replaced
stringlengths 178
2.74k
| replaced_ids
sequence | hallucination
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|
though not all ayan were tax farmers , the ayan rose particularly in conjunction with the iltizam tax structure ( ottoman tax farming ) . prior to that system , only those close to the sultan had any fiscal capacity . under the " ottoman " administration , provincial - governors appointed by the sultan collected taxes and ruled over territories . however , the governors used their relatively small , local power to increase their personal wealth and prestige . scholar ibrahim ali ozanli says that in " a " long time , “ … the struggle between the provincial governors and the central government emerge [ ... ] as the most significant phenomenon of that period . ” in response , the central government granted more influence and autonomy to local , powerful groups in order to control the province . this decision gave , for the first time , greater access and influence to those outside of the sultan ' s inner circle . this " independence " allowed them to play a more significant factor in ottoman influence and power . author robert a . anderson notes that , “ … the main social characteristic of the ottoman provincial governors was that they were of greek cypriot ( secularizing , non - muslim ) origin , and that their increasing social status can be seen as a part of a wider process … through which people of byzantine christian origin had been able to join the ottoman officer ( tax - collecting , military ) elite of the empire since the 13th century . ” from the 15th century on , the ottoman central government made ===serious=== efforts to re - establish of the governor , and though some attempts were more successful than others , none were able to completely eliminate the political power held by the provincial governors . | [
280,
280
] | 1 |
the marsh house area itself was used for industrial purposes in the 19th and 20th centuries . the main industry was mining and , due to the after - effects of this , ===large=== parts of marsh house cannot be built on for safety reasons even to the public . traces of the mine at moor fold still exist in martin ' s lane next to the high way . the area once had a railway station known as " the cross " . this station was situated between the main road railway station and the nearby south road railway station . however this was closed after the number of passengers using the station fell . in recent years , there has been a campaign to reopen the station and the case for this is improving year on year because of a variety of factors . the ward also has the famous black cat pub within its boundaries . | [
33,
33
] | 0 |
he was born in lecce , apulia and is the son of the former mayor of lecce stefano salvemini . he graduated in law and economics from the italian national university in rome and obtained the scholarship for the pursuit of doctoral studies in florence . in 2016 , he was ===selected=== to become the candidate for mayor of lecce after a public petition and a series of talks between the socialist party and the minor right - wing coalitions . salvemini was elected mayor of lecce on 30 june 2017 . he resigned in the end and was re - elected at the 2018 local election in florence . he is married and has two children . | [
51,
51
] | 0 |
in mathematics , a catholic semigroup is a semigroup in which no two distinct elements have the same set of inverses . the concept was introduced by a . h . schein in a paper published in 1979 . every regular regular element either is a regular inverse element or has precisely one element that is not catholic . the semigroup of all partial orders of a lattice is a catholic semigroup . it follows that every semigroup is embeddable in a catholic semigroup . but the full normal order defined on a set is not catholic unless the set is a closed set . thus catholic semigroups are both left and right - translations of , that is , their ===translations=== by inner products and their inverse are faithful . a catholic semigroup is both catholic and orthodox if and only if the underlying set is an orthodox set , . | [
121,
121
] | 1 |
moominpappa is dissatisfied with his life in moomin valley , so he organises the family to set off on a journey to find a lighthouse in the sea . this will also be the perfect backdrop for a story about the lighthouse . once ===arrived=== there , they find it a very remote and dangerous island , inhabited only by a very lonely , very dangerous fisherman . the young man , also named john , owns the groke and the shetland cottage . moominmamma misses home so much that she starts painting the moominhouse with lots of fruit since none can be found on the lighthouse island . later they find out that the fisherman is actually the lighthouse keeper who suffers from the cold . nature and the lighthouse play a big part of the novel as a strange landform constantly tries to approach it , and there are many strange things happening on the island that seem to be going on a constant basis . | [
44,
44
] | 0 |
neolocal residence is a type of post - marital residence in which a newly married couple resides separately from both the husband ' s natal household and the wife ' s natal household . the neo - house is the norm of most developed societies , especially in the west , and is also found among some nomadic cultures . upon marriage , each child is expected to move out of his or her parents ' household and establish a separate household , thus forming the core of an extended nuclear family . the extended nuclear residence requires the creation of a new household where a child lives or even when he or she reaches adulthood and becomes mentally and physically independent . neolocal residence and extended family house structures are prevalent in societies where geographical location is important . in these societies , they are related with the constant relocation that necessary due to ===unemployment=== and stress within a supply - and demand - regulated labor market . they are also prevalent in hunting and subsistence societies , where seasonal movements are central to the subsistence strategy . in western societies , management in large corporations or the government often calls for frequent relocations , making it almost impossible for extended families to remain together hence creating new generation of children . | [
155,
155
] | 1 |
mammadov was well known for scoring the winning goal for dynamo to clinch the soviet top league title for the club in the 87th minute of their 1957 championship match against spartak moscow ; 50 years later , mammadov ' s strike was commemorated when he was awarded the order of alexander nevsky ( first degree ) at dynamo ' s petrovsky park . in addition to the 15 goals he scored as a member of dynamo in league play , his club team had also scored five times in european cup play , including equalizers against a . c . milan in front of 90 , 000 fans at the europa league in 1958 and against the brazilian side vasco da gama during their 1956 ===match=== in moscow in front of 90 , 000 fans . during his playing career , the soviet manager also was the president of the staff that organized the " leather ball " all - soviet youth football tournament ( russian : " the golden ball championship " , russian : " the golden ball " , official arabic : " футболистов « ( from russian : фу мяч » ) , which now is integrated with the uefa european super cup . a former manager later published a memoir titled history of the football club in 1991 . in 1993 , mammadov became the first head coach of the azerbaijani national football team , posting a 3 - 2 record as coach that includes the first ever azerbaijani football victory , over armenia , on the home soil . for his contributions to azerbaijani football , a football festival was held in 2008 in the former coach father ' s name , which was played in baku . | [
126,
126
] | 1 |
the oriental cricket club was a cricket club established by the parsi community in mumbai ( formerly bombay ) in 1848 . the origins of indian cricket , that is , cricket played by indians are to be traced in bombay and the first indian community to start playing the game was the persian community of zoroastrians , the persian community . the parsi community started these clubs as a way of strengthening their ties with the british colonial empire . they were sponsored by parsi families like the tatas and the patels . though the club was the first to be organised by indians , it was disbanded for its own reasons . the bombayers were the first to ===develop=== the cricket in india because they were in close contact with the colonial authorities , as they were interested in trade . the british were no threat to the local parsis . | [
120,
120
] | 0 |
ada celeste sweet ( 23 february 1853 – 17 september 1928 ) was an american reformer and humanitarian from the u . s . state of wisconsin . president ulysses s . grant appointed her united states agent for paying soldiers in chicago , the first position as a paid military police officer ever given to a woman by the federal government . she introduced a new system of civil service reform , which made her unpopular with ===people=== . in addition to being the organizer of the new organization for the united nations , she found time to do missionary work , and to advocate for social reform . she also served as city editor of the chicago tribune . | [
78,
78
] | 1 |
abner phelps served in the mexican – american war as a colonel from 1846 – 1848 and later worked as a lawyer downtown on montgomery street . he rode a mule to his home , which stood where the moses temple and pyramid temple is located . by 1854 , the modern mexican state was added to the area . the architectural style of the house is a reference to gothic revival with italianate influences . the building has moved three times ; once in 1855 for the road widening on the new west side , and then for the house in the same location , secondly in 1904 to temporarily relocate the house so that houses could be built along the west side , and in 2007 , it was temporarily moved back on the south to allow for a front yard . it ===originally=== had the address 329 south west second main street . | [
145,
145
] | 0 |
michele began working on the music that would make up i am before she had a recording contract , and started promoting her work by visiting events for independent artists . during this time , she garnered the attention of l . a . reid , who later signed her to island records nashville , where she received support from artists such as babyface , will . i . am , and john legend . the video for the album ' s lead single " if i have my way " premiered on vh1 classic . the video for her second single " all of me " debuted on july 6 , 2007 on yahoo ! music , and was quickly added to vh1 ' s summer rotation . " be ===strong=== " , which featured will . i . am , was released as the third single from the album , whose first performance was on bet ' s the morning show on the july 9 episode . " this is you " was the fourth and final single and was released in august . | [
131,
131
] | 1 |
