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2101
[ "Induction", "of", "HIV-1-", "LTR", "-driven", "transcription", "in", "THP-1", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "was", "associated", "with", "the", "induction", "of", "nuclear", "factor-kappa", "B", "DNA-binding", "activity", "." ]
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2102
[ "Superantigens", "also", "increased", "viral", "protein", "secretion", "from", "the", "granulocyte-macrophage", "colony-stimulating", "factor-pretreated", "chronically", "infected", "human", "monocytic", "cell", "line", "U1", "." ]
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2103
[ "Induction", "of", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytic", "cells", "by", "superantigens", "occurred", "via", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor-alpha-dependent", "and", "-independent", "mechanisms", "." ]
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2104
[ "Our", "results", "suggest", "that", "superantigens", "and", "other", "MHC", "class", "II", "ligands", "may", "activate", "HIV-1", "gene", "expression", "in", "monocytes/macrophages", "." ]
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2105
[ "Mitogen", "activation", "of", "human", "peripheral", "T", "lymphocytes", "induces", "the", "formation", "of", "new", "cyclic", "AMP", "response", "element-binding", "protein", "nuclear", "complexes", "." ]
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2106
[ "A", "large", "body", "of", "evidence", "indicates", "that", "experimental", "agents", "which", "raise", "cellular", "cAMP", "levels", "inhibit", "T", "cell", "growth", "and", "division", "." ]
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2107
[ "By", "contrast", ",", "many", "studies", "have", "reported", "that", "mitogen", "activation", "of", "T", "cells", "increases", "cAMP", "levels", ",", "implying", "a", "positive", "physiological", "role", "for", "cAMP", "in", "the", "activation", "process", "." ]
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2108
[ "In", "the", "present", "study", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "mitogen", "activation", "of", "human", "peripheral", "T", "lymphocytes", "induces", "nuclear", "factors", "that", "form", "complexes", "with", "cyclic", "AMP", "response", "element-binding", "protein", "(", "CREB", ")", "." ]
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2109
[ "Four", "complexes", "are", "identified", "by", "the", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", ",", "two", "of", "which", "are", "induced", "by", "mitogen", "activation", "." ]
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2110
[ "All", "four", "complexes", "contain", "CREB", "and", "are", "bound", "to", "the", "cAMP", "response", "element", "(", "CRE", ")", "core", "sequence", "(", "TGACGTCA", ")", ",", "as", "indicated", "by", "antibody", "and", "oligonucleotide", "competition", "experiments", "." ]
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2111
[ "Binding", "of", "the", "four", "complexes", "to", "CRE", "is", "prevented", "by", "dephosphorylation", "of", "nuclear", "extracts", "and", "is", "restored", "by", "rephosphorylation", "with", "cAMP-dependent", "protein", "kinase", "or", "endogenous", "kinases", "." ]
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2112
[ "Similar", "complexes", "are", "detected", "in", "nuclear", "extracts", "of", "Jurkat", "cells", "." ]
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2113
[ "Mitogen", "induction", "of", "the", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", "complexes", "is", "not", "accounted", "for", "by", "protein", "phosphorylation", "or", "by", "induction", "of", "CREB", "." ]
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2114
[ "Rather", ",", "the", "data", "indicate", "that", "mitogen", "increases", "the", "levels", "of", "a", "nuclear", "factor", "(", "s", ")", "that", "dimerizes", "with", "CREB", "." ]
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2115
[ "Induction", "of", "new", "CREB", "complexes", "implies", "a", "physiological", "role", "for", "cAMP", "in", "mitogen", "activation", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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2116
[ "Alpha-tocopherol", "inhibits", "agonist-induced", "monocytic", "cell", "adhesion", "to", "cultured", "human", "endothelial", "cells", "." ]
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2117
[ "Antioxidants", "have", "been", "proposed", "to", "be", "anti-atherosclerotic", "agents", ";", "however", ",", "the", "mechanisms", "underlying", "their", "beneficial", "effects", "are", "poorly", "understood", "." ]
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2118
[ "We", "have", "examined", "the", "effect", "of", "alpha-tocopherol", "(", "alpha-tcp", ")", "on", "one", "cellular", "event", "in", "atherosclerotic", "plaque", "development", ",", "monocyte", "adhesion", "to", "stimulated", "endothelial", "cells", "(", "ECs", ")", "." ]
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2119
[ "Human", "umbilical", "vein", "ECs", "were", "pretreated", "with", "alpha-tcp", "before", "stimulation", "with", "known", "agonists", "of", "monocyte", "adhesion", ":", "IL-1", "(", "10", "ng/ml", ")", ",", "LPS", "(", "10", "ng/ml", ")", ",", "thrombin", "(", "30", "U/ml", ")", ",", "or", "PMA", "(", "10", "nM", ")", "." ]
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2120
[ "Agonist-induced", "monocytic", "cell", "adhesion", ",", "but", "not", "basal", "adhesion", ",", "was", "inhibited", "in", "a", "time-", "and", "concentration-dependent", "manner", "by", "alpha-tcp", "." ]
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2121
[ "The", "IC50", "of", "alpha-tcp", "on", "an", "IL-1", "-induced", "response", "was", "45", "microM", "." ]
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2122
[ "The", "inhibition", "correlated", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "steady", "state", "levels", "of", "E-selectin", "mRNA", "and", "cell", "surface", "expression", "of", "E-selectin", "which", "is", "consistent", "with", "the", "ability", "of", "a", "monoclonal", "antibody", "to", "E-selectin", "to", "inhibit", "monocytic", "cell", "adhesion", "in", "this", "system", "." ]
