tickets. This card allows guests to ski at a discounted rate at both Banff Sunshine and Marmot Basin in Jasper and includes a number of free ski days.
Due to its location in Banff National Park and the development restrictions that apply, parking at Banff Sunshine has long been in limited supply. When the main parking lot fills, visitors park along the access road and use a shuttle bus to get to the base lodge. This has been a source of friction with Parks Canada over the years, due to Parks Canada's concern about avalanche risks along the road. In 2017, a court overturned a Parks Canada imposed ban on access road parking.
The ski season begins in early November and traditionally ends in late May, on the Victoria Day long weekend, with an event called the Slush Cup. Slush Cup participants attempt to ski down in front of a very large crowd of crazily dressed spectators, jump onto a pool of water (approx. 50'/ 15m long & 8' / 2.5m deep) and skim across the pool to the other side. All successful participants get raucous applause and bragging rights. Sunshine just celebrated its 90th Slush Cup in May 2018. Banff Sunshine has hosted many alpine ski and snowboard events.
Banff Sunshine offers terrain for all levels of skiers and boarders. It offers a mix of gentle tree lined beginner slopes, wide open above tree-line intermediate and expert terrain. Visitors to the resort will often access one of the eight adjacent backcountry terrain such as 'Wawa Ridge' or Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park in British Columbia. Avalanche rescue equipment is recommended for most backcountry areas. Rescue equipment is a requirement for access to the freeride zones of Delirium Dive and Wild West where the entrances are via a gate which remains locked at all times unless it detects a working avalanche transceiver on each person that passes through it. The entrance for Wild West is located on Goats Eye Mountain while the entrance to Delirium Dive is located near the Great Divide. Sunshine also features a 5km ski-out which brings guests from the village to the gondola base.
Many movies and TV specials have been filmed in the Sunshine area. Banff Sunshine was utilized as a task destination for the season ending episode of the popular American reality television show The Amazing Race 5 (original broadcast date September, 2004). In the final 13th leg of this race, the three remaining teams took taxicabs from the Calgary International Airport to Banff Sunshine. After riding the gondola to the base of Lookout Mountain, the contestants donned snowshoes before making the approximate 2,000 vertical foot hike to the top ridge of the Great Divide (elevation 8,900 feet). Sunshine regularly host the Marjoe Gortner Celebrity Sports Invitational charity ski events to raise money for charities such as the Dream Foundation and Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.'s Waterkeeper Alliance.
^ Derworiz, C (2015-10-23). "Sunshine Village unveils Canada's first heated quad chair". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
^ "Sunshine Village Snow History | OnTheSnow". OnTheSnow. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
^ "Sunshine Super Card". Ski Marmot Basin, Jasper National Park. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
^ "90th Slush Cup (May 21) :: Sunshine Village". Sunshine Village Ski Resort in Banff Alberta. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
^ http://www.backcountryskiingcanada.com. "Sunshine Village Ski Resort". Backcountry Skiing Canada. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
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A little white lie never hurt anyone, right? That was the philosophy the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) appeared to subscribe to last year when it ruled an employer unlawfully discharged an employee for dishonesty because, in the NLRB’s view, the company had handled terminations for lying inconsistently. A federal court of appeals reviewed that NLRB order and has overturned it. In other words, the court ruled that the employer was justified in terminating the employee.
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Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to............ .
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the life cycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.
When their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move.......... .
With further warming, animals tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bear and marine mamals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.
The pronoun ' those' refer to.......... .
According to the paragraph, what is NOT true?
A. All species are especially at risk.
B. Some species are especially at risk.
C. Polar animals are at risk.
D. Marine mammals are at risk.
What does the word 'habitats' in the paragraph possibly mean?
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Write a review on Ultimate Nutrition Beta K!
Kre-alkalyn is a PH-correct buffered creatine which is designed for maximum absorption into the blood stream. Recent scientific research demonstrates that Beta Alanine and creatine supplementation produced a synergistic effect whereby total power output was dramatically increased, and fat-free mass gain, strength increases and body fat reductions were greater than with creatine alone. Beta Alanine also plays a critical role in the muscular failure process because it acts as a buffering agent that buffers muscle tissue from acidity, thereby delaying muscular failure.
Pump But I would would still recommend this - it provided the better pumps I was looking for.
Value for money I've since read about the benefits Beta Alanine can provide and this beta-k product combined those two without lots of other "fillers" that may or may not help at a good price point.
Muscle gain My goal is to gain lean muscle mass.
Endurance but when I took creatine from Prolab I noticed the endurance and strength in two days.
Strength but when I took creatine from Prolab I noticed the endurance and strength in two days.
Muscle gain If I was in a muscle gaining phase which I'm not this stuff would be the ticket!
Muscle gain but its hella cool as far as helping me develop major pumps and my muscle gains have increased significantly!
Pump but its hella cool as far as helping me develop major pumps and my muscle gains have increased significantly!
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I just threw this together for a project I'm working on, but I would be happy to clean this up and make a proper pull request if the Rails team is open to the idea. There's a fair amount of people requesting this feature https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/31419 some of the solutions in this issue are directly linking to the service files, but streaming would keep the service provider abstracted away while also allowing for proper CDN caching.
+1 for supporting publicly-available files. We’re almost certainly going to do that at some point.
We needn’t tie it to proxying downloads, though. For larger apps, it’s no more desirable to take on the substantial cost of proxying for public files any more than for private ones. You can put a CDN in front of a public S3 or GCS bucket.
The large cost really depends on your cache hit rate, for my personal apps and my employer (a high traffic e-commerce site) static assets have low miss rate as they never change and have long expiring headers. How about giving the user the option, while keeping redirect as the default?
I just threw this together for a project I'm working on, but I would be happy to clean this up and make a proper pull request if the Rails team is open to the idea. There's a fair amount of people requesting this feature <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/31419" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" onmousedown="this.href='https://www.google.com/url?q\x3dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frails%2Frails%2Fissues%2F31419\x26sa\x3dD\x26sntz\x3d1\x26usg\x3dAFQjCNElnbgw_As5Yrk4o9ggJ92U8mRzRQ';return true;" onclick="this.href='https://www.google.com/url?q\x3dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frails%2Frails%2Fissues%2F31419\x26sa\x3dD\x26sntz\x3d1\x26usg\x3dAFQjCNElnbgw_As5Yrk4o9ggJ92U8mRzRQ';return true;">https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/31419 some of the solutions in this issue are directly linking to the service files, but streaming would keep the service provider abstracted away while also allowing for proper CDN caching.
Visit this group at <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" onmousedown="this.href='https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core';return true;" onclick="this.href='https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core';return true;">https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core.
I’m okay with adding proxy support in general, but a global setting seems less than ideal (unless it’s paired with a way to override it on a per-file basis).
Hello, if George or somebody else has time to review this pr https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/34477 it would be greatly appreciated.
I just threw this together for a project I'm working on, but I would be happy to clean this up and make a proper pull request if the Rails team is open to the idea. There's a fair amount of people requesting this feature <a href="https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/31419" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" onmousedown="this.href='https://www.google.com/url?q\x3dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frails%2Frails%2Fissues%2F31419\x26sa\x3dD\x26sntz\x3d1\x26usg\x3dAFQjCNElnbgw_As5Yrk4o9ggJ92U8mRzRQ';return true;" onclick="this.href='https://www.google.com/url?q\x3dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frails%2Frails%2Fissues%2F31419\x26sa\x3dD\x26sntz\x3d1\x26usg\x3dAFQjCNElnbgw_As5Yrk4o9ggJ92U8mRzRQ';return true;">https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/31419 some of the solutions in this issue are directly linking to the service files, but streaming would keep the service provider abstracted away while also allowing for proper CDN caching.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected].
Visit this group at <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" onmousedown="this.href='https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core';return true;" onclick="this.href='https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core';return true;">https://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core.
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How do my expectations about a task influence how motivated I am to perform the task well? According to Vroom, there are three types of expectations that influence motivation: 1) Expectancy, 2) Instrumentality, and 3) Valence. These three influence if and how much effort we put into a task and our perceived probability of success. It affects all the choices we make.
Expectancy is the perceived probability that effort will lead to a good performance. Logically, this perception is influenced by our belief in our abilities to perform tasks in general (self-efficacy), the difficulty of the task and our perception of the amount of control we can exercise on reaching the outcome.
Instrumentality describes our perception on how likely it is that our performance leads to desired outcomes, like recognition from others, a reward, or a sense of accomplishment. There is an element of trust related to this expectation, as some outcomes might come from within ourselves, but others are provided by other people in our environment. Do we trust good performance will be rewarded?
Finally, valence is what we expect will be the value of the outcomes to us. If positive, logically, we are likely to put in the effort and perform the task, if negative we will avoid it, and if neutral we are indifferent.
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0.958444 |
What do millennial sales reps learn from their boomer colleagues?
I think if you go back to the selling essentials and you say "All right, here are some things that are always going to be. Thing Number One: People buy from people they like. It's always going to be that way. People don’t buy from people they don't like. It's always going to be that way. That "first impression" piece still exists. We make our first impression on somebody in 30 seconds. We've always done that.
The baby boomers understood that pretty well; the Gen Xers understood that pretty well. And I think they can blend that expertise of good engagement [and communicate it] to the millennials.
Presentation skills are a big deal. If I'm a skilled presenter … I think it's important that [a baby boomer or Gen Xer] can teach the art of communication as it relates to personal relationships. As baby boomers, we like to work more one on one, more personally, whether it's a phone call or whether it’s a physical presentation.
We, as boomers, get that better.
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Describe five ways you can set the stage for effectively Gathering patient information - 5838032... Doesn't necessarily describe the audience layout, which can be easily reconfigured.The stage can be defined by a change of flooring (e.g. black dance floor), or a raised platform. If actors leave the stage, they do so through gaps in the curtains.
Understanding the elements of change, the stages of change, and ways to work through each stage can help you achieve your goals. The Elements of Change To succeed, you need to understand the three most important elements in changing a behavior:... Shakespeare's Globe Theatre The Globe Theatre was constructed in 1599, out of timber taken from the Theatre. It stood next to the Rose, on the south side of the Thames, and was the most elaborate and attractive theatre yet built.
Describe 5 ways you can set the stage for effectively gathering patient information. Selected Answer: 1) Listen attentively and stay centered on the conversation.
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Situated on the Las Vegas Strip is the Hilton Grand Vacations Suites which occupies a 10 acre site at the northern end. The studios and bedroom suites of the hotel offers luxury and convenience to both leisure and business travelers.
The hotel is located at a very short distance from the Las Vegas Convention center and is convenient to approach from the freeway I-15. From this hotel, it is also easier to access the nearby shopping mall, the Fashion show Mall and other premium outlets of Las Vegas.
The hotel is situated only five miles from the McCarran International Airport, the Executive Air Terminal of Las Vegas and the Signature Flight support which makes the Hilton Grand Las Vegas Vacations suites the perfect place to stay. There are a lot of activities which can be pursued and you have a lot of options for entertainment. There are also other area attractions like the Lake Mead, Hoover Dam, Grand Canyon and Red Rock along with other shows and restaurants. The full service concierge staff of the hotel would ensure that your trip to Las Vegas is made memorable and unforgettable to you.
The Hilton Grand Vacations Suites in Las Vegas also has the Grand Vacation Spa. The list of amenities in the spa is endless which include luxurious lounge for relaxation, steam rooms, six treatment rooms. The list of treatments offered is also endless including the therapeutic massages, pedicures, manicures, aromatic facials and treatments to restore the body. You should spend some time at the spa to rejuvenate yourself.
It would be better to fix up a prior appointment in order to get yourself the preferred time.
• An elegant and luxurious non-gaming hotel resort.
• The bedroom suites, both one and two, have fully equipped kitchen, living and dining rooms, theatre sound system and luxurious suites with soaking tubs.
• Whirlpool spa and a heated pool outdoors.
• Grill and gift shop, seasonal pool bar and on-site deli restaurant.
• Fitness center which is complimentary.
• Boardroom and conference halls for functions involving small group of people.
• Concierge service for dining reservations, local tours and show tickets.
• 2 bedroom suite: 2 king beds, one queen sofa sleeper, kitchen, TV, DVD player, theatre sound system, soaking tubs.
• 1 bedroom suite: 1 king bed, one queen sofa sleeper, kitchen, TV, DVD player, theatre sound system, soaking tubs.
• Studio: 1 king bed, microwave oven, wet bar, cable TV and DVD player.
• Starbucks coffee served at on-site deli.
• Patio dining area with barbeque grill on the poolside.
• Hair dryer, ironing board, iron, coffee maker, microwave oven, wet bar and housekeeping is included in all accommodations.
The perfect mixture of the hospitality of Las Vegas and the accommodations of a family resort can be found in the Hilton Grand Vacations Suites in Las Vegas. Once you have stayed in the hotel, you wouldn’t want to leave the place and you will come back again for sure.
Being the perfect destination, the resort has studios which are well appointed, furnished gracefully with King size Dream serta mattresses from Hilton Suite, wet bar, DVD player, microwave, toaster, coffee maker, dishes, ironing board with iron, utensils, dryer, complimentary wireless HSIA and housekeeping on a daily basis.
• Availability of Wireless High speed internet access.
• Fitness centre which is complimentary.
• The Grand Vacation spa where you need to fix an appointment.
• Fully equipped kitchen, living and dining rooms in the suites.
• Travelers from US Central Government.
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Yes you may. You may sue the drunk driver for compensatory damages, which includes medical expenses in the past and future, lost wages in the past and future, as well as pain and suffering in the past and future. You may also attempt to amend your lawsuit to sue the person for punitive damages, which are punishment damages, designed to deter future behavior by other people that act similarly.
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0.998886 |
Yes, your profile is approved but please do update the all-caps text on your profile.
Yes, your profile has been approved you will only need to chose one of our membership plans by going to Settings > Membership & Connects.
is my account approved also?
Indeed it has been approved and I can see you've already submitted your first proposal. Happy Upworking!
No email send to me to know if am i accepted or not ?? how could I know the result ??
Your profile will be reviewed by the team as soon as possible, and you will receive a notification regarding the status upon completion of the review. Thank you so much for your patience.
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Home »Afghanistan»Afghanistan 2024: What is the future of war in Afghanistan?
After handing over of the security of Afghanistan to Afghan forces in December 2014, the UN-led transition period (2001-2014) officially came to an end and Afghanistan moved to an Afghan-led transformation decade (2015-2024).
In February 2018, President Ghani offered a ceasefire, prisoner release and recognition of the Taliban as a legitimate political party to encourage the group to engage in peace talks; however, the Taliban did not show any response and the group has been continuing its fight in Afghanistan.
Having no response received from the group, the Afghan Government has threatened the Taliban with closure of its office in Doha if no progress is made in peace talks.
Since a quick resolution is not likely in the near future, the war in Afghanistan will continue until the Taliban (and all other Taliban-affiliated insurgent groups) and the Afghan government (with the mediation of regional and international players) compromise on each other’s terms and agree to peace talks.
Despite overwhelming threats by insurgent groups in Afghanistan, President Ghani seems very optimistic with Trump’s new commitment and its Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA) to win the war and protect Afghanistan against any internal and external threats until 2024 and beyond.
In May 2012, one year after the killing of Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan, the US and its allies endorsed an exit strategy in Chicago Summit to handover the security of Afghanistan to Afghan forces . In December 2014, after thirteen years of intense war against terror, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) officially handed over the security of Afghanistan to the Afghan Police and Army. Today, 14,000 U.S. forces and 6,635 soldiers from 39 the NATO-Allied countries are left in Afghanistan to train and assist the Afghan forces . Soon after the transfer of security responsibility to Afghan forces, a former Taliban commander in south-west of Afghanistan declared his allegiance to Islamic State (Daesh) and began recruiting fighters in Southeast and West provinces of Afghanistan . Since then, Daesh and Taliban groups have increased their operations in Afghanistan and together they have gained full control/influence over 13 percent of Afghan districts, equaling to 12 percent of Afghanistan’s total population . The author predicts Afghanistan’s security in 2024, and conclude that the war in Afghanistan will continue in 2020s until the Afghan government and insurgent groups accept each other’s terms and share power among them.
In 2001, Hamid Karzai assumed office to move Afghanistan from the UN-led transition period (2001-2014) to an Afghan-led transformation decade (2014-2024). During the transition period, the United Nations was responsible for assisting Afghanistan to rebuild its economy, political and social institutions and infrastructures, which were all destroyed during the internal war of 1990s. The US, NATO, and the coalition forces, which comprised the International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF), took the responsibility for arming, training and leading Afghan forces during the transition period. The transformation decade, which has begun early in 2015, seeks to rebuild Afghanistan and ensure its goal of being a “functional, stable and durable state” .
In December 28th, 2014, the US and NATO forces formally brought an end to their combat operation in Afghanistan. Today, the role of U.S. and allied forces are limited to train and support the Afghan Police and Army . Since the Afghan forces are poorly armed and ill-trained, they have suffered record casualties in the absence of the US and the coalition ground support. At the end of 2017, the UN has recorded 23,744 security-related incidents in Afghanistan. As a result, 10,453 Afghan civilians lost their lives or suffered from injuries . Additionally, brain drains and refugee arrivals by millions, opium production of 9,000 tones yearly, corruption, discrimination and lack of rule of law and human rights have been in increase since 2014. Perhaps, a peace deal with the notorious warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar on his return to Kabul in May 2017 is the only achievement of the Afghan Unity Government that can be named here.
Afghanistan has the highest concentration of terrorist groups compared to anywhere else in the world. Soon after the US-NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014, more than 20 regional and international terrorist groups filled the vacuum and increased their operations throughout the country . For example, from the early-2015, Daesh Khorosan Province has been continuously threatening the security of Afghanistan and its national interests. Since gaining a foothold in Afghanistan, Daesh fighters are heavily involved in kidnapping and hanging Afghan civilians, beheading and killing Afghan soldiers and burning down historical places and sacred shrines in south, east and northern provinces of Afghanistan.
According to the Afghan National Security Advisor Hanif Atmar, Daesh Khorosan aims “to unify the whole region into one province under the name of Khurasan Caliphate.” [3, 9]. According to Atmar, Taliban and Daesh together with East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), which is trying to “enter into China through northern parts of Afghanistan”; Ansarullah Group which “wants to enter Tajikistan”; the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) which tries to “enter Uzbekistan and then Russia”; and Lashkar e Tayyiba (LeT) which wants to “enter Kashmir through northeastern areas of Afghanistan” are continuously threatening the security of Afghanistan and the whole region .
The Haqqani Network is another ruthless terrorist group which has been in war against the Afghan Government for over 40 years. Headquartered in Waziristan of Pakistan with a strength of 4,000 to 15,000 fighters from Arab countries, Pakistanis, Afghans, Chechen and other Al-Qaeda recruits, the Haqqani Network carries out the most brutal attacks targeting high-ranked officials, Afghan and the NATO troops, foreign offices and foreign aid workers, and supplies recruits and materials for other insurgent groups in Afghanistan . The truck bomb explosion in May 2017 near the German Embassy, killing over 150 and injuring 413 people, is one of the many examples of terrorist attacks carried out by the Haqqani Network across Afghanistan .
Overall, the Taliban-affiliated insurgent groups have control over 13 percent of Afghanistan’s districts, equaling 13 percent of its total population, and contesting over 30 percent of its districts, equaling 24 percent of its total populations .
Source: SIGAR’s January 2018 Report.
In February 28th, 2018, at the Second Kabul Process for Peace and Security Cooperation, President Ghani offered unconditional peace talks to the Taliban and asked the group to renounce violence, accept the rule of law, and enter into fruitful peace negotiations. President Ghani’s offer to the Taliban also included the release of Taliban prisoners, passports and visas for their members, and removal of sanctions imposed on their leaders . While these offers fulfil the Taliban’s previous demands for peace talks, the group has not made any clear response to Afghan Government except releasing a statement saying our leadership is “studying the proposal.”.
Perhaps the main obstacle to peace talk is the presence of the U.S. and its allied forces in Afghanistan. The Taliban considers Afghanistan an occupied country and, as declared by its deceased leader Mullah Mohammad Omar, they will continue their fight until they defeat the US-Allied forces and free the country from the occupation of the Western imperialism . Therefore, it is highly likely that the Taliban will not show any interest in peace talks until the U.S. and NATO forces have fully withdrawn from Afghanistan.
Despite many efforts had been made by Karzai and Ghani Administrations, the Taliban never announced its willingness to talk with the Afghan government and continuously labelled the Kabul administration a “puppet” of the United States. While President Ghani made many trips to Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China and other neighbouring countries to seek their support for peace, his Chief Executive Dr. Abdullah Abdullah has continuously raised his concerns that his Tajik Jamiat Party has been marginalized from the process. Similar concerns have been raised by the Hazara Mohammad Mohaqqeq, Dr. Abdullah’s Deputy, and Uzbek Rashid Dustum, Vice President. As a result of ambiguity in peace talk process among the Afghan politicians, Taliban became more frustrated and the Group has been increasing their operations throughout Afghanistan.
While peace talks with the Taliban Group stalled repetitively, in September 2016 the Ghani Administration succeeded in signing a peace deal with Hezb-e Islami (Islamic party) led by notorious warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. The peace deal became possible when Hekmatyar dropped his pre-condition of full withdrawal of the U.S.-NATO forces and entered into a ceasefire with Afghan government. In return, the Afghan government gave him amnesty from his past crimes, removed his name from the UN’s sanction list, and released prisoners linked to Hekmatyar’s Islamic Party. The Taliban-affiliated Islamic Party was involved in many mass-killing and terrorist activities in the 1990s and post-2001 Afghanistan.
While President Ghani considers the peace deal a successful achievement, many believe that Hekmatyar had already lost obedience from the party. Before entering into a deal, many Party members already become part of the state with shares of political power and resources, and the rest had long away moved from the “ideological slogans of the Jihad era” or had been killed by the US-Afghan forces .
Secondly, Hekmatyar became too old to continue the fight and remain hiding in his caves from the Afghan forces and U.S.-NATO radar. With the increasing numbers of drone attacks and Afghan National Army’s (ANA) search capability, the chances of him being targeted like Al-Qaida and Taliban leaders became very high in recent years. Thus, Hekmatyar was left with no choice but to enter in a peace deal with the Afghan Government.
Overall, evidence shows that the peace deal with Hekmatyar did not bring any changes to security of Afghanistan. Instead, his presence in Kabul brought more uncertainty and ethnic tension than peace. While his anti-Massoud remark increased tensions among Tajik’s Jamiat Party, Hekmatyar was also defamed by Afghan people for his remark on “Ethnic War” in Afghanistan or calling suicide attacks Istishhadi raids (martyrdom) [16, 17]. In addition to ethnic tensions, security had been getting worse as well. Only from September to November 2017, the UN recorded 3,995 security incidents, with an average of 64 incident per day. Overall, 2017 recorded one of the worst years with highest numbers of security incidents.
One month after President Ghani’s unconditional peace offer to the Taliban, the National Security Adviser Mohammad Hanif Atmar revealed ties between regional countries and the Taliban and mentioned “there are actors in the region that draw a distinction between good and bad terrorists. And unfortunately, another sign of that breakdown of consensus is that we all agreed to have state to state relations for counterterrorism, but there are those who look at state to non-state actor’s relations for counterterrorism with serious implications for all of us.” .
Hanif Atmar categorised terrorist groups into four and mentioned that the Afghan forces are not only fighting the Taliban and the Haqqani Network, they fight against international terrorist groups such as Al-Qaida and Daesh, regional terrorist groups such as Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) from Central Asia and China, and Pakistani terrorists such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Pakistani Taliban (TTP) and Jaish-e-Mohammed groups. According to Atmar, “all these four categories, the Afghans, the global, the regional and the Pakistanis [terrorist groups] have some biotic relationships among themselves.” .
While the Afghan government seems very optimistic about the Trump’s Afghanistan policy, “there is a very difficult set of facts on the ground that cannot be ignored.” . According to General John Nicholson, Commander of Resolute Support Mission/U.S. Forces Afghanistan, “Russia is now meddling in Afghanistan in an apparent attempt to prop up the Taliban and undermine the United States”, “Iran is reportedly arming and funding the Taliban”, and numerous terrorist groups still operate within Pakistan, attack its neighbors [Afghanistan], and kill U.S. forces.” . Considering the ground reality, achievement in Afghanistan is immeasurably difficult, if not impossible, as long as its neighbours and regional and international powerbrokers do not show a real and true commitment to Afghanistan’s peace.
The war in Afghanistan has been tremendously painful for other nations as well, especially the U.S. and its allies, and regional countries. From 2001 to 2017, 2,357 U.S. soldiers and 3,401 U.S. contractors have been killed in Afghanistan and 20,289 U.S. were wounded [4, 20]. The United States has spent US$ 840.7 billion in in the last 17 years of war in Afghanistan. Excluding the U.S. contractors’ data, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (CIGAR)’s total cost of the U.S. aid to Afghanistan through 2017 is US$122.09 billion . According to the Afghan National Security Advisor, currently, the US spends US$12 million daily to fight terrorism in Afghanistan . Compared to NATO and other regional players, the U.S. spends more than 4 times the amount of China, 10 times that of Russia and 10 times that of NATO (France, Germany and the UK) in the war against terror, including Afghanistan war .
The power vacuum created in 2014-2017 provided the Taliban an opportunity to increase its operations up to 70 percent in Afghanistan and quickly gain control of 45 percent of its districts . Daesh Khorosan is present in 30 districts and carrying out deadly attacks throughout the country, targeting mainly the Shia Hazaras. While President Ghani offered unconditional offers of peace talk, the Taliban have shown no interest in peace. The Afghan government has recently threatened the Taliban that it will pursue with the Qatari authorities to close the Taliban office in Doha if the office is not facilitating the peace talks .
The government of Afghanistan is still optimistic about the future of its country and its relationship with the United States. The Ghani administration relies heavily on the Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA) with Washington committing to protecting Afghanistan against any internal and external threats until 2024 and beyond. The BSA was signed in September 2014 and the U.S. is committed to continuing its economic support, keeping its soldiers in the country to train and assisting the Afghan security forces. Following Trump’s announcement of his Afghanistan policy in August 2017, the possibility of the U.S. further increasing its forces from current 14,000 soldiers in Afghanistan is highly likely in 2018/19.
Finally, seeing the ground reality Afghanistan, the war in Afghanistan will continue beyond the transformation decade, 2024. Even if the Taliban accepts President Ghani’s peace offer, the Haqqani Network, Daesh Khorosan and dozen other terrorist groups are wildly waiting in the line to replace Taliban overnight. Therefore, the war in Afghanistan will continue until the Taliban, Daesh, the Haqqani Network and all major insurgent groups, through the mediations of major regional players such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Russia and China, are convinced to join the peace talks.
Spetalnick, M. and M. Ryan. NATO sets “irreversible” but risky course to end Afghan war. 2012 [cited 2018 May 20, 2018]; Available from: http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE84J02C20120521?sp=true.
NATO, Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures. 2017, North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Brussels, Belgium.
Loyn, D. Islamic State ‘recruiting Afghan fighters’. 2015 [cited 2018 May 22, 2018]; Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30777565.
CIGAR, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (CIGAR): Quarterly Report to the United States Congress. 2018, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (CIGAR): Department of Defence: Arlington, VA.
Dudgeon, I., Afghanistan—transition to transformation. 2014, The Australian Strategic Policy Institute: Canberra, Australia.
Domínguez, G. What can NATO’s new Afghanistan mission achieve? 2015 [cited 2018 May 22, 2018]; Available from: http://www.dw.de/what-can-natos-new-afghanistan-mission-achieve/a-18173869.
UNAMA, The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security, in Report of the Secretary-General. 2018, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan: Kabul, Afghanistan.
Hearing to receive testimony on the situation in Afghanistan, in Committee on Armed Services: United States Senate. 2017, Alderson Court Reporting: Washington, D.C.
Soadat, S. Daesh Poses Serious Threat to Afghanistan: Atmar. 2015 [cited 2018 May 22]; Available from: http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/19390-daesh-poses-serious-threat-to-afghanistan-atmar.
Haqqani Network. 2018, Stanford University: Stanford, California.
Mashal, M., F. Abed, and J. Sukhanyar. Deadly Bombing in Kabul Is One of the Afghan War’s Worst Strikes. 2017 [cited 2018 May 20].
Kumar, R. President Ghani offers ‘unconditional’ peace talks to the Taliban. Asia Times 2018 [cited 2018 May 22]; Available from: http://www.atimes.com/article/president-ghani-offers-unconditional-peace-talks-taliban/.
Hassan, Y.-u., Fruitless or a Breakthrough? Making Sense of Ashraf Ghani’s Peace Offer to the Taliban. 2018, The Diplomat: James Pach: Tokyo, Japan.
Cordesman, A.H., Negotiating with the Taliban: Six Critical Conditions that Must Be Met to Avoid Another “Peace to End All Peace”, in CSIS. 2012, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS): Washington, DC. p. 5.
Osman, B., Charismatic, Absolutist, Divisive: Hekmatyar and the impact of his return. 2017, Afghanistan Analysts Network: Kabul, Afghanistan.
Shaheed, A. Defense Ministry Dismisses Hekmatyar’s Comments On ‘Ethnic’ War. TOLONews 2018 [cited 2018 May 22]; Available from: https://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/defense-ministry-dismisses-hekmatyar’s-comments-‘ethnic’-war.