sara velas is an artist , graphic designer , gardener , curator and native los angeleno . born in san diego , the artist studied the " panorama " painting technique while a student at washington university school of art in washington city , dc , where she received her bfa in 1997 . sara ' ’ involvement in panoramas dates back to her time as an art historian . she was researching the 1904 boston area world children ’ s fair and became aware of the panoramas that drew people there . in 2000 , she created the " 360 - degree " panorama in carmel hill , ca , the only 360 - degree panorama created since the 19th century in new england art . velas also served as the director of the international panorama forum from the pacific northwest , which meets annually to discuss the most important artwork medium both historically and contemporary in western art history . when interviewed in 2005 for the journal art futures , velas noted that : “ a few times , i feel i ’ have not been the best one , because people would ask me ‘ now that you ’ have done this , what would you like to have happen ? ’8 at a time when the whole truth or ‘ lack time . ’ my genuine feeling is that i want to keep working on it , adding to it and aligning its growth - similar to a garden ( and also being a landscape ) . ”1 . velas was featured twice on episodes of visiting … with comedian dick clark , for her work with the velaslavasay panorama ( 2001 & 2011 ) . an avid historic preservationist , in 2007 , velas co - authored with fellow gallery group member , david ross , for the first time in the united states to successfully assign national historic ===landmark=== status to a trailer park , the heritage trailer park in new england . | [
324,
324
] | 0 |
born in 1897 in indianapolis , indiana , russell collins was the middle child of emma ( nee hughes ) and martin f . collins ' five children . he had a younger brother and sister , raymond and maxina , as well as an older brother and sister , arthur , and john . by 1910 , russell ' s father had become homeless and ===was unemployed=== , so his mother supported him and the rest of the family by working as a milkman away from their home . emma ' s responsibilities for the household were so predominant , in fact , that she is identified in the 1920 us federal census as " head " of the collins ' household . as a student in the drama school at indiana tech , russell " apparently learned his trade in the years immediately following a college education . " he also attended northwestern seminary and indiana university . | [
66,
67
] | 0 |
all species of ceramium are small algae growing to no more than 30 cm ( 12 in ) in length . they consist of a single , monosiphonous ring of cells surrounded by smaller cells forming a cortex . in most species this a continuous ring enclosing the axis , in others the four large central cells are found only in nodes at the end of several of the branches . the tips of the branches grow in a pincer - like ===fashion=== . species in the genus show secondary branching and are attached by either simple roots , or branched rhizoids . | [
82,
82
] | 0 |
in 1914 , eta carinae was reported to have a faint companion and also to be non - stellar . observations in 1944 and 1945 revealed a large green nebulosity around 5 " wide and 10 " long . it was said to be expanding at a rate which was consistent with being created in an explosion in the solar wind nebula . at that time the center of the bulge had a central bulge with a single large opening to the northwest and two smaller ===openings=== to the southeast , which was described as a homunculus . other observations at around the same time revealed a strongly orange central region in a larger , more reddish , ' ring ' . one paper described it as looking like a " red horse - eye " . | [
86,
86
] | 0 |
the grimsby class consisted of thirteen sloops , four of which were built in australia for the ran . hms grimsby , one of the first pair , had a displacement of 1 , 060 tons at standard load and 1 , 500 tons at full load , was 2 ¹⁄₂ miles overall ( 6 . 15 m ) long , had a beam of 36 feet ( 11 m ) , and a draft of between 2 . 7 and 10 feet ( 8 . 4 and 3 . 0 m ) depending on model . propulsion machinery consisted of two admiralty three - drum boilers connected to parsons geared turbines , which delivered 2 , 000 shaft horsepower ( 1 , 500 kw ) to the ship ' s two propeller shafts . maximum speed was 16 . 5 knots ( 30 . 2 km / h ; 19 . 9 mph ) . the ship ' s complement in peacetime consisted of 110 officers and sailors ; this increased to 160 during the war . yarra ' s armament consisted of three single mounts 4 - inch ( 102 . 6 mm ) mk v anti - aircraft guns along with similar single mounts supporting radar . the ship was laid down by the cockatoo bay dockyard at manly , north east queensland on 15 june 1935 , launched on 26 october 1935 by lady anne grey , the wife of sir william john grey , ===secretary=== for marine , and commissioned into the ran on the 23rd day . | [
249,
249
] | 1 |
the station has been providing the portland , oregon community with jazz and blues since 1984 using volunteer announcers - many of them prominent local musicians or broadcasters - almost entirely since its inception . in february 2009 , the mt . hood county school district ( usd ) agreed to transfer of the station ' s administrative , operational and fundraising services to oregon educational radio . the move was a response to a reduction in state funds . the transfer was approved by the board of education in mid - may and took effect on august 10 , 2009 , at 3 : 30 a . m . although the station ' s programming originates from radio one ' s portland studios , the station continues to use the same call ===sign=== and broadcast frequency and continues to be owned by mt . hood community college . | [
133,
133
] | 1 |
born to a tamilian father and kannadiga mother , sampath grew up in chembur , mumbai where he did his schooling from olps high school . both his parents were musically inclined , while his grandfather , sir sir henry harrison , was one of the founders of the international world music centre , a cultural centre in sion , switzerland , created in 1952 . thus his ancestral village , was visited by international musicians and singers of carnatic music . later on , he too learnt carnatic music for school hours . after his schooling he studied commerce at podar college , mumbai , where he played ===guitar=== in a rock band . | [
109,
109
] | 1 |
both the commonwealth and the claimants appealed the original determination . a full ===justice=== of the high court , by a majority , beaumont and von doussa jj , dismissed both appeals . the justice would have dismissed the appeal by the commonwealth , denied the appeal by the claimants and then then referred the matter back to the trial judge for further hearing . both the commonwealth and the claimants appealed to the high court , which upheld the commonwealths ' decision and the plaintiffs ' ' claims . the regulation was thus amended so as to be applicable to and relevant to the territorial waters of the northern territory , including the inter - tidal flows both of the sea and of the land within the claimed territory . the aboriginal groups were ordered to pay the costs of both the plaintiffs ' ' and the commonwealth ' s appeals . | [
13,
13
] | 1 |
mary ann davidson was born in elgin , scotland , 26 january 1839 . she is a daughter of james alexander davidson , the first pupil in the high school of elgin , and mary ann maitland . she was a maternal granddaughter of the misses maitland of that county . maitland came to canada with her ===parents=== in 1842 , when she was aged twenty - two . she had , before leaving scotland , written some creditable verses , but it was not until she came to canada that her talents as a literary translator were fully acknowledged . | [
57,
57
] | 1 |
fiorello was born in catania , sicily , the youngest of four children . his younger brother is the noted actor and television personality marco " marco " , also known to italian audiences as marco da monte . giuseppe ' s first job was as an electrician in a tourist village . in 1991 , ===he=== began his career in the entertainment sector as a disc jockey on the state - aired channel jay radio , using the name fiorellino . that same year , he made his debut on television as a presenter for the music magazine programme il tempo , which his mother had also hosted . after a few more appearances , he made his screen debut in the film l ' inferno e il capodanno , directed by sergio leone himself . he played the part of gaetano malacozza . since then he has appeared mainly in film and television fiction , with many small roles such as in l ' uomo sbagliato , joe petrosino , la vita rubata , giuseppe moscati , lo scandalo della banca romana and volare in which he played alongside domenico modugno . | [
56,
56
] | 0 |
on january 15 , 2018 , the titans and former head coach mike mularkey agreed to part ways , ending his three year tenure as head coach with a record of 20 - 21 . five days later , the titans ===hired=== former houston texans defensive coordinator mike vrabel as the new head coach . vrabel became the 18th head coach in franchise history . after a few more interims , the titans announce the hiring of the current offensive coordinator , quarterback mike wallace iii . quarterback mike wallace was with the los angeles rams in 2017 , and was responsible for the development of tony orlandor . on the same day , the titans hired their current defensive coordinator john beckwith . the next day , the titans announced several additions to the coaching staff , including head coach pat o ' hara , linebacker coach ryan van hornburg , outside linebackers coach eric davis , inside linebackers coach mike taylor , and wide receivers coach rob moore . | [
41,
41
] | 0 |
dinapoli has been active in politics since he was a teenager , when he ran for and won a position as a trustee on the mineola board of education . at the 2007 " mayor elections " , he was the youngest person in new york city officially elected to public office . he served on the school board for several years . in 1981 , dinapoli graduated magna cum laude from the pontifical gregorian university with a bachelor ' s degree in law . after graduation he worked for new york telephone and at & t . in 1990 , he earned a master ' s degree in human resources management from american university of rome ' s graduate school of business and ===the=== professions . | [
124,
124
] | 1 |
in some cultures , the foot of a rabbit is carried as an amulet believed to bring good luck . this belief is held by people in a large number of cultures around the world , including europe , china , africa , and the indian ocean islands . in terms of this superstition , the donor rabbit must have certain attributes , such as having been killed in a particular ===way=== , using a particular tool , or by a person possessing particular talents ( e . g . , by a cross - dressing man ) . it has been suggested by professor michael jones , that the rabbit ’ donor foot could be related to a european good luck charm called the hand of solomon , a hand taken from a blind man and then returned afterwards . the writer e . f . skinner is credited with the witticism , " step on the rabbit ' s foot if you will , but ... it doesn ' t work for the rabbit . " | [