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2123
[ "Probucol", "(", "50", "microM", ")", "and", "N-acetylcysteine", "(", "20", "mM", ")", "also", "inhibited", "agonist-induced", "monocytic", "cell", "adhesion", ";", "whereas", ",", "several", "other", "antioxidants", "had", "no", "significant", "effect", "." ]
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2124
[ "Protein", "kinase", "C", "(", "PKC", ")", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "play", "a", "role", "in", "the", "alpha-tcp", "effect", "since", "no", "suppression", "of", "phosphorylation", "of", "PKC", "substrates", "was", "observed", "." ]
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2125
[ "Activation", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappa", "B", "is", "reported", "to", "be", "necessary", "but", "not", "sufficient", "for", "E-selectin", "expression", "in", "EC", "." ]
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2126
[ "Electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "failed", "to", "show", "an", "alpha-tcp-induced", "decrease", "in", "activation", "of", "this", "transcription", "factor", "after", "cytokine", "stimulation", "." ]
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2127
[ "It", "has", "been", "hypothesized", "that", "alpha-tcp", "acts", "as", "an", "anti-atherosclerotic", "molecule", "by", "inhibiting", "generation", "of", "oxidized", "LDL", "--", "a", "putative", "triggering", "molecule", "in", "the", "atherosclerotic", "process", "." ]
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2128
[ "Our", "results", "point", "to", "a", "novel", "alternative", "mechanism", "of", "action", "of", "alpha-tcp", "." ]
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2129
[ "Central", "nervous", "system-derived", "cells", "express", "a", "kappa", "B-binding", "activity", "that", "enhances", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "1", "transcription", "in", "vitro", "and", "facilitates", "TAR", "-independent", "transactivation", "by", "Tat", "." ]
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2130
[ "The", "Tat", "protein", "of", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "1", "(", "HIV-1", ")", "is", "a", "potent", "activator", "of", "long", "terminal", "repeat", "-directed", "transcription", "." ]
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2131
[ "While", "in", "most", "cell", "types", ",", "activation", "requires", "interaction", "of", "Tat", "with", "the", "unusual", "transcription", "element", "TAR", ",", "astrocytic", "glial", "cells", "support", "TAR", "-independent", "transactivation", "of", "HIV-1", "transcription", "by", "Tat", "." ]
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2132
[ "This", "alternative", "pathway", "of", "Tat", "activation", "is", "mediated", "by", "the", "viral", "enhancer", ",", "a", "kappa", "B", "domain", "capable", "of", "binding", "the", "prototypical", "form", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "nuclear", "factor", "kappa", "B", "(", "NF-kappa", "B", ")", "present", "in", "many", "cell", "types", ",", "including", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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2133
[ "Tat", "transactivation", "mediated", "by", "the", "kappa", "B", "domain", "is", "sufficient", "to", "allow", "replication", "of", "TAR", "-deleted", "mutant", "HIV-1", "in", "astrocytes", "." ]
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2134
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2135
[ "The", "novel", "astrocyte-derived", "kappa", "B-binding", "activity", "is", "retained", "on", "an", "HIV-1", "Tat", "affinity", "column", ",", "while", "prototypical", "NF-kappa", "B", "from", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", "is", "not", "." ]
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2136
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2137
[ "Moreover", ",", "TAR", "-independent", "transactivation", "of", "HIV-1", "transcription", "is", "reproduced", "in", "vitro", "in", "an", "astrocyte", "factor-dependent", "manner", "which", "correlates", "with", "kappa", "B-binding", "activity", "." ]
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2138
[ "The", "importance", "of", "the", "central", "nervous", "system-enriched", "kappa", "B", "transcription", "factor", "in", "the", "regulation", "of", "HIV-1", "expression", "is", "discussed", "." ]
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2139
[ "Human", "interleukin-13", "activates", "the", "interleukin-4-dependent", "transcription", "factor", "NF-IL4", "sharing", "a", "DNA", "binding", "motif", "with", "an", "interferon-gamma-induced", "nuclear", "binding", "factor", "." ]
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2140
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2141
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2142
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2143
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2144
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2145
[ "Encephalomyocarditis", "virus", "internal", "ribosomal", "entry", "site", "RNA-protein", "interactions", "." ]
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2146
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2147
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2148
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2149
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2150
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2151
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2152
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2153
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2154
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2155
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2156
[ "Peroxisome", "proliferator-activated", "receptor", "." ]
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2157
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2158
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2159
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