Ariana. Hekmatyar Describes Suicide Attacks as Holy Islamic Act. Ariana News 2018; Available from: https://ariananews.af/hekmatyar-describes-suicide-raids-as-martyrdom-operations-in-sacred-causes/.
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Searching for the best 0% balance transfer credit cards? You'll probably have noticed that it's getting pretty competitive out there, with lots of great deals on offer. However, transferring debt onto a new piece of plastic doesn't come without its pitfalls.
Transferring a balance can be a great way to repay debt more efficiently. Even though there will be a balance transfer fee (typically around 3% of the amount you are transferring), the savings you can make should far outweigh this one-off charge.
But, before applying for that shiny new 0% balance transfer credit card, you need to ask: "where do I want my debt to be in a year's time?"
If you transfer a balance and only make the minimum payment each month, you will be making bigger inroads into your debt than on a standard credit card. However, you should really aim to repay over and above the minimum to make the very most of the 0% rate.
Lenders can offer such good balance transfer deals because they know that a lot of people won't clear their debt before the end of the 0% period. Once the introductory balance transfer period ends, your debt goes on to the lender's standard rate of interest – this can be around the 19% mark, or higher!
Start by doing a quick calculation to see how much you will need to pay each month in order to clear the debt before the 0% period comes to an end – divide the balance by the length of the 0% term, and voila! Set up a Standing Order for this amount, or if this is a bit out of your budget, start by arranging to pay as much as you can afford each month. If you're not going to be able to repay the full amount, be ready to transfer the balance again at the end of the deal.
If you have been moving your debt around various 0% balance transfer cards for a few years, consider taking out a personal loan.
But, be sure you can commit to and afford the monthly repayments. The loan payment is going to be higher than making the minimum repayment on your credit card, but it will be worth it in the long run as the debt will be gone at the end of the term.
Make sure you destroy and close old cards to avoid letting new debt into your life, and never use your balance transfer card to make purchases, as this will just add to your debt.
Some of the big credit card providers offer several cards under different names, so it isn't always obvious that they're provided by the same bank.
It may not be possible to transfer a balance if the credit card being transferred from, and the new card you are transferring to, are both provided by the same lender.
A good example of this is Halifax and Bank of Scotland – both cards are provided by Bank of Scotland, so you can't transfer balances between them.
Find out who your credit card is provided by.
When applying for a 0% balance transfer credit card, you are doing something quite dangerous – you're adding another card to your wallet or purse.
Instead of only spending a certain amount on your cards, you could be tempted to spend a bit more due to the addition of another borrowing limit.
Cut up any cards that you don't want to spend on.
Close any credit card accounts you don't have balances on.
As well as removing temptation to spend on the account, this has another purpose. When being assessed for new credit, such as a mortgage, some lenders may take into account the amount of potential debt you could have, not just the amount of debt you actually have.
Reduce credit limits on any remaining credit cards.
One argument against reducing a credit limit is that you might need it in an emergency. Tot up all the available credit you have - it's easy for this to run into several thousands of pounds - would all of this be needed in an emergency? If not, reduce the limit!
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Is éard atá i meiningíteas ná foirm chliniciúil ar ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil i gcorp an duine, ar galar tromchúiseach tógálach é de bharr galar meiningeacocúil le tarchur an phataigin san aer. Tá an mhinicíocht galar meiningeacocúil íseal, ach gach bliain bíonn cásanna ionfhabhtaithe i dtíortha éagsúla. Tá leanaí agus daoine óga níos íogaire maidir le meiningeacoccus.
Tá cásanna meiningíteas le fáil i ngach tír. Tá an mhinicíocht níos airde i dtíortha na hAfraice, ós rud é go gcuireann aeráid thear le hionfhabhtú a scaipeadh. Tá an mhinicíocht níos airde i dtréimhse an earraigh-an gheimhridh, a bhaineann le lagú an choirp dhaonna i gcoinne cúlra iontógáil laghdaithe vitimíní isteach ann. Tá leanaí, idir óg agus aosta, níos so-ghabhálacha maidir le hionfhabhtú, toisc go bhfuil a gcóras imdhíonachta níos laige i gcoinne meiningeacocci. Is é an t-ionfhabhtú ach an duine (ionfhabhtú antraipeónach), is é an bealach tarchuir meiningeacocci aerbheirthe, agus scaoiltear isteach sa chomhshaol iad leis na braoiníní is lú de mhúcas (aerasóil) nuair a bhíonn siad ag sraothartach agus ag caint. Ansin, nuair a ionanálfaidh duine sláintiúil an t-aerasól, tarlaíonn sé a ionfhabhtú. I dtéarmaí eipidéimeolaíocha, is é an baol is mó ná daoine a bhfuil ionfhabhtú agus baictéir meiningeacocúla asymptómacha orthu a dhéanann an pataigin a sceitheadh go gníomhach sa timpeallacht.
Villi beag ar dhromchla na cille baictéarach - cuireann sé lena cheangaltán (greamaitheacht) le cealla an scannáin mhúcasaigh sa chonair riospráide uachtarach agus nasopharynx.
Is coimpléasc lipopolysaccharide é endotoxin atá i mballa cille meiningeacocci agus a scaoiltear le linn a bháis. Is é seo an príomhfhachtóir pataigineach atá ag gníomhaire cúisitheach an ionfhabhtaithe meiningeacocúil, a chruthaíonn roinnt éifeachtaí - sárú ar théachtadh fola, laghdú ar an ton soithíoch (laghdú ar bhrú artaireach sistéamach), éifeacht íograithe le frithghníomhú ailléirgeach, méadú ar theocht an choirp (airíonna pirigineach). Tá endotoxin i meiningeacocci arís agus arís eile níos láidre ná an tsubstaint chosúil atá ag cineálacha eile baictéir.
Capsúl - clúdaíonn sé cealla na mbaictéar, cuireann sé cosc ar a gcuid fagaicítí (sciúradh) sa chóras imdhíonachta (macrophages), agus tá an cumas aige freagra imdhíonachta an choirp a chosc mar fhreagairt ar ionfhabhtú.
Briseann an einsím hyaluronidase, a tháirgeann cealla baictéir na meiningeacocas, móilíní an spáis idircheallaigh d'fhíocháin an duine agus cuireann sé leathadh an ionfhabhtaithe chun cinn.
De réir láithreacht antaiginí áirithe ar an mballa cille, roinntear meiningeacocci i roinnt grúpaí sraolaíocha - A, B agus C. Is é an grúpa is mó pataigineach ná grúpa A, a fhorbraíonn, nuair a bhíonn sé ionfhabhtaithe, dianchúrsa ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil.
Nasopharyngitis meiningeacocúil - déantar baictéir a logánú i gciseal fo-mhúcasach an tsrón agus an pharynx, ag cruthú imoibrithe athlastacha áitiúla ann. Ag an am céanna, déanann macrophages baictéir a ghabháil go gníomhach, ach mar gheall ar chapsúl a bheith ann, ní scriostar iad, ach coinníonn siad a n-inmharthanacht.
Meiningíteas (meningoencephalitis) - an pataigin trí phoill na cnáimhe eitmoidí nó perineural (trí sheatháin na néaróg) téann sé isteach sna truaillí san inchinn le forbairt athlasadh purulent iontu.
Meiningeacocsaic - ag fáil meiningeacoccus san fhuil ón áit ina bhfuil a logánú príomhúil (nasopharynx) nó tánaisteach (scannán inchinne), le meisce tromchúiseach ginearálta a fhorbairt, siondróm téachta intraascánach scaipthe (DIC) agus teip thromchúiseach ilchultúir. Tugtar ginearálú an phróisis ar a mhalairt den chúrsa i meicníocht an ionfhabhtaithe agus d'fhéadfadh deacrachtaí tromchúiseacha agus fiú bás a bheith mar thoradh air.
Go ginearálta, is trí airíonna an phataigine, an ghrúpa shéireolaíoch de mheiningeacoccus a shocraítear pathogenesis an ionfhabhtaithe meiningeacocúil (eascraíonn dianchúrsa paiteolaíochta níos minice as grúpa A) agus as cumais chosanta an orgánaigh ionfhabhtaithe. I ndaoine fásta a bhfuil dóthain gníomhaíochta feidhmiúla acu sa chóras imdhíonachta, bíonn ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil níos minice i bhfoirm nasopharyngitis nó bacteriocarrier. I leanaí agus daoine lagtha, tá meiningíteas nó meiningeacocéime níos coitianta.
Is é fad na tréimhse goir le haghaidh ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil ná 5-6 lá (níos lú ná 10 lá chomh minic). Braitheann léiriúcháin an ghalair ar chineál pataigineach an ionfhabhtuithe meiningeacocúil, tá roinnt cineálacha den phróiseas tógálach - baictéacairierier agus asymptómach, meiningeacóideach meiningeacocúil, meiningíteas, meiningeacocéime agus an fhoirm chomhcheangailte.
Tá an fhoirm chliniciúil seo mar thréith ag meiningeacoccus i gcorp an duine (i gciseal múcasach agus fo-mhuisíneach na nasopharynx) gan aon léiriú cliniciúil. Uaireanta ag am teagmhála meiningeacocúil le cuas na sróine agus le cógaisíocht, d'fhéadfadh míchompord beag teacht chun cinn i bhfoirm toitíní iontu, a théann go neamhspleách.
Is iad na siomptóim atá ag an bhfoirm chliniciúil seo ná go bhfuil cineálacha áitiúla le sonrú i bhfoirm srón runny, urscaoileadh múcasach nó purulent ón srón, agus tolladh sa scornach. Le cúrsa níos déine de nasopharyngitis, méadú ar teocht an choirp suas le 38 ° C agus laige ghinearálta agus pianta beaga sna matáin agus sna hailt, a mhaireann ar feadh thart ar 3 lá, páirt a ghlacadh. Go ginearálta, is féidir le nasopharyngitis fanacht suas le seachtain, agus tarlaíonn an téarnamh nó an t-aistriú go dtí baictéarbhacón ansin. I gcás díolúine dhaonna laghdaithe, forbraítear ionfhabhtú go foirmeacha cliniciúla níos déine.
An galar a thosú go tobann le fiabhras suas go 39-40º C.
Tinneas cinn dian leanúnach ó chéad lá an ghalair, atá tromaithe ag spreagthaí éagsúla - fuaim ard, solas.
Hipiréiseas - níos mó íogaireachta craicinn.
Urlacan arís agus arís eile, atá mar thoradh ar greannú lárionad urlacan an medulla oblongata.
Comharthaí greannú seicní na n-inchinn (comharthaí mealltacha) - stiffness matáin an mhuiníl, a chinntear de réir a n-aghaidh agus iad ag iarraidh an ceann a chur ar aghaidh, tinneas cinn méadaithe nuair a bhíonn na cosa ag ardú agus ag lúbadh suas sa suíomh supine (siomtóm teannais na seicní i gcorda an dromlaigh).
Is féidir le neamhoird comhfhiosachta, go dtí go gcailltear é agus nuair a fhorbraítear é, forbairt go gasta, laistigh de chúpla lá tar éis don ghalar tosú.
Go ginearálta, athraíonn fad na foirme cliniciúla seo d'ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil, ar an meán, go bhfuil sé thart ar sheachtain, faoi réir ag bearta teiripeacha gníomhacha a chur i bhfeidhm.
Is malairtí níos déine é seo ar chúrsa an ghalair, ina dtarlaíonn comhfhorbairt meiningíteas agus meiningeacocéime go minic.
Tús tapa an ghalair le teocht ard an choirp, sceallóga agus comharthaí dochracha na meisce ginearálta (laige ginearálta, easpa goile, matáin agus siúntaí atá ag brú).
Tá cuma tinneas cinn idirleata (idirleata) le urlacan tréimhsiúil (tá comharthaí greannú líneála na hinchinne le linn meiningeacéime) as láthair).
Ráta croí méadaithe, ar féidir leis laghdú ar bhrú fola a bheith ag gabháil leis.
An chuma atá ar an mbré meiningeacocúil tréithiúil ar an gcraiceann - tá cuma na bpointí beaga dorcha uirthi i bhfoirm réalt-chruthach, a bhfuil cuma na gcéad eilimintí uirthi ar chraiceann dhromchla solúbtha na n-alt agus na bhfillte nádúrtha. Is saintréith de chuid meiningeacocéime é an siomtóim seo agus is comhartha é maidir le tús a chur le hidirghabhálacha teiripeacha práinneacha.
Is féidir le hurghabhálacha tonacha-clónacha a bheith in éineacht le corraíl síceamótair in aghaidh cúlra meisce ginearálta an choirp.
Tarlaíonn foirm neamhthipiciúil meiningeacoccemia gan gríos, rud a chuireann le diagnóis. Tá cineál meiningeacocéime ann, a bhforbraíonn a chomharthaí go léir go han-tapa agus ar feadh tamaill bhig forbraíonn siondróm DIC le hemorrhages sna horgáin inmheánacha agus leis an turraing tocsaineach-tocsaineach a bhfuil teip throm ar phlaisteach, laghdú leanúnach ar bhrú artaireach sistéamach. Le forbairt fulminant (fulminant) tá baol ard de thoradh marfach an ghalair, go háirithe san óige. Dá bhrí sin, is teagmhas an-tábhachtach é diagnóisiú agus cóireáil luath ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil.
Is féidir le turraing tocsaineach-tocsaineach (ITSH) agus DIC-Siondróm - forbairt mar gheall ar scaipeadh cuid mhór de endotoxin san fhuil, mar thoradh ar fhuiliú in orgáin éagsúla, sáruithe ar a ngníomhaíocht fheidhmiúil, nó fiú bás.
Siondróm Waterhouse-Frideriksen - tá laghdú comhleanúnach ar bhrú fola ag gabháil le neamhdhóthanacht ghéar adrenal, a tháirgeann roinnt hormóin.
Infarction miócairdiach - neacróis de chiseal matáin an chroí, forbraíonn a leithéid de dheacracht daoine scothaosta den chuid is mó.
Éidéime cheirbreach mar gheall ar meisce, agus ina dhiaidh sin dinging an medulla oblongata isteach sa chanáil dromlaigh.
Is casta go minic í an laghdú ar fhaisnéis, rud is cúis le meiningíteas aistrithe le hathlasadh purulent na seicní agus substaint na hinchinne.
Bodhaire mar gheall ar dhamáiste tocsaineach don néaróg éisteachta ag endotocsainí meiningeacocúla.
In éagmais cóireála, sroicheann ráta báis an ghalair 100%.
Is féidir aisghabháil chliniciúil iomlán gan deacrachtaí a fhorbairt le tús tráthúil agus leordhóthanach na cóireála ar ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil.
Éifeachtaí iarmharacha agus deacrachtaí i bhfoirm bodhaire, faisnéis laghdaithe, daille, hidriceifileas, urghabhálacha epileptic tréimhsiúla - toradh minic, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith fiú le tús tráthúil na cóireála.
Léiríonn leaganacha den sórt sin ar thoradh an ghalair a gcúrsa dian; dá bhrí sin, chun tús luath a chur le teiripe, is beart tábhachtach é diagnóis thráthúil.
Aimsítear baictioscópacht dhíreach (scrúdú micreascópach) smearadh daite as an mhúcóis nasopharyngeal nó as sreabhach cerebrospinal (sreabhach cerebrospinal) - aimsítear baictéir sféarúla, atá grúpáilte i mbeirteanna.
Scrúdú baictéareolaíoch - déantar ábhar bitheolaíoch (fuil, sreabhach ceirbreach, múcas ón nasopharynx) a shíoladh ar na meáin chothaitheacha speisialta chun cultúr miocrorgánach a shainaithint, a shainaithnítear ansin.
Déantar scrúdú diagachta ar fhuil chun antasubstaintí sonracha a bhrath i meiningeacocci i ndinimic, rud a léiríonn go bhfuil próiseas ionfhabhtaithe leanúnach ann i gcorp an duine.
Anailís chliniciúil ar fhuil agus ar fhual.
Hemogram chun méid na sáruithe sa chóras téachta fola a chinneadh.
Déantar anailís chliniciúil ar an sreabhach cerebrospinal - puncture (puncture) de na seicní inchinn ag leibhéal an dromlaigh lumbar chun sreabhach cerebrospinal a ghlacadh. Scrúdaítear meisciúla faoi mhicreascóp, is féidir meiningeacocci a aithint go díreach, líon na leukocytes a chomhaireamh (léiríonn a n-ábhar ard próiseas purulent), láithreacht próitéine agus a chomhchruinniú a chinneadh.
Tugann scrúdú uirlise (electrocardiogram, teicnící scrúdaithe ultrafhuaime, radagrafaicí na scamhóg agus an chinn) deis dúinn méid na n-athruithe struchtúracha sna horgáin chomhfhreagracha a aithint agus a chinneadh.
Úsáidtear na modhanna diagnóiseacha seo freisin chun monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar éifeachtacht idirghabhálacha teiripeacha.
Mar gheall ar dhéine an chúrsa, forbairt rialta deacrachtaí agus toradh dochrach ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil, ní dhéantar a chóireáil ach in ospidéal leighis. Le forbairt meiningíteas nó meiningeacéime, aistrítear duine chuig an aonad dianchúraim nó chuig an aonad dianchúraim, áit a bhfuil sé indéanta monatóireacht leanúnach a dhéanamh ar na táscairí ríthábhachtacha go léir maidir le feidhmiú na gcóras cardashoithíoch agus riospráide. I measc na mbeart teiripeach d'ionfhabhtuithe meiningeacocúla tá teiripe etiotropic, pataigineach agus siomptómach.
Tá meiningeacocci íogair do bheagnach gach gníomhairí antibacterial atá ina mbás. Chun iad a scriosadh, is minic a úsáidtear antaibheathaigh an ghrúpa peinicillin nó a n-analógacha leath-sintéiseacha ( amoxicillin ). Déantar cúram cúramach maidir le teiripe antaibheathach, úsáidtear an druga i ndosage nach ndéanann baictéir bás (gníomh baictéarach), ach stopann sé a bhfás agus a bhforbairt (gníomh bacteriostatic). Tá sé seo mar gheall ar an bhfíric go scaoiltear cuid mhór endotoxin nuair a bhásaíonn meiningeacocci sa chorp, rud a d'fhéadfadh turraing tocsaineach-tocsaineach a fhorbairt. Cinntear ré na teiripe antaibheathaigh de réir riocht cliniciúil an othair, ar an meán is 10 lá é, más gá nó nuair a bhíonn comharthaí leanúnacha ionfhabhtuithe meiningeacocúla á bhforbairt, leanann antaibheathaigh a úsáid.
Is é an príomhchuspóir atá leis an gcineál seo teiripe d'ionfhabhtuithe meiningeacocúla ná an comhlacht a dhíthocsainiú, tá sé le endoxoxins a cheangal agus a dhíothú. Chun na críche seo, úsáidtear réitigh le haghaidh riarachán infhéitheach - salanda, Reosorbilact (is sorbent é atá in ann endotoxin a cheangal), glúcós. Cuirtear na gníomhaíochtaí seo i gcrích i gcomhthéacs teiripe athruithe feidhmiúla sna horgáin inmheánacha agus san inchinn. I gcás éidéime cheirbreach a fhorbairt, déantar díhiodráitiú le cabhair ó dhé-eolaithe (diuretics). Déantar díhiodráitiú go cúramach, mar is féidir leis an meitil oblongata a chur isteach sa chanáil dromlaigh ina dhiaidh sin mar thoradh ar laghdú géar ar éidéime cheirbreach. Chun hemostasis (córas téachta fola) a normalú, faoi rialú saotharlainne (haemagram), úsáidtear gníomhairí heitéiticeacha (gníomhairí téachtadh fola).
Déantar an chóireáil seo chun déine na bpríomh-chomharthaí d'ionfhabhtú meiningeacocúil a laghdú. Úsáidtear drugaí frith-athlastacha, anailgéiseacha, frith-aimíteacha. Ar a shon féin, ní thagann feabhas ar staid na n-orgán inmheánach agus ar an gcóras lárnach mar thoradh ar theiripe shiomptómach, ach ní féidir ach leas suibiachtúil duine a fheabhsú.
Ag brath ar an bhfoirm chliniciúil, ar dhéine an ionfhabhtuithe meiningeacocúil, tá an meascán de dhrugaí agus cineálacha cur chuige teiripeacha difriúil.
Основным методом предотвращения развития заболевания является неспецифическая профилактика, включающая мероприятия по выявлению, изоляции и лечению больных. Также проводится санация (освобождение организма от возбудителей) людей с бессимптомным течением менингококковой инфекции или бактерионосителей. Специфическая профилактика заключается в экстренной вакцинации против менингококков группы А и С в случае значительного повышения уровня заболеваемости или эпидемии.
Актуальность менингококковой инфекции не потеряла свое значение и на сегодняшний день. Несмотря на использование современных методик диагностики, своевременное лечение с использованием антибиотиков, высоким остается уровень развития осложнений и смертности от этой инфекции, особенно при заболевании в детском возрасте.
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According to a report, farmers are demanding the right to fix their tractors. The report reminds us that owners of tractors aren't allowed to fix them, thanks to a set of laws designed to protect software intellectual property. The world's largest tractor maker, John Deere, in fact, says that people who purchase tractors don't really own them and instead they are getting an "implied license for the life of the vehicle to operate the vehicle." Some farmers are voicing their opinion against these laws. From the article: What this has meant is that tractor owners can't repair their own tractors -- and if they do, they're in violation of the DMCA. So, if a machine stops working, its owner can't pop the hood, run some tests, and find out what's going on; he or she is legally required to take the tractor to a service center (one owned by the manufacturer, since that's the only entity allowed to analyze the tractor's issues). This can be expensive and time-consuming, and more to the point, unnecessary -- at least according to farmers in several states, who are lobbying to force tractor manufacturers make their diagnostic tools available to independent repair shops and owners. Not everyone is on the farmers' side here; some, according to the Associated Press, are concerned that the move would reduce revenue to tractor manufacturers, potentially landing them in trouble. But the tractor owners disagree, annoyed that their tractors are treated differently from their cars and trucks, which can be serviced by any independent shop.
Stephanie Condon, writing for ZDNet: Government requests for user data from Google hit an all-time high in the second half of 2015, the internet company revealed on Monday. Through July to December 2015, governments from around the globe made 40,677 requests, impacting as many as 81,311 user accounts. That's an 18 percent spike from the first half of 2015, when government requests for data impacted 68,908 users. By far and away, the most requests came from the United States, which made 12,523 data requests for this reporting period. The requests impacted 27,157 users or accounts. Google reports the number of user data requests it has received every six-month period going as far back as the second half of 2009. It started detailing the number of users and/or accounts impacted in the first half of 2011. "Usage of our services have increased every year, and so have the user data request numbers," the company noted. Since the second half of 2010, Google has reported the percentage of user data requests it at least partially complies with. For the second half of 2015, the company produced at least some data for 64 percent of requests. That figure has been about the same since 2013, but it's been trending slightly downward. Google complied with 79 percent of requests from the United States.
tomhath quotes a report from Fool: Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer tried to emphasize the progress that the company has made. "We continue to make solid progress against our 2016 plan," Mayer said, and "in addition to our efforts to improve the operating business, our board has made great progress on strategic alternatives." The CEO argued that the results met or exceeded the company's own guidance. Yahoo! was able to post a revenue increase by changing the ways that it presents revenue related to its search agreement with Microsoft, and without that change, adjusted revenue of $1.055 billion was down 15% from the year-ago quarter. That was even worse than the 13% drop investors were expecting, and adjusted EBITDA fell by more than a third. That resulted in adjusted net earnings of $0.09 per share, missing the consensus forecast by a penny but also glossing over a $440 million net loss on a GAAP basis. The company took a $395 million goodwill impairment charge and an $87 million intangibles impairment charge related to its Tumblr unit, determining that the fair value of the division is less than the amount indicated on Yahoo!'s balance sheet. It was also revealed that Yahoo is writing down the value of its Tumblr acquisition by $482 million, citing lower projections for the social network's future performance, according to a report from CNNMoney. Last quarter, the company took a $230 million write-down on its Tumblr acquisition. Since Yahoo acquired Tumblr for $1.1 billion in 2013, Yahoo has written down more than half of its value.
An anonymous reader quotes a report from NDTV: The latest versions of Facebook's Android app now allow users to save videos for offline viewing. The video is saved inside the app in the 'Saved' section, and is not accessible independently to users. Facebook for Android is showing a 'Save video' option in the dropdown menu of a Facebook video post. The videos can be saved and viewed offline for as many times as the user desires and can also be deleted as per his/her wish. The company might not be willing to provide the video file independently to its users in order to encourage sharing over its own social media networking site, however, it is anybody's guess what the actual reason behind this decision is. It seems in line with what companies like Google have been doing with YouTube in developing nations like India, where a save for offline viewing option is present to combat mobile data woes. As per an Android Police report, the option to save videos is currently showing up in versions 85 and 86 (beta) of the Facebook for Android app.
MarkWhittington quotes a report from Blasting News: According to AFP, the Chung-shan Institute of Science and Technology in Taiwan is building a $47 million, 3.7 metric ton lunar lander on behalf of NASA. The vehicle is designed to carry a rover called Resource Prospector, which would roll about the lunar surface searching out deposits of oxygen, hydrogen, and water. The Resource Prospector mission is still being formulated but is envisioned to be a joint project with several national space agencies and commercial companies. The lunar lander is the first vehicle of its type to be built in Taiwan. "The Resource Prospector would take samples from about a meter beneath the lunar surface and then heat them in an oven to ascertain what the materials are that comprise it," reports Blasting News. The mission is part of the second stage to NASA's Journey to Mars program called "Proving Ground." "Should the Resource Prospector prove to be successful, the moon could be used as a base for space journeys into Mars," says Han Kuo-change, the head of CSIST's international cooperation program.
schwit1 writes: Astronomers have confirmed another 100 of Kepler's more than 3,000 candidate exoplanets. Phys.org reports: "One of the most interesting set of planets discovered in this study is a system of four potentially rocky planets, between 20 and 50 percent larger than Earth, orbiting a star less than half the size and with less light output than the Sun. Their orbital periods range from five-and-a-half to 24 days, and two of them may experience radiation levels from their star comparable to those on Earth. Despite their tight orbits -- closer than Mercury's orbit around the sun -- the possibility that life could arise on a planet around such a star cannot be ruled out, according to Crossfield." Because the host star as well as many of these other confirmed exoplanets are red dwarf stars, the possibility of life is reduced because the star and its system is likely to have a less rich mix of elements compared to our yellow G-type Sun. In May, Kepler added a record 1,284 confirmed planets, nine of which orbit in their sun's habitable zone.
An anonymous reader quotes a report from TechCrunch: Researchers in the Netherlands have created a microscopic storage system that encodes every bit with a single atom -- allowing them to fit a kilobyte in a space under 100 nanometers across. That translates to a storage density of about 500 terabits per square inch. For comparison, those 4-terabyte hard drives you can buy today are about 1 terabit per square inch. That's because, unlike this new system, they use hundreds or thousands of atoms to store a single bit. "Every bit consists of two positions on a surface of copper atoms, and one chlorine atom that we can slide back and forth between these two positions," explained Sander Otte, lead scientist at Delft University of Technology, in a news release. Because chlorine on copper forms into a perfectly square grid, it's easy (relatively, anyway) to position and read them. If the chlorine atom is up top, that's a 1; if it's at the bottom, that's a 0. Put 8 chlorine atoms in a row and they form a byte. The data the researchers chose to demonstrate this was a fragment of a Feynman lecture, "There's plenty of room at the bottom" (PDF) -- fittingly, about storing data at extremely small scales. (You can see a high-resolution image of the array here.) The chlorine-copper array is only stable in a clean vacuum and at 77 kelvin -- about the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Anything past that and heat will disrupt the organization of the atoms. The research was published today in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
An anonymous reader writes: Netflix released its earnings report (PDF) for the second quarter today, where it reported $1.97 billion in revenue and net income of $41 million. The company did however report only 1.54 million subscribers, which is below its projections of 2.5 million new subscribers. As a result, stock is down around 14 percent in after-hours trading. "Our global member forecast for Q2 was 2.5m and we came in at 1.7m. Gross additions were on target, but churn ticked up slightly and unexpectedly, coincident with the press coverage in early April of our plan to ungrandfather longer tenured members and remained elevated through the quarter," Netflix wrote. "We think some members perceived the news as an impending new price increase rather than the completion of two years of grandfathering." The company defended its price hikes, writing that "while ungrandfathering and associated media coverage may moderate near term membership growth, we believe that ungrandfathering will provide us with more revenue to invest in our content to satisfy members, thus driving longterm growth." In the past, Netflix gained 13 million new subscribers in 2014, and 17 million in 2015. Comcast will reportedly allow Netflix onto its X1 platform, which may entice more customers to the streaming service.
An anonymous reader writes from a report via Engadget: The Washington Post and Buzzfeed have sent robots to cover the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio. The Washington Post is using a telepresence robot from Double Robotics that consists of an iPad mounted on a Segway-like base. It's objective: to roam around the convention, streaming live on Periscope. Those viewing the stream will be able to ask questions of delegates, politicians and other figures who stumble upon the robot. BuzzFeed is using a robot called 'BuzzBot.' It's a Facebook chat bot that collects and caters news from the convention to users' messaging feeds. All you have to do is add the channel to your Messenger app and it will deliver news updates from BuzzFeed reporters. Specifically, it will collect reports from delegates, protesters and others in Cleveland. You have the option to send pictures and other info to BuzzBot, but it may ask you questions about your experience. The questions it asks will be different depending on your location. For example, if you live in Cleveland it will want to know what kind of impact the RNC is having on your daily life. Meanwhile, with roughly 50,000 attendees and likely millions of viewers watching across the country and abroad, the RNC is preparing for cyberattacks that aim to disrupt the network.