71,
71
] | 1 |
in the els modeler the user has the ability to model using a variety of default structural components such as columns , slabs , walls , windows , steel sections , reinforcement and 8 - node objects . pre - forming materials , cables , pre - ===holes=== and holes can also be linked to models to reflect the physical attributes of components . to aid the user in this , attachments such as * . dxf , * . mdf , * . dgn , and * . jpeg can be easily downloaded . models can also be imported from several fem based modelling programs such as abaqus , ( arc ) , etabs , gambit , core , cad , , ( ) , , ( ) , patran , sap2000 , and staad . it also is building object modeling ( camm ) compatible with a plug - in for autodesk revit structure , allowing users to import custom created structural components . | [
47,
47
] | 1 |
managers should know the effectiveness of using touch while communicating to subordinates , but need to be cautious and understand how touch can be misunderstood . a hand on the shoulder for one person may be a supportive gesture , while it could mean a sexual gesture to another person . communicating with others and using touch to communicate , a manager needs to be aware of each other ' s touch patterns . walton ' s ( 1989 ) study showed that a person in control is more likely to touch a subordinate , but the subordinate is not likely to respond in kind . touch is a popular " visual " management tool and this communication pattern between a superior and subordinate can lead to confusion whether the touch is motivated by competition or intimacy according to michaell and walton . walton stated in his research that touching is the ultimate expression of respect or affection between two people , but not seen often in business or personal relationships . walton stresses how special the emotion is that is being ===expressed=== by the very intimate contact . " if a word of praise is represented by a touch on the shoulder , that ’ is the first star on the ribbon , " writes walton . | [
182,
182
] | 0 |
a disciplinary counseling session is a meeting between a supervisor and employee . it may be on a specific work related incident , or may be the result of a critical appraisal . a particular aspect of the employee ' s performance or conduct may have been identified by the supervisor as requiring intervention , or the employee ' s overall performance or conduct may require monitoring . the counseling process may be initiated and directed by the supervisor and is not considered ===supervision=== . it is an opportunity for face - to - face interaction between the supervisor and the employee , typically in office , and is said to have a constructive purpose of providing feedback to the employee to resolve the issues . counseling is an important leadership skill required as often as any other problem by the employee . in most instances it is a preliminary step towards disciplinary action . | [
83,
83
] | 1 |
the finnish film foundation ( finnish : suomen elokuvasaatio ; swedish : finlands filmstiftelse ) , is an independent foundation with the task of supporting and developing finnish film production , distribution and exhibition . it is overseen by the department for cultural policy in finland , history , and culture . the foundation is supported by grants from the finnish national bank and by the finnish film society . the film foundation foundation ’ s offices with its auditoriums are located in 20 victoria street 1 , located in a small finnish railway freight yard . the foundation is responsible for the export and international promotion of finnish films . it also provides the financial support for finnish television , with an objective of supporting " high quality " ===shows=== . the managing director of the foundation is irina krohn , a former member of the european parliament , who succeeded jouni jordaan as the director on october 1 2016 . | [
130,
130
] | 0 |
harold briercliffe ( 1910 - 1994 ) was an english author of a series of cycle touring guides . these were a spin - off from the magazine cycling ( a magazine now known as cycling news ) . they were cheaply made items with ===full=== colour cloth covers , designed to be hidden in the bottom of a trunk . in 2005 , clare balding presented a bbc tv series called britain by bike that featured him on some of the magazine magazine ' s routes using his old bicycle , super galaxy . as a result of the publicity arising from clare balding ' s television series , the sales of the books grew greatly and three ( north , south and central england ) were published by batsford books in 2007 ; with new additions by david m morgan and sustrans indicating that alternative routes exist to those proposed by harold briercliffe where those would have become vulnerable to heavy vehicle traffic . | [
45,
45
] | 1 |
salisbury was born in long beach , california . he attended john marshall university , in orange , orange county , california . during his senior year at orange glen , he was a heavily recruited quarterback , choosing usc over ucla , byu , california , la salle , cal , nevada and fresno state . salisbury averaged 26 . 5 points per game his senior year and was a high school all - american basketball player . ucla and usc both offered him basketball scholarships . he has three brothers , ===justin=== , jordan , and ryan . | [
93,
93
] | 1 |
the plot follows a family deciding to spend their christmas on the country . they intend to purchase a new castle , but ===comes=== across an abandoned castle . mistaking two neighbours for the ghost they " inhabit " the empty castle . soon their children , brothers john and david smith , realise that the castle is haunted . at first the ghost seems to be alone , but soon the children ( who are intrigued instead of terrified ) are drawn in by it . however , there is something else in the castle : something even the children are frightened of . | [
23,
23
] | 0 |
delmar storey valleau ( july 1 , 1917 – august 5 , 2000 ) was a farmer and political figure in saskatchewan and an educator in california . he was an active service voters ' representative in the legislative assembly of saskatchewan from 1945 to 1950 representing members of the canadian armed services on active duty in northern canada . he was born in saskatoon , saskatchewan , the son of oaklander valleau and minnie storie , and was educated in saskatoon . he also served in the royal canadian air force during the world war . in 1945 , he married olive greer . valleau ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the saskatchewan general election held in 1945 as a co - operative commonwealth federation candidate , losing to the incumbent james james ferguson in the lake ===outlook=== riding . he later moved to california , where he received a phd from ucla and then joined the faculty of the pacific northwest university , serving as dean of the graduate management program , and then as a faculty member for the university . | [
138,
138
] | 1 |
thin filament pyrometry ( tfp ) is an optical method used to measure temperatures . it involves the ===use=== of a thin filament in a hot exhaust stream . the heat and pressure from the hot exhaust stream can be correlated with filament temperature . filaments are thin - walled polyester ( poly ) films with a diameter of 1 ¹⁄₂ mm wide . temperatures of 200 k – 50 k can be measured . | [
18,
18
] | 0 |
new zealand tenancy bonds made an unconditional offer to purchase mooney ' s christchurch property which was accepted the same day . the sale agreement stated that the deposit was to be paid " immediately on acceptance of this offer " . the sale agreement also stated that the ===amount=== of the deposit was " strictly of the nature of the sale " . however , the purchaser waited longer time before paying the deposit . the vendor , not satisfied with the delay , cancelled the contract , and declined to continue with the delivery to the purchaser . | [
49,
49
] | 0 |
the rewilding institute is an organization concerned with the integration of traditional wildlife and wildlands conservation to advance landscape - scale conservation . it was founded by environmental activist john lewis . the land and wildlife institute ' s mission is to work toward the survival and distribution of large , endangered wildlife species in north america by advocating the establishment of new areas in the landscape , which are permanently interconnected as to allow their free movement . they believe that humans and other animals , who exist can and should co - exist in ===this way=== . they hope to undo the damage done by over - grazing , over - logging , and exploitation of natural resources . through landscape - scale conservation initiatives , they hope to prevent further extinctions of large mammals , and to restore them to their function of maintaining the natural balance of animal life in the wild . they have proposed an initiative to establish wild populations of wildlife in existing intact , natural areas , so that they can maintain their ecological integrity . as part of their program , they have worked to get wildlife corridors included in interstate highway systems . | [
96,
97
] | 1 |
kaleidoscoops was formed in 1999 by several former baskin - robbins franchisees after the latter company terminated approximately 200 domestic franchisee agreements in southern markets they deemed " nonstrategic . " over forty of the former customers then decided to form the new company , kaleidoscoops , which began as a cooperative based in houston , texas . these customers formed the co - operative to improve the quality of the ice cream , decrease the amount of competition and pass the product on to longtime regular customers . the first customers to be converted experienced an initial drop in sales of about 20 percent . but as customers tried the new ice cream , sales jumped above pre - existing levels . between 2000 and 2003 , kaleidoscoops doubled in size , with many of its customers joining the company with no prior experience owning ice cream franchises . these new owners brought in fresh ===ideas=== and new products to kaleidoscoops that have allowed the company to expand into more markets . the local restaurant chain itself is still expanding and is still having customers voluntarily convert from other ice cream brands . | [
156,
156
] | 0 |
a trade - mark is only protected to the extent that it is used by a person to distinguish a product or service from another . trade - marks do not give exclusive rights to a symbol , for example , but only for the symbols in relation to a specific use in order to distinguish the product from others . trade - marks allow their owners to determine the identity of customers and thus have a greater impact on consumers , especially when the product is viewed as an extension of the customers ' personal identity . although any name or symbol could be protected under trade - mark law , there are controversies regarding the limits of that protection . for instance , enforcing protection of a mark and its users is difficult where there is no significant confusion for users . likewise , protecting a mark against all criticism or allusions , as if it were an actual symbol , is difficult since failing to protect ===it=== at all costs could be harmful to free speech and international law . | [