New submitter yzf750 quotes a report from ESPN: A federal judge sentenced the former scouting director of the St. Louis Cardinals [Christopher Correa] to nearly four years in prison Monday for hacking the Houston Astros' player personnel database and email system in an unusual case of high-tech cheating involving two Major League Baseball clubs. "The data breach was reported in June 2014 when Astros general manager Jeff Luhnow told reporters the team had been the victim of hackers who accessed servers and proceeded to publish online months of internal trade talks," reports ESPN. "Luhnow had previously worked for the Cardinals. The FBI said Correa was able to gain access using a password similar to that used by a Cardinals employee who 'had to turn over his Cardinals-owned laptop to Correa along with the laptop's password' when he was leaving for a job with the Astros in 2011. Prosecutors have said Correa in 2013 improperly downloaded a file of the Astros' scouting list of every eligible player for that year's draft. They say he also improperly viewed notes of trade discussions as well as a page that listed information such as potential bonus details, statistics and notes on recent performances and injuries by team prospects. Authorities say that after the Astros took security precautions involving [a database called Ground Control] following a Houston Chronicle story about the database, Correa was able to still get into it. Authorities say he hacked the email system and was able to view 118 pages of confidential information, including notes of trade discussions, player evaluations and a 2014 team draft board that had not yet been completed. Federal prosecutors say the hacking cost the Astros about $1.7 million, taking into account how Correa used the Astros' data to draft players. Christopher Correa had pleaded guilty in January to five counts of unauthorized access of a protected computer from 2013 to at least 2014, the same year he was promoted to director of baseball development in St. Louis. He was fired last summer and now faces 46 months behind bars and a court order to pay $279,038 in restitution. He had faced up to five years in prison on each count."
Trailrunner7 quotes a report from On the Wire: A security researcher has discovered a method that would have enabled fraudsters to steal thousands of dollars from Facebook, Microsoft, and Google by linking premium-rate numbers to various accounts as part of the two-step verification process. Arne Swinnen discovered the issue several months ago after looking at the way that several of these companies's services set up their two-step verification procedures. Facebook uses two-step verification for some of its services, including Instagram, and Google and Microsoft also employ it for some of their user accounts. Swinnen realized that the companies made a mistake in not checking to see whether the numbers that users supply as contact points are legitimate. "They all offer services to supply users with a token via a computer-voiced phone call, but neglected to properly verify whether supplied phone numbers were legitimate, non-premium numbers. This allowed a dedicated attacker to steal thousands of EUR/USD/GBP," Swinnen said in a post explaining the bug. "For services such as Instagram and Gmail, users can associate a phone number with their accounts," reports On the Wire. "In the case of Instagram, users can find other people by their phone number, and when a user adds a number, Instagram will send a text to verify the number. If the user never enters the code included in the text, Instagram will eventually call the number. Swinnen noticed that Instagramâ(TM)s robocallers would call any number supplied, including premium-rate numbers. 'One attacker could thus steal 1 GBP per 30 minutes, or 48 GBP/day, 1.440 GBP/month or 17.280/year with one pair. However, a dedicated attacker could easily setup and manage 100 of these pairs, increasing these numbers by a factor 100: 4.800 GBP/day, 144.000 GBP/month or 1.728.000 GBP/year.'"
An anonymous reader writes: A group of hackers known as OurMine have attacked Pokemon Go's login servers, making it all but impossible for players to get online. The group says they hacked the game in an effort for the game to be more stable. They want to show the developers behind Pokemon Go that the app can and should be made more secure. Prior to the hack, the servers have been shaky as interest in the game has spiked. But over the weekend, users faced the most extreme connectivity issues yet. "No one will be able to play this game till Pokemon Go contact us on our website to teach them how to protect it!" the group wrote on its website. A different hacking group, which claimed to be part of OurMine, said that the latest attack had been launched after the huge outage caused by a group called Poodlecorp, on Saturday. "The group makes money from charging for vulnerability assessment, where hackers attempt to break into corporate networks to check how safe they are," reports The Independent. A representative said via Twitter that the group wasn't requesting money from those behind Pokemon Go, and that OurMine "just don't want other hackers [to] attack their servers." It should come as no surprise to see that the servers have been having trouble keeping up with demand as Pokemon Go has become the biggest mobile game in U.S. history after launching just about two weeks ago.
Slashdot Asks: Do You Install Preview Version Of An OS On Your Primary Device?
On Monday, Google released a new -- and also the final -- version of the Android N Developer Preview. Android Nougat, which is the latest version of Google's mobile operating system comes with a range of new features and improvements, including a notification panel redesign and additions to Doze power saving. The fifth preview, which is releasing today offers a "near-final" look at Android 7. Interestingly, Apple also released the public beta versions of iOS 10, and macOS Sierra to users earlier this month. Microsoft continues to offer preview builds of Windows 10 OS to enthusiasts. We were wondering how many of you choose to live on beta version of an operating system on your primary devices. Does anyone here wait for the final version of an operating system to release before making the switch? Also, what does the setup of your office/work computer look like? Anyone who is still on an older version of an operating system because of reliability and compatibility concerns?
An article on Motherboard today investigates the reasons why people didn't go "oh-my-god, that was awesome" looking at the CGI-based scenes in the recent movies such as Independence Day: Resurgence, Batman v Superman and X-Men: Apocalypse. Though the article acknowledges that this could be the result of some poor-acting, spotty storyline, or bad editing, it also underscores the possibility that this could be the aftermath of a "deeper mechanism that is draining all substance from our cinematic imaginary worlds?" The author of the article, Riccardo Manzotti to make his case stronger adds that the original Alien movie was able to impress us because what we saw was strongly linked to actual life. From the article: The humongous spaceship Nostromo -- a miniature model -- provoked awe and respect. When the creature erupted from Kane's abdomen -- a plaster model encased in fake blood and animal entrails -- people were horrified. The shock was registered on the faces of the actors, who, per James Cameron's direction, weren't told ahead of time that the moment would include a giant splatter of blood. "That's why their looks of disgust and horror are so real," producer and co-writer David Giler said. Manzotti further argues that some of the modern movies haven't left us awe-inspired because there is just too much CGI content. Compared to 430 computerized shots in the original Independence Day movie, for instance, the new one has 1,750 digitized shots. "People have been looking at pixels for much too long," the author argues, adding: Our imaginary world has been diluted and diluted to the point that, so to speak, there is no longer even a stain of real blood, love, and pain. Nowadays, when spectators see blood, they see pixels. [...] VR and augmented reality and the steady pace of CGI have pushed the process of substitution of reality to a higher level. At least, movies were once made using real stunts and real objects. Now, the actual world is no longer needed. The actual world, which is the good money, is no longer required. The virtual world, the bad money, is taking over. Yet, it lacks substance. The author makes several more compelling arguments, that are worth mulling.
An anonymous reader writes from a report via CNBC: The Republican National Convention will be a popular target for cyberattacks. An official in charge of securing the network has said the RNC already had to fend off a wave of cyberattacks before the convention opened. Many more attacks are expected throughout the convention ranging from "nation-states hunting for intelligence or protesters trying to disrupt the network at the convention," said the consulting chief information officer for the RNC, Max Everett. Donald Trump's campaign appears to only fuel attackers, security experts said. The convention opens Monday afternoon and will attract roughly 50,000 people in addition to a global audience watching from afar. "A successful attack could impact physical security on the ground, for example, by taking connected security scanners offline. It could also affect online activity, for example, by hijacking the livestream and derailing the GOP's message," reports CNBC. The Secret Service has designated the conventions "national special security events." Everett and his team of 70 IT specialists will be using Microsoft and ForeScout software to monitor the network in real time, working with ATT and Cisco on securing external access to the network and a firm called Dark Cubed to share real-time threat information among the firms trying to defend against cyberattacks.
An anonymous reader shares a TechCrunch report: Microsoft today launched Stream, a new business video service that aims to give businesses that want to share video internally the same kind of tools and flexibility that YouTube offers to consumers -- but with the added benefits of the security tools enterprises expect from their document management services. The service is now available as a free preview. As James Phillips, Microsoft's corporate VP of its Business Intelligence Products Group, told me, all it takes to get started with Stream is an email address. The user experience in Stream does take its cues from consumer services like Vimeo and YouTube, and includes a number of social features, including likes and comments, as well as recommendations. "We've all been trained as consumers to understand what beautiful and fully featured software looks like," Phillips told me. "And we are now delivering on those experiences in business software." Some of the basic use cases for using video in a company include training and employee communications.
In May, Vellum's James shared an ordeal that many people were able to relate to. Apple Music had deleted music files from his computer. It's an issue that many of us have faced over the years. At the time, Apple noted that it didn't actually know what was causing this. But it appears, it has finally figured out the issue and patched it. Jim Dalrymple, reporting for The Loop: One of the biggest complaints about Apple Music over the past year was that it wouldn't properly match songs subscribers had in their existing iTunes libraries. That problem is being fixed by Apple. Apple has been quietly rolling out iTunes Match audio fingerprint to all Apple Music subscribers. Previously Apple was using a less accurate metadata version of iTunes Match on Apple Music, which wouldn't always match the correct version of a particular song. We've all seen the stories of a live version of a song being replaced by a studio version, etc. Using iTunes Match with audio fingerprint, those problems should be a thing of the past. If you had songs that were matched incorrectly using the metadata version of iTunes Match, the new version will rematch to the correct song. However, it will not delete any downloaded copies of songs you have in your library. This is a very good thing -- we don't want songs auto-deleting from our libraries.
SpaceX successfully landed another Falcon 9 rocket after launching the vehicle into space on Sunday evening from Florida. The Verge reports: Shortly after takeoff, the vehicle touched down at SpaceX's Landing Complex 1 -- a ground-based landing site that the company leases at the Cape. It marks the second time SpaceX has pulled off this type of ground landing, and the fifth time SpaceX has recovered one of its rockets post-launch. The feat was accomplished a few minutes before the rocket's second stage successfully put the company's Dragon spacecraft into orbit, where it will rendezvous with the International Space Station later this week. It's also the first time this year SpaceX has attempted to land one of its rockets on land. For the past six launches, each rocket has tried landing on an autonomous drone ship floating in the ocean. That's because drone ship landings require a lot less fuel to execute than ground landings.
Autonomous cars should be able to account for themselves, that's the thinking behind new legislation proposed by German's transport ministry. The country is planning new laws that require self-driving cars to include a black box, Reuters reports, similar to the flight recorder required on aircraft. From the report: The fatal crash of a Tesla Motors Inc Model S car in its Autopilot mode has increased the pressure on industry executives and regulators to ensure that automated driving technology can be deployed safely. Under the proposal from Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt, drivers will not have to pay attention to traffic or concentrate on steering, but must remain seated at the wheel so they can intervene in the event of an emergency. Manufacturers will also be required to install a black box that records when the autopilot system was active, when the driver drove and when the system requested that the driver take over, according to the proposals. The draft is due to be sent to other ministries for approval this summer, a transport ministry spokesman said.
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Recall why radon is dangerous to humans.
Recall how to prevent radon poisoning.
Recall the process by which radon is produced.
Radon is a colorless, odorless gas, the primary source of indoor air pollution. It sinks in air because it has a high density as is therefore often found in the basements of homes, particularly in areas where with a lot of shale and boulders in the soil. Radon results from the radioactive decay of radium in the soil, and it further decays to produce radioactive daughters including polonium and lead. Radon gas, along with decay products that can attach to dust and airborne particles, enters the lungs and decays, producing alpha and beta radiation that damages DNA and causes lung cancer.
Discovered in 1900 by Friedrich Dorn, radon is a radioactive noble gas now regarded as a potential health hazard in some homes. It also has medical applications for cancer treatment. Its original name was to be niton for "shining" but it was eventually named as a derivative of radium. Radon is found in underground deposits where is it produced by uranium and radium decay.
Radon has a variety of sources, including uranium, and contains rocks like granite, shale, phosphate rock, and pitchblende. Radon can escape from these sources and migrate into the surrounding air and water supplies. It can be found in well water, natural gas sources, and building materials. Radon sources are found throughout the United States, in houses, schools, and businesses that have been constructed on top of radon-rich soil. Due to its heavy density, radon typically floats downward and is often found in the basements of buildings.
Radon fluoride (\(RnF\)) has been produced and the compound glows with a yellow light in the solid state.
Radon gas, the result of radium's radioactive decay, can severely compromise indoor air quality. A variety of contaminants can affect the quality of indoor air and the health of the people who inhabit that space. Radon levels can be tested through a number of available assays, and contamination can be addressed by sealing basements and cellars to prevent the exchange of gas with the surrounding soil or by increasing ventilation. Many states require radon testing before selling a house.
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Showing results for tags 'interrupt'.
Hi All, I'm start working with the AXI UART Lite in my Block Design with a Microblaze soft core. Actually I've the whole design working, using the xil_printf I'm able to send data out the board to the PC through the Virtual COM Port exposed by the board itself. The better approach involve the use of interrupts in order to manage the RX and TX operations. My first try was to found some documents about this point, found it into the yourdesign_bsp > BSP Documentation > uartlite_v3_2 folder: right click and select Open Documentation give the API list on the browser, the documentation reside locally on the following path (I'm using VIVADO 2016.1): C:/Xilinx/SDK/2016.1/data/embeddedsw/XilinxProcessorIPLib/drivers/uartlite_v3_2/doc/html/api/index.html Opening the: C:/Xilinx/SDK/2016.1/data/embeddedsw/XilinxProcessorIPLib/drivers/uartlite_v3_2 inside the examples there are several examples how to use interrupt with this peripheral, I took the xuartlite_intr_tapp_example.c file. Concerning this example I've some question to asking. Looking through the source code I see: #ifdef XPAR_INTC_0_DEVICE_ID #include "xintc.h" #include <stdio.h> #else #include "xscugic.h" #include "xil_printf.h" #endif First question is about this conditional statement. Starting from the SDK I've opened the xparameters.h file: scroll down until you reach the xparameters.h file. Double click on to open the file and make a search for the XPAR_INTC_0_DEVICE_ID label: This label should be the reference to the AXI Interrupt Controller present into the Block Design (system.pdf).with name microblaze_0_axi_intc. Now I need to know the exact difference between this two type of controller, the AXI is into the Fabric and I think is automatically managed from the Microblaze side by means of a dedicated software layer also the Generic Interrupt Controller I think is also managed by Microblaze but may be I've to configure it in order to instruct what peripheral have to use I'm correct? In this example I'm using the AXI Interrupt Controller so I can avoid to insert the whole code related the Generic Interrupt Controller, correct? Another question is if I'm using the AXI Interrupt Controller there are some reason to use also the Generic Interrupt Controller or I can't use it due to some constraints or other reasons? Someone can give me some explanation about this point? Thank!
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What is the best way to create a TikZ picture which resembles the image below (Caylay Graph of a free group) without using absolute positions and doing everything "manually"?
The picture has a very recursive structure, so I figured there might be a more efficient way to do it using automatic generation. Am I right?
And here is an example using the lindenmayersystems library. It requires the latest PGF release for the arrows.meta library.
Here is one possibility using tikzmath, but probably not "the best way".
% with label depending on: \l=0 => "a", \l=1 => "b"
to set the power to -1 for edges going down and right. And as some overlaps appeared, I adjusted the edge label position.
UPDATE 2: As everybody goes with his own unlabeled method, here is one with math tikz library.
If arrows and labels are not required, here is a very simple recursive solution using a single path, at order 8 (if you try order 9, pdflatex stops with an error: TeX capacity exceeded...).
My initial impulse, knowing there would be excellent TikZ answers was to do it in a pure TeXish way of macro expansion, using package pict2e to have a more powerful picture environment. I did it, but then wasted time (and sleep, sadly) on adding node labels, because computation inside parameters of a \put, even with package picture loaded are extremely annoying, due to the presence of an ending \unitlength. Basically one has to set \unitlength to 1sp and do all computations with big integers inside \numexpr. At some point I was using a delimited macro to remove \unitlength alltogether, but in the end, I accepted also doing some TikZ picture, for the labels. I only needed to copy the \draw from the other answers to learn how to do it. Position is not optimal (the size of the labels should decrease in proportion of the level).
Anyway, the point is that it is fun to translate the graph generation into pure macro expansion, and this is what I do here.
Update: re-generated the initial picture with a larger linethickness, because I noticed that on some systems the edges looked too faint. I also increased by 2 the depth of the graph.
Second Update: I explained above that in the end I dropped pict2e in favor of TikZ for doing the labels. But I had left in the first code sample which does only edges the use of pict2e. I have now edited the code for doing without its \Line command, hence only with standard original LaTeX2e picture environment (package picture is loaded for convenience). The original macros are still part of the second code sample below, which uses TikZ. For clarity I added a \L count which is the level, i.e. the number of edges from center to extremities.
\newcount\E % length of the current edge to be drawn.
% ERROR: TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [main memory size=5000000].
The picture above was at level 8 and line thickness set to 2pt. One can use the code up to level 9, but at level 10 one hits ERROR: TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [main memory size=5000000]. The picture below had been generated at level 6 with default line thickness. Its edges may look faint on some screens. (the two pictures were generated with the code using pict2e which is like the code below for TikZ but using \Line command and not doing labels).
And now code for using (not efficiently) TikZ. Besides in the \draw one should intervert \x<->\X and \y<->\Y but I leave the code as is, as the image below was generated using it.
With m = 8 and d = 2, it produces this picture. Beyond m=8, MetaPost may still work, but MPtoPDF fails.
Edit Oddly enough, including the previous code in a LuaLaTeX file gives better results than with MPtoPDF. With LuaLaTeX I've managed to produce a result up to 11 levels of recursion. The resulting PDF file is enormous: 11,2 Mo, so I dare not updload a bitmap version of it here! The program can even go further than 11 levels of recursion, but it would take an unreasonable amount of time and the figure would not change in appearance anyway.
Here's a recursive solution in Metapost.
I left out the surrounding ellipsis dots from the OP picture because they are slightly misleading; the figure does not actually get much bigger. No matter how deep you make the branches it will always fit inside a square with sides sqrt(8)*unit length. Here's a version with depth set to 5. Metapost takes a long time to compile it with depth set to 7 or more.
Block diagram in Tikz with absolute positioning?
How to stack rows of nodes in TikZ?
How to create this diagram with Tikz?
Create a symbol-like shape in tikz and reuse it easily?
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Which happened first, the Salem Witch Trials or the foundation of Harvard College? Was Watergate before Woodstock? Sure, it's easy to know whether the discovery of America came before the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, but how well can you remember everything that happened in between? In Timeline: America - History, players have hands of cards and take turns attempting to place the cards correctly into the growing timeline. Easy at first, but rapidly growing more difficult, Timeline: America - History will test your knowledge and help you learn the history of the nation. CONTENTS Timeline America - History contains 110 double-sided cards and a rule book. FEATURES Fun and educational. Beautifully illustrated cards. The sixth in the popular Timeline series.
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0.997431 |
What is the Law Regarding Employment in Yuma?
Employment law refers to the body of laws in Yuma that regulate employees, employers, and independent contractors. These laws govern issues in employment such as hiring, workplace disputes, and terminations A general understanding of Yuma employment laws is required for both the employee and their employer.
Discriminating at any time of employment such as hiring, workplace environment, and terminating, is illegal according to laws applicable to Yuma residents. Residents of Yuma are regulated by laws which make it illegal to discriminate against members of particular categories. These categories include race, age, gender, national origin, disability, and religion.
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0.99999 |
Dead Letter Office is R.E.M.’s loosest record. Singer Michael Stipe is as open as the best of Life’s Rich Pageant suggested he always could be, and on “Burning Hell” and “Ages of You,” Buck’s guitar work is his least studied and most unrestrained. Reverential covers of songs by the Velvet Underground, Aerosmith and Pylon nudge against the steady instrumental “White Tornado” and the wacky “Walters Theme,” helping to define the sources of this wideranging band. Dead Letter Office isn’t meant to be anything special. That’s why it is.
In This Article: Michael Stipe, R.E.M.
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0.994899 |
Bill Text - AB-1250 Vehicles: buses: axle weight.
An act to amend Section 35554 of the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles.
AB 1250, Bloom. Vehicles: buses: axle weight.
Existing law, operative January 1, 2016, provides that the gross weight on any one axle of a bus shall not exceed 20,500 pounds. Existing law exempts from this limitation a transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued before January 1, 2013. A violation of this provision is a crime.
This bill would exempt from the weight limitation transit buses procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued before January 1, 2016. The bill would provide that the weight limitation would not apply to a bus purchased during an option period in a multiyear contract to purchase transit buses that is entered into before January 1, 2016, by a publicly owned or operated transit system, or an operator of a transit system under contract with a publicly owned or operated transit system, provided that the option period does not exceed 5 years from the date of the original contract, or extend beyond January 1, 2021, whichever is earlier. This bill would also establish certain weight limitations for transit buses procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued at a specified time. The bill would provide that these provisions do not authorize the operation of a transit bus on a bridge or certain other structures if the gross weight of the transit bus is greater than the maximum weight which the bridge or other structure can safely sustain. The bill would require, if the gross weight imposed upon the highway by the wheels on any one axle of a transit bus exceeds 20,000 pounds, the axle to be supported by 4 wheels bearing load upon the highway. Because a violation of these provisions would be a crime, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.
The bill would require a transit operator operating an articulated bus to provide notice, by July 1, 2016, to all cities and counties in whose jurisdiction the bus will operate in the upcoming calendar year, of the approximate routes upon which the bus will operate. The bill would also require an annual notice by July 1 thereafter to all cities and counties under whose jurisdiction the bus will operate, identifying any changes to the service on those routes or any new routes upon which the bus is expected to be scheduled for the upcoming calendar year.
(a) (1) Notwithstanding Section 35550, the maximum gross weight on any one axle of a bus shall not exceed 20,500 pounds.
(2) This subdivision does not apply to a transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued before January 1, 2016. This subdivision does not apply to a bus purchased during an option period in a multiyear contract to purchase transit buses that is entered into before January 1, 2016, by a publicly owned or operated transit system, or an operator of a transit system under contract with a publicly owned or operated transit system, provided, however, that the option period does not exceed five years from the date of the original contract, or extend beyond January 1, 2021, whichever is earlier.
(b) A transit bus is not subject to Section 35550.
(1) The curb weight on any one axle of a transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, inclusive, shall not exceed 23,000 pounds.
(2) The curb weight on any one axle of a transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued on or after January 1, 2019, shall not exceed 22,000 pounds.
(1) The curb weight on any one axle of an articulated transit bus or zero-emission transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, inclusive, shall not exceed 25,000 pounds.
(2) The curb weight on any one axle of an articulated transit bus or zero-emission transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, inclusive, shall not exceed 24,000 pounds.
(3) The curb weight on any one axle of an articulated transit bus or zero-emission transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, inclusive, shall not exceed 23,000 pounds.
(4) The curb weight on any one axle of an articulated transit bus or zero-emission transit bus procured through a solicitation process pursuant to which a solicitation was issued on or after January 1, 2022, shall not exceed 22,000 pounds.
(e) Nothing in this article shall be construed to authorize a vehicle described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) or described in subdivision (c) or (d) to be operated in violation of Section 35753.
(f) A transit operator operating an articulated transit bus shall, by July 1, 2016, provide notice to all cities and counties in whose jurisdiction the bus will operate in the upcoming calendar year, identifying the approximate routes upon which the bus is expected to be scheduled for service, including the names of streets and roads upon which that service is likely to take place. Thereafter, a transit operator operating an articulated transit bus shall annually provide notice by July 1, to all cities and counties in whose jurisdiction the bus will operate in the upcoming calendar year, identifying any changes to the service on those routes and any new routes upon which the bus is expected to be scheduled for the upcoming year. The notice shall include data from information provided by the bus manufacturer to the transit operator, identifying the weight of the articulated bus.
(g) For purposes of this section, the term “curb weight” means the total weight of a fully loaded transit bus, including maximum fuel, oil, and coolant, and all equipment used in the normal operation of the bus, except without passengers or a driver.
(h) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (g), inclusive, a transit bus shall not operate on the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways in excess of the weight limitation for transit buses specified in federal law.
(i) If the gross weight imposed upon the highway by the wheels on any one axle of a transit bus exceeds 20,000 pounds, the axle shall be supported by four wheels bearing load upon the highway.
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0.796733 |
What makes curry so delicious?
Culinary science generally favors dishes with ingredients that have overlapping flavor profiles. A study found that Indian cuisine is an exception to this culinary dogma. In Indian cuisine, the more the flavor profiles of ingredients overlap, the less chance that they will appear together in a recipe.
The heart of a curry resides in its blend of spices and herbs. The magical flavors of these spices are known, but are you aware of the plethora of health benefits accompanying these natural ingredients?
Turmeric is an essential ingredient of curry, and is also the major culprit behind a nasty curry stain. Tumeric makes up for this though, as one of its components, curcumin, is heart-healthy, normalizing the levels of bad fats in our heart. Antioxidants help fight cancer by protecting cells against damage from harmful molecules known as free radicals. The curcumin in turmeric is a natural antioxidant which impedes cancer progression.
The benefits of garlic can fill up an entire book; so vastly researched are the compounds found in its oils like ajoene, alliin, and allicin. These compounds help fight high blood pressure, or hypertension. The components of garlic’s oil are a rich source of vitamin A for good skin and sharp eyes, vitamin C for better immunity, phosphorus for stronger bones and teeth, potassium for building muscles, and essential amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins in our body.
Cumin’s distinctive earthy, acrid flavor contribution to curry is a result of cumin oils, which actually have antimicrobial properties. Another staple in curries, coriander seeds can help control the sugar levels in diabetic patients. Herbs like curry leaves and basil possess high medicinal values. They can be prescribed for the treatment of conditions like diabetes and obesity.
While we have glimpsed the goodness of the many strong herbs and spices that make up curry, it should be noted that these ingredients cannot be consumed fresh. Instead, we add them to a curry to reap their benefits. Additionally, authentic curry is not simply the blend of all these spices; rather, preparing curry is an orderly step-by-step process.
Each of the curry’s spices and herbs is a water-insoluble, organic compound, whose flavor and health benefits may be destroyed by heat. Hence, spices are roasted in oil at controlled temperatures during the cooking of curry. Whole spices go first into the hot oil. They will crackle and burst, infusing their aroma all around, indicating that the flavors and benefits have been extracted into the curry. Ground spices are added later in the cooking process, as to not let them burn due to their high surface area of contact with oil. Curry base is prepared according to the water content of the ingredients: onion, garlic and ginger go in first, followed by green chili and tomato. Tomato is added last because its cell wall breaks down upon cooking and the exuded water helps to provide a nice texture. Next, vegetables or meat are added to the base. Add atop a bowl of rice and you’ve got yourself a delicious curry dish!
Curry can be one of the healthiest recipes you could include in your daily diet when you prepare it at home. Unfortunately, restaurants often serve us the fattened versions with calorie-loaded cream. Now that you have been introduced to curry’s flavors and cooking science, I would suggest ditching those overpriced options at the restaurants. Instead, be your own chef at home by stepping into the magical world of curry. It is definitely worth a try; after all, curries are more than guilty pleasures reserved for your occasional visits to ‘The Taste of India’.
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0.94695 |
Wireless big data describe massive data (e.g., wireless signaling data, device logs, browser history, and payment records) generated by wireless networks (e.g., cellular networks, wireless sensor networks, and wireless ad hoc networks), as well as related technologies for data collection and analytics.
Similar to the traditional concept of big data, wireless big data can be also described by four “V”: volume, variety, velocity, and value. In addition, wireless big data show unique characteristics of large-scale distribution and strong heterogeneity, which impose additional challenges in data collection and analytics.
Wireless big data are generated everywhere in wireless networks, and their collection incurs high communication cost. In the early period, a natural approach for reducing communication cost is to sample a subset of data. In particular, compressive sampling theory (Donoho 2006) has been successfully applied in wireless sensor networks (Luo et al. 2009). It can extract global information by collecting data from a subset of sensors. Later, thanks to the significant improvement of network capacity, it becomes affordable to collect all data to avoid information missing. However, heavy network traffic generated in wireless big data collection still exists, and it can affect other applications running over wireless networks. For example, some network service providers collect system logs generated by cellular network infrastructures (e.g., base stations and switches) for network diagnosis. These traffics occupy a portion of network bandwidth, and they should be well scheduled to minimize the influence to mobile user traffic.
Meanwhile, wireless big data show heterogeneity because they are generated by various devices and applications. They have different formats and are collected with different frequencies. To provide a unified data representation, a tensor model has been proposed to represent the unstructured, semistructured, and structured data generated in wireless networks (Kuang et al. 2014). He et al. (2016) have introduced a unified data model based on the random matrix theory and machine learning.
Wireless big data can be analyzed by techniques (e.g., data mining and pattern recognition) that are also adopted by traditional big data analytics. In addition, some wireless big data can be expressed in spatial-temporal dimensions that impose additional challenges. Xu et al. (2016) design a time series analysis approach that can decompose large-scale mobile traffic into regularity and randomness components. Then, the traffic patterns can be predicted based on regularity components. In recent years, there is a growing trend of applying machine learning techniques, especially deep learning, in wireless big data analytics. Alsheikh et al. (2016) present an overview and brief tutorial on deep learning in mobile big data analytics, as well as a scalable learning framework over Apache Spark. Yang (2016) investigates various learning methodologies for wireless big data analytics. Qian et al. (2017) survey recent research results of wireless big data analytics.
Wireless big data can be applied in many scenarios, such as user mobility modeling, traffic analysis, network planning, privacy, and security enhancement. Some key applications are listed as follows.
User Mobility Analysis: Wireless big data generated by mobile phones have great potential for human mobility analysis. By mining wireless big data, the human mobility can be understood, predicted, or even controlled. For instance, by recording and analyzing the time spent at different locations for different individuals, it can be robustly identified whether an individual is at home or at office, which can improve the efficiency urban cellular network planning. Moreover, individual mobility and mobile traffic are closely linked to the social ecology, which helps achieve a better understanding of human behavior.
Social Networks: Wireless big data also exist in various mobile social networks. Massive high dimensional personal data are collected from mobile users by the cloud. Analyzing these data can predict individual activities and provide personalized recommendation. A typical example is video recommendation. The user context data can be analyzed by a recommendation model, so that appropriate videos can be recommended for users. Meanwhile, recommendation policy can be improved according to user feedbacks.
Security and Privacy: Although wireless big data can help understand individual behavior more easily, the privacy and security issues are inevitable. Wireless big data containing various privacy information, such as user locations, interests, and habits, which would be easily obtained by malicious users due to the broadcast nature of wireless transmission. Therefore, many applications concentrate on protecting privacy and security of wireless big data. For instance, using the method of distorting time, the interest and mobility habits can be concealed for achieve anonymous mobile data set.
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0.999779 |
There are 2 games to launch simultaneously, please launch MustacheAI first then MustacheHuman.
An experiment about communication, deep Learning and artficial intelligence.
One player plays the Human, the other the AI.
The AI can only communicate with words given by the human through conversation, selecting them with the mouse.
Each AI's generation gains more word memory and a better ability to communicate.
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0.999117 |
How to Share Instagram Photos to Foursquare on iPhone?
Instagram is one of the most widely used photo application that is specially designed for mobile phone users. It allows you to capture a photo, crop a photo, add various effects, apply filters and then share with followers or friends. If you want to share Instagram photos to Foursquare on your iPhone, then first you have to connect your Foursquare account to Instagram account. Most important thing is, make sure you choose to 'Add to your Photo Map' and then 'Name this location' when uploading your photo. When you add photo to your photo map and name of the location, then only you will be able to share it to Foursquare account.
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0.999965 |
I can't really remember what's happened in a movie which I saw 1 year ago. I can remember some scenes of the movie but not the whole movie and it's storyline. If you ask me about the question like "shocking ending", I really don't remember. How do you watch a movie? do you try to remember things of the movie when you are watching it?
is it just me have such bad memory?
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0.930174 |
Build a Basic Website with ASP.NET MVC and Angular. Get Started with ASP.NET MVC. Create an Angular Project. Set up a Database for ASP.NET. Add Authentication to Your Angular Application. Set Up Your ASP.NET API Endpoints. Set a Default Formatter for ASP.NET Web API 2.
You will be using .NET Framework 4.7.1, and you should have the latest version of Visual Studio 2017 installed. Also, you should have Node and npm installed since you will use Angular tools that require Node and npm.
Create an API using a built-in template within Visual Studio. You’ll start from a scratch.
Additionally, make sure you delete ApplicationInsights.config file.
After finishing, you should have a clean project and perfect starting ground.
Using Angular CLI is the best way to get started with Angular applications. With Angular CLI tools, you can easily create new projects, update existing projects, add different components to your codebase, and do all of that by entering a few commands in your terminal. You can also run the application in the development environment and publish it to production environments. It saves you the trouble of setting up configuration and Webpack. It can also do all the optimizing, compressing and minifying for you. It’s highly recommended to use Angular CLI to prepare your applications for production environments.
This will create a new Angular project under Angular folder within your MVC project. The --skip-tests argument will make sure that CLI skips creating spec files.
You will use Entity Framework (EF) 6 as your Object-Relational Mapper (ORM), a proven solution from Microsoft. EF 6 is pretty easy to set up and get going, and you don’t need to know any SQL to have it working for your applications. Think of it as an adapter or bridge to your database. All of your database queries will go through Entity Framework.
The central point is your DbContext class, and that’s where you define your connection string and the tables for your database. EF 6 uses the DbSet collection type to represent a table in a database. All you need to do is create a connection string, create a new class that inherits from DbContext, make the data models and create appropriate properties within DbContext for those models. Those properties will represent tables in the database. From that point, it’s pretty easy to get and update existing data by using Language Integrated Queries (LINQ).
Nothing special here, a standard Id property that represents a unique identifier for every row within a table and Entity Framework will use a naming convention and automatically set it as a primary key for this table. You definitely need the Distance property to track your jogs, a Description to describe the jog and CreatedAt property for an audit trail.
The piece of code that calls the base DbContext class is used to set up the connection string. There is the DbSet property that I previously mentioned, and it will be used to fetch records from the table, update and delete those records.
The verbose flag will allow you to see the generated SQL statements, and this can help you in resolving errors if any occur.
After you have updated the database, add Migrations by adding code inside of the Seed method in the Configuration class.
Handling the authentication is never an easy or comfortable task. If you want to quickly and easily take care of authentication for your application you’re likely in the market for a solution like Okta. That’s why so many developers love and use Okta, they never want to build auth again and are happy to leave it to us.
To get started with Okta, sign up for a forever-free developer account or (log in if you already have one).
You should see the Dashboard and in the upper right corner, there should be your unique Org URL. Save it for later.
Now you need to create a new application by browsing to the Applications tab and clicking Add Application, and from the first page of the wizard choose Single-Page App.
On the settings page, enter OktaMvcAngular as your name value and select Implicit(Hybrid).
Now that your application has been created copy down the Client ID and Client secret values on the following page, you’ll need them soon (of course, yours will be different).
It is quite easy to add authentication to ASP.NET MVC with help of Okta.
// These values are stored in Web.config. Make sure you update them!
The code above adds two endpoints. The first one will fetch all JoggingRecords from the database. In your applications, you will probably want some kind of paging and filtering. The second endpoint will fetch individual JoggingRecords instances based on the id parameter that the client will pass to the API. That parameter will match the Id in JoggingRecords table in the database.
You will also want to specify the port for your ASP.NET application. You need to know the exact address so you can communicate with the API from your Angular application. To do so, right click on the project in the solution explorer and click properties. In the main properties window, choose Web from the left-hand menu and set the Project Url property to http://localhost:8080.
After that is done, delete the <router-outlet></router-outlet> code from app.component.html.
The code above will actually render the JS bundle that our angular application produces. Angular will find the <app-root> tag and render the App component and everything inside of it.
The command above will make sure that new bundle is produced whenever you change any code that is part of the Angular codebase, and it will also extract CSS from global styles into CSS files instead of JS ones.
Your app contains only one root module, AppModule, and one component AppComponent. Since the application that you will be making here is a small one you will not create additional modules. Once the application grows and gets more complicated, you should introduce new modules, shared modules to organize your code better. The application itself will only show some records from the API. However, since your Angular application is interacting with the server, you should create a separate Angular service for this purpose.
You can also create a TypeScript model for the JoggingRecord. First create a shared folder inside the app folder, which is part of the Angular application that gets created by the Angular CLI.
The class above will allow you to have a strongly typed model for the JoggingRecord inside of your Angular application.
The ApiService class is the bridge between our Angular application and our Web API endpoints. You need it to fetch the data from our server.
The code above will subscribe will assign the data that ApiService fetches from server to the joggingRecords property.
Since you already have the Angular CLI outputting the code changes for your Angular application in the Bundles/AngularOutput folder, and your MVC application is making use of that folder you can simply start the MVC application and preview Angular app inside of it.
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0.903523 |
You might think that the worst part of lying beside someone with sleep apnea is the frequent snoring, but that's nothing compared to what your sleepmate is going through. Having this condition can be seriously detrimental to those affected, particularly because it robs them of sound sleep.
While you're hearing the snoring aspect, the person with sleep apnea is moving out of a deep sleep and ultimately disrupting their rapid-eye movement (REM) cycle and overall circadian rhythm. Each time a person's breathing pauses or becomes shallow and disrupted with a loud snorting sound, sleep has been disrupted. This can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness.
Unfortunately, sleep apnea often goes undetected because it only occurs during sleep. The most common way to identify it is for a sleeping partner to call attention to the issue, so those who think they might be embarrassing their significant other will actually be doing a service to them by bringing up the problem.
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common form, and occurs when a person's airway becomes blocked or collapses during sleep. As a result, the affected individual's breathing pauses or is shallow, often causing him or her to wake up in the middle of the night.
A less common form is central sleep apnea, which puts the brain at the root of the problem. In this case, the area of your brain that controls breathing doesn't send the right signals to your breathing muscles. For brief periods of time, you might not make any effort to breathe. This type of disorder is generally more common in people taking certain medications that might impact their central nervous system.
While a lack of sleep is one obvious side effect of this issue, there are other problems that can occur as well. Chronic headaches, forgetfulness and even depression can arise in these individuals, and the best way to prevent the disorder from getting worse is to see a doctor and seek possible methods of treatment.
Several types of dental appliances are available for those who are experiencing obstructive sleep apnea. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, patients with mild to moderate cases of the disorder should consider this type of treatment. The first step is to visit your dentist, who will then fit a specific device for your mouth.
One of the most commonly used devices is the mandibular advancement device (MAD), which looks like a sports mouth guard. The tool keeps the airway open by forcing your lower jaw down and forward. While some might feel silly wearing the device to bed, their partners will thank them, and so will their biological clocks when they start receiving a healthy amount of rest each night.
While surgical options are available as well, many people who experience the symptoms of sleep apnea prefer dental devices because there are much fewer complications and it is a less invasive form of treatment.
You can certainly take advantage of the services and treatments available to take care of your disruptive sleep patterns, but there are even steps you can take to manage and prevent the behavior altogether.
Some products you use can make the disorder worse, such as alcohol, cigarettes and certain medicines. One of the most common traits of those with sleep apnea is being overweight. By starting a healthier lifestyle with physical exercise and nutritious eating, you can potentially reduce the chances of sleep apnea and get in a healthy dose of Zz's each night.
Cathy is excellent, caring and informative! I appreciate her so much as well as the office staff!
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0.944505 |
for export to pdf I use Acrobat PDFMaker Add-On (some files in Add-Ins Directory).
One reason is that I can export layers, comments and so on for technical overviews with lots of Details.
In preferences I check in the function 'convert comments to Adobe PDF comments'.
While exporting visio-files to pdf the shapes with some content in shapesheet-miscellaneous-comment this Add-On creates the sticky notes for these comments (as a hint for additional Information).
As a workaround I shift the pop-ups in pdf to its shapes and save it before spreading to others.
is it possible to avoid this offset?
It is possible to create a new comment in pdf or access existing comments and read their properties directly from VBA. But Adobe does not let you change properties (position, content, type, etc.) of existing comments.
Feel free to ask if you face any problems.
Tested on Visio 2013 Pro, Acrobat XI Standard on a Windows 7 64 Bit machine.
thank you for your explanation and effort.
I've checked with a testfile but your proposal doesn't seem to work.
Maybe it's my fault but here is how I've done it.
I've executed the macro [Sub ShiftComments()], choose a testfile, entered 100 in the Inputbox (which should be definitive visible) but the appearance in Acrobat is the same.
In attachment you'll see how it appears in Acrobat at 105% zoom. The sticky note appears left above the red square (which contains the comment).
I'm just wondering why the InputBox expects only a value (without axis x or y).
I thought you just wanted to shift the comments in x axis. I can add y axis as well. It will be easier to troubleshoot if you can provide a sample visio file. Did you get any error after execution of the macro?
I got no error message while executing the macro- But I'm not sure if anything avoid the macro working. Thanks to admin rights I could store the macro in the dedicated Folder- so there was no visible blocking Point.
But as I told there was no shift of the bubble visible. I thought that a value of 100 would be definitive visible- am I wrong?
In Visio this works fine. I have A3-format with around 100 shapes- each with a comment and you can easily find to which shape a comment belongs to.
Exporting to pdf is (from my perspective) responsible for the Offset. After exporting the comment-bubbles seems to belong to another shape more above and more right. If you zoom in it gets better but this is very inconvenient.
If you open the pdf- you'll see how it Looks like. The visio is it's original.
The Thing to open the Point here was to find out if there is a solution already known.
I tried the macro on a different computer with Visio 2010 pro and Acrobat DC Pro and it still works. -17 for x and y axises shift comments on top of colored boxes perfectly.
I'll try this on Monday.
unfortunately it was another Monday - new laptop- new Problems...but after all I got it.
yes this works with the Action wizard.
after checking the functionality I figuerd out that the 1st value have to be positive to move the comments left (and the second remains negative to move them down)... anyway- it works!
Also I let the Checkbox deselected to move them succesively to the optimal Position.
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0.999103 |
A common question I get asked on a hike is: I’m going hiking here next month for <insert number> days and I need a new backpack, what would you recommend?
I absolutely love chatting about outdoor gear and all the number of brands that exist in the market today.
I’ve had some good experiences with some and some not so good experiences with others.
However, in my experience with these sorts of questions, there is one element that is absolutely key to any response I give.
By that, I mean context around where you’re going and for how long, as well as how often do you plan on hiking and camping.
In short, it’s frequency of use.
Again, this kind of ties in with another article I wrote late last year about how to build your hiking gear list appropriately.
There is a tendency to go out and buy a truck load of outdoor gear without actually knowing what you’re buying or how it performs.
How it relates to what I am talking about here is that you need to have some idea as to whether hiking and or camping is going to be a regular activity for you.
Great! How often are you going to go hiking?
‘Probably once every couple of months’.
Based on this response, I wouldn’t suggest buying a durable pair of boots from a brand such as Salomon or any other reputable brand.
Whilst I’m a big advocate for proper hiking boots, in this instance, this person could almost get away with runners.
You have to work out how often you will be doing this activity for.
I have a One Planet backpack that is heavier than most backpacks on the market, but it is highly durable.
They also retail anywhere between $500-600.
Why did I choose this instead of going out and getting something cheaper and perhaps lighter?
Because I knew I’d be hiking and camping regularly and I would need something that would go the distance.
That same person who is doing day hikes every couple of months may be able to get away with a Denali day pack as well.
I would never recommend Anaconda to any regular hiker, but their gear is typically aimed at people who are heading into the outdoors every so often.
So if you are in the market for some new outdoor gear, be sure to keep in mind how often you will be in the outdoors.
Sure, your budget is a big factor but frequency also plays an equally important role.
There’s nothing worse than forking out $400 for a pair of boots that collect dust because they only get used every couple of months.
Well since you said you dont mind chatting about hiking gear!!
I’m looking at buying a sleeping bag. I need something that is very warm, but still the lightest option. I dont even know where to start looking. Being rather tall most of my previous nominal sleeping bags havent quite covered my shoulders, so that will also need to be considered.
Great to hear from you and thank you for taking the time to read my blog article. I really appreciate.
What sort of temperature are we talking here? There is an article on my website regarding Enlightened Equipment quilts. Similar to a sleeping bag, but as the name suggests, it is a quilt type setup. The article can be found here: here.
Alternatively, and I’m not sure if you are aware, but I own an outdoor clothing company that sells Goose Down sleeping bags sourced from Poland (so you know they’ll keep you warm!). They range from in the low temperatures (your summer/spring bags) to quite extreme temps (-20+; we’re talking Himalayas, Mount Everest etc.). My website – Globewalker – can be found here.
If you have any questions, feel free to shoot me an email at [email protected].
Thanks again for reading the article. I really appreciate it.
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0.998767 |
Abigail, the daringly dressed penultimate foe from Final Fight, is the latest brawler to be added to Street Fighter V's rapidly inflating roster - and he's beefed up a bit since his Super Nintendo days. He's also the first Canadian combatant to be playable in any Street Fighter title. Abigail is most typically found brawling away in the Final Fight series, but not in just over a week's time.
Abigail, due out on 25th July, is the fourth DLC character from Street Fighter 5's second season, and follows the release of Akuma, Kolin and Ed. On top of that, players will also be getting a few more retro costumes and the Sazaku Castle stage. It's called Metro City Bay Area, and shows Abigail's Scrap Metal yard in the background.
These costumes will be available on PlayStation 4 and Steam starting on July 25 for $3.99 each. He can either be purchased with in-game fight money, or bought as part of the game's second season character pass. The former can be purchased for $9.99 or as part of the $25 Capcom Pro Tour 2017 Premier Pass, which also includes access to the Capcom Cup 2017 and Capcom Pro Tour 2017, a monthly challenge to acquire in-game money, formal outfits for Ryu and Ken, and a Guile costume designed by Capcom Cup victor Du "NuckleDu" Dang. Will Abigail be a good inclusion to the game?
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0.999983 |
Instruction: Please answer the following questions. If the question discusses a graph or diagram, be sure to draw it as well (in order to have a chance at full credit for a given part/question). It also goes without saying that in answering each question you need to explain your answers.
For the following questions, consider an individual with M dollars of income spending her money on two goods, X, and X, with prices P, and P2, respectively. You can thus write the budget constraint as: M = P1 X1 + P2X2.
1. Draw a graph of the budget constraint showing all of the possible combinations of X, and X2, this individual can purchase Label all of the affordable bundles of X, and X2, as well as the unaffordable bundles.
2. Suppose this individual earns her income by working t hours a day at a wage of w per hour. Rewrite the budget constraint using this representation of income and, for all questions going forward, use this representation of income as the income component of your budget constraint.
3. Add savings, 5, to the budget constraint as a use of income and, for all questions going forward, maintain S as a use of income.
a. Suppose the individual loses her job: can she still purchase the two goods?
4. Suppose the individual loses her job, has no savings, and yet still needs to purchase the two goods. Suppose further that social security in the form of unemployment insurance does not exist. Describe a few likely scenarios that might occur as a result.
i. If she loses her job and could earn 100% of her income via unemployment insurance for 6 months, describe her incentives to work when she still has a job and her incentives to find a job when she is unemployed. Draw this scenario in a graph with percent of income earned via social security payments on the vertical access and months on the horizontal access.
ii. If she loses her job and could earn 50% of her income via unemployment insurance for 6 months, describe her incentives to work when she still has a job and her incentives to find a job when she is unemployed. Draw this scenario in a new graph with percent of income earned via social security payments on the vertical access and months on the horizontal access.
iii. If she loses her job and could earn a declining share of her income via unemployment insurance for 6 months, describe her incentives to work when she still has a job and her incentives to find a job when she is unemployed. In other words, for example, she gets 100% the first month unemployed, 90% the second month, 80% the third month, etc. Draw this scenario in a new graph with percent of income earned via social security payments on the vertical access and months on the horizontal access.
iv. Which structure, if any, do you recommend? Is unemployment insurance a useful policy for social protections? What if this individual provides for a family?
5 Suppose we are back in question (3) without unemployment insurance and the individual loses her job, but has the opportunity to gain a government job via a government jobs program that pays a wage wG per hour of work.
i. How does this impact her incentives to work and look for a job both before and after losing her original job?
ii. What if a requirement of the government jobs program was that she also had to look and apply for jobs outside of this program - how would this impact her incentive structure?
b. Describe what could happen to this individual if she could not obtain the government job until after 6 months of unemployment and providing verifiable proof of looking/applying for other jobs.
c. Suppose this individual had access to both the government jobs and unemployment insurance programs. Describe whether or not you think this is a good idea from a policy perspective. In your answer, be sure to consider the role these dual policies have on incentive structures. Also consider some differences in the scale and scope of the programs as they would apply across different socio-economic-demographic groups.
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0.999826 |
Tucker Tower, on southern shore of Lake Murray, lies within "Chickasaw Country".
Map of South Central Oklahoma.
South Central Oklahoma is an amorphous region in the state of Oklahoma, perhaps encompassing 10 counties. It is centered on the Arbuckle Mountains, an ancient, eroded range traversing some 70 miles (110 km) across the region, and surrounded by rivers and lakes, notably Lake Texoma, Lake Murray and Lake of the Arbuckles. For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism has more narrowly defined South Central Oklahoma, which they refer to as Chickasaw Country, as being a seven-county region including Pontotoc, Johnston, Marshall, Garvin, Murray, Carter, and Love counties. A ten-county definition might also include Coal, Atoka, and Bryan counties, although the Department of Tourism includes those in Choctaw Country. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma covers the eastern third of the region. Its headquarters is in Durant, and its capitol building, now a museum, is in Tuskahoma. The Chickasaw Nation lies within the region, with the tribal capitol building located at Tishomingo and its headquarters in Ada. The Chickasaw Nation, which runs "Chickasawcountry.com". , promotes the idea of Chickasaw Country as the 13 south-central Oklahoma counties that comprise the Chickasaw Nation, being the Tourism Department’s seven counties plus Coal, Bryan, Jefferson, Stephens, Grady, and McClain counties.
The region, also known by its former Okla. Department of Tourism designation, Arbuckle Country or Lake and Trail Country, has three distinct centers of commerce and culture, Ardmore, Ada and Durant, though it retains a largely rural nature, and is populated with many small towns and ranches. It also contains a large portion of the Cross Timbers region, transitioning from a heavily wooded area (with native oaks, elms and other eastern varieties) to a rolling savanna in the west, occasionally broken by cedar and mesquite trees. In addition to abundant water resources latent in the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer, the region has some of the highest oil & gas production in the state, with Carter County seated as the largest producer in the state.
Turner Falls, nestled in the Arbuckle Mountains.
The region consists of the following counties in Oklahoma: Atoka, Bryan, Carter, Coal, Garvin, Johnston, Love, Marshall, Murray and Pontotoc.
The Arbuckle Mountains are the defining geographical entity in this region, with peaks (once taller than the Rockies) eroded down to their current elevation of 200-300' above the surrounding terrain. Many lakes are also located throughout the region, often shaped by the irregular topography of the underlying Arbuckle range. Larger manmade lakes include Lake Texoma, with over 89,000 acres (360 km2), and Lake Murray, a 5,700-acre (23 km2) lake impounded about 10 miles (20 km) south of Ardmore.
Fishing, boating and swimming are popular throughout the region, especially on Lake Texoma, the second most popular lake in terms of annual visitors in the United States, as determined by the U.S. Corps of Engineers. Other draws in the region include Oklahoma's tallest waterfall, Turner Falls, as well as the restored historic downtowns of Ardmore, Durant and Ada. The region's proximity to the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex makes it a popular weekend destination for those searching for a respite from the increasingly congested North Texas region. The area is home to several popular Oklahoma casinos.
Per the 2000 census, the region had 209,569 people. Nearly one-quarter of these residents (45,621) live in Carter County, of which Ardmore is the county seat.
The growth of the southern portion of the region rivals that of both the Oklahoma City and the Tulsa metropolitan regions, with Bryan and Marshall counties (areas surrounding Lake Texoma) adding greater numbers of residents due to the explosive northward growth in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.
The city of Ardmore serves as the cultural and economic hub of the region, and is located about 10 miles (20 km) south of the Arbuckle Mountains, with Lake Murray and Lake Texoma located within a half-hour drive of the city. Ardmore is the largest city in south central Oklahoma, and Lone Grove, its largest suburb, has the fourth largest population of any city in the area.
Also, Ada, the second largest city in south central Oklahoma, serves the northern areas of the region. It is home to the largest university in the region, East Central University.
Durant is the third largest and fastest growing city in south central Oklahoma. Durant is located in the tourism district known as Choctaw Country, formerly known as Kiamichi Country. The city is home to Southeastern Oklahoma State University, the second largest in the region, Medical Center of Southeastern OK, and the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.
Other important cities and towns include, Atoka, Davis, Kingston, Madill, Marietta, Pauls Valley, Sulphur, Tishomingo and Wynnewood.
^ "About Chickasaw Country". Chickasaw Nation. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
^ "The Chickasaw Nation, 2012-2013 Official Map" (PDF). Chickasaw Nation. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
^ "2005 Oil & Gas Annual Report (charting oil production from 1975-2005), Oklahoma Corporation Commission (PDF)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-06. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
^ "Annual Estimates for the Population of Counties in Oklahoma (U.S. Census)". Retrieved 2007-06-29.
This page was last edited on 6 February 2019, at 20:46 (UTC).
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0.998471 |
Facts: Francisco Abellana was charged with the City Court of Ozamis City with the crime of physical injuries through reckless imprudence in driving his cargo truck, hitting a motorized pedicab resulting in injuries to its passengers, namely, Marcelo Lamason, Maria Gurrea, Pacienciosa Flores, and Estelita Nemeño. Abellana was found guilty as charged, damages in favor of the offended parties likewise being awarded.
Abellana appealed such decision to the CFI. At this stage, Lamason et.al. filed with another branch of the CFI of Misamis Occidental a separate and independent civil action for damages allegedly suffered by them from the reckless driving of Abellana. In such complaint, Crispin Abellana, the alleged employer, was included as defendant. Both of them then sought the dismissal of such action principally on the ground that there was no reservation for the filing thereof in the City Court of Ozamis. It was argued by them that it was not allowable at the stage where the criminal case was already on appeal. The judge in the latter CFI ordered on 28 April 1967 that the City Court judgment is vacated and a trail de novo be conducted. He noted that the offended parties failed to expressly waive the civil action or reserved their right to institute it separately in the City Court; but which they filed in the CFI. In view of the waiver and reservation, the Court would be precluded from judging civil damages against the accused and in favor of the offended parties. the motion to dismiss is denied. A motion for reconsideration was likewise denied. Hence, the petition.
The Supreme Court dismissed the petition with costs against petitioners.
The rule in the jurisdiction of the Court is that upon appeal by the defendant from a judgment of conviction by the municipal court, the appealed decision is vacated and the appealed case shall be tried in all respects anew in the CFI as if it had been originally instituted in that court (Section 7 of Rule 123, People v. Jamisola). So it is in civil cases under Section 9 of Rule 40. An interpretation that an independent civil action is barred absent a reservation under Section 1 of Rule 111 is a non-sequitur, as the inference does not per se arise from the wordings of the rule and ignores what is explicitly provided in Section 7, Rule 123.
A court is to avoid construing a statute or legal norm in such a manner as would give rise to a constitutional doubt. The grant of power to the Court, both in the present Constitution and under the 1935 Charter, does not extend to any diminution, increase or modification of substantive right. Thus, substantive right cannot to be frittered away by a construction that could render it nugatory, if through oversight, the offended parties failed at the initial stage to seek recovery for damages in a civil suit. Article 33 of the Civil Code is quite clear when it provides that in cases of physical injuries.
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0.998179 |
The slogan “Don’t mess with Texas” was designed to help reduce littering on Texas roadways but quickly came to symbolize the Lone Star state’s defiance on so many issues. There’s no better example of that than Gov. Greg Abbott’s reaction to a controversial court ruling challenging the Second Amendment.
The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, by a 7-4 vote, ruled Thursday that there is no constitutional right to carry a concealed handgun.
“The protection of the Second Amendment — whatever the scope of that protection may be — simply does not extend to the carrying of concealed firearms in public by members of the general public,” the appeals court said.
Somehow, you just know the Texas governor means it… and well over 5,000 social media users love the notion.
@GregAbbott_TX @emoblues That’s it. I’m moving to TX.
@GregAbbott_TX Thank you, Gov. Abbott!! This is one of the many reasons we elected you!!Keep up the great work!! ????????????????????????
@GregAbbott_TX May I have an application for citizenship in TX when you leave the union?
@mcgregorgirl1 @GregAbbott_TX @DaisyMae84 Hmm with today’s courts… maybe you can… Identify as Texan.
@GregAbbott_TX The fantasy that Leftists have that Texans shall ever meekly line up & turn in their CCW permits is kinda sad, really.
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0.943882 |
Why are tendons made of dense regular connective tissue but the dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue?
Tendons and ligaments are made of dense regular connective tissue because they need a strong structure.
The dense regular connective tissue (CT) is different than dense irregular connective tissue. Both tissues are densely packed with collagen, a strong fibrous protein. However, they are organized differently. The dense regular CT's collagen fibers are arranged in parallel lines where the dense irregular CT's collagen fibers are packed in all different directional orientations.
The more organized the tissue, the stronger it is. The tendons and ligaments have to be strong to stand up to all of the stress we put on them, including holding much of our body weight. The reticular layer of the dermis (where you find dense irregular CT) doesn't have to be as strong. Therefore, the collagen fibers don't have to be as organized.
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0.960785 |
After upgrading from Windows 7 to Windows 10, can I restore Windows 7 raw image without license issues?
I bought a refurbished system that came with Windows 7. I imaged my hard drive using an Ubuntu live CD (cat /dev/sda > windows7.img) so I can revert to a clean system later.
If I do a free upgrade to Windows 10, and later revert to my Windows 7 image, will it present licensing issues? That is, will Microsoft servers remember that I installed Windows 10 and complain when it sees my computer running Windows 7 again with the same license?
Also, does the answer depend on the type of license? This machine had a Windows 7 Pro license, but the (Microsoft-authorized) refurbisher crossed out the sticker and put a different one on.
I want to upgrade to Windows 10 for my own use. But I might give this machine away in a few months, and I want the new owner to have the option of running Windows 7.
For starters, I hope the command that you ran, cat /dev/sda > windows7.img didn't try to save that .img file on the /dev/sda disk.
Second, what was the reason for doing the whole disk, rather than the Windows 7 partition, i.e. /dev/sda1, or whatever it is?