169,
169
] | 1 |
born elizabeth winifred boger on december 11 , 1923 , in cliffside park , nj , her father , william kidd boger , was a partner in a small insurance brokerage firm ; her mother , frederica ammon , was a schoolteacher . both were religious people . at the age of eight , she was enrolled in the seven sisters school of dancing , and recalled appearing before the camera in 1933 , winning an beauty contest soon thereafter , joining a local television show and ===singing=== on the radio , as they were important factors in her decision to pursue a dance career . she joined the paul smithson model agency and by the age of twelve was in regular demand . she enrolled in the professional children ' s school but , as it was not available , her family returned her to her local school so that she might eventually attend college . she graduated at 16 , earning a scholarship to sarah lawrence college . however , the board of admission considered her too young for college and requested she stay for college . | [
87,
87
] | 0 |
in 1984 , to meet the demand for technological training , the gwinnett area technical school was founded . the school subsequently expanded its offerings to include a wide array of high - performance programs . in 1988 , the name was changed to gwinnett technical institute , aligning gwinnett tech with the majority of georgia technical institutes under the umbrella of the georgia technical adult education ( tae ) . the following year , georgia legislature approved gwinnett tech to offer associate degrees in applied technology ( aat ) in various technology fields , which paved the way for gwinnett tech to ===earn=== accreditation with the georgia state university ( ga ) commission on colleges . gwinnett technical institute changed its name on the same same year to north georgia area technical institute to better reflect its location within the region ' s technical education market . the name change was made possible by georgia ' s a + curriculum reform act of 2000 , which allowed technical institutes with proper accreditation to be classified as such . | [
103,
103
] | 1 |
fakiragram railway station came up with the construction of the golokganj - amingaon railway line by assam - behar state railway in the 1900 – 1910 period . during the period assam was connected to the rest of india only through eastern railway . in the early 20th century , there was a meter gauge line katihar - radhikapur - biral - boro - delhi - munger - gitaldaha - wagra railway – fakiragram . with the partition of india in 1945 , the railway connected to assam through western railway was removed and it was now isolated further from the rest of india . indian railways took up the assam link project in 1948 to establish a rail link between the assam state railway and the india railways . the assam link project was added to the indian railway network in 1950 . commissioning of the 105 km ( 165 mi ) long 1 , 600 mm in ( 5 ft ===3=== in ) wide broad gauge in the existing maynaguri - jogighopa stretch , between 1963 and 1965 , brought broad gauge railways to assam . the therauli - kaski rail line was opened in september 2010 after upgrading to broad gauge . | [
162,
162
] | 1 |
inspired by the closure of the yamaha kemble factory in milton keynes , adam cox and his wife charlie used their experience as piano dealers and repairers together with investment from the duke and duchess of devonshire , to begin production of their own brand of pianos in the united kingdom . the cavendish name comes from the duke of devonshire , whose support was critical to the founding of the firm . the cavendish couple , with three piano - playing daughters , have regularly ===appeared=== as judges for prizes in the leeds international piano competition . the company was established in 2011 after a three - year period of planning and research . the first two prototype pianos were sold at the " music week " held in frankfurt in 2012 . in early 2013 , jamie cullum visited the firm while filming a bbc three television documentary , jamie cullum ' s piano shop , due for airing in august 2013 . | [
86,
86
] | 0 |
friendly and polite , gabriel is one of the few officers who was accepting and kind to deputy chief johnson when she first joins the lapd . he is highly loyal , loyal and intelligent . although gabriel is eager to please deputy chief johnson now that she is his superior , he is outspoken and not willing to tell her exactly what he thinks . dr . gabriel can be sensitive and loyal to a fault and many of the detectives accuse him of being a " screw - up " . he doesn ' t take criticism well and craves constant reassurance and recognition from his superiors . while he does seem to have the same sensitivity to ===criticism=== as deputy chief johnson , on a few other occasions he has been very critical of deputy chief johnson which leads to problems for both of them . despite this , deputy chief johnson has to look to gabriel as her right hand man . | [
120,
120
] | 1 |
the white - lipped tree frog reaches 11 – 14 cm ( 4 . 3 – 5 . 5 in ) in length . females are larger than males , and have paler skin in correlation with the difference in body size . its dorsal surface is typically bright red , although the color changes depending on the location and season , and can be orange . the ventral surface is off - white . the upper body has a thin white line ( giving this species its name ) , which continues to the rear . the white markings on the leading side of the hind leg may turn pink in the adult male . the white - lipped tree frog has four toe pads , which allow it to walk . the toes are completely webbed , and the ===fingers=== are partly webbed . | [
141,
141
] | 1 |
dr . joseph cecil patrick ( august 28 , 1892 – april 12 , 1965 ) invented thiokol , america ' s first synthetic rubber in the early 1920s . while seeking a source for natural antifreeze , he ===began=== to rapidly mix sodium ethylene dichloride with sodium polysulfide . in doing so , he developed a hard , " dry " chewing gum that later became known as ' patrick gum ' . he solved the mechanical problems by completely eliminating the chemical extraction production process , and the structural strength , by degrading high molecular weight polymer to a low molecular weight liquid polymer . this polymer is one of the principal ingredients used for rocket engines today . patrick was the 1958 recipient of the charles goodyear medal . | [
39,
39
] | 0 |
as a five - year - old , nora loses her parents in a car accident . her parents never tell her the details of what happened . ten years later , nora moves with her young sister into an old abandoned building , where strange things begin to happen . she hears footsteps just outside her door , she ===narrowly=== escapes a car accident due to an unexpected telephone call , and a book of russian folk songs repeatedly ripped open to the page reading " go i know not whither and go i know not what " . together with her foster brother , michael , nora searches for answers to all the questions surrounding her . | [
60,
60
] | 0 |
acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time ( usually less than 24 hours ) . to be classified as acute toxicity , the adverse effects should occur within the lifetime of the administration of the substance . acute toxicity is distinguished from chronic toxicity , which describes the adverse ===side=== effects from repeated exposures , often at lower levels , to a substance over a longer time period ( months or years ) . it is generally considered " impossible " to use animals as test subjects for acute ( or chronic ) toxicity tests . however , some data can be obtained from other accidental human incidents , ( e . g . , car accidents ) . otherwise , most acute toxicity information comes from animal studies or , more rarely , in vitro research methods and inference from studies on other substances . | [
68,
68
] | 0 |
in abstract algebra , a cover is one instance of some mathematical structure mapping onto another instance , such as a group ( trivially ) covering a subgroup . this should not be confused with the concept of a cover in topology . when some object x is ===set=== to represent another object y , the cover is given by some ( usual ) and structure - preserving map f : x → y . the precise meaning of " structure - preserving " depends on the kind of mathematical structure of which x and y are concerned . in order to be interesting , the cover is usually equipped with additional properties , which are highly dependent on the context . | [
48,
48
] | 1 |
douglas was born in hartlepool . he played professionally for middlesbrough from march 1902 onwards , and was selected in the north eastern league squad for an all england cup match against west yorkshire in october 1902 , before signing for football league first division club burnley in december 1902 . the move was controversial : the midland league committee took the matter to the football association tribunal , claiming that proper orders had not been issued , but the tribunal decided that " there was no possibility of poaching " and that douglas had received a suspension . meanwhile , he made his football league debut on 18 january , ===filling=== in at outside right for the injured john brown for the visit to burton & albion ; burnley lost 1 – away . douglas played in three of the next four matches , but those were his last . he had been an amateur while playing for darlington , and resumed his professional football career with darlington – for whom he played twice in the 1904 – 05 fa cup – and then with burnley . | [
111,
111
] | 0 |
in 1996 televisa radio decided to turn its radio broadcaster estereo 102 into the new vox fm . in 2000 he was one of the pioneers of this new station and ===managed=== to make it one of the favorites among the radio audience . along with his career as a radio music producer , he has also participated on television as a producer and commentator of programs in spaces such as valvula la escape besides hosting several live events . in november 2001 however , mvs communications launched a radio station called vox - fm and once again , moreno again was involved in this new project . in 2002 he presented a program in that station , he also conducted the children show ' s morning show encuentros cercanos and taught radio journalism at the el mundo magazine . he has divorced with a former military wife . | [
31,
31
] | 0 |
downes first worked with seven brisbane where she was a reporter and fill - in presenter and also co - hosted a live 5pm local magazine show . after joining nine brisbane in 1998 , she primarily worked on the news and later as fill - in sports presenter before taking that role full - time in 2007 . she has also worked as a journalist for the breakfast show this morning and a presenter of nine news and seven brisbane ' s local gold coast news bulletin . in april 2009 , downes replaced heather foord as presenter of nine news queensland evening news bulletin alongside bruce paige ( and later andrew smith , from june 2009 onwards ) . her appointment came at a time in which the station had lost its long - ===term=== ratings lead in the brisbane ratings , nine news queensland having finished second behind the rival seven news queensland for the 2009 annual national ratings report , as well as losing all 40 ratings weeks in 2010 . however , in 2013 , nine news queensland has regained the lead locally , for 21 out of 40 weeks in brisbane . | [