Third, if you have a disk large enough to hold the whole image, why not just install Windows 10 on that disk and boot it, and save the Windows 7 disk, unused, until you're sure that you're either keeping the computer, and Windows 10, or rolling back to Windows 7? Remove the new disk, replace the old disk, and it's a Window 7 machine again.
Now the question. Windows 7, as installed, has a license, and Key that should be on the new sticker that the refurbisher attached. That key code will always be good for that computer with Windows 7, no matter how many different times you install other versions of Windows on it. If you have the install DVD for it, or if there is a built-in way to create one, then you can even wipe the disk and install from scratch and use that same Key code. Of course, doing that will loose all the custom drivers, and other setup, done by the refurbisher. If you do install Windows 7 multiple times, eventually, when you try to activate it, you will be bumped up to a live person who will verify that you have only one installation with that Key, on only one computer. Still, they will activate it.
If you do as planned: upgrade to Windows 10 (if the free upgrade actually is still available), then that should include a new Key code for Windows 10. Things may have changed as of Windows 8, or higher, so I'm not sure, but in the earlier versions, once you have that Key code, if you later wiped the disk and then did an upgrade fresh (requiring, of course that you install something to upgrade from), you could, again, use that same Key code for the upgrade. Always, by license, and by their system, limited to exactly one installation on one computer. So, the Windows 10 installation will have its own Key code, and license, neither of which invalidates the Windows 7 Key code or license. If, after the upgrade, you blow out the Windows 10 and restore the image you made, it will be as if you reset time. Unless you change some hardware in between then and now, it won't even need to be activated again. As far as MS is concerned, nothing ever happened.
As mentioned in comments by @Run5k below, the free upgrade expired almost 7 months ago, so the process may be moot for you. Free, or not, the details are still the same. So if you buy and install Windows 10 rather than the free upgrade, the situation remains as above. The benefit to a purchased install DVD is that it's not tied to the copy of Windows 7 installed on the machine already, so if you revert the computer to Windows 7 and give it away, the Windows 10 is still yours to install on any other computer you get later.
As to hardware changes and reactivation, there is a guarded algorithm that Microsoft uses. The installation process examines the computer and compiles a "signature" for it. Different elements carry different weights in that process. When Windows reboots it re-examines the hardware and creates a new "signature" and compares that with the one it has from installation. Once the two differ beyond a certain threshold, reactivation is forced. This is, BTW, a totally offline process, so going offline will not defeat it. Since it's a guarded process, I can't say how much you can change before it triggers, but the more integral it is to the computer the more likely it will count. Adding a sound card likely won't, neithe will changing the video card, or adding more drives. OTOH, doing all three might do it. In Windows XP I know that changing the NIC, and nothing else, was enough to cross the line, while adding a second NIC was not. If you do other upgrades to the computer, then revert to Windows 7, it is possible that they may add up enough to require reactivation, but if it does, it's a simple process. It's usually automated, and even when it's an extreme case, once you get to an operator on the phone, they have you verify that you have one installation, on one computer, and it's reactivated. At one point in '07 I was doing some expirements and multiple reinstalls of XP and Vista, and ended up doing phone reactivation 3 or 4 times a week. But, every time, it was the same thing; just explain that I'd wiped and reinstalled, or that I'd made major system changes, and activation code was given.
When you install your windows on another hard drive it "should" ask you you're licence key or you could have problems. In any case, you could reassign your key and activate your licence. Just go to Settings > System & Security > Activation and click on that troubleshoot button or link. then jsut follow the instruction to reassign it to your account and you should be good to go.
It did that when i changed by windows 10 to my 5tb wd hard drive. everything was the same except that hard drive. i just had to reassign my key to my new system and it was good to go.
EDIT: to answer your question, when you do the upgrade to Windows 10 and use you're microsoft account, it will record you're licence key and keep it in your account. So when you revert back to 7 and reinstall it later it will recognized your computer. The only way is if you use that key on another computer completely or do small enough change that their "server" detects another computer for example: "upgrading to 10, changing hard drive, installing 7 and upgrade to 10. That change in hard drive could be enough to not get you activated. But like I mentionned previously, you have a chance (light chance) to re-assign you're key to your computer.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged windows-7 windows-10 license disk-image or ask your own question.
Can a Vista 64-bit OEM license be upgraded to Windows 7 running as either 64 /32-bit?
how to clean install windows 10 onto a working system?
Upgrading Windows 10 Home to Pro with Windows 7 pro license?
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0.999999 |
Are you asking yourself how to invest in stocks, which strategy is the best? Core-satellite is well established and successful investment approach.
Every investor is looking for the best strategy about how to invest in stocks. Many different investment strategies exist, some are short-term (momentum, penny stocks, following insiders, shorting, news trading, gap trading, extended hours trading), while others are mid-term and special (ETF trading, Elliott Wave, Fibonacci, contrarian) or long-term (income, value, growth). Each investment strategy has its pros and cons and many specifics, requiring special knowledge to be successful. One of the latest, established and most successful investment approaches is core-satellite strategy, which is a perfect solution and the right answer to the question about how to invest in stocks for almost any investor, regardless of his knowledge in the area of finance and investing.
Core-satellite strategy combines "core" or diversifying asset class investments, with "satellites" that seek outperformance; it combines index and active investments across asset classes - creating a balance between a strong foundation based on diversified asset allocation and opportunities for risk-controlled, enhanced performance. Core-satellite investment approach successfully balances among three primary ingredients: the science of managing risk and return, the art associated with experience and insight, and the reality of managing emotions such as greed and fear. You can read more basics about core-satellite investment approach in special article: Build Your Stock Market Portfolio With Core-Satellite Investment Approach.
Now let's look at the necessary steps of implementing a core-satellite portfolio.
Risk profile analysis remains the first step in portfolio construction formulation. An investor's goals, personal situation, preferences and risk tolerance, all need to be considered to build an investor's risk profile - then matched to an appropriate asset allocation across shares, property, fixed interest, cash and other assets.
By closely mirroring asset class benchmarks, index investments such as ETFs can help an investor stay broadly diversified, in line with their asset allocation, and on track to meet goals - all while lowering overall costs.
Within each asset class, decisions need to be made around the proportion of "core" to be allocated to indexing and the proportion to active management or direct shares. This can be dependent on the level of risk an investor is prepared to take on, of outperformance/underperformance compared to market and the level of tax efficiency investor desires. The mix of index and active chosen may vary from sector to sector. In some asset classes where the indexing case is particularly strong (for example REITs) it may be appropriate to have 100% indexed.
With the core established, seek extra return or alpha only where the risk trade-off warrants it. Use individual securities, separately managed accounts, mutual funds and even ETFs as satellites.
Finally, you need to decide on an index manager for the "core" (not all index managers are the same), as well as the number of active manager "satellites" chosen to complement the core. Ideally managers selected should correlate differently to the index core. In some sectors you may require only one or two managers, in other sectors you may require more.
Incorporating a diversified index fund at the "core" of a portfolio is an alternative for investors who prefer a low cost total solution without needing to constantly rebalance their portfolio.
However, there is a need of rebalancing the portfolio from time to time and core-satellite approach offers a flexible solution to efficient low cost rebalancing. If active manager is underperforming the asset class benchmark, you simply rebalance by using more index investment tracking the asset class benchmark and less with the active manager. If active manager is outperforming the asset class benchmark, you simply start with a combination of index and active investments within that asset class and when it is time to rebalance, sell some of the index position.
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0.948987 |
If a photograph is a recording of a moment in time, a memory, than can a collection of photographs be said to be a collection of memories, or are they something more? Viggo Mortensen's newest book of photographs, Ramas Para Un Nido (literally translated as Branches for a Nest), published by Perceval Press, is a collection of pictures taken by the author at various times and locations over the past couple of decades.
However, the photos aren't arranged in any chronological, or geographical, order. In his introductory note to the collection of images he refers to it as a "distillation of isolated instances". Perhaps more telling are the quotes he's bookended his photos with, from the late Danish writer Klaus Rifbjerg before and the late American playwright Sam Shepard after.
"And the moment you start a journey, you are on your way home. I travel to come home. I'm always on my way home". (translated from Danish) Rifbjerg.
I've deliberately crammed the two together for both the themes they express and how they relate to the images in the book. There's also the simple reason that, aside from the two paragraph forward mentioned above, and the dates and titles of the images, they represent the book's only text. Either Mortensen assumes we are aware enough to form our own opinions and don't have any need of words to do so, or he prefers to let the images stand alone and speak for themselves.
For when you look at any collection of images, be it photographs or paintings, you end up at them both singularly and collectively. It doesn't matter how the curator has displayed them in a gallery or an editor arranged them in a book, there will be those images which will stand out and form the strongest impression. In fact they may well be what causes you to decide there is a particular theme or thought behind what you have just seen.
You think he might be breaking the pattern when you've find he's also clumped together a few shots from a trip to Nablus in the West Bank, but then you discover another from the same location somewhere else. However, from the variety of locations picture in the book, North Africa, North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East, you do form the impression the photographer is a bit of a vagabond.
You could even go so far as to say the photos represent his search for that very mythical 'home' referenced in both the opening and closing quotes of the book. However, on close examination you'll see many of these photos are of people's home. From the fields their food is grown in, to the streets they walk down, to the shop windows they pass on their way to wherever they go each day. Everything we experience in our day to day life, the trees in a park, the graffiti on a wall, or an abandoned building are all part of our definition of home.
Home can be an abstract, some sort of philosophical underpinning which creates the values we hold dear, but it is also the prosaic and the mundane. Mortensen's photos show us those details of life we take for granted, those details which without our knowing it have shaped our definition of where we live, what we call home.
Instead of taking the typical tourist pictures of places like Palermo or Istanbul he shows us what the people see every day. There's nothing exotic or fancy about them, they are places just like anywhere else, just like our place. In Shepard's quote he talks about the nostalgia for a place called home. But nostalgia isn't reality, it's seeing the past through the lens of thinking it was better then things are today.
Mortensen's photos, individually and collectively, show us home for what it is. It's no great flag waving statement, it just is. A place we come from, where we shop, where we eat and where we go for walks in the street or the park. There's nothing glamorous about any of the photos in this book, but when you come down to it there's nothing really glamorous about home - its familiar and comfortable.
Ramas Para Un Nido is a collection of beautiful and simple photographs which will have you rethinking your notion of home and appreciating the simple beauty of the prosaic. Mortensen's eye for detail is astonishing, and it's this eye which manages to capture the little things in life which make up home.
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0.999918 |
Music streaming, though convenient and accessible anywhere, forges a very shallow relationship between you and the music.
Records don’t only represent an artists' work, but they represent a particular fan’s connection to that work.
The rise of streaming services has undoubtedly shifted the way music is discovered, shared and experienced.
Shifting from analog to digital, today's generation of avid listeners have seemingly transitioned away from compiling physical collections, becoming accustomed to downloading albums, creating playlists and storing their entire music library on mobile devices. Yet, despite new mediums emerging, what connects fans from every era is an appreciation for developing a deeply personal relationship with the artists and songs they love.
While headlines are dominated by the ongoing battle between digital giants like Spotify and Apple Music, one Colorado startup is fueling a thriving sub-culture of record collectors actively bridging the generational gap between die-hard music fans.
Founded in 2013, Vinyl Me, Please (VMP) is a membership-based record club that distributes original, re-issued and custom vinyl recordings to fans around the world. Since starting with just 12 paid subscribers, the company has quickly evolved into a growing network of over 20,000 members globally. Each month, every member receives a hand-selected vinyl delivered directly to their door, pressed on colored or patterned vinyl, and sent along with a custom art print and cocktail recipe.
VMP also operates an online store that gives visitors access to a curated catalog of exclusive pressings and box sets. Their digital shop further showcases recordings from independent and emerging artists across genres, making their site a trusted destination for purely discovering new music without the assistance of algorithms or pre-determined preferences. In addition to running an online store, their digital magazine drives over 500,000 monthly unique visitors, featuring original video content, editorial stories and artist interviews.
Focusing on expanding their community and connecting members through physical experiences, the group hosts a nationwide series of concerts and events, collaborating with brands like Mastercard and Tumblr to execute experiential activations all throughout the year.
I spoke with co-founders Tyler Barstow, Matt Fiedler and Cameron Schaefer about the vision behind their company, the resurgence of vinyl, and the role physical experiences play in shaping the future of music.
In the era of streaming, many see collecting records as a lost art or fading trend in music What was the thinking behind VMP and do you believe there's a future for Vinyl?
Matt: I’m 29 years old, and I’m a product of the Napster generation. My first interaction with music discovery was downloading music. Most of my interactions with music have been through streaming on some kind on a device. As everything becomes digitized and more convenient, I’ve grown to develop a deeper appreciation for having a physical connection to the music. Although you can open Netflix and search through an extensive catalog of on-demand movies from your living room, there’s still something about the experience of going to theaters and watching the movies you love or really want to see. That tangible experience is what makes me willingly spend money to purchase a ticket, hire a babysitter, and take my wife out. Those experiences create a deeper connection to things. Music streaming, though convenient and accessible anywhere, forges a very shallow relationship between you and the music. With vinyl, you can feel it and experience it in a way you simply can’t with a streaming service. As we become accustomed to experiencing everything through screens on our mobile devices, there becomes a desire to be around real people and share real experiences with things.
Tyler: We are obviously physical creatures interacting in a physical world, and we have innate instincts to collect and connect with the things that matter most to us. In many ways, vinyl records are a representation of that. You can go to someone’s house, look through their record collection, and you are legitimately learning about that person. Records don’t only represent an artists' work, but they represent a particular fan’s connection to that work. As a fan, you can link specific moments, experiences and emotions to the music that make an album important to you. Seeing music as an art form is understanding that it embodies something beyond you, making it somewhat sacred in some respect. Many years from now, we could reach a point where the internet has shaped our lives so much that we develop the same attachment to digital things. But, for now, it’s one of the most authentic ways you can show your appreciation for an artist. It’s like collecting art, or buying a meaningful and timeless piece of art that you keep in your house.
Cam: There’s obvious value, but there isn't anything really inspiring about collecting digital music. For our parent’s generation, they treated records like most of us treated CD’s. We kept them with us at all times. Now, digital has filled that utility role, and vinyl has transitioned to become the art. The commodification of music has led to the bastardization of it as well. It can make the rich experience of music feel cheap or lacking that true connection that we used to have.
Most millennials know what it’s like to have a CD player or iPod, but few owned record players -- How are you creating that connection and bridging the generational gap?
Matt: My initial reaction is that it may end up skipping a generation, to where 15 or 16-year olds today may not understand the value. On the other hand, I think they may see the experience as unique and something they’ve never experienced before that attracts them to owning vinyl. So, I think the trend will continue with Gen Z, but become even more adopted by the generation after them. The three of us each have kids between the ages of 2-5, and they are growing up listening to records from our collections, which will be their introduction into music. You can have music available to you anywhere, at any time, but it’s up to you how you choose to interact with it. My two year old loves taking my records and playing with them. She loves looking at the pictures, taking them out and putting them on the record player. That’s an experience she will always have and remember. I think through that she will grow up with an attachment to the physicality of music, and more specifically vinyl.
Tyler: We’re huge fans of platforms like Spotify, and love how they’ve opened up music and created a new world for artists to be discovered all over the world. But, I think that it subtly engenders this idea in young people’s mind that music is fundamentally about you. When you log into Spotify or Apple Music, there’s a section for you. There’s also suggested playlists that presumably tell you what you’re going to like. Vinyl is a medium that makes it very clear that there is a boundary between you and the world an artist has created for you. You may like the music, but you don’t have a sense that you had anything to do with making it — it’s the same way with a book. That boundary is an important one to preserve. Digital blends that distinction between artist and fan a little too much, and I appreciate the way vinyl restores that.
The internet has also completely revolutionized artist discovery -- With fans today searching Soundcloud or Spotify for new music instead of hitting record stores, how do you balance embracing digital experience but keeping that personal connection?
Cam: The experience of going into a record store and not knowing what you will find has been somewhat lost in the digital era, because everything about discovery is based on your previous listens and taste. What’s happened is that it’s taken away the element of serendipity and the fact that there’s music out there that you have no previous connection to, that has no ties to your taste or background, yet it still may be just the thing you need to hear that day. We all grow up with a cool older brother or sister that was listening to stuff that we had never heard and passed it down. Or, we all had a weird aunt or uncle that had a huge record collection and explained why you needed to listen to the Pink Floyd album front to back. I think that’s something record stores have been such big champions of for so long. When it comes to picking our monthly records for our audience, it says that we’ve listened to a ton of records and feel like if you listen to one new thing this month, this is worth your while. At the same time, we have our online store to offer diversity. We offer reissues or exclusive releases across genres, giving people a chance to discover music they may have never been exposed to otherwise. We think there’s something interesting about the number of titles available and how you go through your decision-making cycle around that. We’ve found that 30-40 titles is the max that you can offer someone before their mental switch takes them into a passive mode where they only pick what they like. When you offer a limited selection, they can actually go through each title, listen, and essentially buy a new record for the first time.
What were some of the challenges you faced when first introducing the idea and getting VMP off the ground?
Matt: The real challenge we initially faced was that none of us have ever done this before. I’ve never been a CEO before, and I never really had a good manager before. So, the essential things like how do you build a business and make it grow, how you hire people and so forth were hard to overcome. When we came up with the idea in the Summer of 2012, it’s something we shared with a couple of friends. The overwhelming response was ‘no way, why would I let someone else pick my music!" People thought we were idiots, because so many people tried things like this and failed so many times before, so they told us there was no way it would be successful. That was hard to overcome, because when you’re first starting a business, you want your idea validated in some capacity — but it wasn’t. Following some naivety and stupidity, we decided we were going to do it anyway. We moved forward having no idea of what it would become, so for that, we’ve already surpassed our expectations. We were young, working jobs we didn’t like, and just wanted to try it and put it out there to see what would happen. Now, not only are the three of us only doing this full-time, but we have 1-15 other people working full-time on it with a customer base that extends around the world. The challenge initially was proving to people we were a legitimate company that wouldn’t crash and burn. We had to assure people in the industry that they could trust us with their music and their artists. On the consumer side, the challenge was letting people know they could trust our ability to curate and pick music they would love. The overarching challenge now is just consistency, and seeing how long we cn keep doing this.
You also have a series of live events that bring the club together — Describe the grassroots ecosystem you've created and how each element plays a part in in the way people experience music?
Matt: For me, music is something I’ve always found refuge in. Being a teenager trying to make sense of the world, music is where I found a home. It’s also where I found belonging, friends, and developed an understanding of the world around me. What we’re trying to do, on a broad spectrum, is bring real music experiences to people that allows that to happen. Tyler has a great saying that through music you’re able to find yourself, and through that you’re able to find your place inside of this world. The record of the month is obviously a product, but the essence of it is that here’s a piece of music that you can take something away from — whether you like it or not — and allow that to impact your life. With our events, the message is sit down, interact with people, and enjoy the music in a way that allows you to dig a little deeper. We want to bring people closer to music and help people discover themselves through the music and connect to a community of people who, despite different backgrounds, share so many similarities. It’s bigger than the brand or products, it’s about a movement that brings people together through real music experiences.
Cam: There’s a difference between the average music fan and the die-hard music fans. People who are die-hard music fans can often times feel lonely. They can have a conversation about music with a friend and quickly realize that the music means something completely different to someone else as it means to them. It’s one thing to throw music in the background when you’re cooking dinner or working out, and it’s another thing to bring people together and sit down to listen to an album with no other intention outside of getting lost in the music. I feel like our members care about the details and really experiencing music in a more personal way. They want to share their commitment to music and realize there are other people with a shared passion. Our audience represents people with very strong opinions about music, and even if they don’t agree with each other, there’s a mutual respect that they’re connected to people with a same respect for the music. We want people to develop deep relationships with artists and music that matters.
There’s this idea that if you like Vinyl then you’re anti-streaming and vice versa — How does vinyl fit into the world of streaming and how do you want people to understand the relationship?
Matt: A lot of people now are using streaming and digital as a way to do the initial filtering of deciding what’s worth buying on vinyl. Because digital is usually free or very affordable to the average listener, it gives you an opportunity to dig through a lot of new music with minimal risk and come up with a list of music you feel strongly enough to own on vinyl. I think that’s the biggest connection we see — streaming can help lead to vinyl sales.
Cam: I don’t think they’re mutually exclusive at all. I’m a lifetime Spotify member and love it. But, there are several songs or albums I will listen to on Spotify, but never choose to buy on vinyl. On the other hand, there are other records I have on vinyl that I wouldn’t think to play on Spotify, because there’s just a certain experience I have with the physical record that if I tried to listen digitally, it wouldn’t feel the same for some reason. So, I see them as complementary in many ways. I believe there is always going to be a physical representation of music, and believe vinyl will always be the physical medium of choice because of the way it is presented. It’s so contrary to streaming, that I think there’s more to get out of it. There’s a world where they can co-exist and offer different values to listeners.
Tyler: Streaming will kill CD’s and will eventually kill TV’s over time. Soon, there won’t even be cars with the capability to play CD’s. So, I think vinyl will continue to grow, because streaming is a feeder to vinyl. It is a way to memorialize the artists and albums you love. But, the way people find the albums or artists they love isn’t by going to a record store anymore, but streaming is the way of discovery. The experience of buying a physical record and saying you own a piece of music you will love forever is always going to exist. The other mediums available to do that just simply won’t exist. I think vinyl is the perfect companion to streaming, and will play a role in how streaming continues to evolve.
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Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.
Modern handball is played on a court of 40 by 20 metres (131 by 66 ft), with a goal in the middle of each end. The goals are surrounded by a 6-meter (20 ft) zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed; goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while "diving" into it. The sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball. The game is fast and high-scoring: professional teams now typically score between 20 and 35 goals each, though lower scores were not uncommon until a few decades ago. Body contact is permitted, the defenders trying to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. No protective equipment is mandated, but players may wear soft protective bands, pads and mouth guards.
The International Handball Federation was formed in 1946 and, as of 2016, has 197 member federations. The sport is most popular in the countries of continental Europe, which have won all medals but one in the men's world championships since 1938. In the women's world championships, only two non-European countries have won the title: South Korea and Brazil. The game also enjoys popularity in East Asia, North Africa and parts of South America.
Returned to the Summer Olympic programme in 1972.
The team handball game of today was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe: primarily in Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The first written set of team handball rules was published in 1906 by the Danish gym teacher, lieutenant and Olympic medalist Holger Nielsen from Ordrup grammar school, north of Copenhagen. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium by men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria by women in 1930.
A standard match has two 30-minute halves with a 10- to 15-minute halftime break. At half-time, teams switch sides of the court as well as benches. For youths, the length of the halves is reduced—25 minutes at ages 12 to 15, and 20 minutes at ages 8 to 11; though national federations of some countries may differ in their implementation from the official guidelines.
If a decision must be reached in a particular match (e.g., in a tournament) and it ends in a draw after regular time, there are at maximum two overtimes, each consisting of two straight 5-minute periods with a one-minute break in between. Should these not decide the game either, the winning team is determined in a penalty shootout (best-of-five rounds; if still tied, extra rounds are added until one team wins).
Since 2012, teams can call 3 team timeouts per game (up to two per half), which last one minute each. This right may only be invoked by the team in possession of the ball. Team representatives must show a green card marked with a black T on the timekeeper's desk. The timekeeper then immediately interrupts the game by sounding an acoustic signal and stops the time. Before 2012, teams were alllwed only one timeout per half. For the purpose of calling timeouts, overtime and shootouts are extensions of the second half.
The IHF defines 18 hand signals for quick visual communication with players and officials. The signal for warning is accompanied by a yellow card. A disqualification for the game is indicated by a red card, followed by a blue card if the disqualification will be accompanied by a report. The referees also use whistle blows to indicate infractions or to restart the play.
If either goalkeeper deflects the ball over the outer goal line, their team stays in possession of the ball, in contrast to other sports like football. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone ("goalkeeper throw"). Passing to one's own goalkeeper results in a turnover. In a penalty shot, throwing the ball against the head of a goalkeeper who is not moving risks a direct disqualification ("red card").
Outside of own D-zone, the goalkeeper is treated as a current field player, and has to follow field players' rules; holding or tackling an opponent player outside the area risks a direct disqualification. The goalkeeper may not return to the area with the ball.
After referees award the ball to the opponents for whatever reason, the player currently in possession of the ball has to lay it down quickly, or risk a two-minute suspension. Also, gesticulating or verbally questioning the referee's order, as well as arguing with the officials' decisions, will normally result in a two-minute suspension. If the suspended player protests further, does not walk straight off the field to the bench, or if the referee deems the tempo deliberately slow, the player can be given an additional two-minute suspension. Illegal substitution (outside of the dedicated area, or if the replacement player enters too early) is also punishable by a two-minute suspension.
The IHF organizes world championships, held in odd-numbered years, with separate competitions for men and women. The IHF World Men's Handball Championship 2019 title holders are Denmark. The IHF 2017 Women's World Championship title holders are France.
^ "8 Things You Didn't Know About Handball". Olympics. IOC. 10 June 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ Barbara Schrodt (6 October 2011). "Team Handball". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica-Dominion Institute.
^ "IHF Rules of the Game: Regulations on Protective Equipment and Accessories" (PDF). Nederlands Handbal Verbond. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
^ "Member Federations". International Handball Federation.
^ Serinex.NET, SegaAlex in. "Handball History : HAND-BALL.ORG". www.hand-ball.org. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^ "The official Handball rules (PDF)" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ "Rules of the Game" (PDF).
^ a b "Handball The Official Website of the 16th Asian Games". Guangzhou Asian Games. 21 August 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
^ "Regulations for IHF Competitions" (PDF). International Handball Federation. September 2007. p. 10. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
^ "Flawless Denmark claim first world title". 27 January 2019.
^ "France make it a double, Norway dethroned". Retrieved 18 December 2017.
^ "Deportes Panamericanos - Balonmano" (in Spanish). Guadalajara 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
^ "Handball at the 2007 All Africa Games in Algiers". International Handball Federation. 20 July 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
^ "Bylaws" (PDF). International Handball Federation. September 2007. p. 7. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
^ a b cie. "World record: 44,189 spectators in Frankfurt". www.handball-world.com. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^ "Athens 2004 - Series F coins". Fleur de Coin. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
^ "London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games". RoyalMint.com. 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
The editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, ed. (3 May 2017). "Team handball". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The African Handball Confederation, (acronym CAHB) referring to a (French: Confédération Africaine de Handball), is the administrative and controlling body for African team handball. Founded on 15 January 1973 after the 2nd All-Africa Games in Lagos (Nigeria), it represents the national handball associations of Africa under the supervision of the International Handball Federation (IHF).
The CAHB headquarters is located in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Its current President is the Dr. Mansourou Aremou from Benin. The motto of the organisation is Let's build African Handball together.
The IHF Beach Handball World Championships is an international beach handball competition contested by the men's and women's national teams of the member federations/associations of International Handball Federation (IHF), the sport's global governing body.
The tournament was established in 2004, taking place every two years to allow continental tournaments to flourish without the burden of the World Championship qualifiers crowding the schedule every 12 months. The current tournament format lasts over approximately 6 days and involves 16 teams initially competing in four groups of four teams. The group winners and runners-up advance to a series of knock-out stages until the champion is crowned. The losing semi-finalists play each other in a play-off match to determine the third and fourth-placed teams.
The most recent edition was held in Kazan (Russia), and crowned Brazil as champions defeating defending champions Croatia by 2–0 in the final of men's category. Debutants Greece claimed title in women's category by defeating Norway in the final by 2–1.
Beach handball is a team sport where two teams pass and bounce or roll a ball, trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team. The game is similar to team handball, but it is played on sand instead of in a sports hall; because the ball loses most of its bounce on sand, there is little to no dribbling, and players instead perform more passing as the rule of traveling still applies.
Matches are played in two or three sets, depending on when a team wins their second set of the game. If teams are tied at the end of a regular set then the teams will play for a golden goal. The teams will try to win a jump ball and the first goal wins the set. If the teams are tied at the end of 2 sets then the teams will participate in a tie breaker. The tie break involves a goalie throwing the ball to his/her own player while that player attempts to score one-on-one with the opposing goalie. During regular play, if the goalkeeper scores a goal this counts as two points, compared to a normal goal scored by an outfield player which counts as 1 point. Creative or spectacular goals, such as 360 degree jumps and alley-oops, are awarded with two points, as well as inflights and 6 meter throws.
The official rules of Beach Handball were internationally made in 2002. The first European Championships was played in the year 2000.
As of September 2014, Brazil is ranked the number 1 country in the world, and is the winner of the world championship in both men's and women's divisions at the 2014 Beach Handball World Championships.
The EHF Champions League is the most important handball club competition for men's teams in Europe and involves the leading teams from the top European nations. The competition is organised every year by EHF. The official name for the men's competition is the VELUX EHF Champions League, since the VELUX Group began their title sponsorship of the competition in the 2010/11 season.
The EHF coefficient rank decides which teams have access and in which stage they enter.
The European Handball Federation (EHF) is the umbrella organisation for European handball. Founded on 17 November 1991, it is made of 50 member federations and two associated federations (England and Scotland), and is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The current EHF President is Michael Wiederer, who was elected on 17 November 2016 and will serve until 2020. The federation celebrated its 20th anniversary on 17 November 2011 at a gala event under the slogan 'HeartBeat Handball'.