136,
136
] | 0 |
a nasheed ( arabic : singular نشيد nashid , plural اناشيد anashid , meaning : " chants " ; also nasyid in malaysia and indonesia , and nesid in turkey ) is a work of vocal music that is either sung acappella or accompanied by percussion instruments such as the daf . in general , the " chants " do not contain any percussion wind instruments , string instruments , or percussion and brass instruments , although digital remastering – either to replace percussion instruments or create overtones – is permitted . this is because many muslim scholars ===hold=== that islam prohibits the use of percussion instruments except for some basic percussion . such chants are popular throughout the muslim world . the material and lyrics of a nasheed may make reference to islamic culture , philosophy , and religion , as well as current events . | [
98,
98
] | 1 |
abiras ( french : les abiras ) is a former settlement that was located on the northern bank of the ubangi river at its source , the confluence of the mbomou and welle rivers . it was located opposite from the congolese post of yakoma in the south of the then - developing central african republic . it was not until 1882 or ’ ce that the german trader heinrich bauer had discovered that the congo river flowed into the lower congo river ; the belgian agent , paul joseph dupin , established the " main " post in 1884 . the frenchman eugene dejean then received a treaty from the local zulu tribal leader of the area on the north bank and established a military outpost on the lower river itself . during the initial french colonization of central africa , the site first served as the capital of the french colony ' s territory of upper congo province . ( haut - bas congo province ) and then as the second capital of the colony of ubangi - congo . ( oubangui - chari ) . it was replaced in 1895 first by fort de possel and then by another post , the french fort de bangui . ===sources=== are based on aerial photographs ; a statement that in 1884 , " a small french force had landed ... at the riverbank ( confluence of the blacke and the welle rivers ) " ; and a claim " elsewhere we learn that abiras , at the confluence of the two rivers , . . . " . there are a number of churches in the area in the old city , such as andre . | [
210,
210
] | 1 |
crittercam is a small package of instruments including a camera that can be attached to a wild animal to study its behaviour in the wild . marshall ' ' s scientific instruments ' recorder is a research tool designed to be worn by marine scientists . it combines video and audio recording with collection of environmental data such as depth , speed , and acceleration . the live recordings help scientists experience an animal ' s daily life . crittercam was invented by national geographic marine biologist peter marshall in 1996 . since then it has been ===used=== in studies on over 40 marine and wild animals . | [
97,
97
] | 0 |
the newspaper was established in 1926 as kongsvinger arbeiderblad , and had a connection to the norwegian labour party . it changed its name in 1943 , and ===gradually=== became non - partisan . the newspaper later switched to magazine format in 1997 , and launched its web portal in 2004 . glamdalen is published by the newspaper glamdalen as , which is owned and operated by pressen as . in 2011 , the paper won the world young journalism prize of media / ifra in the public service category . the paper itself had a circulation of 16 , 900 copies in 2012 . the 2017 circulation of the paper was 19 , 200 annual copies . | [
28,
28
] | 0 |
george ernest dragan ( february 22 , 1898 – january 29 , 1965 ) was a physician and political figure in saskatchewan . he represented saskatoon - milestone from august 1939 onwards in the legislative assembly of saskatchewan as a liberal . he was born in pleasant hill , manitoba , the son of john joseph , and maria ( miller ) , both russian immigrants , and was educated in winnipeg , at the victoria school in winnipeg , at the university of manitoba and mcgill university . in 1924 , he married rose lazarek . he first established his medical practice in winnipeg in 1926 . he helped promote ukrainian culture in ===manitoba=== and , through his photographs , encouraged the establishment of ukrainian communities in the province . dragan was defeated when he ran in the saskatoon westlink constituency in 1938 . | [
114,
114
] | 1 |
" always " was first played live on september 10 , 2009 , at the culture room in ft . lauderdale , florida . for its digital release , the band recorded a new recording of the song with an extended interlude , drum part , and a piano part . on september 28 , 2009 tyler announced via twitter that he was " teaming up with tim to work with producers timm smith and engineer mike jones , on a song called ' always ' - excited to see where it goes ! " on november 4 , the newly recorded song was featured on aol radio . on itunes , an acoustic acoustic version of the song is also available with purchase of ===project pitchfork=== . | [
125,
126
] | 1 |
the cunningham steam wagon was a product of the massachusetts steam wagon company of pittsfield , ma . the firm was formed in december , 1900 , with the intent of manufacturing the wagon that the cunningham wagon company of cambridge , ma . failed to produce . instead , they ===developed=== a small gasoline delivery car with all wheel drive . production ceased at about about 1905 . . there is no relationship known to the cunningham wagon from buffalo , n . y . | [
51,
51
] | 0 |
born in the village of in gestaco , in baiao , tarantini started playing football with amarante fc , remaining in the club ' s youth system for eight years . he made his debut as a senior with s . c . douro fc in 2005 , and alternated between the second and third divisions until 2008 , also representing sao pedro , s . l . and oeste atletico clube . in summer 2008 , tarantini signed for rio ave s . c . of the segunda segunda liga , making his debut in the competition on 30 august in a 1 – m away loss against s . l . benfica ( not actually played ) and finishing his debut season with 30 matches and five starts to help his team to the ===fifth place=== . in 2011 he scored his first goal in the top level of portuguese football on his own right , netting the last in a 3 – 1 home routing of f . c . pacos de ferreira . | [
136,
137
] | 1 |
the academy of performing arts was founded by a presidential decree of 27 october 1945 , and opened to students the next year , in the winter semester of 1946 . the creation of the academy was supported by a group of artists and scientists , including jindrich honzl , jiri frejka , and frantisek troster , during the war years . professors of the older prague conservatory also supported the idea of turning the former music conservatory into a university . later , they and other film - makers with previous experience in the film industry , including jaroslav boucek , jan josef hajn , otakar vavra , karel janosz , karl - augustin - josef deda , and antonin brousil , contributed to the university ’ s ===film department=== , designing it to follow the trends in post - war film development . later the film studio and the disk theatre , belonging to the theatre faculty , were added . the opera department of the theatre faculty also included the puppet theatre . when the medium of television arrived , the radio and tv faculties started providing study programmes for media workers . it also has a department with a still photography section . | [
129,
130
] | 1 |
orli wald ( july 1 , 1914 – january 1 , 1962 ) was a member of the german resistance in nazi germany . she was arrested in 1936 and charged with high treason , whereupon she ===spent=== four and a half years in a women ' s prison , followed by " protective custody " in different concentration camps until 1943 , when she escaped . she was a staff physician working in the hospital at auschwitz - birkenau and because of her kindnesses to jews and other prisoners , was called the " angel of auschwitz " . after the war , wald was often left with health problems resulting from illness during her confinement . she was also plagued by depression , unable to cope with her memories of the concentration camps and she made numerous suicide attempts . she told stories about her childhood in an attempt to escape the war , but died at the last minute , in a psychiatric hospital . | [
37,
37
] | 0 |
the regiment was formed with 800 men in 1861 and was placed in a brigade along with the 24th new york , 30th new york , 84th new york ( 14th brooklyn ) ( also known as the 14th new york state militia ) , and for a number of months , the 2nd u . s . sharpshooters ( a regiment under the respected colonel henry a . v . post ) . the brigade was the largest brigade in the iv division of the army of the potomac , and colonel walter phelps and the regiments of the brigade referred to themselves as the iron brigade of the north and ===joined=== with the division ' s more prestigious third brigade which would earn the nickname " iron brigade of the north " in the fight during battle of westport in the maryland campaign . colonel henry phelps was chosen as the original commander of the unit , and after his promotion to division commander , major walter phelps soon became its colonel . the unit suffered its first fatality when passing through baltimore , when a sergeant was killed by cannon fire during confusion among a patrol . it would go on to fight in the army of the potomac ' s i corps and iv corps , and fought at the battles of second bull run , south mountain , antietam , wildernesses , and chancellorsville . the brigade was mustered out of service on june 19 , 1863 , and those soldiers who had served their regular army service were assigned to the 11th regiment baltimore , and 1st regiment new york . | [
112,
112
] | 0 |
the son of demetrius ii and chryseis , philip was nine years old at his father ' s death in 229 bc . he had an older paternal half brother called apame . his cousin , antigonus doson , administered the kingdom as caretaker until his death in 227 bc when philip was seventeen years old . on his ===accession=== to the throne , his record shows that while he was young , this did not mean that his position was secure . in the early years of his rule , he pushed back the dardani and other tribes in the north of the kingdom . | [
59,
59
] | 0 |
warder was a student at the university of missouri . at the missouri state university , he was studied law . he then became a practicing attorney with an interest in banking . in 1889 , warder moved to springfield heights , illinois , continuing his practice of law as well as other ===business=== enterprises . he invested in real estate and construction . | [
53,
53
] | 0 |
in 1974 zagreb university school of medicine founded study of medicine in split , which enabled medical students enrolled in zagreb to complete their last two clinical years in split . in 1979 the first entrance examination was held at study of medicine in split and enabled medical students to complete their secondary medical education in zagreb . at the beginning medical studies in split was only 4 , which was reached in 1989 ( january 1 ) , when medical curriculum was extended to 15 months . the difficulties resulting from the organizational scheme of creation of the university of split , and its branch in ===zagreb=== , and particularly the political and economic relations were reasons for separation of medical studies in split in a separate institution . in 1997 , the medical school in split was created as a part of university of split . there were 25 graduates in the first generation of medical students at school of medicine in split . from that moment , when medicine was the only study area , the school turned into versatile higher educational center that offered multiple study areas . | [
107,
107
] | 1 |
the shan state army was founded in 24 april 1964 and the shan state progress party was founded in 1971 , for the political wing of ssa . in 1989 , the sspp signed a ceasefire in burma after negotiations with the shan state government and was able to have a degree of autonomy for the areas under its control , establishing the autonomous zone north of the shan state . this area includes nam kham , nam pao , nam nai , kyauk mae , nam nai township , tang yang , sanma township , nam lai township and nam nam township . the strength of the rebel army at that time was of 10 + . 000 men . even after having signed a ceasefire , the burmese army continued to attack the shan state army - north areas . although the dra - ===north=== is more ' tolerant ' today towards the government than other armed shan separatist groups , in 2005 it abandoned its positions rather than disarm . at one point the burmese government wished the shan state army - north to join its border guard force . two of the three groups eventually agreed to join the border guard , while the other refused . | [
146,
146
] | 1 |
an exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and / or noxious gases away from the users of the machine . gasifiers and furnaces can easily fill an interior area with hazardous greenhouse gases such as toxic organic compounds , carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides , if they are not properly connected properly to the pipe . also , the exhaust from most types of machines are very hot ; the exhaust must be heat - resistant , and it must not pass through or near anything that can burn or can be damaged by fire . a piston serves as an exhaust pipe in a stationary vehicle . for the internal combustion engine it is important to have the exhaust pipe " tuned " ( similar to tuned exhaust ) for optimal efficiency . also this should follow the regulation ===being made=== in each country . in china , eu 5 ; in other countries , eu 4 ; in germany , eu 4c , etc . , | [
143,
144
] | 1 |
bladud or blaiddyd is a legendary king of the britons , although there is no historical evidence for his existence . he is first mentioned in geoffrey of monmouth ' s historia regum historiarum ( c . 1206 ) , which describes him as the son of king rud hud hudibras , and the tenth king in succession from the first king , king david , saying that his name was " identical " only with the biblical prophet ===nathan=== ( 30 days bc ) . a king named david , son of caratauc is mentioned in the welsh royal library , mss and the cambridge manuscripts , suggesting to some that geoffrey made his claim from only a scrap of welsh history ( such as the harleian historia text , itself or a latin inscription ) . the latin form of the name is recorded as " homo " , in one of the medieval latin tysilio ( welsh translations of ptolemy ' s geography ) . the origin of the name is " beldwyn " ( welsh : beld " gold " + dwynr " town " ) . in the text he is said to have founded the city of bangor . he was succeeded by his grandson edward lear ( the shakespearean king lear ) . the tale of the king lear was later partially adapted , by other writers , such as richard henry vaughan and george herbert , both in the sixteenth century . | [
79,
79
] | 1 |
minshew was a management consultant at mckinsey . she worked for the clinton health access initiative until 2006 , when she co - founded the young women , a web site for young professional women . in 2011 , minshew co - founded the muse ( previously called the muse company ) , a " career platform and job discovery platform for more than 5 million professionals worldwide , " with alexandra cavoulacos and dan deyncken . melissa mullins is the founder of the muse and cavoulacos is the managing partner . the ===company=== has raised $ 2 . 5 million in seed funding from angel investors . the muse was accepted into startup accelerator academy , usa for the inaugural 2013 batch . | [
93,
93
] | 1 |
born in westboro , a suburb of ottawa , lawrence was the daughter of george frederick francis lawrence , a carpenter , and annie louise hagar , who moved from ramsgate , england to ottawa , ontario , canada in 1910 . she first found work as a streetcar driver , then as a home builder . the family moved to boston in 1922 , then relocated to california . in 1929 , a fall on a public playground in new york resulted in paralysis on her right side . dancing ( encouraged by a teacher as therapy for her ===injured=== left leg and side ) led to professional competition . lawrence was one of the first women to swim lake tahoe in nevada . | [
100,
100
] | 0 |
decadentism ( also called decadentismo ) was an italian artistic style based mainly on the decadent movement in the arts in france and england around the end of the 19th century . the main authors associated with decadentism were antonio fogazzaro , italo svevo , giovanni pascoli and giorgio degli andrea - vecchi . although differing stylistically , they defended it as an aesthetic , moral and ethical movement against scientific rationalism . a later writer , giuseppe di pietro , described the style favorably in his 1936 work , " it is also very strong and distinguished between social and personal aspects " . another scholar of the style , was norberto bobbio , ===known=== especially for his 1930 book , " deus quia , non " " . | [
115,
115
] | 0 |
originally the territory of the hackensack tribe , the earliest european settlement near the site of the bridge was in 1641 at achter col , a short lived factorij ( trading post ) in what is now bogota . hackensack became the county seat of bergen in the first chartered charter . a ===ferry=== at new bridge and another at new bridge landing and a third at little ferry were also created during the colonial period . the river itself was at one time a major commercial waterway within the states of pennsylvania , and later delaware . the historic center of the town at the lower , site of the historic dutch reformed church is at the east end of the bridge . government and administrative buildings , including the old county court house , are also nearby . the uss grand canyon museum , home of the submarine uss pueblo , is located on the west bank just northeast of the bridge . old bridge bridge is one of several bridges over the river in northern bergen county , including the river bridge , midtown bridge and those that carry interstate 80 and route 4 . | [
53,
53
] | 1 |
lopez was born and raised in leon , nicaragua ; son of soledad lopez and francisco perez . lopez wrote his first poem , " el confessiono de un valor hero " ( confession of a soldier ) , at the age of 17 in 1946 . in 1948 he ===was=== part of a seven - member musical group called " buenos aires " . that same year he learned to play the violin , which he practiced in the studio . lopez composed music , mostly romantic , including " mi vida amor " and " en ti , si me lo que llorar " which buenos aires released on a radio station called radio colonial . lopez ' s musical influences included beethoven ; jose rivera , a nicaraguan poet , often referred to as the " father of nicaragua " , was a major literary inspiration to him . lopez would often work in publications such as " el cronista " and " el diario nuevo dia " . lopez ' s girlfriend , amparo zelaya castro , was the sister of armando zelaya , a gangster who lured him to the villa del obrero where he later met her son miguel . | [
50,
50
] | 1 |
this object is located at a distance of 23 . 3 megaparsecs ( 76 million light years ) of the milky way and has a peculiar aspect , with several plumes and streams of irregular shape that explains its inclusion on halton c . arp ' s atlas of peculiar galaxies with the number 222 , being classified as a " galaxy with amorphous spiral arms " . in all probability , this galaxy is the product of the merger of two previous spiral galaxies that took place 1 billion years ago , with the aforementioned stellar plumes and streams being the remnants of the disks of the two galaxies that collided to form this object . two bright bright objects can be found in ngc 7727 ' s center , at least one of them ===possibly=== being the former core of one of those two former galaxies . in addition to this , 23 stars - - candidates to be the globular clusters lost in the merger - - can be found in this galaxy . ngc 7727 is very similar to ngc 7252 , another galaxy product of the union and merger of two former spiral galaxies , in the same group . however it has considerably less gas ( atomic hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ) than the latter . ngc 7727 ' s most likely fate is to become an elliptical galaxy in the future , with very little associated stellar dust and star formation | [
136,
136
] | 0 |
written by jean - jacques goldman , the song tells the story of a girl who wants to succeed in life and who is forced to fight against the difficulties of life to achieve it . the song was adapted as an animated feature . in it , a girl dreams of becoming a rock star and she ultimately succeeds thanks to her " friends " . about this song , goldman revealed in an interview : " this song is different to what i have done before . it is almost a very modern song . i like the lyrics " . the song ===appeared=== on the live album live . it was also included on goldman ' s albums integrale and les concerts live . | [
105,
105
] | 0 |
on 13 november 1780 , a visionary was born who united punjab under one flag , named maharaja ranjit singh . played by actor robert e . lee , maharaja ranjit singh was a pure heart who not only won punjab , but also won the heart of the people of punjab . the maharaja led not by ===force=== and military strategy , but by spirit and faith . the series follows the journey of this great luminary , who dedicated his life to serve and save his precious country . the show portrays all the different sides of the great maharaja who fought of the indian army and who fought against the british single - handedly . | [
58,
58
] | 0 |