The European Men's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior men's national handball teams of Europe and takes place every two years since 1994, in the even-numbered year between the World Championship. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. The most successful team is Sweden who have won four titles. Spain, however, have won most medals.
The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national handball teams of Europe, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. As of December 2018, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (seven times), Denmark (three times), Hungary, Montenegro and France (once).
Futbol Club Barcelona Handbol, for sponsorship reasons FC Barcelona Lassa, is a Spanish handball team based in Barcelona, Catalonia. It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi sports club, and was founded on 29 November 1942. The club competes domestically in the Liga ASOBAL and in the European Champions League. It is the most successful handball club in Spain and Europe with a record number of domestic and international titles.
Gaelic handball (known in Ireland simply as handball; Irish: liathróid láimhe) is a sport where players hit a ball with a hand or fist against a wall in such a way as to make a shot the opposition cannot return, and that may be played with two (singles) or four players (doubles). The sport, popular in Ireland, is similar to American handball, Welsh handball, fives, Basque pelota, Valencian pilota, and more remotely to racquetball and squash. It is one of the four Gaelic games organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). GAA Handball is the section of the GAA that deals with the sport.
Handball or handpass is a skill in the sport of Australian rules football. It is the primary means of disposing of the football by hand, and is executed by holding the ball with one hand and punching it with the other.
The handball tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 28 July to 12 August in the Olympic Park.
Preliminary rounds and the quarter-finals were held in the Copper Box while the semi-finals and final took place in the larger Basketball Arena.
Medals were awarded in a men's tournament and a women's tournament. The gold medals were won by France (men) and Norway (women).
Handball at the Summer Olympics refers to two different sports. Field handball was introduced for men at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but dropped after that. At the 1952 Olympics, field handball was a demonstration sport. (Indoor) handball was introduced for men at the 1972 Summer Olympics, also on German territory. Women's handball competition was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
The World Men's Handball Championship has been organized by the International Handball Federation since 1938. The competition has been dominated by European countries. It has been won the most times by France who won 6 titles, including 4 of the last 6 championships. The most recent champion is Denmark, winning its maiden title in 2019.
The IHF World Women's Handball Championship has been organized by the International Handball Federation since 1957.
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. Teams take turns, with the one with the largest number of successful goals after a specified number of attempts being the winner. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
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Did you know that the honeybee is the only insect that makes food for humans to eat? Honey is the only food that never spoils! When the honeybee puts the flower nectar into her honey sac inside her body, she mixes three important enzymes into the nectar that makes it into honey. What is an enzyme? An enzyme converts one thing into another. The three enzymes honeybees add to nectar are called invertase, diastase, and glucose oxidase. These enzymes are what give honey its medicinal properties and allows it to stay fresh for many years.
Once the honeybee flies back to her hive box, she puts the nectar into a wax cell in the honeycomb. When the wax cell is full of nectar, she fans the nectar with her wings to reduce the water content, and now she has made what we call it honey. She caps the cell with a thin layer of wax to protect the honey to use as food later.
Each enzyme added by honeybees serves a purpose. Invertase converts most of the sucrose of nectar into glucose and fructose. In other words, it converts one kind of sugar found in nectar into two alternative sugars. Diastase becomes an essential part of the honey which breaks down starch into glucose. It is important that this takes place because glucose is the easiest sugar molecule to digest. This means that these first two enzymes help make honey healthy for eating. The last enzyme, glucose oxidase works to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Each of these helps protect unripe honey from getting bad bacteria and helps to protect against fermentation. Without these three enzymes, honey could easily become spoiled, would be harder to digest, and could even become contaminated with bacteria.
Honey is great for eating and baking, but honey can also be used outside the kitchen as well. It has many healing properties and can be used to help with allergies, provide all-natural energy, boost memory, suppress coughs, aid sleep, treat dandruff, heal wounds and burns, strengthen immune systems and even help in anti-cancer treatments. Honey is truly remarkable. Without the honeybee and the special enzymes they produce, we would not have honey. We can be thankful for this special insect ~ the honeybee!
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Provide exceptional customer service in a safe and clean environment that encourages our customers to return. Embrace the Customer 1st strategy and encourage associates to deliver excellent customer service. Demonstrate the company's core values of respect, honesty, integrity, diversity, inclusion and safety of others.
Tender customer transactions in quick and efficient manners.
Stay current with present, future, and special ads.
Understand and adhere to the company's limits on cash shortages and works honestly and effectively to control loss.
Understand and adhere to shrink guidelines as it relates to front end operations.
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We are looking for a professional yet good looking brochure for upcoming trade shows. The brochure will be 2, 8.5" x 11" pages. The inside will give an overview of the products / solutions we offer while the front and back will have our contact info and logo.
The target audience for this brochure will be potential customers so it needs to be professional and clear. We want to give people an idea of the products / solutions we offer while not flooding them with too many details. Therefore, well chosen pictures should be used rather than lots of text to describe our products. Also, please give preference to images related to transportation, specifcally buses.
- Brochure: 2 pages, each 8.5" x 11"
- Final design should be at least 200ppi.
- Front: This should have our logo and some good looking graphics. Keep it professional looking and not too flashy.
- Inside: These two pages will give an overview of the products / solutions we offer. Please try to use pictures to describe each solution rather than lots of text (although, some text will be necessary).
- Real-time vehicle tracking: We use GPS and cellular networks to track the buses in realtime. Bus positions are updated every 6 seconds.
- Interactive voice response (IVR): people can call a phone number and hear when their shuttle will arrive. They can choose from a listing of routes and also stops to find out when their shuttle will be at that stop.
- Route analytics: we track different parameters and provide reports to customers. For example, they can get excel reports showing the entire listing of the passengers entering and leaving each bus stop for the last month. Or they can get a report that will average out the time the bus was idle at each stop. Or the time it took the shuttle to do a loop. Customers can then see if during certain times of the day their shuttles run slowly or take long breaks.
- Vehicle history: you can see a complete history of your vehicles plotted out on a map. Or you can play back their history as if it was happing in realtime and watch it on a map.
- Location and speed alerts: we can alert people if a bus leaves a specific area (if it goes outside of a city when it shouldn't) or if the bus goes over a certain speed. Also, we can give speed alerts for different areas (inside of a city it may be 25mph while the highway would be 65).
- Too much text: Try to use pictures rather than words to describe the features.
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I show how to start a fire using a cell phone or smartphone battery. To do this you will need foil paper and a cell phone battery. The foil paper can be found from cigarette/chocolate packaging and various other products. Then you will need to cut or tear a thin long strip of the foil and make the ends so they can easily make contact with the phone battery. Carefully crumple the strip, so that the flame will not easily be blown out. Remove the battery from the phone and attach the ends of the strip to the positive and negative terminals on the battery. As the current passes through the foil, it heats up and ignites the foil paper. The phone battery has a built in protection circuit so the foil strip should be as thin and long as possible. This is so it won’t prevent the fire from starting. This can also be done with an AA battery and a foil gum wrapper. But when using an AA battery cut the foil paper strip to have a narrow spot in the center.
This technique can be used in a survival scenario where a fire is necessary but matches and lighters are not available. When done properly it is fairly safe, but if done improperly it can be potentially dangerous. So take all of the necessary safety precautions into account if you attempt this. The foil paper gets hot very quickly and you can burn yourself if you are not careful.
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Is Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand? Some people wish it was while others like Hua Hin the way that it is. Hua Hin is definitely growing more every day but to call Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand is stretching it a little bit. Some would disagree with that and would say that Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand is an accurate statement.
The night life in Hua Hin is growing by leaps and bounds because of new bars that open all the time, which could make you consider Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand. Hua Hin is known as a sleepy seaside resort town by the locals instead of Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand. There is a lot of entertainment in Hua Hin that you can do but Bangkok is more of an entertainment town than Hua Hin is.
Whether you think of Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand is another matter. Some people would consider Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand because of all of the different activities that you can do here. There are so many activities that you can do when you are on vacation in Hua Hin. So depending on what you consider entertainment will determine if you think of Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand.
When you are in Hua Hin some of the activities that you can do that might make you think of Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand are shopping at all of the different markets, the sports such as golf that you can play and the amazing restaurants and bars that you can find. Not to mention the beaches and water sports in Hua Hin that could make Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand.
You will not have a shortage of entertainment when you are in Hua Hin. You can find places where you can take elephant rides, go to many different festivals and other events that you will never forget. You can consider Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand if you think that all of these different activities as the entertainment that would make it so. It just all depends on how you look at it. Eventually you will hear all about Hua Hin the entertainment capital of Thailand because of the way that this spectacular vacation town is growing every year.
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PATRICK Warburton is an American actor and voice artist - and he's probably best known for his role as David Puddy on Seinfeld and as the voice of Family Guy's Joe Swanson.
Patrick Warburton was born in Paterson, New Jersey, on November 14, 1964 - that makes him 54.
He is famous for his deep, booming voice and large physique.
Patrick's most notable roles include David Puddy - the on-again, off-again boyfriend of Elaine Benes - on Seinfeld. He starred in 10 episodes from 1995–1998.
He also lends his voice to Joe Swanson in the hit animated show Family Guy. He held that role from 1999–2003 and then from 2005 until the present day.
Warburton has also leant his voice to several animated films and TV programmes, including a lead character in Game Over, Buzz Lightyear and the Little Green Men in Buzz Lightyear of Star Command.
He married wife Cathy Jennings in 1991 and they have four children together - Alexandra, Shane, Gabriel and Talon.
What has Patrick Warburton said about his time on Seinfeld?
Patrick has previously revealed the brevity of his role on Seinfeld wasn't lost on him... so much so, he tried his best to avoid the show's leading man, Jerry Seinfeld, because he didn't want to embarrass himself in front of the star.
He told news.com.au: “Everybody in that cast, they were all so remarkably down to earth.
"I’m still friends with Jason Alexander to this day. I got to know Jerry better when I did Bee Movie because I didn’t work with him that much on set.
“I actually tried to avoid him (Jerry) when we did Seinfeld. The reason being I just didn’t want to stick my foot in mouth or say something stupid.
"I wanted to hit my marks, I wanted to get the laughs and I wanted him to say, ‘I like that Puddy character, let’s bring him back’.
Patrick currently plays Lemony Snicket, the narrator tasked with explaining the events during the lives of the Baudelaires, in season 3 of A Series of Unfortunate Events.
The series - which is now available to stream on Netflix - is based on the children's novel series A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket.
It also stars Neil Patrick Harris, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith.
Speaking about his role on the series, Patrick has previously said he tried his best not to "ruin" things for fans.
He told Inverse: "As actors, we all want to engage. The role of narrator is isolating to a degree, even though Lemony is on-camera and I walk through the scenes.
"There’s no interaction besides me breaking the fourth wall and talking to the audience, so it’s a different process.
"The writing is funny and smart and doesn’t need to be a wink or a nod, or 'isn’t this cute, what I just said?' It needs to be pretty straightforward. My task is simply to not ruin things."
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Which triangles are similar to triangle ABC?
First, let's determine whether ABC and DEF are similar.
In triangle DEF, DE = DEF_SIDES, EF = DEF_SIDES, and FD = DEF_SIDES.
In triangle ABC, AB = ABC_SIDES, BC = ABC_SIDES, and CA = ABC_SIDES.
Substitute in the proper values for each side.
Since not all the proportions are equal, ABC is not similar to DEF.
Next, let's determine whether ABC and GHI are similar.
In triangle GHI, DE = GHI_SIDES, EF = GHI_SIDES, and FD = GHI_SIDES.
Since not all the proportions are equal, ABC is not similar to GHI.
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Music is unanimously appreciated for its psychological and physiological effects on humans. Music is both science and art of regulating tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in sequential relationships to create a composition with harmony and continuity.
Music generates psychological responses within a person when it passes through the auditory cortex of the brain, which processes the music. This processing occurs in the limbic system, which is known as the center of emotions, sensations, and thought patterns. Human reaction to music occurs predominantly in the right hemisphere of the brain, which is involved in intuitive and creative methods of processing information. Through effective response and cognitive recognition, music can alter mood. Thus, a person's frame of mind, reaction to the given music, and musical preference play an important part in mood shift leading to various health outcomes.
Hence, music has been a medium of therapy for centuries, and there are numerous examples of the curative or healing powers of music in the historical records of different traditions.
Music therapy is the use of music and musical elements (sound, rhythm, melody, harmony, and pitch) by a music therapist with a client or group, in a process designed to facilitate and promote communication, relationships, learning, mobilization, and expression. It also aims at other relevant therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional, mental, social, and cognitive needs.
In Indian classical music, music therapy depends on the correct intonation and right use of the basic elements such as nada (sound), shruti (musical interval), swara (note), raga (melody), tala (beat), and laya (rhythm).
The four elements most significant in this context are swara or note, Indian raga or melody, rasa or aesthetic mood, and thaat or mode.
Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni are the seven notes or swaras of the saptak or scale. Each of the notes or swara lowered or raised in pitch are known as komal (flat note) or teevra (sharp note), respectively. Shadja (Sa)and Panchama (Pa)are two steady or natural notes having no distortion or displacement. Rishabha (Re), Gandhara (Ga), Madhyama (Ma), Dhaivata (Dha), and Nishada (Ni) are accepted as having two forms as stated above, namely, one high and one low. We have a total of 12 notes.
is a certain arrangement of the seven notes with a change in shuddha (pure), komal (flat), and teevra (sharp). Every raga has a fixed number of komal (flat/soft) or teevra (sharp) notes, from which the thaat can be recognized. The Shringara rasa or aesthetic mood of love is able to bring out the beauty and harmony that is present in everything. This is the mood in which we concentrate on creating a lovely atmosphere within us and with friends and family.
The ragas are classified according to the shuddha (natural), komal (flat), and teevra (sharp) notes or swaras used and consequently the particular rasas or moods they are able to create. Ragas with shuddha or pure notes (Ri, Ga, Dha) depicts the aesthetic mood or rasa of love; komal or flat Ri and Dha create the aesthetic mood or rasa of compassion and calmness; komal or flat Ga and Ni create the mood of courage in the listener. Listening to Indian ragas, which depict the mood of love, compassion, peace, and courage may be used for dissolving negative thoughts thereby bringing balance in mental and emotional states.
Many college students listen to music to ease the emotional effects of stress and anxiety when engaged in cognitive performance, such as studying for exams, writing the assignments, etc. Many research have shown a positive impact of music showing improvement in the cognitive performance.
In the last two decades, several studies on western music have pointed out that both musical training and music exposure experience lead to an improvement in short-term and long-term verbal memories in both healthy and clinical population. Recovery in the field of verbal memory and focused attention enhanced more significantly in the music group than in the language group (listening to the audio book) and control groups. The music groups were elevated with positive mood than the control group. Music during the early poststroke stage can improve cognitive recovery and prevent negative mood. Music acts as a tool for episodic memory rehabilitation on special populations with memory deficits due to frontal lobe damage such as Alzheimer's patients. Listening to music stimulates cognitive performance such as language and memory. Thus, music could represent a rich and helpful source during verbal encoding and, therefore, help in subsequent retrieval. Music helps the older adults in memory performances by decreasing their prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Active music therapy with 3 months follow-up brought significant improvement in changing inattention, visuomotor coordination, and verbal and spatial memory.
Music also acts as a mood enhancer. Background music in the classroom, for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties showed significant improvement in behavior and mathematics performance. The effects of music on task performance are interceded by the mood or internal environment created rather than affecting cognition directly. Relaxing music led to better performance on arithmetic and memory tasks when compared with a no-music condition.
However, with a variety of music genres available to music listeners, it is also essential to appreciate how different types of music impact performance. The present study aims to understand the effect of listening to a particular Indian raga, which is known to create a particular aesthetic mood and instill calmness in the internal environment. There are no previous studies reporting attention, concentration, and primary working memory in healthy college students after listening to any Indian raga. Therefore, the study was designed to assess the immediate effect of Indian raga Bhupali.
The study uses two control conditions: No-music and instrumental pop music. We sought to determine how no-music session or pop music session affects the same individual and to investigate the effect of the Indian raga on the cognitive performance using the digit span test that requires selective attention and concentration.
We hypothesized that participants who listened to Indian raga Bhupali would be influenced by the aesthetic mood of the song that depicts Shringara rasa or love. This state of mind would bring in relaxation. Further, that it would bring in the selective attention and concentration that is required for performance of the task. We also predicted that listening to Pop music generally liked by the teenagers may be exciting and distracting, may not have positive effect on working memory. The study also had another control condition of no-music or silence that we predicted would not help to silence the mind.
Twenty-six undergraduate college students both male and female, age ranged 18-24 years (18.84 ± 3.53 years) were recruited for the study. They were all students of Residential Yoga University. All of them were of normal health based on a routine case history and clinical examination. All participants expressed their willingness to participate in the experiment, and the project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. The study protocol was explained to the subjects, and their signed consents were obtained.
Assessments were made on three different days, which were not necessarily on consecutive days, but at a time in the evening suitable for listening the Indian raga Bhupali. The allocation of participants to the three sessions was random using a standard random number table. The sessions were raga (R), pop (P), and no-music or silence (S). The duration of the sessions was 10 minutes each. The piece of music in MP3 format set for 10 min was administered to the subject through headphones via laptop in a sound-proof room.
Participants were tested on the memory task immediately before and after the session.
Throughout all the sessions' participants sat comfortably on a reclining chair and kept their eyes closed. The MP3 format of the music both Indian raga and pop was set to 10 min.
We used two pieces of melody in raga Bhupali. The raga is sung in the late evening. Listening to the right raga at the right time is said to smooth the natural transitions and attune the body and mind to the circadian cycle. The songs are popular classical based film music - a. "Jyoti Kalash jhalake" played in confluence of three instruments sitar (Sunil Das), flute (Rakesh Chaurasia), and santoor (Ulhas Bapat) and b. "pankh hote to ud aati re" with flute rendition by Praveen Gorkhindi. Raga Bhupali is from Kalyan Thaat (Lydian mode). This raga uses Ri and Dha teevra or sharp notes, known to instill the aesthetic mood of Shringara or love within the listener. The aesthetic mood of calmness is the culmination of other aesthetic moods or rasas like love, Compassion and Courage and is of transcendental quality.
The term "pop" is originally derived from an abbreviation of "popular." It borrows elements from other preexisting musical styles that include urban, dance, Latin, rock, and country. In general, college students prefer them since they invoke the feeling of excitement.
We used two pieces of melody in pop - a. Electro Pop Beat, "Can't Keep Me Away" by Chinchilla Music Production and b. K-391 - "Sky City 2013" by K-391. Both the pieces of music used synthesizers and various electronic musical instruments.
Memory tasks were selected from the Wechsler memory scale (WMS), which has been standardized for use in an Indian population. The following sections were selected digit span forward and digit span backward with 10 items each. The digit span tests assess attention, concentration, and primary working memory. Each correct answer was scored as "1" (for digit span forward or backward). This was based on the conventional scoring for WMS. Parallel worksheets were prepared, changing the digits to eliminate serial testing artifacts when retesting.
Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 16.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL). There were separate repeated measures of analyses of variance (ANOVA) for each of the assessments, with two within subject factors [i.e., time (before, after) and sessions (raga, pop, silence)]. Posthoc analysis was with Bonferroni adjustment, comparing after with before values.
Digit span forward scores differed significantly between sessions (F = 1.98, P < 0.05).
The increase in scores for the digit span forward tasks following listening to raga was significantly greater (3.17%) than pop music (1.02%) and silence or no-music condition (0.17%). [Table 1] denotes the pre- and postresults of group's mean and standard deviation (SD) for the three sessions of Indian raga, pop music, and silence or no-music conditions.
Digit span backward scores also differed between sessions (F = 2.51, P < 0.05).
The increase in scores for the digit span backward tasks following listening to raga was significantly greater (5.26 %), than pop music (1.4 %) and silence or no-music condition (1.87 %). [Table 2] denotes the pre- and postresults of group's mean and standard deviation (SD) for the three sessions of Indian raga, pop music and silence or no-music conditions.
[Table 3] denotes mean difference before the sessions of Indian raga, pop music and silence, a pair wise comparison, for digit forward task. There were no significant changes between the sessions.
[Table 4] denotes mean difference between the baseline and postresults of digit forward task across the three sessions. There were no significant changes between the sessions.
[Table 5] denotes mean difference before the sessions of Indian raga, pop music, and silence, a pair-wise comparison, for digit backward task. There were no significant changes between the sessions.
[Table 6] denotes mean differences between the baseline and postresults of digit backward task across three sessions. There were significant changes between the different sessions - Indian raga and pop music; pop music and Indian raga.
This study showed that the performance of a cognitive task, such as digit span, can be affected by the type of music played prior to the test. In this study, Indian raga Bhupali had a significant effect on the performance of the attention and concentration tasks when compared to the scores of the attention and concentration tasks with pop music. Perhaps, it was because of the emotion and mood created by the Indian raga that instills calmness in the internal environment. The concept of rasa is the most important and significant contribution of the Indians to aesthetics and evocation of rasa is the function of music.Rasa is a bioenergy that is partly physical and partly mental. It is an important link between body and mind that affects our thoughts and emotions. Many studies have suggested that the most common purpose of musical experiences is to persuade emotions. People use music to modify emotions, to let go emotions, to match their current emotion, to rejoice or pacify themselves, and to relieve stress and rejuvenate. By culturing the emotions and controlling brain wave patterns, ragas could be used as a powerful tool for alleviating the most common ailments of the modern society.
The results of our study were in accordance with our original hypothesis.
Studies have shown that the choice of the musical genre may influence cognitive performance. Rauscher has provided the neurophysiological basis for the improvement in performance considering theoretical and experimental factors. The factors influencing the performance are the choice of dependent measures, the selection of musical composition, presentation order of the conditions, and the inclusion of distracter task. Digit span scores of subjects who listened to the Pachelbel Canon versus a Bartok piece did not improve.
Listening to a piece of melody, of Vivaldi's "Four Seasons" had a positive effect on older adults' cognitive performance in two working memory tasks compared with the no-music condition. In addition, this effect did not occur with white noise. Rauscher et al. showed that exposure to Mozart's Piano Sonata enhanced performance on an abstract/spatial reasoning task from the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale when compared with silence, a relaxation tape. In 1995, they found that Mozart's Piano Sonata had a positive influence on the performance when compared to a short story, minimalist music, or dance music.
Rideout et al. have reported that a present-day composition by the Greek-American musician Yanni is also effective and is similar to the Mozart's sonata in its physical characteristics. Two Bachs also have shown a similar effect like Mozart's sonata.
Studies utilizing paper-folding tasks and maze tasks showed enhancement following exposure to Mozart music. Whereas as studies utilizing paper form board task, digit span test, Raven progress matrices test did not show any enhancement following exposure to Mozart music. Research put forward that these tests measure general analytic intelligence rather than spatial ability.
The advantage of our study design takes into consideration the immediate effect of music through self-control case series in which the inference is within individuals. Hence, fixed covariates such as location, diet, and state of health are automatically controlled for within a proportional incidence framework.
The possible mechanism is that the effect of listening to music helps to calm down the nervous system. One of the studies showed, music prior to a standardized stressor predominantly affected the autonomic nervous system in terms of a faster recovery. Music influences how a listener feels, and feelings influence a wide range of stimulus including cognitive performance like that of thinking, logical analysis, problem-solving, originality, and mental flexibility. Listening to classical relaxing music after exposure to a stressor resulted in considerable reductions in anxiety, anger, and sympathetic nervous system arousal, and increased relaxation compared to no-music condition or listening to heavy metal music.
The selected Indian classical raga in our study is said to create pleasing effect on the internal environment due to the combination of notes. The improvement in memory scores could be due to the rasa or aesthetic mood induced by the raga. The consolidation and evocation of rasa represent the function of all fine arts.
In general, prior knowledge of musical elements will help the participants to appreciate and willfully submit to the musical composition. In our study, the participants were the students of Residential Yoga University. As a part of their curriculam they were all exposed to evening bhajans set to different ragas. This may have caused improvement in the memory scores. This is the downside of our study.
In the future, the study of Indian music may be extended to various Indian ragas and other dependent measures or cognitive tasks.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Hariprasad V R and Dr. Subramanya Pailoor for their guidance and Dr. Balram Pradhan for his help in Statistical Analysis.
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Marchand P, Johari H. The Yoga of the Nine Emotions. India: Inner Traditions/Bear and Co; 2006. p. 34.
Ferreri L, Aucouturier JJ, Muthalib M, Bigand E, Bugaiska A. Music improves verbal memory encoding while decreasing prefrontal cortex activity: An fNIRS study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013;7:779.
Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Soinila S, Mikkonen M, et al. Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain 2008;131:866-76.
Ferreri L, Bigand E, Perrey S, Muthalib M, Bard P, Bugaiska A. Less effort, better results: How does music act on prefrontal cortex in older adults during verbal encoding? An fNIRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014;8:301.
Giovagnoli AR, Oliveri S, Schifano L, Raglio SL. Active music therapy improves cognition and behavior in chronic vascular encephalopathy: A case report. Complement Ther Med 2014;22:57-62.
Hallam S, Price J. Can the use of background music improve the behaviour and academic performance of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties? Br J Educ Psychol 1998;25:88-91.
Hallam S, Price J, Katsarou G. The effects of background music on primary school Pupils' task performance. Educ Stud 2002;28:111-22.
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Blake DK. Introduction: Towards a critical pedagogy for undergraduate popular music history courses in the twenty-first century. Journal of Music History Pedagogy 2014;5:99-102.
Lichtenberger EO, Kaufman AS, Lai Z. Essentials of WMS (r)-III Assessment (Essentials of Psychological Assessment series). New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2001.
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Juslin PN, Västfjäll D. Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci 2008;31:559-621.
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Forgive the Debbie Downer tone of this article: As September 1 will mark the date that another state (West Virginia) launches full-scale sports betting, it is probably a good time to pause a minute to take stock of what has happened since the Supreme Court’s decision to allow states to offer legal sports betting.
It is not fun to be a wet blanket, but nonetheless it is important to discuss ongoing threats that could trigger a negative legislative or prosecutorial response. Below is a short list of items that could result in a chilling effect on sports betting expansion.
This follows the nuclear scenario, which Ryan Rodenberg outlined at ESPN, regarding a match-fixing situation. All bets are literally off if there were to be a high-profile match-fixing incident in the coming months that, in part, utilized U.S. sportsbooks. This could trigger not only federal intervention, but drastically pivot the conversation on the state level, likely resulting in numerous lukewarm states turning quite cold.
Sports betting is NOT legal nationwide. You must be in a state that has made sports betting legal in order to wager; even if that state authorized mobile sports betting, that only applies within that state’s borders.
Yes, most federal and many state laws do not target individual bettors, but anyone suggesting that sports betting is “legal” because of the Supreme Court’s decision is likely giving bad advice. While several state statutes may exempt certain forms of wagers, prosecutors have a wide variety of options for charging individuals that they believe may have offended the law.
Similarly, while a certain action may be viewed as likely outside the scope of the statute, all cases are unique and prosecutors have broad discretion in charging individuals. A widespread expansion in the openness of gaming activities and arrests for illegal betting operations is not likely to be well-received by lawmakers. It could result in some who have been open to the potential benefits of sports betting taking a different view.
For those who have emerged from a coma recently, daily fantasy sports are a lot like sports betting. In fact, one of the things that separates fantasy sports from sports betting is a statute called the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA).
UIGEA says that fantasy contests that meet a multi-pronged exemption are exempt from the term “bet” or “wager” within the statute. UIGEA does not legalize all fantasy sports, nor does it declare that fantasy sports are a game of skill. UIGEA has served as a shield for daily fantasy companies since lawmakers began to take an interest in the companies several years ago.
However, one daily fantasy CEO allegedly acknowledged on a conference call with the Fantasy Sports Trade Association that daily fantasy events based on a NASCAR race or a golf tournament do not comply with the statutory language of UIGEA.
“Competitors will draft athletes based upon their expected fantasy performances in the second, third and fourth quarters. The drafts will begin 30 seconds after the end of the previous quarter. All players will begin making selections at the same time.
While it remains to be seen if any state or federal lawmaker will view Flash Draft or any other daily fantasy game as a prohibited gambling product, such a determination could be devastating. That’s not just for the operator who is an early leader in the mobile sports betting space, but for the momentum that has been built by the industry.
An incident involving a new daily fantasy product, or the resurfacing of rumored federal investigations would almost certainly be a negative for both the daily fantasy industry and the legal sports betting industry’s growth.
To date there has been some attention paid to the recent emergence of questions about how college sports programs will handle the reporting of injuries. Transparency in this area is critical.
At the professional level, most leagues have some level of injury reporting — the NFL’s system dates back decades, though some would argue that the vagueness with which certain coaches report injuries defeats its intent.
At the collegiate level, there is not a uniform policy. This creates a market for information on college campuses, which has arguably existed for decades, but is now much more open. Some of the deterrence of trafficking in this information may deteriorate with an increase in legalization and the absence of sensible reporting standards.
The launch of virtual sports betting (betting on computer simulations of fake teams with imaginary players) through the Pennsylvania lottery appears to have ruffled the feathers of some in the casino industry. Apparently they did not want to see the momentum for sports betting be defeated by betting on imaginary sports games.
There is a danger that the launch of games that have no basis in reality, and thus do not track statistical patterns and are essentially random chance, will result in confusion and potential pushback against legal sports betting. As many lawmakers do not do extensive research before passing laws, the launch of virtual sports betting (not esports betting – do not confuse the two) around the launch of sports betting is a threat to the expansion of sports betting nationally.