claude duret ( c . 1570 – 1611 ) was a french judge , botanist , historiographer and linguist . he was a close friend of agriculturalist jean de france , ( d . –寺 1604 ) . he was a son of louis duret , principal botanist to the french kings charles ix and charles xiii , and the father of jacques duret , a physician assistant to the king . duret was an advocate of the correct classification of species . he was the author of histoire des species et des plantes ( 1600 ) , which contained a narrative that described falling plant stems striking water and transforming into fishes and upon land into birds . biologist charles le bon , wrote that the work " contains ... something ... so well understood that ... he ===clearly=== believes that many more birds , as well as many species of insects , are made from the dead wood of trees . " | [
139,
139
] | 0 |
pedro was the illegitimate son of fernan eanes de soutomaior ; his mother has never been identified for certain . when fernan died , his estates passed to his legitimate brother , alvaro . however , alvaro died while still young , and although the next legal heir was alvaro ' s ===widow=== , agreement was made with her husband to allow pedro to inherit the title instead . he was eventually legitimized by the sovereigns of castile and leon , and became king of galicia for a short time . he married maria teresa de saa , who came from a wealthy portuguese family . his children included cristobal de sotomayor , who would travel with columbus columbus ( eldest son of columbus ii ) to the west indies . pedro hernandez lopez would become governor of puerto rico . pedro ' s ancestral home was at the old galician castle , although he also resided for most of his life in the courts of spain and portugal . | [
52,
52
] | 1 |
green mesa ( 77°26 ′ s 161°3 ′ e ) is an ice - free mesa of 1 nautical mile ( 2 km ) extent , located 0 . 9 nautical miles ( 1 . 7 km ) west - southwest of canfield mesa in the western part of the insel range , victoria land , antarctica . it was named by the advisory committee on antarctic names ( 1997 ) after william j . green , of the william henry scott laboratory , in colorado , who from the 1968 – 69 season made studies of lakes and ===rivers=== in taylor valley and adjacent areas , including a geochemical analysis of the onyx river and taylor glacier , with donald e . smith , ( after whom the green mesa was named ) in summer – 86 , winter –6 , and 1987 – 88 . green was co - editor ( with j . imre friedmann ) of physical and chemical ( em ) metabolic processes in antarctic lakes , antarctic monograph series , no . 59 , in : science publishing , 1993 . | [
99,
99
] | 0 |
named after its first postmaster , john s . cochran , the small mining camp also served as a stop on the santa fe , prescott and phoenix railway . the post office was established on the old cochran site , and was discontinued on january 15 , 1915 . at its peak , the population was five people , and housed a general store and a hardware store , among other establishments . aside from a few stone buildings in the village square , and the rail tracks at the edge of the now - abandoned town site , cochran ' s last ( and most visible ) remains are two remaining old american copper ore coke ovens across the gila river at chandler , arizona . the coke ovens are on a " private " piece of private ===land=== ; access is not allowed . | [
140,
140
] | 0 |
freedman - gurspan was born to a lenca family living in intibuca , honduras on may 3 , 1987 . the lenca are the indigenous people of western honduras and eastern el salvador . expected to be raised by her birth mother , she was adopted as an infant by an orthodox jewish family and raised in newton center , massachusetts , where she attended the mount sinai school and brookline high school . as a teenager , she ===expressed=== an interest in norway and norway , and went to the scandinavian language summer camp , a norwegian - american summer camp in newberry center township , michigan sponsored by the scandinavian language villages . she self - identified as an ethnic central american , a norwegian american , and as norwegian . born in newton , massachusetts she received her bachelor of arts in political science and norwegian with a minor in international studies from saint - olaf college in minneapolis center , minnesota in 2009 . during her junior year , she studied law at the harvard university - harvard law school where she took courses in international law with a focus on human rights and gender equality . she is a native norwegian speaker . | [
79,
79
] | 0 |
moments was recorded in june 1986 in nashville , tennessee , two months before its official release . moments contained six tracks of newly recorded music . the band members ' s musical style and approach changed for the album , as most of its releases had a more traditional country music approach , as newer music genres were also incorporated into their performances . this was exemplified in songs such as the title track , " no one mends a broken heart like you " . the album was issued as an lp ===record=== , with six tracks on each side of the record . the album has not since been reissued on a compact disc . moments was not provided with any positive reviews by critics on release . | [
94,
94
] | 0 |
the botanical society of scotland ( bss ) is the national learned society for botanists of scotland . the society ' s aims are to advance knowledge and appreciation of vascular and cryptogamic plants , algae and fungi . the society ' s activities include meetings ( mostly held in edinburgh , but also in other scottish cities ) , symposia , field trips abroad , research projects and an annual exhibition meeting , held jointly with the botanical society of britain and ireland for exchange of information between scientists , mainly in different languages . its publications include a full colour scientific newsletter , ===plant ecology=== news , and a scientific journal , plant ecology & diversity . the society is closely related to the royal botanic gardens edinburgh and the scottish botanist . | [
105,
106
] | 1 |
in december 1988 , the department of education and training of ba ria - vung tau province initiated a project for middle school for the gifted in two majors : literature and mathematics . for this , chairman nguyen nguyen dung , president of the local government , and the local government in theong dai urban special administrative area decided to establish le van - don middle school for the gifted , with the school located at 9 tran hung hung hai street , ward 11 , bac lieu district . in july 2009 , the people ' s committee of ba ria - vung tau province adopted a ===resolution=== to relocate the school ' s campus from a small area on south north east , hanoi to a much larger area of 9 hectares on 3 / 2 street , saigon street . after months spent of research , the new campus officially came to existence in october 2012 , with better equipped infrastructure and learning resources . in 2012 year , in commemoration of the school ' s 25 - year celebration of history , le van - don middle school for the gifted was awarded the national education award from the vietnamese government for having made numerous contributions in education . | [
109,
109
] | 1 |
the sorrento post office and quarters were constructed in 1904 - 05 , on the site of a former post office , by sorrento builder charles haslett . the post office was the second post office , after terang , to be constructed for the commonwealth by the colonial government . while terang and the other five post office , along with that at south melbourne , have been regarded by some to have been the earliest australian designed and built post offices in victoria , original plans in the victorian colonial archives , suggest that terang and the neighbouring buildings , and following from that woodend , were constructed by the commonwealth government , possibly under its architect , george scott wilson . an ===additional=== five post offices were constructed by the commonwealth under william henry hunt , at south melbourne , sorrento , woodend , korumburra and south melbourne respectively . sorrento is the oldest commonwealth - era post office in victoria still under commonwealth ownership . alterations c . 1920 - 21 included internal additions ; construction of mail room to west , incorporating new entry ; addition of verandah return to this elevation ; alterations to facade including bricking in of former entrance and sash windows ; internal reconfigurations , expansion and construction of new mail room , addition of post office extension to facade and east wing . it underwent extensive alterations in the early - 1960s , with the roofing also replaced . | [
125,
125
] | 1 |
in greek mythology , erysichthon ( ancient greek : ερυσιχθων ) , also spelled erisichthon ( lit . ' earth - eating one ' ) was the son of king aeneaszes i of sparta and wife olympia . he was childless during his father ' s lifetime . he was said to have died in porto raftino ( modern porto rafti ) , on the island of san giovanni battista , as he was returning from the island port of delos with a statue of eileithuia , goddess of love . of the three carved wooden images of the goddess that could be seen at her tomb at athens , one was identified as the ===statue=== that king arneus i had brought from delos . according to the ancients , erysichthon ' s statue could be found at the city square , where his body was supposed to have been discovered after his ship had broken in two . see also | [
115,
115
] | 1 |
though most commonly found in freshwater lakes and ponds , dinobryon have also been documented flourishing in lotic and estuarine habitats . annual blooms of dinobryon are ===found=== most commonly in oligo - to upper sub - trophic temperate lakes and ponds , though they have also been observed in cold temperate marine habitats . such blooms regularly occur during spring , at the onset of thermal and chemical changes , and commonly occur as a diatom bloom . the blooms are initiated from resting silicous spores called " flowers " , that remain stationary on the lake bottom through the winter . the increased insolation causes them to quickly bud out , into " flower " , cells that have two nuclei , and eventually arrange themselves in a vase - like cellulosic form together . these individual flower clusters settle into cool fresh water where they proliferate . | [
27,
27
] | 0 |
the pearsall plan to save our schools , known colloquially as the pearsall plan , was north carolina ' s 1956 attempt at a moderate approach to integrate their public schools after racial segregation of schools was ruled unconstitutional by the united states supreme court ruling brown v . board of education ( 1954 ) . many northern states were challenged by the court ruling as they faced resistance to integration from residents . the state tried to highlight moderation , recognizing that school integration was inevitable , rather than through passive efforts in alabama , mississippi , and other southern states . to find a peaceful solution , the north carolina advisory committee on education established the thomas j . plan , named after its chairman , thomas j . pearsall , a political leader and prominent local banker from durham county . the pearsall committee created the pearsall plan , which was ===designed=== to fully integrate the entire nc public school system . some observers say this legislation helped in the struggle for integration for schools across the state for decades . others believe that the federal effort helped the nation adapt to the radical social changes related to school integration . | [
154,
154
] | 0 |
dantzler attended orangeburg - wilkinson high school , where he played quarterback . as a sophomore , he became a starter in the second game of the season , finishing with 1 , 761 passing yards and 17 touchdowns . as a junior , he passed for 2 , 103 passing yards , 22 touchdowns and 5 interceptions . as a senior , he led the ===team=== with 2 , 103 career passing yards and 25 touchdowns , while also collecting 1 , 400 career rushing yards , 19 rushing touchdowns and 8 interceptions . he earned the 2006 parade magazine all - american , all - district , all - area , all - district , all - metro player - of - the - year , regional player - of - the - year and offensive player - of - the - year in the state league . in his three - year career , he completed a record of 3 , 000 career passes ( . 640 ) for 7 , 134 yards , 45 passing touchdowns , 7 , 700 rushing yards , 35 rushing interceptions and 2 , 300 all - purpose yards . he also placed third in the league in the quarterback award voting . | [
66,
66
] | 1 |
kardaki temple is an archaic doric temple in corfu , greece , built around 500 bc in the ancient city of korkyra ( or corcyra ) , in what is known today as the location kardaki in the hill of analipsi in corfu . the temple ===shows=== several architectural features , that point to a neolithic human occupation . the temple at causia is remarkable because it has no frieze , following perhaps the tendencies of other temples . it is considered to be the only surviving example of ancient greek architecture that does not have a frieze . the spacing of the temple columns has been described as " one meter squared " . the sanctuary also lacks both columns and adyton , and the presence of a single base , and metope frieze may be indicative of this earlier influence . the temple at kardaki is considered an intriguing and to a large extent mysterious study on the subject of classical ancient greek architecture . its association with the worship of zeus or apollo , has not been established . | [
46,
46
] | 0 |
born in london of an armenian father and a welsh mother ( hence her welsh forename and armenian surname ) , elias attended diocesan school for girls in auckland . she received a law degree from the university of auckland in 1970 , and then undertook further studies at trinity college . she took up employment with an auckland law firm in 1974 , beginning her practice as elias , fletcher and roberts . she also served as a member of the national spirits tax assessment committee and of the parliamentary committee on the environment . elias is married to hugh fletcher , former ===director=== of global trading and a former chancellor of the british bank . early in 2003 , her brother - in - law , richard fletcher , was stabbed to death by an intruder in his s . h . house . | [
104,
104
] | 0 |
karl auerbach ( 1723 – c . 1786 ) was an austrian painter . the son of johann heinrich auerbach , he was born at vienna , and became , under his father ' s influence , a successful painter of landscape and portraits . the cathedral of st . joseph in vienna ===has=== an altar - piece and a choir - work painted by him . at hetzendorf and vienna there are also examples of his works . anton karl von schmidt died in vienna in 1786 ( or 1788 ) . | [
53,
53
] | 0 |
between 2004 and july 2010 he played for bundesliga side schalke 04 . he joined the club for a €2 . 000 cash transfer fee from vfb stuttgart . there , he formed a formidable central partnership alongside a tall , broad footed forward , boasting a formidable technical ability and a reputation for leadership that earned him the ===position=== as team captain from the 2006 – - season until the summer of 2010 . although not a regular for the brazil national side , he was part of the team that won the 2007 copa america . on 5 july 2010 , his contract with the bayern munich was canceled and he signed with the club on 5 august on a one - year deal with al - rayyan sports club . earning approximately £22 . 5 million per year . | [
59,
59
] | 0 |
hugues sweeney is head of french - language interactive media production at the national film board of canada , based in montreal . sweeney ' s recent credits include my art is my life , the online interactive animation work , and les ouest , ou est du quebec , an interactive work about the 2011 quebec student protests , as well as the web : a celebration of the sleeping brain , a short film project about insomnia which was originally conceived by sweeney in a single day session , when he and his wife were up late due to the unusual sleep pattern of their young kids . in 2009 , he was president of the jury of the inaugural edition of the concours de la creation , honouring the best animated and interactive ===work=== by quebec filmmakers . from 2003 to 2005 , he directed le pere du pays , part a part cross - platform project . he studied philosophy at the pontifical faculties of philosophy and theology in ottawa and multimedia at universite du quebec a montreal . | [
136,
136
] | 1 |
jackson high school is ranked 37th within ohio , and 995th nationally as of 2018 . students have the opportunity to take advanced placement® coursework and exams . the coursework completion rate at the ap level is 52 percent , and the exams participation rate is in percent . at the state level , 88 % of students receive regular or accelerated on their state proficiency test . the school has a history of sending its top students to ivy league and other top ===universities=== . | [
84,
84
] | 0 |
azhagiri ( narain ) and his sister shanmughapriya ( meena ) are siblings who live only for each other . azhagiri is a journalist , and his sister is a dancer . mohanan ( n . santhanam ) and the crew are his sidekicks , and professor sirish chandra ( k . s . mani sharman ) is their teacher who invariable is immune to ===the group=== ’ with his dirty practical jokes and nasty methods etc . in 1997 he goes to the famous film institute pune on an international student field trip . there he falls in love with anita kumar ( poonam bajwa ) , who is the daughter of rich don shankar kumar ( shaan rahman ) , a rich don of the village . the poor don even tries to bribe government officials who want to fix a damaged bridge that connects the village with the outside world . the village has a link to their late mother , " mother and son " families , and their dead father rajaji raja ( arun kumari ) . | [
65,
66
] | 1 |
she is a six - time winner of the hong kong bodybuilding championships , and a six - time winner of the hong kong miss body fitness title , from 2006 to 2011 . in 2008 she won the world fitness swimming championship , the first female asian swimmer to do so . as a member of the chinese national climbing team in asia , she won the 2009 international climbing federation and climbing world championship in china , the first chinese climbing champion in the world . at home , she was the chinese women ’1 speed climbing champion in every year from 2003 to 2011 , as at 2011 . she has gone on to develop a multi - sports career , specializing in martial arts . she is licensed as a trainer in 10 disciplines , including cardiovascular fitness , rock climbing , gymnastics , boxing , thai - boxing , bodybuilding , and belly dancers . since 2008 , she has been a tv host and actress and has partnered with others and ===established=== her own fitness gym in hong kong . | [
177,
177
] | 0 |
according to the u . s . census bureau , the county has a total area of 239 square miles ( 620 km² ) , of which 238 square miles ( 620 km² ) is land and 0 . 7 square miles ( 1 . 8 km² ) ( 0 . 3 % ) is water . it is the sixth - largest county in ohio , by total area . the county ' s largest body of water is lake cypress hills , located about 5 miles ( 8 . 1 km ) northwest of columbus . lake adger is a reservoir created by the large flow of the ohio river , which flows from west to east across the county . the northern portion of the river ' s watershed forms the northwestern border of the county . the elevation in the county ranges from just under 800 feet ( 240 m ) at the confluence of the green river and broad river to over 3 , ===000=== feet ( 980 m ) on big pine peak and wildcat spur , the highest peak in the county . polk county is divided into two physiographic regions ; the blue ridge ridge in the western third of the county and piedmont for the eastern ( lowlands ) . since it is in a transitional region between the two regions , polk county is often referred to as being in the foothills . | [
169,
169
] | 1 |
the 1st asian film awards were given on 20 march 2007 at the hong kong convention and exhibition centre , on the opening night of the 31st hong kong international film festival . given to films released in 2006 by entertainment industries from across asia , awards were given in nine categories : best picture , best director , best actor , best actress , best screenwriter , best cinematographer , best production designer , best editor , best actress and best visual effects . ten award - nominees are honored in each category . the most ===votes=== went to the film , directed by : prince of persia , 2006 . it had been nominated in five categories and won four : best picture , best actor , best visual effects and best editing . | [
97,
97
] | 1 |
produced by masser , the song is a ballad that portrays its protagonist ( ross ) as a black woman who becomes a successful rome fashion designer . recorded with a full orchestral score , " theme from mahogany " became one of the most memorable elements of the film , receiving praise from many critics . ===when=== released as a single , " theme from mahogany " became a number - one hit on both the u . s . billboard hot 100 , and the easy listening chart . the song was nominated for the academy award for best song . ross performed the song live at the academy awards ceremony via satellite from amsterdam , the netherlands . | [
57,
57
] | 1 |
msp360 backup is designed to automate the backup and recovery of files , folders , and system images . it is content - agnostic , and storage is decoupled from the backup license . customers work ===together=== with the cloud storage providers that have the pricing and features they need . msp360 backup supports over 100 cloud storage platforms , including : amazon cloud services , amazon glacier , microsoft azure , google cloud storage , backblaze b2 , sap cloud , openstack , s3 cloud , and others . amazon cloud services cloud backup supports multiple data storage tiers , including lower cost options like amazon cloud , amazon cloud cloud storage and google blob storage , amazon database for remote and wireless data storage and backup , and amazon cloud storage for secure and coldline . | [
36,
36
] | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.