Any activity that makes sports betting, or something that may look like sports betting, which is essentially random chance, poses a threat to continued expansion.
The fifth threat to continued expansion is a company taking what is viewed as acceptable and then crossing a line. Regulators might be more intent on shutting down offending activity if they view sports betting crossing a line.
In addition to the various federal regulations that still govern interstate activity, certain sports betting products could trigger the jurisdiction of financial regulators from the Commodities and Futures Trading Commission or the Securities and Exchange Commission. There are numerous questions regarding the status of peer-to-peer products and exchange-based wagering products.
Sports betting is growing and is poised to continue growing, but perhaps the greatest threat to nationwide expansion is careless growth. The industry will benefit from both a monetary and public relations standpoint if care is taken, in collaboration with regulators, to develop a scheme that provides consumer protections, and ensures both integrity of the market and the underlying games themselves.
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A lgunas entidades están proponiendo a sus clientes hipotecas de tipo fijo para “evitar las cláusulas suelo”. No es esa la solución, como ha denunciado OCU: las cláusulas suelo son abusivas, y por tanto, nulas: deben dejar de aplicártelas y tienes derecho a que te devuelvan lo que has pagado de más. Si no lo hacen, reclámalo.
Pero dejando esto a un lado, hay quien recomienda contratar préstamos a tipo fijo, pues consideran que son más interesantes y ofrecen mayor seguridad a los usuarios ¿Es así?
No hay una regla fija para decir si son mejores los préstamos fijos o los variables: la elección depende de las circunstancias de cada momento.
El interés es constante durante toda la vida del préstamo.
A estos préstamos no les afectan las subidas de tipos de interés, pero tampoco se pueden beneficiar de las bajadas.
La TAE refleja el coste del préstamo a lo largo de toda su duración.
El interés aplicable varía en función de la evolución de los tipos de interés. Puede bajar… o subir.
Se calcula una TAE teórica, de manera que se utilizan los últimos datos conocidos de los índices de referencia (suponiendo que estos permanecerán constantes), pero este supuesto no es real y al final de la vida del préstamo su TAE real habrá sido más alta o más baja en función de si los tipos de interés han subido o han bajado.
Y con esos datos, ¿cuál interesa más?
Como la TAE no sirve para comparar préstamos fijos con variables, para decidir, hay que tener en cuenta las perspectivas sobre la evolución de los tipos de interés.
Ahora el Euribor está en mínimos históricos, rondando el 0% (o incluso por debajo). Y el Banco Central Europeo ha anunciado, entre otras medidas, que va a mantener el tipo de interés oficial en el 0% hasta marzo de 2017 “o más allá si es necesario”. Una de las implicaciones de esta medida es que los tipos de interés permanecerán muy bajos al menos hasta entonces, pero una vez que se consolide la recuperación económica, es previsible que los tipos de interés a corto plazo tenderán a subir a niveles más normales.
Un escenario realista pudiera ser que los tipos volvieran de manera progresiva, a niveles cercanos al 2%. Así, si se mantuviera un Euribor muy bajo estable durante los próximos dos años, rondase alrededor el 1% durante los cinco años siguientes y subiera hasta el 2% quedándose así hasta el vencimiento, los préstamos a tipo de interés variable seguirían siendo más interesantes que los fijos.
En escenarios más pesimistas, en que los tipos subieran más deprisa y a niveles más altos podría resultar más interesante la opción del préstamo fijo. Solo a quienes sean más pesimistas sobre la evolución futura de los tipos de interés y no quieran asumir la incertidumbre de posibles subidas les puede interesar escoger un préstamo a tipo fijo.
En uno y otro caso, tanto si buscas préstamos a tipo de interés fijo como variables, acertarás si antes consultas el Comparador de Hipotecas.
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TL;DR: Python is a great programming language that shines in readability and conciseness. It can be interesting to build a video game in Python. This is the first part of a tutorial series in game programming in Python. We will be setting up Python, Pyglet and PyCharm, as well as creating a very simple Pyglet application.
Python is a great programming language. It’s a fantastic starting point for beginner programmers, as well as a great tool for experienced developers. What initially drew me to Python was its concise readability. The fact that Python penalizes you for not intending your code properly appeases my neat code obsession. After using Python for a while, I wondered why there weren’t much popular game or graphics programming being done in it. Perhaps the most popular graphics and game programming library for Python seems to be the aging PyGame. Next, there’s a library called Kivy which is geared towards UI related development. Finally, I stumbled across a lesser known library called Pyglet. According to forums and postings, Pyglet is “more pythonic” than the old PyGame, but is definitely lacking in exposure.
So why try building a game in Python? After doing some Google Trends searches, it’s clear that Python is overshadowed by other game libraries and frameworks – notably the elephant in the room – Unity.
So why Python and Pyglet? Well this is my blog and I am the overlord. Also I like Python and building a game (a simple 2D shooter perhaps) will be tons of fun and can lead into some further exploration of a decent language. Be warned though: this is my first tutorial series. Things may change, and be updated as I go along, but I will try to continue by posting each part.
For this tutorial we will be making a simple application that consists of a window with some balls bouncing around. Nothing fancy. If you click on the screen, a ball will be added with a random speed at the location of the mouse.
First of all you would need to have Python installed on your computer. I will be using Python 3. It should not matter if you’re using Python 2 or 3 – there may be some slight syntax changes here and there.
I installed Python to C:\Python3 for easy access. Next you will need to add the following paths to your Environment variables.
Pip is a command tool for installing and managing Python packages.
Start by creating a new project in PyCharm. I called mine PygletGame (this can change to something more exciting sounding when we get some stuff happening in our game). For now, I created the following directories in the project explorer. This can be done by right clicking on the main directory in the explorer panel on the left, and then selecting New > Directory.
Assets will hold our images and animations, entities will have our game objects, and system will contain any core code. You will notice that in each directory I also created an __init__.py file. These Python files do not contain any code in them for now.
These files are usually used to mark directories on the disk as Python package directories. It allows for importing Python files and libraries from these directories.
So for our first tutorial, we will be doing something really simple. Just a screen with some bouncing balls.
Let’s get lay down some design.
There. We’ll have a base component object. Anything in the game could be a component. Our Ball class inherits Component. We also have a main file that will have a list of Ball objects. For now, don’t think much of the design. Let’s just get something going on the screen. We can revisit the design in later parts. You can create a component.py file in our system directory, a ball.py file in our entities directory, and the main.py file in our root directory. Additionally, create a config.py file in our root directory. This will be used to store any configurations we need like screen width and height.
let’s have a look at our Component class.
Constructs Component object given passed kwargs.
In Python, we need to import the abc module so that we can create an abstract class. This allows a class that can be derived from, but cannot be instantiated. This means that in our game we cannot create a Component object. However, we can create a derived component, such as a Ball or a Player.
Our Component class is currently just a holder of variables that describes an object in the game – its x and y position, its width and height, and if the object is active or not. We also have two abstract methods, update_self, and draw_self. Objects in the game will use these for updating logic (position, calculations, etc.) and to render any representational graphics.
In Python, kwargs is used to allow the passing of any amount of arguments to a function. Think of it as a dictionary structure that you’re adding to via the method or function call. We can then retrieve values from kwargs using their keys or keywords. Hence the name kwargs, or keyword arguments.
You may have noticed that these methods contain strange looking ‘@’ symbols on top of them. These are called Python decorators. They allow stuff to dynamically alter the functionality of a function, method or class. In this case, the abc module will dynamically alter the update_self and draw_self methods to be abstract methods.
In Pyglet, on screen coordinates of the x axis increase going from left to right, while y axis increase going from the bottom to the top. This also applies to any object such as images or sprites in the game. The bottom left of the image will be the zero point.
Moving on, let’s have a look at our Ball class.
Creates a sprite using a ball image.
Increments x and y value and updates position.
As we can see, our Ball class extends our Component class. Our constructor calls super, which is our parent Component class. We then define some other instance variables that our Ball objects will need. Pyglet contains functions and helpers for loading images, as well as creating and using sprite objects.
For this sample, I simply googled a ball image and used a random one that I found. You can get the same one I used from the github repository. Note that the slashes in the path ‘assets\\ball.png’ may change if you’re using Linux. I haven’t tested this on Linux. (If you’re using Linux, please comment and let me know! ).
To create the sprite object, we pass the image object as well as the x and y coordinates of the containing Ball object.
We would like our Ball to move around the screen. It should change direction if it hits any edge of the screen so that it continues to move within our view. To have the ball behave like this, we can update the coordinate position of the sprite instance.
In the code segment above, we simply add the speed value to our Ball x and y position coordinates. Our x_direction and y_direction values should only be a positive or negative 1. For example, changing x_direction from a 1 to -1 results in the speed value being subtracted rather than added, hence changing the direction of the object. Finally, we update our sprite instance using set_position(..).
After this, we can calculate when to change the direction of the ball below.
Generally, these statements say the following.
If the ball’s x coordinate is less than 0 (the left edge of the screen), then we invert x_direction.
If the rightmost x coordinate of the ball is greater than the width of the screen, then we invert x_direction.
If the ball’s y coordinate is less than 0 (the bottom edge of the screen), then we invert y_direction.
If the uppermost y coordinate of the ball is greater than the height of the screen, then we invert y_direction.
We need use the ball’s width to check that the right edge of the ball has passed the right screen edge. Similarly, we need to use the ball’s height to check that the top edge of the ball has passed the top screen edge. If we did not do this, our ball will seem to pass out of our screen before changing direction.
Finally – and we’re nearly there – let’s have a look at our main.py class.
Right. It looks like a lot is happening here. This file basically a script and not a class. Let’s break it down.
Pyglet lets us create a window object. This gives us a handle to our screen where we can draw things to. We pass our predefined window width and height to the constructor of the window object.
In our first app, we would want a few balls moving around the screen. For this, we have a list to hold any instantiated Ball objects.
Each of these ball objects would need to be drawn to the screen, and updated. This is handled in the draw() and update(…) functions. Both functions iterate through the ball_objects list and call the appropriate functions. We use the isinstance(…) function to check if the current object in the list is a subclass of Component.
Pyglet exposes mouse events, such as press, release, drag, etc. We can use this for letting our application know when and where to create a new Ball object.
The on_mouse_press(…) function utilizes Pyglet window.event decorator to enable this. When the mouse is clicked on screen, we simply append our ball_objects list with a new Ball object. When creating the new Ball object, we specify the x and y coordinates of the mouse click, as well as a random integer for speed. Having each Ball object move at a randomized speed makes our application more interesting.
main.py contains a main() function. This contains an inner function that is decorated with Pyglet’s window.event. The on_draw() function is called each time the window needs to be redrawn. This is where any rendering to the screen should be done in Pyglet. For this, we simply call our draw() function discussed earlier.
Next, we use Pyglet to set a scheduled interval and pass our update() function. We also define how often we should update. In this case, our update() method will be called every 1/120 seconds.
Finally, the last command runs our Pyglet application.
If you have been following you should have a blank screen. We can add a Ball by clicking anywhere inside the screen. The ball will move and appear to bounce around the window.
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A video has surfaced that allegedly shows Argentinian soccer legend Diego Maradona striking his ex-girlfriend, according to the Spanish newspaper "El Mundo."
A video has surfaced that allegedly shows Argentinian soccer legend Diego Maradona striking his ex-girlfriend, according to the Spanish newspaper El Mundo.
In the video, a man believed to be Maradona, who appears to be drunk, mentions the cell phone the woman, believed to be 24-year-old Rocío Oliva, appears to be recording the incident with.
Oliva had previously accused Maradona of committing domestic violence against her, according to reports.
Maradona played for the Argentine national team for nearly two decades and scored the famous "Hand of God" goal at the 1986 World Cup. He also coached the team from 2008-10.
The following video shows the alleged incident.
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The role of the inverter, what is it for?
The inverter is an indispensable device for protecting equipment in the event of a power failure. It is important to know what is inverter and how to Inverter work, the different models available on the market and especially its various uses. Converter type continuous or alternating, an inverter is defined as an electronic device of power. It is capable of supplying alternating currents. Such an electronic device uses continuous electrical energy to operate. As such, its role may be considered contrary to that exercised by an apparatus such as the rectifier. In addition, it consists of a control interface, a charging circuit, filters and a storage battery.
In this day we have to know what is inverter and how to inverter work properly, actually, Inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. Also known in English as an uninterruptible power supply which is the French equivalent of the uninterruptible power supply, the inverter allows to protect many devices in case of power failure. This is the case, for example, for industrial devices, computer peripherals, and computers. This type of electronic device can be considered as an excellent way to protect devices against lightning, micro-cuts, voltage variations, electrical noise and power cuts.
There are two main types of inverters on the market: inverters and voltage inverters. However, this type of power device can be autonomous or not. Indeed, a non-autonomous inverter corresponds to a rectifier assembly all thyristors also called Great Bridge. Such an assembly operates as a natural switching inverter. To do this, the connection network of this system must assist its natural switching. With regard to the autonomous inverter, it makes it possible to obtain a voltage with a certain radio frequency. The operator can adjust this frequency, which can also be fixed. This type of inverter does not use the electrical network for its operation.
In addition, in the field of the inverter, several technologies are used. These include On-line technology, Line Interactive technology, and Off-Line technology. Models using Line Interactive technology are characterized by their ability to readjust the voltage in case of decline. Do not use its own resource to adjust the voltage drop, this type of UPS can cope with a lack of power or excess voltage. As for the inverter using online technology, it allows regulation and filtering of electricity. With such a device in permanent charge, there are no micro cuts or change of voltage, that’s why this model is best suited for organizations and businesses protecting their electrical equipment. In the case of the Off-Line model, the system failure is supplemented by an accumulator thus ensuring the protection of devices such as PCs that operate using switching power supply.
The uses of an inverter are numerous. Indeed, this device is indispensable in several areas. This is particularly the case for variable speed drives for alternative machines, for nomadic consumer TV reception, for switched-mode voltage converters or DC voltage converters, for arc welding and for devices operating with a frequency specific. In the category of devices having a specific frequency where the inverter is used, mention may be made of electricity or ultrasound generators, feeding of cathode lamps, feeding of fluorescent lamps, uninterruptible power supplies, and emergency power supplies.
With regard to variable speed drives of alternative machines, the use of an inverter allows the use of a voltage having a frequency that can be adjusted. In the field of arc welding, this type of electronic power arrangement is used to deliver a single-phase alternating current with a frequency between 5 and 20 kHz. This gives the possibility to use current transformers. Such machines are lighter and smaller than those using a frequency between 50 and 60 kHz.
we already learn what is inverter and how to Inverter work, so If you wish to use an inverter optimally, you must make your choice taking into account certain criteria. Indeed, when buying this type of electronic power device, it must focus on its functionality, power, and level of autonomy or performance. Speaking of autonomy, it is a question of considering elements such as performance and recharge time, which must have an average duration of between 5 and 6 minutes.
As for the power, it must be chosen according to the devices that must be supplied. Thus, if it is to supply a 90 W element, it is necessary to opt for an inverter of at least 150A. At the functional level, it is necessary to choose an inverter offering functions such as noise filtering or mitigation of distortions. In general, the user must choose his inverter taking into account his needs.
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Give me sausage, eggs, potatoes, and cheese for breakfast, and I know it’ll be a great day ahead.
This tater tot casserole combines all of these items into one delicious breakfast dish. It makes a great dish for a weekend brunch, or add it to your meal plan and eat it for breakfast throughout the week!
Some of you might know this casserole as “a hotdish,” a term that originates in the upper Midwest. A hotdish typically contains a starch (like potatoes), a meat, and vegetables.
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How are new technologies changing the world of construction?
Over the last few years, the emergence of new devices, software and technological approaches has radically reshaped the way that many industries operate,and the world of construction is no exception to this.
With the pace of innovation showing no signs of slowing down, it's becoming increasingly vital for construction industry professionals to make sure they stay abreast of all the latest developments; after all, it's no secret that a failure to evolve can be fatal in business.
In a recent article for Construction Executive, industry expert Brian Gallagher - director of marketing for US building firm O'Neal - outlined some of the key trends in construction technology that are most likely to have an impact in the near future.
Information is king in the modern world of business, which is why it's no surprise that so many of the latest innovations are focused on providing construction workers with access to the data they need, when they need it.
Many firms are already using mobile devices and apps to access, document, share and edit important project information from wherever they are based, or making use of industry-specific equipment such as barcode scanners and radio-frequency identification readers.
Others are using GPS tracking to monitor their fleets and equipment in real time, or wearable devices to keep tabs on workers' safety and productivity, while also making use of big data and the Internet of Things to analyse and predict industry trends as they develop.
Another way in which construction technology is revolutionising the sector is in the emergence of new ways of directly accelerating the building process itself.
Laser scanning, for example, offers enormous efficiency gains when it comes to assessing sites or field measurements, while building information modelling can provide precise insights into the way a project will proceed, based on historical models and other databases.
These innovations go hand-in-hand with the latest 3D printing technologies and robotic construction tools to make it faster and easier than ever before to create specific components - or even entire buildings - in a fraction of the time it would have once taken.
As these technologies develop, it may be possible to carry out many routine tasks through an almost entirely automated workflow, with very little need for manual input.
Already, drones are being equipped with cameras to collect information in locations humans cannot access, which assists site assessments and inspections, and helps builders to get a better architectural overview of the work as it proceeds.
In future, robotic systems, that are currently being used for demolition, to place bricks, excavate and perform other tasks, will become more sophisticated, allowing construction projects to be completed more quickly and safely - and with less risk of human error - than ever before.
Companies that manage to stay one step ahead of these emerging trends could be set to reap a number of benefits.
Mr Gallagher cited a recent prediction to this effect from the World Economic Forum, which said: "Wherever the new technologies have properly permeated this fragmented industry, the outlook is an almost 20 per cent reduction in total life-cycle costs of a project, as well as substantial improvements in completion time, quality and safety."
Conversely, those businesses that fall behind the curve could end up finding themselves overtaken by more flexible and agile rivals, so it's essential that bosses make sure they keep themselves on the cutting edge, lest they surrender the competitive advantage for good.
NICEIC Case Study - See how Virtual College worked with NICEIC to provide those working the construction industry with an alternative method of training.
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Construction sites can be some of the most risky and the most challenging places to work. From slips, trips and falls, working at height, moving objects to electricity and noise, we take a look at some of the most common health and safety risks that exist on building sites.
The construction industry is likely to continue to see a shortage of skills in the coming years according to industry reports.
Of over 20,000 site inspections during 2016, height safety failure was found to be the most commonly identified breach by far, it has been reported.
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I've noticed that maneuvers to leave a body's sphere of influence on the way to another body are invariably referred to as injection maneuvers, for instance, translunar injection, while maneuvers to achieve a closed orbit around a body from either a hyperbolic or a suborbital trajectory are referred to as insertion maneuvers, such as lunar orbit insertion.
The etymology makes reasonable sense: insert means "place into", and inject means "throw into", suggesting a more energetic action.
When and how did these terms become standardized in the spaceflight business?
When and how did these terms (injection and insertion) become standardized in the spaceflight business?
There are different types of insertions and injections, they were developed as the need arose and refined by practice and advances in orbital mechanics. See also a more advanced explanation of the subject, or "The Book On Rocket Science" by Addison Lilholt. Basic orbital mechanics were fairly well understood by Carl Friedrich Gauss whom wrote a publication about it in 1801.
Orbit insertion is the spaceflight operation of adjusting a spacecraft’s momentum, in particular to allow for entry into a stable orbit around a planet, moon, or other celestial body. The result may also be a transfer orbit. There is e.g., the term descent orbit insertion. Often this is called orbit injection.
Transfer orbits are performed by several methods. Orbit insertion is a general term for a maneuver that is more than a small correction. It may be used for a maneuver to change a transfer orbit or an ascent orbit into a stable one, but also to change a stable orbit into a descent: descent orbit insertion. Also the term orbit injection is used, especially for changing a stable orbit into a transfer orbit, e.g. trans-lunar injection (TLI), trans-Mars injection (TMI) and trans-Earth injection (TEI).
The first space probe to successfully perform TLI was the Soviet Union's Luna 1 on January 2, 1959. The first human-crewed mission to successfully perform this procedure, and thus becoming the first humans to leave the Earth's influence, was Apollo 8 on December 21, 1968. Details of the Russian space program remain secret but on the American side Victor Szebehely wrote a book including orbital injection titled: "The Theory of Orbits", a definitive text on the restricted three-body problem as applicable to an Earth-Moon spacecraft system.
The Hohmann maneuver was named after Walter Hohmann, the German scientist who published a description of it in his 1925 book Die Erreichbarkeit der Himmelskörper (The Attainability of Celestial Bodies). Hohmann was influenced in part by the German science fiction author Kurd Lasswitz and his 1897 book Two Planets.
The bi-elliptical transfer trajectory was first published by Ary Sternfeld in 1934.
Low energy transfer, or low energy trajectory, is a route in space which allows spacecraft to change orbits using very little fuel. It is described in the book: "Capture Dynamics and Chaotic Motions in Celestial Mechanics With Applications to the Construction of Low Energy Transfers" by Edward Belbruno.
Orbital inclination change is an orbital maneuver aimed at changing the inclination of an orbiting body's orbit. This maneuver is also known as an orbital plane change as the plane of the orbit is tipped. This maneuver is described on Robert A. Braeunig's webpage: "Basics of Space Flight: Orbital Mechanics".
In the constant-thrust trajectory the vehicle's acceleration increases during thrusting period, since the fuel use means the vehicle mass decreases. If, instead of constant thrust, the vehicle has constant acceleration, the engine thrust must decrease during the trajectory. This is described in "Trajectories with Constant Tangential Thrust in Central Gravitational Fields" (1960), by W. E. Moeckel, the archive.org link is all that was available as searching NASA's technical report server turned up nothing.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged orbit orbital-maneuver terminology or ask your own question.
Does spacecraft injection point and perigee coincide?
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Oliver Carpenter Aspinwall was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, in 1835. He was a descendant of colonial farmer, Peter Aspinwall. Oliver left Massachusetts at an unknown date and arrived in Liberty, Gage County, Nebraska in the mid 1880s, where he kept a store with his third wife Lena Kuetzing Aspinwall. They had two children together: Nan Jeanne [sometimes known as Jennie] and Frank. When Oliver Aspinwall died in April 1903, Lena carried on in the store until 1915, when she and son Frank moved to Seward, Nebraska. During the early 1920s they relocated again, this time to Idaho Falls, Idaho. Lena died October 17, 1937.
Nan Jeanne Aspinwall Gable Lambell was born in New York on February 2, 1880. She lived in Liberty, Nebraska for most of her early years. Later publicity during her career would state that she was raised on a cattle ranch in Montana, though it seems probable that this story was designed to enhance her stage persona [see the book, In genuine cowgirl fashion: Nan Aspinwall Gable Lambell and the image of the cowgirl in wild west entertainment, 1880-1930, by Mary C. Higgenbotham for a brief discussion of Nan's early life and the Aspinwall family in Nebraska]. By 1899, Nan was performing as an oriental dancer, "Princess Omene." Sometime in 1905 or 1906, she began appearing as the "Montana Girl," an expert horsewoman, lariatist and sharpshooter. Though there are no records of how or when they met, by 1906 she was billed along with husband Frank Gable as a "Lariat Expert." By at least 1908, the couple was performing with the combined Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Pawnee Bill's Far East Troupe. Nan apparently filled roles relating to her Montana Girl persona, in addition to performances as Princess Omene in the Far East part of the show. On a bet from Buffalo Bill, who later backed down, she rode on horseback from San Francisco to New York and back in 1911, supporting herself with exhibitions of roping and riding in small towns along the way. Later she and Frank had their own vaudeville show, Gable's Novelty Show, until 1929 when Frank Gable died.
Little is known of Nan's life after the death of her first husband. She married again, to Al Lambell, who also predeceased her. About 1960 "Death Valley Days" did a television show about her cross-country ride, for which she was a technical advisor. She died on October 24, 1964.
Frank Aspinwall was born on October 7, 1887. He grew up in Liberty, Nebraska. For a time following the death of his father in 1903, he lived in Falls City, Nebraska. He married Georgia Denhinger on November 9, 1914. In about 1915, he moved with his mother, Lena, and his wife to Seward, Nebraska, where he ran a garage. He moved to California in the 1920s, and received a Law degree from Southwestern University, Los Angeles, in 1928. Soon afterward he passed the California Bar Examination, and for the rest of his life he practiced law in California. Frank was also an amateur photographer. He continued to manage land holdings in Nebraska and Idaho for his mother until her death. After his first wife died, Frank married Alpha Farmer on October 21, 1947. He died in Fontana, California, on December 24, 1960.
This collection contains materials relating to the Aspinwall Family, primarily to the lives and careers of the children of Oliver Carpenter Aspinwall: Frank Aspinwall and Nan Jeanne Aspinwall Gable Lambell. Of special interest are the scrapbooks relating to Nan's career as a Wild West show and Vaudeville performer. The collection is arranged in twelve Series: 1) Frank Aspinwall, ca. 1909-1960, n.d.; 2) Nan Aspinwall Gable Lambell, ca. 1899-1964, n.d.; 3) Scrapbooks and photo albums; 4) Oliver Carpenter Aspinwall; 5) Lena Kuetzing Aspinwall; 6) John Aspinwall, 1810-1876; 7) George Aspinwall, 1808, 1810, 1833; 8) Mary Hastings Sherman certificates, 1882-1918; 9) Family History Materials; 10) Miscellany; and 11) Printed materials.
Series 1 contains Frank Aspinwall materials, and relates mostly to his legal career, and financial and real estate interests. Many of the tax and real estate items relate to property of Frank's mother, Lena. Correspondence of both Frank and his second wife Alpha ("Dit") is included. Most of the letters are from Nan or Lena. Some of the scrapbooks and photo albums in Series 3 may relate to Frank.
Series 2 consists of materials relating to Nan Jeanne Aspinwall Gable Lambell. It includes correspondence, biographical information, a program for Gable's Novelty Show, two radio interviews with Nan from 1938 and 1940, and Miscellany. For scrapbooks and photo albums containing clippings and photographs of Nan's performing career, see Series 3.
Series 3 contains scrapbooks and photo albums. Six of the eleven volumes relate specifically to Nan and her career. The other items include two volumes of miscellaneous topical clippings not definitively identified as Frank or Nan's; a large book of "Out Our Way" cartoons by J.R. Williams; an album of unidentified family photographs; and an album of unidentified twentieth century snapshots.
Series 4 through Series 8 relate to various Aspinwall family members. Most are direct ancestors of Frank and Nan through Oliver C. Aspinwall, with the exception of Mary Hastings Sherman, who was a cousin of Oliver. She became a physician in Massachusetts in 1891; her materials consist mainly of educational certificates and licenses. The George Aspinwall materials, Series 7, and the Mary Hastings Sherman materials, Series 8, contain only oversized items and are housed separately.
The family history materials of Series 9 include The Aspinwall Genealogy, 1630-1901, a published volume, which is an invaluable source for early family history. The series also contains records of family land holdings in Massachusetts, clippings, and miscellany.
Series 10 contains miscellaneous items. Material relating to Hungarian artist Alexander S. Keszthelyi, including the guest book from an opening, collected by Frank is included, along with a small etching by an unidentified artist.
Series 11 consists of printed materials, mostly volumes from the collection of Frank Aspinwall. Two family bibles with genealogical information are present; and some Christian Science literature belonging to Lena Aspinwall.
Series 1 - Frank Aspinwall, ca. 1909-1960, n.d.
Correspondence, Frank Aspinwall, 1914-1960, n.d.
"Real property and Tax statements"
Note: There is no volume 9.
Alexander S. Keszthelyi information, clippings, etc.
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C S Lewis novel 'The Chronicles of Narnia'.
The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven fantasy novels for children written by C. S. Lewis. It is considered a classic of children's literature and is the author's best-known work, having sold over 120 million copies in 41 languages. Written by Lewis between 1949 and 1954 and illustrated by Pauline Baynes, The Chronicles of Narnia have been adapted several times, complete or in part, for radio, television, stage, and cinema. In addition to numerous traditional Christian themes, the series borrows characters and ideas from Greek and Roman mythology, as well as from traditional British and Irish fairy tales.
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How did the Hawaiians make ukuleles?
The ukulele was not an instrument of early Hawaiians, but an adaption of the Portuguese instrument called a braguinha which came with the first immigrants in 1878. In 1884 the first shop making and reparing ukuleles and guitars opened up.
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government was penetrated by many spies, and there indeed were many, a December pearl Harbor: The Day of infamy 1969 capture of a Viet Cong communications intelligence center and documents revealed that they had been getting a huge amount of information. The arvn unit had to retain its previous operational responsibility, while replacing a division that was far better equipped with helicopters than a standard.S. Air and artillery support, and.S. Vietnamization fit into the broader dtente policy of the Nixon administration, in which the United States no longer regarded its fundamental strategy as the containment of communism but as a cooperative world order, in which Nixon and his chief adviser.
III Corps tactical zone commander Do Cao Tri, the most visible arvn leader, encouraged the deepest arvn penetrations. For example, the arvn 5th Division was directed to move from its existing base camp, Phu Cuong, to that of the.S. The war, however, continued. Two participants approached Kissinger and offered a disavowable means of communication between the.S. Since Hanoi would not communicate with an American official without a bombing halt, Kissinger served as an intermediary. And the DRV resolution of political issues by placing them, "for all practical purposes, entirely in the hands of Saigon, which does not want to resolve them and is unable to do so, since it is unable to soberly assess the situation and the alignment. Melvin Laird developed a new strategy they called Vietnamization. However, this is not credible. When President, richard. Joint ground operations edit Main article: 1970 in the Vietnam War On April 30, 1970, responding to a Communist attempt to take Cambodia, Nixon announced a large scale usarvn incursion into Cambodia to directly hit the pavn headquarters and supply dumps ; the area bordered. Personnel had been withdrawn, most of whom were combat troops. General Lon Nol had overthrown Prince Norodom Sihanouk in March 1970, who had presented himself as a neutralist while aware of the pavn use of his country.
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Andrographis is a popular herb that has deep roots in both Ancient Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda. It is said to contain properties that support the immune system, digestion, joints and mobility, mood and behavior, temporary relief from occasional elevated body temperature, and detoxification. Andrographis is also very bitter to taste and is believed to have cooling properties. These traits are prized among modern practitioners of ancient medicine who continue to recommend this herb as a means to clear excess heat from the body and help to balance the pitta dosha.
While first administered thousands of years ago to help people achieve feelings of health and wellness, this versatile herb continues to remain popular among the more than 70% of people in India who practice Ayurveda. (1) In fact, andrographis is continuing to gain popularity outside of India, and among westerners who are more familiar with modern pharmaceuticals, but are curious about introducing the many potential benefits of andrographis into their lives.
Andrographis is a species of plant that belongs to the acanthus family, and originates on the subcontinent of India. (2)It is known by its scientific name Andrographis paniculata, kalmegh in Hindi, or maha-tikta (“king of bitters”) in the northern province of India. Today, cultivation of the plant has spread to the southern region of Asia. (3) In the wild, andrographis grows well in most soil types, can be found in plains, hillsides, and coastlines, but typically thrives where there is plenty of shade. Identify the plant by its thin stem that reaches more than 40 inches in height, traditionally-shaped leaves with a wing-like appearance, and secondary stems that grow horizontally and produce hairy buds that blossom into white flower petals with purple markings.
In India, Ayurveda is one of the oldest and most popular systems of medicine. The fundamentals of Ayurvedic medicine date back to Atharva Veda, which is a collection of more than 700 hymns and 6,000 mantras divided across 20 sacred books written from around 7,000 BC. (5) Within these works are mentions of diseases and treatments that would later lead to the organized system of medicine known as Ayurveda.
From its beginnings sometime between 3,000 to 4,000 BC, Ayurveda is important to many cultures. As Ayurveda means life (Ayur) and knowledge (Veda), its study and practice continue among scholars and citizens who find that its insights still prove true today. Among the many teachings found in the Ayurvedic system of medicine, the dosha types may be some of the most important. It is written that the three doshas, known as pitta, vata, and kapha, are responsible for governing many areas of the mind and body. (6) Similarly, herbs like andrographis are essential to keeping the doshas in balances, which is said to bring about more positive attributes and physical qualities.
Each dosha is made up of the five elements that form material existence in the universe. They are space, air, fire, water, and earth. These elements form the building blocks of all life, including humans. At birth, humans have all five elements; however, only two of these elements will be dominant. These dominant elements dictate whether we are a pitta, vata, or kapha. While each person will have one primary dosha, the other two will be present to a lesser degree. While many people have the same dosha, no two people have an identical quality or quantity of elements, which is what gives rise to our difference of appearance, health, behaviors, and emotions.
Each dosha is dynamic and governs every aspect of the person. (7) The dosha can not be changed and will stay with a person for the entirety of their life. As such, it may be important to understand how the doshas affect nearly every aspect of live. When in balance, a vata, pitta, and kapha have desirable attributes that can lead to success or happiness in life. Alternatively, as a result of bad weather, stress, or lifestyle, the doshas can shift out of balance and result in bad health, failures in life, or an overall sense of unhappiness.
While there may be many changes a person can make in life to help balance the doshas, herbs are believed to play an important role, according to Ayurvedic teachings. (8) Different herbs have properties that are ideal for each of the three doshas. For example, andrographis has cooling and bitter properties that makes it ideal to help balance the pitta dosha. If a kapha or vata takes andrographis, it may help to balance their dosha, but to a lesser degree.
The reason andrographis supports the pitta dosha is because it governs key systems of the body, including metabolism, vision, the brain, liver, spleen, and the gastrointestinal tract. (9) These systems of the body gives rise to qualities that are hot and sharp. Therefore, the cooling and bitter properties help to balance the pitta when they get too hot as a result of work, exercise, or eating spicy foods; or too sharp as a result of not eating enough, staying indoors too long, or stress.
In the study of Ayurveda, some people find that the concept of the doshas and using herbs to balance the mind and body remain true today. While modern medicine is discovering new formulations of synthetic compounds to address health concerns, some circles of research are seeking more advanced study into herbs like andrographis to gain further insight into its potential benefits.
Andrographis has been found to contain more than 90 naturally occurring compounds. Each of these compounds may provide a range of potential medicinal benefits. (10) This includes andrographis and its major chemical constituent known as andrographolide, which is a secondary plant metabolite. (11) Unlike primary metabolites that are essential to the growth and function of plants, secondary plant metabolites allow the plant to survive in the environment against UV light from the sun, microbes, insects, animals, and other factors. (12) Some of these compounds are known to support free radical scavenging antioxidants, the immune system, the cardiovascular system, the brain, and more.
The potential benefits of taking andrographis as a supplement to support the immune system is not a new concept. According to some historical accounts, andrographis is credited with stopping the 1919 Indian flu epidemic that followed on the heels of the 1918 Spanish Influenza outbreak. In all, the epidemic would claim 20 to 50 million lives around the world, with at least 10 million deaths occurring in India before it was stopped. (13).
Andrographolide has also been shown to host a range of molecular mechanisms that may support the body’s regulating processes during normal aging. These processes may help to regulate how the body responds to internal challenges, promotes comfort, and maintains a positive state.
Current research has shown that various active ingredients of Andrographis affect immune function, interacting with the platelet activating factor receptor, improving the nitric oxide levels in the body, scavenging oxygen free radicals, and inhibiting various proinflammatory cytokines, thus exhibiting a potent anti-inflammatory effect.
According to the study, these potential benefits may be linked to how andrographolide interacts with immune system functions, including the production of cytokines that help to regulate the immune response, and by inhibiting signaling pathways.
In a study that examines the aqueous (water-based) extract of andrographis, the extract was found to have active properties that may support a healthy cardiovascular system, including arteries, and vessels. Additionally, these properties may support clotting factors, as well as help to maintain blood pressure already within the normal range. One study found also found that the extract helped participants to maintain a healthy heart rate.
Some researchers also notes that “andrographolide may have a high therapeutic potential to treat thromboembolic disorders and may also be considered for treating various inflammatory diseases.” This may be the result of regulating factors in platelet aggregation, which is a function of the cardiovascular system that helps to clump platelets together to fill a wound.
Researchers from the Department of Pharmacology at the National University of Singapore looked into the effect of andrographis leaf extract on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (15) In the study, researchers administered 550 mg of dry andrographis extract to one group, and a placebo to a second group. The dosage and diets varied for each group, and blood glucose levels were measured 2 hours following a meal, and after 14 days.
Andrographis is a versatile herb that is available as a whole plant, dry powder, or liquid extract. (16) Due to its bitter properties, choosing capsules or tablets may be the preferred method of supplementing a healthy diet.
If using whole plant parts, add 10 to 12 grams of fresh andrographis parts in a teapot or infuser to one cup of boiling water and steep for 5 to 10 minutes. If using dried andrographis leaf, substitutes with one teaspoon. If the tea is too bitter, use less herb or combine with strong fruit, like cranberry.
If taking as a supplement, dosages will vary. Some supplements contain 200 mg or more of andrographis extract per serving. Some studies administer 400 mg or more each day to obtain their results.
As with any herb or supplement, there may be interactions with certain medications and medical conditions. Some people report headaches, fatigue, allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, altered taste, or pain when taking andrographis. (17) For specific individual needs, first consult with a primary care physician or nutritionist prior to taking any supplement.
Andrographis may be found as a primary ingredient in supplements, blended with complementary herbs, vitamins, or other nutrients. In Ayurveda, herbs are frequently combined to promote optimal medicinal benefits in a healthy body.
... and other Ayurvedic herbs!
Andrographis is an ancient herb that has been used for thousands of years as a means to achieve health and wellness in life. While very bitter, this exact quality is believed to be the key to its many potential benefits. Experience andrographis and see if it makes a difference in your life!
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0.999712 |
My birthday's coming up soon and I'd like to have a party-type thing with 10-15 of my closest friends. Previous years I've done group brunches, group dinners, and a picnic at Crissy Field, but I'm kinda stumped for ideas this year. Can you recommend any awesome birthday party venues in the SF Bay Area? Details of what I'm looking for below the fold.
Mostly I want to actually be able to talk to and hang out with my friends over tasty foods, so either a venue I can reserve in advance and bring my own food to, or a restaurant with a private or semi-private area so we can get up and move around and socialize would be ideal. If there's some sort of fun activity to do, that would be nice, too, as long as there's still space for people who just want to hang out and socialize to do so. (I've thought of House of Air, but that seems too forced-activity and there's not really anywhere else to hang out and share food.) Indoor or outdoor. It'll be all adults, but we're all kids at heart so somewhere that might be intended for kids could be lots of fun.
It would be extra-awesome if it were in the East Bay, but really anywhere in the SF Bay Area works.
Oh, and I have a tradition of eating seafood (particularly crab and/or oysters) at my birthday, so if there are any great restaurants with seafood AND space for a large group, please tell me about them! I know about picnics at Hog Island Oyster at Point Reyes, but I don't think the logistics of that are going to work out this year.
You are in a target-rich environment, as they say. Old stand-bys such as Spengler's Fish Grotto. What you want to search for are "banquet" restaurant facilities.
Unfortunately many restaurants with dedicated banquet facilities, including Spenger's, tend to be kinda meh in the food department. If I'm going to do a restaurant rather than another type of venue, I definitely want good (not necessarily fancy or expensive, but good) food.
The Mint Karaoke Lounge on market do parties, and there's a sushi bar right next door that delivers to your table or stool at the bar in The Mint.
Excellent place for a birthday party. Cash only, no cards. Remember to tip your KJ and only sign up for one song at a time. No more than two repetitions of the same song a night and (I believe) only one Total Eclipse of the Heart. I'm not saying I've been comped a drink token by a bartender for singing a song they've never heard before, I'm just saying I know they hear the same songs over and over and over and over... and over. And it's a pretty damn thick song book.
Note: Sushi delight takes cards.
I believe Comal in Berkeley has a private dining room, and the food there is AMAZING.
We started going there when it opened in the early eighties. It's a large place right on the water at the Berkeley Marina.
The menu has always been varied and fresh and the view is outstanding.
My mom hosted an evening for about 30 people there and they did a great job.
This was the first place that served Starbucks coffee back in the day, and I remember my mom shaking them down to sell her the beans, because you couldn't buy them retail.
Spenglers is old school, and if you want sand-dabs, kind of a hoot, but Skates is YUMMY!
I always like Ozumo in Oakland--the food is great and the layout of the restaurant is nice for groups. They have a special dining room that is surrounded by Saki bottles that would work for 10-15 people (I have been there with a group of 12-13).
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0.924243 |
In our road trip video, we talk with MapR, which explains their converged data streams technology, and Objectivity, which goes into their streaming IoT platform.
What’s the best approach for dealing with data streams? In our road trip video, we talked with MapR, which has developed a converged data streaming platform that enables applications such as fraud detection.
Adrian: With us today is Will Ochandarena, MapR’s director of products. I know that a lot of folks that go to the RTInsights site are familiar with the company, but maybe you can just give us a little bit of a background. Then we’ll get into new products.
Adrian: I understand that you’re making a pretty big push into streaming data right now. Maybe you can tell us a little bit about what you’re doing and what the impetus was for that.
Will: Sure. Our new addition in the Converged Platform is this event streaming. We call it MapR Streams. Specifically with MapR Streams is, we call it “the global publish-subscribe event streaming system for big data;” so deconstructing that a little bit: The publish-subscribe gives you an idea of where it fits, so it connects the producers of data to the consumers of data in real time through a reliable channel, and when combined with stream processing technologies like Spark Streaming, Flink, Apex, technologies like that, you can build these real-time applications.
Adrian: How do you distinguish yourself in this market as it gets to be at least crowded in terms of mind share, if not capabilities?
Will: Sure. Two big things. One is the idea of convergence. By building the stream processing into the same data layer that’s doing NoSQL database and file-based storage, what we give customers the opportunity to do is build these applications that draw on all of these services in a consistent way. For example, think of a fraud detection application for financial services. In that application, it’s not just about doing the stream processing, it’s about doing the stream processing based on user-specific data that was gleaned through machine learning; so for that end-to-end application, there’s the component that needs to run machine learning on all of the historical data, to build profiles for each individual user, storing that model in a NoSQL database so that, within the real-time streaming context, they can draw on the model data of the database and actually make decisions on whether a transaction is anomalous, or in that user’s profile. All these things put together get, lend to the Converged story and make it easier to build these applications.
Adrian: When you say “converge,” you’re talking about convergence of streaming, and more static, if you will.
Will: Yeah. Convergence of all of the data services that these applications need, whether they’re batch-oriented, file-based data services, operational NoSQL database, or the stream processing; so it’s that convergence that’s one of the big differentiators of our platform. Because what it helps customers avoid is building not just clusters, but data silos where some portion of the application data sits in that place, some application data sits in that place. Building a secure end-to-end security policy between all of these systems is often very complex because each system has a different way of doing authentication, authorization. Some have security, some don’t, and of course, all of the duct tape you may need to build an application that sits on top of multiple disparate data services. All of that’s avoided with this idea of convergence. The second big differentiator is how we deal with global data.
Like I mentioned earlier, it’s a global publish-subscribe system. What we mean by global is the ability to synchronize event data between multiple clusters that are distributed worldwide. Because, as we see more and more Internet of Things-type use cases, data isn’t always created in one location, it’s created by different endpoints worldwide, and there’s the balance between collecting close to the endpoint to optimize latency, and processing in one location to figure out what’s going on in aggregate worldwide. The special thing that we do there is, in addition to just copying over messages from one cluster to the other worldwide, we copy all of the metadata about those messages: When it came in, who listened to it already, what the sequence number is, allowing for failover between one cluster and another; so really, what we provide is the single platform you bring in that you can standardize on, and every application gets the services that they need.
Adrian: Brian Clark with Objectivity, and you’ve been there for a long time. Objectivity is certainly one of those companies that’s stood the test of time. Tell me a little bit about what you’re up to today, and how we got to this schism. The last I talked to Objectivity was a while ago.
Brian: Today, we’re working in the areas of Big Data, fast data, particularly applied to the Internet of Things. Without object database technology, we’ve had customers sort of been dealing with Big Data problems, having fast data problems, even before they became buzzwords or buzz phrases. I’ve been with the company since almost the beginning, so about 25 years, and seen a lot of our customers deploy systems, and if you haven’t guessed by now that, under the name “Objectivity,” then our prime products are object databases. In that world, it’s all about the objects and relationships between the objects.
Another one of our products is called InfiniteGraph, so again, by the name, I guess you’ve guessed… it’s a graph database, and if you think about the nodes and edges of a graph, it’s no more than the objects and relationships in an object database. Our customers have been working in this area, mining the relationships between the data, for many years, in many different areas. In the defense and intelligence space, our customers would build in what was then called data fusion applications, which obviously, by the name, involves collecting data from multiple sensors and fusing that data to give a common operating picture, so that the analysts, or the planners, can make decisions based on the real-time information.
The first-generation systems were very brittle, built in C++, with a fixed data model. The next generation, which we call sensor fusion, they were much more dynamic, a dynamic scheme, written in Java, and basically using model-driven architectures, so if you like, the underpinnings of the work we do in the Internet of Things, where we talked about a lot of industrial, commercial sensors, was based on the work we did with the military and intelligence agencies.
Adrian: Okay, and I understand you have something new in the works in terms of a product. How does that fit?
Brian: Yes, so building on our technology and experience using objects and relationships, then we’ve announced a new product called ThingSpan. You can think of the name as spanning the Internet of Things.
Brian: Obviously, in that world, the things are the objects, and of course, there’s the relationships between the objects. ThingSpan is actually architected to work with Hadoop in the Hadoop environment, and particularly, leveraging Spark, Apache Spark. One of the nice things about what we’re doing is, not only do we leverage the Spark data frames for getting data in and out of the database, we’re also exposing our relationship information through data frames.
Adrian: It sounds like you have built on the object model, refined it, and now, by taking that orthogonal view — looking at the relationships as a primary thing to model, giving yourself a graph view, you’ve really, in fact, modernized what you have, but building on the past.
Brian: Yeah, I think you’re right about people, sort of, when you’re learning or growing up, you tend to think in terms of the objects and the relationships, how things are related. I think in the business world, when people are trying to solve problems, they tend to slip back into the old data view of the world and forget about the relationships.
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0.999994 |
I'm looking for a science based answer based on current technology. Given that we do commit some small amount of resources and time to searching for stellar objects, with our current technology, how long before impact would we probably detect an asteroid large enough to (possibly) lead to a mass extinction event?
We do have some effort currently spent on tracking things which could impact earth, but I know we have far from complete coverage. A network of various astronomy departments, amateur astronomers, and agencies like NASA do share information, which does increase our chances of spotting things, but our coverage of even the known objects in our solar system is patchy. We have a hard time even keeping track of all the random junk our space programs have deposited in low earth orbit.
Given all this, but also given the fact that an asteroid capable of conceivably wiping out the human race (or at least a sizable majority of our population would have to be pretty large, pretty dense, and traveling at a pretty high relative velocity, how long before impact would modern society probably detect it?
The size of the rock is big enough to blast a pretty significant crater in the earth, probably reshaping a continent in the process and creating a new inland sea (unless it hits the Pacific or something). It is large enough to throw up enough debris to effect people all over the earth (possibly with nuclear winter effects, etc).
Edit: the Chicxulub crater was probably caused by an asteroid 10-15 km in diameter. This impact does not need to be as powerful as that one, but that might provide a rule of thumb for what constitutes an "extinction event" sized asteroid strike.
ATLAS is an automated asteroid early-warning system, designed to detect potential impactors. On their homepage, they claim to provide one day's warning for a 30-kiloton "town killer," a week for a 5-megaton "city killer," and three weeks for a 100-megaton "county killer".
A century or higher. NASA is keeping track of these too. Here are 75 asteroids that have impact probabilities between 1e-3 and 1e-11. At least one of them doesn't have a potential simulated impact until 2880. So we could get warning centuries to millenia in advance, potentially. Incidentally, the shortest time between detection and first potential impact on this list is 3 years (for a 0.5 km diameter asteroid), so there is some evidence that we will have good advance warning.
You will be able to justify any outcome from no warning to decades. These examples are upper and lower bounds for the answer, anything in between are probabilities, not possibilities.
The Chelyabinsk meteor was not detected before impact. We might have missed something with ten times the diameter (and 1,000 times the impact) as well.
This list has probable close encounters in the next decades and centuries.
Problem is not to have a mapping of the possible candidates for your Armageddon meteorite, but to have a reasonable certainty it will actually hit.
Various space agencies are currently tracking all "likely candidates" and thus problem is not spotting a rogue, but fact is space is big and a "close encounter" is very likely to result in a "near miss" (this has happened multiple times in recent years).
All likely candidates have a (relatively) small mass and so they are very easily deflected by larger bodies, including Earth, Moon and all other major bodies.
This means computing actual trajectory of such a body is very difficult and certainty of hit will come only after it has passed the last obstacle (the moon orbit).
In practice we can detect "dangerous" objects with months warning, but reasonable certainty of actual hit is only days before impact.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged science-based astronomy natural-disasters or ask your own question.
How long would a planet take to recover from a large asteroid impact?
How should I introduce heavier elements on this world?
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0.925528 |
Johnny Depp net worth and salary: Johnny Depp is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $200 million. His annual salary in some years has been known to top $100 million, easily making him one of the highest paid actors on the planet. To date, Johnny Depp's many successful films have grossed over $3.4 billion in America and $8.7 billion worldwide at the box office. Johnny Depp was born in Owensboro, Kentucky on June 9, 1963. He moved frequently as a child. At the age of fifteen, he dropped out of school, joined a band, and later moved to Los Angeles in pursuit of a record contract. He decided to pursue acting instead. He landed minor film and TV roles throughout the 1980s, including a role in Nightmare on Elm Street. In 1987, he won a starring role on the TV show 21 Jump Street which would make him a star. In 1990 he collaborated for the first time with Tim Burton, playing the title role in the quirky film Edward Scissorhands. The two would go on to collaborate on several other projects such as Sleepy Hollow, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Alice in Wonderland, Dark Shadows and Sweeney Todd.
In 2003, Depp appeared in the first of what would be several Pirates of the Caribbean movies from Disney and executive producer Jerry Bruckheimer. In the movie he plays eccentric pirate captain Jack Sparrow. His performance earned him an Academy Award nomination, which he followed up with another nominated performance as the author J.M. Barrie in 2004's Finding Neverland. He was nominated again in 2008 for his role in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. Depp married Lori Anne Allison in 1983, though the couple divorced in 1985. He was in a relationship with French actress Vanessa Paradis for many years. They have two children together and used to split their time between Los Angeles and the south of France. He also formerly dated actress Amber Heard.
Financial Situation: For the majority of his career, Johnny's finances were managed by a company called The Management Group. In 2017, Johnny filed a lawsuit against The Management Group accusing the firm of "gross mismanagement and, at times, outright fraud." Depp alleged that the firm caused him to lose tens of millions of dollars, racked up more than $40 million in debt without his knowledge, failed to file his property taxes on time, made unauthorized loans, and overpaid for security and other services, amongst other charges.
The Management Group counter-sued claiming that despite the fact that Johnny had been paid $650 million in the previous 13 years, his unbelievably lavish spending habits made it so he no longer had enough liquid cash to cover his basic monthly expenses, which topped $2 million per month. The Management Group claimed that Johnny put himself in this position by over-spending in a reckless way. Johnny reportedly spends $3.6 million per year to maintain a 40-person full-time staff, $30,000 per month on wine, $150,000 per month on bodyguards, and $200,000 per month on private jet travel. He also reportedly spent $75 million to purchase more than 14 homes around the world including a 45 acre chateau in France, a horse farm in Kentucky, several islands in the Bahamas. He owns several yachts, more than 45 cars, 12 storage facilities worth of memorabilia and an art collection that includes works by artists such as Andy Warhol.
On the bright-side, Johnny is still one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He still commands $20 million upfront per movie plus 20% of the backend. That deal has resulted in more than $300 million earned off the Pirates movies alone. He also made $55 million in backend earnings off Alice in Wonderland.
Real Estate: Johnny's real estate portfolio, if he was to sell it all today, is easily worth $100 million.
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0.98028 |
How do I change my password or the answer to my security question?
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If you want to delete the whole Yandex account, read the article Deleting your account. In this case, all your data on all Yandex services is deleted and you lose access to these services.
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0.879185 |
The attacks of 9/11 were very senseless acts of violence against the people of this great nation carried out by individuals who claimed to speak for an entire people. But despite this tragedy that took away innocent lives on that day, the people of this nation has proven to the world that we still retain the resiliency, commitment to freedom, and are united more than ever before against the fight of terrorism. However, as a result of these attacks, major changes came into effect which affected our lives forever by the implementation of the new law, the Patriot Act. Just about everyone has heard about the USA Patriot Act. However, most people couldn't actually define or described what it actually is. .
What is the USA Patriot Act? The USA Patriot act is an acronym that stands for "Uniting (and) Strengthening America (by) Providing Appropriate Tools Required (to) Intercept (and) Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 " which granted American law enforcement unprecedented rights to gather intelligence and abridge civil liberties in the face of the terrorist threat to the United States. It is a law that was signed into effect by President George W. Bush and passed by Congress on October 26, 2001. .
What are some of the effects of the Patriot Act?.
The Patriot act specifically reduced the restrictions that police and other law enforcement officials face when they search telephone lines, email communications, medical records, financial information and other personal information. In other words, it took away some of the privacy rights that US citizens held so that our country could be safer from terrorist attacks. Furthermore, the patriot act provisions allowed immigration authorities to detain anyone they felt could potentially be involved in a terrorist plot. The act also included safety precautions for domestic terrorism, so even US citizens could be detained if they gave government officials reasons to suspect them.
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0.982168 |
Instructor and student in C182 on instrument approach to mkl were turned over late by ZME to tower and conflicted with departing opposite direction traffic.
Departed olv on instrument training flight to mkl. Filed instrument flight plan while en route. Received instrument clearance 20 NM southwest of mkl. Received vectors for spacing which flew us through the localizer and were told to expect ILS runway 2 at mkl, circle-to-land. 6 mi from mercy LOM, we received this clearance: 'fly heading 360 degrees to intercept, maintain 2500 ft until established, cleared for the ILS runway 2 at mkl.' this clearance contained no circle-to-land amendment and was read back to center with no correction. We then received missed approach instructions: fly runway heading, climb/maintain 2500 ft. This clearance ensures that we were cleared to published decision ht, at which time I agreed with my student that we were not expected to circle. Upon crossing mercy LOM, we still had not been given a frequency change to mkl tower. Upon prompting the center controller, we were then told to contact tower. After tuning the tower frequency, it was clear that tower had just cleared an aircraft for takeoff on runway 20 (opposing runway). We informed tower that we were on short final with departing aircraft insight. Tower told departing aircraft to break right. Departing aircraft complied and acknowledged that he had the aircraft in sight on approach. It appears that the tower controller thought that we were outside of the mercy LOM at the time he cleared the other aircraft for departure on runway 20. Callback conversation with reporter revealed the following information: reporter stated the departing aircraft was a C210, VFR, below his altitude, and had just lifted off when he was approximately 1 mi from the airport on a missed approach. He said he was instructing a private pilot with approximately 180 hours. He said mkl is a contract tower without radar. He talked to the ZME controller after landing and was told that the center controller coordination with the tower and gave mkl an accurate time estimated over the LOM. He reported the incident to an FAA office and was later told that they had listened to the tower tapes and had recommended remedial training be given to the controller involved.
Title: INSTRUCTOR AND STUDENT IN C182 ON INST APCH TO MKL WERE TURNED OVER LATE BY ZME TO TWR AND CONFLICTED WITH DEPARTING OPPOSITE DIRECTION TFC.
Narrative: DEPARTED OLV ON INST TRAINING FLT TO MKL. FILED INST FLT PLAN WHILE ENRTE. RECEIVED INST CLRNC 20 NM SW OF MKL. RECEIVED VECTORS FOR SPACING WHICH FLEW US THROUGH THE LOC AND WERE TOLD TO EXPECT ILS RWY 2 AT MKL, CIRCLE-TO-LAND. 6 MI FROM MERCY LOM, WE RECEIVED THIS CLRNC: 'FLY HDG 360 DEGS TO INTERCEPT, MAINTAIN 2500 FT UNTIL ESTABLISHED, CLRED FOR THE ILS RWY 2 AT MKL.' THIS CLRNC CONTAINED NO CIRCLE-TO-LAND AMENDMENT AND WAS READ BACK TO CTR WITH NO CORRECTION. WE THEN RECEIVED MISSED APCH INSTRUCTIONS: FLY RWY HDG, CLB/MAINTAIN 2500 FT. THIS CLRNC ENSURES THAT WE WERE CLRED TO PUBLISHED DECISION HT, AT WHICH TIME I AGREED WITH MY STUDENT THAT WE WERE NOT EXPECTED TO CIRCLE. UPON XING MERCY LOM, WE STILL HAD NOT BEEN GIVEN A FREQ CHANGE TO MKL TWR. UPON PROMPTING THE CTR CTLR, WE WERE THEN TOLD TO CONTACT TWR. AFTER TUNING THE TWR FREQ, IT WAS CLR THAT TWR HAD JUST CLRED AN ACFT FOR TKOF ON RWY 20 (OPPOSING RWY). WE INFORMED TWR THAT WE WERE ON SHORT FINAL WITH DEPARTING ACFT INSIGHT. TWR TOLD DEPARTING ACFT TO BREAK R. DEPARTING ACFT COMPLIED AND ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HE HAD THE ACFT IN SIGHT ON APCH. IT APPEARS THAT THE TWR CTLR THOUGHT THAT WE WERE OUTSIDE OF THE MERCY LOM AT THE TIME HE CLRED THE OTHER ACFT FOR DEP ON RWY 20. CALLBACK CONVERSATION WITH RPTR REVEALED THE FOLLOWING INFO: RPTR STATED THE DEPARTING ACFT WAS A C210, VFR, BELOW HIS ALT, AND HAD JUST LIFTED OFF WHEN HE WAS APPROX 1 MI FROM THE ARPT ON A MISSED APCH. HE SAID HE WAS INSTRUCTING A PVT PLT WITH APPROX 180 HRS. HE SAID MKL IS A CONTRACT TWR WITHOUT RADAR. HE TALKED TO THE ZME CTLR AFTER LNDG AND WAS TOLD THAT THE CTR CTLR COORD WITH THE TWR AND GAVE MKL AN ACCURATE TIME ESTIMATED OVER THE LOM. HE RPTED THE INCIDENT TO AN FAA OFFICE AND WAS LATER TOLD THAT THEY HAD LISTENED TO THE TWR TAPES AND HAD RECOMMENDED REMEDIAL TRAINING BE GIVEN TO THE CTLR INVOLVED.
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